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On "Sisters in Arms"
Gloria T. Hull
However uneasy her identity may be, it is imperative for Lorde that she read the world as a meaningful text and not as a series of interesting and elusive propositions. For her, to "read" is (1) to decipher--like the musician Prince--the signs of the times, (2) to decode--as the lesbian/gay community does--the submerged signification of the visible signs, and (3) to sound out clearly and "to your face" uncompromising truth as she sees it, in that foot-up, hands-on-hip loudness that is self-authorized black female jeremiad, sermon, and song. From the beginning, her vatic voice has defined her moral and didactic arena--in the same way that her presence claims its territory on the stage or in a photographic frame. She and Adrienne Rich, especially, have been criticized for their heavy seriousness. However, with so many dead behind her, Lorde is too busy pulling the bodies from bars and doorways, jungle tracks and trenches to find time for unrestricted poetic laughter. Her task is to foreground the carnage in a valiant effort to make senseless dying truly a thing of the past. . . .
"Sisters in Arms," the brilliant poem that begins Our Dead Behind Us, starts with:
The edge of our bed was a wide grid
where your fifteen-year-old daughter was hanging
gut-sprung on police wheels
Instantly, the poet and the black South African woman in bed beside her are catapulted through space and time into the embattled Western Reserve where the girl's body needs burying:
so I bought you a ticket to Durban
on my American Express
and we lay together
in the first light of a new season.
The "now" of the poem is the speaker clearing roughage from her autumn garden and reaching for "the taste of today" in embittering New York Times news stories that obscure the massacre of black children. Another shift occurs with "we were two Black women touching our flame/and we left our dead behind us/ I hovered you rose the last ritual of healing." These lines show traces of the deep, joyous, authenticating eroticism Lorde describes in another of her poems as "the greed of a poet/or an empty woman trying to touch/what matters."
These two women's loving is flecked with the cold and salt rage of death, the necessity of war: "Someday you will come to my country/and we will fight side by side?" When keys jingle, threatening, in "the door ajar," the poet's desperate reaching for "sweetness" "explodes like a pregnant belly," like the nine-year-old . . . who tried to crawl to her bleeding brother after being shot during a raid, "shitting through her navel." The closing section of the poem looks backward on the grid to the only comfort in sight--a vision of warrior queen Mmanthatisi nursing her baby, then mapping the next day's battle as she
dreams of Durban sometimes
visions the deep wry song of beach pebbles
running after the sea
--in final lines whose rich referentiality links all the "Sisters" together in an enduring tradition of nurturance and hopeful struggle.
Hull, Gloria T. "Living on the Line: Audre Lorde and Our Dead Behind Us." Changing Our Own Words: Essays on Criticism, Theory, and Writing by Black Women. Ed. Cheryl A. Wall. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 1989. 150-172.
"Sisters in Arms". . . [is] at once activist reminder to the continuing racism in South Africa, tacitly sanctioned by the consumer economy of the United States, and lyric love poem celebrating the sustained eroticism of women loving women. . . . The [first] stanza laments the powerlessness of the poet, her inability to lend her South African Black woman lover any material help "to bury the body" of her daughter "gut-sprung on police wheels." The senseless brutality nevertheless structures their very loving: "The edge of our bed was a wide grid/where your fifteen-year-old daughter was hanging." Deprived of any means of political agency to protest the racism of South Africa and unable to help her lover in her guerrilla activism, "I could not plant the other limpet mine/against the wall at the railroad station," the only help the poet can offer her lover is to buy her "a ticket to Durban/on... [her] American Express." Rather than help destroy the white supremacists' railways, the poet ironically underwrites them in offering her lover a ticket to escape on one of the railways of capitalist economy--the credit card. But the irony is more astringent yet: the consumerist economy that guarantees South Africa's right to existence makes the act of buying a ticket on her credit card complicit with the multinationals refusing to sever business ties with the country. . . .
The following stanza draws tighter the web of unwilling complicity around the poet's existence in a world authorizing the racist absences of the New York Times layout. . . . Trapped in these nets of racism, the poet can only attempt remedy in her rewriting of their silences. . . . The unflinching brutality of this recital [of "Black children massacred"] regrounds the lyric firmly in the social and historical realities of its suffering, marshaling poetry as oppositional discourse against the silences of dominant cultural discourses. The stanza continues, detailing the personal grief of its lovers, but this subjective description refuses to recuperate the bitter critique of oppression into poetic sublimation. The poem questions the reader as her lover questions the poet: "Someday you will come to my country/and we will fight side by side?". . .
The final stanza crosses into a mythic twilight where an African queen prepares for war. . . . But the reflective overtones are undermined by a footnote on Mmanthatisi which situates her in the historical context of the Tlokwa uprising as a leader of the Sotho people who now live in the Orange Free State. The note repositions Mmanthatisi as part of an alternative history at the margins of Lorde's own text, a history to which Lorde has only contaminated access in her position as Western poet. . . . This contextualizing is knit into the lyric evocation of a woman warrior in a world of women--daughters-in-law, sisters, and baby play their part in a battle fought by women for racial identity. The battleground, moreover, is one already sketched through the poem in constant references to the wounded, the dead, and the oppressed. But this authority of the lyric, although evoked to delineate the battle, remains aware of its always contaminated empowerment; it can be only "the deep wry song of beach pebbles/running after the sea."
Dhairyam, Sagri. "'Artifacts for Survival': Remapping the Contours of Poetry with Audre Lorde." Feminist Studies 18.2 (1992): 229-56.
Return to Audre Lorde | <urn:uuid:68a3f52a-408b-4eb0-90b0-bf707143e30f> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.english.illinois.edu/MAPS/poets/g_l/lorde/sisters.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718296.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00540-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942433 | 1,509 | 2.09375 | 2 |
MOUNTAIN HOME, ARK – A steer named Lurch is going in the record books for having the world’s biggest set of horns: They’re more than 3 feet around!
Lurch’s horns are a whopping 37.5 inches in circumference, which shatters the existing record of 31 inches. Those numbers have earned him a spot in the next Guinness of Records, says human pal Janice Wolf.
“The people at Guinness told me, “You’d better get it done, because you’ve got the record,” says Wolfe, who had the 7-year-old steer officially measured with two veterinarians as witnesses. The humongous horns also stretch 7 feet long from tip to tip and weigh about 100 pounds – each.
Lurch is an Ankole-Watusi steer, one of a breed known as “the cattle of kings” for their revered status among African tribes. Watusi cattle are known for their huge horns, but Lurch is a giant among giants – his are almost twice the average Watusi circumference of 18 to 20 inches.
Wolf has raised Lurch since he was 5 weeks old, when she got him from a friend who raises Watusi for show.
He’s made worldwide headlines with his record-setting horns, and she hopes the attention will pay off in the much-needed funds for her animal-rescue organization. She’s the founder and sole operator of the Rocky Ridge Animal Refuge, which saves sick and abandoned animals and tries to find homes for them.
Lurch was actually a late bloomer, says Wolf. His horns started growing much later than normal.
“his horns grew very slowly,” she recalls.
“I used to worry that he wouldn’t have any!” | <urn:uuid:63cfd990-7913-4bb6-85d3-0f2f8ecc8fcd> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://weeklyworldnews.com/headlines/47693/worlds-biggest-horn/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=309c070579 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719079.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00035-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976005 | 384 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Consumer groups and media watchdogs on Monday expressed “grave concerns” about Netflix’s landmark pact with cable giant Comcast for improved internet service.
Netflix, the world’s largest video on demand service, announced at the weekend that it had made an undisclosed payment to Comcast for direct access to the cable company’s broadband network, in order to ensure smooth delivery of its content.
The deal came just 10 days after Comcast, the biggest US cable firm, announced a takeover of Time Warner Cable, the second biggest, in a $45bn deal that would hand it the accounts of 30 million cable customers. Netflix had previously accused Comcast of slowing its service in order to favour its own video-on-demand service.
The companies said Netflix would receive “no preferential network treatment” but would benefit from “a more direct connection”. Terms were not disclosed.
Craig Aaron, president of internet rights lobby group Free Press, said he had “grave concerns” about the deal.
“As a customer you are in the dark here,” he said. “Was Comcast degrading Netflix’s service to people as a negotiating tactic? To people, I’d add, who were paying month after month for Netflix’s service.”
Aaron said it looked like Netflix had decided it “better get in now” before Comcast becomes even more powerful, while Comcast appeared to have decided to make a deal that would “silence a major critic” as the regulatory authorities review its mega-merger.
John Bergmayer, senior staff attorney at the consumer rights group Public Knowledge, said: “From what information is public, it appears that the largest ISPs [internet service providers] are demanding payment from networks that deliver content and services that residential broadband consumers demand.”
He said the fact that terms of the deal are secret “raises the question of whether they have something to hide”.
“One way to prevent competitive problems from arising, and to reduce the need for future regulation, is to prevent ISPs from holding other networks hostage. This raises concerns in light of the proposed Comcast-Time Warner Cable merger,” he said.
Public Knowledge has objected to the merger. Bergmayer said that in the light of the Netflix deal the Federal Communications Commission, the Justice Department and Congress should move to “ensure that the broadband market continues to meet the needs of its users, and allows companies like Netflix (and the next Netflix) to offer the services that users have demonstrated they want.”
Comcast is currently legally obliged to treat internet traffic equally – meaning a video stream from Netflix should be as fast as one from its own video service, Xfinity. Recent studies, however, have shown that Comcast users were receiving their Netflix media at significantly slower speeds than those using other internet service providers.
Comcast was obliged to make sure all traffic was treated equally – a concept known as “net neutrality” – after its 2011 merger with NBC Universal. But the agreement expires in 2017 and many consumer groups have expressed concerns that the cable giant’s ultimate goal is a tiered internet service that would make it expensive for new startups to compete and raise prices for consumers.
Netflix is by far the largest generator of internet traffic in the US – accounting for a third of broadband traffic.
“There is no question that there are reals costs to that,” said Bergmayer. “There are servers, wires, labour associated with managing that. What concerns us is not money changing hands but what that money is for. Is it for improving the network or is it about ISPs saying we are selling you access to our customers, we are hedging against losing our cable customers to your services?”
He said the deal could well have been favourable for Netflix.
“There’s no way of knowing,” he said. “But even if it was, what does that mean for Netflix’s competition? Does the first one to get the deal pull the ladder up behind them?” | <urn:uuid:35bbc55e-e19a-4a03-9475-d1c43fdcec9d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/feb/24/netflix-deal-comcast-delivery-content?CMP=ema_546 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.968672 | 850 | 1.625 | 2 |
In the classical buckling analysis of rectangular plates subjected to the concurrent action of shear and uniaxial forces, the Euler shear buckling stress is generally evaluated separately, so that no influence on the shear buckling coefficient, due to the in-plane tensile or compressive forces, is taken into account. In this paper the buckling problem of simply supported rectangular plates, under the combined action of shear and uniaxial forces, is discussed from the beginning, in order to obtain new project formulas for the shear buckling coefficient that take into account the presence of uniaxial forces. Furthermore, as the classical expression of the shear buckling coefficient for simply supported rectangular plates is considered only a “rough” approximation, as the exact one is defined by a system of intersecting curves, the convergence and the goodness of the classical solution are analyzed, too. Finally, as the problem of the Euler shear buckling stress evaluation is a very important topic for a variety of structures, (e.g. ship ones), two numerical applications are carried out, in order to highlight the role of the uniaxial stresses on the plating scantling procedures and the goodness of the proposed formulas.
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Non ci sono file associati a questo prodotto. | <urn:uuid:52d5d5af-d615-42e8-9cae-d646601a32ee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ricerca.uniparthenope.it/handle/11367/36835 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.917948 | 276 | 1.742188 | 2 |
A HOSPITAL IN Dublin in the 1940s wrote to the Pro Cathedral as they were finding it difficult to foster children.
This letter from a Catholic priest in the Pro Cathedral in Dublin to the Registrar of the Hospital of St Margaret of Cortuna discusses the issue of unmarried mothers and their children.
The Hospital of St Margaret of Cortona was situated on Townsend Street and was also known as the Westmoreland Lock Hospital for Incurables or ‘The Lock’.
It was one of a few hospitals that catered for those suffering from ‘venereal disease’ or sexually transmitted diseases.
This letter is a response to a letter from the hospital stating that they are having difficulty in placing the “illegitimate children” of their patients in suitable homes. (To view document, click here)
The priest outlines his work as the Director of the Rotunda Girls Aid Society. He states:
I try and help a decent class of girl, a ‘first offender’, whose fall was mainly to ignorance or weakness. By decent class of girl, I mean one of a good family whom it will be possible to rehabilitate in her former position in life.
He goes on to say that he selects “all his foster mothers in a view to final adoption” adding:
I always give my reassurances to the foster mother that the mother was a ‘first offender’ of respectable parents…
He states that he tells the foster mother that the children of the women are perfectly healthy. The priest states that he also has the “Wassermann test” carried out on the mother “before taking the baby”. The Wassermann test is a test for syphilis and is rarely used today as it often produced false positive results.
He said that he found that foster mothers always wanted reassurances from him that the mothers came from good family backgrounds and that the child was healthy. He said they often want a brief outline of the mother’s history.
I feel to get any suitable foster mother to take a child whose mother has a history of venereal disease, I fear, under the circumstances it would be impossible for me to get any suitable foster mother to take a child whose mother had a history of venerial disease…
The father goes on to say that he does not arrange all adoptions in the hospital and that “in a great many cases”, it is in desirable that a mother and child be kept together.
If her circumstances at home would make it difficult or impossible for her to take the baby home it would often be better to have both sent to an institution.
He goes on to say that another solution would be for a family member to step in and help. He states that he does all this work “alone” and has to manage all the details by himself in addition to his parochial work. “In this letter I can only touch on the fringe of the difficulties inherent in the problem of dealing with unmarried mothers and her child,” he concludes. | <urn:uuid:5a372673-3cc4-415a-a20f-045708d9975f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thejournal.ie/unmarried-mothers-letter-state-files-first-offenders-1563684-Jul2014/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00116-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982199 | 632 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Universities stopped being bastions of free speech and academic freedom so long ago that the latest fiasco at Laurentian U. in Sudbury, Ontario is no surprise.
There, award-winning psychology professor Michael Persinger, popular among students as an excellent and dynamic teacher, has been banned from teaching his introductory psychology course.
Why? Because every year he warns his incoming students that in order to teach them how to reason effectively without being unduly influenced by emotional language and situations, he sometimes uses obscene words, slurs and explicit content to drive home his point.
For over 10 years, Persinger has asked students at the start of the year to sign a form saying he has told them about his teaching methods and that if they find his use of language offensive, they are free to take another class.
While that’s never been a problem before, a complaint this year prompted the administration to remove Persinger from the course, insisting the issue isn’t academic freedom, but that no professor can ask students to sign a consent form prior to taking a class.
This even though Persinger says he doesn’t prevent students from attending if they don’t sign the form.
In any event, there would appear to be an obvious solution.
That would be for Persinger to stop handing out the form to students at the start of the year and simply tell them about his teaching methods.
Students could then decide for themselves whether to take his course, which is a right they have always had.
Past and present students have come to Persinger’s defence, in the wake of the university’s decision.
That, at least, is a hopeful sign that Laurentian hasn’t yet turned them all into delicate, politically correct flowers who mistakenly believe they have a right never to be offended by anything they see or hear in a classroom, or anywhere else.
The faculty association has filed a grievance on Persinger’s behalf.
What’s really going on is another example of the phenomenon described by U.S. academic Allan Bloom in his famous 1987 book, The Closing of the American Mind, which argued that, “higher education has failed democracy and impoverished the souls of today’s students” due to runaway political correctness.
Sadly, Canada is no exception. | <urn:uuid:a89e5d6c-d4cf-4fbd-ab50-baa8b749eea8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.torontosun.com/2016/01/08/the-closing-of-the-canadian-mind | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00242-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970306 | 477 | 2.265625 | 2 |
By Martin Stabe and Callum Locke
The latest England and Wales census data throw a spotlight onto an increasingly multi-lingual population – at least where London is concerned. In the capital one in five households do not speak English as their main language. However, London is far from representative of the country as a whole.
You can use this interactive map to explore clusters of languages around the country. Choose the language in the drop down menu, then zoom into areas of interest. | <urn:uuid:15bb2744-4ca3-4b4c-9513-9782a5899938> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blogs.ft.com/ftdata/2013/01/31/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00485-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931816 | 97 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Ever since the 2016 referendum, the British Pound has experienced extreme volatility not previously seen, and some now say that the Sterling is behaving like an emerging currency and should be in the same category with currencies such as the as the Mexican Peso.
The pound has failed to rebound anywhere near the level that it was before the Brexit referendum, and since that time has seen wild movements caused by political instability in the UK, which saw the ousting of a Prime Minister as well as trade negotiations with the EU which at the moment seem to be going nowhere.
“The pound increasingly resembles the more liquid emerging market currencies rather than a core G10 currency. We believe sterling is in the process of evolving into a currency that resembles the underlying reality of the British economy: small and shrinking with a growing dual deficit problem similar to more liquid emerging market currencies,” said Kamal Sharma from Bank of America.
As long as the UK is still a member of the EU, it will face the same rules as the later, and this was evident in the pound’s behaviour yesterday after it fell on news that The US is considering placing additional tariffs on more than 3 billion worth of exports from the European Union, including the UK.
This seems to be part of US President Donald Trump’s plan to emphasise his '”America First'” and “Make America Great again” slogans in the lead up to the November presidential elections.
Trump’s treatment of the UK, one of America’s closest allies is seen as odd, but just goes to show the US president is willing to do whatever it takes to get re-elected and comes at a bad time for the UK economy considering the damage done by the coronavirus.
These actions, and any further ones from the US side may keep investors nervous with regards to the British pound.
"We are seeing relations between the U.S. and EU sour, with threats of another bout of US tariffs coming amid the ongoing battle around aircraft subsidies. Coming at a particularly difficult time for markets, this breakdown in relations provides another reason for traders to be cautious about the forthcoming period," says Joshua Mahony, Senior Market Analyst at IG.
IMPORTANT: Please be informed, that our services are available for Professional Clients only. | <urn:uuid:ee955e75-71ab-4acf-872f-8fb57e3c1207> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fibogroup.eu/analytics-and-training/analytics/market-analysis/pound-now-seen-as-emerging-currency/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.969582 | 470 | 1.828125 | 2 |
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Teacher Resources by Grade
|1st - 2nd||3rd - 4th|
|5th - 6th||7th - 8th|
|9th - 10th||11th - 12th|
Semicolons and Swift: Analyzing Punctuation and Meaning
|Grades||9 – 12|
|Lesson Plan Type||Standard Lesson|
|Estimated Time||Two 60-minute sessions|
- Develop understanding of punctuation, particularly semicolons, by considering the use of semicolons in Swift's essay and investigating reader expectations of semicolons on usage sites
- Analyze how punctuation relates to meaning by investigating the rhetorical effects of semicolons in Swift's essay
- Apply what they have learned by using semicolons in their own writing
|1.||Open with a discussion of "A Modest Proposal," which your students should have read and discussed (see Preparation, Step 2). If students are unaware, point out that multiple versions of the essay exist. Explain that in this lesson they will explore the use of semicolons in only one version of the essay because they are looking at how the effects of punctuation might affect a reader's interpretation-no matter who inserted the semicolon.
|2.||Put students into groups of two and have each pair open a new word-processing document. The pairings work best if you design partnerships so that at least one of the students is a strong reader. Have each pair of students put their names on the document and save it to a drive you designate. Give them a copy of the Effects of Semicolon Rubric and review it so students will know the expectations for the lesson's outcomes.
|3.||Next, have students access the online version of "A Modest Proposal" by Jonathan Swift. Tell them that their task will be to find all the sentences they can that contain semicolons. Each time they find one they should copy and paste it into the document, making sure that they skip a line between each sentence. Model this process before students begin to do it on their own.
|4.||When students have found all the semicolons they can, have them use the highlighter function to highlight the six to eight words following each semicolon.
|5.||Using the Sample Semicolon Sentence Sets as a guide, model for students how to group the different types of semicolon use in the essay. Have students look at the highlighted words and read the portion of the sentence that follows the semicolon. They should then put the sentences in groups that have similar structures and patterns. Start them off by doing some with them. For example, you might show the following sentences and ask students which ones would go together:
|6.||Tell students they should work with their partners to group the sentences they found according to their similarities. There may be some sentences that students do not group because they aren't like any other sentences they collected. This is acceptable for the moment, as long as students have grouped the majority of sentences.
|7.||Once students have grouped the sentences that are alike, model how to descriptively label the groups so the labels explain what they see. For example, using the "and I" sentences from Step 5, ask students what names they could give the group of sentences that are like this. They might call them "And I" sentences or "And" sentences. Be sure to explain that there is not one correct way to label the groups, but that the labels need to be descriptive of the sentence pattern.
|8.||Students should then label the rest of their sentences with their partners. Note: If students are still struggling with this concept after you model it for them, you can choose to continue the labeling as a class. If students continue to work in partnerships to do the naming but would benefit from whole class work, have them share their groups of sentences with the class to see if other groups have suggestions.
|1.||Have students access one or more of the websites from the Resources section and read about the "rules" for semicolons. In the same pairs as Session 1, have them summarize what they learned and each write a summary on an index card for reference.
|2.||Have students open up their documents from Session 1. As a whole class, review what the students found out about semicolons. Then ask students to look in their documents and find an example of a sentence that uses one of the rules they have identified. Write the sentence on the board. Discuss how it follows the rule.
|3.||Next, ask students to find a sentence that follows a similar pattern but does not use a semicolon (for example, find a compound sentence with "and" as the conjunction but punctuated more traditionally-with a comma). Help them to locate one if they are having trouble to show them what you mean (see examples in the Sample Semicolon Sentence Sets). Have them paste the new sentences into the document. Select an example from what they find to compare to the sentence already written on the board, and write that sentence on the board as well. Ask students why they think Swift or an editor might have chosen to use semicolons in one sentence and not another. What effect does the semicolon have on how the sentence could be interpreted?
If students are struggling to answer this question, suggest some possible interpretations. For example, a compound sentence is usually punctuated with a comma to show the relationship of the ideas. A semicolon usually joins two independent clauses without a conjunction. Using both a conjunction and a semicolon (rather than creating two separate sentences) both ties two ideas together and yet separates them more distinctly than a comma would. For example, in the third example listed in Session 1, Step 5 the semicolon makes a break that emphasizes the second part of the sentence. That emphasis could make a reader see the irony in the second part of the sentence. Not only are the methods of cooking mentioned, the mention of specific dishes in that second part of the sentence emphasizes the irrationality of the suggestion.
|4.||After the group work of theorizing about the effects of the use of semicolons on meaning, have students individually write their conclusions about Swift's use of semicolons and how it contributes to what he's trying to say in his essay. In this writing, they should use a semicolon once in the way the rules indicate; they may use it one more time in a way Swift does, if they can use it to create the same effect he did. Refer to the Semicolon Writing Prompt for details. Note: You may choose to allow students to finish this work for homework if there is not sufficient time left at the end of this session.
- You may also choose to teach the lesson Every Punctuation Mark Matters: A Mini-Lesson on Semicolons, which looks at semicolon use in Martin Luther King's "Letter From a Birmingham Jail."
- Students might find it interesting to read "The Sissy Semicolon" by James J. Kilpatrick and discuss or debate the points it brings up about the uselessness of semicolons. You might even consider sharing this article just prior to giving the writing prompt in Session 2 as a way to allow some students evidence for a different perspective.
- Have students apply the same process they did in Session 2 to other forms of punctuation in other pieces of literature: 1) finding examples; 2) grouping and naming them; 3) looking up corresponding rules; 4) finding contrasting examples or nonexamples; 5) theorizing about the choices and the effects of those choices. A good option would be the use of dashes in a selection from The Woman Warrior by Maxine Hong Kingston (Vintage, 1989).
- Sentences in one version of "A Modest Proposal" that are punctuated by a semicolon are sometimes punctuated differently in other versions. Have students compare punctuation in different versions of Swift's essay to see how meaning can be affected by punctuation. Here are other possible online versions:
- Have students write a short satirical piece of their own using semicolons to create similar rhetorical effects as those they discovered in Swift's essay.
- Observe students’ participation as they work in pairs to collect their sentences and create the word document. Check for how they work independently when it was time for them to work independently but also how effectively they worked cooperatively during the partnered portions of the lesson. If you choose to do more of the work as a whole class, also consider the level of participation during whole-class discussions.
- Have students turn in the highlighted document they created in Session 1, the semicolon rules summary, and their individual paragraphs. Use the Effects of Semicolon Rubric to evaluate their work. | <urn:uuid:820b3b1b-836b-4d29-8717-8eb9601a68e8> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.readwritethink.org/classroom-resources/lesson-plans/semicolons-swift-analyzing-punctuation-1130.html?tab=4 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720962.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00385-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940863 | 1,910 | 3.828125 | 4 |
Basic Skills for the TOEFL iBT 2, Listening Book (with 3 Audio CDs, Transcripts, & Answer Key) by
Basic Skills for the TOEFL iBT is a 3-level, 12-book test preparation series designed for beginning-level students of the TOEFL iBT. Each level consists of four books: Reading, Listening, Speaking, and Writing. Over the course of the series, students build on their current vocabulary to include common TOEFL and academic vocabulary. Students new to the test are also introduced to level-appropriate passages, lectures, conversations, and questions found on the TOEFL iBT. | <urn:uuid:fac5a168-1185-48ca-94fa-f3cbef17ec9f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tvacres.com/tag/micah-sedillos/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.92732 | 133 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Uber seems to make headlines every day, for negative as well as positive reasons, but that doesn’t seem to be hindering the company’s expansion plans. After run-ins with state and national governments over taxi regulations, allegations of rape in India and the U.S. perpetrated by Uber drivers and questions over the “big brother” methods of looking for passengers, Uber is in the news for good and bad reasons; it might have scored a point in Australia, but in London, Uber drivers have been accused of homophobia.
First, the London story. According to the London Evening Standard, Kensington resident, Svend Littaur, a businessman, complains that he has been given low ratings of 3.4 by Uber drivers, and thinks the main reason was because he was riding with his male companion. The 45 year old said, “A driver told me that anything under a rating of four was scary, and I’ve not been abusive at all, so the only thing I can put it down to is the fact we are a gay couple. That is the only explanation, ” he told the London Evening Standard. An Uber driver in London was suspended when he kicked a gay couple out of his car when they kissed on New Year’s Eve.
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Cabbies in Victoria, Australia are not happy that the transportation authorities are having talks with Uber’s David Plouffe, who was a campaign manager for President Obama. Around $1.25 billion worth of tax licenses could be at stake, according to BRW. The website seemed to reflect the view of the Australian taxi drivers when it announced there was a potential to “legalise a service that has outraged taxi drivers across the world.” About 2, 500 Uber X drivers are expected to be on the streets of Victoria if regulations are altered. | <urn:uuid:9a906137-b3e0-41a4-9f7b-b192b3d62bf1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jewishbusinessnews.com/2015/02/16/uber-accused-of-homophobia-but-could-take-victoria-australia-by-storm/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.971565 | 464 | 1.71875 | 2 |
NATIONAL HARBOR, Md. — Bespectacled, smiling Denver fifth-grader Dhivya Senthil Murugan succumbed to a Greek spelling of the word freckles, “ephelides,” in the Scripps National Spelling Bee on Thursday night.
Dhivya, 10, the youngest kid on stage in a field winnowed from 275 youngsters to 13 this week in this Washington suburb, watched tapes of old spelling bees and studied eight to 10 hours every weekend for a shot at the finals.
Dhivya grew up in Minnesota and India, where her parents are from, before moving to Denver in 2007. An only child, she speaks Tamil at home and is learning Spanish too.
“We try to stretch her memory, and I think that’s made her a good speller,” said her father, Senthil Nallasivan, a software developer, who said he himself is not a good speller. “Anyone who uses Microsoft, I don’t think they are good spellers.”
To get to the freckle word, Dhivya — with cropped black bangs and a pink shirt — had to spell correctly “apolaustic” (devoted to enjoyment) and “crevecoeur” (a rare breed of chicken from France).
To get the final round Thursday evening, she correctly spelled “kagura” (a Japanese style of music and dancing) in the semifinals.
She was one of only nine kids left on stage when she made the mistake.
The 10-year-old didn’t take it very well. She and her mother left the stage while she had a good cry in the back, before returning to a plate of comfort cookies provided by bee organizers.
“She’s young; she’s not that mature like the others,” her father said.
“I don’t feel so good now,” Dhivya said after the competition. Asked whether she had seen her fated word before, she said, “I may have seen that word, but I got it wrong.”
Most upsetting to Dhivya is that she won’t get another shot at the National Spelling Bee unless she moves to another county. The Denver Post sponsored her, and its rules don’t allow a statewide winner a return trip to the national bee.
“I think that’s why she’s upset. She won’t get to come back,” her father said.
Dhivya is a fifth-grader at Cherry Creek Challenge School, a K-8 school, where 25 teachers and students were cheering her on Thursday at City Pub near Cherry Creek State Park.
“We’re so proud of her, we really are,” said her language arts teacher Rich Erixon. “We were sad, of course, to see her go out, but to make that top 10, we couldn’t be prouder.”
He said the school is working on a special celebration to welcome home its champion. “I can’t tell you what it is, though, or she’ll find out.”
One of the striking things about the National Spelling Bee is how many words aren’t in English, but French, Italian, Japanese and Spanish. Bee organizers say that is because the English language is full of “borrowed” words.
Dhivya’s father said she spent hours studying Greek and Latin roots and usually has her head in a book. Her favorites are the “Harry Potter” series.
Because the national finals are the crème de la crème, it took nearly an hour before there was a misspelling, with “bondieusurie,” which means banal, shoddy religious art.
David Phan, a 14-year-old from Longmont, was knocked out in the seventh round of the semifinals competition earlier Thursday when he misspelled “ocypode,” a genus of crab.
Sukanya Roy, 14, of Pennsylvania correctly spelled “periscii” and “cymotrichous” to win the national bee. On stage afterward, she encouraged the other spellers to “just have fun.”
Dhivya, who had a small cough during the competition, spent the two-minute commercial breaks running to her parents, hugging her mom and holding her dad’s hand.
At one point, she allowed a makeup artist to paint her lips with gloss.
She said she wants to take a break from spelling and plans a summer of reading and swimming.
Her mother, Geetha Kumarasamy, said the work Dhivya put in for the bee will pay off in important life lessons later.
“She has already learned so much,” she said.
Though competitors, the 13 finalists, sitting in two rows of black chairs on a stage, high-fived one another and grabbed each other’s legs and arms when they spelled words correctly.
“She’s already made a huge achievement,” Nallasivan said. “I feel really happy about her.”
Staff writer Joey Bunch contributed to this report.
Allison Sherry: 202-662-8907 or firstname.lastname@example.org | <urn:uuid:c5ba76e3-9fb9-4ad0-85a6-3b4aad859dd3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.denverpost.com/2011/06/02/denver-fifth-grader-hits-bright-spell-before-finishing-ninth-in-national-bee/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00411-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962089 | 1,162 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Comes on the first anniversary of the attack on the US consulate in the country's second largest city
A car bomb damaged a Libyan foreign ministry building in Benghazi on Wednesday, the first anniversary of the attack on the U.S. consulate in the country's second largest city.
Two years after the revolt that toppled Muammar Gaddafi, Libya is riven along regional and tribal lines and dogged by armed violence, leaving the central government struggling to curb the clout of rival militias and radical Islamists.
Local security officials said a car packed with explosives was left beside the ministry building where it detonated at dawn, badly damaging it and several other buildings in the centre of Benghazi. There were no reports of casualties.
A few hours before the Benghazi explosion, security forces defused a large bomb placed near the foreign ministry headquarters in the eastern Zawyat al Dahmani district of the capital Tripoli, the government said.
"Libyans cannot ignore the timing of this explosion. It's a clear message by the forces of terror that they do not want the state or the army to stand on its feet," Prime Minister Ali Zeidan told reporters.
Zeidan did not directly blame any group for the attack, but alluded to Islamist militants blamed for a spate of recent car bombs targeting security and army officers.
Zeidan later said his government was accelerating a programme to train 19,000 police officers and thousands of army recruits who would be sent for training inside and outside the country.
The government has allocated billions of dollars in its budget to bolster its armed forces but progress has been slow in integrating unruly militias in a unified force.
As well as militia violence, Zeidan's central government has also struggled to end strikes by oil workers and armed guards at oil installations that have paralysed the North African state's crude production.
A year ago, four Americans including the U.S. ambassador to Libya were killed in an attack on the Benghazi consulate.
Washington initially said the assault had grown out of anti-Western protests. But it later turned out Islamist militants were the perpetrators, marking the 11th anniversary of al Qaeda's Sept. 11 attacks on the United States.
Acting Interior Minister Al-Sadeeq Abdul Karim said the army and police were stepping up security measures to stem the deterioration of security in Benghazi and other parts of the vast country.
Benghazi has seen a spike in car bombings and assassinations of army and security officers, many of whom served in Gaddafi's security contingents and then joined successor formations after the 2011 civil war.
Seven have been killed since since last week and at least 35 security personnel killed in the last few months, according to a Tripoli-based security source.
Analysts say rebels and militants seeking revenge against former security officers who served under Gaddafi, and frustrated with the limited progress in bringing his ex-henchmen to justice, have sought to take the law into their hands. | <urn:uuid:0aaa545f-a2b8-4084-b58d-a471a15c926d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.arabianbusiness.com/bomb-damages-libyan-foreign-ministry-building-in-benghazi-517858.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00528-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972732 | 594 | 1.875 | 2 |
The trial of officer Derek Chauvin came up in a conversation I had with a friend this weekend. “Yeah, I really haven’t been able to follow it much, but I did see a few headlines,” was the essence of my friend’s comments on the issue. He then noted that the little he had seen made him think Chauvin’s prospects weren’t all that bright.
“Oh, really?” I asked. “I got a different idea.”
Curious, my friend questioned me about what I had heard, so I began sharing with him the various testimonies I had watched and the new facts of the case I learned through that viewing. Furthermore, I shared some of the daily synopses of the trial as broken down by attorney Andrew Branca on Legal Insurrection.
Interestingly, the resumption of the trial this week found Branca making the same observation as my friend and I did, namely, that the tidbits of the trial making the sensational headlines tell a vastly different story than the one really playing out. This has become a “common pattern in this case,” Branca observes, noting:
The (carefully prepared?) state’s witness is carefully questioned by the state to illicit headline worthy quotes, but it’s ultimately revealed on cross-examination that those quoted opinions were based on extremely limited information, lacked context of the full circumstances, and were gutted on cross-examination as a result.
Yet the general public does not realize they are receiving a very narrow view of the case from the media. This pattern of only reporting one side of the story is dangerous, Branca notes, because while the jury will hear both sides and be able to make a well-informed opinion, the public will not:
The public, especially the public willing to riot, loot, and arson (arson must be a verb by now, right?), is however hearing only the narrative of guilt in this case. That means that anything other than a guilty verdict can only come as a complete shock to their sense of justice, and therefore a complete justification of any terror they wish to bring to bear to the public generally.
Branca suggests that this will leave the media with some of the blame should riots ensue if Chauvin is acquitted.
But this isn’t the only time we’ve seen this type of story play out. Just the other day 60 Minutes aired a story about Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis, alleging underhanded dealings with Publix for vaccine distribution efforts in the state. The 60 Minutes segment, however, eliminated much of DeSantis’s fact-based answer, making for a much more incriminating story, a situation for which both Democratic officials and the Publix company called the longstanding news program to task.
These examples are clear instances of propaganda. Political philosopher Richard Weaver outlined this form of propaganda in his 1948 book, Ideas Have Consequences, only at that time he framed this propaganda as the work of public relations offices which seek to puff their corporate heads:
More institutions of every kind are coming to feel that they cannot permit an unrestricted access to news about themselves. What they do is simply set up an office of publicity in which writers skilled in propaganda prepare the kinds of stories those institutions wish to see circulated. Inevitably this organization serves at the same time as an office of censorship, de-emphasizing, or withholding entirely, news which would be damaging to prestige. It is easy, of course, to disguise such an office as a facility created to keep the public better informed, but this does not alter the fact that where interpretation counts, control of source is decisive.
We see this same type of work being done today, only this time, the PR puffing is accomplished by the media on behalf of progressive, “woke” organizations such as Black Lives Matter, or ideas such as critical race theory, or policies relating to defunding the police. If the media can act “as an office of censorship, de-emphasizing, or withholding entirely, news which would be damaging to [the] prestige” of these various favored “woke” theories, ideas, and courses of action under the guise of “keep[ing] the public better informed,” then how can we maneuver our way through life, making sure we know the truth and are not just being taken in by propaganda? Weaver supplies the answer in a separate essay entitled “A Responsible Rhetoric.”
“[C]oping with propaganda requires a wide-spread critical intelligence,” writes Weaver. Sadly, such intelligence is acquired from a good education system, which, Weaver admitted, was not that great even in the mid-20th century in which he penned those words. To remedy this poor education system and the citizenry’s subsequently poor intelligence, Weaver says we must teach “responsible rhetoric.”
Responsible rhetoric, as I conceive it, is a rhetoric responsible primarily to the truth. It measures the degree of validity in a statement, and it is aware of the sources of controlling that it employs. As such, it is distinct from propaganda, which is a distortion of the truth for selfish purposes.
Instances of propaganda are likely to increase in frequency going forward. If we want to avoid being taken in by propaganda, then we must become individuals who dig beyond headlines in order to hear the real story and discern the truth.
Big Tech is suppressing our reach, refusing to let us advertise and squelching our ability to serve up a steady diet of truth and ideas. Help us fight back by becoming a member for just $5 a month and then join the discussion on Parler @CharlemagneInstitute and Gab @CharlemagneInstitute! | <urn:uuid:7658cf88-e31b-4459-8016-999d3a6692ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://intellectualtakeout.org/2021/04/looking-beyond-headlines-to-outsmart-the-propagandists/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.967467 | 1,216 | 1.570313 | 2 |
How do you look at your blog? Do you see it as a personal diary or maybe as a form of journalism? Do you ever think of your blogging as database form? This is the first post in a series of three on the blog as database on three different levels:
- The blog as database
- The blogosphere as database
- The web as database
New Media theorist Lev Manovich argues in “The Language of New Media” that the database has become the (new) dominant media form:
After the novel, and subsequently cinema privileged narrative as the key form of cultural expression of the modern age, the computer age introduces its correlate – database. Many new media objects do not tell stories; they don’t have beginning or end; in fact, they don’t have any development, thematically, formally or otherwise which would organize their elements into a sequence. Instead, they are collections of individual items, where every item has the same significance as any other. (Manovich, The Language of New Media, p. 218)
We hardly ever think of our blog as a database because the WordPress interface renders the underlying MySQL database invisible. However, every time we blog we are filling our database with information such as the post title, post content and tags used. If you blog at a blog service such as WordPress.com or Blogger.com you won’t be confronted with the existence of the underlying database as it is “hidden” from you. Self hosting WordPress users on the other hand have to create a database on their server.
One of the few times we are actually confronted with the existence of the database is when things go wrong. With the recent release of WordPress 2.3 the naming of some database tables such as “categories” changed (categories are now “terms”). This means that all the themes and plugins that use the categories table suddenly don’t work anymore. This causes the plugin or theme to break and your blog visitor will be confronted with an error such as: WordPress database error: [Table ‘wp_post2cat’ doesn’t exist]
We are indirectly confronted with the database when you use a WordPress theme. While the database itself poses no structure and hierarchy on the data blog software and blog themes do. Nowadays blogs have a very distinctive look and most blogs have the same structure. The dominant blog form is that posts are ordered in a hierarchical descending order with the most recent post on top. It is interesting that the database itself does not force this structure on the blog but the theme does. The chronological descending order is defined in “the Loop” which lies at the heart of almost all WordPress themes in the index.php.
More and more theme writers are writing themes that defy the current dominant form of the blog. A very interesting example of this is the Commodore theme written by Rod McFarland. The theme orders your blogs information so that it looks like the old Commodore64 interface. Other examples are the currently very popular magazine and photoblog themes.
Do you use a theme that defies the dominant blog form? Do you ever look at the backside of your blog? What is your relation to your blog’s database?
Anne is a New Media Lecturer at the University of Amsterdam. She participates as a blog researcher in the newly found Digital Methods Initiative of the University of Amsterdam. Anne also writes about blogging and academics on her personal blog and the collaborative Masters of Media blog. | <urn:uuid:4a459dfc-0d49-4c69-9c55-eb58fb9c4d50> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.blogherald.com/features/rethinking-the-blog-as-database/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.937291 | 720 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Overcoming Unforeseen Incidents: What to do When an Unlikely Event Occurs
Despite clinicians’ best efforts, throughout the course of practicing dentistry on a daily basis unforeseen incidents are sometimes unavoidable. While these unexpected events can initially be upsetting to both the patient and the clinician, it is paramount that the clinician maintain composure and calmly rectify the potentially damaging situation. This case report describes an incident in which the clinician’s equipment malfunctioned while performing root canal therapy on a patient, and how the clinician was able to carefully dislodge a broken instrument from the patient’s mid-root while avoiding perforation of the tooth.
While practicing dentistry on an everyday basis, there may be times when clinicians encounter unforeseen, problematic events such as an equipment malfunction. If not handled properly such incidents can be traumatic to the patient and detrimental to the clinician’s practice. Planning and preparation are essential to overcoming such potentially challenging situations. The following case depicts an instance in which the author’s instrumentation failed while performing root canal therapy on a patient, and the steps that were taken to rectify the problem.
A 75-year-old man was referred to the author’s office for examination of tooth No. 30 for possible root canal therapy. He had recently been experiencing discomfort with hot and cold foods and was having slight pain chewing on his lower right side. A bridge from Nos. 30 through 32 had been permanently cemented within the previous year (Figure 1). The patient’s medical history was non-contributory. He did, however, demonstrate a significant, constant tremor, and the author surmised that this could impede his ability to treat the patient if root canal therapy was indeed necessary.
Diagnosis of the etiology of the patient’s pain began by testing his teeth to percussion, and it was evident that only tooth No. 30 was painful to tapping. Next, the lower right quadrant was tested with Hygenic® Endo-Ice® (Coltène-Whaledent, www.coltene.com). The results were positive, with non-lingering responses on teeth Nos. 29 and 32. By testing the “normal” teeth first, a clinician is able to determine a patient’s baseline response. For some people, slight lingering to cold may be normal, while for others it may not be. After then testing the tooth in question, No. 30, it was quite apparent that this was the source of the patient’s pain. He felt acute pain that lingered for almost 1 minute, allowing the author to diagnose the condition as irreversible pulpitis, No. 30, with acute periradicular periodontitis.
Having reviewed all treatment modalities, alternatives, risks, and benefits, it was determined that root canal therapy on tooth No. 30 would be performed. Whenever clinicians treat patients, they must be aware that complications may occur, especially in retreatment cases. But even for nonsurgical root canal therapy, anatomy may impede a clinician’s attempt to successfully negotiate the canals. Therefore, by under-promising and over-delivering, clinicians can improve the patient’s overall satisfaction.
Treatment began by giving the patient an inferior alveolar block with 1.8 ml mepivicaine and 0.9 ml 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000. This was followed by a long buccal injection, administering 0.9 ml of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000. Parirokh et al demonstrated that combining an inferior alveolar block with a long buccal infiltration injection provided more effective anesthesia in mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis.1
Some clinicians prefer to give ibuprofen to patients preoperatively to help them achieve better anesthesia for an inflamed tooth, but support from the literature is mixed. Aggarwal et al recently demonstrated that preoperative administration of ibuprofen or ketorolac had no significant effect on the success rate of inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis.2 Oleson et al further confirmed that for mandibular posterior teeth, a dose of 800 mg of ibuprofen given 45 minutes before the administration of an inferior alveolar block did not result in a statistically significant increase in anesthetic success in patients with irreversible pulpitis.3 Meanwhile, Parirokh et al found that premedication with ibuprofen and indomethacin significantly increased the success rates of inferior alveolar block anesthesia for teeth with irreversible pulpitis.4
In this particular case, having visited his restorative dentist prior to treatment, the patient had already been given a 600 mg dose of ibuprofen. Nevertheless, the author does not routinely prescribe that, but instead uses other methods of injection to alleviate pain, such as periodontal ligament (PDL) or intraosseous. In rare cases, the author may have to resort to an intrapulpal injection, but only very infrequently. This is because of a strategy of often waiting 15 minutes after administering a block to begin treatment and because in the author’s practice, more necrotic teeth and retreatments of prior root canal therapies are treated than teeth with irreversible pulpitis.
After waiting 15 minutes, tooth No. 30 was again tested to Hygenic Endo-Ice to see if pulpal anesthesia was achieved. The patient felt no pain, so the procedure was started. The tooth was isolated with a rubber dam and access preparation began using a No. 2 round diamond bur to remove the occlusal porcelain, allowing the metal coping underneath to be visible. With the aid of a microscope, access preparation was continued using a straight metal-cutting bur. The pulp was inflamed, and bleeding was immediately visible in the chamber. While this confirmed the diagnosis, it also posed some problems.
Naturally, proper magnification and a clear operating field is necessary to achieve good visibility inside a crown. This can be challenging when a tooth is inflamed. In this case, the problem was solved by locating the orifices with a 10 and 15 .02 hand file and locating the canals first. This was done without using the instrument beyond resistance. Then a 30 tip, .04 taper rotary file was used to clean out the coronal or mid-root portion of the canals. This allowed for better visualization of the orifices and removed enough coronal tissue so that the bleeding began to subside. Copious irrigation with 6% (full strength) sodium hypochlorite further ensured that tissue dissolution would take place. Recent studies have demonstrated that tissue dissolution increased almost linearly as concentration of sodium hypochlorite increased.5 Also, sodium hypochlorite has been shown to eliminate Enterococcus faecalis-contaminated dentin when used in higher concentration for 40 minutes.6
Next, canal lengths were verified with an apex locator. In this particular case, three canals were found. Having taken a 20 tip, .02 hand file to length on all three separate canals, the author was prepared to open the orifices with a No. 3 Gates Glidden drill (DENTSPLY/Caulk, www.caulk.com), allowing for better straight-line access. This is when the equipment malfunction occurred. Whether it was the patient’s constant movement, an over-aggressive technique, or inherent weakness in the bur itself, after the Gates was removed from the canal the tip of it was missing (Figure 2). Immediately it was realized that something was clearly wrong, as Gates drills are supposed to separate near the shank, not at the tip.
The author explained the situation to the patient, saying that while attempting to clean out the inflamed tissue an instrument became separated within one of the canals, and that he was hopeful to be able to retrieve it and complete the treatment successfully. The author further explained that if the broken instrument could not be retrieved, future surgery (apicoectomy) or extraction may be necessary. After the patient accepted this explanation, the arduous task of removing the Gates Glidden instrument from mid-root began, while simultaneously carefully trying not to perforate the patient’s tooth.
Correcting the Problem
To remove the Gates, several ultrasonic tips were initially used to advance down the canal, starting with larger tips (ProUltra® Endo Coated Instruments #2 and #3, DENTSPLY Tulsa Dental, www.tulsadental.com) and, finally, an ultra-fine tip (ProUltra® Endo Coated Instrument #5, DENTSPLY Tulsa Dental) set on the lowest power setting to trough away tooth structure surrounding the broken instrument. A lower setting was also used on a Mini Endo II ultrasonic unit (SybronEndo, www.sybronendo.com) for two reasons. First, with a higher power setting there is a potential to significantly gouge a tooth, thereby removing sound tooth structure. Second, the ultra-fine tip would almost certainly break at a higher setting.
Clifford J. Ruddle, DDS, recommends using a Gates to create a “platform” to begin accessing a broken instrument or bur.7 However, this can just as readily be performed with the use of ultrasonics and copious water. Having removed some tooth structure, the author could now better visualize the broken bur under a microscope.
Even though enough tooth structure was removed to better visualize the top half of the broken Gates, a periapical (PA) radiograph was taken for better visualization within the canal. This additional step was invaluable, as it helped the author visualize if he was properly centered over the instrument, or if he was closer to perforating the tooth from the mesial aspect. Once it was apparent that it was permissible to proceed, the author continued to use the ultrasonic on a low power setting. Normally, without using constant water, too much heat would be generated in the periodontal ligament and tissue sloughing could result. Due to the delicate nature of this procedure, the water could not be used in combination with the ultrasonic vibration. Rather, intermittently irrigating with either water or sodium hypochlorite would reduce the chance that any heat generated by the ultrasonic tip would impact the patient’s adjacent gingiva or bone. It also allowed for better canal visibility, as there was less need to constantly dry the canal. At the end of the first visit, calcium hydroxide was placed and the tooth was sealed with cotton and Cavit™ (3M ESPE, www.3MESPE.com) (Figure 3).
At the second visit, the patient was asymptomatic. The same amount of anesthesia was administered as at the initial visit and treatment continued. After 30 minutes of ultrasonic vibration on the lowest power setting, the broken Gates finally emerged and entered the pulp chamber where the author was able to easily remove it with a pair of college pliers. A radiograph was taken to confirm that the entire segment was removed (Figure 4). At this point, the author checked to see if any perforation had occurred mid-root. Also, completing this case would still be challenging. In fact, negotiating the mesiobuccal (MB) and mesiolingual (ML) canals was almost as arduous as removing the Gates itself. But having instrumented each to a 30 tip, .02 taper hand file, the author again medicated the patient’s tooth with calcium hydroxide and sealed the access with cotton and Cavit (Figure 5). Calcium hydroxide was placed to both medicate and confirm that no perforation had occurred. However, under the microscope, the author was able to surmise that perforation likely did not occur since no bleeding was present. In addition, because it took approximately 30 minutes to remove the Gates, the patient was brought back for a third visit to complete treatment.
At that visit, instrumentation was completed with nickel titanium rotary files to a 40 tip, .04 taper on the distal and a 35 tip, .04 taper on the mesial canals (Figure 6). While the author usually opens teeth to greater apical sizes, it was not prudent to do so in this particular case because of the curvature of the roots and the narrowness of the canals. As Donald E. Arens, DDS, once said, “the enemy of good is better” (personal communication, August 2005); that seemed to be prudent advice in this case.
Despite being treated on three separate occasions, the patient stated that he experienced little to no pain during each procedure and immediately thereafter. This is congruent with recent literature that suggests there is no significant difference in postoperative pain after single-visit or multiple-visit root canal therapy.8 Also, recent literature suggests that the combination of acetaminophen and ibuprofen may be more effective than ibuprofen alone for managing postoperative endodontic pain.9 The author routinely recommends that combination of drugs over narcotics for most healthy patients requiring root canal therapy.
With the patient’s root canal therapy completed, the access cavity was sealed with a composite resin restoration. At the 6-month and 1-year check-up appointments, the patient remained asymptomatic, and it appeared that everything was healing well (Figure 7 and Figure 8). No visible breakdown of lamina dura was apparent.
1. Parirokh M, Satvati SA, Sharifi R, et al. Efficacy of combining a buccal infiltration with an inferior alveolar nerve block for mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010;109(3):468-473.
2. Aggarwal V, Singla M, Kabi D. Comparative evaluation of effect of preoperative oral medication of ibuprofen and ketorolac on anesthetic efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block with lidocaine in patients with irreversible pulpitis: a prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. J Endod. 2010;36(3):375-378.
3. Oleson M, Drum M, Reader A, et al. Effect of preoperative ibuprofen on the success of the inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis. J Endod. 2010;36(3):379-382.
4. Parirokh M, Ashouri R, Rekabi AR, et al. The effect of premedication with ibuprofen and indomethacin on the success of inferior alveolar nerve block for teeth with irreversible pulpitis. J Endod. 2010;36(9):1450-1454.
5. Stojicic S, Zivkovic S, Qian W, et al. Tissue dissolution by sodium hypochlorite: effect of concentration, temperature, agitation, and surfactant. J Endod. 2010;36(9):1558-1562.
6. Retamozo B, Shabahang S, Johnson N, et al. Minimum contact time and concentration of sodium hypochlorite required to eliminate Enterococcus faecalis. J Endod. 2010;36(3):520-523.
7. Ruddle CJ. Broken instrument removal. April 2007. Available at: http://www.endoruddle.com/faq.html?name=FAQRetxInstr. Accessed March 3, 2011.
8. El Mubarak AH, Abu-bakr NH, Ibrahim YE. Postoperative pain in multiple-visit and single-visit root canal treatment. J Endod. 2010;36(1):36-39.
9. Menhinick KA, Gutmann JL, Regan JD, et al. The efficacy of pain control following nonsurgical root canal treatment using ibuprofen or a combination of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Int Endod J. 2004;37(8):531-541.
About the Author
Joseph Chikvashvili, DDS
West Orange, New Jersey
Director of Endodontics
Newark Beth Israel Medical Center
Newark, New Jersey | <urn:uuid:bbb16458-464d-4840-94e0-7e006809fd60> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dentalaegis.com/cced/2011/06/overcoming-unforeseen-incidents-what-to-do-when-an-unlikely-event-occurs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00326-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931894 | 3,428 | 1.90625 | 2 |
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Handling Text Files, Basic Computer Science
I. Write an application that accomplishes the following tasks:
1. Read a text file that contains, integers, doubles, alphabet, alphanumeric, and others. The name of the input file should be entered as a command-line argument.
2. All other files should also be entered as command-line arguments. For example, you may include the following:
data6.txt integersOut.txt doubleOut.txt alphabeticOut.txt alphanumericOut.txt othersOut.txt
3. Check each token you read and save in the appropriate type of ArrayList.
4. Write each type of lists to a separate output text file with appropriate header with 6 values per line separated by tabs or spacing.
5. Write the average values of integers and doubles to the appropriate files
6. Write the longest token of the alphabet, alphanumeric, and others to the appropriate file
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Most everyone who plays golf has a greater chance of low back injury. Recent study shows that about 35% of amateur and 22-24% of professional golfers susceptible to lumbar spine injuries. Collectively, the incidence of lower back pain in the male golfer is 25% to 36% and 22% to 27% in the female golfer. Many just want to learn how to hit the ball as far as possible and forgetting the basics of soft tissue trauma prevention. Below is the list of the risk factors that could cause lower back pain:
- Arthritis, disc injuries or stress fractures
- Weak abdominal musculature
- Poor muscle trunk stabilization and strength
- Poor warm up and flexibility
- Overuse or repetitive stress from technique
- Improper swing or technique
- Poor posture or scoliosis
- Overweight and general poor health
- Previous history of back pain or injury
What Is the Mechanism Injury of Lower Back While Playing Golf
Lumbar Spine consists of the following structures: vertebral bodies, IVD – Inter Vertebral Disc, Ligaments, Muscles and Tendons. Lower back injuries are the most common golf related injuries followed by, elbow, wrist and shoulder injuries. Occasionally golfers suffer from hip and knee pain as well. The most common mechanism of injury is the twisting and pulling that takes place during the golf swing against a spine that is not moving through its full range of motion. During golf swing the spine is exposed to extra load and tensile movement. It is estimated that during the swing phase the soft tissue of the lumbar spine is exposed to a force eight times of the body weight. Prolonger standing, twisting, and bending are the contributing factors for stress accumulation on the supporting structures of the lumbar spine. When the force dissipates through the vertebral body, muscles, discs and ligaments can be damaged and be the cause of low back injury.
Preventing Low Back Injuries from Golfing
- Less than 5% of amateur golfers fail to adequately stretch or warm up before the game. A proper warm up will provide the following benefits to the spine:
- Increasing circulation
- Increasing the range of motion
- Preparing for increased loading and stress
- Below is an example of good warm up activities:
- light jog or brisk walk, stretching the larger muscles or major muscle groups, swinging a club in both directions to mobilize the trunk muscles and increase circulation, Fluid, gentle practice swings preparing the relevant structures of the spine and muscles groups for the activity.
Improve Muscle Strength and Tone and Flexibility
Strengthening the abdominal and lower back muscles will help to stabilize the spine during the swing phase and in turn produce more powerful, longer shots. Strong quadriceps, buttock and hamstring muscles are another important key factor that should not be neglected. Here is link to a “Two Stretching Exercises for Golf Back Pain.” Pilates for Golfers (affiliate link) has been a very popular technique in preventing back injuries and elbow injuries while golfing. Pilates for Golfers is a step-by-step guide to identify and correct golf swing faults using the Pilates Method.
Consult Your Personal Chiropractor or Medical Professional
If you injured yourself while golfing, you must do the following in order to prevent farther injury:
- Discontinue any activities that aggravates the pain
- Apply ice to injured area ASAP – 15 minutes on and 45 minutes off
- After 72 hours you can switch to heating moist pads for increased blood flow
- Do not lye in bed for a prolonged period of time
- Force yourself for light activity
- Avoid Heavy Lifting
- Avoid Prolonged Sitting
- Avoid Prolonged Bending
- Suspend Golfing Activities
A visit to your local chiropractor would be a great benefit to your lower back pain. Make sure that your local chiropractor has physical therapy modalities such as, electric stimulation, moist heat, ultrasound, cold laser and certified massage therapist as a staff member. Spinal Chiropractic Adjustment can do wonders to your spine and overall well being. | <urn:uuid:10aa9fcb-6b5b-426b-8366-be047c5eb394> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.burtchiropractic.com/category/sports-2/page/3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.921894 | 860 | 2.71875 | 3 |
THIS APPEAL SEEKS CHF 1,160,000 IN CASH,
KIND AND SERVICES TO ASSIST 3,000 FAMILIES FOR 3 MONTHS
This appeal replaces the Preliminary Appeal which was launched on 20 October, 1999
Hurricane Irene, classified as a category 1 hurricane, crossed Cuba on 14 October beginning at 15:00 hrs local time with winds up to 120 kilometres an hour. The first town to be affected was Batabo, to the south of Havana province. Later Irene struck the capital, Havana, and Santiago de las Vegas and at about 17:00 hrs left the coast in the province of Baracoa on its way to Florida in the United States. In its wake the hurricane produced intense rain and caused flooding along the coastal areas in western Cuba, especially the province of Havana from Villa Clara and then passing to Cienfuegos and Camag=FCey. The most affected were the capital city and the provinces of Cien Fuegos, Island of Youth, Pinar del Rio, Sancti Spiritus, Villa Clara and Matanzas.
Over 160,000 people had to be evacuated and four deaths have been reported. The hurricane destroyed homes, blew off many roofs and caused considerable damage to electrical generators, industrial centres and agricultural areas.
At 11:00 hrs on 11 October heavy rains began to fall on the Island of Youth (Isla de la Juventud) and along the western coast of Cuba. In 24 hours, 49 of 79 water reservoirs in the provinces of Matanzas, Ciego de Avila, Havana and Sancti Spiritus overflowed and 162,664 persons had to be evacuated from the danger zones, of which 21,602 were housed in temporary shelters and the remainder with family or friends. Over 3,000 homes were affected of which 224 were destroyed and 2,870 sustained damages to their roofs and walls. 144 factories and 26 agricultural installations suffered partial damage. Electricity was cut off and communications were interrupted. Three hospitals and one health clinic were damaged. 20 schools were damaged of which six were totally destroyed. Damage to agricultural areas is still being evaluated.
The Response so far
The government and Civil Defence authorities have been providing assistance to those evacuated to the temporary shelters and have carried out damage assessments in the affected areas.
Red Cross/Red Crescent Action
The Cuban Red Cross (CRC) mustered 4,162 trained volunteers to assist with rescue efforts and evacuation of the population in the worst affected areas. The Red Cross also informed the population on preventative actions to be taken in case of a hurricane and how to cope in the aftermath. First aid has been provided where needed and volunteers continue to bring assistance to people in areas difficult to access.
The Cuban Red Cross has been co-ordinating with Civil Defence authorities in evaluating the damage in the affected provinces, removing fallen trees from roads, and assisting with blood collection activities. Tracing activities are underway in addition to the clearing of debris.
The Federation's Regional Delegation in Santo Domingo has been in contact with the Cuban Red Cross via HF-radio, telephone and e-mail. The Regional Delegation sent a Disaster Preparedness Delegate to carry out with the National Society the damage assessment. The results showed a smaller scale of disaster needs: from the initial 8 affected provinces, only 5 were considered to be still in need of assistance. While the government is involved in emergency feeding needs in shelters, the Red Cross activities will be focus in the support of vector control, distribution of safe drinking water in shelters and rehabilitation efforts. The Federation has released CHF 200,000 from its Disaster Relief Emergency Fund (DREF) to help the Cuban Red Cross provide immediate assistance to the hurricane victims.
The Intended Operation
Assessment of Needs
The Cuban Red Cross has prioritised the provision of emergency assistance to victims evacuated to shelters, namely providing first aid, distributing drinking water to evacuees and providing sanitation support in shelters.
A Disaster Preparedness Delegate from the Regional Delegation supported the Cuban Red Cross (CRC) needs assessment as well as helped the CRC develop this emergency appeal. After the assessment, the results showed that there is no need for food assistance for the evacuees living in shelters However, it is clear that this relief operation is going to be in the area of rehabilitation of the housing stock, especially for those families who were previously living in areas that are vulnerable to flooding and storm surges. Many of these families lost everything. In some communities of the 5 most affected provinces almost all zinc roofing sheets were lost in the storm and many partially damages homes are in need of repair. These affected families also are require drinking water, bedding supplies, kitchen sets and hygienic kits, as well as zinc roofs and construction material to repair their houses. Also, the National Society does not have sufficient relief and office equipment to ensure proper support for this operation.
The most urgent needs are to provide emergency relief assistance and rehabilitation support to 3,000 families (12.000 persons) currently accommodated in shelters in the 5 most affected provinces. Personal hygiene articles, clothing, medical assistance, water containers and general sanitation are also pressing needs for the next two months. Ponchos and boots are needed for the Red Cross volunteers.
Red Cross Objectives
- to assist with providing medical and first aid assistance to the sick and injured who are in the shelters;
- to assist people in shelters by providing safe drinking water, hygiene articles and bedding;
- to provide basic equipment to the volunteers from those branches supporting the operation;
- To support repairs and rehabilitation of low-income housing stock for 2,000 familles in the 5 most affected provinces by providing building material: zinc roofing sheets, nails, and wood.
National Society/Federation Plan of Action
The Federation/CRC will provide basic relief items to 3,000 homeless families for a period of three months, distributed as follows: 325 families in Matanzas, 600 families in Villa Clara, 1,175 families in Ciudad Habana, 400 families in Sancti Spiritus, and 500 families in La Habana
Capacity of the National Society
The present operation is significantly less that past relief operation carried out by the National Society; these include Hurricane Lili in 1996 and Hurricane Georges in 1998. The Cuba Red Cross therefore has both manpower and expertise to conduct this operation. It is not expected that this operation will place excessive strain on National Society.
Present Capacity of the Federation in the Caribbean Region
The Federation through the Regional Delegation in Santo Domingo is capable of providing long term support to the National Society in the form of temporary delegates from the region and the Regional Delegation. Volunteers and staff trained under the regional disaster preparedness programme are able to provide support in emergency operations management, damage and needs assessment, logistic, relief distribution and other associated areas. Regionally over twenty persons from twelve National Societies have been trained in these areas, and many have called in offering their service
Monitoring visits will be conducted by the Regional Delegation at specific periods to ensure that programmed activities are proceeding according to plan.
See Annex 1 for details
Hurricane Irene has left thousands homeless, as well as causing severe damage to the infrastructure, industrial, and agricultural sectors of Cuba. This Appeal has been developed on the basis of evaluations carried out by the Cuban Red Cross in the affected provinces together with the Regional Delegation to provide immediate assistance to over 12,000 people accommodated in shelters.
Under Secretary General,
Disaster Response & Operations Coordination | <urn:uuid:470a7ba9-d944-41a0-9242-28b335fc127b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://reliefweb.int/report/cuba/cuba-hurricane-irene-appeal-no-2799-0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.954365 | 1,606 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Survey: Nearly half of teachers would quit now for higher-paying job
They may be smiling, America, but your public school teachers are a frustrated bunch.
About six in 10 are losing enthusiasm for the job, and just as many say they spend too much time prepping students for state-mandated tests. Nearly half say they’d quit teaching now if they could find a higher-paying job.
The grim findings come from a wide-ranging survey of K-12 public school teachers released Thursday by the Washington, D.C.-based Center on Education Policy, a centrist think tank. Maria Ferguson, executive director for the center, said the results show teachers are “constantly feeling yanked in a million different directions.”
In all, 3,328 teachers completed the 67-question online survey last fall. Among the findings:
- 62% of teachers say they spend too much time prepping students for state-mandated tests.
- 81% of teachers say students spend too much time taking those tests.
- 60% of teachers say they “don’t seem to have as much enthusiasm now” as when they started teaching.
While 64% say they like their school and are part of “a satisfied group” of teachers, 49% say the stress and disappointments “aren’t really worth it.” And 49% also say they’d leave teaching “as soon as possible” if they could find a higher-paying job.
Some even share similar feelings as their students: 42% of teachers agreed with the statement “I think about staying home from school because I am just too tired to go.”
Frustration with standardized testing apparently goes all the way to the top. In her application to become the 2016 National Teacher of the Year, Jahana Hayes, a Waterbury, Conn., high school history teacher honored Tuesday by President Obama at the White House, said keeping schools accountable through tests is important. But students “should be able to articulate what they have learned in innovative and creative ways” such as performance tasks and portfolios, she added.
“Every day I see students who are increasingly frustrated because they are excellent students who are productive and active in the school community, yet this may not translate in their standardized test scores,” she wrote.
Hayes added, “The push for accountability measures forces teachers to focus on teaching to tests and often overlooks the various contributions students and teachers are making in society.”
Recently appointed U.S. Education Secretary John King said in recent speeches that No Child Left Behind, the federal education law aimed at improving students’ math and reading skills, has robbed kids of a full, rich, well-rounded education in many instances.
“I think we have to acknowledge that at times, particularly over the last few years, the conversation about English and math, and closing the gaps in English and math, has led some to make the mistaken conclusion that what we need to do to close those gaps is to do less science, less social studies, less of the arts, socio-emotional learning, less time on world languages — and that’s exactly backwards,” he said last week.
Students with strong experiences in the arts, King said, “are going to do better as readers. They’re going to do better in math, they’re going to do better across the disciplines.”
Ferguson said teachers in the survey “were very clear about the things they were vexed by,” including poor leadership, not enough time to teach all the content that’s required — and too much testing.
At the same time, she said, most teachers understand the importance of higher standards and are “very enthusiastic about them.” In fact, she said, many teachers don’t think their schools are emphasizing those standards enough.
“They’re clearly frustrated and they’re clearly feeling overwrought and asked to do a lot,” Ferguson said. “But they’re doing what they always do: They’re putting their head down and moving forward.”
The survey results are available on the Center on Education Policy's website.
Follow Greg Toppo on Twitter: @gtoppo | <urn:uuid:3ba59bd5-7072-47ad-b719-3d62d1d5475e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2016/05/05/nearly-half-teachers-would-quit-now-higher-paying-job/83975714/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.972417 | 900 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Amber Elizabeth Gray traveled through post-genocide Rwanda in 1994 on a mission to assess the long-term damage to public health shortly after the country-wide massacre . During the trip, Gray and colleagues came upon a village in northeastern Rwanda that was pretty much wiped out, she said.
A public health specialist focused on international trauma, Gray was pondering a career switch when an impromptu gathering inspired her.
As adult villagers lay in a wrecked health clinic, children tried to make sure Gray and her colleagues knew where to avoid dangerous landmines. The children enthusiastically gathered shards of whatever they could make sound with -- old cans, fragments of things -- and did a welcome song and dance, Gray said. She had found her new career: dance therapy.
Dance therapists, also called movement therapists, use the body's movement as a door to mental and physical health in a variety of settings, including hospitals, nursing homes and veteran centers. Dance therapy is growing - the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that the number of therapists will increase by 15 percent by 2018. Yet as the field grows, experts disagree on whether dance therapy helps patients recover from injuries or illness.
Researchers reported that dance therapy had no effect on improving body image in cancer patients in a 2011 study. However, a study with 27 breast cancer survivors concluded that physical and psychological health improved after a 24-week program of traditional Greek dancing and upper-body training. Still, the American Medical Association has no position on dance therapy, and even the American Dance Therapy Association (ADTA) says more research is needed to legitimize it. That's an area that our association is focusing on, ADTA spokeswoman Christina Devereaux said.
Some of the increased interest in dance therapy comes, in part, from the wider exposure dance now receives from television programs such as Dancing with the Stars and So You Think You Can Dance.
We're getting a lot more interest from people in high school as well as people in college, dance therapist Donna Newman-Bluestein said. Newman-Bluestein invented the Octaband, a prop used in dance therapy.
Licensing for dance/movement therapy occurs at the state level, Devereaux said, and each state determines its own rules and regulations. The state of New York offers a license for creative arts therapists, and this includes dance therapists.
As the field grows into its own, outside organizations are noticing dance and movement as possible tools in a doctor's bag.
Dance therapy provides aerobic exercise with its cardiovascular and metabolic benefits and can help with range of motion/flexibility and balance, Ted Gansler, director of medical content for the American Cancer Society, stated in an email. Also, dance therapy can have social and emotional benefits as it is often done in a group setting, and can be a way for participants to express their feelings in a creative way. Dance therapy is one of several movement-related complementary therapies for cancer survivors to consider, but of course, should not be used as an alternative to conventional treatment.
Students who pursue studies in this field are aware of the challenges they face, both as aspiring professionals and as therapists. Diana Seabra, 26, is pursuing a Master's degree in dance therapy from the Pratt Institute. She noted that dance therapy may disappoint trainees hoping for a career focused on dance.
You can't come to this field to fulfill your need to be a dancer, Seabra said. It's not about that. If you go with that you won't be a good therapist.
Seabra realizes how dance therapy may be undermined by more clinical professions, where medical symptoms and treatments are more concrete.
Dance therapy is not that way and you need more time, and you need the process, she said. You have to see to believe it, and you have to do to believe it. I feel like it's a field that we have to fight for.
Nancy Koprak, a dance therapist for more than 20 years at the Maimonides Medical Center, said she was lucky in her experience. Maimonides was unusual because administrators took creative arts therapy seriously and respected the therapists, said Koprak, who retired earlier this year.
I always felt safe, she said. That's extremely important because you're working with people you don't know.
Dance therapy sessions vary depending on the patients, their needs and the environment. Koprak's training provided her with five parts to a group dance therapy session: warm-up, release, theme, centering, and closure. Therapy sessions typically begin and end in a circle. The warm-up includes a social component, Koprak said, giving the group a chance to learn about each other. Release consists of very fast motions, such as laughter, which can reduce tension. The theme part of a session can involve a topic such as body image or role-playing, Koprak said.
In general, the therapist should be sensitive to the needs of the participants and not be choosing themes randomly, she wrote in an email. Next, centering brings the group back to the center of the room, and closure consists of thanking people for being in the group and talking about what will happen next. Koprak noted that dance therapy pioneer Marian Chace had the idea of a dance therapy session having warm-up, theme and closure components, while another dance pioneer, Marcia Leventhal, added the release and centering components.
So can one get a job in dance therapy? Can people in this field afford to feed themselves? Newman-Bluestein hears these questions from younger people interested in the profession. She noted that while there are opportunities for this kind of work, dance therapists also need to be good salespeople.
We still have to create the job, Newman-Bluestein said, adding that networking and having the support of other dance therapists can be a huge help.
Seabra is aware of the job market challenge. I feel that in our field we have to be creative to find our jobs, she said. Seabra has big plans for her degree: she wants to bring dance therapy to her native Portugal. But for now I really want to take this chance to learn and to be the best therapist that I can so when I go to Portugal I can introduce this field, she said.
Since her epiphany in 1994, dance therapist Gray has worked with torture victims worldwide in areas as diverse as the Caribbean and the Middle East. I learned how carefully and judiciously this work has to be used with people whose bodies have been violated, she said.
Gray wrote of her professional experiences and the broader movement of using arts as a means of therapy in the journal Torture in 2011.
For many cultures where the creative process is included in ritual, healing and daily life, (dance/movement therapy) may be more appropriate than conventional talk therapy, she concluded.
Like other dance therapists, Gray believes dance therapy should be taken more seriously by the medical community.
You can't afford to ignore this kind of work anymore, she said. | <urn:uuid:d7c593d6-5648-4eb6-bc96-ea8c8116437a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ibtimes.com/dance-therapy-profession-its-own-rhythm-372020 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280899.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00575-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970344 | 1,447 | 2.328125 | 2 |
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By the 1950s, the world was trilby-deep in what W. H. Auden famously called
The Age of Anxiety. The Cold War was nearing its icy pinnacle, and the McCarthy witch hunts were in full force. Less than a decade earlier, Hiroshima and Nagasaki had been destroyed by two atomic bombs, an international arms race was off the mark, and the shadow of Hitler still loomed over Europe.
But then, imperial colonialism was dissolving, too – and with it the pain felt by its victims began to emerge into the mainstream. There was an economic boom, a baby boom, and the voice the Civil Rights movement also began to boom. Plus, people were finally starting to talk about sex.
Of course, like all major cultural shifts, all this was reflected in literature. So, from Doris Lessing to J. D. Salinger, Ralph Ellison to Dodie Smith, here are 20 great books that helped define the 1950s.
by Doris Lessing (1950) The Grass is Singing
Doris Lessing won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2007, judges described her as "that epicist of the female experience, who with skepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilization to scrutiny."
All that began with the
Grass is Singing (included in this audiobook collection, left), her first novel, about the complex relationship between a white farmer's wife and her black servant in apartheid Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). The book caused a sensation on publication, and lead in 1956 to the governments of both Southern Rhodesia and South Africa declaring her a “prohibited alien”.
The story follows Mary, a spirited, independent-minded young woman who becomes the down-trodden wife of a hapless farmer she doesn't love. But when a mysterious Black farmhand called Moses arrives at the farm, she falls down a rabbit hole of attraction and repulsion, at first treating him with the contempt colonial society had taught her, before starting the fall for the man he is.
by J. D. Salinger (1951) The Catcher in the Rye
Holden Cauldfield needs no introduction. Love, quite like, or loathe him, he has for almost 70 years been the universal voice of teenage angst and rebellion. A 17-year-old New Yorker with a problem with authority, he does a bunk from school and sets out in search of some spiritual truth as he rails against the 'phoniness' of adult life. Yes, he's a prodigious worrier, a whiner, an alienated egotist with nothing but rage for the machine. But isn't that what being a teenager is mostly about?
“[By the late 1950s} it had become the book all brooding adolescents had to buy,” wrote British critic and author Ian Hamilton, “the indispensable manual from which cool styles of disaffectation could be borrowed.”
In other words, for many teenagers in the 1950s, Cauldfield held up a mirror, giving a voice to what most adolescents – the sensitive, self-reflective ones, at least – thought but hadn't yet worked out how to say. And time hasn't sanded down its edge. It has since sold more than
65 million copies and become such a sensation that the 1950s were dubbed in literary circles as “the decade of Salinger”.
"It caused tremors when it came out – a novel of self-exposure and lesbian love in an era that had little patience for either."
, later published as The Price of Salt Carol, by Patricia Highsmith (1952)
“Prior to this book,”
wrote Patricia Highsmith in 2015, “homosexuals male and female in American novels had had to pay for their deviation by cutting their wrists, drowning themselves in a swimming pool, or by switching to heterosexuality … or by collapsing – alone and miserable and shunned – into a depression equal to hell.”
All that changed with
The Price of Salt – the first mainstream novel about a lesbian affair... with a happy ending. It is, in short, a love story between a ennui-crippled 19-year-old girl, Therese, and an older woman, wife and mother called Carol. After meeting in the department store where Therese works, sparks fly and soon they're on the run together. In each others arms, their loneliness drains away.
It caused tremors when it came out – a novel of self-exposure (it was heavily semi-autobiographical) and lesbian love in an era that had little patience for either.
And while Highsmith is perhaps better known for two of the six other novels she wrote during the 1950s –
(1950) and Strangers on a Train (1955) – “Salt” was part of a vanguard of 50s literature leading homosexuality into the sunlight. The Talented Mr. Ripley
by Ralph Ellison (1952) Invisible Man
"I am an invisible man. No, I am not a spook like those who haunted Edgar Allan Poe; nor am I one of your Hollywood-movie ectoplasms. I am a man of substance, of flesh and bone, fiber and liquids – and I might even be said to possess a mind. I am invisible, understand, simply because people refuse to see me . . ."
Ralph Ellison's masterpiece of race-rage literature, about an unnamed black man grappling with a world that won't accept him, and with what Ellison called 'the beautiful absurdity' of modern identity.
Few novels have had such a profound impact on racial politics in America than this. “No one interested in books by or about American Negroes should miss it, ” wrote the
New York Times in 1952. “[It] is far more than a race novel, or even a bildungsroman,” wrote Lev Grossman in . “It’s the quintessential American picaresque of the 20th century.” TIME
Dark, defiant, and uproariously funny, it rang out like a wolf's howl for disenfranchised black Americans who still felt ignored by mainstream culture. And it remains one of the most important works of fiction of the 20th century, has been read by millions, is still studied in schools, and established Ellison as an American literary giant.
by Mary Norton (1952) The Borrowers
"I am a fits and starts writer,"
Mary Norton said once. "And love just living - unless some wonderful idea suddenly appears."
The Borrowers – a story of a family of tiny people who live in the homes of normal-sized humans, own nothing, share everything and “borrow” whatever they need from the humans upstairs. They use cotton reels as chairs, wooden spoons as boat paddles, stamps as wall pictures and coins as plates.
The book was an instant triumph upon its release in 1952, winning Norton the Library Association's prestigious Carnegie Medal for the best children's book of that year. It has enraptured adults and children alike ever since (thanks in part to at least four adaptations in film and TV), providing children with a perfectly valid reason why small household objects go missing.
Its genius was met with adulation across the Atlantic, too, described in the
New York Times as "a charming story, beautifully written," reminiscent of " Alice in Wonderland" and " The Wind in the Willows."
by James Baldwin (1953) Go Tell it on the Mountain
The 1950s was the decade
James Baldwin launched himself as the civil rights movement's loudest literary voice. He published all three of his most famous works during that time – Got Tell it on the Mountain, and Notes of a Native Son . All three were defining books of the decade, but we've chosen Giovanni's Room Go Tell It on the Mountain because it was his first novel, and signalled the moment Baldwin set out his stall as America's defender-in-chief of black identity in the 1950s.
Based in part on Baldwin's own childhood in Harlem, it tracks a day in the life of 14-year-old John Grimes, the son of a fire-and-brimstone preacher, as he tussles with his developing sexual awareness under the crushing weight of Christian guilt. “Judicious men in their chairs may explain the sociology of guilt, and so explain Negro religion away,” wrote the
New York Times in 1953. “Mr. Baldwin will not have it away. In this beautiful, furious first novel, there are no such reductions.”
Beginning with this, the seismic impact Baldwin had on the race debate in the 50s was best summarised by author Maya Angelou when she
wrote in 1987: “[Baldwin] burned with a righteous indignation over the paucity of kindness, the absence of love and the crippling hypocrisy he saw in the streets of the United States and sensed in the hearts of his fellow citizens.”
“There are worse crimes than burning books. One of them is not reading them.”
by Ray Bradbury (1953) Fahrenheit 451
By 1953, the future, for many, looked bleak. It wasn't just the Cold War, memories of Hitler and McCarthyite oppression that sowed fear.
Ray Bradbury, there was something else: the invasion of black-and-white television in people's homes. So he wrote Fahrenheit 451, about a dystopian future America where books are banned, and firemen burn them, and people are entertained by staring at giant wall screens in their homes, day and night. To him, TV was the new opiate of the masses. Reading was dying, and with it critical thinking. “There are worse crimes than burning books,” Bradbury once said. “One of them is not reading them.”
Fahrenheit 451 was a smash hit. The influential science fiction writer August Derleth called it, "a savage and shockingly prophetic view of one possible future way of life." While another, Groff Conklin, said it was "among the great works of the imagination written in English in the last decade or more."
by Francoise Sagan (1954) Bonjour Tristesse
Francoise Sagan was a hedonistic, tomboy beauty who drove racing cars barefoot and took so many drugs that her pet dog allegedly overdosed from sniffing her handkerchiefs. She lived to shock.
It started when she was just 18, with the sensational publication of her novel
Bonjour Tristesse. Saucy, seductive and scandalously “amoral”, it was her heroine Cecile – a teenage wild child who thinks, drinks and likes sex – that jammed in the throats of polite society on both sides of the Channel, and the Atlantic. “A vulgar, sad little book," harrumphed The Spectator. And that's precisely why, within the first two years of publication, more than 350,000 copies were sold in France alone.
The story follows Cecile and her widowed playboy dad, Raymond, across one fateful summer holiday on the French Riviera. He brings his young mistress, while Cecile meets the young man of her dreams. But when an old female friend of Raymond's arrives, the status quo is shattered, setting in motion a chain of events that seem sure to end in tragedy.
In the years before the sexual liberation of the 1960s, writing stories about confident young women, unbound by the lopsided moral codes of patriarchy, was deliciously eyebrow-hoiking. Speaking of the book's controversy many years later, Sagan said, “It was unacceptable … that a young girl should have the right to use her body as she will, and derive pleasure from it without incurring a penalty."
by J. R. R. Tolkien (1954 - 1956) The Lord of the Rings Trilogy
Seventeen years after J. R. R. Tolkien dispatched
The Hobbit on the warpath to conquer the epic fantasy genre, he sent The Fellowship of the Ring to finish the job. It laid waste to every fantasy novel written before. “ The Fellowship of the Ring is like lightning from a clear sky,” gushed Narnia creator C. S. Lewis. “Here are beauties which pierce like swords or burn like cold iron; here is a book that will break your heart.”
The Hobbit had already made a strong case for fantasy fiction as an adult pursuit, but the
The Fellowship of the Ring, soon followed by The Two Towers and The Return of the King, cast it in iron. Almost no other book of any genre has had a greater impact on popular culture than Tolkien's epic trilogy - one of the first stories to break out of the Sci-Fi ghetto into ‘mainstream literature’.
As W. H. Auden wrote in 1954: "The demands made on the writer's powers in an epic as long as
The Lord of the Rings are enormous and increase as the tale proceeds – the battles have to get more spectacular, the situations more critical, the adventures more thrilling – but I can only say that Mr Tolkien has proved equal to them".
by Dodie Smith (1956) The Hundred and One Dalmatians
We've all seen the Disney film; we all know the story: two dogs called Pongo and Missis have puppies and life is wonderful. Wonderful, that is, until the dastardly Cruella de Vil snatches the litter to make a spotted fur coat. So, using a terrifyingly sophisticated dog-bark messaging network, they leave their cosy lives behind to rescue their brood.
The film is a classic. But
Dodie Smith's novel upon which it is based, is far sweeter, far scarier, far richer and a whole lot funnier than its animated adaptation. For a start, in Smith's story, dog brains are bigger than human ones. “Like many other much-loved humans, they believed they owned their dogs, instead of realising that their dogs owned them,” writes Smith, who owned nine Dalmatians herself. “Pongo and Missis found this touching and amusing and let their pets think it was true.”
It was an instant hit. A decade after the Second World War had ended, the world was still reeling from its horrors. And not only was it the ultimate feelgood story, but it described a world where animals, not humans, ran the show. Which is to say: a world war could never have happened on Pongo and Missis' watch.
Books that defined the 1940s
Books that defined the 1930s
by Ayn Rand (1957) Atlas Shrugged
How many novels can you think of that have inspired a dating site for its fans? That's the impact
Ayn Rand's theories on objectivism and self-interest have had on modern thought and identity today (she's Donald Trump's favourite author).
The Atlasphere, where Rand fans can find their soulmates through a shared belief in "man as a heroic being, with his own happiness as the moral purpose of his life."
The enduring success of
Atlas Shrugged is dizzying. Essentially a 1,200-page love-letter to hard-core capitalism, it portrays a dystopian America where captains of industry grapple against suffocating governmental regulation until they all go on strike, bringing the world's economy to its knees.
Three decades later, the Ayn Rand Institute was established to promote her ideas, and in 1991 a survey by the Library of Congress
named Atlas Shrugged as the most influential book in the US, after the Bible.
She may not be everyone's cup of Tea-party politics, but Rand's influence on right-wing political thought is indelible.
“Children are going to have the exciting experience of learning that they can read after all"
by Dr. Seuss (1957) The Cat in the Hat
By the 1950s, America had tumbled into a literacy crisis. "Why can't Johnny read?” worried the headline of a
Life magazine article by the writer John Hersey. Children, it was thought, were reading too many comic books and not enough book-books. The problem? Books in schools (known as “Dick and Jane Primers”) were too boring.
Enter Theodor Geisel, aka
Dr. Seuss, and his story of a home invasion. With the decision to put one picture per page, he conjured The Cat in the Hat from a vocabulary list of 240 words.
It's about an anthropomorphic cat who appears at the home of two children while their mother is out. With his two pals, Thing One and Thing Two, he wows them with games and tricks, trashing the house to the chagrin of a sentient goldfish.
The reviews frothed with praise. “Parents and teachers will bless Mr. Geisel for this amusing reader with its ridiculous and lively drawings,” cooed a typical review in the
Saturday Review, “for their children are going to have the exciting experience of learning that they can read after all."
by Jack Kerouac (1957) On The Road
On the Road is the most beautifully executed, the clearest and the most important utterance yet made by the generation Kerouac himself named years ago as 'beat,' and whose principal avatar he is,” wrote the New York Times in 1957.
As the world sunk deeper into Auden's
Age of Anxiety, On The Road became a blueprint for a generation desperate for a sense of place in a fast-changing world. "It changed my life like it changed everyone else's," Bob Dylan would say many years later.
Set against a backdrop of jazz, poetry, and drug use,
Jack Kerouac's semi-autobiographical tale of two young men's exhilarating road trip back and forth across the United States tapped into the romance of a life on the open road. Rich with hedonistic adventures, riding freight trains, hanging out with hobos, and drinking red wine under the moon, it became the very definition of a youthful lust for life.
“The Beat literary movement came at exactly the right time and said something that millions of people all over the world were waiting to hear,” William Burroughs later wrote. “The alienation, the restlessness, the dissatisfaction were already there waiting when Kerouac pointed out the road.'
by Chinua Achebe (1958) Things Fall Apart
This towering tour de force,
according to philosopher Kwame Anthony Appiah, “defined a starting point for the modern African novel.” More than any that came before, Appiah wrote, “he found a way to represent for a global Anglophone audience the diction of his Igbo homeland, allowing readers of English elsewhere to experience a particular relationship to language and the world in a way that made it seem quite natural – transparent.”
Published a year after Ghana became the first African nation to gain independence from colonial rule,
Chinua Achebe's debut novel opens at the start of this awful chapter of African history.
Life for the village in which wrestler, warrior and narrator Okonwo lives has barely changed in hundreds of years – a brutal, violent life borne out of hardship. But when the English show up with their Bibles, laws and guns, the village's culture and customs begin to dissolve into the past.
What follows is the story of one man's efforts to protect his community from the onslaught of European colonialism. “One of the first works of fiction to present African village life from an African perspective,” wrote the
New Yorker in 2008, “Achebe began the literary reclamation of his country’s history from generations of colonial writers.”
by Boris Pasternak (1957, first English translation 1958) Doctor Zhivago
Rarely does the publication of a book cause an international squabble. But when
Boris Pasternak had the manuscript of Doctor Zhivago smuggled out of Soviet Russia, he quipped to his new Italian publisher, "You are hereby invited to watch me face the firing squad.”
At face value,
Doctor Zhivago is an epic love story about the life and romances of a poet-physician caught up in the turmoil of the Russian Revolution of 1917. But between the lines it was also a truth-to-power takedown of the Soviet Union's glossy version of recent Russian history, pulling no punches in calling out the brutality of the Bolshevik regime. The Soviets were enraged, with one state-run newspaper calling it, “artistically squalid, malicious work replete with hatred of Socialism.”
The CIA, on the other hand, saw a Cold War cultural weapon too good to miss, and allegedly even leaned on the Nobel Prize committee to give Pasternak the prize, which they did in 1958. Yet, under pressure from his Soviet honchos, he reluctantly turned it down and returned to his homeland a broken man. Still, his novel remains one of the great events of global literary history.
by Truman Capote (1958) Breakfast at Tiffany’s
Holly Golightly isn't just one of
Truman Capote's greatest creations, she is one of the greatest heroines of modern literature. She's a Cinderella, really – a young girl who escapes a bleak adolescence and transforms herself through the sheer force of her aspiration. Only, this Cinderella might not live happily ever after. It's never quite clear.
She is one of those few literary characters who no longer just exists between the pages of her book. Rather, from the moment Capote birthed her, she became an icon of modern Western womanhood.
There were plenty of New York it-girls who claimed to have inspired the inveterate partygirl of New York's burgeoning 50s social scene, but – in the words of Capote’s biographer Gerald Clarke – “the one Holly most resembles, in spirit if not in body, is her creator”.
As for Capote himself, it was
Norman Mailer who summed up his influence on the 1950s literary scene, when he called him, “a ballsy little guy and … the most perfect writer of my generation, he writes the best sentences, word for word, rhythm upon rhythm.”
by Shirley Jackson (1959) The Haunting of Hill House
Houses aren't haunted, people are. That was the idea behind
Shirley Jackson's groundbreaking ghost story that effectively redefined the psychological horror genre. And The Haunting of Hill House is now widely considered to be the greatest haunted-house story ever written.
It centres on paranormal investigator Dr John Montague and his carefully picked team of ghost hunters as they stay in the eponymous old house (“a place of contained ill will”) to prove the existence of supernatural forces. Soon, writing begins appearing on walls, things go bump in the night as spectral forces grab them in the dark, leading them deeper towards a creeping, terrifying truth.
It is a book that British horror titan Ramsey Campbell called “the greatest of all haunted house novels, and arguably the greatest novel of the supernatural”. Stephen King called it one of two “great supernatural novels” of the last century (The other is
.) The Turn of the Screw
And its impact on the horror genre – both in 1959 and now – cannot be overstated. As Joe Hill – the author and son of Stephen King –
remarked: “In the story, the house toys with the minds of our heroes just like the cat with the mouse: with a fascinated, joyful cruelty. Nothing is more terrifying than being betrayed by your own senses and psyche.”
by Iris Murdoch (1954) Under The Net
Iris Murdoch's first novel (of 27!), marking the emergence of one of the most fearless, caustic, passionate and brilliantly funny writers of the 20th century. “The scope of her vision,” wrote New York Times critic Dwight Garner in 2019, “makes you feel, when you are close to her fiction, that you have glimpsed the sublime – that you have swum very near to a whale.”
Under the Net tells the story of Jake Donaghue, an intelligent, likeable and terminally skint young drifter who makes his money through translation work and mooching off his friends.
So, in a bid to take charge of his runaway life, he goes on an absurd odyssey of self-discovery, meeting left-wing political leaders, a high-flying bookmaker, glamorous actresses, mime artists; he skinny dips in the Thames, pops over to Paris and kidnaps a celebrity dog.
But far more than just a comic masterpiece,
Under the Net dances with Murdoch's complex ideas on love, philosophy, politics and the art of writing. As TIME's Richard Lacayo put it: “Right out of the gate [Murdoch] displayed all her sinuous gifts — her questing mind, her comic skepticism, her wildly entangled plots.”
by William S. Burroughs (1959) Naked Lunch
This taboo-shattering masterpiece follows Bill Lee, junkie, dreamer, sex-fiend, cop-killer, as he bounces through time and space – from Mexico City to New York to Tangiers – in the gurning pursuit of his next fix. It is, at its core, a portrait of addiction (what
Burroughs called “the algebra of need”). But it's also about sexual depravity, paranoia, and existential ennui.
It also tapped into a malaise that Burroughs believed was sweeping 1950s America – the strangulation of freedom in all its forms. It challenged sexual censorship, McCarthyite anti-communism, consumerism, racism, homophobia and political corruption. ''I do definitely mean what I say to be taken literally, yes, to make people aware of the true criminality of our times, to wise up to the marks,'' Burroughs
said in 1970. “All of my work is directed against those who are bent, through stupidity or design, on blowing up the planet or rendering it uninhabitable."
Naked Lunch was so eye-meltingly explicit in its descriptions of sex and drug use that at first no American publisher would touch it. So he took it to Paris where the storm began. By 1965, it was the subject of an obscenity trial in the US, which – after testimonies from such literary heavyweights as Allen Ginsberg and Norman Mailer – was ultimately overturned. That verdict, in short, was a landmark moment in American literature, removing the bar for sexually explicit material in books. | <urn:uuid:9f2f042c-656d-4088-b123-f62373422e12> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.penguin.co.uk/articles/2020/07/books-that-shaped-1950s | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.966054 | 5,654 | 2.65625 | 3 |
|Year : 2013 | Volume
| Issue : 1 | Page : 25-31
Trichomoniasis: How do we diagnose in a resource poor setting?
R Sivaranjini1, TJ Jaisankar1, Devinder Mohan Thappa1, Rashmi Kumari1, Laxmisha Chandrasekhar1, M Malathi1, Subhash Chandra Parija2, Syed Habeebullah3
1 Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Leprosy, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
2 Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
|Date of Web Publication||4-Jun-2013|
Devinder Mohan Thappa
Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Venereology and Leprosy, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducheery - 605 006
Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
| Abstract|| |
Background: Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis vaginalis infection based solely on clinical symptoms and signs is unreliable because the spectrum of infection is broad and other sexually transmitted pathogens cause similar signs and symptoms. Aims: Our study was undertaken to study the frequency of T. vaginalis infection in women presenting with vaginal discharge, to characterize the clinical features, and to study the sensitivity and specificity of microbiological investigations in the diagnosis of the same. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based descriptive study done on 400 female patients with vaginal discharge attending the Gynecology out-patient department (OPD) of JIPMER, Puducherry, from May 2010 to July 2011. Women of age between 20 years and 50 years presenting with vaginal discharge irrespective of marital status, were included, and detailed history was elicited and thorough examination was performed. Results: In 400 women presenting with vaginal discharge from Gynecology out-patient department (OPD) included in the study, T. vaginalis infection was found in 27 (6.75%) women. The risk factors for trichomoniasis included history of pre- or extramarital sexual contact in the woman or her partner, symptomatic partner, and alcohol consumption. A positive association with pelvic inflammatory disease was also observed. The most frequent symptoms included lower abdominal pain, dysuria, and dyspareunia. Combining of Whiff test, pH > 4.5, and pus cells in Gram-stained smear, the specificity in diagnosing the infection (97.3%) approached that of the reference standard, i.e., culture. On combining wet mount with Papanicolaou smear, the sensitivity increased to 92.6%, which was higher than that individually done. Conclusion: To conclude, diagnosis of T. vaginalis infection based solely on clinical symptoms and signs is unreliable, and combination of simple laboratory tests increases the diagnostic performance close to the reference standard (culture), especially in resource poor settings.
Keywords: Culture, Papanicolaou smear, Trichomonas vaginalis, vaginal discharge, wet mount
|How to cite this article:|
Sivaranjini R, Jaisankar T J, Thappa DM, Kumari R, Chandrasekhar L, Malathi M, Parija SC, Habeebullah S. Trichomoniasis: How do we diagnose in a resource poor setting?. Indian J Sex Transm Dis 2013;34:25-31
|How to cite this URL:|
Sivaranjini R, Jaisankar T J, Thappa DM, Kumari R, Chandrasekhar L, Malathi M, Parija SC, Habeebullah S. Trichomoniasis: How do we diagnose in a resource poor setting?. Indian J Sex Transm Dis [serial online] 2013 [cited 2022 Aug 16];34:25-31. Available from: https://www.ijstd.org/text.asp?2013/34/1/25/112866
| Introduction|| |
Trichomoniasis, caused by parasitic protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection (STI). Diagnosis of T. vaginalis infection based solely on clinical symptoms and signs is unreliable because the spectrum of infection is broad and other sexually transmitted pathogens cause similar signs and symptoms. Therefore, the laboratory plays a key role in the diagnosis of this infection; and more so, it is compelling to identify T. vaginalis infection reliably in resource poor settings with the readily available tests. The present study was proposed to address these issues. Our study was undertaken to study the frequency of T. vaginalis infection in women presenting with vaginal discharge, to characterize the clinical features, and to study the sensitivity and specificity of microbiological investigations in the diagnosis of the same.
| Materials and Methods|| |
This was a hospital-based descriptive study done on 400 female patients with vaginal discharge attending the Gynecology out-patient department (OPD) of JIPMER, Puducherry, from May 2010 to July 2011. The Institute Ethics Committee clearance was obtained and informed consent was taken from the recruited women. Women of age between 20 years and 50 years presenting with vaginal discharge, irrespective of marital status, were included, and detailed history was elicited and thorough examination was performed. Women who had used antibiotics or vaginal medication in the previous 14 days and pregnant women were excluded from the study.
The vaginal pH was measured and a sterile cotton swab was used to collect five samples of vaginal discharge from the posterior fornix under direct vision. In virgins, the specimen was obtained from the introitus. The Papanicolaou smears ( Pap smear More Detailss) were taken and a bimanual examination was done in all, except in virgins, to look for adnexal tenderness. The first swab was subjected immediately to wet mount microscopy to observe for motile trichomonads under 100× and 400× magnifications. With the second sample, a 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount was prepared and Whiff test was done and the same was examined for the presence of budding yeast cells under 100× and 400× magnifications. The third sample was immediately inoculated directly and swirled into Diamond medium (Himedia labs, Mumbai, India) for T. vaginalis culture. The culture tubes with 5 ml of the broth were incubated in an anaerobic atmosphere at 35°C. The fourth sample was inoculated on to Sabouraud's dextrose agar medium for candidia culture. The fifth sample was streaked onto a microscopic slide for Gram staining to check for the presence of clue cells, yeast cells, and pus cells under 1000× magnification. Women with high-risk sexual behavior were counseled and tested for HIV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
A diagnosis of trichomoniasis was made based if the wet mount showed pear-shaped organisms with characteristic jerky movements or if the Pap smear showed blue or grey pear-shaped organisms with bright-red granules. From the culture, diagnosis was made by performing wet mounts for evidence of motile trichomonads by examining cultures after 24 h of incubation and then daily up to 7 days. Bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed based on Amsel's criteria, and a diagnosis of candidiasis was made based on positive microscopy and/or culture. A diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease was made if, in addition to the presenting symptoms of abnormal vaginal discharge and lower abdominal pain, adnexal tenderness was elicited on examination.
The data collected was tabulated in Microsoft Excel worksheet and computer-based analysis was performed using the SPSS 13.0 software (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). For comparison of means, unpaired t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for two and more groups, respectively. For comparison of proportions, Chi-square test was used. In cases where any one of cell value was <5; Fisher's exact test was used.
| Results|| |
Among the 400 women enrolled in our study, 27 (6.75%) had infection with T. vaginalis, identified by culture technique, the "reference standard," the mean age being 35.37 ± 7.66 years. Eighteen (66.6%) were positive for T. vaginalis on screening with the wet mount of vaginal discharge; 19 of 26 (73.1%) available Papanicolaou smear had evidence of trophozoites of Trichomonas. [Table 1] shows the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the abovementioned tests and the ancillary tests in the diagnosis of T. vaginalis infection. Of the 27 women with trichomoniasis, 12 (44.4%) had trichomoniasis alone and the other 15 (55.5%) had trichomoniasis with concurrent infections. Bacterial vaginosis was the most common concurrent infection with trichomoniasis with an odds ratio of 1.864 (95% confidence interval: 0.8453-4.112). The demographic and risk behavior characteristics of patients with trichomoniasis are summarized in [Table 2]. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive and negative predictive values of the various symptoms and signs are presented in [Table 3].
|Table 1: Performance of diagnostics tests for trichomoniasis (individual tests and combinations)|
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|Table 2: Demographic and risk behavior characteristics of patients with Trichomonas vaginalis infection as compared to those without infection|
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|Table 3: Diagnostic value of clinical features associated with Trichomonas vaginalis infection (N=27)|
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| Discussion|| |
T. vaginalis , a pathogenic protozoan of urogenital tract causes vaginitis in women, although a considerable proportion of infections are asymptomatic. Prevalence estimates of T. vaginalis infection varies considerably in female population around the world, depending on the population studied and techniques employed in diagnosis, ranging from 5% to 74%. , Our study, which recruited women from the Gynecology OPD revealed that 27 out of the 400 women (6.75%) with vaginal discharge had infection with T. vaginalis by culture. Amongst the South-Asian studies, the rate observed in our study was comparable with the population-based study on community prevalence of STIs and HIV infections in rural south India done by Thomas et al., which reported a prevalence of 5.25% for trichomoniasis by direct wet mount of vaginal swabs. Among mixed infections occurring with T. vaginalis, concurrent bacterial vaginosis was the most common as observed by Bhalla et al., probably because T. vaginalis alters the vaginal ecology and facilitates the development of bacterial vaginosis or women with bacterial vaginosis have lost the natural protection against genital tract infection, leading to the acquisition of STIs like T. vaginalis infection.
Unlike chlamydia and gonorrhea, the prevalence of T. vaginalis has been shown to increase with age. The increased prevalence of trichomonal infection in older women suggests longer duration of infectiousness and the predominant asymptomatic nature of infection. This was evident from our study as the mean age at presentation for women with T. vaginalis infection was 35.37 years. This was comparable with the prospective study from Srilanka by Fernando et al., who reported a mean age of 33 years.
Infection with T. vaginalis can be a marker for high-risk behavior, and the predominant asymptomatic nature of the infection underscores the need for identification of risk factors associated with the infection. Significant risk factors associated with T. vaginalis infection in our study were a history of pre/extramarital sexual contact in the women (OR = 8.250, 95% CI 2.594-26.234), husband having extramarital contact (OR = 5.916, 95% CI 2.559-13.679), a history of symptomatic partner in the form of dysuria and urethral discharge suggestive of trichomoniasis in men (OR = 6.899, 95% CI 1.974-24.110), and alcohol consumption by women (OR = 106.71, 95% CI 5.356-2126.3). Kaur et al., in their study in north India to assess the prevalence of T. vaginalis infection in symptomatic women as well as in women with carcinoma cervix and HIV infection, observed that being a housewife, belonging to the middle socioeconomic status, and non-use of contraception were significantly associated with trichomoniasis.
The signs and symptoms associated with the infection have a relatively low-positive predictive values for trichomoniasis because of the frequent occurrence of these signs and symptoms among women with other infections. , Also, Fouts et al., in their study on women attending a STI clinic in Georgia demonstrated that, if the clinical features alone were used to diagnose trichomoniasis, 88% of the infected women would be missed and 29% would be falsely indicated as having infection. In our study on women presenting with vaginal discharge, the reported symptoms had low-positive predictive values for trichomoniasis. Among the clinical signs in women with vaginal discharge, having a profuse vaginal discharge (OR = 4.426, 95% CI 1.994-9.823), malodorous discharge (OR = 3.554, 95% CI 1.507-8.381), frothy discharge (OR = 273.29, 95% CI 15.071-4955.7), and mucopurulent or purulent discharge (OR = 27.013, 95% CI 6.292-115.98) were significantly associated with trichomoniasis. Frothy discharge was observed in only 25.9% women in our study, but this was the most specific sign with a positive predictive value of 100%. Colpitis macularis was not observed in any of the women by naked eye examination in our study as colposcopy was not done on a routine basis. Women with T. vaginalis infection have a significantly higher risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) than women without trichomoniasis. Adnexal tenderness, as an evidence of PID was present in 40.7% patients, which was significantly higher than that seen in women without trichomoniasis.
The sensitivity and specificity of microscopic and cytologic examination were assessed considering culture of T. vaginalis as the "reference standard." Whiff test and pH testing are simple tests recommended in the evaluation of vaginal discharge and can be used as screening tools. , pH testing was reported to be a highly sensitive, but less specific screening tool for diagnosis of trichomoniasis. A similar finding was observed in our study, where pH of >4.5 had 100% sensitivity, but a low specificity of 41.3% in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis. Whiff test was observed to have low sensitivity (51.8%) and low specificity (78.8%) in predicting T. vaginalis infection in our study. Women with trichomoniasis have a significantly higher concentration of white blood cells in the vaginal wet mount than those without trichomoniasis. In our study, 55.6% cases with trichomoniasis had pus cells in Gram-stained smear of vaginal discharge.
In our study, we attempted to increase the specificity of these simple screening tests in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis by studying the performances of the combinations of these tests [Table 1]. pH > 4.5 had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 41.3%. On combining positive Whiff test with pH > 4.5 and including cases that were positive for both tests, the specificity was increased by two folds (78.8%). Similar finding was observed on combining pus cells in Gram-stained smear with pH > 4.5. When all three (pH > 4.5, Whiff test, pus cells in Gram-stained smear) tests were combined, the specificity (97.3%) approached to that of our reference standard diagnostic test. This offers an advantage in settings where culture is not available and where the patient may be lost to follow-up due to it being time-consuming.
The diagnosis of trichomoniasis in women is most commonly made by wet mount examination; the Papanicolaou smear represents a common, readily available cytological technique for primary screening of trichomoniasis. In our study, the sensitivity of wet mount and Papanicolaou smear was observed to be 66.7% and 76%, respectively; both being 100% specific with 100% positive predictive value in the diagnosis of T. vaginalis infection. Thus, culture of direct wet mount positive vaginal specimens may be unnecessary owing to the 100% specificity of the test. Since our study was restricted to women with symptomatic T. vaginalis infection, it is probable that these women harbored greater numbers of organisms and thus had a higher rate of positivity for wet mount. On combining wet mount with Papanicolaou smear, the sensitivity increased to 92.6%; this has an implication in resource-limited setting where culture may not be available, combining Papanicolaou smear with wet mount would help identify few more cases of trichomoniasis that would have been missed by wet mount alone. [Figure 1] shows an algorithm that can be followed for diagnosis of trichomoniasis.
|Figure 1: Algorithm for diagnosis of trichomoniasis derived from our study|
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To conclude, in our study, a moderate prevalence of T. vaginalis infection was observed, though the prevalence in the community might be higher as we had included only symptomatic women when majority of the infection is asymptomatic. The majority of the women with trichomoniasis had co-infections with other organisms. We observed a significant association of trichomoniasis with PID, resulting in reproductive morbidity. The poor clinical value of symptoms and signs in the diagnosis of T. vaginalis infection could be corrected by appropriate combination of simple tests that increases the performance of these screening tests comparable to that of the diagnostic tests, especially, in the setting of non-availability of culture for T. vaginalis.
| References|| |
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|2.||Domeika M, Zhurauskaya L, Savicheva A, Frigo N, Sokolovskiy E, Hallen A, et al. Guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of trichomoniasis in East European countries. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2010;24:1125-34. |
|3.||Thappa DM, Adityan B. Bacterial Vaginosis. In: Sharma VK, editor. Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV/AIDS, 2 nd ed. India: Viva Books Pvt. Ltd. 2009. p. 398-406. |
|4.||Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2010. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/2010/pid.htm. [Last accessed on 2011 Aug 02]. |
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|11.||Kaur S, Khurana S, Bagga R, Wanchu A, Nancy M. Trichomoniasis among women in North India: A hospital based study. Indian J Sex Transm Dis 2008;29:76-81. |
|12.||Wolner-Hanssen P, Krieger JN, Stevens CE, Kiviat NB, Koutsky L, Critchlow C, et al. Clinical manifestations of vaginal trichomoniasis. JAMA 1989;261:571-6. |
|13.||Sood S, Kapil A. An update on Trichomonas vaginalis. Indian J Sex Transm Dis 2008;29:7-14. |
|14.||Fouts AC, Kraus SJ. Trichomonas vaginalis: Reevaluation of its clinical presentation and laboratory diagnosis. J Infect Dis 1980;141:137-43. |
|15.||Moodley P, Wilkinson D, Connolly C, Moodley J, Sturm AW. Trichomonas vaginalis is associated with pelvic inflammatory disease in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 2002;34:519-22. |
|16.||Thulkar J, Kriplani A, Agarwal N. Utility of pH test and Whiff test in syndromic approach of abnormal vaginal discharge. Indian J Med Res 2010;131:445-8. |
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[Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3]
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|[Pubmed] | [DOI]| | <urn:uuid:27a8d9b1-c9c5-4161-a177-ea357fafa995> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ijstd.org/article.asp?issn=2589-0557;year=2013;volume=34;issue=1;spage=25;epage=31;aulast=Sivaranjini | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.908011 | 5,365 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Two major police chief groups denounced, to varying degrees, the killing of George Floyd Wednesday, and applauded the firing of the four Minneapolis Police Department officers who participated.
The Major Cities Chiefs Association, an organization of executives from the biggest cities in the United States and Canada, issued a release calling the killing “deeply disturbing.”
Calling the officers’ actions “inconsistent” with the protocols of the profession, the group commended Minneapolis Police Chief Medaria Arradondo for axing the officers involved.
“MCCA members have worked tirelessly to build trust between law enforcement and the communities they serve,” the statement said. “What occurred in Minneapolis is a sobering reminder of how quickly bad policing can undermine that trust. The law enforcement community must do better and hold ourselves to a higher standard.”
The International Association of Chiefs of Police, the world’s largest professional association of police leaders, offered a milder criticism, saying that there must be accountability after use-of-force situations.
“Law enforcement officers are trained to treat all individuals, whether they are a complainant, suspect, or defendant, with dignity and respect. This is the bedrock principle behind the concepts of procedural justice and police legitimacy,” the group said. “That is why incidents involving the use-of-force are never the desired outcome in any given situation; moreover, it is the responsibility of police leaders to hold officers accountable for incidents when use-of-force is not aligned with agency policy or appropriate to the given circumstance.”
The group couched the denunciation, though, in a call for a full investigation during which “all circumstances” are weighed and the assertion that videos may not tell the full story.
Floyd died Monday after Officer Derek Chauvin handcuffed him outside a grocery store where employees had called about a counterfeit bill. In video taken by a bystander, Chauvin kneels on Floyd’s neck while he says he cannot breathe.
When Chauvin removes his knee after several minutes, Floyd is unresponsive. He was pronounced dead soon after.
Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey has called for Chauvin to be charged.
“I’ve wrestled with, more than anything else over the last 36 hours, one fundamental question: Why is the man who killed George Floyd not in jail?” Frey said Wednesday. “If you had done it, or I had done it, we would be behind bars right now. And I cannot come up with a good answer to that.”
Riots have broken out across the city of Minneapolis, with reports of property damage, fires and looting. | <urn:uuid:5feda06b-abf7-4c35-862c-3cc18bcf2fc3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://talkingpointsmemo.com/news/police-chief-george-floyd-minneapolis | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.956178 | 553 | 1.875 | 2 |
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Shabbat candles: 7:41 p.m.
Torah: Deut. 3:23-7:11
Haftarah: Isaiah 40:1-26
Jewish tradition captures the secret of prayer in the Hebrew term kavanah. But what exactly is kavanah? Since it comes from the Hebrew root k-v-n, “to direct” — in the sense of “directing one’s heart” to God — we tend to think that prayer must emanate from the heart. God wants the heart, the Baal Shem Tov used to say. Prayer must be heartfelt.
But there is another possibility. In antiquity, the heart was considered the seat of understanding, not of emotion. Perhaps, then, prayer demands theological rigor, logical entailment, and cognitive depth.
Both of these views are carried in commentaries to this week’s portion, which begins with Moses praying and fairly begs the reader to confront issues of prayer.
In antiquity — before the age of writing — prayers could not be written down. With no fixed texts on which to rely, prayer leaders made up wording as they went along. Only the succession of topics was fixed. Kavanah, back then, was the name attached to the prayer leader’s jazz-like improvisation around each topic — a combination of quoting the Bible, alluding to rabbinic teaching, and developing poetic phrases on the spot.
The concept of kavanah remained fluid. Medieval kabbalists, for example, had a fixed text and the technology of printing to guarantee widespread dissemination of it. For them, kavanah denoted meditations on the esoteric meaning of those unchangeable prayers, the underlying message to keep in mind as the only proper goal of prayer in the first place.
Given this historical diversity, we should ask what kavanah means for our time. Whatever it turns out to be, it should satisfy a Midrash to this week’s sedra: Kavanah, says the Midrash, assures that our prayers are heard (tefillah nishma’at). But how can that be? Scientific studies demonstrate that patients heal at exactly the same rate and speed, regardless of whether they are prayed over, and by whom. How then can we be assured our prayers are heard? Shouldn’t we conclude that they are never heard at all?
As our sedra begins, Moses says, pointedly, that he prayed to God ba’et hahi, “at that time“ [Deuteronomy 3:23], a phrase that commentators find redundant. Of course he prayed “at that time”— when else?
Earlier in Torah [Genesis 30:33], Jacob, too, refers to prayer’s proper timing. As he prepares to leave Laban, haggling over his parting wages, he pleads, “Let my integrity testify for me tomorrow.” But by “tomorrow,” he will be gone, so the Midrash concludes, “Don’t pray for tomorrow” — who knows, after all, what tomorrow will bring?
Moshe Lieb of Sasov extends the teaching: prayer should address the current moment; as with Moses, it should always be ba’et hahi, because the current moment is all we ever have for sure. Prayers being heard, therefore, have nothing to do with petitions being granted, because petitions are always about “tomorrow.”
Our standard measure of successful prayer assumes an outside force called God, who listens in on what we say and then grants our requests. But “petitions granted, ” we now see, must be the wrong measuring rod. Whatever God may do is out of our hands, but we have the power to pray so that we ourselves can listen to our prayers. Indeed, the Midrash says only that successful prayers are heard, not that God does the hearing.
Put another way, we might say that prayer, being ba’et hahi and not for “tomorrow,” requires our “staying in the moment." Kavanah, then, is the reflective discipline of letting prayers tune us in more deeply to who we are.
Such deep reflectivity is no little thing. No other species has the capacity of self-awareness to the point where we can even be self-aware of our self-awareness. We are hard-wired to be able to experience day-by-day existence against the backdrop of the human condition in all its majesty, triumph, and tragedy. The awareness of being a paltry speck in eternity’s flow, but supremely gifted with power and potential, comes through prayer — if, that is, we stay in the moment.
Return, now, to the dichotomy of heart and mind, both of which are necessary to staying in the moment. Prayers are just another specialized form of thoughts, meditations, hopes, insights, and emotions that constitute the internal dialogue that makes us human. The prayer book is the accumulated wisdom of the past to which we have recourse. The cantor’s chant evokes its mystery and connectivity through time. Through silent prayer, we may safely dredge up thoughts that otherwise frighten us, play with ideas that otherwise elude us, admit our deepest fears and expand our broadest horizons.
With proper kavanah, prayer is indeed heard; and we are the hearers.
Rabbi Lawrence A. Hoffman, co-founder of Synagogue 3000, and professor of Liturgy, Worship and Ritual at Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, is the author of “My People’s Prayer Book: Traditional Prayers, Modern Commentaries” (Jewish Lights), winner of the National Jewish Book Award. | <urn:uuid:389405c8-64a5-48fe-bf9f-cdda7ccc4a81> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://jewishweek.timesofisrael.com/the-secrets-of-kavanah/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00115-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944368 | 1,219 | 2.84375 | 3 |
AGENCY: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA.
ACTION: Proposed rule.
SUMMARY: In response to recent amendments to the Lacey Act, we are proposing to establish definitions for the terms "common cultivar'' and "common food crop.'' The amendments to the Act expanded its protections to a broader range of plant species, extended its reach to encompass products, including timber, that derive from illegally harvested plants, and require that importers submit a declaration at the time of importation for certain plants and plant products. Common cultivars and common food crops are among the categorical exemptions to the provisions of the Act. The Act does not define the terms "common cultivar'' and "common food crop'' but instead gives authority to the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of the Interior to define these terms by regulation. Our proposed definitions would specify which plants and plant products will be subject to the provisions of the Act, including the declaration requirement.
DATES: We will consider all comments that we receive on or before October 4, 2010.
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Postal Mail/Commercial Delivery: Please send two copies of your comment to Docket No. APHIS-2009-0018, Regulatory Analysis and Development, PPD, APHIS, Station 3A-03.8, 4700 River Road Unit 118, Riverdale, MD 20737-1238. Please state that your comment refers to Docket No. APHIS-2009-0018.
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Other Information: Additional information about APHIS and its programs is available on the Internet at (http://www.aphis.usda.gov).
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. George Balady, Senior Staff Officer, Quarantine Policy Analysis and Support, PPQ, APHIS, 4700 River Road Unit 60, Riverdale, MD 20737-1231; (301) 734-8295.
AGENCY: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of Commerce (DOC).
SUMMARY: NOAA publishes this notice to re-open the full proposal solicitation period for the Fiscal Year 2011 Bay Watershed Education and Training (B-WET) Hawaii Program. The original solicitation, which was announced in the Federal Register on July 16, 2010, gave an incorrect proposal due date of August 2, 2010. This notice corrects that error by re-opening the solicitation period for this program until September 15, 2010.
DATES: Full proposals must be submitted no later than 5:59 p.m., Hawaii Time, September 15, 2010.
ADDRESSES: Full proposal application packages should be submitted through Grants.gov. The standard NOAA funding application package is available at http://www.grants.gov.
If an applicant does not have Internet access, hard copies with original signatures may be sent to: NOAA Pacific Services Center, 737 Bishop Street, Suite 1550, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, ATTN: Stephanie Bennett. Applicants submitting hard copy applications must submit one hard copy of the entire application package, a CD copy of the package, including all forms with original signatures. Any proposal packages received after the September 15 2010, submission deadline will not be accepted.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For administrative or technical issues, contact Stephanie Bennett at 808-522-7481 (phone) or by e-mail at Stephanie.Bennett@noaa.gov.
AGENCY: Council on Environmental Quality.
ACTION: Notice of Availability, Interagency Ocean Policy Task Force's
"Final Recommendations of the Interagency Ocean Policy Task Force''.
SUMMARY: On June 12, 2009, the President established an Interagency Ocean Policy Task Force, led by the Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality. The Task Force was charged with developing, with appropriate public input, a recommended national policy for the stewardship of the ocean, our coasts, and the Great Lakes; a framework for policy coordination, including specific recommendations to improve coordination and collaboration among Federal, State, tribal, and local authorities, and regional governance structures; an implementation strategy that identifies a set of priority objectives; and a framework for effective costal and marine spatial planning.
On July 19, 2010, the Task Force submitted its Final Recommendations to the President. They provide: (1) Our Nation's first ever National Policy for the Stewardship of the Ocean, Our Coasts, and the Great Lakes; (2) a strengthened governance structure to provide sustained, high-level, and coordinated attention to ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes issues; (3) a targeted implementation strategy that identifies and prioritizes nine categories for action that the United States should pursue; and (4) a framework for effective coastal and marine spatial planning that establishes a comprehensive, integrated, ecosystem-based approach to address conservation, economic activity, user conflict, and sustainable use of ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes resources.
ADDRESSES: The Task Force's Final Recommendations are available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/oceans or by writing to The Council on Environmental Quality, Attn: Michael Weiss, 722 Jackson Place, NW., Washington, DC 20503.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Michael Weiss, Deputy Associate Director for Ocean and Coastal Policy, (202) 456-3892.
AGENCY: Department of Education.
ACTION: Notice of proposed priorities.
SUMMARY: The Secretary of Education proposes priorities that the Department of Education (Department) may use for any appropriate discretionary grant program in fiscal year (FY) 2011 and future years. We take this action to focus Federal financial assistance on expanding the number of programs and projects Department-wide that support activities in areas of greatest educational need. We are establishing these priorities on a Department-wide basis.
This action will permit all offices in the Department to use, as appropriate for particular discretionary grant programs, one or more of these priorities in any discretionary grant competition. We also propose definitions of key terms used in these proposed priorities.
DATES: We must receive your comments on or before September 7, 2010.
ADDRESSES: Submit your comments through the Federal eRulemaking Portal or via postal mail, commercial delivery, or hand delivery. We will not accept comments by fax or by e-mail. Please submit your comments only one time in order to ensure that we do not receive duplicate copies. In addition, please include the Docket ID and the term "Department Priorities'' at the top of your comments.
Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to http://www.regulations.gov to submit your comments electronically. Information on using Regulations.gov, including instructions for accessing agency documents, submitting comments, and viewing the docket, is available on the site under "How To Use This Site.''
Postal Mail, Commercial Delivery, or Hand Delivery. If you mail or deliver your comments about these proposed priorities, address them to: Office of Innovation and Improvement (Attention: Department Priorities Comments), U.S. Department of Education, 400 Maryland Avenue, SW., room 4W321, Washington, DC 20202.
Privacy Note: The Department's policy for comments received from members of the public (including those comments submitted by mail, commercial delivery, or hand delivery) is to make these submissions available for public viewing in their entirety on the Federal eRulemaking Portal at http://www.regulations.gov. Therefore, commenters should be careful to include in their comments only information that they wish to make publicly available on the Internet.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Margo Anderson. Telephone: (202) 205- 3010 or by e-mail: Margo.Anderson@ed.gov.
If you use a telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD), call the Federal Relay Service, toll free, at 1-800-877-8339.
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Notice of meeting.
SUMMARY: Pursuant to the Federal Advisory Committee Act, Public Law 92- 463, the Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development (ORD), gives notice of a public meeting (via conference call) of the Board of Scientific Counselors (BOSC) Executive Committee.
DATES: The conference call will be held on Wednesday, August 25, 2010, from 1 p.m. to 3 p.m. eastern time and may adjourn early if all business is finished. Requests for the draft agenda or for making oral presentations at the meeting will be accepted up to one business day before the meeting.
ADDRESSES: Participation in the conference call will be by telephone only--meeting rooms will not be used. Members of the public may obtain the call-in number and access code for the call from Greg Susanke, whose contact information is listed under the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section of this notice.
Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-ORD-2010- 0661, by one of the following methods:
www.regulations.gov: Follow the on-line instructions for submitting comments.
E-mail: Send comments by electronic mail (e-mail) to: ORD.Docket@epa.gov, Attention Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-ORD-2010-0661.
Fax: Fax comments to: (202) 566-0224, Attention Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-ORD-2010-0661.
Mail: Send comments by mail to: Board of Scientific Counselors, Executive Committee Meeting--February 2010 Docket, Mailcode: 2822T, 1301 Constitution Avenue., NW., Washington, DC 20004, Attention Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-ORD-2010-0661.
Hand Delivery or Courier: Deliver comments to: EPA Docket Center (EPA/DC), Room 3334, EPA West Building, 1301 Constitution Avenue, NW., Washington, DC, Attention Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-ORD-2010- 0661. Deliveries are only accepted during the docket's normal hours of operation, and special arrangements should be made for deliveries of boxed information.
Instructions: Direct your comments to Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-ORD- 2010-0661. EPA's policy is that all comments received will be included in the public docket without change and may be made available online at www.regulations.gov, including any personal information provided, unless the comment includes information claimed to be Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Do not submit information that you consider to be CBI or otherwise protected through www.regulations.gov or e-mail. The www.regulations.gov Web site is an "anonymous access'' system, which means EPA will not know your identity or contact information unless you provide it in the body of your comment. If you send an e- mail comment directly to EPA without going through www.regulations.gov, your e-mail address will be automatically captured and included as part of the comment that is placed in the public docket and made available on the Internet. If you submit an electronic comment, EPA recommends that you include your name and other contact information in the body of your comment and with any disk or CD-ROM you submit. If EPA cannot read your comment due to technical difficulties and cannot contact you for clarification, EPA may not be able to consider your comment. Electronic files should avoid the use of special characters, any form of encryption, and be free of any defects or viruses. For additional information about EPA's public docket visit the EPA Docket Center homepage at http://www.epa.gov/dockets.
Docket: All documents in the docket are listed in the www.regulations.gov index. Although listed in the index, some information is not publicly available, e.g., CBI or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such as copyrighted material, will be publicly available only in hard copy. Publicly available docket materials are available either electronically in www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at the Board of Scientific Counselors, Executive Committee Meeting--August 2010 Docket, EPA/DC, EPA West, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Washington, DC. The Public Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number for the Public Reading Room is (202) 566-1744, and the telephone number for the ORD Docket is (202) 566-1752.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: The Designated Federal Officer via mail at: Greg Susanke, Mail Code 8104-R, Office of Science Policy, Office of Research and Development, Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20460; via phone/voice mail at: (202) 564-9945; via fax at: (202) 565-2911; or via e-mail at: email@example.com.
AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.
ACTION: Notice of public meeting; request for public comment.-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), announce a public meeting of the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force (USCRTF) and a request for written comments. This meeting, the 24th biannual meeting of the USCRTF, provides a forum for coordinated planning and action among Federal agencies, State and territorial governments, and nongovernmental partners. Please register in advance by visiting the website under SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION. Advance public comment must be submitted by August 27, 2010, to Liza Johnson at the e-mail, fax, or mailing address listed below. This meeting has time allotted for sharing of in-person public comments, which must be submitted in written format by October 8, 2010.
ADDRESSES: World Resort Saipan, Susupe, Saipan, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (phone: 670-234-5900).
DATES: Please be aware of the following dates:
Advance Public Comments: Submit to Liza Johnson at the e- mail, fax, or mailing address listed below by August 27, 2010.
Tour on Guam: Saturday, September 11, 2010.
All Meetings: Registration is required prior to the meeting for all events associated with the meetings.
Steering Committee Meeting and Workshop: Tuesday, September 14, 2010.
Meeting: Wednesday, September 15 and Thursday, September 16, 2010.
Public Comments Given at the Meeting: Submit in writing to Liza Johnson at the e-mail, fax, or mailing address listed below by October 8, 2010.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Andrew Gude, DOI (FWS) USCRTF Steering Committee Point of Contact, U.S. Department of the Interior, MS-3530- MIB, 1849 C Street NW., Washington, DC 20240; phone: 202-208-6211; fax: 202-208-4867; e-mail: Andrew_Gude@fws.gov; or Liza Johnson, U.S. Coral Reef Task Force Department of the Interior Liaison, U.S. Department of the Interior, MS-3530-MIB, 1849 C Street NW., Washington, DC 20240; phone: 202-208-1378; fax: 202-208-4867; e-mail: Liza_M_Johnson@ios.doi.gov; or visit the USCRTF Web site at http://www.coralreef.gov.
The National Science Board's Task Force on Support of Mid-Scale and Multi-investigator Research, of the Committee on Programs and Plans, pursuant to NSF regulations (45 CFR part 614), the National Science Foundation Act, as amended (42 U.S.C. 1862n-5), and the Government in the Sunshine Act (5 U.S.C. 552b), hereby gives notice in regard to the scheduling of a teleconference meeting for the transaction of National Science Board business and other matters specified, as follows:
DATE AND TIME: August 12, 2010 at 3 p.m. EDT.
SUBJECT MATTER: Draft charge to the Task Force on Support of Mid-Scale and Multi-investigator Research, of the Committee on Programs and Plans.
LOCATION: This meeting will be held by teleconference originating at the National Science Board Office, National Science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA 22230. A room will be available for the public to listen in on this teleconference meeting. All visitors must contact the Board Office at least 24 hours prior to the meeting to arrange for a visitor's badge and to obtain the room number. Call 703- 292-7000 to request the room number and your badge, which will be ready for pick-up at the visitor's desk on the day of the meeting. All visitors must report to the NSF visitor desk at the 9th and N. Stuart Streets entrance to receive their visitor's badge on the day of the teleconference.
UPDATES AND POINT OF CONTACT: Please refer to the National Science Board Web site (http://www.nsf.gov/nsb/notices/) for information or schedule updates, or contact: Matt Wilson, National Science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA 22230. Telephone: (703) 292-7000.
Notice of Meeting: Partially Closed Meeting of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.
ACTION: Public notice.
SUMMARY: This notice sets forth the schedule and summary agenda for a partially closed meeting of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST), and describes the functions of the Council. Notice of this meeting is required under the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA), 5 U.S.C., App.
DATES: September 2, 2010.
ADDRESSES: The meeting will be held at the Keck Center of the National Academies, 500 5th Street, NW., Room Keck 100, Washington, DC.
Type of Meeting: Open and closed.
Proposed Schedule and Agenda: The President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) is scheduled to meet in open session on September 2, 2010 from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. with a lunch break from 12 p.m. to 2 p.m.
Open Portion of Meeting: During this open meeting, PCAST is tentatively scheduled to hear presentations on information technology. PCAST members will also discuss reports they are developing on the topics of advanced manufacturing; science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education; and the energy technology innovation system. Additional information and the agenda will be posted at the PCAST Web site at: http://whitehouse.gov/ostp/pcast.
Closed Portion of the Meeting: PCAST may hold a closed meeting of approximately 1 hour with the Vice-President on September 2, 2010, which must take place in the White House for the Vice President's scheduling convenience and to maintain Secret Service protection. This meeting will be closed to the public because such portion of the meeting is likely to disclose matters that are to be kept secret in the interest of national defense or foreign policy under 5 U.S.C. 552b(c)(1). The precise date and time of this potential meeting has not yet been determined.
Public Comments: It is the policy of the PCAST to accept written public comments of any length, and to accommodate oral public comments whenever possible. The PCAST expects that public statements presented at its meetings will not be repetitive of previously submitted oral or written statements.
The public comment period for this meeting will take place on September 2, 2010 at a time specified in the meeting agenda posted on the PCAST Web site at http://whitehouse.gov/ostp/pcast. This public comment period is designed only for substantive commentary on PCAST's work, not for business marketing purposes.
Oral Comments: To be considered for the public speaker list at the September meeting, interested parties should register to speak at http://whitehouse.gov/ostp/pcast, no later than 5 p.m. Eastern Time on Wednesday, August 25, 2010. Phone or email reservations will not be accepted. To accommodate as many speakers as possible, the time for public comments will be limited to two (2) minutes per person, with a total public comment period of 30 minutes. If more speakers register than there is space available on the agenda, PCAST will randomly select speakers from among those who applied. Those not selected to present oral comments may always file written comments with the committee. Speakers are requested to bring at least 25 copies of their oral comments for distribution to the PCAST members.
Written Comments: Although written comments are accepted until the date of the meeting, written comments should be submitted to PCAST at least two weeks prior to each meeting date, August 19, 2010, so that the comments may be made available to the PCAST members prior to the meeting for their consideration. Information regarding how to submit comments and documents to PCAST is available at http://whitehouse.gov/ostp/pcast in the section entitled "Connect with PCAST.''
Please note that because PCAST operates under the provisions of FACA, all public comments and/or presentations will be treated as public documents and will be made available for public inspection, including being posted on the PCAST Web site.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For Further Information: Information regarding the meeting agenda, time, location, and how to register for the meeting is available on the PCAST Web site at: http://whitehouse.gov/ostp/pcast. A live video webcast and an archive of the webcast after the event will be available at http://whitehouse.gov/ostp/pcast. The archived video will be available within one week of the meeting. Questions about the meeting should be directed to Dr. Deborah D. Stine, PCAST Executive Director, at firstname.lastname@example.org, (202) 456- 6006. Please note that public seating for this meeting is limited and is available on a first-come, first-served basis. | <urn:uuid:b42767bb-f450-4ae9-9465-0b5c94319d76> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.aibs.org/federal-register-resource/2010_08_06.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00070-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.900429 | 4,854 | 1.9375 | 2 |
The sounds of languageBecoming a lifelong reader involves far more than knowing the ABCs. It begins with children becoming sensitized to the sounds of language. The more sounds a child hears, the more words, with all their sounds, he’ll learn to say and eventually read.
How can I help my daughter's speech?Research shows that one of the best ways to help your child’s speech is to narrate your daily activities. Describe what you are doing and point and label everyday objects and actions. | <urn:uuid:b54d2280-3f1a-4184-bd0f-af27e658a1e5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.leapfrog.com/en-us/learning-path/curious-twos-language-learning/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00109-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963842 | 107 | 3.625 | 4 |
Telstra will face court and a penalty of up to $50 million for selling more than 100 Indigenous consumers phone contracts they didn’t understand they couldn’t afford.
The telco giant admitted it breached consumer laws for poor sales practices that took place in five Telstra stores in the Northern Territory, South Australia and Western Australia between 2016 and 2018. The concession has prompted Australia’s competition regulator to start federal court proceedings.
The court hearing and potential penalty follows a year-long investigation by the ACCC into potential breaches of consumer law by the telco giant. ACCC chair Rod Sims said the case exposed behaviour which exploited the vulnerabilities of consumers and was probably the worst case of unconscionable conduct the competition regulator had seen to date.
“This is probably the worst we’ve seen,” Mr Sims said. “In about 2014-2015, we had the Coles unconscionable conduct case where they were ringing up small businesses suppliers… and they were faced with demands for payments sometimes by the end of the day and if they didn’t make them Coles would stop buying from them. That was pretty brutal.
“This is much worse because of the exploitation of social, language, literacy and cultural vulnerabilities. The massive stress and anxiety that this caused for the individuals involved.
“People were in great fear and in 70 per cent of the cases, Telstra put the debts in the hands of debts collectors,” he said.
Telstra has admitted that staff at five licensed stores in Alice Springs, Casuarina, Palmerston, Arndale and Broome took advantage of 108 customers with poor English speaking skills, difficulty reading, and some who were unemployed when they convinced them to buy mobile phone plans.
In some cases staff did not provide a proper explanation of how much the plans would cost the customers, and in some instances gave the impression their products were free. Some staff also falsely indicated in credit assessments that a consumer was employed. The average debt per consumer affected was $7400 and the average bill they were charged was about $320 per month.
“We were quite surprised by what we found,” Mr Sims said. “Sometimes the consumers were sold plans that you only need when you are travelling overseas – overseas data allowances. Sometimes they were told the products were for free. Many times staff manipulating the credit assessment because it was obvious people could not afford to pay off these plans.”
Telstra referred some unpaid debts to collectors, but has since taken steps to waive these debts, refund money paid and introduce steps to prevent this behaviour from re-occurring. The telco’s annual results reported its chief executive Andy Penn and other key executives missed out on $758,000 worth of incentives last financial year because of the poor practices.
Mr Penn apologised on Thursday for the behaviour of his staff and said the company was focused on remediating the 108 affected customers.
“What I can guarantee is that we are absolutely committed to continue to look at our sales practices and to make sure this sort of thing happening doesn’t repeat,” Mr Penn told The Sydney Morning Herald and The Age. “A number of people on the front line in this situation and employed [by] those licensees unfortunately didn’t follow our processes and in some cases manipulated our processes, so that includes obviously having a better governance framework in place so we can better identify that sort of activity sooner than we did this time.”
Mr Penn said Telstra had let itself down by failing to understand how communities work and use phones. “There is a lot of sharing – one of the things that I learned when I visited many of these communities is one of the practices and norms within them is sharing of devices that led to devices being shared among the community and some customers receiving excess data charges because the broader community used the device and not them,” he said.
The court will determine how much money Telstra will be fined, but the ACCC has also accepted a court-enforceable undertaking from Telstra which includes remediation for affected customers and a review and expansion of its Indigenous telephone hotline. Should the court decide on a $50 million penalty, it would be the second-highest penalty imposed under Australian consumer law.
Mr Sims said he is confident this behaviour will not occur in Telstra stores “for the foreseeable future”.
“In my view, only when we get penalties of this sort, do we get companies taking the behaviour seriously,” he said. “We want to send a message to Telstra and all companies in Australia that this is completely unacceptable behaviour.”
“You have an obligation to put in place systems so that there is not inappropriate behaviour going on. Telstra did not have those systems in place and they absolutely should have.”
Teresa Corbin, chief executive of the Australian Communications Consumer Action Network, said the behaviour was extremely disappointing.
“The $50 million fine being proposed should be a strong disincentive to other retailers who do not comply with the law in protecting vulnerable customers,” Ms Corbin said.
Source: Thanks smh.com | <urn:uuid:a78d9c5a-831d-4272-9fe6-31694485801e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aufinancenews.com/2020/11/26/the-worst-weve-seen-telstra-faces-50m-penalty-over-exploitative-contracts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.979085 | 1,076 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Definitions for becomingbɪˈkʌm ɪŋ
This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word becoming
becoming, comely, comme il faut, decent, decorous, seemly(adj)
according with custom or propriety
"her becoming modesty"; "comely behavior"; "it is not comme il faut for a gentleman to be constantly asking for money"; "a decent burial"; "seemly behavior"
displaying or setting off to best advantage
"a becoming new shade of rose"; "a becoming portrait"
The act or process in which something becomes.
pleasingly suitable to the particular person involved.
appropriate or fit; congruous; suitable; graceful; befitting
that which is becoming or appropriate
"Becoming" is a song by American heavy metal group Pantera from their album Far Beyond Driven. It was released as a 2-track promotional-only vinyl 12", with "5 Minutes Alone" as its B-side. The song features a unique guitar riff by Dimebag Darrell which involves a DigiTech Whammy pedal as well as extensive double bass drumming from Vinnie Paul. It also uses an unusual guitar tuning, simultaneously mixing dropped-D and Eb tuning.
British National Corpus
Spoken Corpus Frequency
Rank popularity for the word 'becoming' in Spoken Corpus Frequency: #1435
Written Corpus Frequency
Rank popularity for the word 'becoming' in Written Corpus Frequency: #2458
The numerical value of becoming in Chaldean Numerology is: 3
The numerical value of becoming in Pythagorean Numerology is: 5
Sample Sentences & Example Usage
It's becoming much more mainstream.
Relations are becoming more peaceful.
$100 a barrel is becoming the new $20.
This is becoming mainstream is every way.
One lives in the hope of becoming a memory.
Images & Illustrations of becoming
Translations for becoming
From our Multilingual Translation Dictionary
Get even more translations for becoming »
Find a translation for the becoming definition in other languages:
Select another language: | <urn:uuid:0aa6d18a-02d2-4a06-a56d-a0a609e51375> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.definitions.net/definition/becoming | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00196-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.895137 | 447 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Fun Fact: Malaysian law limits how many people you can borrow money from at one timeover 3 years ago JS Lim
If you’re lucky enough to have never encountered a “friend” like this, imagine being in this situation:
Your friend needs to borrow a large amount of money – say RM10,000 – without going to the bank or loan sharks. He’s already tried approaching a few friends, but quickly found that there aren’t many people willing or able to part with such a large sum of money, 10 years of friendship or not.
So, he comes up with a brilliant solution…by borrowing RM500 from 20 friends…and you’re one of them!
But did you know that doing so is actually illegal?
It’s called illegal deposit-taking
Normally, friendly loans are not regulated by any law, except if there’s a contract that you and your friends might have agreed upon.
But there’s a broadly phrased law in the Financial Services Act 2013 (FSA) which covers accepting “deposits”, which you’ll need a license to take, like what banks and insurance companies need. The FSA normally only regulates financial institutions and payment systems, but like we’ll see below, it can also cover for situations where someone tries to game the system and gets up to no good.
We normally understand “deposit” to mean a certain amount of money we put with the bank that we can take back later. The legal definition includes those kind of situations – but the full version of the definition actually covers a lot more:
In short, this means if a person accepts money, precious metals, or precious stones, that will be later returned to the owner – that’s considered deposit-taking. It doesn’t matter if the repayment includes interest, or whether it’s paid in full or by installments.
Immediately you might see that there are a lot of problems with this broad definition - like, how about security deposits that many companies use, in real estate for instance? This is where the long list of exception to this law come in…
Some transactions are exempted from the definition of “deposit”
Sometimes, laws are worded very broadly to be designed as a “catch-all” provision, sometimes because it’s a particularly sensitive area that the government can’t afford to have loopholes around (like financial regulation in our current case).
There are 3 general exceptions:
Deposit payments under a contract for property or services that is refunded if the deal doesn’t go through (like a booking deposit you pay to show genuine interest)
Security deposits (like if you rent something expensive and the deposit will be used to cover any damage you cause)
Transactions in certain circumstances, or by certain people, set out in Schedule 2 of the FSA
Prepare to get a long list of different types of exceptions from Schedule 2. Ready? Let’s go. Money paid is not considered a “deposit” when it’s paid to:
A statutory body or local council
A co-operative society that has approval of the Malaysia Co-operative Societies Commission, and Bank Negara
A farmer’s organization or fishermen’s association
Your related or associate corporations
Another person under debentures
Another person to subscribe to company shares or certain interests in a company
Approved issuers of electronic money
Another person in a friendly or family setting, where the number of people paying this person does not at any time exceed ten.
There are a few more exceptions to “deposits” that apply when certain institutions pay money out, such as moneylenders, but we won’t go into them in detail here. You can find the complete list of exceptions for reference in Schedule 2 of the FSA.
The 10 person limit is probably an arbitrary number imposed by the law as they need to watch out for illegal schemes, such as pyramid schemes like JJPTR that happened a while ago, as well as an incident where two men took over RM5,000 for investment illegally. You might also be familiar with a practice called “wang kootu” or a kuutu fund. These funds can also fall under illegal deposit-taking when the number of participants are over 10.
So, while it is possible to get someone who owes you money in trouble under this law...
There is a much easier way to get your money back
You might ask who would enforce such a law since friendly loans are not under the control of any authority. How do you even find out how many people someone has borrowed money from?
It’s probably relevant only when the 10 people are close-knit enough to exchange notes and figure out that the borrower is up to something, and choose to report the borrower for illegal deposit-taking.
Though, if you’re really just trying to get your money back from someone, the far easier solution to make them pay up is probably filing a small claims procedure with a Magistrate Court. Find out how you can do so with as little as filling up a form and an application fee of RM10 at our article linked below.
Jie Sheng knows a little bit about a lot, and a lot about a little bit. He swings between making bad puns and looking overly serious at screens. People call him "ginseng" because he's healthy and bitter, not because they can't say his name properly. | <urn:uuid:f2cf3f24-3da7-4b36-9be1-09a5afccf42b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://asklegal.my/p/deposit-taking-borrow-money-10-people-malaysia-illegal | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.952936 | 1,195 | 2.5625 | 3 |
|Good reading at the Ylläs-Äkäslompolo ski paradise. Click to enlarge.|
Read in Finnish:
Puolalainen unikirja. Finnish translation and introduction by Taisto Veikko. Porvoo / Helsinki: WSOY, 1966. Aikamme kertojia. 402 pages.
Tadeusz Konwicki (1926-2015) died two months ago and we'll honour his memory in our summer season by screening Zaduszki / All Souls' Day and Salto / Somersault. The screenings are also a part of our tribute to Paweł Pawlikowski's Ida: we will celebrate the Polish New Wave of the late 1950s and the liberal part of the 1960s. Pawlikowski has been, though, influenced rather by Bresson, the young Godard, and the Czech New Wave. But interestingly the first work in Pawlikowski's filmography is Palace Life (1988), a television documentary on Konwicki.
Tadeusz Konwicki was a first class writer. Two of his books were translated into Finnish in the distinguished Keltainen kirjasto series of the Tammi publishing house: Mała apokalipsa / Pieni ilmestyskirja / A Minor Apocalypse (1979), and Bohiń / Isoäitini tarina / Bohin Manor (1987). The first Finnish Konwicki translation was Sennik współczesny / A Dreambook for Our Time by WSOY.
I saw Zaduszki when it was telecast in Finland in 1970 under the title Taru rakkaudesta [A Saga of Love]. It is a strong Modernistic piece perhaps a little reminiscent of Hiroshima, mon amour, but completely original. Having read Konwicki obituaries I know now a little about the shattering first hand experiences that brought a sense of urgency to Konwicki's books and films. Konwicki was a film director and also an important screenwriter and an inspiring background figure who provided ideas to key films of the Polish New Wave.
A Dreambook for Our Time (its Finnish title in direct translation: A Polish Dreambook) is the first Konwicki book I have read. It is a compelling nightmarish account of Paweł, a Resistance activist coming to terms with his experiences seventeen years after WWII. He returns to the terrain of the guerrilla warfare in the village that is about to be flooded as a huge dam is being built. The partisans had first fought Nazis and then the Soviets. Some of them are rumoured still to hide in the forest, and, indeed, still are.
This is not a heroic adventure story. Paweł (known as a Resistance fighter as Stary = the Old-Timer) had risked everyone with his derring-do against a Nazi train. Seventeen years later he is still tormented to the point of attempting suicide because he had been assigned to execute a traitor among the partisans. (He shot but did not kill). For a long time the sensual Paweł has been living a shadow life, yet he experiences significant but frustrating relationships with women, Regina and Justyna. (He fails to act with Regina who would be interested. He acts with Justyna who finally, however, decides not to board the train with Paweł).
The story is set in today (around 1962) with much of the action experienced in wartime flashbacks and in even more distant flashbacks in Paweł's school days. There are many layers in the narrative. One of them is the association of the Twelve Apostles and Maria Magdalena among the partisans.
A Dreambook for Our Time is a harrowing but persuasive story. It is a story of brutalization but also of a triumph of the spirit. It is an account of a nightmare but also of waking up.
I cannot read Polish but it is easy to believe that Taisto Veikko (also a translator of Andrzejewski, Gombrowicz, and Kolakowski) has done a fine job of translation here. The Finnish edition has been printed during the golden age of Finnish book publishing (from the 1950s till the 1970s) when they knew the secret of the perfect layout for a book that also as an object is a pleasure to read.
BEYOND THE JUMP BREAK: TADEUSZ KONWICKI AT CULTURE.PL
BEYOND THE JUMP BREAK: TADEUSZ KONWICKI AT CULTURE.PL
Tadeusz Konwicki at 80 years, Warsaw, photo Chris Niedenthal / Forum
Prose writer, screenwriter and film director. Founder of the 'cinema d'auteur' in Poland and author of 20 books. Born in 1926 in Nowa Wilejka, near Vilnius (today Naujoji Vilnia, Lithuania), died on January 7th in Warsaw at 88 years.
Konwicki's literary and cinematic legacy serves as both the conscience of Polish society and the skewed mirror in which it is reflected. He is among those writers who have left the most lasting impression on post-war Polish literature and culture, regarded as a spokesman for the dreams, hopes and frustrations of several generations of Poles.
From the Besieged City (1956) inaugurated a Vilnius period that would include the novels A Hole in the Sky (1959), The Anthropos-spectre-beast (1969), A Chronicle of Amorous Incidents (1974) and Bohin (1987). These works, which are among Konwicki's most beautiful, evoke the region around Vilnius as a land of the coming-of-age and of an initiation into the meaning of life, of learning about love and death, a land where feelings are born and where a reconciliation with existence - a Faustian acceptance of duration - occurs. The portrait of contemporaneity, of a sterile region and acid-etched time, is most intense in Konwicki's series of novels that includes A Dreambook for Our Time (1963), Ascension Into Heaven (1967) and Nothing or Nothing (1971). They share an analysis of social memory that contains the evils of war and Stalinism, as well as the construction of a protagonist who is first unable to accept his own identity because it contains feelings of guilt, and then is unable to establish that identity because his way is blocked by the disconnect between himself and the present. That present is Konwicki's vision of a police state in which the population, under constant surveillance, slowly loses its contours and collapses into a shapeless mass. This image is further developed in his next literary period, which includes the best-known works of literature to be published outside the purview of state censorship: The Polish Complex (1977), A Minor Apocalypse (1979) and Underground River, Underground Birds (1984).
Konwicki's direct engagement with social issues grew steadily after the publication of Nothing or Nothing, but this engagement was counter-balanced by a series of "lying journals" that belonged neither to the realm of politics nor literature. They cannot be read either as pure fiction or non-fiction, and are very diverse in terms of genre and aesthetics. These works - The Calendar and the Hourglass (1976), Moonrise, Moonset (1982), Nowy Świat Street and Vicinity (1986), Northern Lights (1991) and Slander Against Myself (1995) - are collections of journal entries and essays, fragments of literary works and social indiscretions. Their freedom, charm, wit and wide-ranging humour make them, like Gombrowicz's Diaries, true literary gems that are often imitated. His books have also been translated into Czech, Dutch, Hungarian, Italian, Romanian and Russian.
I write above all for the reader, with the intention of giving pleasure, amusing, stunning or destroying. It is impossible to write without another person.
-Tadeusz Konwicki in Half a Century of Purgation
Source: www.polska2000.pl; copyright: Stowarzyszenie Willa Decjusza.
Also see below: Profile of Konwicki as a Writer by Przemysław Kaniecki and
Profile of Konwicki as a Filmmaker by Ewa Nawój
"I am the last man who remembers the beginning of the 19th century", maintains Tadeusz Konwicki. His memories of the Vilnius Region where he grew up paint a picture of a place that has not changed much since the time of Mickiewicz, at least in terms of civilization and culture. It was a place that shaped Konwicki's sensibilities and he would return to drink from its refreshing springs in the mature period of his work
Bitterly ironic beginnings
Konwicki's father died when Konwicki was three, and because of his mother's health problems he was raised by his extended family. From 1932 he went to live permanently with his great aunt and uncle Blinstrub in Kolonia Wileńska, a very religious, traditional household imbued with the atmosphere of the cult of the January 1863 Uprising.
Just before the war, Konwicki began to attend the King Zygmunt August secondary school in Vilnius, where he studied for a year. After the war broke out he continued his studies through underground courses, passing his matriculation exams in 1944. He escaped from forced labour clearing a forest and went to work in a German army hospital for "volunteers". When the Vilnius Uprising broke out in July, Konwicki joined the Eighth "Oszmianan" Brigade of the Home Army. In the autumn, after a period of hiding at a farm near Vilnius, he returned once more to the partisans, which were already anti-Bolshevik. The group hid in the woods until the end of April.
In May, 1945, Konwicki and a few friends used falsified documents to cross the new Polish border in order to make contact with local partisan groups, but it became impossible to keep fighting. Konwicki started to work on former German properties in Gliwice, and after a few months he went to Cracow where he started to study Polish literature at Jagiellonian University.
Konwicki got a job as a proofreader for the Odrodzenie monthly and he soon started working as a reporter and graphic artist for Dziennik Polski, publishing "Sketches from the Coast". He was promoted at Odrodzenie and began writing reviews of new books and films, as well as drawing and technical editing. When the monthly moved to the ruined city of Warsaw, Konwicki moved with it. In the summer of 1947 he made his debut as a poet, and then, encouraged by Tadeusz Borowski and Roman Bratny, he wrote his first short story (Corporal Koziołek and Me).
Konwicki's first novel, Rojsty, which was similar to his first partisan stories in its bitterly ironic tone, would not be published in 1948 because of censorship (the book would appear only in 1956, and then it included many changes by the censors). Despite the fact that the book does not mythologize the anti-Soviet partisans in the Vilnius region, and despite the fact that it settles scores with imperial patriotic ideology and has obvious links with the romantic tradition, the novel was stopped because of the very fact that it talks about the Vilnius Uprising. The same happened to Konwicki's second novel, New Days. Like all his works, it contains many autobiographical sections and follows the hero (who not long ago fought the Red Army) as he matures into an acceptance of the idea of socialism.
Time of "the pimpled"
Konwicki's first book was a socialist-realist story called, At the Building Site, written after his experience of working at Nowa Huta (October 1949 - March 1950). Over the next few years Konwicki worked as a committed writer and journalist, belonging to a group known as "the pimpled". He published ideological investigations and articles in Nowa Kultura (New Culture) and Sztandar Młodych (The Young Standard), among others. In 1953, he joined the Communist Party. By that time he was already working on proof-copies of The Power, a political, existential and multi-layered novel about the difficulties of establishing a new system in a country, and about young people from different political camps who have to make complicated ideological choices. The novel reveals the so-called right-wing deviation, argues for the communist cause and urges belief in the slogans disseminated by the founders of the new system. Nevertheless, the novel wasn't published until the beginning of 1954, by which time Konwicki, although still faithful to socialist ideas, was beginning to be sceptical of dogmatic restrictions and pro-regime propaganda.
This skepticism is noticeable in two of Konwicki's books: The Hour of Sadness, which deals mainly with the problem of love and marital infidelity (a subject almost unimaginable at that time), and From the Besieged City, about an intelligent man who flees abroad because he cannot stand the constant ideological intrusion into his private life. In both books Konwicki clearly defends the right to self-determination, to intimacy and to the mere possibility of ideological doubt. The first book was published during the second half of 1954, although the following January it was severely criticized at a meeting of the Basic Party Organization at the Polish Writers' Union (as described by Leopold Tyrmand in his Diary 1954). Konwicki's second novel was published only during the thaw in 1956, under quite different circumstances.
October of 1956 opened a new chapter in Konwicki's work. Many years later (in The Calendar and the Hourglass and in an extensive interview with Stanisław Bereś titled Half Century of Purgatory), the writer would admit that this period of time was very painful for him, mainly because of the reversals in the attitudes of his ideological mentors.
Those who ideologically moulded me in some way, who instructed me, who were teaching me [...] - all those people suddenly said one day: and you, you sucker, you believed that? Were you so naive?
- in "The Shadow of the Foreign Army", reprinted in the volume The Wind and the Dust
Konwicki explores his own situation and mental state in the book The Hole in the Sky (1959). What seems to be a charming book for young people about children from the pre-war Vilnius Region is, in truth, a story about disillusionment and shattered ideals. The world of Polek Krywko, the main character, is destroyed when his friends make fun of him because of his naive belief in mysterious people for whom everybody is waiting. He also shares his feelings in the diary of a strange man who hangs himself when he loses his grasp on the meaning of life.
This "diary of a hanged man" is a surprising break from the fluent traditional narration of The Hole in the Sky, and it cannot be logically explained. This part of the book signals the beginning of Konwicki's artistic drift towards surrealism. What is more, in the "diary" we can see something that was recognized and defined by Tadeusz Lubelski, the most eminent scholar of Konwicki's work: the motive of the road, a symbol of creativity and a prominent motif in his later books.
After those first sketches of dreamy and self-reflective writing in The Hole in the Sky came A Dreambook for Our Time (1963). This is one of the masterpieces of post-war Polish literature, suggestive psychological prose with differentiated narration and a "story within a story" that illustrates the generational experiences of wartime and difficult post-war choices. A Dreambook for Our Times acquired a cult following, not only among Polish readers but also in Russia.
The novel has several parts. One is a contemporary story that takes place on the Soła river where a water tank is being built, and the other is a series of retrospectives that show the childhood and youth of the main character, Paweł. The retrospectives cover crucial moments of his life, mainly those related to anti-German and later anti-Soviet partisans. But they also show the betrayal of friends from the partisan group after the war, when Paweł joins the Communist Party. The past literally invades Paweł's present, which is also evident in the diversity of time and place in the contemporary storyline. This was discovered by Jan Walc, the author of the first Ph.D. thesis about Tadeusz Konwicki, who points out the fact that the action takes place simultaneously in the 1960s on the Soła river in Galicia, and before the war in the Vilnius Region (i.e. in Galicia there was no January Uprising, the history of which defines the valley; the real Soła does not flow south, the direction in which many eastern rivers flow).
Nevertheless Walc warns against disregarding the book's contemporary story. The novel is not only an analysis of past and historical experience but also a portrait of a modern man lost in a world without axioms, of a man besieged by ideologies and forced to constantly choose.
Konwicki himself participated in a discussion with critics who did not see (or did not want to see) that A Dreambook is actually about the present time. He did so through his next novel, entitled Ascension (1967), which was ostentatiously contemporary.
In it, the main character wakes up one evening and cannot remember who he is. He goes for an all-night journey through 1960s Warsaw (during the Gomułka period), not realizing that it is an after-death journey into the afterlife. Incidentally, many aspects of the "afterlife" that emerges from the reality of Warsaw bears a striking resemblance to the Vilnius Region.
The hero-narrator, known among his friends as Charon, tries to overcome his amnesia by constructing the supposed story of his life. The story is yet another panorama of the experiences of Konwicki's generation, a feature that is often present in his work. Through his "memory exercises" the hero recalls the things he thinks are the most important or timeless, the things he wants to save. He has philosophical thoughts about a river, a forest and the sky. The enduring value that emerges from his murky adventures, which end at the top of Warsaw's Palace of Culture, is love.
Ascension is a legendary book, not least because it is a novel with a political double meaning. Konwicki shows Polish reality as a totalitarian world (the writer would soon be crossed off the list of Party members). The legend of the book was made even more powerful by the story of its publication - the authorities considered it scandalous, and it was only allowed a few reviews and limited distribution.
Many literary critics and historians consider this novel to be Konwicki's most outstanding work of prose.
Anti-fables for adults and children
This focus on contemporary times is also visible in Konwicki's next novels, The Anthropos-Spectre-Beast (1969) and Nothing or Nothing (1971). These are extremely gloomy books, showing the hopelessness of everyday life after March 1968, the anti-intellectual witch-hunts and the disgraceful anti-Semitic propaganda that resulted in the mass emigration of Jewish Poles.
The first book is actually about March 1968, although it was supposedly written for young children and is illustrated with Danuta Konwicka's pictures along with many jokes and adventures. The Anthropos-Spectre-Beast is a story of a boy from Warsaw who, together with his dog Sebastian, travels to the pre-war Vilnius Region. But in among the colourful adventures, the reader discovers hints that the hero is actually a little boy dying in a hospital. The theme of death in a book for children makes Konwicki one of the precursors of the anti-fable trend in literature for young people.
Nothing or Nothing, the book that closes the "existential triptych" (the first two parts are A Dreambook for Our Time and Ascension), is a story exclusively for adults. Like Ascension, its main plot is based on real-life sensational events, namely, a series of murders committed by a "vampire". The main character, who suffers from "consciousness epilepsy", is not aware that it is he who kills the women during his attacks. Suspected by the police, he escapes and travels around Poland. This motive allows Konwicki to illustrate, through allusion, the entrapment of people in the Polish People's Republic.
Lithuanian partisan groups show up in another part of the book, and, towards the end, there is a vision of the end of the world. At the beginning of the book, boys talking in the Lithuanian and Belarusian forest about the beautiful and just future ahead of them are confronted with the reality of contemporary life, a collision that leads to the collapse of any hope for a better life after the war. This is the idea expressed in the title: a choice between two hopeless alternatives. Helena Zaworska, in her review of Nothing or Nothing, wrote: "Does the title therefore present total, desperate, nihilist negation? Perhaps not negation, but rather a conviction of the total helplessness of a man against the chaos and absurdity that destroy him."
A Chronicle of Amorous Incidents (1974), written within the convention of an almost kitsch affair between young people in the beautiful times before the war, in the Vilnius Region, is also, on one level, a story about the times after March 1968. Witold is a mysterious stranger who, under peculiar circumstances, visits enamoured Witek, and who wakes up near the end of the book in his flat in contemporary Warsaw. It's no coincidence that he commits suicide not far from the Gdańsk Railway Station (from which Polish Jews were leaving the country). But still, the book remains yet another expression of hope in Konwicki's work, hope that lies in art. The author constructs a plot based on the form of popular literature, additionally accompanied by sensational excerpts from pre-war newspapers. He stresses the hopeful potential inherent in artistic creativity, as well as pointing to the existential strength of even the most banal literary voyages back to the "childhood country".
The novel was made into a film in the mid-1980s by Andrzej Wajda, with Konwicki himself playing the Stranger.
On "transparent captivity"
With A Chronicle of Amorous Incidents, Konwicki closed his second prose triptych of books both for children and adults. He opened another with a new book, a combination of a diary and memoirs. The Calendar and the Hourglass (1976) is his first silva rerum type of book - a work that combines different literary genres. The book, written in the form of a quasi-diary, is a collection of observations, anecdotes, memoirs and confessions on a variety of topics. These include the writer's participation in building the socialist system in Poland, descriptions of journeys, as well as portraits of friends - both those who died recently (heart-breaking reminiscences about the writer Wilhelm Mach and the painter Aleksander Kobzdej) - as well as those still living (including writers Antoni Słonimski and Stanisław Dygat, and actors Gustaw Holoubek and Andrzej Łapicki). The book became famous just for the last group of artists' portraits, which were often scandalous – bordering on gossip – while also casting the individuals in a universal light. The Calendar was also widely read for the picture it drew of a society vegetating in mock autonomy. The Calendar - funny, perverse, provocative and moving - is actually a treatise on the necessity of freedom.
The Polish Complex (1977) contains more such reflections, although is does so less through allusions and more through clearly-formulated critique. Konwicki openly describes the conditions of Polish society in the 1970s, striving for synthesis, although only through literary means. The proverbial queue of people waiting to buy Russian gold (part of the primary storyline of Christmas) is ironically contrasted with a solemn letter from a patriot who loves Poland - or rather the idea of Poland, very different from the reality. Scenes from the January Uprising are also incorporated, including the tragic history of one of its leaders, Zygmunt Mineyko, and a moving scene from the life of Romuald Traugutt who meets his wife as he is leaving to take up his post as leader of the Uprising.
Such a book could not be published officially and was printed in the third issue of the independent underground magazine Zapis.
Eschatology plus a prescription for dandruff
The Polish Complex, in its bitter synthesis of social questions, was the first sign of Konwicki's next period, in which he began writing political books. Despite its dark subject matter, this book does not directly attack the reader, and Poland's dangerous eastern neighbour is referred to only through circumlocution and allusion. But Konwicki's second book is drastic, and provokes the strongest emotions. A Minor Apocalypse (1979) is the most famous of the author's novels, both in Poland and internationally, and it is one of the best-known Polish underground books.
The main character and narrator is a writer, Tadeusz K. The character is very close to the author, something characteristic of Konwicki's books and films, in which the heroes are always "close" to him - they live in places similar to Konwicki's Warsaw flat, and they have similar fears, complexes and pasts. A Minor Apocalypse opens with two members of the opposition coming to Tadeusz K.'s flat. They want him to burn himself to death in protest against plans to incorporate Poland into the Soviet Union as another republic. The hero, caught in the forceps of moral blackmail, walks the streets of Warsaw until the final evening at the Palace of Culture. On the way he meets people with many different political options, talks with them, meets a Russian girl Nadieżda (Hope) and falls in love. At one point he goes through an underground passage leading to a ball room awaiting prominent guests, and is forced to tolerate the presence of his alter ego, Tadzio Skórka, who quotes Tadeusz K.'s earliest novels (actually fragments of Konwicki's books) five times and who, while an admirer of the writer, is also working for the secret service. This dark plot is interwoven with essay-like intermedia full of black humour, erotic and medical advice (such as a prescription for skin problems), and quotations from the bleak poems of his friends.
The Poland of A Minor Apocalypse is a country in its death throes. Everything breaks down; the most important bridge collapses and nobody bothers to remove the rubble from the town centre. The Soviet influence is strong, people are asked to show their identity cards all the time, nobody knows what day it is and the only calendar that shows the proper date is locked up and well guarded. But the book is not only a portrait of the economic, political and moral disintegration of Poland at the end of the Gierek years. It is also a very bitter and unprecedented settling of accounts with the opposition, which is, in fact, similar to the regime it is fighting.
"You are the secretion of this system, a rib from the body of this tyranny. You are from Dostoevsky's 'The Possessed' and from the stories of Żeromski and Strug", says Tadeusz K. He mentions the names of two writers, both extremely important for Polish intellectuals and for Konwicki himself, who, with their uncompromising work, shaped the moral conscience of the intelligentsia. A Minor Apocalypse has been widely recognised in Poland and abroad, and provokes extreme reactions. There have been reviews voicing everything from admiration to sharp polemics. Gustaw Herling-Grudziński in his Journal Written at Night, published regularly in "Kultura" (Paris), wrote:
Blubber and a satirical puppet show are [...] mechanically mixed without nuance or balance, and they are mixed with such a love of 'antics' and 'kicks' that the mixture becomes almost without exception [...] a parade of national hysterics.
-Kultura", 1979, No 10
Jan Kott (Wiadomości, London, 1980 No 1) disagreed with the opinion that the novel's vision was hysterical. He compared its authenticity with "Gogol's Petersburg nightmares" and other works, including the third part of Mickiewicz's Dziady and Kafka's The Trial (with its motif of the "sentence"). These, for Kott, were the appropriate context in which to read the novel. Herling-Grudziński, in his answer to Kott (Kultura, 1980 No 4) labelled the notion of hysterics as the "demonization of Russians that enlarges and deepens the sick savouring of weakness; while most of what in Poland today is 'corpse-like and ghostly' - and what can be opposed - is a product of the Soviets". Konwicki, in a long interview entitled Half Century of Purgatory, would maintain that Russification and Sovietization were one and the same, although he stressed that he was still fascinated by the great works of Russian literature.
For A Minor Apocalypse, Konwicki was awarded the Mieczysław Grydzewski Prize (for the best book published in exile in 1979) and the Italian Premio Letterario Internationale "Mondello" (1981). In the 1990s the well-known director, Costa Gavras, made a film based on the novel.
"Back to the yoke"
Strong anti-Soviet themes also appear in Moonrise, Moonset (1982). It is enough to say that in this book, Konwicki suggests that KGB [the Soviet Committee for State Security] was responsible for the attack on Pope John Paul II - a theory widely disseminated only twenty years later.
But it is not only a political book. The second of Konwicki's silva rerums, it is full of anecdotes and memoirs (such as the heart-breaking portrait of Dygat, or the beautiful epitaph for the unjustly-forgotten artist and writer Mieczysław Piotrowski). There are also portraits of friends - one funny chapter is devoted to Stanisław Lem. The book is a kind of a notebook describing problems related to the film adaptation of Miłosz's The Issa Valley, and it includes the beginning of an unfinished novel. It also includes - horror of horrors! - fragments of New Days, a novel from the 1940s and '50s about the post-war years, full of belief in the socialist system, which was unpublished due to censorship. Moonrise, Moonset is one of Konwicki's least-known books, though it is, in fact, one of his best.
After martial law was proclaimed in 1981, Konwicki closed his political triptych with Underground River, Underground Birds (1984). The plot is about a character who wanders about, afraid of being imprisoned. The Seventh (the only symbolic name in Konwicki's work, standing for the seventh post-war uprising after 1944, 1956, 1968, 1970, 1976 and 1980), hears knocking on the door, escapes by the balcony and starts wandering through Warsaw with stencils of illegal poems in his bag. In the prologue, epilogue and the intermedia strewn among the thirteen chapters, Konwicki scatters visionary images of his past in Vilnius and the afterlife. The poetry, carefully carried in the bag, turns out to be worthless, and the chase only imagined. Thus the book is very ironic (as well as being self-ironic), and serves as a polemic against the underground literature which, in Konwicki's opinion, had lost its power.
The consequence of this conviction was New World Avenue and Vicinity (1986) – a "return to the yoke" (a phrase from the book) - which marked Konwicki's return to official publishing. This silva rerum is written with a censor in mind, a censor whom Konwicki openly mentions in the book, writing, for example, directly to him and constantly arguing with him. The book closes another triptych. It is similar in form to The Calendar and the Hourglass and Moonrise, Moonset, but more like a series of articles with whole chapters full of anecdotes, portraits, memoirs, travel descriptions (like a quasi-guide to Warsaw and walks on New World Avenue), and self-commentary. These appear to have been stimulated by talks with Stanisław Bereś, recorded simultaneously, which would be compiled into the long interview Half Century of Purgatory, published at the same time but only underground and abroad.
A Jew in a manor house affair
A year later Konwicki published at a state publishing house Bohin Manor (1987), one of his most beautiful and most widely read novels. Bohin Manor is an example of popular literature, in this case of a manor house love affair, a genre that played an important role in Polish literature in the 19th century (in books like On the Niemen River by Eliza Orzeszkowa) but was later trivialized through popular imitators (like Maria Rodziewiczówna) and trashy novels (such as the infamously immortal Helena Mniszkówna).
Through the story of a love-affair that takes place in a manor house after the January Uprising, Konwicki comments on the conditions of society under martial law while at the same time changing the conventions of the love story. He does it first to create his own autotematic realization ("I come back with great difficulty through the dunes of past time, through swamps of days and forests of hours to my grandmother Helena Konwicka [...]. And maybe I am chasing her through areas of premonitions, through lakes of longing, through thick fogs of uncertainty"). Secondly, he mounts a kind of social provocation (which was stressed by Stanisław Bereś in an extensive review published under a pseudonym in the magazine Aneks, No 48/1988, and reprinted in The Review of Contemporary Fiction, vol. 3/1994, devoted partly to Konwicki). The lover in this manor house love-affair is a Jew and Bohin Manor is a book meant as an attack on Polish anti-Semitism, reminding us of our common Polish-Jewish past.
At the beginning of the 1990s, Konwicki returned to the subject of Jews in Northern Lights (1991). The book was again in silva rerum-style - a number of loosely connected thoughts of the writer, travel logs (including from Japan and Australia), impressions of three Polish Jews (Leopold Tyrmand, Adam Michnik and the editor Zofia Łuczek), a portrait of the Konwicki family and a short story, in the central part of the book, about a Jewish fugitive: A Few Days of War Which Maybe Was Not. In it, in accordance with the title, the war does not really exist. Only love counts, with the unusual transformation of a hero whose fear evaporates when he falls in love. Love annuls the evil around us and gives new meaning to life.
"I am stepping out of the ring"
Page-Turner (1992), published soon after Northern Lights, speaks about love in a similar way. It turns out to be the only value that is worth saving in a world full of chaos - but in this case it is the contemporary world, contemporary Poland. The novel, written with biting sarcasm, is a very unpleasant diagnosis of the condition of society after 1989; with this book Konwicki does what is, by then, expected of him: once again, he takes on the role of a writer painting a picture of the Polish community. By inserting such a mirror into his treatises about repetition and about the fall of the world of culture, the world of language and his own world, the author uses up all his fictional devices and shuts the door to fiction behind him.
And with Slander Against Myself (1995), Konwicki shuts behind him the door to all of literature.Slander is a farewell silva rerum, teasing but not scathing, written for pleasure - both the readers' and his own. Przemysław Czapliński ("Gazeta Wyborcza", December 6th, 1995) remarked on it in his review, underlining the fact that it is a noncommittal sort of writing. The meeting with the author has to be selfless, "with a good friend", with somebody well liked. In a televised interview with Stanisław Bereś, Konwicki says about his (self-declared) last book:
I would call it the kind of scenario that I write to meet with my readers. It is a form that encourages the reader to nod or to disagree, or to finish the thought that I started. Anyway, to participate in the creative process, which was always my ambition from the very beginning of my writing. I wanted to find a literary formula that would take the reader, together with me, into the plan of action, would encourage him to collaborate, participate, to create with me a psychological event, or - to put it modestly - an intellectual event.
Konwicki emphatically announced his disappearance from literature in a number of public declarations, including in the television interview with Bereś ("I am stepping out of the ring and leaving a place for future generations", he said.) But the first time was in "Kwartalnik Artystyczny" No 2/1996, in the questionnaire "Why I write". He said, "Suddenly I got old. I am bored and disheartened. How can I answer such a question? That I should not have written at all and that I put my pen away with a sigh of relief (probably for ever)".
And unfortunately, he really did put away his literary pen. So far, he has not published a new book since Slander. Later, he wrote several articles (the series "Horizon of events"), and gave only a few interviews, one quite long (about his films, I Remember It Was Hot, in a talk with Katarzyna Bielas and Jacek Szczerba, 2001). In 2008 he allowed the publication of his short prose pieces in a volume titled, The Wind and the Dust.
This last book contains (in chronological order): short stories, introductions to books and albums, reminiscences of friends, answers to questionnaires, satires, the unfinished story "A Bit of Apogee", essays, articles and drawings from the forties and fifties. It is a panorama of Konwicki's activities as a writer and director, and in a way it sums up more than half a century of unusual, manifold artistic creativity.
Author: Przemysław Kaniecki, November 2009; translated by Alicja Skarbińska-Zielińska
Konwicki's adolescence coincided with World War II, and his education, like that of many of his peers, took place through clandestine courses. Taken to Germany as a forced labourer in 1941, Konwicki managed to escape, passed the secret baccalaureate exams in 1944 and joined the Home Army underground forces. After the war he enrolled in a Polish literature and language course at Krakow's Jagiellonian University and, from 1947, continued his studies at Warsaw University. Never graduating, Konwicki took up journalistic and literary work, contributing to a number of magazines and completing a script-writing course for young writers organised by Bolesław Lewicki at the Łódź Film School.
Konwicki worked for both Odrodzenie and Nowa Kultura, chiefly as a film critic, and acted as literary manager for three film-making groups: Kadr from 1956-58, Kraj from 1970-72 and Pryzmat from 1972-77. He made his screenwriting debut in 1954, followed by his debut as a film director four years later.
In 1966, Konwicki was dismissed from the Polish United Workers' Party, an organisation of which he had been a member since 1952, for signing a letter of protest following the expulsion of Leszek Kolakowski from the Party ranks. In the 1970s Konwicki sided with the opposition, a choice that was to have grave consequences for his work. Indeed, most of the books he wrote in the 1970s and '80s were published by underground publishers. A collection of scripts called The Last Day of Summer, which came out officially in 1971, was an exception, but the publication of "An Apogee", a story that appeared in instalments in "Literatura", was stalled by the censors a year later. Konwicki stopped directing until 1981, when he directed The Issa Valley.
In 1982 Konwicki was a signatory of the Polish intellectuals' appeal against the imposition of martial law, and in 1984 he took part in the European Cultural Unity Congress in Venice.
Konwicki won the Grand Prix for The Last Day of Summer, awarded at the International Festival of Documentary and Short Feature Films in Venice in 1958. He also won the Special Award for the script of How Far, How Close to Here at the San Remo Film Festival, and the "Eagle" Polish Film Award for Lifetime Achievement in 2001.
If Konwicki's name looms large in the history of Polish film-making, it is not only due to his own films. He has also been behind a number of other directors' major projects. He is particularly credited as the literary manager of the "Kadr" film-making group, headed by Jerzy Kawalerowicz. He was also instrumental in (or provided inspiration for) the making of many important films of the Polish school movement, including those by directors like Andrzej Munk, Andrzej Wajda and Kazimierz Kutz. It was Konwicki who recommended Jerzy Stefan Stawiński's short story Canal / Kanał to Wajda when it was still a manuscript.
Konwicki's prose and essays written before the political thaw of 1956 bear all the typical marks of an author toeing the ideological line of the authorities, and they are, indeed, ideologically committed. But his film-making, which dates mostly from his later years, is nearly completely free of that fault. He got a rather unfortunate start as co-writer of the politically oriented script of Career, a movie directed by Jan Koecher. But as early as 1958 Konwicki got the chance to direct his first film, The Last Day of Summer, an important movie for several reasons. For one thing, it turned Konwicki from a man of letters flirting with the cinema into a full-fledged film-maker who, to quote Tadeusz Lubelski's later phrase, "was leaving behind the era of socialist realism" (Kino 6/2001) and its impact on his literary works. Secondly, to quote Lubelski again, "Konwicki's film debut took our film-making right into the very heart of European pursuits". Indeed, Konwicki was a forerunner of European trends; The Last Day of Summer, which is often compared to the French New Wave, was already being screened while the French film-makers were only just working out the principles of the New Wave breakthrough. This formally ascetic film, made by a group of friends with an extremely low budget and in a semi-amateurish style, was an unprecedented success. The protagonists, whose vivid memories of the war make them unable to enjoy true intimacy, are iconic characters for Konwicki. When interviewed by Konrad Eberhardt (Film 51/1960), he confessed that he consciously avoided direct representations of the calamities of war, choosing instead to focus on their psychological impact. This is where the value of The Last Day of Summer lies. It is in this approach to the war that Boleslaw Michałek ("Film" 28/1964) saw the beginnings of another, non-heroic trend in the Polish school, which would later produce such films as Konwicki's All Souls' Day, Jerzy Passendorfer's Return, Kazimierz Kutz's Nobody is Calling and Wojciech Has's How to be Loved.
War-damaged protagonists would come to populate Konwicki's films and books. The past dwelling in the present - a recurring theme for Konwicki - would be approached through increasingly complex formal means and in a variety of tones, balanced between the solemn, the ironic and the grotesque, mixing realism with dreams.
Konwicki belongs to a generation for whom the experience of war was all the more shattering because it occurred in their youth, along with their first joys, fascinations and loves. This is why (as Jacek Fuksiewicz notes in "Tadeusz Konwicki", a biography written in 1967) Konwicki creates protagonists who hate their past but are also fascinated by it. This is true of All Souls' Day, Salto and How Far, How Close to Here, as well as of Konwicki's prose. His stories grow out of his own past, but they are more than simply autobiographical.
I write books and make films about myself", said Konwicki in his interview with Eberhard. "In other words, I describe myself in the conditional mode, past imperfect or future tense. I create situations in which I behaved or could have behaved or wish I had behaved in a certain way."
This mixture of tenses and modes is what produced Konwicki's own particular style, a blend of the living and the dead, of the true, the likely and the untrue. He uses it to vivisect individuals as well as national myths and stereotypes; this style is especially visible in Salto and How Far, How Close to Here.
Most of Konwicki's films were based on scenarios he wrote himself. His two literary adaptations - The Issa Valley, from the novel by Czesław Miłosz and Lava, from Dziady / The Forefathers' Eve by Adam Mickiewicz - both used Konwicki's own scripts. In The Issa Valley the director and the writer share a sense of nostalgia for the lost Arcadia of childhood. Mickiewicz's Dziady was to Konwicki the very essence of the Polish national myth, myth playing a prominent role in Konwicki's own works. After all, his entire output is, in a way, a performance of the spirit-evoking rite much like the one in Mickiewicz's "forefathers' eve".
The public did not respond to Konwicki's Dziady (1989) as favourably as could have been expected. The screening coincided with a radical and difficult transformation of the system, and the public was still in a shock over the changes.
In 1969 our elite was ready to give their lives for each performance of 'Dziady'. Twenty years later, 'Lava' did not have much of an audience.
-Konwicki in an interview with Andrzej Werner (Kino 1/1991).
Since then, Konwicki has not made a single film. Instead, in 1994 he discovered a new experience in staging Maxim Gorky's Yegor Bulychov and Others at Warsaw's Ateneum Theatre.
As a script-writer, Konwicki has successfully adapted several literary works for other directors. The Pharaoh, Mother Joan of Angels and Austeria are the best examples. Of particular note is A Chronicle of Amorous Incidents, directed by Andrzej Wajda, for which Konwicki adapted his own novel.
Author: Ewa Nawój, November 2003; updated: November 2009.
Books and Films by Tadeusz Konwicki:
Rojsty, Warsaw: Czytelnik, 1956
Z oblężonego miasta / From the Besieged City, Warsaw: Iskry, 1956
Dziura w niebie / A Hole in the Sky, Warsaw: Iskry, 1959
Sennik współczesny / A Dreambook for Our Time, Warsaw: Iskry, 1963
Wniebowstąpienie / Ascension Into Heaven, Warsaw: Iskry, 1967
Zwierzoczłekoupiór / The Anthropos-spectre-beast, Warsaw: Czytelnik, 1969
Nic albo nic / Nothing or Nothing, Warsaw: Czytelnik, 1969
Kronika wypadków miłosnych / Chronicle of Amorous Incidents, Warsaw: Czytelnik, 1974
Kalendarz i Klepsydra / The Calendar and the Hourglass, Warsaw: Czytelnik, 1976
Kompleks polski / The Polish Complex, Warsaw: Alfa, 1989
Mała apokalipsa / A Minor Apocalypse, Warsaw: Alfa, 1988
Wschody i zachody księżyca / Moonrise, Moonset, Warsaw: Krag, 1982
Rzeka podziemna, podziemne ptaki / Underground River, Underground Birds, Warsaw: Alfa, 1984
Nowy Świat i okolice / Nowy Świat Street and Vicinity, Warsaw: Czytelnik, 1986
Bohiń, Warsaw, 1991
Zorze wieczorne / Northern Lights, Warsaw: Alfa, 1991
Czytadło / Page-Turner, Warsaw: Niezalezna Oficyna Wydawnicza, 1992
Pamflet na siebie / Slander Against Myself, Warsaw: Czytelnik, 1995
Pamietam, że było gorąco / I remember it was hot, Krakow: Znak, 2001
Kalendarz i klepsydra (uncensored original version), Czytelnik 2005
Wiatr i pył ["The Wind and the Dust"], Czytelnik 2008.
A Dreambook for Our Time / Sennik współczesny, The MIT Press, 1970
The Anthropos-spectre-beast / Zwierzoczłekoupiór, New York: S. Phillips, 1977
The Polish Complex / Kompleks polski, New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1982
A Minor Apocalypse / Mała apokalipsa, New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1983
Moonrise, Moonset / Wschody i zachody księżyca, New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1987
Bohin Manor / Bohiń, New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1990
New World Avenue and Vicinity / Nowy Świat i okolice, New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1991
L'Ascension, Paris: Gallimard, 1971;
Béthofantôme, Paris: Ed. Rupture 1978;
La petite apocalypse, Paris: Robert Laffont, 1981;
La Clé des songes contemporains, Paris: Robert Laffont, 1983;
Bohini, un manoir en Lituanie, Paris: Robert Laffont, 1984;
Fleuve souterrain, oiseaux de nuit, Paris: Robert Laffont, 1986;
Chronique des événements amoureux, Paris: Laffont-P.O.F., 1987;
Le complexe polonais, Paris: Laffont-P.O.F., 1988;
Le Nouveau Monde, Paris: Laffont-P.O.F., 1989;
Le Trou dans le ciel, Paris: Critérion, 1992;
Roman de gare contemporain, Paris: Robert Laffont, 1994
Kronik der Liebesunfälle, Berlin-Weimar: Aufbau-Verlag, 1978;
Die polnische Apokalypse, Frankfurt: S. Fischer, 1982;
Angst hat grosse Augen, Wien: Europe-Verlag, 1973;
Die neue Strecke, Berlin: Dietz, 1951;
Modernes Tagebuch, München: Biederstein, 1964;
Auf der Spitze des Kulturpalastes, Hamburg: Claassen, 1973
Den lille apokalypse, Kopenhagen: Brundum, 1984
Isoäidin tarina, Hämeenlinna: Tammi, 1997
Pieni ilmestyskirja, Helsinki: Tammi, 1983
Nochebuena polaca, Barcelona: Seix Barral, 1984;
Un pequeño apocalipsis, Barcelona: Mario Muchnik, 1987
Director and script-writer:
1958 - The Last Day of Summer / Ostatni dzień lata (co-directed with Jan Laskowski)
Two lonely people meet on a deserted beach, trying vainly to get closer to each other, prevented by memories of the past dramas. The woman is particularly haunted by the war memories, the noise of aeroplanes reminding her of the death of the pilot she loved.
Turning limitations into strengths, Konwicki made a film whose power lies in the acting of just two actors set in the wilderness. Meticulously shot, the film is profoundly symbolic and, despite the seeming inaction, quite dynamic owing to the studied close-ups of the actors' faces and the use of the American plan. Of note is Jan Laskowski's camera work.
Awards: 1958 - Grand Prix at the International Festival of Documentary and Short Feature Film in Venice; Main Prize for an experimental film at EXPO 58 in Brussels; 1st Prize at the International Film Festival in London; 1974 - Cinema Lovers' Award for the Best Film of the 30 years of the Polish People's Republic, Świebodzin).
1961 - All Souls' Day / Zaduszki
Tragic memories of the war past stand in the way of getting truly close by two feeling-hungry, handicapped people. Both lost their beloved and the woman is additionally plagued by the sense of guilt for her boyfriend's death. A weekend spent together in a small town bringing back the painful memories nearly destroys the relationship which both of them need so badly.
Awards: 1962 - Special Jury Award at the International Film Festival in Mannheim; mention of the Folk Universities Association
1965 - Abitur, a story in Augenblick Des Friedens (Baccalaureate /Peace Time), a Hamburg television film of three parts, the other parts directed by France's Georges Franju and Germany's Egon Monk.
The plot is set during World War II. A young Pole is about to take his baccalaureate exams at underground courses, but his mind is preoccupied with the desire to join the partisans. His story is intertwined with those of a German and a Russian. The serious content is offset by the jocular tone.
1965 - Salto
A Mr Kowalski-Malinowski (Smith-Brown) comes to a small town, telling a number of versions of his life story, all apparently related to the locality. The visitor attracts attention, builds a strange, self-contradictory legend and undermines the sleepy quietness of the semi-surrealist town. A mocking picture of a war veteran, with equally mocking representations of national attitudes, deriving from the national mythology and represented by the locals. Stefan Morawski wrote these words about Salto in Film 31/1965: "Now the dramatic war veteran reveals the face of a buffoon, the drama turns into a tragic farce, the rituals and incantations ingrained in the national consciousness are parodied, and war suffering is shown in a grotesque light".
Awards: 1967 - Honorary Diploma at the International Film Festival in Edinburgh
1972 - How Far from Here, How Close / Jak daleko stąd, jak blisko
A portrait of a man who analyses his life on his 44th birthday. The past and the present, the actual and potential developments blend in a dreamy vision. "The protagonist seems to assume that travelling in time is possible, and things happen in an imaginary, invented time which he fittingly adjusts and changes", said Konwicki in the Film Press News 1/1972. The film is a formally complex analysis of what is commonly referred to as the Polish fate.
Awards: 1972 - The Warsaw Mermaid of the Film Critics' Club at the Polish Journalists' Association in the feature film category; Special Jury Award at the Lubuskie Film Summer in Łagów; 1973 - Special Award for Screenplay at the San Remo Film Festival.
1982 - The Issa Valley / Dolina Issy (based on a novel by Czesław Miłosz)
Like its literary basis, the film is a nostalgic return to the country of childhood, lost not only because of passing time but also literally, for in the aftermath of World War II the Vilnius region where both Konwicki and Milosz grew up turned to be beyond the borders of Poland. A contemplative story of growing up, the inevitable passage of time, and destiny.
1989 - Lava. The Story of Adam Mickiewicz's 'Dziady' / Opowieść o 'Dziadach' Adama Mickiewicza. Lawa
An avant garde adaptation of Adam Mickiewicz's Dziady /The Forefathers' Eve, supplemented with a reflection on the historic role of the drama and its presence in the Polish national identity.
Awards: 1989 - Award of the Lodz Museum of Cinematography at the Polish Film Festival in Gdynia; 1990 - Golden Tape 1998 Award of the Film Writers Group of the Polish Film-Making Association; The Warsaw Mermaid of the Film Critics' Club at the Polish Journalists' Association in the 1989 feature film category; The Don Quixote Award of the Polish Federation of Film Debating Societies; Award of the Chairman of the Cinematography Committee; Special Jury Award for a creative interpretation of a literary work at the Gdynia Polish Feature Film Festival.
1954 - Career / Kariera (directed by Jan Koecher).
Konwicki, who co-wrote the script with Kazimierz Sumerski, confided in an interview given to Katarzyna Bielas and Jacek Szczerba and published as "Tadeusz Konwicki. I remember it was hot" in Krakow in 2000 that the idea was Wiktor Woroszylski's and that he was involved in an initial stage of the scrip-writing process. A propaganda story of a spy from the West attempting to recruit collaborators in Poland. Published as "The Iron Curtain" (Warsaw 1955).
1956 - Winter Dusk / Zimowy zmierzch (directed by Stanisław Lenartowicz)
A psychological drama set in a provincial town. A conflict between the father and his son. The son, who returns from the army, has let down the girlfriend who had been waiting for him. Stylistically close to the German expressionism, the film was artistically innovative following the age of social realism.
1960 - Mother Joan of Angels / Matka Joanna od Aniołów (directed by Jerzy Kawalerowicz).
Konwicki co-wrote the script with Kawalerowicz after a novel by Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz.
1965 - Pharaoh / Faraon (directed by Jerzy Kawalerowicz).
Konwicki co-wrote the script with Kawalerowicz after a novel by Bolesław Prus
1967 - Jowita (directed by Janusz Morgenstern).
The script was based on Disneyland by Stanisław Dygat.
1982 - Austeria (directed by Jerzy Kawalerowicz).
Konwicki co-wrote the script with Kawalerowicz and Julian Stryjkowski after a novel by Stryjkowski.
1985 - Chronicle of Amorous Incidents / Kronika wypadków miłosnych (directed by Andrzej Wajda). Konwicki based the script on his own novel. A subtly delineated picture of a the budding, first love of Witek and Alina and a nostalgic vision of Vilnius in the pre-war days. Konwicki played the ambiguous Stranger, both a guardian of memory, an aged Wiktor re-visiting his lost adolescence, and a writer as such.
Adaptation of novels by Tadeusz Konwicki:
1972 - Wings / Skrzydła directed by Krzysztof Wojciechowski after Konwicki's novel The Anthropos-Spectre-Beast
1993 - La petite apocalypse, a loose interpretation of Konwicki's novel by Costa-Gavras.
Documentaries starring Tadeusz Konwicki:
Passerby / Przechodzień by Andrzej Titkow, 1989;
Tadeusz Konwicki. An Attempt at the Artist's Portrait. Warsaw 1989 by Mieczysław B. Vogt, 1990;
Kowalski-Malinowski. About Konwicki's 'Salto' by Grzegorz Jankowski and Jacek Szczerba, 1998;
Quite a Major Apocalypse by Andrzej Titkow, 2002;
The Sun and the Shadow / Słońce i cień by Jan Holoubek, 2007. | <urn:uuid:1521b5cf-8211-4ecf-a225-a73524f3a216> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://anttialanenfilmdiary.blogspot.com/2015/03/tadeusz-konwicki-sennik-wspoczesny.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00488-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952707 | 13,146 | 1.914063 | 2 |
In the Mass Readings last Sunday, for the reading from the Old Testament we had Nathan the Prophet denouncing King David for his sin of adultery with Bathsheba and his murder of her husband Uriah the Hittite after Bathsheba became pregnant with his child. It is a familiar tale for us, and the familiarity conceals from us just how remarkable it is and how important for us it is, not just in a religious sense but also in our secular lives.
A forgotten masterpiece from Hollywood, King David (1951), helps remind us of the importance of the two great sins of David and their aftermath. David is well-portrayed by Gregory Peck. No longer the shepherd boy, he is now an increasingly world-weary King. God who was close to him in his youth now seems distant. Rita Hayworth gives a solid performance as Bathsheba, David’s partner in sin. The best performance of the film is by Raymond Massey as Nathan. Each word he utters is with complete conviction as he reveals the word of God to those too deafened by sin to hear it. In the video clip above we see this when David attempts to argue that the soldier who died when he touched the Ark of the Covenant may have died of natural causes. “All causes are of God”, Nathan responds without hesitation. He warns David that he has been neglecting his duties and that the people are discontent. | <urn:uuid:0427c883-7719-4ddb-8b8f-4c49a54879f0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://the-american-catholic.com/tag/divine-right-of-kings/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00146-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979619 | 293 | 2.5 | 2 |
Writing find with Java 8 streams23 Jul 2015
In this guide, we’re going to write our very own simplified
find command using Java 8 streams. By the end we will be able to run it from the command line, just like the unix find program.
This post assumes you at least a little familiar with Java 8 streams and regular expressions. We’re actually going to review
find, so it’s ok if you do not yet know it.
What is find?
According to wikipedia, “find is a command-line utility that searches through one or more directory trees of a file system, locates files based on some user-specified criteria and applies a user-specified action on each matched file.”
So if we wanted to find all the markdown files in the kahlil.me directory, we could run:
and we would get as a result:
To keep things simple, our
find won’t be able to perform any user-specified actions on the files it finds. Instead, it will simply take a starting directory and a pattern, then print out the full paths of any files that match the pattern and are somewhere in that directory.
This is where all of our find logic resides. It turns out to be pretty straightforward.
We’re going to use
java.nio.Files::walk to recursively traverse all subdirectories of the starting directory we pass it. Then, we’re going to filter the results and only keep the files that match the pattern we passed.
(note: I’ve omitted the throws clause to keep the code clean).
All we need to do in our main method is pass the command line arguments to
find, and print the results.
Let’s use Find.java to find all css files that style this very website. | <urn:uuid:3100e949-d769-4cba-bb5e-36b9ca8641be> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kahlil.me/tutorial/java8/2015/07/23/java-8-find-with-streams/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.863873 | 412 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Suppose you work in a factory which is part of a larger group of companies.
What happens when the operations boss comes to visit you from head office?
He or she will congratulate you on your good work, meet and greet your staff…smile. However, you will always be left with an instruction to ‘keep it up’. This usually means ‘make your products cheaper next year…and the next’.
If you have been that good up to now, you know it is going to get harder and harder to reduce cost. You will feel that you are being driven against a steep mountain slope and being whipped into going up it.
Here’s what the operations boss knows. His marketing people are telling him that the gross margin of your products is being eroded and that to maintain profitability, unit manufacturing cost must keep coming down.
If there are alternative business approaches that you could take in the market, then you don’t have enough information to say and anyway it’s outside your authority.
If you are truly reaching the limit of cost reductions set by the inherent product design, then it is difficult to say so without the operations boss feeling that you lack determination. It would put your own future in jeopardy. .
The upshot is that you continue to work harder and harder to achieve less and less, until the time comes when the last cost reduction that makes any sense is to move the improvement people out and save their salaries. Your accountants will very quickly be able to tell you how much you will save in this scenario.
In the meantime, a number of increasingly (they have been getting better and better at improving) talented improvement people get more and more frustrated because they know they are achieving little in measurable results. Plus you will have to pay them.
To avoid this lose-lose situation, you need to know when to stop improving.
At that moment, you will also have to clearly decide: do we stay where we are, do we undertake a significant product redesign or do we explore different business improvement ideas that exploit the ability of manufacturing to be more flexible or responsive for the same cost? | <urn:uuid:59b78f41-491a-4f2a-9ccc-97860afebc37> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://remodelinternational.com/tag/manufacturing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.969837 | 440 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Using Bitcoin to launder all the cash from your illegal dealings just got a little harder. The United States Treasury Department just enacted new rules to regulate Bitcoin and other virtual currencies, making it subject to the same level of scrutiny as other forms of currency. That's bad news for anyone looking to launder money using Bitcoin, but it could be good news for proponents of virtual currency for legitimate purposes.
The new rules will see Bitcoin regulated like Western Union. Little is expected to change for individuals trading in Bitcoins, but businesses will be required to keep more detailed records of the transactions. There will also now be a rule that any transactions over $10,000 must be reported.
The measures are aimed at stopping illegal activity like money laundering done with virtual currency. But as Bitcoin developer Jeff Garzik points out, "I think it's inevitable that just like you have U.S. dollars used by thieves and criminals, it's sadly inevitable you will have criminals use a virtual currency. We want to work with authorities."
Just because some criminals use Bitcoin, does not mean it's a criminal empire. Although the new rules should make it harder to use things like Bitcoin for illicit activity, having the Treasury department regulating it should make supporters of virtual currency happy to see that it's getting a level legitimacy it didn't have before.
From all indications, what the real supporters of Bitcoin want more than anything is for the currency to be taken seriously.
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This article originally published at Geekosystem here | <urn:uuid:f1a198ad-83c1-4782-9c11-5dcdb7e53407> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mashable.com/2013/03/23/bitcoin-regulatio/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00321-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927941 | 383 | 1.796875 | 2 |
[CLJS-476] Reading a value from a module does not work if the module is def'ed Created: 22/Feb/13 Updated: 19/Nov/13 Resolved: 19/Nov/13
|Labels:||Compiler, bug, scope|
Referring to a value in a module can have a scoping issue when using the "static accessor" operator of module/VALUE_NAME. The static accessor works if the module is loaded into a local value but not if def'ed. This example uses the mmap module for Node.js, and successfully reads the PROT_READ value:
This correctly prints "value: 1"
However, if the value for m is def'ed instead, then the compiler assumes that the reference to m is local to the function and therefore not defined:
In this case, the value of m.PROT_READ should have been stat.core.m.PROT_READ.
On the other hand, using . syntax fixes the scoping issue:
|Comment by David Nolen [ 19/Nov/13 9:26 PM ]|
the slash syntax is reserved for real CLJS namespaces for everything else the dot syntax must be used. | <urn:uuid:2dfc8e23-2979-49bc-9d83-c9cc0b6f9523> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://dev.clojure.org/jira/si/jira.issueviews:issue-html/CLJS-476/CLJS-476.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00410-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.677881 | 256 | 2.0625 | 2 |
The way opera singers and rock music vocalists utilize their voices differs significantly. A rock singer’s voice will develop more fully than an opera singer’s. There is a significant variation in how opera is performed. A rock opera, like a regular opera, is a theatrical composition in which nearly all of the words are sung. Unlike traditional operas, which rely on classical music to tell their story, rock operas employ rock music to do so. They frequently start out as conceptual albums before being transformed into theatrical productions.
Table of Contents
Rock vs Opera
The main difference between rock and opera is that the Opera is known for excellent classical musicals, costumes, and scenery, and while many performers are required for opera, this is not the case for rock, which, when played in a band, often has four or five people. It is customary for vocalists to dance in rock music performances, but in opera, the primary performers will not dance at all.
Rock music is a broad category of music that includes heavy metal elements such as electric bass and drums, as well as keyboard sounds such as pianos, organs, and synthesizers. Rock is more of an improvisational genre, and rock performances are frequently performed outside. Rock music can be used to express a floor, but unlike opera, it may or may not contain lyrics, and there is no fixed form.
Opera is a type of art in which a performer utilizes his body as a medium to present a theatrical performance which is a combination of text and musical notes. It is considered to be a part of the western classical music heritage, and it incorporates a variety of theatrical elements, most notably spoken, such as acting and costuming. Opera performances are nearly usually conducted inside a theatre or auditorium with a high level of organization and setting. Opera is not a unique musical genre but rather a type of theatrical theatre in which actors present a planned work of dramatic art that frequently includes a play with vocal and instrumental music.
Comparison Table Between Rock and Opera
|Parameters of Comparison||Rock||Opera|
|Played using||Strong instruments.||Art and Drama|
|Instruments||Bass, guitar, and drums||Bodily presence and vocal.|
|Dress code||Does not have a specific dress code for singers||Costumes and scenery|
What is Rock?
In the decades before hip hop became popular, rock music has always been the most popular type of music. It is driving, enthusiastic, energetic, and almost always loud. Rock has produced hundreds of sub-genres, ranging from complex, lyrical folk-rock to the most horrific forms of extreme death metal, after dominating the airways for almost 50 years.
It’s been heard in small bars and sold-out arenas, garages, and concert halls all around the world, and it’s established a name for itself. Rock is defined more by its general style than by specific musical elements, owing to the diversity of its subgenres (however, as we’ll see in the following section, virtually all subgenres use electric guitars). Rock is all about energizing energy, especially the rebellious, youthful energy of its forefathers.
Over the years, generations of musicians have developed their unique ways of capturing energy, but they are all inspired by the same spirit. Different rock sub-genres use different scales, rhythms, and rhythms in music, although there are some similar clues. The pentatonic scale, a bare-bones scale derived from blues music, is prominent in most rock music. By simply playing the minor pentatonic scale on a distorted electric guitar, even a beginner player may produce a basic rock sound.
What is Opera?
Opera is a style of theatre that mixes comical and dramatic elements with classical music. Opera singers perform parts in theatre performances with a full classical orchestra in a typical performance. Men’s voices include bass, baritone, tenor, and countertenor, while women’s vocals include contralto, mezzo-soprano, and soprano.
Recitative, which is almost spoken but sung to pitch, and arias, which are formal songs scattered throughout the performance, are the two forms of operatic singing. Opera is different from musicals. Opera is almost always continuous and will not stop due to spoken dialogue. Opera is a type of theatre separate from musical theatre in which music plays a central role and vocalists perform dramatic roles.
A “work” (the exact translation of the Italian term “opera”) is a partnership between a composer and a librettist, and it includes a variety of performing arts, including acting, staging, costume, and sometimes dance or ballet. Performances are usually held in the opera house and are accompanied by an orchestra or a smaller musical ensemble, which has been led by a conductor since the beginning of the 19th century.
Main Differences Between Rock and Opera
- Rock is more about strong instruments, particularly guitars, whereas opera is more about art and drama.
- Opera is frequently played indoors (theatres, auditoriums), whereas rock is frequently presented outside (concerts).
- An opera requires a larger number of performers than a rock concert, which may just have one lead singer.
- Rock is mostly bass, guitar, and drums, whereas opera incorporates bodily presence and vocal.
- Opera includes costumes and scenery, whereas rock does not have a specific dress code for singers.
The way opera singers and rock music vocalists utilize their voices differs significantly. A rock singer’s voice will develop more fully than an opera singer’s. There’s a significant contrast between how opera sounds and how rock noises are supposed to sound. Because rock music is more about instruments than vocals, most rock singers will not need to learn music at all, but opera singers would almost surely need to. The fundamental difference between rock and opera is that rock requires the proficiency of musical instruments, while opera requires physical presence and vocal music.
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South Korean and US military websites were struck by a hit-and-run distributed denial-of-service attack that self-destructed after 10 days, according to security company McAfee.
The attack, which began on 4 March, 2011 and continued for 10 days, was launched from a network of compromised computers in South Korea. Once the attack ceased, the bots destroyed the host operating systems, forcing users to reinstall Windows.
"After the DDoS, the malware wiped the master boot record, creating extra problems for civilian users, wrecking the botnet and voluntarily destroying the infected machines' [operating systems]," McAfee researcher Georg Wicherski told ZDNet UK on Wednesday.
Botnets are normally preserved by their operators — the compromised computers can often be repurposed, and used to generate revenue.
While the aim of the attacks was simply to bludgeon South Korean military, banking and government websites, the methodology used was complex.
The botnet command and control servers were arranged in multiple tiers according to a McAfee report (PDF) issued on Wednesday, while commands were sent to the bots in the form of encrypted binaries. A number of different encryption ciphers were used, including the US government standard AES, throughout the files.
"It's not really necessary to use such a strong algorithm unless you want to delay analysis for as long as possible," said Wicherski.
The attacks had significant similarities to DDoS attacks launched against South Korea in 2009, McAfee said in the report. Both the 2009 and 2011 attacks may have been launched by North Korea as a test of the South Korean response time, and as a show of strength, said Wicherski.
"South Korea took some time to mitigate the attacks," said Wicherski. "Another possibility was psychological warfare — frightening the South Korean population by saying 'Yes, we have the ability to take down your military websites' — although it was just the public-facing webservers that were attacked."
Wicherski added that the attack was "very likely" to have been launched by North Korea, and that the codebase was the same in both the 2009 and 2011 attacks.
McAfee researcher Dmitri Alperovitch told ZDNet UK on Thursday that attack methodologies were similar for the two attacks.
"There are intent-based indications that [North Korea] is the most likely suspect, and we were also able to link with 95-percent confidence that the 2009 and 2011 events were connected, and perpetrated by the same actor," said Alperovitch.
Governments are becoming increasingly interested in cyberattacks, cybercrime and espionage. On Tuesday, the UK government gave its backing to an initiative called the International Cyber Security Protection Alliance (Icspa), which seeks to train police forces to handle high-tech crime and bring closer international co-operation on cybercrime.
Get the latest technology news and analysis, blogs and reviews delivered directly to your inbox with ZDNet UK's newsletters. | <urn:uuid:15a7bd97-8f1c-4dad-b6c0-977322554cbf> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.zdnet.com/article/mcafee-south-korea-botnet-self-destructed-after-ddos/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719286.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00497-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975055 | 619 | 2.359375 | 2 |
PurposeAs a master’s-prepared advance practice nurse you will have many opportunities to lead evidence-based change in practice. The deliverable at the end of this program is a completed evidence-based process improvement project prepared for dissemination. The beginning steps of developing an evidence-based practice improvement project include creating a clinical or practice question and searching literature. The purpose of this assessment is to use the clinical or practice question developed in NR520 and conduct a literature search for articles that answer and/or explain the clinical or practice question. Students will conduct a literature search in relevant databases and complete a literature matrix table. Students will also provide a short summary synthesizing their evidence.A printed version of these assignment guidelines are available below.
Assignment Instructions(same question as last assignment)Review clinical/practice question developed in NR520. You might choose to modify or change the clinical/practice question.Conduct a literature search in databases appropriate for the identified clinical/practice question.Select ten (10) scholarly articles published within the past five years.Complete the Literature Matrix Table (NR528 Module 4 Literature Matrix Table (Links to an external site.)).In a summary, synthesize your findings from the reviewed evidence and include in Part II of the Literature Matrix.Abide by the Chamberlain College of Nursing Academic Integrity Policy.Sources older than five years may not be used without the permission of the class professor.Written portions of this assignment must use appropriate citation of sources, and references must follow APA guidelines as found in the most current edition of the manual. Research Appraisal ToolMatrix tool is uploaded along with rubric
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Mrs. Ratchanee Saychana, President of Sisaket Community Network, has been actively supporting community-leaders in many neighbourhoods, to establish credit unions, an obligatory condition in order to gain access to national anti-poverty programs.
She seeks to empower communities and to find ways for them to be heard by the authorities and local leaders.
Ratjanee Saychana has worked on the implementation of community-improvement projects since 1996. She has strengthened links with the leaders of eight communities in order to set up collective savings groups. The aim is to enable group members to take advantage of various government-led programmes to improve the living conditions of the urban and rural poor. Since 2001, she has received support from the Community Organisation Development Institute (Codi), the main body operating under the auspices of the Ministry of Social Development and Security in Thailand. Her skills and commitment have been the subject of recognition and she had the financial resources necessary to implement housing rehabilitation projects in the poor communities of Sisaket.
Her work is and will continue to be difficult as she has to simultaneously build partnerships at different levels with community leaders and local authorities. The system of patronage-based social relationships is still very entrenched in Southeast Asia and at times, perhaps, it prevents the formation, on an equal footing, of relationships between leaders and certain families living in their communities. This is because the authority and power wielded by leaders does not always enable the poorest, most excluded families to have access to these programmes.
Ms. Ratjanee had the following to say in an interview:
"Money is just one element in the development of projects in poor communities. It's a challenge to work alongside local authorities in order to actually get these projects up and running with poor families that are directly affected by them. It's an even bigger challenge when you know just how difficult their lives are and how they are exploited and abused. People living in extreme poverty have no voice, no power because they mean nothing to those with power over them. " | <urn:uuid:21657dfd-6cc5-45a7-9032-6c7088b535da> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://unheard-voices.org/nous-pouvons-parler-mais-nous-ne-serons-jamais-entendus/?lang=en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719784.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00427-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969623 | 412 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Don't waste it
Industrialized economies produce enormous amounts of waste – and getting rid of it is becoming an increasing burden. Households generate a notable proportion of waste emissions, but the really frightening figures come from industry. Large corporations all over the world have already taken action, and there are some good examples in Hungary too.
Several solutions that have been drawn up to tackle the problem of polluting our environment. In the waste disposal hierarchy, the three Rs rule: reduce, reuse, and recycle. At the bottom of the pyramid are landfills and waste burning, the worst possible solutions. In several Western European countries and in the US, an increasing number of companies and communities are putting the emphasis on prevention and focus on waste minimization, but recycling remains a booming business all over the world, with Hungary no exception.
However, the ultimate goal should be to send no waste at all to landfills – a policy commonly known as zero waste. On a global level, companies from nearly all industries have seen significant savings by implementing it: for example, General Motors saved $2.5 billion on recycling over a four-year period, while Walmart has reduced the money spent on sending waste to landfills by more than 80% in one US state alone. In Hungary, the first steps have already been taken towards zero waste – the Budapest Business Journal presents four large manufacturers and processing companies that are well on the way to implementing the policy.
Audi Hungaria Motor Kft: Aiming at 100% recycling
Audi Hungaria produces an average of 45,000-50,000 tons of waste annually, depending on production output – in 2010, for example, this amount was nearly 51,000 tons. The majority of the waste is non-hazardous, coming from manufacturing processes. In 2010, the share of hazardous waste, such as emulsion fluid and sodium hydroxide, was 28%. Selective waste collection is a basic policy at the company. It spends several millions of euros a year on waste management, but it generates notable income from recycling. “Income exceeds expenses, thus the area of waste management at Audi is profitable,” the company’s press department told the BBJ. Nearly 99% (in 2010, this number was 98.75%) of waste is recycled, but Audi is also aspiring to reduce its waste emissions, the company said. In order to achieve this, it has invested in several technological optimization projects. “It is very important to plan technologies in a way that processes take place in a closed system, thus reducing the amount of waste during the production process,” Audi said. Also, the company aims to recycle in the strictest sense: producing a fresh supply of the same material. In the long run, Audi wants to achieve a 100% recycling rate. “In addition, we continue to work on our waste reduction policy as well,” the company said.
Jabil Circuit Magyarország Kft: Less waste to landfills
In spite of the company’s efforts, waste emission at electronics manufacturing services company Jabil Circuit has shown a rising trend in the last few years (2,557 tons in 2009 and 3,212 tons in 2010, approximately 25% year-on-year growth). The company attributes the figures to the high number of staff (more than 5,500 full-time employees in 2010) and the increase in production volume. The company did not wish to disclose the amount it spends on waste management, but said that it watches closely the costs related to it and frequently announces tenders seeking more effective services. Jabil prefers recycling over landfills and burning: in 2009, it recycled 67% of all its waste, dumped 31% in landfills and burned 2%. Last year, the recycling ratio reached 85%, with 13% going to landfills and the same 2% burned. “We aimed to increase our recycling rate by five percentage points on a year-on-year basis, but we ended up lifting it by 18 after all,” Jabil’s environmental expert told the BBJ. According to the spokesperson, having the waste sent to landfills or burned is still more cost-efficient than recycling, but the company is committed to further increasing its recycling rate. Besides trying to find the best solutions to handle its industrial waste, Jabil also aims to raise awareness of environmental protection issues among its employees. It provides training on selective waste management, and besides implementing a selective waste program at the company, other actions have been taken as well, such as replacing plastic cups with metal mugs.
Coca-Cola Magyarország: Where waste is valued
The waste output at the plants of Coca-Cola Magyarország reaches 5,000 tons a year, mostly consisting of packaging materials. The company’s goal is to recycle the largest possible amount of the generated waste: currently, the recycling ratio at the plants is nearly 90%. The company spends more than HUF 100 million on recollecting PET bottles, and it also supports selective waste management on a national level, Éda Pogány, communications director of Coca-Cola Magyarország told the BBJ. According to her, more than 30% of the company’s PET bottles are recollected and recycled. The firm plans to spend approximately HUF 700 million on its entire waste management program in 2011. “At the Coca-Cola plants, waste is value,” Pogány said, adding that the recycling rate was 50-60% ten years ago. “Besides recycling, the most obvious way of reducing environmental pollution is the use of less packaging material,” she explained. Accordingly, the company has reduced the weight of its bottles. It produces the same amount of packaging from 730 tons less plastic a year, resulting in savings equal to the weight of 20 million bottles a year. “We are committed to go on with using less raw material, and want to achieve a 100% recycling ratio,” Pogány said. “Just by selective waste collection and recycling, we can save tens millions of forints a year. With our weight reduction program, savings at a yearly level can be several hundred million forints,” she added.
Gallicoop Zrt: Slaughterhouse waste no more
Poultry processing company Gallicoop generates about 12,000 tons of waste from the slaughtering process. Most recently, Germany’s r.e Bioenergie GmbH has opened a biogas plant in the vicinity of the Gallicoop plant in Szarvas, where the biomass coming from the poultry processor will be turned into biogas. Before the cooperation with the biogas plant, Gallicoop spent some HUF 110 million a year on having its slaughterhouse waste taken away. Now, as a result of the cooperation (which will also provide cold and hot energy for the processing plant), it saves HUF 150 million a year, István Erdélyi, CEO of Gallicoop told the BBJ. The plant employs 900 people, therefore the amount of communal waste cannot be significantly reduced, but Gallicoop has recently started to operate its own biological wastewater cleaning plant.
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Long before advocates addressing social and environmental injustices began using phrases like “building community” and “changing the narrative” to describe creating change and awareness among people, Ojibwe simply “visited” with their neighbors. Ojibwe have a long history of visiting. Seemingly innocuous and with little direction, the act of visiting with people from diverse racial and social backgrounds has a power that Ojibwe have always known.
I once read about an Indian agent during the 19th century lamenting that the reason he had so much trouble getting Ojibwe to embrace Western ways of living and working was that they spent too much time visiting, or as he put it “sitting around talking.” Those Ojibwe were getting important work done – the agent just couldn’t see it, or didn’t value it. They were reaffirming their connections to each other and their neighbors as human beings.
The work at the Penokee Harvest Camp is an excellent example of the power of visiting and its ability to win the hearts and minds of even the most contradictory groups of people.
Many folks living in the Penokees, for instance, are not accustomed to strangers setting up education camps in their forest.
The Penokees is home to bear hunting men, stubbornly proud of their hunting prowess. Laconic, rugged individualists, they have little patience for outsiders and make it clear that they will defend their homes from any threats, real or imagined.
When Mel Gaspar and Felina LaPoint, both from the Lac Courte Oreilles reservation began setting up camp here in the Penokees, they received a visit from a bear hunter, a non-Native neighbor Russell Buccanero.
“I want to show you Indians where my land is so you can stay off it,” he huffed, according to Gaspar.
Gaspar and fellow campers quietly agreed and invited Buccanero over for dinner. He came back often, enjoying the campers company, the buffalo burgers and fry bread and the talk of simple pleasures offered by the land, the hunting, camping, sitting around the fire and visiting.
Soon he offered campers the trees from a corner of his property to use as fuel in their fires, according to Gaspar. Not long afterwards, campers invited Buccanero to a ceremony. He was clearly touched, Gaspar noted. Not long afterwards, Buccanero offered the use of his sauna to his new neighbors.
Initially ambivalent about the mine, Buccanero recently opined that maybe the mine wasn’t such a good idea, it might not be so good for bear hunting and would disturb the quiet of his nightly sauna.
“I’m at ground zero of this mining thing here. GTAC is trying to run me out of my camp, my sanctuary,” he said.
Buccanero’s great grandmother was born in 1900 on the land that he describes as his pride and joy. It is located immediately adjacent to the Harvest Camp and the proposed GTAC mine. People in the area live there because they love the pristine nature of the region according to Buccanero. “If we wanted money we’d live somewhere else,” he said.
“Although folks are poor in the area, they stay and muck out a living and enjoy what we have here,” he noted.
But the promise of big jobs and money has made people forget the beauty of the land according to Buccanero.
“This mining thing has divided friends and family. I have good friends who are giving me the cold shoulder because I won’t support the mine,” he said.
“I can’t believe anybody really wants a Walmart here. With money, comes trouble so they need to be careful of what they wish for,” he observed.
“I sure have met some good people from that Camp and from the Ojibwe tribe,” he said.
“I see now that GTAC is trying to push us off our land the same way they are trying to push the Indians,” he concluded.
The Penokee Education Camp, Ojibwe visiting is proving to be an effective organizing tool, a sort of stealth awareness training that tells the real story of the impact of an open pit iron ore mine on the water, the quality of life and the land.
Jeremy Rifkin, a well-known author and instructor at the Wharton School’s Executive Program at the University of Pennsylvania routinely speaks of the power of visiting during his presentations. Although he describes the simple act in far more complex terms, he is clearly describing what Ojibwe have always known about their fellow humans. During a presentation at the National Museum of the American Indian he said, “Human beings are ‘hard-wired’ for empathy and community, yet we have become estranged from the rhythms of Earth, losing compassion not only for each other but also for the planet.”
We have become, according to Rifkin, “monsters devouring the earth.”
“Empathy is our social glue, our transcendent value,” he said. And this empathy must extend not only to others of the human race but to the entire biosphere and all its creatures. “In order to continue our survival as a species, we must reintegrate ourselves into family.”
And so this humble gathering of people here in the Penokees is a powerful force. The camp has become a go-to place not only for famously outspoken activists, musicians and politicians but for neighbors and for those who come for reasons they can’t seem to name. They just know that they need to come here, to visit, to feel what is happening here.
Fern Kanitz, a psychotherapist from Madison showed up in camp over the weekend. She expressed irritation with the lack of information in the mainstream media about the proposed mine and the work of the camp. After hearing that the camp was open to visits from the public, she made the five hour drive in order to “be on the land,” in her words. During that cold and rainy weekend, she labored in the camp kitchen, cutting up vegetables, making coffee. She sat by the fire and visited.
Later she joined Rae Nevels from the Bad River Reservation who led a group of women in prayer by the Tyler Forks River. Nevel explained that Ojibwe believe that women are the ones who care for the water. She also spoke of the healing power of rushing water as she lay down on the banks of the river. Although Kanitz had never visited a Native community and knew little of Ojibwe culture, she stayed on and prayed for a long time near the river.
The power of visiting had clearly done its job.
RELATED: Wisconsin Mining War | <urn:uuid:4b4fc421-d8bc-4fd7-b43b-f1e051a1b48b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://indiancountrymedianetwork.com/news/politics/winning-hearts-and-minds-ojibwe-style-and-the-power-of-visiting/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00137-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973877 | 1,452 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Synopses & Reviews
Delving into mythology, belief, and spirituality, Kevin Huizenga's short stories are based on the lives of familiar characters confronting the textures of mortality in unique and sometimes peculiar ways. Huizenga fuses the most banal aspects of modern culture with its most looming questions in a consistently genial style. Lighthearted, but with a healthy dose of nineteenth-century spine tingling, the narratives presented in Curses
are insightful portrayals of reality. Huizenga's central character in his comics is Glenn Ganges, a seemingly middle-class man living in the suburbs whose blank-eyed wonderment at everyday experiences brings together such diverse aspects of our world as golf, theology, late-night diners, parenthood, politics, Sudanese refugees, and hallucinatory vision, into a complete experience as multifaceted as our own lives.
Huizenga is regarded by many as one of the most promising young cartoonists of his generation, whose artistic talent, singular writing, and studied substance prove the versatility of his skill. Curses collects his work from Kramer's Ergot and The Drawn & Quarterly Showcase, his award-winning and nominated comic-book series Or Else, and Time magazine; it is the most extensive selection of his comics to date in a single volume.
"Huizenga has created some of the most remarkable comics of recent years, and this volume collects stories published in anthologies and random comic books. Huizenga's work, drawn in a deceptively simple and quietly expressive cartoon line, is marked by a focus on philosophical quandaries. Nearly all of his stories take place in an anonymous suburbia, and his everyman protagonist, Glenn Ganges, is a likable character possessed of a Charlie Brown like calm. The strongest story in this book, '28th Street,' is a fanciful meditation on fertility in which Ganges turns to supernatural solutions for his all too corporeal problems. Another excellent story, 'Jeepers Jacobs,' explores the nature of heaven and hell through the fictionalized work of a theologian protagonist. Another story, 'Green Tea,' is an adaptation of a 19th-century thriller. It's quite a range, and Ganges's thoughtful wonderment at all of his experiences opens up the world to the reader. Huizenga is an inclusive, empathic artist who communicates without lectures rather, he simply shows the world as it might be and allows us, through Ganges, to experience it with him. His excellent ear for dialogue and measured prose style accomplish this without flash. These are wonderfully considered, profound comics." Publishers Weekly (Starred Review) (Copyright Reed Business Information, Inc.)
"One of the brightest, most interesting new comix authors to appear in the last five years." Time.com
"Huizenga's masterful, multitextured drawing style proves equally suited to depicting rainstorms sweeping through mini-marts and landscapes in the style of classical Japanese paintings....Huizenga's scripts are consistently crisp, witty, and engaging." Booklist
Insightful portraits of reality are presented in this collection of narratives that are light-hearted but with a healthy dose of nineteenth-century spine-tingling adventure that follow the life-altering experiences of Glenn Ganges, a seemingly ordinary middle-class man living in the suburbs.
About the Author
Kevin Huizenga has been nominated for both the Harvey and Eisner Awards and is the winner of the Ignatz Award for his short stories and comic books. This is his first graphic novel. He lives in St. Louis, Missouri. | <urn:uuid:4388e28e-52fd-4484-8bec-7700e49a5421> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.powells.com/book/curses-9781894937863 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988722459.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183842-00345-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954361 | 746 | 1.859375 | 2 |
One of the lasting images from the 2003 Okanagan Mountain Park fire was the sight of the majestic Martin Mars water bomber.
It would swoop down onto Okanagan Lake, scoop up more than 27,000 litres of water, and return to work.
The Mars, much to the dismay of some, was not used on the Smith Creek fire and won't be used in any other fires this year or any other year.
In fact, a petition titled "Christy Clark: Contract the Martin Mars Waterbombers for five more year to protect BC," will be delivered to the premier's West Kelowna constituency office Thursday.
The petition, started a week ago, has more than 17,500 signatures.
"British Columbia is under severe attack from wildfires this season and West Kelowna, the scene of recent mass evacuations due to the terrible Smith Creek fire, has suffered most of all," says Chris Alemany, creator of the petition.
"If anyone should care about bringing back BC's most effective water bomber it should be the MLA for Westside-Kelowna and Premier of British Columbia."
The government did not renew the company's contract to provide the service in 2014.
In fact, while under contract from 2007 through 2013, the Mars, based out of Port Alberni and owned by
Wayne Coulson, went unused in both 2012 and 2013.
While under contract with the province it worked on just 17 fires.
"We have four amphibious skimmers, they are called Fire Bosses," says provincial wildfire management branch spokesperson, Navi Saini.
"It's a more modern plane and it's more versatile in that it can drop both retardant and water. It's more cost effective and more efficient to have these on board.
Saini says the Martin Mars was more limited in the types of fires it could fight and the bodies of water in which it could access.
"The new skimmers can take water from about 1,700 lakes where as the Martin Mars could only scoop water from 113.
And, because the new skimmers are four aircraft and not one we can break that group up. They can respond to four different fires or two can tackle two each."
She says it was a matter of modernizing the aircraft the province uses.
Click here to view the online petition. | <urn:uuid:d7f8132e-e9f1-45ff-89b9-1ab66fd02c2e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.castanet.net/news/BC/119602/Mars-out-skimmers-in | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00241-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964531 | 485 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Would you like to make six figures? Who wouldn’t? Well, it may surprise you to learn that not everyone has to get a medical degree, work as a broker on Wall Street or spend their days inside a law firm to earn in the $100,000 annual salary range. According to Forbes, there are some jobs with six figure salaries that do not require an advanced degree.
Can you knock out 200 words per minute? Then you could be one of the 50 to 60,000 court reporters working today. According to Forbes, the national average salary is $62,000, but some court reporters can reportedly earn an annual salary of $100,000 in “many cities.” We’d have to assume that includes working overtime, which could be tough on the fingers!
In our ever-crowding justice system, the job outlook for court reporters looks good. However, for those tiring of the legal profession, career changes for court reporters (or other fast typists) include broadcast captioning and real-time reporting for web casts. Are your fingers being paid what they’re worth? Find out by typing your job into the PayScale salary survey.
Not Your Average Six Figure Salary
Another Forbes six figure salary gig is working as a mine manager. Some mining companies do not require a college degree for this position. You simply start at the bottom of the mine and work you way up … literally. According to Forbes, a mine manager makes an average salary of $106,000 for planning procedures, setting budgets and keeping deadlines on mine projects. The major risks are little things such as possible black lung, claustrophobia and the dreaded cave-in.
For folks who are looking for more of a white collar gig, technical writing pays very well. The market is wide open, because the typical writer does not grow up dreaming of explaining the intricacies of C# programming. If you can understand and write about high-tech topics for the masses, the average salary in California, according to our salary survey, is $72,832; the high-end of this annual salary range is $108,000. I wonder if writing this blog counts as technical writing…
How Much Money Does a Life Coach Earn?
There are ways to make money in publishing without having to lift a pen (or laptop). In California, high end press operators can make $31.78 an hour according to our salary calculator. With working overtime, it is possible to break into a six figure salary. Unfortunately, as web publishing increases, the number of these press operator jobs is decreasing. According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, there were over 300,000 of these jobs five years ago, compared to 191,000 positions these days. The times, they are a changin’.
In contrast, a market that is exploding is the “professional life coach.” A life coach for personal development provided confidence, encouragement and hand-holding for everyone: from struggling entrepreneurs to aspiring writers. According to Forbes, 10 to 20 percent of these professional life coaches make six figure salaries. Some coaches, such as business coaches, may need expertise in an area like sales, but for the average life coach, no training or degree is required. Get to know one personally in our Salary Stories.
Six Figure Salary by Serving Others
If you want to do well while doing good, consider running a school or non-profit. Even the lowest rung of the school management ladder, elementary school principal, can make in the six figures in urban areas. According to our salary calculator, an elementary school principal in New York makes an average salary of $76,000, with a high-end salary of $110,000. Middle school and high School principals can earn even more.
A recent article in the Seattle Post-Intelligencer noted that CEOs of even small non-profits can easily earn $100,000. Whether the non-profit focused on education, health, social services, or culture, running a non-profit is not about doing without. Maybe it is all relative: $367,000 per year to run World Vision sounds like serious money, but the current CEO gave up $1,000,000/year in the private sector to take the job.
Time for a Salary Survey
Forbes reports that air traffic controllers do very well – at least those who survive the rigorous training program. Forbes says they can make $100,000 to start, but our salary calculator found the average pay for a California air traffic controller to be $68,319, with a high-end of $83,171. However, by working overtime at large airports, we imagine that you can earn a six figure salary. Just remember though, you can’t go on strike (thank you, President Reagan).
How does your pay measure up to these six figure salary jobs? Should you be making more than a professional life coach? Find out with the PayScale salary survey.
Dr. Al Lee | <urn:uuid:58b9b502-21a8-4559-879d-11809c1a6af8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.payscale.com/career-advice/surprising_high/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.955429 | 1,032 | 1.875 | 2 |
MUMBAI: State Bank of India (SBI) chairperson Arundhati Bhattacharya says a 25-basis-point cut in interest rates was in the offing and that an improvement in the financial health of India's banking sector was closely linked to the overall performance of the economy (100 bps= 1 percentage point).
She also said the 4% inflation target fixed by the government is a tad low in an emerging economy like India where food inflation has rarely fallen below 6% in the past 60 years. Bhattacharya felt the current inflation level is set to fall due to a statistical play that could pave the way for a cut in interest rates by commercial banks - which the central bank has been asking for, as and when it has itself cut interest rates.
"Inflation will start coming down because there was a base effect in the last two months, which was actually pushing inflation up. That effect will moderate in the coming months," she said referring to the current impact of a lower movement in price indices in the previous year. "So, I see no reason why we shouldn't be looking at a small rate cut this year."
Giving reasons why she felt the 4% inflation target was low, Bhattacharya said that 45-50% of the components in the Consumer Price Index comprised food items, which are very volatile. Since a major weight in the index is also assigned to health, education and transport, it is also difficult to keep their inflation levels below 2%, so as to average out the overall rise in the price line to 4% or below. Yet, she said, the upper limit of inflation of six per cent "is perfectly fine" as the prices are expected to ease in coming months. | <urn:uuid:aa155ce4-8f74-4ac7-a8c6-f4d691c53900> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://realty.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/regulatory/25-bps-cut-in-interest-rate-likely-says-sbi-chief/54285995 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00082-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978482 | 357 | 1.773438 | 2 |
The U.S. military said on March 2 it is no longer requiring masks indoors at the Pentagon after new COVID-19 guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Raytheon Technologies’ top boss warned on Oct. 26 that the U.S. aerospace and defense firm will lose ‘several thousand’ employees who refused to take Covid-19 vaccines, as the company prepares to meet the Biden administration’s Dec. 8 deadline for immunization.
U.S. distribution of Moderna Inc’s Covid-19 vaccine began on Dec. 19, with more than 3,700 sites due to start receiving and administering shots as soon as Dec. 21, vastly widening the rollout started by Pfizer Inc.
U.S. coronavirus deaths soared to a daily record of 3,580 and hospitalizations rose for the 19th straight day on Dec. 16, ramping up the stakes as regulators on Dec. 17 considered whether to approve a second Covid-19 vaccine.
The first days of Pfizer Inc.’s Covid-19 vaccine rollout have seen unexpected hitches including some vaccines being stored at excessively cold temperatures and Pfizer reporting potential challenges in vaccine production, U.S. officials said.
The United States hit a record 16 million Covid-19 cases on Dec. 12, with deaths closing in on the 300,000 mark, as millions of doses of a new vaccine were expected to start rolling out across the nation on Dec. 13.
Origin, a 3D printing specialist for medical devices, completed clinical trials and validation of the company’s 3D-printed nasopharyngeal swabs for use in COVID-19 test kits.
U.S. states pleaded with the Trump administration to coordinate a national response to the coronavirus outbreak, saying patchwork measures enacted by state and local authorities were insufficient to confront the coast-to-coast emergency.
A Zika vaccine Sanofi SA dropped during September 2017 under political pressure over pricing produced strong responses in more than 90 percent of those taking part in an early-stage clinical trial, U.S. researchers reported.
French drugmaker Sanofi struck an R&D deal with the U.S. Army to speed up the development of a vaccine against the mosquito-borne Zika virus. | <urn:uuid:464b6d66-c07c-48e5-b7cb-b02490405ef5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pharmalive.com/category/military/u-s-army/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.944582 | 480 | 1.585938 | 2 |
[Editors Note: This article was written for the TuneCore Blog by our friends at SoundOnTime – a blog for music production enthusiasts.]
In the world of music production, compression is a widely used technique. In order to raise the overall level of a certain signal to make particular elements pop out in the mix, it proves to be a very efficient one too. However, most beginners don’t really know how to implement this technique effectively without compromising the end result of the mix.
An underestimated technique which directly stems from the aforementioned one is parallel compression. This technique produces results that are as satisfying, (if not better), than traditional compression. In turn, this article will attempt to precisely explain what parallel compression is, why you should consider it, its pros and cons, and how it should be properly implemented in a mix-down.
What is Parallel Compression?
The implementation of parallel compression is one of the most effective and widely practiced techniques in music production. But, what really parallel compression, really?
Shortly said, parallel compression is the combination of an uncompressed (or slightly compressed) signal with a more heavily compressed version of itself. This provides an increase in average level of that signal without the resultant compression artifacts.
How does this really happen?
Basically, by creating a second identical signal – via an auxiliary send, bus or group output on a console – any type of sound or group of sounds can be transmitted to a compressor that will process with parallel compression. What this means is that the compressor is processing the ‘duplicate’ of the signal, rather than the signal itself, which is then sent back into the console on a separate fader.
Here is a video that provides additional information:
Why Should I Add Parallel Compression?
One of the main advantages of parallel compression is that this technique can be used to considerably raise low-level signals without compromising the sonic integrity of that signal’s transient peaks. Sometimes, you would want compression artifacts, since they can be a crucial ingredient for the creation of a unique sound. However, most of the times, “New York Compression” (another name for parallel compression) is best since it can help you produce an invisible form of compression.
Parallel compression will help you raise the overall level of your signal without destroying any particular peaks of the signal in the process. Peaks of a particular signal are the most fragile components of a dynamic sound. Therefore, any change in the waveform’s envelope, especially if your compressor is not qualitative or inadequately used, can jeopardize the overall quality of your sound. In this circumstance your compressor settings will act quickly or slowly to allow the peaks of your sound to pass wholly or partially through.
As an example, one of the elements you sometimes feel should be more powerful during the mixing stage are the drums. Often, the drums, whether they are sampled, triggered or recorded in studio, lack a little extra punch even if they have already been through compression. Raising their volume cannot simply be achieved by driving your drums harder, since that wouldn’t contribute positively to the overall mix. In these circumstances, parallel compression can be useful in order to add the anticipated aggressiveness of your drums during the recording stage.
One last thing to keep in mind is that processing tools are available to solve specific issues. As with other available tools, don’t use them simply because they are available. Why don’t we turn every element of the mix up to maximum volume, distortion to every single element, reverb to the bass, maximum stereo width ? Simply because it wouldn’t produce a satisfactory result.
How to implement Parallel Compression?
- Buss the drums, and maybe even the bass, to a stereo
- Hit the compressor fairly hard—at least 10dB or more if it sounds
- Return the output of the compressor to a pair of fader inputs on the console or two additional channels in your
- Add a pretty good amount of high end (6 to 10dB at 10kHz or so) and low end (6 to 10dB at 100Hz or so) to the compressed
- Then bring up the fader levels of the compressor until it’s tucked just under the present rhythm section mix to where you can just hear
The rhythm section then sounds bigger and more controlled without sounding overly compressed Here is a video which demonstrates the process:
Here is another video that underlines “two secrets” to effective parallel compression:
As you have seen, parallel compression proves to be a very useful technique when it comes to raising the signal of a certain track. It contributes to a sharper and more aggressive perception of the sound you are treating. If it is an underestimated technique, it should also not be overused, since it isn’t always the best option. However, for drums and vocals, it is an unmistakable technique to improve the overall quality of the sound. | <urn:uuid:fc7cea48-3411-491d-8c01-e02206d1059c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tunecore.com/ro/blog/2018/05/parallel-compression-a-powerful-technique-in-music-production.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.933254 | 1,017 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Understand the absolute value of a rational number as its distance from 0 on the number line; interpret absolute value as magnitude for a positive or negative quantity in a real-world situation.
I am targeting 6th graders in this tutorial who are learning pre-algebra.
Sites to Visit:
1) Math Shorts:
2) Math is Fun!
3) The Math Page
On a separate sheet of paper please respond to the question and turn in to Ms. Shepherd's inbox Monday.
One of your classmates was absent today and will have no idea how to interpret the absolute value of -20 tomorrow. Please explain in writing what absolute value is and how she can solve the problem. | <urn:uuid:a272685e-27f4-4d2f-b05b-6ea56b874888> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.sophia.org/tutorials/absolute-value-6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00124-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920689 | 145 | 3.578125 | 4 |
Haiti on Saturday announced three days of national mourning for the hundreds of people killed by Hurricane Matthew earlier this week.
"The days of mourning have been called to unite the country in the pain of the parents and friends of the dead," the president's office said.
Night clubs and other establishments were to remain closed for the mourning period, which was to begin on Sunday, while flags were to be lowered to half-mast.
Haitian civil defence officials said Saturday 336 people had been killed, four were missing and 211 were injured in the hurricane, which struck on Tuesday and devastated wide areas of the already impoverished country.
Some media reports put the death toll much higher but an exact figure has been difficult to establish as the worst-hit regions in the south-west remain cut off.
Rescuers on the scene told dpa by telephone that they expected the body count to rise.
Despite calls to evacuate a lot of people apparently chose to stay in their homes for fear of looters.
Matthew struck Haiti as a category-4 hurricane - the second highest on a scale of five - packing winds of up to 230 kilometres an hour, flattening houses and destroying roads and infrastructure.
"More than 1,000 houses were flooded, hundreds completely destroyed," said General Ajax Porto Pinheiro, commander of the UN stabilization mission to Haiti after flying over the affected area.
"Coconut palms have been uprooted, banana plantations destroyed - it's also an environmental catastrophe," he said.
Most people in the area live off agriculture, meaning the storm has ruined their livelihoods.
"The danger of epidemics is very high," Alexander Mauz, project coordinator for the German charity Workers' Samaritan Federation, told dpa by telephone from the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince.
"People have to be supplied with clean drinking water as quickly as possible," he said.
The US military on Saturday airlifted supplies to the badly hit towns of Jeremie and Les Cayes and UN soldiers have been trying to clear roads. US organization USAID plans to fly in 480 tonnes of supplies.
Cuba, Colombia and Venezuela have also sent aid as well as medical staff.
According to UN figures, 350,000 people are in need of aid. | <urn:uuid:585bdf3d-b40e-42cd-9424-dc52dad09c85> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://eblnews.com/news/world/haiti-announces-three-days-mourning-hundreds-hurricane-dead-39640 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00212-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983293 | 466 | 1.59375 | 2 |
In a bid to make skies safer, the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) warned that a software fault could result in loss of power mid-flight on the gigantic Boeing 787 Dreamliner aircraft.
Discovered by Boeing themselves in private testing circumstances (not real flight), this issue can occur if the aircraft is not powered down between trips, resulting in the generator systems on board switching to fail-safe mode and seeing all AC power cut - mid air or not.
This issue is said to take 248 days of usage for the fault to occur, rendering it as an unlikely thing to happen in real-world circumstances. However, this model of aircraft has reportedly experienced some other issues resulting in extended boot up times.
My father used to tell me to run the car for a little before speeding off on a cold morning, it seems the 787 Dreamliner is no exception. | <urn:uuid:24ca7ed2-26f3-437a-8f4b-7079367714ab> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.tweaktown.com/news/44887/boeing-787-dreamliner-glitch-make-lose-power-faa-reports/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720238.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00188-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946049 | 178 | 1.898438 | 2 |
As part of a proposed class-action lawsuit filed against sandwich chain Jimmy John's this summer, the employment agreement workers are made to sign has been revealed—and its noncompete clause is pretty crazy. Even low-wage sandwich makers and delivery drivers aren't exempt from the agreement, which the Huffington Post has in full. Among other things, it bars employees from working for "any business which derives more than 10% of its revenue from selling submarine, hero-type, deli-style, pita, and/or wrapped or rolled sandwiches" within 3 miles of any Jimmy John's ... for two years after leaving Jimmy John's. The two lawsuits against the company relate to accusations of wage theft, but one suit was amended last month with a mention of the "oppressive" agreement.
On Jezebel, CA Pinkham calls the clause "utterly psychotic," noting "this has nothing to do with the divestment of company secrets and everything to do with putting workers in as desperate a situation as possible where they're terrified to lose or leave their jobs." The New York Times notes that the Huffington Post doesn't have proof that Jimmy John's has actually enforced the noncompete, and it points out that low-wage workers are increasingly being made to sign such agreements. As for the allegations of wage theft, as the Huffington Post explained in August, two employees say they were often forced to keep working after their managers clocked them out, because Jimmy John's stores are given payroll budgets that are too low. They want class-action status because they say the problem stems from "corporate set policies" that would apply to other employees. (Wage theft lawsuits are on the rise in the US.) | <urn:uuid:97e12cd7-29d6-4130-b38e-5ae5c0ca9924> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.newser.com/story/197257/suit-reveals-jimmy-johns-insane-noncompete-clause.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00461-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979591 | 346 | 1.570313 | 2 |
When you should Score Help from People Procedures
Perhaps one of the most important conclusions from inside the over fourteen several years of studies is the fresh new character from positive change throughout dispute. Gottman you are going to predict which couples perform remain pleased and which will divorce proceedings, mostly by checking the new proportion away from positive so you’re able to negative relations whenever it fought. Steady, happy people had a ratio with a minimum of 5 positive getting all the step one negative replace while in the disagreement (a 5:step one positive to negative proportion). Which harmony helps de–elevate disagreement, soothes worry, and you may keeps partners psychologically linked.
5) Strategy argument as the situation.
Select a way to become people, whether or not to care for variations, invest in be varied, or assistance your aims along with her.
Laying down brand new foundation having conflict is essential before you can move towards fixing the problems one already been the newest arguments in the 1st lay. It entails time for you to change out of habits you to definitely damage the dating towards the activities that help you resolve trouble with her and allow your own link to grow.
Making it shift your self could be extremely hard, particularly in the beginning. If the mainly bad emotions persevere, you are able to run a great couple’s therapist to help with your time and efforts into quicker mundane, healthier objections. A professional registered elite group (a counselor otherwise ily specialist) will help you because of the attracting into the conclusions off Gottman and you may anyone else, that assist your lay soil regulations that really work for your requirements.
You could potentially make the most of of numerous a lot more steps that are demonstrated from the research and exercise. You can want to act as one or two, otherwise physically. Either way, treatment assists differing people account for delicate activities in this an environment off emotional coverage. With openness so you can seeking the fresh ways to target issues, couples can see exactly how changing the activities out-of interaction makes a great difference in the outcomes.
Signs and symptoms of Arguing Well
- You are taking a smooth approach to raising issues
- You withhold bad statements – those people that assault, criticize, otherwise mirror contempt
- You will be interested in learning your position and your mate
- Your make it and take on your partner’s determine, such as:
- You appear into the a good circumstances in the other individual and you can its views
- Your make an effort to know where differing people is coming from, prior to trying to eliminate things
- Your try to pay attention to and you may learn for each other people’s concerns, desires and you may desires
- You appear on the prominent an effective – things you both need for your relationship
- Your speak about an approach to change on each other unlike away for the isolation
Disagreement was a chance to be present to comprehend per other people’s thinking, advice, and fantasies. In that way, it does open on better one to partnership, make it easier to solve what is actually solvable, and acquire tranquility after you commit to disagree.
How Dispute Can Cultivate Partnership
Gottman himself empathizes that have couples trapped for the gridlock. Outside cures, they could search kids otherwise uncompromising. However, Gottman thinks he or she is protecting something very important the clenched fists, when he demonstrates to you when you look at the “Whatever you Really Fight More than In marriage”:
“For some gridlocked marital trouble, everything we most share with someone is actually: ‘No surprise your didn’t give about this disease.’ We feel that within the each of these fists, for folks who generated the wedding secure enough and opened the fresh new fists, there would be one thing breathtaking in to the…. Evidently they may be talking, say, in the currency otherwise earnings, but the underside, they are speaking of basic philosophical principles, everything we also call existence ambitions…. So yeah, they are talking about currency and you will finances, but also, they are speaking of independence, and strength, and you may security, and you may what like setting, and you can what a family group means, and exactly what it means to be ‘just who I am.’”
Dealing with conflict isn’t simple. However it is part of revealing the lives together with her. When lovers come across an effective way to faith one another with just who it is, they can look for – while having a chance to pursue – their lifestyle ambitions.
Aggressive People dispute which have temperature and you will harm to the dating. They criticize (“That you do not…” and you https://datingranking.net/sugar-daddies-usa/ia/ will “You usually…”). It complain, insult and you may withdraw psychologically. Neither even offers service or wisdom; they rating gridlocked without fixing some thing, and negative than confident effect moves among them. | <urn:uuid:2afa7117-0e01-47c1-9456-10b0f9896b1f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://novo-investments.co.ke/when-you-should-score-help-from-people-procedures/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.952436 | 1,038 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Russians are in a majority in Crimea, and there are nearly 10 million of them in eastern Ukraine, so he can expect strong support. Whereas Russian minorities in successful new states, such as the Baltics, often vote against Moscow, those of Ukraine compare their own economic decline with the lesser troubles of Russia and persuade themselves that they would be better off returning to the relative comfort of the rouble zone.
If they were rational they might have second thoughts after observing the power shift in Moscow, since Viktor Chernomyrdin, the Russian Prime Minister, is heading for policies similar to those that have brought disaster to Ukraine. But relations between Russia and Ukraine are not rational. Very few Russians on either side of the border can accept the separation of Ukraine. The Russian state had its origins in Kiev in the ninth century and the link has been strong ever since, even during Ukraine's brief intervals of independence between being ruled by others. The hope of reconstructing the shattered trading area of the Soviet Union and regaining access to cheap energy attracts even some Ukrainians. But most have a strong sense of national identity and will prefer to defend their newly won independence and to resist secessionist moves among Russians.
The stage therefore looks set for a tense period, aggravated by the Ukrainian parliament's reluctance to endorse President Kravchuk's decision to sign away the country's nuclear weapons to Russia. Suspicion of Moscow has joined with declining faith in the West to persuade Ukrainians that they must look after their own security.
The tragedy of the situation is that it will look so unnecessary in the eye of history. Ukraine is a large and potentially prosperous country with a population of 52 million, plenty of skills, rich soil, and traditions that could make it a bridge between Russia and the West. One day it will be among Europe's most important states. Its journey to that position should not have to be as rough as it seems likely to be.Reuse content | <urn:uuid:e8e74f33-72ca-4b18-9be5-3e2d93fa94fc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/leading-article-straining-ukraine-to-breaking-point-1410556.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00345-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973716 | 389 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Do you remember the 1998 Robin Williams film Patch Adams, about a doctor who seeks to use humour and compassion to treat improve patient hospital care?
A startup supported by the real Dr Patch Adams is now trying to advance his theory about laughter being the best medicine, by looking to put free 24-hour comedy video channels on hospital TVs and mobile devices in the US.
Chindamo noticed that when his father and other family members had extended stays in hospital, they spent most of their time watching TV that made them more anxious, unhappy and stressed, such as daytime reality tabloid talk shows about fighting families and grim national and international news reports.
"I think the best way we can use the power of video is to help sick people get well faster and with less pain," explains Chindamo in his Indiegogo video.
"That's why I've founded LaughMD to deliver the healing power of funny videos to those who need it most, like hospital patients."
Laughter as a form of treatment
Adams has spent over 30 years trying to change the US healthcare system and trying to increase the use of laughter as a healing tool, regularly holding healing workshops focused on clowning.
He is not the only one who believes in this method of therapy, however.
Numerous studies in recent years have found significant scientific evidence that laughter can help people to get well faster as it decreases stress hormones, improves the immune system and boosts endorphins, such as the work by Dr Lee Berk, an associate research professor of pathology and human anatomy at the School of Medicine, Loma Linda University.
There is also a new rising fitness trend of "laughter yoga" in the UK and US – a type of yoga where people are taught to induce laughter as well as relaxation techniques and yogic breathing to reduce stress.
LaughMD wants to offer hospitals two 24-hour comedy video channels suitable for both children and adults run on IPTV networks, so patients can watch the content whenever they want using mobile apps on their smartphones or tablets.
The Indiegogo campaign has so far raised $2,986 (£1,796) out of its $10,000 goal, with the help of 58 backers.
As LaughMD's whole premise aims at making people laugh, the perks available for backers include joke DIY appendectomy kits, personalised Operation board games with your picture on it and the opportunity to be a virtual VJ on the LaughMD TV channel.
People who pledge between $500-$2500 will receive coaching from professional comedians on writing better jokes, which will be performed on the channel, a lifetime pass to a world famous comedy club or the chance to perform their own live stand-up routine on the TV channel. | <urn:uuid:30114e63-6855-4238-b1c1-2038fb1884a6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/patch-adams-approach-mobile-app-uses-comedy-treat-hospital-patients-1463464 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00072-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965945 | 551 | 1.773438 | 2 |
“And God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes”
Revelation 21:4 (KJV)
When many of us as children were taken to the doctor’s office for an injection or some other unwanted procedure, we would become frightened. Perhaps our parents would urge us not to cry and promise us a reward for being brave. When I had my tonsils removed I was promised all the ice cream I could eat. That was a great treat we only enjoyed on special occasions.
In parts of western society crying has been seen as a weakness, especially when a man cries. We allow women to weep and it is acceptable, but from childhood boys are told, “Men do not cry.” The idea was that if we boys wished to prove we were grown up we would not cry. Imagine if an actor like Clint Eastwood had a crying part in one of his movies such as Dirty Harry. It would ruin his image of a tough man in seconds.
Yet most of us, men and women, have had occasions when we wept and did not try to hold back the tears. Well meaning friends may urge us to stop crying, but it does not matter to us in the pain of our new situation.
Many times I have been in the presence of someone who has suffered a sudden and very unwelcome turn of events in life. When the tears start to flow some of these people apologise to me for crying. My usual comment is that the situation is indeed worth crying over. I seek to assure the individual that tears are appropriate in such a situation.
So in numerous contexts weeping is a good thing to do. There are even health benefits that seem to be related to having a good cry. It is also stated by scientists that humans are the only creatures who cry. So God has given us a way to cope with sorrow and we are free to make good use of it when necessary. Even Jesus is recorded to have wept at times in His life among us.
The great news is that those who love the Lord will outlive tears. From passages in the Old Testament through the last book of the New Testament we read of sorrow disappearing and God wiping the tears from the eyes of His people (Isaiah 25:8; 35:10; 65:19).
We are assured that the reason for tears disappearing is that God will live with His people forever. There is a sense now that God is unseen, removed, living elsewhere even though He does watch over us. In Leviticus 26:11-12 we read, “I will put my dwelling place among you…I will walk among you and be your God, and you will be my people.” (NIV)
For those who have rejected Jesus there are statements that when they see Him they shall weep and shed many tears (Revelation 1:7). Believers shall have nothing but joy and delight in that great day.
Is this your hope as you face days of weeping? Can you say with the Psalmist, “Weeping may endure for a night, but joy comes in the morning.”
May you have grace to endure your present sorrow knowing that the day will come when all your tears shall be gone because Jesus has come for you. | <urn:uuid:d276bc15-d36b-4b9a-930c-44c4955ca4fa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rumfordministries.org/2012/01/28/no-more-crying/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.981985 | 669 | 1.90625 | 2 |
In the morning, I crave something sweet. I need to get that energy boost before I start my day or go outside for a run. Usually I’ll nosh on a piece of fruit, but sometimes I want to save the digestion and get the nutrients as directly as possible. That’s where a juice comes in. I’m a huge fan of green juices, but I sometimes keep things fruit-centric. This juice uses the earthy, albeit sweet, backdrop of carrots and the lightness of pears for a morning appropriate beverage. With a few dashes of cayenne, you’ll be sure to get yourself out the door in no time. Enjoy!
Check out why this is a glow-worthy morning tonic!
Carrot Juice: improves the function of the liver and digestive tract, contains cancer-preventative vitamin E, eases aches and pains associated with aging, improve eye sight, reverses bone disorder, is packed with cholesterol-fighting potassium, reduces fat and bile in the liver, tones and clears the skin, slows cell degeneration with its antioxidant content, and is an excellent source of beta-carotene, which is converted to vitamin A in the body.
Pear Juice: is high in antioxidants, helps guard against high blood pressure and stroke, improves digestion and stimulates regularity, improves immune system function, and contributes to bone health due t its copper, boron, and vitamin C content.
Cayenne: is a powerhouse! It rebuilds stomach tissues and stimulates digestion. It helps to relieve dyspepsia, reduce pain symptoms, heal skin conditions, lower the risk of cancer and relieve headaches. *Apparently a few drops of cayenne extract in the mouth is an effective emergency aid in the event of a heart attack. Cayenne pepper boosts circulation and increase heart action, so it may just do the trick! But let’s keep things preventative here…
Sweet Morning Juice
Prep Time: 5 minutes
Keywords: juice raw vegan vegetarian detox pears cayenne carrots lemons
Ingredients (1 serving)
- 2 carrots
- 2 pears
- Squeeze of lemon
- 2 dashes of cayenne
- Mint for garnish | <urn:uuid:074a5d67-246a-460f-9a6c-8b24bc80fc6f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.glowkitchen.com/2012/09/sweet-morning-wake-up-juice/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00175-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.883178 | 465 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Thanks to some solid GDP numbers from China earlier this week, coal investors had reason to celebrate. Alpha Natural Resources (NYSE:ANR), Arch Coal (NYSE:ACI), and Peabody Energy (NYSE:BTU) saw their share prices soar as traders placed confidence in the return to growth of China's economy.
This optimism may be short lived, however, as coal prices continue to decline.
The coal pricing environment has been weak for some time now. Metallurgical coal prices are still bouncing around their lows, but steam coal prices have recovered strongly. Steam coal prices have recently weakened following a rally, however, and this could signify inventory restocking. If inventories are stocked then demand is falling, and this could cause the recent weakness.
Fortunately, around 16 million tons per annum of coal production capacity has been taken out of the market during the past year or so; this is good news for the market. These production cuts are expected to flow through the system over the next few months.
No relief in sight
According to Moody's Investors Service, most U.S. production is unprofitable at current prices, and as much as half of global output is making a loss. The market for metallurgical coal was oversupplied by about 30 million metric tons at the end of the first quarter, pushing benchmark prices to a six-year low of $120 per ton.
According to Moody's, U.S. coking coal miners won't be profitable until the benchmark price reaches $160 to $170. The group of miners could supply over 50 million metric tons this year, while burning more than $1 billion in cash; that's an unsustainable level of cash burn.
While capacity is falling out of the market, the coal industry's existence is still under threat, especially within the U.S. New legislation announced by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is set to flatten demand for the black mineral as coal-fired power plants disappear from existence.
The EPA's rules will make it virtually impossible to build new coal power plants within the U.S. without carbon capture and sequestration technology. Many coal-fired plants are too old to bother with this technology, so owners are planning to close their doors. Around 15% of existing U.S. coal burning capacity is due to shut down by 2016.
With around 90% of coal produced within the U.S. being used for electricity generation, even a small reduction in demand will have a significant impact on prices. A decline in demand of 15% will really hit coal prices.
On life support
It remains to be seen if Arch, Peabody, and Alpha will actually be able to survive a 15% decline in demand. Unfortunately, the fact of the matter is that each company will benefit if another goes under.
As miners collapse under low prices, the supply of coal into the market will fall. This should push prices back up, but it will be too late for some.
Cliffs Natural Resources is already feeling the pain. As the company fights an expensive proxy battle and suffers from a fall in the price of iron ore, the company has been forced to idle its Pinnacle metallurgical coal mine in West Virginia.
Cliffs does not give per-mine cost figures. However, the company reported that each ton of coal it produced during the first quarter cost $100 to mine. The same ton of coal sold for just $89. Including depreciation, the company reported a loss per ton in excess of $30. This is likely to be the first of many large coal mine closures.
The bottom line
The fact of the matter is that the coal industry is struggling, and there appears to be no letup in sight. The price of coal continues to decline, and the declines have only been compounded by rising oversupply within the market. It would appear that a significant supply will need to be taken out of the market before prices stabilize.
Rupert Hargreaves has no position in any stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days. We Fools may not all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy. | <urn:uuid:c8bcb3f9-c08f-46d6-b77d-90e5c7101807> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2014/07/21/theres-no-relief-in-sight-for-us-coal-miners.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00118-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962755 | 886 | 1.75 | 2 |
Arenal Volcano within Arenal Volcano National Park is one of the most known tourist attractions in the country. Addressing 290 square miles, the preservation room discusses eight of this 12 lifestyle zones in Costa Rica and is a popular place to go for a myriad of people. There are numerous lodges and resort hotels in your neighborhood, providing to many techniques from adventure travel to all-natural hot spring season pleasures. Birdwatchers should visit a€“ regarding the 850 types which have been identified in Costa Rica, the majority of can be obtained right here.
Manuel Antonio State Playground
The jewel of Costa Rica, Manuel Antonio nationwide Park could be the tiniest playground in the nation, yet has some really remarkable landscapes. Forbes magazine known as they one of the most stunning parks in the nation last year. The species belongs to the charms. Consider white mud shores nestled into coves, the rich exotic forest over the sides, huge hills rising up from the center of this woods. The interesting and delightful coral reefs tend to be a snorkeler’s dream!
Set in the southern area Pacific coastline of Costa Rica, Ballena aquatic state Park try a largely oceanic park, with 110 escort in Pompano Beach hectares of area and 5375 regarding the ocean. It’s named following the humpback sharks that migrate from July to October, right after which again from December through March. In a country with 11 era a lot more aquatic region than area, Costa Rica’s Ballena Marine National Park was aimed at saving the wealthy aquatic ecosystem associated with the location.
Carara State Playground, Core Pacific Coast
Located on the main Pacific shore, Carara state playground is among the most north rainforest event regarding the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica. Initially a biological hold, the park enhanced to a national playground in 1998. The playground could very well be most well-known because of its untamed scarlet macaw people but enjoys a wealth of some other exotic bird variety that attract birdwatchers and creatures devotee. Another popular attraction around the playground will be the Tarcoles lake Crocodile Bridge. Travelers wonder in the remarkable proportions a€“ some achieving 16 feet long- and wide range of crazy crocodiles inside their normal environment. Two and three-toed sloths can certainly be based in the park. There are two main hiking trails within the playground: the 0.6-mile Araceas character path plus the 2.7-mile Laguna Meandrica Trail. Carara state playground is one of the most readily available rainforest day trip activities for tourist staying in the San Jose and main Pacific place.
Palo Verde Nationwide Park, Guanacaste
Palo Verde nationwide playground are an often-overlooked wonder of wetlands amid the tropical dried out forests of the Guanacaste state. The park is flooded by Tempisque lake to generate a marshy house for an abundance of wetland bird variety like Roseate Spoonbills, Egrets, material Storks, and Herons. Inside the green season (from Summer through November), the park marshes swell and attract animals a€“ upping your odds of sightings. Publication a float trip with a specialist naturalist directing your through this big system of stations and mangroves on the lookout for animals.
Rincon de los angeles Vieja National Park, Guanacaste
Rincon de la Vieja will be the highest and most active volcano in Costa Rica’s north-west area for Guanacaste at 6,286 feet above sea-level. The term which means a€?Corner on the Old Womana€? arises from a legend of a native princess whoever partner was thrown to the crater by her enraged pops. She uses the remainder of their lifestyle roaming the volcanic pitch because of the power to treat. Anyone pursuing healing treatments started to a€?the area of the outdated womana€? to heal by themselves from conditions. Rincon de la Vieja Volcano final erupted in 2011, although geothermal activity under the exterior still continues to be active as vents, geysers, fumaroles, hot springs, and mudbaths dot the area. Led hikes are positioned through playground to understand more about the landscape, explore the creatures, and find out waterfalls. | <urn:uuid:d1a49ad1-5f3c-4f64-9c44-f5ef3530e47c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.obsa.si/index.php/ballena-marine-national-playground-southern-area/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.931989 | 886 | 1.625 | 2 |
How much could the government save by cutting prison costs?
According to a new report issued by the National Council on Crime and Delinquency, billions of dollars could be saved through reforming the United States prison system. California alone could save an estimated $1.4 billion.
As of 2006, the United States has imprisoned over 1.6 million people. The United States also has the highest incarceration rates in the world. This rate is predicted to rise as “get tough on crime” laws continue to be issued.
This report “analyzes prison and jail populations in the United States as a whole and in four key states–California, Florida, New York, and Texas–to determine 1) how many prisoners are non-serious offenders and what it costs to lock them up, 2) what proven effective alternatives are in use and what they cost, and 3) what savings could be realized if a portion of the non-serious offenders were sentenced to alternatives instead of prison and jail.”
Filed under: Civil Liberties, Drugs, Immigration, Military Industrial Complex, Prison Industrial Complex Tagged: | California, civil rights, Florida, human rights, National Council on Crime and Delinquency, New York, prisons, Prohibition, Texas, War on Drugs, women, youth | <urn:uuid:978a4d75-07c1-40fb-8b68-4431bc9a4a61> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://bbvm.wordpress.com/2010/01/25/prisons-too-expensive/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00272-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952196 | 262 | 2.359375 | 2 |
The majority of motorists in the UK exceed the motorway speed limit of 70 mph, a new survey reveals.
According to the study by Autocar, almost 95% of drivers speed on motorways, with most interested in reaching their destination more quickly than environmental issues.
People could risk highercar insurance premiums because of speeding convictions.
The survey was conducted as the Government announced that it is considering to raise the 70 mph speed limit on the motorway.
Some 41.5% of respondents supported the Government's plan.
However, 19.3% said the coalition's green credential's would be harmed by raising the speed limit.
Only 3.5% of people said they never exceed the 70 mph limit, while 1.9% said they were not sure as to whether they had broken the limit.
Jim Holder, Autocar editor said: "With such a high proportion of motorists breaking the speed limit, it seems that Prime Minister David Cameron looking at raising the motorway speed limit will be popular with the motorist.
"However, if David Cameron wants a real vote winner, he'd be better off putting something back in motorists' hard hit pockets by cutting fuel duty."
Copyright © Press Association 2011 | <urn:uuid:752933c5-0d50-41e8-b161-11e8b292f559> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.rac.co.uk/drive/news/motoring-news/most-drivers-speed-on-motorway | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719646.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00126-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964619 | 250 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Great circuses, dozens of quirky museums and huge green spaces make Moscow a surprise hit with young visitors
A city built on an inhuman scale, with towering skyscrapers and gridlocked traffic, Moscow may not sound like a child-friendly destination. The first day in town with a stroller, for instance, can be a bewildering experience. How does one cross the 10-lane street to get to the cat theater on the other side? Over time, the city reveals itself. Expat parents and their children become intoxicated by the fairy-tale nature of the place, and enjoy the pleasures of outdoor ice skating on Red Square or watching Bolshoi matinees. Observing trapeze artists swoop like birds through the world’s biggest big top is a great experience. Strolling through waterside Gorky Park or peering into the original Vostok craft that carried Yuri Gagarin into space, visitors might even start to think Moscow is perfect for children. There is plenty here to amuse kids and new venues open all the time.
Clowns and crocodiles
But it is the Russian circus that fuels the most magnificent daydreams. Moscow’s oldest circus is on Tsvetnoi Boulevard, just twenty minutes’ walk north of the Kremlin. Albert Salomonsky, a bareback rider-turned-businessman, built it in 1880 and framed his first ever ruble of profit to put on the wall of the box office for luck. His catch phrase was ‘clowns are good; ticket sales are good’. The circus operated throughout the devastation of World War II. Clown Yuri Nikulin, Russia’s Buster Keaton, joined the circus immediately after the war and worked there for fifty years. Since Yuri’s death in 1997, his son Maxim has run the show, now known as the ‘Nikulin circus’.
A statue of Yuri Nikulin getting into his car stands on the pavement outside and several bronze clowns unicycle around a fountain across the leafy boulevard. The show promises bears, monkeys, dancing poodles and aerial gymnasts, the ‘White Birds’. Last year’s spectacle included snakes and crocodiles, horseback dancers and acrobats, along with the perennial clowns.
The newer Bolshoi (Great) Circus, near the Moscow State University, also continues to attract huge audiences with its mixture of animal acts and human skill. The 1971 building, the largest permanent circus in the world, is high enough to accommodate flying trapezes and wide enough to host parading elephants. Below the 118-foot high big top are subterranean levels plunging half as deep again, containing six interchangeable arenas, suitable for horse-riding, optical illusions, electronic lighting spectacles and even aquatic shows with marine animals and water ballet.
Coaches and Felt boots
Children with particular passions, like dinosaurs or space, will find world-class, relevant museums in Moscow. The Central Museum of the Armed Forces allows kids to climb all over the tanks and rocket launchers in the garden. Some of the more impressive elements of the Moscow’s biggest attractions, like the Egyptian gallery in the Pushkin Arts’ Museum or the coaches in the Kremlin’s Armory can appeal to kids too, but sometimes what you need is a tiny bite-sized museum like the Museum of Valenki (Russian felt boots). It’s only one room, but the guide speaks English and you can see the huge woolly shape that boils down into durable footwear before trying on sauna hats in the factory shop next door.
New Gorky Park and spacemen
Just over a year ago, oligarch Roman Abramovich bought up the dilapidated funfairs of Moscow’s Gorky Park and transformed them into a utopian expanse of beanbags and juice bars, deck chairs, outdoor art and yoga classes. The setting for Martin Cruz Smith’s gruesome novel disappoints cold-war connoisseurs, but delights kids. Instead of frozen bodies, it has traditionally been full of decommissioned space shuttles and rickety roller coasters. This past summer it had become a really great place for riverside relaxation. Recent additions to this burgeoning paradise include a mini-zoo, summer cinema and a café with a swimming pool. In winter, the paths are flooded to create miles of skate-able ice.
The All-Russia Exhibition Center, known as VDNKh, was a 1930s agricultural show, full of golden fountains and ornate pavilions. The surviving architectural wonderland has its own circus, fairgrounds and seasonal ice rink. It is also the home of the Cosmonautics and Ice Age museums, the monorail, a butterfly house, and kiosks full of lava lamps and energy balls. | <urn:uuid:a4ebb852-8ff6-4a79-8bd4-3f41356d7099> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.frivolette.com/lifestyle/travel/visiting-moscow-with-kids | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00268-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937218 | 997 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Málaga is hip. The Spanish city is alive and kicking. Big companies have set up in offices overlooking the sea and there is already talk of the ‘Málaga Valley’, referring to Málaga as the ‘European Silicon Valley’.
According to sources, more than 600 new companies have settled here, creating more than 20,000 jobs with salaries averaging more than €55,000 gross per year. This is the result of a major transformation into a more modern, more active, more lively and very interesting city. With plenty of culture and history.
The arrival of art
The revival began with the arrival of large museums and art centres. And little by little, the city is doing away with the idea that it is only a destination for sun, beach and sardines. Which is already great, of course, but there is more! The trend to combine work and holidays, the ‘workation’ and the digital nomads have also made their appearance. How wonderful it is to work in the morning with a view of the sea and in the afternoon and evening to enjoy the beach and a fascinating culture and all kinds of activities.
When it comes to museums, Málaga boasts both quantity (it has 38) and quality and variety. With subjects such as Semana Santa, bullfighting, football, wine and air transport. The Picasso Museum, located in a 16th century palace and the most visited museum in Andalucia, is also in Málaga. It is the result of the artist’s own wish that his work be present in his native city.
Like Picasso, Baroness Carmen Thyssen also had the dream of displaying part of her collection in Málaga. The permanent collection invites visitors on a journey through Spanish painting of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Also worth a visit!
And one of the latest acquisitions is the Centre Pompidou, which has become one of the landmarks of the port area thanks to its colourful cube. Inside, visitors take a journey through 20th and 21st century art, with some of the most important works of contemporary art in the world, including works by Frida Kahlo and Francis Bacon.
The centre invites you…
Málaga is one of the oldest cities in Europe and you can see evidence of this in several places. For example, the Alcazaba, a magnificent example of a Moorish palace-fortress, is one of the great icons and a must-see. Next to it are the remains of the Roman theatre and, a little further on, the castle of Gibralfaro. The former temporary residence of King Fernando el Católico still offers one of the most spectacular views.
While strolling through the historical centre, you will automatically arrive at the cathedral, one of the great jewels of the Spanish Renaissance. Nuestra Señora de la Encarnación is known as ‘la manquita’ by the locals and although it was completed in the 18th century, one of its towers is still unfinished. And finally, those who have seen enough culture can go shopping around Calle Larios. Or simply enjoy one of the lovely terraces.
Also read: Málaga´s best roof top bars | <urn:uuid:7b13556f-1d74-4031-8fc2-c2229ebe9a27> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://inspain.news/this-spanish-city-is-a-workaday-mecca/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.962704 | 685 | 1.703125 | 2 |
It is quite common that lots of sawdust, branches, leaves, grass and weeds, even paper are thrown around without being used. However, with a wood pellet machine, these materials can be fully utilized by the pellet mill to make into wood pellets. When being turned into wood pellets, they can be burned as fuel and fulfill their value. Whether you are using an industrial wood pellet machine or a homemade wood pellet machine, you can always make use of waste materials around to make wood pellets.
Right now, the prices of traditional energy such as coal, oil, natural gas, soar all the time. For large industries, like industrial boiler and large power plant where a large quantity of fuel is required, an alternative energy is badly needed. Here, wood pellets appear at the right time. Compared to original energy, wood pellets are featured by low cost and renewability. With wood pellets produced by wood pellet machine, the problem of industrial fuel can be solved.
Features that come with the machines are various from different manufactures. There are some machines that come with complex features compared to others. In this case, you will discover that the pricing will tend to higher. By contrast, the one with simple structure is usually tend to be lower in price. For instance, the flat die pellet mill which is originated from china with simple structures is usually cheaper when compared with rprofessional wood pellet making machine under the same conditions.
As people's awareness of environmental protection improves, original fuel resources have been somewhat abandoned. More countries join the queue of using green fuel to preserve the earth. In result, wood pellet machine is gaining more favor to produce wood pellets as fuel. In turn, professional wood pellet making machine investment will definitely be profitable as well as meet the world's requirement.
Henan Fote Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd. will offer you the best pellet machine and pellet plant. we are dedicated to giving you the first-class service. If you are interested in these products, welcome to contact or visit our company. | <urn:uuid:62e78f03-6dca-43bf-8f83-7a7c5f67d815> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.equipmentimes.com/product/details/Professional-Wood-Pellet-Making-Machine-Investment-_7000.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00015-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953926 | 418 | 2.03125 | 2 |
We spent some of last week watching footage of teachers from Partnership for Inner City Education– a group of Catholic schools in NYC whose mission is to develop outstanding schools that serve low-income students.
We love their work generally- what’s not to love about insightful, mission-driven people making every school a little better every day- so we were really happy to spend a few hours watching video of some of their best teachers with members of their leadership team. We focused on what their top teachers did that worked and how they could replicate and adapt those things throughout their schools.
One of the highlights was the teaching of History teacher Will Beller, whose thoughtful and rigorous study of All Quiet on the Western Front had us quietly buzzing. We loved how Will had his students respond directly to text using writing and Turn and Talk. Quickly unpacking a key scene and then getting back into the text.
There’s so much of value in what Will does that I thought I’d post this clip alongside the commentary of a few folks who were at the session, from my team and the Partnership team, so you could see some of the strengths of Will’s teaching through their eyes as well.
First, Here’s Will:
Notes from Steph Becker, Academic Dean Mt. Carmel-Holy Rosary School
Some reasons why I love this clip:
Will crafted a perfect Everybody Writes opportunity to jump-start students’ thinking: “What was the narrator’s impression of the Kaiser.” Students then wrote a response using textual evidence. His next question took the Everybody Writes moment a step further when he asked why would the soldiers’, impression of the Kaiser be important? Already having established what that impression is, he’s now getting at the “why” behind it–why would these impressions be significant? What’s the bigger impact? Why is this something important we should be dwelling on?
This was the perfect moment to insert a Turn and Talk, so that students had an opportunity to refine their ideas with a partner before sharing out to the full group. Knowing Will, I’m sure he was scouring the room listening for those responses he wanted to share out.
The students’ responses not only highlighted their analysis, but also I think demonstrated how reading and writing up-front prepares students to have a meaningful discussion. Last, I also loved how the discussion question he planned had purpose–it set the stage for jumping back into the text and seeing how these impressions bear weight on events to come in the novel.
Notes from Colleen Driggs (team TLaC):
With his Cold Calls, Will warmly invites students to enter into the conversation. He genuinely wants them to feel included in the conversation and his phrasing makes that message clear.
- “I’m going to call on a few people and I’m not going to react. I just want to hear what they thought and give you a chance to compare yours to theirs to see if we can come to a consensus. Ricardo, let’s read it!”
Asking a student to share what they think is a low stakes invitation into the conversation. It may not be right, but it’s important. Your response matters and we’ll all learn from it.
Without missing a beat, he calls on Ricardo with enthusiasm, “let’s read it!” It sounds inviting, and it also implies that this is a team effort.
Why would soldiers’ opinions of the emperor be significant? Turn and Talk.
- [After the Turn and Talk] “Jordan, what were you and Jennifer kicking around?”
“Kicking around” implies that the goal of your Turn and Talk was to start forming ideas, and he’s excited to hear them even if they’re not perfectly fleshed out yet. Together, he’s saying, we’ll do the work of refining.
Including Jennifer’s name in the Cold Call is important because it reinforces that Jordan’s response was influenced by his partner. Will shines a light on the contributions of two students.
- “What do you think Jonathan? Louder, ”
Again, Will simply asks Jonathan to enter the conversation by sharing his thoughts. And then warmly prompts him to make his voice louder. Jonathan’s thoughts matter, so everyone should be able to hear him.
Notes from Karen Cichon, Partnership’s Co-Director of Literacy Achievement
My two favorite things about Will’s footage:
1) I really like Will’s use of Turn and Talk, and the conversations it prompted. His students are used to this routine — they jump right in and start talking with their partner. Students were immersed in the content and were eager to engage. I also love the way Will facilitated the discussion after the Turn and Talk. It felt scholarly, respectful, warm, and polite. Students referenced their partner in the answer (Jordan included Jennifer, Jonathan referenced Melissa). That’s a tiny detail but I think it shows how they’ve been socialized to value the collegiality of the Turn and Talk and to seek to listen as carefully as they speak. I even loved that one student asked “How do you say that?” She cared enough to say it right but it also shows it’s safe to not know the answers right away in Will’s classroom.
2) Another thing I love about that clip is how well it demonstrates the use of our reading guidelines in the content areas. You might need to remind your viewers/readers that this is a history class! I love how he embraces the message that every teacher is a reading teacher. No doubt about it, content is king to our “humble historian”– but he knows one of the most important ways to get his students to the content he loves is to help them become analytical readers.
Notes From Dan Cotton (Team TLaC)
One of my favorite moments was when Will told his class: “I’m going to call on a few people I’m not going to react. I just want to hear what some people thought and check your answer against theirs.”
Here Will is being transparent with his scholars about “Managing His Tell.” (Not reacting in a way that gives away what he thinks of the answer). This furthers his general reinforcement of intellectual risk-taking (he tells students to “give it a go” when they are asked to share; he casually asks “what are you kicking around? As if it’s inherently preliminary. His students understand that they can share initial thinking without fear of judgment or need to be “correct.” The phrase “I’m not going to react” also helps Will remind himself that “managing his tell” is what he’s striving for in this moment. | <urn:uuid:bc2e6512-3d05-4554-a209-d76cdd62ca26> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://teachlikeachampion.org/blog/will-beller-unpacks-quiet-western-front/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.972225 | 1,461 | 2.609375 | 3 |
We see surface design every day without even realizing it. The pattern on your favorite shirt? That was made by a pattern designer. The tablecloth that your grandma brings out over the holidays? That was created by a surface artist.
In this tutorial, we’ll teach you what surface design is, how you can get started with your own patterns, and what you need to know about building a career as a surface designer.
What is Surface Design?
Surface design is the creation of artwork, prints, and designs that can be applied to a surface—anything from fabric and wallpaper to notebooks and home decor. You can probably see at least 10 different examples of a pattern designer’s work from where you’re sitting right now.
Surface pattern designs can be both standalone or repeating patterns, depending on what the final goal is. Seamless repeating patterns, for example, are most commonly found in gift wrap or wallpaper. The pattern will be an exact match throughout with no beginning or end so that the customer can use as much or as little as they’d like without having to worry about the design looking off.
While it’s possible to use an existing artwork or print and fit it to a product, most pattern designers are instructed to craft something to fit a set product range to ensure that the pattern works effectively on those items. For those who take existing work and adapt it to a product, the final look should always imply the opposite–that it was created specifically for that item.
Examples of Surface Design
Patterns can be found on many consumer products, though there are a few categories where surface designers most often see their work featured. The design surfaces and techniques used to create the final product vary greatly, from mass market productions to one-off pieces designed specifically for an individual customer.
Upholstery on throw pillows, armchairs, bed linens, and quilts are where you’ll likely find the best examples of surface patterns designs in your home.
Wallpaper and Curtains
Wallpaper and curtains in homes and workplaces are another great example of surface design out in the world.
With designs printed, dyed, embroidered, and woven onto the fabric, our clothing is one of the best examples of surface designs that we see and use every day.
From notebooks to greeting cards or gift wrap to calendars, paper products are where many new pattern designers get started. Their small and simple nature makes it easy for amateur artists to test out different design styles and surfaces before committing to a bigger project.
Get Started on Your Own Surface Pattern Designs!
Surface Pattern Design Fundamentals
How to Learn Surface Pattern Design
Now that you have a better understanding of what surface design is, it’s time to get working on your own projects! When it comes to how to make a pattern, there are plenty of tools and courses to help you get started. But the first step before doing any actual design work is to think about what you want to achieve and the type of product you’re designing for.
Design surfaces, or the material you’ll be working with to showcase your final design, plays an important role in determining what the final design looks like. For example, beading or other three-dimensional elements may work well on certain fabrics for clothing or throw pillows, but wouldn’t be as effective for wallpaper or on a mug.
Once you’ve made those decisions, you can start working on the pattern itself. Adobe Illustrator and Affinity Designer are good tools to use if you’re a new surface designer, whether you’re working on a computer or a tablet.
There are three main steps to building your pattern. First, sketch your pattern on paper and scan it into your tool. From here, you can trace it in your software to digitize it.
Then, using your eye-dropper tool, build a custom color palette. This will be helpful for customizing your pattern once you’re ready to add colors and shades. You can then group these color swatches and save this to your deck to use in future projects as well.
When all of your individual sketches are digitized, you can drag them into your work board and position them to make your final surface pattern designs. Once all of your individual elements have been colored to your liking, group different pieces together to make it easier to copy onto the final design board.
In your work board, you can build both standalone designs and repeating patterns using the elements you’ve completed.
For repeating patterns, draw a square in the center of your work board and send it to the back, then start adding in your design elements. Remember that the left and right axis should match, as should the top and bottom axis. This will ensure that your design is endlessly repeating. Once all of your edges are the same, you can add anything you like to the middle of the square. You can then group everything together and add to your color swatch–you have your first pattern!
How Do You Become a Surface Designer?
You’ve made your first few patterns and have decided that you’d like to try working as a surface artist or pattern designer. But where do you start?
The good news is that anyone with artistic talent can become a surface designer! But like any other art form, being a great designer takes years of practice to establish a signature style that will help you stand out from the crowd. Keep taking classes and drawing as much as you can to stay on top of your skills.
You’ll also want to build your portfolio online and create a website where potential customers can find and contact you, either about buying work you’ve already created or commissioning you for custom pieces.
Ready to make surface design your full-time job? If you’re looking to work in-house as a surface designer, you can start applying for positions as soon as you have a sizable portfolio (or even sooner if you’re applying for entry-level jobs). Typical salaries for corporate work are around $45,000 per year, depending on your experience level and qualifications. But if freelance life is more your style, there are plenty of great options for building different income streams from your work.
Licensing your designs—when a client will pay you an ongoing fee to use your designs on their products—is a good choice for recurring income, particularly if you can offer this to multiple clients at once. This is the best option if you just want to create designs and don’t want to handle any product manufacturing or shipping yourself.
If creating a finished product is important to you, you can easily create an online shop on your website or through marketplaces like Etsy or Society6. Like other artists, you can upload your designs or prints to these sites and customers can buy on-demand. Remember though, if you’re using a third-party platform, they’ll take a cut of your profits.
There really is no limit to what you can do if you’re interested in pursuing a career in surface pattern design, whether that’s in a traditional work setting or as a freelancer. No matter what option you choose, keep practicing, develop your skills, and have fun!
Turn Your Hobby Into Your Career!
Surface Pattern Design 2.0: Design a Collection | Start a Career | <urn:uuid:c5968555-b240-4abd-850d-5f40e944ad40> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.skillshare.com/blog/a-guide-to-surface-design-and-pattern-design/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.934703 | 1,537 | 2.640625 | 3 |
The commitment to increased production was evident in wartime issues of the union newspaper, as was the changing demography of the industry. Women handled more of the cannery jobs stateside while Alaskan Natives found work in the northern canneries.
This essay is presented in five chapters.
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Early Unionism in the Pacific Coast Fisheries
Chapter 3: A Coastwise, Industrial Union
Chapter 4: World War II
Chapter 5: Struggle, Strikes and Collapse
Leo Baunach's essay won the 2013 Library Research Award given by University of Washington Libraries.
by Leo Baunach
Even as the new industrial union of fishermen took shape, the world was turning towards war. Within months of IFAWA's founding, Europe was locked in combat with the United States to follow two years later. And long before Pearl Harbor war was reshaping the fishing industry and creating challenges and opportunities for the CIO's West Coast fishing union. Security concerns and manpower shortages would transform the demography of the union, creating opportunities for women and Native Alaskans. The union's ties to the Communist Party created other challenges, first during the period of the Hitler-Stalin pact, then again as anti-communism became a central theme of post-war America.
As we have seen, the union traced its origins to the efforts of the Communist Party, and CP members were influential at local and international levels. As with other Party-linked organizations, the global situation became a source of internal and external tension when in late 1939 the Party took the position that the United States should stay out of the war, end support for England and France, and reject the defense buildup ordered by the Roosevelt administration. The Party's antiwar position hurt its standing in the CIO and set off a wave of federal investigations and prosecutions. In unions like the United Autoworkers Workers and International Woodworkers of America fierce internal battles resulted in changes in leadership and political orientation.
Nothing similar happened in IFAWA. The union's Party connections led it to advocate for peace during the Hitler-Stalin pact that ended abruptly in June 1941 when Hitler invaded the Soviet Union. However, the peace politics was limited to rhetoric and indeed even that was inconsistant. The largest IFAWA component, the United Fishermen’s Union, approved a resolution in December 1940 in which the membership pledged that they were “willing at any time to go the defense of their country” and volunteering time to act as a Naval auxiliary. This was in part motivated by the union’s vehement animosity toward imperial Japan, which wedded practical concerns and anti-fascism. Opposition to imports of cheaper Japanese fish and the encroachment of Japanese boats into Alaskan and deep sea areas off the West Coast had long been a pillar of unity in IFAWA. Just days before Pearl Harbor, the union’s Convention passed a resolution decrying the use of underpaid “slave” labor by Japanese fishing companies and stating that “several years ago our union warned of the invasion of our fishing grounds in the North Pacific by the Japanese fascists and lodged protest after protest with the State Department.” This anger at foreign Japanese competition and a general failure to build relationships with significant numbers of Japanese-American fishermen, primarily in California, caused the union to be silent on internment. In its newspaper, the union coldly concluded that “since [Japanese fishermen] comprised less than 10 per cent of the total number of workers [in San Pedro], the industry will not suffer serious dislocation.” However, evidence suggests that a fully quarter of fishermen in California, including Japanese and non-citizen European immigrants, were barred from working during the war. It took two full years after the end of the war for IFAWA in the Puget Sound to officially resolve “that the Interned Japanese Fishermen who were members in good standing on December 7, 1941 and who have not violated the Constitution of IFAWA or the United States, shall be given the right to reinstate and again become members of IAWA upon payment of the current year’s dues.”
The fishing industry immediately experienced problems when the US entered World War II. Several ports and fisheries in California and Alaska were shuttered for security reasons, and additional regulations were placed on fishing times and the movement of boats. IFAWA successfully lobbied to reopen California, but major restrictions continued in Alaska for fear of a Japanese invasion. Meanwhile, some 30% of the union’s membership joined or was drafted into the military. As early as April 1942, the UFU-Puget Sound was experiencing financial problems and levied an additional assessment on top of dues. Similar problems with dropping membership and financial reserves were experienced throughout IFAWA.
International Fishermen and Allied Workers enthusiastically supported the war effort and maximum production in the fishing industry to feed the troops and home front. For example, a 1942 conference declared that “our responsibilities are clear, necessitating our imposing upon ourselves a strict Union discipline to carry through our tasks. We want greater efficiency, greater production. No obstacle can be allowed to stand in the way. Production must be stepped up to the maximum, commensurate with the conservation of our fisheries, and to this end we must critically examine existing methods and regulations.” The statement was intended to showcase the patriotism of fishermen while pushing for their right to work without restriction. In addition to lobbying on geographic restrictions, the union adapted its grievance handling procedures to advocate for members in front of draft boards. In a letter to a board on behalf of a member who had caught the equivalent of 38,000 half-pound flats of canned fish the prior season, Jurich wrote that “now the question quite naturally arises: can he best serve by producing food fish, or remaining in the armed forces and forgo producing this or a like amount of essential food next year?” IFAWA was successful in getting many fishermen classified as ‘essential’ defense workers that were thereby exempt from the draft. Additionally, the union convinced the government to allow members who had been classified as essential defense workers in their off-season jobs to have the option of temporarily leaving these positions to fish. In spite of the rule change, many skilled fishermen remained in defense plants and the availability of experienced crewmembers was limited throughout during the war.
The union followed the labor movement’s wartime policy of maintaining industrial peace so as to support the war effort, but was not entirely acquiescent. Two months after Pearl Harbor, the IFAWA newspaper opined that “Production of food in the fight for freedom requires full and complete cooperation between labor, government, the industry and the War Department if maximum production is to be achieved.” IFAWA and other unions that represented workers of the Alaska Salmon Industry (ASI), the employer’s association of most packers operating in the Territory, proposed a joint-labor management steering committee to set business practices and policy. The permanent committee would have had equal numbers of labor and corporate representatives, with a tie-breaking vote going to a government mediator. The ASI strongly opposed the idea and would only accept an ad-hoc committee to address issues directly related to the union. The Alaska Fishermen’s Union also used the new opportunity structure to push for a radical shift in labor relations with the ASI, asking for a monthly wage and profit-sharing in which a percentage of the season’s earnings would be distributed to workers. They were similarly rebuffed. The United Fishermen’s Union had more success with the Puget Sound salmon packers, who agreed to a joint union-industry council that held framework talks on price agreements.
The membership was not always in agreement with the leadership about a restrained wartime stance on industrial relations. In July 1943 the membership voted down a recommendation by the Executive Council of the United Fishermen’s Union to roll-over the previous Puget Sound Salmon Agreement. At that year’s convention there was reticence about endorsing the CIO no-strike pledge. Attacks on the union had not stopped with the war, and workers were reticent to give up their strongest tool – the strike – when the packers and government continued to use legal suppression. Attacks on the associational rights of fishermen continued with a federal anti-trust indictment against the Columbia River Fishermen’s Protective Union in 1942. Additionally, the Office of Price Administration (OPA), tasked with rationing and oversight of consumer goods during the war, imposed harsh and artificial limits on the earnings of fishermen. Despite debate over the proposition, there was never any real question about IFAWA’s compliance with the no-strike pledge. Without the strike, the union turned to government regulation to protect working conditions. If an impasse was reached in negotiations, the union could seek mediation by the Department of Labor’s Conciliation Service. Next, it could ask the War Labor Board to impose a favorable settlement on a company.
The union remained internally cohesive as the politics of the Yugoslavian membership base converged with those of the Communist Party-connected leadership. In 1941, the Balkans were occupied by Germany and a united resistance known as the Partisans was formed by the regional Communist Party and its leader, Josip Tito. Working-class Yugoslavian immigrants, who on the West Coast concentrated in the fishing industry, often supported the Partisans. In 1944, the United Fishermen’s Union Executive Council authored a “Resolution Supporting Yugoslav Peoples Liberation Armies” urging the US government to support the Partisans, and gained support for the measure from the Seattle and San Francisco Industrial Union Councils. IFAWA locals raised money to support the Yugoslavian people and the Partisans throughout the war, and longtime IFAWA leaders like George Ivankovich and Joe Jurich doubled as officers of solidarity organizations. After Yugoslavia was liberated, its delegate to the United Nations met with IFAWA members. After the war, IFAWA members successfully demanded the US investigate allegations that Tito was diverting food aid to the Army, charges which had suspended humanitarian aid through the United Nations. The investigation led to a reinstatement of aid. These struggles united Communist leaders with rank and file members who possessed a strong sense of transnational solidarity, and further cemented the cohesion created during the organizing struggles of the late 1930s.
IFAWA was a Communist-led union that had its roots in Party organizing. Beyond that, the records do not permit solid conclusion on the extent to which the Party tried to control the union or the attitude of the rank and file toward leftism. Several leaders of IFAWA were Party members with no background in the industry, like Jeff Kibre. Paul Dale was a first-generation immigrant that grew up in the fishing community of Astoria, but was also a college-educated Party organizer. It is unclear if Joe Jurich, the Tacoma-born President of the International, was ever a Party member. He was accused during some Red Scare hearings of supporting the Party, but not of actually being a member. The only evidence presented in the hearing was actions Jurich took in compliance with Convention resolutions, for example publicly opposing the imprisonment of Communist Party USA leader Earl Browder. It was routine for Conventions and other conferences and meetings to support causes and front groups linked to the Communist Party, and there was rarely dissension. Progressive and leftist delegates probably self-selected to attend these meetings, but in affiliates and locals conducted votes on the proposed resolutions beforehand and instructed their delegates on how to vote. On the Earl Browder resolution, a delegate of the Columbia River Fishermen’s Protective Union voted against the resolution saying his local had instructed him to oppose it, but noted that he personally supported the measure.
Most evidence of Communist connections comes from the upper level of the union. The union’s lawyer, George Andersen and his firm were deeply tied to the Party. Paul Pinksy, who assisted IFAWA on legal issues while a staffer for the California CIO and later defended the union in front of a CIO board that expelled the union from the federation for Communist influence, was named as a Party member. The experience of solidarity with the Partisans suggests a left-leaning membership, at least among the union’s base of Yugoslavians. However, the extent of radicalism among the rank and file is impossible to ascertain, and support of Tito may have had more to do with anti-fascism and ethnic nationalism than leftism. There was never public discontent with the politics of the leadership until the Red Scare began to build and the union entered a difficult period in the late 1940s. Even then, opposition was limited and isolated. IFAWA was a platform for agitating on many Communist causes like the Civil Rights Congress or the International Labor Defense, and the newspaper carried occasional stories like “Soviet Fishermen’s Union Controls Vast Industry,” which glorified union democracy and workplace control in the USSR. However, the union’s main business was always bread and butter improvements and it consistently delivered. Leadership was opaque about their Party affiliations out of necessity but never hid their political leanings and seemed to have a relationship with the rank and file that went beyond workplace issues.
On another front, the war brought important internal changes to the composition of the union when large numbers of women entered the industry for the first time. Many women worked in the canneries before the war, but had faced discrimination in hiring, job assignment and pay. The constriction of the male workforce led to expanded opportunities in canneries, and soon manifested in a growing cohort of women union leaders. A handful of cannery women had been union leaders, representatives and delegates before the war, but their influence was limited by the almost all-male fishing workforce. As of 1940, only one woman had ever been member of the United Fishermen’s Union who was not a shoreworker. She was Betty Lowman, a resident of Bellingham who paid for her education at the University of Washington by reefnetting off Lummi Island and crewing halibut boats in Alaska. Lowman had been active in the union as a representative of her local, but remained an anomaly in the commercial fishing section of the union outside a few women who fished alongside their families.
Women made up a large number of the voting delegates from cannery locals at the 1943 IFAWA Convention and one served as the official delegate to the CIO Convention. A resolution at the prior year’s Convention brought by six female delegates, Jurich and Vice-President Hecker is exemplary of the progress made, as well as its contradictions. The resolution stopped short of recognizing women’s right to work outside of wartime and advocated that single women be hired before those who were married and therefore likely had children. Nevertheless, the resolution also took a progressive stance in favor childcare, equal pay and training programs for cannery positions from which women had traditionally been excluded. Despite the continued articulation of a patriarchal attitude toward women’s participation in the workforce, these measures were groundbreaking. The resolution concluded by stating that “we further call upon our unions to recognize the presence of millions of women workers in industry and devote special study to the problems of such workers, to the opportunities created by their employment, and make full use of the qualities of initiative and leadership that they can bring to IFAWA.” On the latter, the union succeeded in incorporating women as equal members and leaders of the union, but there is no evidence of a concerted attempt to end unequal pay, which persisted for some cannery workers until the 1950s and 1960s.
Winnie Thomson is the most striking example of female leadership in this period. She was an active member and staffer of the UFU’s Fish Reduction and Saltery Workers Local 7, a member and trustee of the International Executive Board, IFAWA representative to the Washington State Industrial Union Council, Secretary-Treasurer of the Northwest Cannery Workers Conference, and an active member of the Northwest IFAWA Council. Although there was not meaningful progress on pay equity, the equal footing given women as leaders at all levels of union vindicated their work in the canneries against devaluation and marginalization. Women often worked some of the hardest and more manual jobs like sliming – washing down the fish – while men were given the supposedly more skilled positions tending machines. During the war, the CIO’s newspaper often carried pin-up photos, and the practice stuck after the war. IFAWA’s newspaper was in the habit of reprinting these photos or printing their own, but unlike the CIO News it was common to see women in photos of union meetings and the shop floor. The juxtaposition of these images in the pages of the International Fisherman and Allied Worker embodied the union’s mixed record on gender, which moved toward the valuation of women’s work and leadership but failed to fully break free of gender norms.
As the war dragged on, IFAWA continued to need intervention by government agencies to gain minimum standards. In 1943, the War Labor Board awarded a 7% pay increase to IFAWA members working for Alaska Salmon Industry companies. However, the ASI steadfastly refused to pay the mandated pay rate. The hardened stance of the ASI pushed the limits of the Board’s power, whose orders were simply ignored by the packers. The case dragged on until after the summer Alaska fishing season ended, and its resolution is unclear. The silence of IFAWA sources on the case suggests they lost. Once again, the United Fishermen’s Union found it easier to win in the Puget Sound than against the massive Alaskan industry. They successfully won back pay for tendermen and cannery workers whose wages had been frozen at 1942 levels by the Federal War Labor Board. At the same time, the UFU suffered a major loss in May 1944 when Secretary-Treasurer and longtime organizer Paul Dale died suddenly from a heart attack. Jurich stepped in to fill his position until Anton Susanj was elected to Dale’s former position. Susanj was a skilled and committed leader, but lacked the extraordinary zeal of Dale, who carried out with unflagging energy the internal management of the UFU, member organizing, contract negotiations, and endless leadership meetings from the local level to the International.
After the initial shock of the war, IFAWA regained its balance and began using the changed conditions as an opportunity to expand. A smaller workforce allowed it to boost union density and laid the foundation for post-war growth. One important example of the union’s extension is the formation of IFAWA Local 46, which represented Alaska Native cannery workers in Bristol Bay. Before the war, Alaska Natives had been systematically discriminated against in hiring. When they did manage to secure cannery jobs, they were treated and paid as second class workers. With the constriction of the available workforce, exacerbated among cannery workers because of the restrictions on work and travel by Asian-Americans, canneries hired Alaska Natives in significant numbers. A construction boom of infrastructure like roads, in the interest of defense, facilitated better Native access to the far-flung canneries dotting the coastline. Whereas in 1937 the Bristol Bay cannery workforce was comprised of 194 Alaska Natives and 4,238 non-resident workers, some wartime canneries employed mostly Natives.
The conditions faced by Alaska Native cannery workers are a stark illustration of the colonial relationship between the Territory and the absentee packing corporations that operated with little regard for the area or the welfare of its people. The non-resident cannery workers, mostly Filipinos and Asian-Americans, faced tough conditions like cramped bunkhouses and daily discrimination by white management. But their problems paled in comparison to those of the residents. The resident Native workers received lower pay when they performed the same jobs and non-residents, and often worked before and after the season, yet still received lower take-home earnings than the non-residents. This was particularly egregious because of the higher cost of living in Alaska, where manufactured goods had to be shipped from the lower 48 states. The Native workers, especially before the war, functioned as a reserve pool of labor in the case of an unusually big fish run or an inadequate number of non-resident workers. As such, they were not given company housing and lived in self-constructed shacks that one former manager compared to Hoovervilles. The isolation of the canneries meant that the only source of food and supplies were company stores. As traditional lifestyles that incorporated seasonal migration and self-subsistence eroded, Natives increasingly stayed in these small company towns. Company stores trapped them in debt cycles and guaranteed their presence during the next season as a cheap pool of reserve labor. When working in the canneries, Natives were segregated to a separate section of the cafeteria. The packers were responsible for most of these aspects, but the Alaska Fishermen’s Union and other non-resident unions were complicit in this set-up. For example, packers in Bristol Bay would hire a certain number of fishermen per cannery assembly line. The AFU long maintained contract clauses that required thirteen non-resident fishermen be hired per line before a single resident. In addition to the direct effect of shutting Native fishermen out of work on boats, it indirectly reinforced the resident community as reserve labor making cannery work the only available source of income. Discrimination in the Alaska Fishermen’s Union subsided somewhat in the IFAWA years, and they organized resident fishermen and some cannery workers. Nevertheless, branches located in the Territory complained of being ignored and sidelined by the lower 48 leadership, and in 1949 they were still barred from voting for the leaders of the AFU.
These problems faced Native cannery workers throughout Alaska, but were most pronounced in Bristol Bay, where isolation allowed an even greater degree of company control and manipulation. There, IFAWA Local 46 took root as one of the union’s most dynamic and unique sections. The Local is the strongest piece of evidence that the union was genuine in its rhetoric that opposed absentee exploitation of the Territory. As the union representing workers in the largest and most strategic industry of Alaska, IFAWA was in a prime position to challenge the exploitation of the Territory, but was hamstrung by residency issues. IFAWA long supported statehood as a tool for the Alaskan people to reclaim control of their resources, and enthusiastically supported industrialization and modernization as an alternative to absentee extraction and underdevelopment. This produced a complex relationship with Alaska Natives. IFAWA’s pro-development stance respected Native wishes to regain control of their communities and lands, but also pushed for assimilation to keep pace with modernization and staunchly opposed tribal sovereignty that might restrict where white fishermen could operate. At the same time IFAWA was first organizing Native cannery labor, it was working with the Alaska Salmon Industry to oppose overtures by the federal Department of the Interior to give Indian groups reservations and exclusive fishing rights. The union walked a thin line in opposing the measure. IFAWA argued that the measures were a form of segregation or even “glorified concentration camps,” that the industry was based on cooperation not racial exclusivity, and that the union opposed special privileges for any group of “Americans” but was wholly ready to support legal action by Natives to receive compensation for past injustice. IFAWA was a diehard opponent of fish trap use in Alaska, which continued to allow this low-labor, high-capital fixed gear to be used long after it was banned on the rest of the Pacific Coast. Perhaps more than any other issue, it tied IFAWA’s membership together. The opposition was against the large packer-owned traps that caught up to 44% of the Alaska catch, not traditional Native traps for personal use. However, a racialized rhetoric was sometimes adopted in opposing corporate traps, calling it an uncivilized and barbaric practice. Conversely, the union occasionally proposed that bans not apply to Natives who used traditional traps for subsistence. The variance of this rhetoric and the coexistence of Local 46 with exclusivist elements in the Alaska Fishermen’s Union suggest that IFAWA was deeply, if quietly, divided on the rights of indigenous peoples and Alaskan anti-colonialism.
The quick change in the composition of the Alaska cannery workforce led to a complicated fight between IFAWA, the CIO cannery workers union, the Alaska Native Brotherhood and the AFL for the ability to represent the burgeoning group. The Brotherhood was a pan-Native organization that engaged in collective bargaining as well as civil rights issues. It initially had a friendly relationship with the United Fishermen’s Union, and Native Brotherhood leader William Paul spoke at the IFAWA-led conference of Alaskan CIO unions in 1940. Both groups pursued a similar strategy that focused on fishermen instead of the relatively small number of Native and white resident cannery workers. UCAPAWA Local 7, the union of Asian-American non-resident cannery workers based in Seattle, resented the Alaska Native cannery workers in the pre-war era because they were cheap reserve labor that could undermine their bargaining power. Gender dynamics may have played into these choices as well. Fishermen and non-resident cannery workers were exclusively male groups and pre-war Native cannery workers were usually women.
Because Local 7 had exclusive rights to represent all non-resident cannery workers under a National Labor Relations Board election, and because the Alaska Fishermen’s Union, United Fishermen’s Union and IFAWA were the more popular organizations among non-resident fishermen, the AFL pursued organizing among resident cannery workers years before World War II. They met with limited success, and only represented 1,300 of 4,500 resident cannery workers in 1939. The AFL, like IFAWA, rhetorically positioned itself as the defender of Alaskan interests. However the Alaskan AFL did not have to answer to a sizeable non-resident membership pursued a more aggressive strategy summed up by its oft-used slogan ‘Alaska for Alaskans.’ Initially used to build a strong base among white residents in fishing and other industries like construction, it was later adapted to organize Native workers.
All four actors– IFAWA, various Seafarer or other AFL affiliates, the CIO cannery workers union and the Native Brotherhood - scrambled to snap up the new and unorganized group of Alaska Native cannery workers. IFAWA was at odds with the CIO cannery workers, who had undergone a name changed from UCAPAWA to the Food, Tobacco, Agricultural and Allied Workers of America (FTA). Though tensions were high, they remained committed to settling jurisdictional disputes within the CIO. The two unions had the most momentum, leading the AFL and the Native Brotherhood to form an alliance around their common enemy paint the CIO as another tool of outside interests. The National Labor Relations Board held several regional and plant-specific elections between 1945 and 1947. IFAWA won an election to represent all resident cannery workers in Bristol Bay, and the FTA gained a majority in a similar election for the Alaskan Peninsula. There was no master election for the Southeast Alaska area. It appears that the AFL and Native Brotherhood and split up the area on a company-by-company basis.
The cannery dispute was just one of many challenges accompanying the end of the war. At the December 1944 Convention, Vice-President Hecker argued that “The battle for freedom and democracy the world over will soon be won, but the battle for decent wages and working conditions the world over is just beginning, and now more than ever it becomes the responsibility of the large labor unions to see that we at least retain the gains that we have made over a period of years.” With chilling foresight, he predicted that big business was preparing to attack labor as soon as the war was over. For the time being, IFAWA scored a major victory when the War Labor Board ruled that “Fishermen - independent and company - in reality are laborers (not entrepreneurs) who furnish in a variable degree the tool of their trade… in the view of the fact that fishermen are essentially a labor force, it is recommended that for purposes of negotiations and bargaining relationships, any dispute between fishermen (company and independent) and industry shall be regarded as a labor dispute.” IFAWA also made significant progress on harmonizing contract standards between locals.
The main priority for 1945 was to make commercial fishing a priority in the creation of a post-war economy. For over three years, the American economy had been oriented toward a single goal: winning the war. As it became clear that Allied victory was inevitable, the watchword became ‘reconversion,’ the process of adjusting the economy back to a normally functioning state. Fishermen and cannery workers had chaffed under the restrictions set forward by the Office of Price Administration (OPA), which created ceilings on the prices paid to fishermen based on the 1942 season, an unusually poor one with below average prices. The union argued that the ceiling did nothing to reduce consumer costs, and existed solely as a drain on the livelihoods of fishermen. The speedy removal of the limit upon reconversion became a major demand for IFAWA. Additionally, the union saw reconversion as an opportunity to end the inequities of the past, when commercial fishing occupied a marginal position in US food production. Even before peace was settled with Japan, Jurich travelled to Washington, D.C. to lobby for greater government attention to the industry. The argument presented to lawmakers and the public was two-fold. First, fishing had been essential to winning the war, and fishermen had greatly sacrificed to maximize production. Second, fishing deserved to be subsidized the same as agricultural food production. The union’s argument gained the support of the House Subcommittee on Fisheries, but no action was ever finalized.
Despite these setbacks, in November 1945 President Truman issued a proclamation and strategic plan for the American fishing industry. It lavished praise on the workers of the industry and met several of their demands on regulation and the ability to fish in international waters, but neglected to address the role of the industry in reconversion. Additionally, a rare victory was achieved when IFAWA worked with progressive Seattle congressman Hugh DeLacey to force the Office of Price Administration to abandon its price ceiling for Alaska. IFAWA remained hopeful that it could score other victories, especially, with the end of the no-strike pledge, and decided to re-open all contracts in 1946 to “straighten out [the] many inequalities and injustices which have existed in our Agreements.” However, the end of the war also meant that sizeable government and Army purchases of fish declined rapidly. IFAWA asked that this de facto subsidy be maintained at wartime levels and redirected for use as foreign aid in reconstruction efforts. In another example of the fusion of practical and leftist concerns, IFAWA joined other waterfront unions in advocating for normalized trade relations with communist China to create new economic opportunities.
In 1946, the union redoubled its efforts to carve out space for fishing in the American economy. A Convention opened the year with a focus on ‘streamlining’ and ‘modernizing’ the industry. The approach mixed boosterism, including joint advertising campaigns with the packers to educate the public about the health benefits of seafood, with redistributive demands for a greater share of profits. The union believed the packers were more interested in short-term profits than long-term success, and argued that the companies intentionally kept commercial fishing and canning marginal to the overall American economy. A member of the International Executive Board argued that the packers planned “on taking care of everything by cutting down on production and lowering wages. Solving some of these problems will make for progress in the industry. I reiterate, IFAWA should take the lead.” This rhetoric portrayed workers as the more responsible part of the sector, interested in the common good and the improvement of all workers and consumers. A detailed plan was created to expand the use new technology like radar, refrigeration and freezing, and to reduce waste in processing by utilizing non-food byproducts.
In this way, technological upgrades and modernization were linked with the betterment of life and work in fishing. The union declared that “The time is here to put up or shut up in the fight for a modern industry and a square deal for producers and shoreworkers.” The statement continued in ever more dramatic terms, “This union has an historic mission virtually unparalleled in the labor movement; the job of helping to modernize an industry. Nor is this merely a crusade; we either modernize and expand production or our fishing fleet is doomed to bankruptcy.” IFAWA was frank about the challenges of the post-war fishing industry, and explained that “Hard economic facts compel this convention to dedicate itself to fighting for an industry that will ‘make every day fish day’ for producer, shore worker, operator and consumer.” Out of this approach grew a peculiar alliance with Nick Bez, colorful vessel owner, Croatian immigrant and millionaire. He was a consummate industrialist with investments in mining, airlines and canneries, but Bez also had liberal sympathies and served alongside Jurich on the Free Yugoslavia solidarity committee. Bez pioneered the use of massive ships that froze and processed fish onboard. This allowed for longer offshore trips that became necessary with the ecological depletion of the West Coast fishery. One of his first boats, the Pacific Explorer, plied the waters off Costa Rica using a union crew. The venture ignited a firestorm of criticism over potential violations of international law and ecological destruction. Jurich leapt to the defense of Bez, testifying before Congress on the virtues of the project.
The Pacific Explorer highlighted the complex relationship between IFAWA and conservation. The union tried to balance the immediate material needs of its members with long-term sustainability that would guarantee jobs in the future. They had no interest in ecological diversity for its own sake, and often advocated for the wholesale elimination of predators like sea lions. An IFAWA affiliate once asked the Army to bomb seals out of existence near the entrance to the Copper River. Nevertheless, the union was a constant supporter of greater scientific research to protect fish stocks. In 1947, it decried studies of salmon that examined each part of the life cycle in isolation, and the general “horse and buggy” style of conservation research. They made the common sense assertion that “studies should guide the development of fisheries, not follow in the wake of exploitation.” Given the massive underfunding of government research, IFAWA was often justified in questioning arbitrary regulatory restrictions imposed without adequate data collection or consultation with the fishermen who knew the catch best. However, pure self-interest was at play in most of these disputes.
IFAWA targeted its conservation efforts at outside factors that might damage fish runs. It strongly opposed pulp mills, industrial pollution, agricultural land reclamation that destroyed streams, and the massive dams that were constructed in Northwest during the 1930s and 1940s. The unofficial artistic voice of the CIO, Woody Guthrie, may have lauded the Northwest dams, but IFAWA remained firmly opposed. Initially, union outright opposed dams, but it became clear that the union lacked the leverage needed to stop the projects. By the 1940s they shifted toward a strategy of negotiating compensation in the form of fish ladders, hatcheries and other restorative measures.
Any semblance of support for the regulation of catch size was abandoned amidst the union’s ‘win-the-war’ program of ‘all-out production,’ but this also came at a time when crews and canneries were chronically understaffed, creating informal catch limits. When the war ended, the focus on modernization meant evermore efficient methods put greater stress on fish stocks. Some methods like trawling created a large ‘bycatch’ of unintentionally captured marine wildlife that was discarded. However, the union placed a good deal of focus on the elimination of wasteful methods and advocated that the bycatch be used in whatever commercial way possible. IFAWA expressed concern about the increasing number of boats in the post-war period, though concern arose mostly from the fear that more fishermen meant lower earnings. By then, the writing was on the wall for the West Coast fishing industry. Overfishing had long been evident and fish stocks would begin to rapidly worsen in the mid-1950s. In 1948, sardines became the first West Coast fishery to fully collapse. Though it is now believed that the collapse was cyclical, it failed to spur the union to change its conservation approach.
Meanwhile, the diligent approach toward organizing during the war paid off after 1945. Membership recovered to over 20,000 and the union proved itself an attractive option for fishermen who wanted to organize. For example, 300 Puget Sound crab fishermen organized independently but were unable to convince their employers to bargain, so they joined United Fishermen’s Union (UFU) to gain the necessary leverage to be recognized. Additionally, the UFU conducted a major cannery worker drive in 1945 that added 450 members. Since its California wing had collapsed in the early 1940s, the United Fishermen’s Union of the Pacific was in reality a Washington State organization with a few members that worked as non-residents in Alaska. In 1946, it changed its name to IFAWA Pacific District Local 3, hoping to bolster unity and identification with the International. In practical terms, this had little effect. Locals became known as units, but they functioned exactly as before. Susanj continued as Secretary-Treasurer and Reduction Worker representative Robert Alvestad took over from Oscar Rodin as President.
The UFU’s new name reflected a general sense of post-war optimism. ‘Pacific District’ implied that there could soon be districts for the Atlantic, Gulf and Great Lakes. There was some initial progress on this front when around 175 Lake Erie fishermen who belonged to the International Longshoremen’s Association, the more conservative counterpart to the ILWU, defected and joined IFAWA. Forming IFAWA Local 63, they launched a hard-fought strike just months after joining and stayed out for 235 days. In the Gulf Coast, the CIO’s National Maritime Union facilitated a meeting that drew 125 fishermen and established a new IFAWA local.Additionally, Jeff Kibre travelled the Gulf Coast and South Atlantic to court several federations of fishermen’s organizations, which had a combined membership of 10,000. Though halting, these were important steps that accompanied significant expansion among West Coast shoreworkers and Alaskan fishermen. Seven new locals of IFAWA were chartered in 1946, including two in Alaska, and the Alaska Trollers doubled their membership.
The lifting of the no-strike pledge unleashed a wave of militancy in IFAWA and across the nation. One of the most important actions by shoreworkers was a joint strike of IFAWA Local 46, representing Alaska Native cannery workers in Bristol Bay, and Local 7 of the Food, Tobacco Agricultural and Allied Workers, which represented the mostly Filipino cannery workers who shipped out of Seattle, Portland and San Francisco. The strike began on April 20th, shortly before the date when Local 7 members would normally begin to ship out. In addition to the work stoppage, pickets in Puget Sound and Alaska prevented the shipment or unloading of cannery equipment. The impact of this blockade was compounded by an 18-day longshore strike in Alaska that ended April 22nd. The partnership of Local 46 and Local 7 proved extremely valuable when the two devised a plan to allow some shipments of food to Alaska on April 25th, staving off a food shortage. The strike was lifted April 27th with a 10% wage increase and an extra $25-50 in standby pay during times of inactivity for Local 7 members. Residents in IFAWA Local 46 achieved an hourly minimum of $1.06, up from 96 cents, and an increase of $50-$90 in guaranteed earnings for the season. The show of strength allowed Local 46 to keep negotiating throughout the season, and by July it negotiated additional gains that increased the pay of the lowest classification to $1.10 an hour, with top classified cannery workers earning $1.35. They also achieved a closed shop, an eight hour day, and company recognition of shop stewards. In a very rare victory, unequal pay was eliminated for women. The contract barred the packers from paying women ‘Class B’ wages when they performed work consistent with ‘Class A’ male workers. This is the only IFAWA contract examined by this study in which discrimination in pay and classification is directly prohibited. The campaign was also a remarkable example of CIO civil rights unionism and working class unity between two disparate groups – Alaska Natives and Filipino migrants – who shared common experiences with American empire and exploitation by capital. The specifics of their encounters with global imperialism were different, but the underlying commonality of their two experiences is strong. Within the CIO, the two groups had found a home and, more importantly, the tools and support network needed to fight back against the grueling conditions of the canneries. Together, they challenged companies that presumed to run Alaska by fiat and tried to use race to divide and conquer their workforce.
Above the local level, the strike was important because it allowed IFAWA and the FTA to set aside growing tensions and work together. The contentious debate over the representation of resident Alaska cannery workers opened up longstanding jurisdictional gray areas in the CIO. To iron out the issue, the leadership of IFAWA and the Food, Tobacco, Agricultural and Allied Workers (FTA) formulated a merger proposal and brought it the fishermen’s 1946 Convention. The idea failed to gain traction. Convention delegates complained that the proposal was a quick-fix which was not motivated by fraternal feelings of unity. Accusations flew that the FTA and its predecessor, UCAPAWA, had ignored resident cannery workers for several years, even though the same could be said of IFAWA. Proponents argued that a merger would give IFAWA a better foothold in the Gulf of Mexico and East Coast, and that a single union could rebuff the alliance the between the Alaska Native Brotherhood and the AFL. Ultimately, the idea was tabled and no action was taken.
While the two unions were winning in Alaska, they were facing problems in California. The FTA lost a major battle with the Teamsters over fruit and vegetable canneries, and Southern California continued to be the weak point of IFAWA. The same was not true in the other part of the state. In 1944, IFAWA signed the Northern California Fish Stabilization Agreement, its first master price agreement. It covered prices for all fish sold fresh instead of being canned. IFAWA Local 36, the consolidated representative for all Southern California fresh market fishermen, tried to follow this lead and proposed a Southern California Market Fishermen’s Master Agreement in spring 1946. Thirteen dealers – the term for fresh market companies – refused to negotiate and 1,100 members of Local 36 struck in response. As with many IFAWA tie-ups, a portion of the membership continued to fish for less antagonistic employers. After two weeks, Local 36 and the obstinate dealers came to a compromise in which a minimum price would be established and negotiations would take place daily concerning payment above the minimum. The compromise included a promise from the dealers to negotiate a master agreement for Southern California if the Northern California agreement was legally certified. However, the dealers and the government filed an anti-trust case against Local 36, some of whom were boat owners. They argued that their strike did not constitute a dispute under labor law and was an unlawful attempt to induce negotiations. The anti-trust case came in the form of criminal charges brought by the Department of Justice via grand jury against the officers of Local 36 and International Secretary-Treasurer Jeff Kibre. It was a dangerous alteration of the old anti-trust strategy. Previous anti-trust suits had been civil injunctions against organizations that barred them from bargaining, and allowed groups like the Pacific Coast Fishermen’s Union to reorganize under a new name. The new anti-trust strategy criminalized unionism and made officers vulnerable to punishment and jail time. The reverberations of the lawsuit worsened a difficult situation for the rest of IFAWA, which was only beginning to see the end of Office of Price Administration restrictions in fall 1946. A small victory was achieved when the Assistant Attorney General refused to bring criminal charges against the Alaska Fishermen’s Union as requested by the Alaska Salmon Industry. This joined other successes like the 1946 cannery workers strike and the expansion of membership, which helped to balance the frustrations in making commercial fishing a central part of the post-war economy. These strengths and weaknesses were about to be put to the test as post-war labor relations became a battleground in 1947.
Resolution 34, Proceedings of the Convention of the United Fishermen’s Union of the Pacific Puget Sound District, Monday December 2nd, through Wednesday, December 4th, 1940, Seattle, Washington. CIO. box 4, folder 38
Executive Board SPSU October 16, 1937. box 5, folder 10First Annual Convention Federated Fishermen’s Council of the Pac Coast. Astoria, December 13-18 1937. box 12, folder 21. Page 32, 41.
Third Convention, December 1-5, 194, box 12, folder 2, page 13
IFAWA Views the News, February 10, 1942, box 11, folder 15.
Chiang, Shaping the Shoreline, 105-8.
Local 3 Executive Board, May 10, 1947. box 12, folder 8, page 2.
“In the Net,” IFAWA Views the News. January 23, 1942, box 11, folder 15; IFAWA Views the News. February 27 1942, box 11, folder 15.
4th Convention, December 1-4 1942, Seattle. box 12, folder 2, page 10.
“Fishermen Free For Other Jobs.” Washington State CIO News, November 1942.
United Fishermen’s Union- Puget Sound, Executive Council, April 4, 1942, box 3, folder 2.
Fourth Convention, December 1-4 1942, box 12, folder 2, page 18.
IFAWA Views the News, March 27, 1942, box 11, folder 15
“Coordination is Needed to Protect Fishing Industry,” IFAWA Views the News, February 27, 1942. box 11, folder 15.
Letter to IFAWA RE: deferment status of experienced fishermen, 1942, Lummi Island Heritage, <http://content.statelib.wa.gov/cdm/compoundobject/collection/lummi/id/876/show/874/rec/8>
“Fishermen Free For Other Jobs.” Washington State CIO News, October 1942, 1.
“Fishermen’s News” Washington State CIO News, December 1943.
IFAWA Views the News. February 10, 1942
IFAWA Views the News . March 13, 1942.
Fifth Convention, December 6-9, 1943, box 12, folder 2. Page 22
United Fishermen’s Union Executive Council May 1, 1943. box 5, folder 1
Ibid., November 13, 1943. box 5, folder 1
IFAWA Views the News, November 1, 1941, box 11, folder 15
IFAW, September 1945, 4.
Resolution Supporting Yugoslav Peoples Liberation Armies, box 6, folder 1
“Pedro Raises Jugo-Slav Fund” IFAW, August 1944, 8
“Free Yugoslavia Group Elects Jurich to Office” IFAW, February 1945, 19.
“Ivankovich is Reelected” March 1946, IFAW.
“Fishermen Helped To Liberate Jugoslavia,” IFAW, June 1945, 3.
“Yugoslavia Cleared of False Charges by UNRRA IFAW, September 1946.
“Paul Dale Veteran Leader of UFU Dies” IFAW, June 1944, 5.
House Committee on Un-American Activities, “Investigation of Communist activities in the Los Angeles Area” 83rd Congress; House Committee on Un-American Activities, Communist infiltration of Hollywood motion-picture industry : hearing before the Committee on Un-American activities, 82nd Congress; Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act, “The Alliance of Certain Racketeer and Communist Dominated Unions in the Field of Transportation as a Threat to National Security,” 1958.
House Committee on Un-American Activities, “Report on Civil Rights Congress as a Communist Front Organization,” 80th Congress, 15. House Committee on Un-American Activities, “Report on the American Slav Congress and Associated Organizations,” June 26, 1949, 89.
Third Convention, December 1-5, 1941, box 12, folder 2.
IFAWA Executive Board July 17-19, 1947, box 12, folder 4, page 1; Preliminary Report on CIO Trial of IFAWA, Paul Pinsky. box 11, unfoldered; House Committee on Un-American Activities “Communist Legal Subversion : The Role of the Communist Lawyer : Report,” February 16, 1959, 28; Sydney Roger, Jessica Mitford and Julie Shearer, A Liberal Journalist On the Air and On the Waterfront: Labor and Political Issues, 1932-1990 (Berekely: Bancroft Library, 1990 (New York: Knopf, 2005) 296-7; Kai Bird and Martin Sherwin, American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer (New York: Knopf, 2005), 336-7.
Report of the Secretary-Treasurer to the Local 3 Executive Board, March 15, 1947, box 12, folder 8; “Another Anti-Trust Suit – By Disgruntled Former Member.” IFAW, November 1947, 8; “Shipman Fails to Appear at Meeting of Eureka Local” IFAW, January 1948, page 21.
“Soviet Fishermen’s Union Controls Vast Industry,” IFAW, May 1946, 14.; 4th Convention, December 1-4 1942, Seattle. box 12, folder 2, 15
United Fishermen’s Union of the Pacific, Northwest Conference, box 5, folder 1, page 5; First Annual Convention of the United Fishermen’s Union, December 5-9, 1938, box 4, folder 38, page 17; Second Annual FFC Convention, San Francisco December 12-19 1938. box 12, folder 22. Page 18;Lottie Edelman, discussed later, is another important exception: March 1948, IFAW, 8; CRFPU Business Agent Florence Plumb:“Notes from the Umpqua,” IFAW, February 194616; Ruth Weijola of the CRFPU: Proceedings, Second Convention, December 9-13, 1940, box 12, folder 2, page 33; Rosalie Norton, Secretary of IFAWA Local 35: IFAW, June 1946, 6.
Fifth Convention, December 6-9 1943, box 12, folder 2, page 32.
Fourth Convention, December 1-4 1942, box 12, folder 2, page 36.
Puget Sound Salmon Cannery Workers Agreement, box 7, folder 3. This document shows some of the complexity of unequal pay—men and women with the same job classifications had different pay, but also different duties. This was used to justify the pay regime. Some agreements like this one guaranteed “male” pay for women workers if they performed the duties of the “male” classification.; “Costs of Production and Distribution of the Fish on Pacific Coast,” Federal Trade Commission, 13; 68; Agreement 1948 Grays Harbor Shoreworkers, box 7, folder 3.
Muszynski, Cheap Wage Labour, 215; 8.
Local 3 Executive Board, September 24, 1949, box 12, folder 10; Northwest Cannery Workers Conference December 7, 1946, box 7, folder 3; IFAW, May 1948, 5; NW IFAWA Council, March 26, 1949, box 11, folder 16
Muszynski Cheap Wage Labour, 12.
Report to all locals, April 25 1944. Involvement of War Labor Board in Alaska Salmon Industry Inc negotiations. box 1, folder 6; UFU Executive Council, April 8, 1944, box 6, folder 1; Ibid., May 6, 1944, box 6, folder 1.
IFAWA Executive Board September 29-30, 1944, box 5, folder 12.
“Sound Workers Win Pay Award” IFAW, February 1944.
“Paul Dale Veteran Leader of UFU Dies” IFAW, June 1944, 5.
See, for e.g. Dale’s last UFU meeting before his death: UFU Executive Council Minutes May 6, 1944. box 6, folder 1; February 23, 1944 communication to all locals, Paul Dale, box 1, folder 6; Second Annual Federated Fishermen’s Council Convention, December 12-19, 1938. box 12, folder 22, page 39
Friday, “Competing Communities at Work,” 314
Fourth Convention, December 1-4 1942, box 12, folder 2, page 33; VanStone, Eskimos of the Nushagak River, 80.
Ibid., 79
It is necessary at times to read between the lines, given his position in management, but Jonathan Hughes presents an important overview of the conditions facing Alaska Native residents in: “The Great Strike at Nushagak Station, 1951: Institutional Gridlock,” The Journal of Economic History, 42, No. 1 (1982); Karen Hébert, “Wild Dreams,”177-92; “Far North Unionists Plan 1950 Wage Boost Campaign” IFAW, December 1949, 9.
Cooley, Politics and Conservation, 148.
Local 3 Executive Board, January 31, 1948, box 12, page 8; IFAWA Convention 1949, Labor Union Constitutions and Proceedings, 61-65.
Proceedings IFAWA convention December 6, 1944. Aberdeen. box 11, folder 17
Eighth Convention IFAWA, January 24, 1946, box 11, folder 25, page 5
“Secretary Ickes Plunks Indians on Reservations,” IFAW, August 1945, 3.
United Fishermen’s Union Executive Council Minutes November 11, 1944,box 6, folder 1; November 15, 1944 letter from Oscar Rodin, attached to: United Fishermen’s Union Executive Council, December 2, 1944, box 6, folder 1.
Montes, Alaska Fishermen
Resolution # 11. First Convention United Fishermen’s Union, December 5-9, 1938, box 4, folder 38; Resolution #2 ISU Fishermen’s Unions Convention, December 7 1936, box 1, folder 7.
Salmon Purse Seiner’s Union Executive Board, November 14, 1937, box 5, folder 15.
Fifth Convention, December 6-9 1943. box 12, folder 2. Page 73
All-Alaska Labor Convention, box 5, folder 1, page 8.
Friday, “Competing Communities at Work,” 311
First Convention Federated Fishermen’s Council, December 13-18 1937, box 12, folder 21. Page 16; Fifth Annual Convention, Pacific Coast Fishermen’s Union, January 5-15, 1938, box 4, folder 38, page 24.
IFAWA Executive Board, February 10, 1945, box 12, folder 7, Page 3; United Fishermen’s Union Conference, February 11, 1945, box 5, folder 3; Report of the Officers to the Seventh Annual Convention, 1945, box 11, unfoldered, page 5; “Off the Hook” and “Officer’s Report,” IFAW, February 1945
.Special Section Regarding Jurisdictional Dispute Between IFAWA and FTA, Eighth Convention IFAWA, January 24, 1946, box 11, folder 25, page 3.
“Fish Workers to Vote on Unions,” Seattle Times; April 11, 1945, 11; “Cannery Union Vote Announced” Seattle Times, October 22, 1945, 10; For a slightly different interpretation of the ANB and AFL, see: Arnold, The Fishermen’s Frontier, 149-50.
IFAWA Convention, December 6, 1944, box 11, folder 17.
“Salmon Packers Must Sign Contracts” March 1945, IFAW, 5; Montes, Alaska Fishermen Laws, 68-69.
United Fishermen’s Union Executive Council, April 7, 1945, box 5, folder 3; United Fishermen’s Union Executive Council, September 29, 1945, box 5, folder 3.
United Fishermen’s Union – Puget Sound, Executive Council, May 1, 1943, box 5, folder 1; July 31, 1943. box 5, folder 1; IFAWA Executive Board September 29-30, 1944, box 5, folder 12; “Regional Meetings Plan Stabilization,” IFAW, February 1944, 6.
IFAWA Executive Board, October 11-13, 15, 1945, box 12, folder 7
July 1945, IFAW; United Fishermen’s Union Executive Conference, February 11, 1945, box 5, folder 3, page 5; “We Must Plan Now For Postwar Period,” IFAW, February 1945.
“What Follows Fishery Proclamation,” IFAW, November 1945.
“IFAWA Blocks Alaska Salmon Price Cut,” IFAW, August 1945, 1.
United Fishermen’s Union of the Pacific, Conference December. 20 & 21 1945. box 4, folder 37
Seattle United Fishermen’s Union Local 4, January 9, 1946, box 1, folder 5; “News From International Office,” IFAW, June 1946, 20; “A Million Jobs Hinge on Trading With New China,” IFAW, February 1950, 13.
“Steps Toward Modernizing Our Industry,” IFAW, March 1946, page 1; Report of the Officers, Seventh IFAWA Convention, 1945, box 11, unfoldered, page 3; “IFAWA Plans Overall Industry Program” IFAW, December 1945, page 1
Report of Officers, 8th Annual IFAWA Convention January 21-24 1947. box 11, folder 17; Tell Your Friends, Mrs. Fisherman,” IFAW, September 1946, 11; Booklet, Fishermen’s Fiesta, October 6, 1946, box 11, folder 17
“Free Yugoslavia Group Elects Jurich to Office” IFAW, February 1945; On leftist sympathies see: “Washington Scene: Gen Vaughn and the Salmon Man.” Milwaukee Sentinel, October 25, 1951, 10; “Nick Bez,” Harbor History Museum, <http://harborhistorymuseum.blogspot.com/2012/06/nick-bez-nikola-bezmalinovic.html>
“The Case of the Pacific Explorer,” IFAW, May 1947, 3
United Fishermen’s Union Executive Council Minutes January 8, 1944. box 6, folder 1, page 4; Resolution #31 First Convention United Fishermen’s Union, December 5-9, 1938, box 4, folder 38.
“University of Washington Research Agreement,” box 14, folder 43
Report of Officers, 8th Annual IFAWA Convention, January 21-24, 1947,box 11, folder 17
Jeff Brady, “Woody Guthrie's Fertile Month on the Columbia River,” NPR, July 13, 2007 <http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=11918998>
Resolution #11, ISU Fishermen’s Unions Convention, December 7, 1936., box 1, folder 7; Resolution #29 United Fishermen’s Union - Puget Sound, Convention, December 2-4, 1940, Seattle, Washington. CIO. box 4, folder 38.
Salmon Conservation in the State of Washington, Yearbook, Second Convention IFAWA, box 12, folder 2, pages 14-15; Second IFAWA Convention, December 9-13, 1940, box 12, folder 2, page 44; Third IFAWA Convention, December 1-5, 1941, box 12, folder 2, page 64; Resolutions #3, 4, 6,7, 8 & 12, Eight IFAWA Convention, January 21-24, 1947, box 11, folder 19; Northwest IFAWA Council, March 26, 1949; “We Can Have Power and Salmon – With Proper Planning,” IFAW, January 1948, 9.
Report of Officers, Eighth IFAWA Convention, box 11, folder 17; IFAWA Views the News, March 27, 1942, box 11, folder 15.
“What Happened to Our Sardines Last Season?” IFAW, April 1946; Ninth Convention IFAWA, January 20-23, 1948, box 11, folder 24, page 19; IFAWA Executive Board August 26, 1948. box 12, folder 6
November 9, 1946, box 12, folder 11; First Conference Pacific District Local No. 3, December 20, 1946, box 12, folder 11, page 21.
United Fishermen’s Union report, booklet, in: Eighth Convention IFAWA, box 11, folder 25, page 44.
Resolution No. 1, Authorizing the Transfer of the Property and Funds, box 12, folder 11.
IFAWA, Pacific District Local 3 Executive Board April 6, 1946. box 12, folder 11;“Robt. Alvestad is Elected” IFAW, April 1946.
“Lake Eire Fishermen Join New IFAWA Local,” IFAW, August 1946.
“Local 63 Strike On Lake Erie,” IFAW, November 1946, 24; “First Victory Won in Great Lakes Strikes,” IFAW, June 1946, 17.The long-term existence or success of this local is unclear.
“Gulf Coast Organizing,” IFAW, May 1946, 17
“Survey of Gulf and So. Atlantic Fisheries,” IFAW, June 1946, 1
Eighth Convention IFFAWA January 24, 1946. box 11, folder 25, page 21
“IFAWA Is Growing,” IFAW, January 1947, 3.
“Food Shortage Alarms Alaska,” Spokane Daily Chronicle, April 22, 1946, 9.
“US Faced With New Shutdowns,” Painesville Telegraph, April 25, 1946, 1.
“Alaska Canner Victory by CIO,” IFAW, May 1946, 18. On the strike, see also: “Alaskan Territorial Governor Ernest Henry Gruening telegram regarding the demands of cannery workers during a strike in Alaska, April 20, 1946,” Cannery Workers & Farm Laborers Union Local 7. Accession No. 3927-001. box 23/40, University of Washington Special Collections. http://content.lib.washington.edu/u?/pioneerlife,10650; “Alaska Sailings On; Strike Ends,” Seattle Times, May 1, 1946, 15.
“Bristol Bay Residents Get More Cannery Pay,” IFAW, July 1946, 6.
IFAWA Executive Board February 10, 1945, box 12, folder 7,vpage 3; United Fishermen’s Union Conference February 11, 1945, box 5, folder 3, page 2
Special Report Regarding Jurisdictional Dispute Between IFAWA and FTA, Eighth Convention IFAWA, January 24, 1946, box 11, folder 25, pages 1-5 (day 1);
United Fishermen’s Union Executive Board, February 9, 1946, box 12, folder 11.
ASI negotiations were jointly conducted, but each union signed a separate agreement and prices and standards usually varied
Pinsky, Fisheries of California, 96-106.
“So. California Strike Wins Minimum Prices,” IFAW, July 1946,
“California CIO Council is Accused,” Seattle Times, August 8, 1946, 1.
“IFAWA Fights Anti-Union Moves by Justice Dept.,” IFAW, August 1946, 25.
Pinsky, Fisheries of California, “CIO Resolution”, Unnumbered first page.
Local 3 Executive Board, October 2, 1946, box 12, folder 11.
“California Says ‘Do’ Anti-Trust Says ‘Don’t’ IFAW, January 1946, 33. | <urn:uuid:124b24a9-fd9c-40c4-9cad-58320a2afaef> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://depts.washington.edu/dock/IFAWA_pt4.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00209-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958919 | 13,680 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Ladies and Gentlemen, the Commemoration will begin in five minutes. Please take your seats. As a reminder, today’s ceremony is an outdoor event and all covered personnel not in formation will render appropriate salutes. At this time please turn off all cell phones, Blackberries and electronic devices.
Will the guests please be seated.
As a reminder, military members should salute on the first note of the national anthem and order arms on the last note of music. Our civilian guests should place their right arm over their heart during the national anthem. Guests are asked to ensure that cell phones and other electronic devices are silenced for the duration of the ceremony.
Good morning Ladies and Gentlemen. It is my pleasure to welcome you to the [INSERT LOCATION] celebration commemorating the Battle of Midway. Would the guests please rise for the arrival of the official party.
[INSERT LOCATION], Attention.
Official Party arrives. (CO, XO, CMC, SEL, Honored Veterans, and Guest Speaker)
On the dais this morning we are fortunate to have
[INSERT NAMES], Commanding Officer, etc…
Good morning Ladies and Gentlemen, Welcome to [INSERT LOCATION]’s Commemoration of the [INSERT ANNIVERSARY NUMBER] Anniversary of the World War Two Battle of Midway.
Welcome to the [INSERT NAMES], distinguished guests, shipmates, friends, family and all of you gathered here this morning to remember America’s fallen sailors and marines of this historic battle.
[Multi-service Color Guard marches into Place]
Ladies and Gentlemen, please be seated. [INSERT LOCATION], Parade Rest. (MC Reads: Ceremony Intro)
Ladies and Gentlemen, please rise and remain standing for the National Anthem and Invocation.
Parade the colors.
MC commands “Parade the Colors” The Color Guard marches down the center, reverses and stops at the center.
The National Anthem begins
MC The Invocation will be delivered by Chaplain [INSERT NAME]
Chaplain proceeds to lectern, provides invocation & returns to his seat. Once Chaplain has completed the invocation, the MC commands “Retire the Colors.”
MC “Retire the Colors”
The “Trio to the National Emblem March” begins playing
The Color Guard marches down the center and exits from the parade ground.
- IN THE NAVY WE HAVE TWO TRADITIONS THAT WE HOLD TO ANNUALLY. IN OCTOBER, WE OBSERVE THE NAVY’S BIRTHDAY TO CELEBRATE ITS ESTABLISHMENT BY THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS IN 1775, AND THEN, IN JUNE, WE PAUSE TO ACKNOWLEDGE A MOMENT IN MODERN HISTORY WHERE OUR ANCESTORS PROVED TO THE NATION THAT ITS FAITH AND TRUST IN OUR NAVY IS WORTHWHILE.
- AT [INSERT LOCATION], THIS ANNUAL EVENT RESTS A LITTLE CLOSER TO OUR HEARTS, BECAUSE WE CAN SEE BEHIND THE CURTAIN, SO TO SPEAK, AND INTO THE HISTORY THAT IS NOT OFTEN GLORIFIED, OR UNDERSTOOD, BY MOST - YET IT IS EXTREMELY SIGNIFICANT TO OUR NAVY’S SUCCESSES AT MIDWAY.
- THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY IS OFTEN REFERRED TO AS THE TURNING POINT IN THE PACIFIC DURING WORLD WAR TWO, WHERE THE CAMPAIGN IN THE PACIFIC HAD A MOMENTUM SHIFT, AND OUR NAVY’S DEFENSIVE POSTURE BECAME AN INSURMOUNTABLE OFFENSIVE POSTURE.
- WE AT [INSERT LOCATION] ALSO KNOW THAT NOT ONLY WAS HISTORY MADE AT THIS SMALL ISLAND, BUT MODERN NAVAL WARFARE ITSELF WAS CHANGED, AND THAT THE STRATEGY BEHIND VICTORY AT MIDWAY WAS SOMETHING “MORE.”
- WE AT [INSERT LOCATION] RECOGNIZE THAT, WHILE MIDWAY WAS THE TURNING POINT IN THE PACIFIC, IT WAS ALSO A PIVOTAL POINT FOR INFORMATION WARFARE.
- FOR CRYPTOLOGIC SAILORS, MIDWAY IS ALSO SEEN AS A MOMENT IN HISTORY WHERE, AGAIN, THE NAVY PROVED ITSELF TO BE BOTH ADAPTIVE AND CUTTING-EDGE IN HOW IT USES SAILORS’ TECHNICAL SKILLS AND THEN APPLIES THEM TO THE CHALLENGES FACING OUR NATION AND THE NAVY.
- TO ACHIEVE VICTORY AT MIDWAY, OUR CRYPTOLOGIC ANCESTORS DEMONSTRATED THAT THEY WERE WILLING TO BE BOTH PERSISTENT AND CREATIVE WHEN CONFRONTED WITH A CHALLENGE.
- TODAY, AS WE GATHER AND COMMEMORATE THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE BATTTLE OF MIDWAY AND THOSE WHO SERVED IN IT, WE ALSO CELEBRATE THE BATTLE’S EVOLVING LEGACY.
- TODAY, WE HONOR THE VETERANS OF MIDWAY, AND WE ALSO HONOR THE SIGNIFICANCE THAT MIDWAY PLAYS AS A PART OF OUR NAVY’S HISTORY;
- TODAY, WE CONSIDER THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY’S LEGACY, WHICH WAS ESTABLISHED THE WEEK OF JUNE 4-7 IN 1942, WHEN WARFIGHTERS IN THE PACIFIC ENGAGED IN BATTLE AFTER HAVING PREPARED THE BATTLESPACE USING THE MOST TIMELY INTELLIGENCE; CALCULATED THE ODDS GIVEN THE ENEMY’S ORDER OF BATTLE; AND THEN CONFIDENTLY MOVED INTO THE FOLD, AFTER HAVING CHOSEN THE TERMS OF ENGAGEMENT.
- TODAY, IN CONSIDERING MIDWAY’S LEGACY, WE CONSIDER MIDWAY’S NAMESAKE, WHICH WAS COMMISSIONED ONLY THREE YEARS AFTER THE BATTLE ITSELF, ON SEPTEMBER 10, 1945.
- THE USS MIDWAY SERVED AS A HOME FOR MULTIPLE CREWS THROUGH BOTH PEACE AND COMBAT OPERATIONS, HAVING SERVED IN BOTH VIETNAM AND THE 1991 PERSIAN GULF WAR.
- IT WAS ONLY RECENTLY, IN 1992, AFTER NEARLY 50 YEARS OF STEAMING AND HAVING BEEN A HOME FOR NEARLY THREE GENERATIONS OF SAILORS, THAT SHE WAS DECOMMISSIONED.
- MIDWAY’S LEGACY CARRIES FURTHER YET, AS WITH US TODAY, AMONGST THE PEOPLE GATHERED HERE WE HAVE:
- VETERANS WHO SERVED AT MIDWAY;
- WE HAVE IMMEDIATE FAMILY MEMBERS OF PEOPLE WHO SERVED AT MIDWAY;
- WE HAVE WITH US CREW MEMBERS WHO SERVED ON THE USS MIDWAY;
- AND WITH US TODAY, AS WE COMMEMORATE THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY, WE HAVE THE NEXT GENERATION OF SAILORS, SOLDIERS, AIRMAN, MARINES, COAST GUARDSMAN, CIVILIANS, AND FAMILY MEMBERS WHO CAN NOW CLEARY SEE BEFORE THEM JUST HOW A NAVAL LEGACY EVOLVES FROM BEING A PIVOTAL MOMENT IN HISTORY, TO BEING THE INSPIRING NAMESAKE OF A WARSHIP THAT DEPLOYS TO DEFEND FREEDOM AND DEMOCRACY AROUND THE WORLD AND TO BECOMING A STAPLE IN THE NAVY’S CALENDAR, WHERE HISTORY IS MARKED, AND NAVAL HERITAGE IS REAFFIRMED FOR GENERATIONS.
- HERE AND NOW, WE ALL CAN SEE THE IMPORTANCE OF WHY THIS HERITAGE IS DELIBERATELY PASSED INTO THE HANDS OF THE NEXT GENERATION, WHO NOW TRAIN FOR WAR, AND MUST BE INSPIRED TO FIND NEW WAYS OF MEETING CHALLENGES, OF ENGAGING A COMPLEX MISSION, WHICH MAY NECESSITATE THEIR PARTICIPATING IN EITHER COMBAT OR HUMANITARIAN OPERATIONS, EITHER DIRECTLY, INDIRECTLY, OR IN A CRITICALLY ENABLING CAPACITY.
- AS WE COMMEMORATE MIDWAY, WE CONSIDER ITS LEGACY AND ITS CONTINUING ABILITY TO INSPIRE US, AND WE WONDER IF, MAYBE ONE DAY, WE, OURSELVES, WILL SERVE AT A MOMENT OR PLACE LIKE MIDWAY.
- AND WILL WE SERVE WELL ENOUGH TO ADVANCE MILITARY HISTORY OR LEAVE A HISTORICAL MARKER THAT IS EMBODIED ON THE HULL OF A PROUD NAVAL SHIP;
- WE ALL SHOULD WONDER IF WE WILL EVER SERVE IN SUCH AN HONORABLE WAY, THAT IT LEAVES A MARK THAT SEARS ITSELF INTO THE CULTURE OF GENERATIONS OF SAILORS, AND THEIR FAMILIES, TO COME.
- FOR NOW, WE HAVE MIDWAY AS OUR MARKER TO SERVE A STRONG EXAMPLE OF WHO WE ARE, AND WHY WE EXIST, SO THAT WELL INTO THE FUTURE, SAILORS WILL CONTINUE TO STOP DURING THE WEEK OF JUNE 4-7 OF EVERY YEAR AND CONSIDER HOW NAVAL LEGACIES ARE MADE, AND WHY THEY ARE TIMELESSLY CHERISHED, GENERATION AFTER GENERATION.
[NAS Sound System: “First Call to Colors”]
Ladies and Gentlemen please rise for Morning Colors, our National Anthem and the delivery of our Invocation. [INSERT LOCATION], Attention.
Multi-Service Color Guard presents Colors; [INSERT NAME] sings the National Anthem.
Chaplain [INSERT NAME] will now deliver the Invocation.
(The Chaplain walks to the Podium, delivers Invocation, and then returns to his seat)
Ladies and Gentlemen, please be seated. [INSERT LOCATION], Parade Rest.
(Every one sits down; formations go to parade rest w/o signal from Company Cmdrs).
(PAC Rifle Drill Commences)
Ladies and Gentlemen, it gives me great pleasure to introduce [INSERT NAME], Commanding Officer, [INSERT LOCATION] and guest speaker for [INSERT LOCATION]’s Commemoration of the Battle of Midway. [INSERT LOCATION] - AT EASE
Guest Speaker, CO
Ladies and Gentlemen, the [XO, NAME] [INSERT LOCATION]
[XO, NAME] proceeds to lectern, makes remarks, then walks to the center of the ceremonial grounds.
LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, PLEASE RISE. THE EXECUTIVE OFFICER WILL NOW PLACE THE WREATH. OUR WREATH LAYING CEREMONY HERE AT [LOCATION] SERVES AS OUR CORNERSTONE FOR MANY SIMILAR WREATH LAYING CEREMONIES THROUGHOUT THE U.S. NAVY. LET IT BE KNOWN THAT AS THE EXECUTIVE OFFICER LAYS THIS WREATH, WREATHS ARE BEING LAID AROUND THE WORLD IN HONOR OF OUR MIDWAY VETERANS. WE PAUSE TO REMEMBER AND HONOR THE SPIRIT OF MIDWAY IN OUR NAVY AND NATION. WE PAUSE TO HONOR ALL THOSE WHO HAVE SERVED OR ARE SERVING WITH HONOR, COURAGE, AND COMMITMENT.
The Wreath Bearer moves toward the center and transfers the wreath to the Executive officer. The Wreath Bearer marches of the parade deck. The Executive Officer then takes the wreath and places it in the bay.
Once the wreath is afloat, the Executive Officer steps three paces back.
MC “HAND SALUTE”
“TAPS” on cue
MC gives this cue after last note of TAPS
At this time the [name of the aircraft (model, type, and series)] does a flyover
MC “READY TWO”
MC “LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, PLEASE REMAIN STANDING FOR THE PLAYING OF ANCHORS AWEIGH AND MARINES’ HYMM FOLLOWED BY THE BENEDICTION.
GUEST SPEAKER’S MARKER
Ladies and Gentlemen, please rise as a memorial wreath is laid at the base of [INSERT LOCATION’s] memorial tree in honor of all Service Members that served at the Battle of Midway and for a memorial flyover by [INSERT NAME] followed by the playing of TAPS, and a moment of silence to Honor those who have gone before us and have given the ultimate sacrifice for Freedom and Democracy around the world.. [INSERT LOCATION], Attention.
<Remain at Memorial> Observe Flyover, TAPS, and moment of Silence)
[Moment of Silence]
Thank You, please be seated. [INSERT LOCATION], at-Ease.
Chaplain [INSERT NAME] will now deliver a Closing Benediction.
(Chaplain walks to the Podium and delivers a brief Invocation, and then returns to his seat)
Ladies and Gentlemen, this concludes our ceremony. Formation Commanders, take charge and carry out the plan of the day. [INSERT LOCATION], DISMISSED.
Conclusion/Dismissal Service Songs by [INSERT NAME] | <urn:uuid:fa65eabb-2aeb-4424-82a7-1ec9c87936e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/commemorations-toolkits/wwii/battle-of-midway/commemoration-resources/commemoration-script.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.698822 | 3,034 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Recently my wonderful sister in law gathered these beautiful white shells and posted them to me as she knows me well, and also that shells are harder to come by where we live. The girls love plain with natural objects and we have made natural discovery baskets and interest tables in the past. After playing with these in the sand and water for a while I thought we could make them into a permanent resource for our playful literacy activities!
What they are learning while they play:
literacy: letter recognition, matching upper and lower case letters, sounding out letters phonetically, forming 2 and 3 letter words (CV and CVC words), beginning to recognise small words independently, be able to sound out small words
motor skills: fine motor skills in picking up and turning over small shells, playing with rice in handfuls and scoops
social skills: turn taking, playing according to rules, sharing | <urn:uuid:5e016b08-c482-4aef-b2d3-e58c43493811> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://theimaginationtree.com/2013/01/alphabet-shells-playful-literacy-games.html?showComment=1359129924136 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00048-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951882 | 179 | 2.578125 | 3 |
A Swiss woman starved to death after believing she could survive on light alone.
The woman embarked on the diet after watching the controversial 2010 documentary film "In the beginning there was light," newspaper Tages Anzeiger reported Wednesday.
The movie centers on Swiss chemistry doctor Michael Werner, 62, and 83-year-old Indian yogi Prahlad Jani, who both claimed to derive sustenance from spiritual means rather than the intake of food -- a concept also known as breatharianism.
Werner claims to have lived without food since 2001, while Jani told the documentary of how he had lived for 70 years not only without food, but also without water.
The woman, from the east of Switzerland, saw the movie and decided to try to survive entirely on light, preparing for the process by reading a book by Australian breatharian Ellen Greve, who goes by the name Jasmuheen.
In line with the book, the Swiss woman, who was in her early 50s, did not eat or drink anything for a week -- and even spat out her saliva -- before resuming drinking in the second and third weeks.
She reassured her concerned children that she would stop fasting if it became dangerous but she was found dead by them at her home last winter.
An autopsy showed that she died of starvation, ruling out any other contribution to the cause of death, the newspaper reported.
The Swiss was the fourth known death linked to breatharianism and Jasmuheen's books since the practice emerged in the early 90s. | <urn:uuid:67b96bae-d4a9-4e21-9f63-9431b575c36d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.foxnews.com/health/2012/04/25/woman-starved-to-death-on-light-diet.html?intcmp=related | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719646.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00126-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984482 | 318 | 2.140625 | 2 |
With less than two months until the U.S. presidential election, the Republican party is making an aggressive last bid attempt to win over Jewish voters in important swing states.
Focusing on the key areas of South Florida, Ohio and Nevada, the Sheldon Adelson-backed Republican Jewish Coalition has begun spending $6.5 million on both on-air and ground efforts to reach Jewish voters who, according to the New York Times, are beginning to question Obama's stance on the security of Israel.
Jewish Americans voters tend to support Democratic candidates for president, as they did in 2008, giving Obama an overwhelming 78 percent of their votes, something Republicans hope will change this coming November.
Most of the money spent by the coalition will be doled out in Florida, where a majority of Jewish voters are located. A cluster of pro-Republican billboards can be seen on South Florida's main highway, Interstate 95, which runs through Boca Raton and Broward County, two areas with large Jewish populations. "Obama…Oy Vey!" and billboards asking if voters "Had enough?" mark the landscape in South Florida as Republicans try to shift the tide of voter opinions.
The coalition also began television ads with a series of "buyer's remorse" themed commercials, featuring a Jewish voter who declared he would change the way he voted in 2008 and vote Republican this time around over concerns for the economy and the state of Israel.
Republicans think the one-two punch of focusing on Israel and the economy will be enough to sway Jewish voters away from their Democrat-leaning tendencies.
According to a Gallup poll conducted this past spring, Obama has the support of 64 percent of Jewish voters with 29 percent supporting Romney. While Obama still maintains a commanding lead over the Jewish vote, Republicans see these figures as reasons for optimism, considering that Obama commanded 78 percent of the Jewish vote last election.
Still, Democrats see the Republican effort as mere wishful thinking and hold that while Israel is a very important issue for Jewish voters, the group tends to overwhelmingly side with the Democratic party on domestic issues such as immigration, abortion and healthcare.
Even though the Jewish population is a small percentage of the American vote at large, Republicans and Democrats continually pander to this group because the Jewish community turn out to vote in disproportionally large numbers. A voter shift in a swing state can make all the difference. For example, in Florida, 3.4 percent of registered voters are Jewish, but they make up as much as 8 percent of the electorate, huge numbers that both the Republicans and Democrats continue to take notice of. | <urn:uuid:9535958e-4ee9-4f63-b1ea-b898bbbff5bb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/160343 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00308-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951454 | 523 | 1.5 | 2 |
Cast your mind back. You may remember a year ago when our cheeky cousins at the IAB announced that internet advertising revenue had finally ‘overtaken’ TV advertising revenue in the first half of 2009. This prompted some ugly triumphalism from internet fundamentalists and telly was given a right old kicking in the press. A year on our bruises have healed, and we’re all friends again.
But guess what; various press stories appeared last week using the 2010 first half figures from the Advertising Association to state that apparently TV had ‘overtaken’ the internet again. In the first half of the year TV had 25.5% share of advertising spending, and ‘the internet’ had 24.3%. Whoopee, you might expect us to say; boo-sucks to the internet, reap what ye sow, don’t throw stones in glass houses, hoisted by your own petard and similar sanctimonious retributions.
Except we are saving our celebrations for something that actually counts. At the risk of repeating myself, on the anniversary of TV’s trashing and while ‘online advertising’ spend is fresh in our minds, I would like to revisit why the ‘who is the bigger medium?’ question is the chocolate teapot of media debates.
It is not comparing like with like
TV is a medium, the internet is not; it is a fantastic technology that enables a variety of activities, from banking to shopping to email to TV to radio to newspapers and all things in between. It would be like naming everything that uses print technology – from posters, door drops and catalogues to directories, magazines, DM and newspapers, not to mention phenomena like books, leaflets, or letters – a single medium.
‘Online advertising’ doesn’t exist
There is no single thing called ‘online advertising’; it is a confusing catch-all term for the wide variety of very different types of advertising, including online search, display, social media and classified advertising. These are mature enough now to be looked at individually, as people do with the different forms of print, not lumped together. Aggregating revenues from such disparate disciplines in order to create a PR-able big number is meaningless.
TV *hearts* the internet
I never tire of saying this. TV advertising and most forms of internet advertising are genuinely not in competition. Search – by some margin the biggest medium within the internet sector – and email marketing do completely different things for advertisers and are wholly complementary to TV. Google calls it a ‘special relationship’ and this was underlined by our joint research with the IAB. Online display formats of course can be substitutes for TV, but the fastest growing one is … online TV.
TV is available on the internet
The increasing convergence between TV (the content) and the internet (the technology) makes comparing the two fundamentally flawed. TV will be increasingly watched via the internet, broadband connected TV sets are launching, and the most attractive and effective part of online display to advertisers is the advertising spaces around on-demand TV.
If you still care about what the biggest advertising sector is, it’s print
If the same methodology of aggregating revenues from different types of advertising that use one particular technology was used generally, then ‘print’ would remain the biggest advertising sector. TV advertising and ‘online advertising’ never have been, and neither is now. TV however is the biggest display medium by a wide and increasing margin.
Online never ‘overtook’ TV anyway
Ironically, despite what the IAB announced a year ago, ‘online advertising’ never finally ‘overtook’ TV in 2009. If you want all the numbers here goes…
Ofcom’s figures, the most reliable source, list net TV revenue in 2009 at £3.136bn. Expressed as a number gross of 15% agency commission that comes to £3.689bn. The Advertising Association figures are generally listed gross of 15% agency commission for all media. They have 2009 TV spot revenue only at £3.525bn gross, plus listed separately is £160m of TV sponsorship. Together that comes to £3.685bn gross, almost exactly Ofcom’s number. The AA uses the IAB’s self-published figure for ‘online advertising’ of £3.541bn gross in 2009.
There you have it: TV (excluding online TV) took £3.685bn in gross advertising revenue in 2009 and the whole online sector £3.541bn gross.
It gets confusing because the AA separates TV sponsorship from spot and lots of people get mixed up between net and gross (including some very large media agencies). So TV wasn’t overtaken it seems, so therefore can’t have regained some spurious position it never lost in the first place.
But we genuinely don’t care
Who does? We haven’t made a big deal out of this ourselves because, however tempting it might be, we are not in the business of comparing the two (Ok, apart from right now, but that’s only to show how fatuous it is). TV’s share of total and display advertising rose last year (as it also did in 2008), which might have justified a bit of showing off. But when TV revenues were down nearly 10% it seemed a bit sick to get excited. A year will probably come again when the online sector grows faster than TV but we’ll still be happy as long as it’s not at TV’s expense.
Real reasons to celebrate
2010 is a different issue. Display advertising has come back strongly this year. All media that are brand building are doing better, from cinema to outdoor. TV revenue seems to be growing by more than 12% and faster than any other medium this year. All of 2009’s revenue decline will be regained . Now those are facts we are happy to say ‘Whoopee’ to. | <urn:uuid:5d16b53e-4337-4d64-bf75-7093ad4db310> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thinkbox.tv/news-and-opinion/blogs/20101001-the-good-news/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.955314 | 1,261 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Japan has accepted assistance from a number of its neighbors, including those with whom it has rockier relations. China has pledged the most so far. The Chinese government on Monday announced $4.6 million in disaster relief funding, which comes on top of almost $1 million offered by the Red Cross Society of China, Xinhua reports. China has also sent 15 search and rescue workers into the country, who are working in the same area as the US teams, according to the United Nations.
Meanwhile, South Korea has sent 105 search-and-rescue personnel, Taiwan has sent 30, and Singapore has sent five. South Korea and Taiwan’s workers are in Sendai City, the closest major city to the epicenter, while Singapore’s are operating in Fukushima, southwest of Sendai and the site of one of the nuclear reactors not functioning properly.
The Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), a regional economic and geopolitical bloc that excludes China, has also offered whatever assistance Japan needs. Mongolia and Sri Lanka have together offered $1 million in funds. | <urn:uuid:29006a88-5491-44dc-9eb0-005373767828> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-Pacific/2011/0315/Japan-earthquake-5-ways-the-international-community-is-helping/China-and-greater-Asia-Pacific | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00564-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964612 | 218 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Diagnostic trouble code P0131 is defined as “O2 Sensor Circuit Low Voltage Bank 1 Sensor 1.” It indicates a low voltage signal from the front oxygen sensor, which monitors the oxygen concentration of the raw exhaust gas.
DTC P0131 implies a fault in the heated oxygen sensor (HO2S) located near the exhaust manifold on Bank 1, before the catalytic converter (Bank 1 is the engine side with cylinder #1.)
The P0131 code is triggered when the Engine Control Module (ECM) or Powertrain Control Module (PCM) detects a low voltage condition or an unbalanced air-fuel ratio.
A low voltage signal means more oxygen in the air-fuel ratio (that is, the engine is running lean.) So, the ECM or PCM compensates for the issue by adjusting the fuel trim values. But while this attempt at fuel control may seem like a fix, it can lead to performance inefficiencies.
A P0131 trouble code or faulty oxygen sensor circuit may be accompanied by signs such as:
Note: If another fault code is present in addition to the P0131 code, there may be different or additional symptoms.
Yes, your vehicle may still function (for a while) with a DTC P0131. However, this trouble code is a serious issue and should be addressed immediately.
Extended driving with a low voltage signal from the oxygen sensor circuit can lead to:
If you don’t address the issue, the problem will only worsen with time, and the repair costs will drastically increase. So, get this Check Engine Light code addressed as soon as possible.
Here are the potential causes of a code P0131:
Here are steps a mechanic would take to diagnose error code P0131:
Some additional checks the mechanic may do include a review of coolant temperature sensor issues, low fuel pressure, and vacuum or exhaust leaks.
A complete diagnosis can help prevent unnecessary replacements, saving costs on your repairs. For example, engine misfires could also lead to improper O2 sensor readings, which means the O2 sensor isn’t faulty and it’s something else that needs a fix.
Here are some possible repairs related to code P0131:
Note: If any other codes are present with trouble code P0131, the mechanic will resolve them before this O2 sensor code to prevent a misdiagnosis.
Since this fault code can be triggered for several reasons, a mechanic will need to conduct a full diagnosis to identify the issue and potential repair costs. The diagnosis may cost between $75-$150, depending on your mechanic’s labor rate.
Here are estimates for replacing relevant parts (including the cost of labor):
Select your vehicles year, make, and model and the repair service you need.
Get a free quote, book an appointment, and speak to a specialist – all online!
Pick a time that works best for you and our mobile mechanics will bring the shop to you.
1-Year | 12,000-Mile Warranty | <urn:uuid:0d2d2b92-482f-4ca8-8373-b614756241a9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.repairsmith.com/estimates/trouble-codes/p0131/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.91713 | 638 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Former President K.R. Narayanan, the first “untouchable” from India’s pernicious caste system to occupy the office, died Wednesday. He was 85.
The soft-spoken, scholarly Narayanan was admitted to an army hospital in the capital Oct. 29 with pneumonia and kidney failure. He had been on life support since Oct. 31, Defense Ministry spokesman Sitanshu Kar said.
"He was a monumental personality. A personality who proved what the Indian Republic stands for," said former Prime Minister I.K. Gujral on private New Delhi Television. "In all the time he occupied the high office, he always upheld his oath to protect the constitution."
Narayanan's rise to the top was remarkable in a country where "untouchables," now known as "Dalits," are the lowest in society, having faced ridicule and hostility for centuries.
The Dalits — literally "broken people" — are outside the caste system, a 3,000-year-old hierarchy that divides Hindus into four categories of descending social importance. Because they are
without caste, the Dalits, nearly a fourth of India's billion-plus people, are considered unclean and therefore "untouchable."
"Coming from a very poor family, coming up only with the dint of his own effort and labor, he proved ... that neither religion nor caste can come in the way of a person who is able to exert himself intellectually," Gujral said.
Caste discrimination outlawed in 1950
Discrimination based on caste was outlawed in 1950 but centuries of entrenched habits have been hard to break, although much progress has been made in social equality in recent decades. In his public statements, Narayanan never harped on the caste discrimination he faced as growing up, instead emphasizing the positive.
"In fact, if you can see one consistent tendency in India, one trend in India, from the time of the Buddha onwards, it is the slow, but steady movement of the lower classes among the scale of the class system," Narayanan said in a 1998 interview with state television.
"But it has been very slow. It took 2,000 years. But it is something which is going on," he said.
While most Dalits remain poor, uneducated and underemployed, Narayanan was a symbol of how crushing disadvantages can be overcome with luck and determination.
The son of a traditional "Ayurvedic" medicine physician, Narayanan was born in a poor household in the village of Uzhavoor in the southern state of Kerala on Oct. 27, 1920.
With persistence he obtained education, earning a bachelor's degree from the London School of Economics and working at various times as English teacher, journalist and diplomat.
He was once barred from primary school because he couldn't afford the fees, but stubbornly stood outside the classroom to listen to lessons.
Narayanan did so well on his final high school exams that he was given a government scholarship to continue his education.
Aided by fund established by Gandhi
He also received help from a fund set up for oppressed Indians by independence leader and social reformer Mohandas Gandhi, and an Indian industrialist later paid for his studies in London.
He returned to India in 1948 with a letter of introduction from a prominent economist to Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. The prime minister personally recommended Narayanan for the Indian Foreign Service.
He served as India's ambassador to China and the United States, two of the most important posts in the service.
His first posting as a diplomat was to Myanmar, also known as Burma, where he met his future wife, a Burmese woman who had studied social work in India.
They married in 1950, with special permission given by Nehru as Indian diplomats are not allowed to marry foreigners.
He turned to politics in 1980, winning a seat in Parliament on a Congress party ticket. A politician with a whistle-clean reputation, he served as vice president until he was elected the country's 10th president on July 25, 1997. | <urn:uuid:f3d5108a-f2ca-44f2-b161-d85250e59b3d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna9976883 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.981985 | 847 | 2.65625 | 3 |
ERIC Number: ED328976
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1991-Jan
Reference Count: N/A
Leadership with a Vision: How Principals Develop and Implement Their Visions for School Success.
OSSC Bulletin, v34 n5 Jan 1991
Developing and pursuing a "vision" for school success is a crucial part of effective educational leadership. This document explores theoretical models of vision for school success and leadership forces in education; discusses principals as visionary leaders; offers practical advice on developing, implementing, and maintaining a vision for one's school; and discusses the leader's role in shaping a positive school culture. Also explored are definitions of the successful school and the relationship between the principal's personal values, vision, and school culture. Following a brief explanation of the Onward to Excellence Program and Oregon's House Bill 2020 grant program, profiles of several Oregon schools are presented, including North Eugene High School, Pleasant View Middle School, Orchard Hill Elementary School, Oaklea Middle School, and Pilot Butte Junior High School. The profiles emphasize programs and strategies that define or promote the schools' visions for success. Programs in school climate, cooperative environment, staff empowerment, result measurement, restructuring, cooperative learning, grade reporting, home-room programs, at-risk students, talented and gifted students, writing, math, and study skills are among the items described. A section on recommendations and conclusions regarding developing and following a vision for success follows. (26 references) (CLA)
Descriptors: Administrator Characteristics, Administrator Role, Change Strategies, Cooperation, Educational Change, Educational Environment, Educational Objectives, Elementary Secondary Education, Institutional Mission, Leadership Responsibility, Profiles, School Attitudes, School Effectiveness
Publication Sales, Oregon School Study Council, University of Oregon, 1787 Agate Street, Eugene, OR 97403 ($6.00 prepaid; $2.00 postage and handling on billed orders; quantity discounts).
Publication Type: Information Analyses; Collected Works - Serials
Education Level: N/A
Audience: Administrators; Practitioners
Authoring Institution: Oregon School Study Council, Eugene. | <urn:uuid:11f07b45-660a-48f0-8579-ab60779d14c2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED328976 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00098-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.891636 | 444 | 2.75 | 3 |
Home > Health Library > Interactive Tool: Do You Have a Drinking Problem?
This tool can help you
see if your drinking is dangerous or unhealthy or if you may be
addicted to alcohol. The results may show that you need to seek help from a doctor.
Try to answer the
questions as accurately as possible. The answers to your test are
This tool alone is not enough for
diagnosis. If you think you might have a drinking problem, seek help from a health professional no matter how you score on this test.
The more signs of an
alcohol problem you have, the higher your score will be. Your score will appear
as one of the following:
As with all screening tools, this tool is not meant to
take the place of a thorough evaluation by your doctor. If you think you may
have a problem, see your doctor.
Drinking too much can cause serious
health problems. It also can have an impact on your life and the lives of
people you care about. If you are concerned about your drinking or you cannot
control how much you drink, contact your doctor for help right away. An
untreated alcohol problem can get worse over time.
is possible to overcome an alcohol problem without help. But especially in the
addiction, most people need treatment such as
counseling and medicines to get better. With treatment, you can overcome your
alcohol problems and live a healthier, happier life. The choice to go to your
doctor for help is the first step on your path to getting better.
For more information, see the topic
Alcohol Abuse and Dependence.
Other Works Consulted
Babor TF, et al. (2001). AUDIT: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test—Guidelines for Use in Primary Care, 2nd ed. (WHO Publ No. MSD/MSB/01.6a). Geneva: World Health Organization. Available online: http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/alcohol/en.
ByHealthwise StaffPrimary Medical ReviewerKathleen Romito, MD - Family MedicineSpecialist Medical ReviewerPeter Monti, PhD - Alcohol and Addiction
Current as ofFebruary 24, 2016
Current as of:
February 24, 2016
Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine & Peter Monti, PhD - Alcohol and Addiction
To learn more about Healthwise, visit Healthwise.org.
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Use our interactive symptom checker to evaluate your symptoms and determine appropriate action or treatment.
I Want To...
Join Our Social Network | <urn:uuid:91a1d9c7-f1ba-483f-bcf7-82775ae6a333> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.jaxhealth.com/health-library/document-viewer/?id=zu1466 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720000.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00025-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.868414 | 580 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Community fridge in Inverness neighbourhood aims to cut food wastage
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A community fridge is being set up in an Inverness neighbourhood in a bid to reduce food waste and provide support for those who need it.
The project in Culloden is being led by the church-run GoodNESS Project and has received funding of £2400 from food retailer Scotmid to get it off the ground.
It will be based in a shed at the Barn Centre, in Barn Church Road, and aims to redistribute surplus food produce from retailers and donated items from individuals.
Rebecca Wilson, co-ordinator of the GoodNESS Project – set up by Barn Church and Kings Inverness – hopes it will be up and running this month.
"The main message is we want the fridge to help the community reduce waste and support local businesses in reducing waste," Mrs Wilson said.
"It will be open to everyone – whether you are interested in stopping good food going to landfill, want to have an impact on the environment, or could do with some food support.
"It will be a big part of the GoodNESS Project’s vision to promote a cyclical economy and being more responsible for the environment in local communities."
It is hoped to get local schools involved and there are also plans to create a community garden at Barn Church where fruit and vegetables could be grown which would contribute to the fridge.
The support from Scotmid arose from another venture at Christmas, called Food Hampers for the Community.
It in involved four churches – Barn Church, King’s Inverness, Culloden-Balloch Baptist Church and Smithton Free Church – which joined together to deliver hampers to 200 families.
The venture raised £5000 which was matched by another organisation, the Love Christmas Campaign to support local food efforts.
Mrs Wilson subsequently spoke to Scotmid about using the money for specially-tailored food vouchers at its store in Balloch.
The retailer was interested in the project and in return, offered to provide funds to install a community fridge.
Lynne Ogg, north Scotland communities manager for Scotmid, said: "We are excited to fund the GoodNESS community fridge.
"We have supported community fridges in other locations so have seen first-hand how well local communities respond to them and the endless benefits they offer.
"This project aligns perfectly with Scotmid’s core purpose – to serve our communities and to improve people’s everyday lives." | <urn:uuid:370e6911-958f-459d-8937-3f2d39e80890> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.inverness-courier.co.uk/news/community-fridge-in-inverness-neighbourhood-aims-to-cut-food-231831/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.961548 | 535 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Yesterday, the House of Representatives passed a bill that would once again put the issue of Puerto Rican statehood on the front burner:
The House on Thursday approved legislation that could set in motion changes in Puerto Rico’s 112-year relationship with the United States, including a transition to statehood or independence.
The House bill would give the 4 million residents of the island commonwealth a two-step path to expressing how they envision their political future. It passed 223 to 169 and now must be considered by the Senate.
Initially, eligible voters, including those born in Puerto Rico but residing in the United States, would vote on whether they wish to keep their current political status or opt for a different direction.
If a majority are in favor of changing the current situation, the Puerto Rican government would be authorized to conduct a second vote, and people would choose among four options: statehood, independence, the current commonwealth status or sovereignty in association with the United States. Congress would have to vote on whether Puerto Rico becomes a state.
Pedro Pierluisi (D), Puerto Rico’s nonvoting delegate to the House, said that although the island has had votes on similar issues in the past, Congress has never authorized a process in which Puerto Ricans state whether they should remain a U.S. territory or seek a nonterritorial status.
At the moment, it’s unclear if this bill has any chance at all of making it through the Senate, but that hasn’t stopped some on the right from going into panic mode over what seems to me to be a relatively inconsequential bill.
Just check out this rant from Glenn Beck:
Its not a conspiracy Glenn. | <urn:uuid:cf7b7fb3-ab82-4419-85df-9c046c8d7de6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://belowthebeltway.com/2010/04/30/houses-passes-bill-to-authorize-vote-on-puerto-ricos-future/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00080-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956163 | 350 | 1.859375 | 2 |
AUD to XOF exchange rates
Convert Australian dollars to West African CFA francs. Get bank-beating foreign currency exchange rates with OFX.
Market Rate 450.6968
AUD/XOF currency chart: 1.00 AUD = 450.6768 XOF
Register in less than 5 minutes
Why Choose OFX
The Australian dollar is the official currency of Australia, including its external territories: Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, and Norfolk Island. It is officially used as currency by three independent Pacific Island states: Kiribati, Nauru, and Tuvalu. It is legal tender in Australia.
- Currency Name: Australian dollar
- Currency Code: AUD
- Currency Symbol: $ or A$
- Central Bank: Reserve Bank of Australia
- Reserve Currency: The Australian dollar is considered a reserve currency.
- Safe Haven: The Australian dollar is not considered a safe haven.
- Countries Used In: Australia
- Major Unit: One Australian dollar
- Minor Unit: One cent
- Cents per Australian dollar: 100
- Note Denominations: $5, $10, $20, $50
- Coin Denominations: 5¢, 10¢, 20¢, 50¢, $1, $2
The CFA Franc BCEAO is pegged to the Euro at 1 euro = 655.957 XOF. It is used by eight independent states in West Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Sénégal and Togo.
- Currency Name: West African CFA franc
- Currency Code: XOF
- Currency Symbol: CFA
- Central Bank: Central Bank of West African States
- Reserve Currency: The West African CFA Franc is not considered a reserve currency.
- Safe Haven: The West African CFA Franc is not considered a safe haven.
- Countries Used In: Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo
- Major Unit: One West African CFA Franc
- Minor Unit: One centime
- Centimes per West African CFA Franc: 100
- Note Denominations: 500, 1,000, 2,000, 5,000, 10,000 francs
- Coin Denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 500 francs
Previous AUD to XOF Exchange Rates
AUD to XOF historical rates
|September 30, 2021||405.494114|
|October 31, 2021||418.979712|
|November 30, 2021||418.687396|
|December 31, 2021||415.6113|
|January 31, 2022||415.585244|
|February 28, 2022||413.735364|
|March 31, 2022||438.498221|
|April 30, 2022||444.935469|
|May 31, 2022||437.4862|
|June 30, 2022||434.698061|
|July 31, 2022||448.84856|
|August 15, 2022||451.037323| | <urn:uuid:b9597ed7-891a-402e-8217-ad74fa6233b4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ofx.com/en-ca/exchange-rates/aud-to-xof/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.774142 | 726 | 1.914063 | 2 |
HOW TO STEAL LIKE WALL STREET
Posted on 18th November 2011 by AWD in Economy
I’ve always like Brett Arends. This is a great article about the criminals on Wall Street and their bought-off, bribed and owned criminals in Washington. There is no justice for the con-men, swindlers, cheats, thieves, and degenerate gamblers on Wall Street because the President and Congress are getting $122 million from them and counting. John Corzine made off with $600 million by robbing account holders and wiring the money out of MF Global, then bankrupting the company. Obama will make sure one of his favorite flunkies doesn’t get prosecuted, along with all the other criminals from 2008, the list of which keeps growing and growing. The banking cabal is putting leaders into power without elections in Europe, but here the banksters already own the politicians, who have ignored the constitution, bill of rights, and the rule of law so their rich friends can gamble and transfer all their loses to taxpayers. I don’t know which is worse, banksters or politicians. Obama fiddles while Rome burns.
How to steal like Wall Street
MarketWatchBy Brett Arends | MarketWatch
BOSTON (MarketWatch) — It’s a lucky thing these kids only tried to “occupy” Wall Street.
If they’d been really radical they would have done something much more dangerous.
They would have just imitated Wall Street.
Everyone now knows the rules down on America’s Street of Shame. These are almost the exact opposite of the rules in the real, normal, moral economy the rest of us inhabit.
On Wall Street, you take every nickel and dime you can get your hands on. If it’s not nailed down, it’s yours. You take without conscience or shame. If you see a blind man selling pencils on the street, steal the pencils. Steal his pennies. Steal his dog.
On Wall Street, you gamble. You gamble big. But you gamble with other people’s money.
Borrow as much as you can. If it doesn’t work out, too bad — for someone else. Heads you win, tails they lose.
MF Global, anyone?
There is no limit to how much money you should take. As P.T. Barnum might have said, if he had had the benefit of an MBA, “there’s an investor born every minute.”
And “never give a bondholder an even break.”
After all, it’s not stealing if you get away with it. And because you — or your cronies — write the laws, you get away with everything.
You think I’m exaggerating. But reflect that the top 10 people at Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers walked away with nearly $1 billion before those banks collapsed. A billion dollars. That money went to yachts and mansions and mink coats. The people who ran subprime firms like Countrywide Financial walked away with fortunes. Ditto all those mortgage brokers who got paid to sucker people into dangerous loans.
Do you think they’re giving back a nickel or a dime? Do you think they are staying awake at nights? Lehman Brothers creditors lost their shirts. Little old ladies who had been sold Lehman Brothers “principal protection notes” as “safe” investments for their life savings lost everything. They’re eating cat food, while the former honchos eat foie gras. Do you think those honchos could care less? And do you think they look at this economy as a “recession”?
You dummy. They’re laughing into their martinis. Ha, ha! Yes, let the good times roll.
Reflect, too, that the bonus bonanza has been back on Wall Street for at least two years now.
Meanwhile, if you’re waiting for politicians to get tough on the bankers, you will wait in vain. The 60 Minutes expose reveals just how corrupt Washington is. Read my earlier column on a nation of suckers.
According to the Center for Responsive Politics, which tracks campaign contributions, Big Finance has already given $122 million to the candidates for the 2011-12 races. That’s with a year still to go. Learn more.
That’s more than any other group. It’s three times as much as the entire health industry has given, and six times as much as labor. These candidates are bought and paid for. They know who they work for, and it isn’t you.
“The banking lobbyist is on line two, Senator. He says it’s urgent.”
Which brings us to “Occupy Wall Street,” and the protest movement.
Wall Street couldn’t care less about this nonsense. The really rich and powerful aren’t commuting in to offices every day on the subway. This doesn’t affect them at all. They’re riding into work in heated limousines, laughing at the cold, damp kids in the park.
There’s only one thing that terrifies these people. Only one thing that keeps them up at night.
Riots? Revolution? Nah.
The banks may be greedy. But they are also really, really stupid. They will send out credit cards to anyone, based only on a “credit score” that’s easy to manipulate.
(The credit scores are a joke. Mine isn’t perfect, a bank told me, because I “haven’t borrowed enough.” In other words, they’d prefer I owed more money before they lent to me. Really, you couldn’t make these clowns up.)
If OWS really wanted to hit the banks where it hurts, they wouldn’t have wasted their time camping out in the cold, and holding up signs till their fingers turned blue.
They’ve have taken out every new credit card they could get. Lots of them. Card after card.
They would have done what Wall Street does. They would have borrowed every nickel they could.
And then they would have high-tailed it to the Bahamas.
Mai-tais in the Jacuzzi. The presidential suite. These kids are 26 and unemployed. How good does this sound?
And when the money was gone, they’d have said to the banks, “Too bad, suckers. Sue us!”
Good luck with that.
America’s bankruptcy laws are crazy. You can shelter all sorts of money in things like 401(k) plans and still walk away. By the standards of the real, “moral” economy they are unconscionable.
They are, in a word, as immoral as Wall Street. They let borrowers treat Wall Street the way Wall Street treats everyone else. Look at the behavior on the Street of Shame and tell me I’m wrong.
Actually, maybe the real way to imitate Wall Street would be to borrow every nickel on these credit cards, head to Vegas, and wager the money on black.
Heads, you keep the profits. Tails… say, anyone seen Dick Fuld lately? Angelo Mozilo? Jon Corzine?
Yes, if the protesters did this there would be chaos. Mayhem. A new financial crisis. Heavens, we might even have to change the system.
(You can bet Congress would lose this bankruptcy loophole faster than they’d change the law against insider dealing by congressmen).
All in all, it’s a lucky thing this strategy didn’t occur to the protesters. Or, just as likely, it probably did occur to some of them — but they considered it grossly immoral.
Instead they have spent two months camping out in the cold, eating lentil curry, while the bankers got fatter and fatter. Ha, ha!
As the rich man shouts to The Dude in The Big Lebowski, “Your revolution is over, Mr. Lebowski! Condolences. The bums lost…. The bums will always lose!”
And so they do.
Goldman Sachs: The banksters extrodinaire.
“It is almost as if they planned it that way. Who’s the biggest seller of debt on the planet? We don’t know…but Goldman Sachs has to be up in the rankings somewhere. You’ll recall it was Goldman that helped Greece structure its debt so that it could abide by the letter of its treaty engagements with Europe but totally thumb its nose at the spirit of it.
And now the debt has blown up…and the Goldman boys are on the job, managing the mess they were so instrumental in creating.
What’s their solution? Oh come on…dear reader, you should know how this works by now. They propose more centralization, more management, more paper money, more debt, more inflation, more of everything you see on the right hand of our column above.
In other words, they believe that they know better than the people…or the market. They believe that their sanitized, homogenized, pasteurized Capitalism-in-a-Can works better than the real thing. Besides, they have a reason to believe it. This claptrap is the source of their power, status and money
….Meanwhile, what’s going on in the USA? Alas, the US economy is the hands of the same sort of people… The people who caused the mess…who did not see it coming…and who have not had a clue what to do about it. They’re still running US economic policy. These illustrious incompetents — such as Larry Summers of Obama’s National Economic Council and Tim Geithner, his Treasury Secretary — have proven that they wouldn’t know a Great Correction if it bit them on the behind..
So, they just keep adding more debt, more spending, more management, more ‘reform’ measures, and more centralization.
Ultimately, the elite managers of Europe and America all went to the same schools (Harvard, Yale, MIT…)…all read the same newspapers and magazines (The Financial Times and The Economist)…all worship the same gods (money and power)…all speak the same language (mid-Atlantic English)…and all want to control the world.
So far, they seem to be making great progress towards their objectives. They stuff the world with debt. It blows up. Then, they push out democratically-elected leaders…gain new power and authority…and take charge of the rescue.”
Read more: Goldman to the Rescue! http://dailyreckoning.com/goldman-to-the-rescue/#ixzz1e5RYSRQa
1. The Socialists financed by the International Banking group said they would, in the future, “bury the whole capitalist system.”
27. Lenin said: “The first World War gave us Russia, while the Second World War will hand Europe to us.” (Note the certainty of World War II. It came, “as planned” – 2O years later.)
GERMANY CAUSED WW2…..
Zionism’s Master Plan for World Power
Documented and Dated
This article is not intended to focus on the Jewish people, only the individuals listed.
Before the American Mercury Magazine came into its present ownership, it was owned and controlled by a noted patriot by the name of Russell Maguire. He was a man of wealth and intelligent business initiative.
He became alarmed over what he knew to be Zionism’s Master Plan for World Power. A documented research manuscript came into his hands and he had the courage to publish it.
Following its publication, he was the victim of attempted blackmail, physical threat, danger of assassination and the complete sabotage of his business enterprises. His life became so harassed that he left America for an isolated island home where he felt he could be safe from harassment, persecution and the risk of death itself.
Herewith is the Manuscript that this courageous patriot had the courage to reproduce.
A Chronology of the Zionist Master Plan
for World Domination
Virtually all of the items included in this chronology are direct quotations from Zionists or from their books. At the end of this article there will be listed the various books, their authors, the publishing firms and the dates of publication. I. B. means “International Banker,” A. M. means “American Mercury,” p. means “page,” MMM means ‘Money Made Mysterious.”
Theodor Herzl published “The Jewish State.” It became the Zionists’ bible. The following exact quotes are from Herzl’s book:
1. “When we sink, we become a revolutionary proletariat, the subordinate officers of all revolutionary parties; at the same time, when we rise, there rises also our terrible power of the purse.” p.10.
2. ” . . . the longer Anti-Semitism lies in abeyance the more fiercely will it break out.” p. 4.
3.”Universal brotherhood is not even a beautiful dream. Antagonism is essential to man’s greatest efforts.” p. 42.
1. Lord Edmond Rothschild of London and Jacob H. Schiff of New York City, two of the Elders of Zion, got Theodor Herzl (of Austria) to arrange for the World Zionist Congress at Basel, Switzerland; 197 delegates met there and laid out a plan of World Conquest with plans for a World Government. Herzl, founder of Zionism, in opening the meeting, raised his right hand and repeated an ancient oath of the Talmudists:
“If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, may my right hand forget its cunning.” Herzl also said at this meeting: “We are one nation. We are neither American nor Russian Jews, but only Jews!” He also said: ‘With a few exceptions that do not figure at all, the entire press of the world is in our hands.”
2. Dr. Mandelstam said on August 29 at the opening of the Zionist Congress of 1897: “The Jews will use all their influence and power to prevent the rise and prosperity of other nations and are resolved to adhere to their historic hopes; i.e., to the conquest of world power.” LE TEMPS, Paris, September 3,1897.
3. The Zionist Organization of America was organized in 1897 with Richard Gottheil of Columbia University as its first president, and Rabbi Stephen Wise as the first secretary. Branches for women (Hadassah), and children (Young Judea) were soon organized. ZIONIST NETWORK, p. 32.
Dr. Mandelstam, professor of the University of Kiev, Russia, at Basel Zionist Congress in 1898 said: “The Jews energetically reject the idea of fusion with the other nationalities and cling firmly to their historical hope, i.e., of world empire.” THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY, by H. S Chamberlain, Vol. I, p. 335. Also p. 221 of DEMOCRACY AND WORLD DOMINION.
1. Theodor Herzl, the Zionist leader, went to see Abdul Hamid the Sultan of Turkey, to buy land for the Zionists in Palestine. When the Sultan said “no” he had a revolution on his hands Note later item in 1914.
2. Between 1900 and the outbreak of World War I (1914), the United States was flooded by large waves of immigration from Eastern Europe.
1. Because President William McKinley in the United States refused to be a stooge for the International Bankers, he was killed by Russian Zionist, Zolkozh. Presidents Lincoln [on Good Friday] and Garfield had been previously murdered.
2. Doctor Leopold Kahn summed up these sentiments when speaking about Zionism in a Jewish school at Pozrony (Bratislava) in 1901: “Jews will never be assimilated and will never adopt the customs or morals of strangers. The Jew will remain a Jew under all circumstances.” WORLD CONQUERORS, p. 21.
1. Lenin joins Trotsky in Switzerland on Editorial Board of Zionist publication ISKRA (THE SPARK). It was printed in Munich, Germany.
2. Kuhn, Loeb & Co. was one of the founders and chief financiers of the scandalous Panama Canal Co.
1. Dr. Simon Flexner, one of three busy brothers became director of laboratories of the Rockefeller Institute. AMERICAN MERCURY, November 1958, p. 105.
2. At the Sixth Zionist Congress in 1903 at Basel Switzerland Dr. Max Nordau, an Elder of Zion said we quote from the AMERICAN JEWISH NEWS, New York, Vol. 4, No 2, September 19, 1919, “Theodor Herzl has considered it his duty to maintain valuable relations with this great and progressive power (England). Herzl knows that we stand (in 1903) before a tremendous upheaval of the whole world. Soon, perhaps some kind of world congress will have to be called, and England, the great, free and powerful England, will then continue the work it has begun with its generous offer to the Sixth (Zionist) Congress in 1903. And if you ask me now what has Israel to do in Uganda, then . . . let me tell you the following words as if I were showing you the rungs of a ladder leading upward and upward: Herzl, the Zionist (1897) Congress, the English Uganda proposition (1903), the future World War (1914-1918), the peace conference (1919-1920) where with the help of England a free and Jewish Palestine will be created.”
“Like a mighty thunder these last words came to us, and we all were trembling and awe-struck as if we had seen a vision of old.”
The above speech was also printed in the FASCIST (London) February, 1937. The same speech has been mentioned in a number of books, including (on page 221) DEMOCRACY AND WORLD DOMINION, by the great educator, Edwin D. Schoonmaker, publisher, Richard R. Smith, New York City, 1939.
3. Speyer & Co., the Zionist banking house, gave Mexico a loan of 12 & one half million dollars and secured all oil concessions in Mexico. From then on intrigue dominated Mexico.
1. Kuhn Loeb & Co. (a Rothschild international banking firm) financed the war of Japan against Czarist Russia. (A planned revolution in Czarist Russia followed one year later.)
2. Chaim Weizmann commented as follows on Theodor Herzl’s JUDENSTAAT:
“Four years ago world Jewry was divided into two camps: one on the east and one on the west. And when Herzl arrived and said to us that we must unite Eastern and Western Jewry, we carried out this order accordingly. Our unity today is Herzl’s legacy to the Jewish people.”
Theodor Herzl’s JUDENSTAAT states: “Wir sind ein Volk!”Q”We are one people!” And today this is the only unity existing in a world divided into two hemispheres.
“We are one people despite the ostensible rifts, cracks and differences between the American and Soviet democracies. We are one people and it is not in our interests that the West should liberate the East, for in doing this and in liberating the enslaved nations, the West would inevitably deprive Jewry of the Eastern half of its world power.” Chaim Weizmann statement in WORLD CONQUERORS, p. 227.
3. International Workers of the World (IWW) starts promoting violence and trouble in U. S. Austrian-born Felix Frankfurter later was counsel for IWW anarchists.
1. Sidney Hillman (Schmoul Gilsman) was educated as a Rabbi. See WHO WAS WHO IN AMERICA, Vol. II, p. 254.
2. Abortive Revolution in Russia failed. It was led by Sidney Hillman who later came to the U.S. to direct “world operations.” Another leader in the same revolution was Leon Trotsky ( Leiba Davidovitch Bronstein). During the revolution the Rothschilds helped finance, they had their termites in Russia destroy and sabotage the oil wells and refineries. It took many years to offset this tremendous sabotage. It handicapped Czarist Russia some years later when “Planned World War I” started.
3. Intercollegiate Socialist Society formed. Felix Frankfurter, a founder.
4. A copy of THE PROTOCOLS OF THE ELDERS OF ZION was recorded in the British Museum, in London.
5. We quote from p. 76 of THE WORLD AT THE CROSS ROADS, by Boris Brasol:
“According to the information of the LONDON JEWISH CHRONICLE, the contribution of international Jewry to the Russian revolutionary cause in 1905 reached the sum of #874,341. (Nearly $4,500,000 U.S.)
No wonder that Mr. George von Longerke Meyer, United States Ambassador to Russia during the Russo-Japanese War, stated in an official letter dated December 30, 1905, to Mr. Elihu Root, then U. S. Secretary of State, that:
“The Jews have undoubtedly to a large extent furnished the brains and energy in the revolution throughout Russia.”
Nevertheless, in 1905, the revolution financed by Jacob H. Schiff failed.
1. In 1906 a dissolution suit was brought by the Attorney General, for the U. S. Government, against Rockefeller’s Oil Company. The case was closed in 1908. The U. S. Supreme Court ruled against the Rockefeller interest in May 1911 and fined them $29,000,000. The State of Texas issued an injunction against the Rockefellers doing business in that state. William H. Allen’s book, ROCKEFELLER: GIANT, DWARF, SYMBOL gives some of the details of the Rockefellers’ prior questionable operations. When the Rockefellers maneuvered out of the fine of $29 million, Federal Judge Landis, who conducted the government trial, bitterly commented: “You can’t convict a million dollars.” AMERICAN MERCURY, November 1958, p. 104.
From the beginning the Rockefellers were financed by the Kuhn Loeb & Co. and other Zionist bankers. The Rothschilds advised and guided the Rockefellers. They had a deal to divide the world petroleum markets. See ROTHSCHILD’ AND ROCKEFELLERS: DEDICATED MONOPOLISTS, in the AMERICAN MERCURY, November 1958, p. 100.
2. In the JEWISH ENCYCLOPAEDIA (1906), we read:
“It (Schiff’s firm) subscribed for and floated the large Japanese war loan in 1904-1905.” THE ALIEN MENACE, p. 112.
3. The Rothschilds financed ALLIANCE ISRAELITE UNIVERSELLE, published in Russia and elsewhere in 1907: “Capture the press! Through it everything will come to you in the natural course of events.” Adolphe Cremioux. Founder, ALLIANCE ISRAELITE UNIVERSELLE, quoted from A. Shamakoff, ADDRESS IN DEFENSE OF T. DOKSHIN AND OTHERS, p. 36. Moscow: University Printing Office, 1907.
1. Labor Zionist Organization of America Q Poale Zion – was organized in the U. S. to shape labor activities.
2. “There was another great crisis when the Knickerbocker Trust failed because manipulators of the millionaire class wilfully created a run on the banks, from which they emerged incomparably more powerful, having bought up the stock of the ruined victims which held to resell at par. At the same time the Steel Trust was able to complete its absolute monopoly. Solomon Loeb of Kuhn Loeb & Co., was a member of the Knickerbocker Trust.” DEADLIER THAN THE H. BOMB, p. 45.
1. The Socialists financed by the International Banking group said they would, in the future, “bury the whole capitalist system.”
2. On advice of the Rothschilds the Belgian Government acquires the Belgian Congo. Edward Seugier is sent to Elizabethtown. War, minerals and other reasons were mentioned later.
3. Abraham Flexner became education expert for the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. AMERICAN MERCURY, November 1958, p 106.
4. Federal Council of Churches of Christ organized at suggestion of Rothschild. Rockefeller and Carnegie interests active in it. Their Foundations later flow funds into it. 75 per cent of its finances have come from sources outside of its church membership. Congregations don’t vote. “Selected” delegates meet only once each four years.
5. During a heated Congressional investigation into white slavery, The American Jewish Congress was formed. See p. 96, INTERNATIONAL JEW by Henry Ford, Sr. During years that followed, the AJC and Federal Council of Churches were to work closely together on many projects.
1. Walter Rathenau, Zionist, Financial Dictator of Germany, selected by International Bankers after World War I in THE WIERNER FREE PRESSE,
December 25, 1909: “Only 300 men, each of whom knows all the others, govern the fate of Europe. They elect their successors from their entourage. These Jews have the means in their hands of putting an end to the form of any State which they find unreasonable.”
2. THE UNSEEN EMPIRE OF FINANCE, a carefully documented research book by E. Alexander Powell, declared in The SATURDAY EVENING POST, June 19, 1909: “The European peoples are no longer under the Government of respective nations. They have passed under another scepter. They have become the subjects of another Power Q a Power unseen, but felt in palace as in cottage, in Russia as in Spain, by every parent and child, by every potentate and every laborer. No nation on the European continent has any longer an independence that is more than normal. The political autonomy of every one of them has been surrendered to the will of a despotism before which every kingdom and empire and republic fawns in the most abject subserviency.” Above also in ZIONIST NETWORK, p. 6, by Senator Jack B. Tenney.
1. “Mr. Paul Warburg was brother-in-law to Mr. Jacob H. Schiff. Warburg was born in Germany. His brothers conduct the powerful German banking house of M. Warburg and Company, Hamburg, financing the German shipping industry and controlling the Hamburg-American and North German Lloyd lines. Herr Max Warburg, head of this banking house played an important part in German politics, particularly at the time the Kaiser fled to Holland. Dr. Carl Melchoir, a partner in it, was one of the five German delegates-in-chief at the Peace Conference at Versailles (1919), and in later years (1930) was prominent in the founding of the Bank for International Settlements. This was the central bank of the central International Settlements, the central bank of the central banks established in Switzerland, which has been internationalized in peace and war alike, it pays no taxes, and it is above and beyond all law.” ALL THESE THINGS, by A. N. Field, p. 5.
2. Correspondence of the Rothschilds to the German Kaiser reveals Rothschilds wanted World War I delayed. (They needed our Federal Reserve Act to finance World Wars.) INTERNATIONAL JEW by Henry Ford, Sr., P. 204.
3. The International Group running the Carnegie Foundation trustees’ meeting “discussed the advantages of changing our government and institutions through war.” (Later Alger Hiss was president of this “international” outfit.)
4. “I felt constrained to point out (to Kaiser Wilhelm II on his last visit to England in 1911) that the Jews . . . had captured and controlled the larger part of the German press. He did not dissent.” Herbert Henry Asquith, Prime Minister of England 1908 – 1916. THE GENESIS OF THE WAR, New York, 1923, p. 89.
5. The Zionist organization sent a German geologist, Professor Blankenhorn, to investigate the potentialities of the Dead Sea region in Palestine. THE ALIEN MENACE, p. 168.
1. Bernard Baruch ushered into the President’s office in the White House his very weak professor, Woodrow Wilson.
2. Richard J. H. Gottheil wrote that “The closer Jews are kept within the fold, the greater their interest in Jewish life and thought.”
3. The best pamphleteers, the ablest journalists of Europe kept on the payroll of the various financial groups, were feverishly preparing public opinion for the future conflict between the European countries. Boris L. Brasol.
4. ” . . . Finally it should be borne in mind that the press bureaus and the great Eastern dailies exert a disproportionate influence on the American press as a whole . . . The foreign news which came through these bureaus was primarily composed for the New York papers, so, in the last analysis, the control of the New York press meant the control of the entire American press.” Horace C. Peterson.
5. ” . . . The Northcliffe (Jewish-owned) press did more before and during the war to embitter and deliberately poison the English mind against Germany than any other agency.” Clinton Hartley Grattan.
1. Colonel E. Mandell House wrote a book, PHILIP DRU, ADMINISTRATOR David-Rex-Universe, See AMERICAN MERCURY, November 1954, p. 131 (Researchers say that E. Mandell House was an agent of the Rothschilds.)
2. President Wilson (during brief moments when he was not dominated by Brandeis, Baruch, Frankfurter, etc.) wrote “we know that something intervenes between the people of the U. S. and the control of their own affairs at Washington.” FAR AND WIDE, p. 327.
The Hidden Hand put across five related items in 1913:
1. Graduated income tax law was passed. (16th Amendment.) A fundamental rule, laid down by The Communist Manifesto, for destroying of society is “A heavy, progressive or graduated income tax.”
2. The Federal Reserve Banking Act was passed, December 23 Q two days before Christmas. It permitted aliens, through our privately owned Federal Reserve Banks to finance the world wars which were “planned.” Elihu Root blasted this dangerous act in the Senate December 13,1913. (See MONEY MADE MYSTERIOUS- 3rd Book.) 4,000 pages of fine print was later slipped into it! It was cooked up at Baruch’s Jekyl Island in a secret conference.
3. The Anti-Defamation League (ADL) was organized by B’nai B’rith. (Its pressure and intimidation record, and the sad events that happened thereafter, speak for themselves.)
4. The Rockefeller Foundation was established. Thereafter this outfit and the ADL were to cooperate. (Remember the 2 blades of a pair of scissors.)
5. U. S. senators would no longer he selected by the legislatures of each of the states. Thereafter senators would be elected by the masses. This gave the Internationalists and their Controlled Press control of the senators by their control of all communication media. They already had it on the Congressmen.
From this date forward, we were to be lied to, brainwashed and betrayed: Nationalism was thrown out the window for un-American internationalism. The money properly belonging to the citizen was taken from him by the Marxist graduated income tax and squandered by the internationalists through “their controlled government.” Planned and promoted wars followed.
1. As Zionists pushed England into war, U. S. had at the critical Constantinople post (Turkey) Henry Morgenthau, Sr., as Ambassador and Louis Einstein as its special minister.
2 Paul M. Warburg said, at a Congressional hearing: “I only decided to become a citizen after I was convinced the U. S. money system would be reformed.” THE HIDDEN EMPIRE, p. 63.
3. Five men who were later to head various governments (Lenin of Russia, Ebert of Germany, Branting of Sweden, MacDonald of England, Stauning of Denmark) met as members of the International Socialist Bureau of the Second International!
4. Trotsky was introduced and recommended to them (Kuhn, Loeb & Co) by the publisher of the . . . revolutionary newspaper, FORWARD of New York . . . Henry Coston, LES FINANCIERS QUI MENENT LE MONDE, Paris, 1955, p. 114.
5. “One by one the Jews are capturing the principal newspapers of America . . . ” From letter of Sir Cecil Spring-Rice (British Ambassador to U.S.) to Sir Edward Grey (British Foreign Minister), November, 1914.
6. At the start of World War I, Edmond Rothschild told Dr. Chaim Weizmann that “It would spread to the Middle East , where things of great significance to Political Zionism would occur.” FAR AND WIDE, p. 285.
7. Colonel C. Repington recounts a conversation he had (April 5, 1921) with Count Mensdorff, who was Austrian Ambassador in London in 1914, as follows: “Mensdorff thought that Israel had won the War; they had made it, thrived on it, profited by it. It was their supreme revenge on Christianity.” AFTER THE WAR, p. 155, Constable, 1922.
8. Lloyd George, who was counsel for the Zionists in England, was made premier of the English Government and chosen to “perform” during World War I. His secretary was Sir Philip Sassoon Rothschild. AMERICAN MERCURY – KNOW – December, 1958.
9. “The part which Jews all over the world play in white slavery is one of the foulest blots on our people.” JEWISH WORLD, March 18, 1914.
10. “Mr. Paul Moritz Warburg practically controls the financial policy of the Administration.’ Sir Cecil Spring-Rice, British Ambassador to the U. S. From ALL THESE THINGS, by A. N. Field, p. 5.
11. “Assimilation is national suicide.” Louis D. Brandeis before Menorah Society, Columbia University.
1. In 1915, while the U. S. was at peace, Bernard Baruch took part of his annual income of $2,000,000 to finance the training of soldiers to fight in a war which Baruch said he knew was ‘certain.” AMERICAN MERCURY Q October, 1956, p. 83.
1. After months of terrific battle in Congress, Louis D. Brandeis was confirmed as Supreme Court Justice. He is the uncle of Felix Frankfurter, who years later dominated the Supreme Court. Christopher Sykes, son of Sir Mark Sykes, (who was the Secretary of the British War Cabinet) wrote a book TWO STUDIES IN VIRTUE, and, referring to the Balfour Declaration and the, part played by his father in advancing Zionism, Sykes said, – on page 183 of his book:
“He (Mr. James MalcolmQMalkom, a Zionist) then told Sir Mark Skyes of a very curious and powerful influence which Zionists could exert. One of President Wilson’s closest advisers and friends was Justice Louis D. Brandeis, a Jew with the passionate Zionist faith of a recent convert.
“That Wilson was attached to Brandeis by ties of peculiar hardiness, because, so the story ran, in his earlier days the future President had been saved by this man (Brandeis) from appearing in a damaging lawsuit. It was said that Brandeis was regarded by Wilson as the man to whom he owed his career.”
(Researchers said President Wilson was involved in “moral problems” at Princeton University, that Samuel Untermeyer had some damaging letters returned to Wilson after Brandeis was put on the Supreme Court). Re: Mrs. Peck, we quote from others:
“Woodrow Wilson’s friendship with Mrs. Hulbert Peck (of Princeton, New Jersey) . . . lasted for seven years . . . It was wrecked in the end by gossip. The so-called Peck scandal furnished the zest for the whispering campaigns of two Presidential elections . . . Wilson had written hundreds of letters to the charming divorcee.” George S. Viereck 80.283.
“It seems that the Peck letters were finally acquired by the Wilson estate.” George S. Viereck.
“Mrs. Peck never demanded and Woodrow Wilson never paid hush money or blackmail.” (Edward Mandell House) Probably correct Q putting Brandeis on the Supreme Court researchers say was the price the American public paid!
2. “A note drawn up by the American official (intelligence) services and transmitted by the High Commissioner of the French Republic in the United States, contained the following passage: ‘In February 1916, it was learned for the first time that a revolution was being fomented in Russia. It was discovered that the undermentioned persons and concerns were engaged in this enterprise of destruction:
(1) Jacob Schiff; (2) Kuhn, Loeb & Co., Directors: Jacob Schiff, Felix Warburg, Otto Kahn, Mortimer Schiff, Jerome Hanauer; (3) Guggenheim; (4) Max Breitung.” (From the American Consulate, Elbridge D. Rand, American Consul, Geneva, Switzerland, dated January 21, 1929.) National Archives, Dept. of State, Decimal File, 1910-1929, No. 861.4016/325.
3. Of the 63 delegates of the Committee of Russian Revolutionists that met in New York City, 50 were veterans of the 1905 revolution.
4. Zionists secretly cook up Palestine “deal.” Documents available.
5. The notorious “Sunrise Conference” in Washington. The record of this sinister planning was suppressed. (In 1938 the enemy got our Senate Military Affairs Committee to hold a similar conference. Senator Bridges said in the NEW YORK HERALD TRIBUNE, March 2, 1939, “If the American people ever learned what was said there Q the nation would be shocked and stunned.” DEMOCRACY AND WORLD DOMINION, p. 312.
6. President Woodrow Wilson was re-elected on the slogan “He kept us out of war.” (At the same time, he and his foreign advisers were secretly taking steps to involve us in this unnecessary war.)
1. The Bolshevist Revolution was not, as it is called, a revolution, but actually an invasion. DEMOCRACY AND WORLD DOMINION, p. 210.
2. Rabbi Wise says (New York Times 3/24/17): “I believe that of all the achievements of my people, none has been nobler than the part the sons and daughters of Israel have taken in the great movement which has culminated in free Russia” (revolution). From speech of Rabbi Stephen S. Wise March 23, 1917 to the mass meeting celebrating the revolution in Russia.
3. (April) Jacob H. Schiff of Kuhn, Loeb & Co. made a public declaration that it was thanks to his financial help that the Russian Revolution had succeeded.
4. “I have just had a long talk with Simonds of the NEW YORK TRIBUNE. He is prepared to help us (Zionists) to speak with vigor, editorially, on our behalf, but I think a word of yours to him will be important.” Letter of Rabbi Stephen S. Wise to Justice Louis D. Brandeis – May 10.
5. We quote from the JEWISH COMMUNAL REGISTER of New York City: “The firm of Kuhn Loeb & Company floated the largest Japanese war loan of 1904-05 thus making possible the Japanese victory over Russia” . . . “Jacob Schiff financed the enemies of autocratic Russia and used his financial influence to keep Russia from the money markets of the United States.”
6. ” . . . The uprising of July 4, 1917, was intended to overthrow the Provisional Government according to the plans of Lenin and Trotsky. The revolutionaries were disconcerted by the intervention of a solitary regiment which had been withdrawn from the front and scattered themselves. Lenin escaped but Trotsky was arrested. Their cause appeared lost. But the Bolshevists had given proof of their courage, and a telegram arrived to bring them news of the financial support of Jacob Schiff, who was determined to push the Russian Revolution to the end. The importance of these funds placed at the disposal of Lenin and Trotsky in order to foment the Bolshevik insurrection of October, 1917, has not been fully realized. This action overthrew the Kerensky government and set up the Soviet regime. How these funds got to them is known. The United States Government published in October, 1918, a series of official documents entitled The German-Bolshevik Conspiracy.” Henry Coston, LES FINANCIERS QUI MENENT LE MONDE, Paris, p.114.
7. Max Warburg of Hamburg (Sept. 21) opened by cable an account at (Rothschilds) Nya Banken in Stockholm, Sweden for Trotsky (Bronstein).
8. October 17. Zionists dominated England and France, betrayed the Arab-Moslem people and bargained away their Palestine territories. Lawrence of Arabia, an Englisman who was loved, trusted, and respected by the Arabs, returned to the British Government the decorations they gave him. (Shouldn’t Eisenhower, as Commander-in-Charge of the U. S. Armed Forces, also return the valuable military decorations he received from Soviet Russia?)
9. ” . . . Wladimir Olaf Aschberg . . . acted as the intermediary (in Stockholm, Sweden) between Kuhn, Loeb & Co. in New
York City and the firm of Max Warburg (in Hamburg) when they were financing the (Bolshevik) revolution of October, 1917. Aschberg was the head of the Nya Banken in Stockholm and later, in 1921, founded the Russian Commercial Bank. Thanks to this institution he became in a sense the dictator of Soviet finances.” Henry Coston, LES FINANCIERS QUI MENENT LE MONDE, Paris, p. 115.
“In the match between these two heavyweights (the United States and the Soviet Union) the International Finance of the United States will have trained the adversary.” Comte de Saint-Aulaire, GENEVA VERSUS PEACE, London, 1937, p. 75) (Library of Congress: JX1975,S.32) (He was the French Ambassador to the Court of St. James, London, from 1920 until 1924.
10. From the great book WORLD REVOLUTION Q THE PLOT AGAINST CIVILIZATION by the famous English historian, Nesta H. Webster, p. 93, we quote: “In a word, the peasant inherited from the aristocrat; he was disinherited by the usurer. Here is the true history of the disinherited, not in France alone, but in Russia, in Austria, in Poland; everywhere that the worker lives by tilling his own soil the abolition of feudalism has led to the domination of the money-lender, and the money-lender is in most cases a Jew.”
11. We quote from Page 187 of TWO STUDIES IN VIRTUE by Christopher Sykes, as follows:
“Sokolow made a simple request, namely that the Zionist Committee should have facilities for commuications abroad. He pointed out they were an international body – should be granted Governmental privileges.
“It was agreed that the War Office and the Foreign Office would send Zionist letters and telegrams by way of Embassies, Consulates or Headquarters.”
12. Jacob H. Schiff, the leader of Zionists, finances the complete rewriting of the Bible provided it is done under Jewish auspices. See his book p. 63, VII, also AMERICAN MERCURY, July, 1958, p. 120.
13. On Good Friday, April 6, 1917, the conspirators got the United States to foolishly declare World War I on Germany and to become an ally of the Revolutionists who had invaded and now dominate Russia. (It was also on Good Friday, April 14, 1865 that Abraham Lincoln was murdered.)
14. “Official information emanating from Russia itself informed the world that Communism, while barbarously opposed to every form of Christianity, made it a crime for any comrade to utter a single word of reproach against the Jews.”
“The 1917 list of those who, with Lenin, ruled many of the activities of the Soviet Republic, disclosed that of the 25 quasi-cabinet members, 24 of them were atheistic.”
“Between the years 1917 and 1938, more than 20 million Christians were murdered by the Communistic government in Russia.”
“Between these same years, 40 billion dollar of Christian property was appropriated by the Lenins and Trotskys, the Zinofieffs and the Kemeneffs, the Litvinoffs and the Lapinskys – by the atheistic Jews and Gentiles Q both of Russia.”
“Those were the desperate days when Christians were not expelled from their native land but were the targets for the machine gun which beat out its tattoo against human hearts; incredible days when the altars of Christ were desecrated and the servants of Christ were massacred on every multiplying Calvaries.” From nationwide broadcast of Rev. Charles E. Coughlin, Sunday, Nov. 29, 1938.
15. Since 1917, Red Russia has been the land base for the conspirators. Later, evil men in the U. S. financed and industrialized it. AMERICAN MERCURY, January 1959, Mercury’s Opinion, p. 110.
1. ” . . . I think that a Jewish Palestine must become a war aim for America . . . ” Letter of Dr. Chaim Weizmann to Justice Louis D. Brandeis, Supreme Court, dated January 14.
2. Sixty-Fifth Congress, House Document 1868, Exhibit 243, “Paper Relating to Foreign Relations of the United States” contains a whole series of documents showing that the International
Bankers financed Lenin and Trotsky (Bronstein). Transfer of funds started in June, 1917. Document 9 shows that the international banking house of M. Warburg opened an account for Comrade Trotsky to purchase arms, etc. Also Document 12 shows transfer of funds for “agitation against England and France.”
3. Soviet Russia law passed. “From 3/1/18 on, the right to possess women having reached the age of 17 and not more than 32, is abolished. Women proclaimed to be the property of the whole nation. The former owners may retain the right of using their wives without waiting for their turn.” THE HIDDEN EMPIRE, p. 47.
4. The United States Secret Service (2nd Army Bureau) named the persons who financed the Bolsheviks in 1916. The State Department, under Jewish pressure, destroyed this report. As the report remarks: “All Jews.”
5. ‘We are living in a highly, organized state of socialism. The state is all; the individual is of importance only as he contributes to the welfare of the state. His property is only (his) as the state does not need it. He must hold his life and his possessions at the call of the state.” Bernard M. Baruch in THE KNICKERBOCKER PRESS, Albany, New York, August 8, 1918.
(This ties in with (Rothschilds) Alliance Israelite Universelle which sent out bulletins “Nationalities must disappear, religion must be suppressed. But Israel (i.e., Zionism) must not disappear.”)
6. The First World War brought to Edward Rothschild, and his associates, more than one hundred billion dollars of profit. THE SECRET WORLD GOVERNMENT by Major General Count Cherep-Spiridovich.
7. Bolshevist revolutionaries in Russia murdered adults and children of the royal family, and many others, thus launching their regime, in blood.
8. Bernard Baruch, testifying at a Congressional inquiry, said: “I had more power than any other man in the war.”
9. U. S. Government paid Col. E. Mandell House $60,000 for expenses in N.Y.C. (for 6 months, July 1 to December 31, 1918.)
10. Bernard Flexner joins Roger Baldwin and his counsel of Zionist delegation to 1919 Peace Conference. (Records of both of these men speak for themselves.)
11. How these subsidized alien revolutionaries, having invaded Russia, proceeded to murder and rob on a wholesale scale has been recorded by many persons who had the misfortunate to be in Russia during the Bolshevik Revolution. THE ALIEN MENACE, pages 113-114.
12. Those who wish to go further in the history of this plot against civilization should consult the books quoted; also RUSSIA’S RUIN, by Wilcox (Chapman & Hall, 1919). THE ALIEN MENACE, p. 114.
13. See MERCURY article, pages 115-ll6, February, 1958 entitled “Felix Frankfurter and Louis D. Brandeis.” On 3/2/18 they, Frankfurter from Paris and Brandeis in the U.S., were raising a million dollars (for Weizmann to use in London).
14. Very few Christians ever read THE WORLD SIGNIFICANCE OF A JEWISH STATE by Braintruster A. A. Berle. Berle and Herzl had much in common.
1. Of the making of the peace of 1919, Dr. E. J. Dillon of the LONDON DAILY TELEGRAPH wrote in his book THE INSIDE STORY OF THE PEACE CONFERENCE, Harpers, 1920 that the delegates to the Conference from Eastern Europe set down the formula: ” ‘Henceforth the world will be governed by the Anglo-Saxon people, who in turn are swayed by their Jewish elements’ . . . and who regard it as fatal to the peace of Eastern Europe.” Page 497.
2. Between 1919 and 1924, three million recorded immigrants came to the U. S., mostly from Eastern Europe.
3. Professor J. R. Commons of the University of Wisconsin testified before the United States House of Representatives Barking and Currency Committee in 1927 that a member of the Federal Reserve Board had told him that the great inflation of 1919 was deliberately created by the Federal Reserve Board. ALL THESE THINGS by A. N. Field, p. 6.
4. Council of Foreign Relations was launched by Rothschild and Rockefeller at the sinister Versailles Peace meeting. The following two groups were set up to do the job:
I. Royal Institute of International Affairs, London.
II. Council on Foreign Relations, New York City (U.S.)
Annual grants by Rockefeller Foundation provided a direct, continuous method of control of both organizations. Carnegie Foundation and later Rockefeller Foundation were to constitute a gigantic lobby and pressure group serving to brainwash, influence and warp (or ‘mold”) the various nations’ policies. Top officials were influenced to come to the Council of Foreign Relations for “advice” and “guidance.” See facts in reprint WEINBERG REPLACES BARUCH.
5. If you read THE INSIDE STORY OF THE PEACE CONFERENCE (Harpers) by Dr. E. J. Dillon, you will see the characters who put across the vicious Versailles Peace Treaty. It made a subsequent World War inevitable.
6. In the new constitution recently adopted in the USSR we have another interesting provision which bears upon this passing of Russia. The Christian religion has for centuries been the religion of the Slav, as it has been the religion of the other races of Europe. We have seen the record of hatred of the Bolsheviki and the Soviet Government in relation to that religion.
7. In article 124 of the new Soviet constitution we find the following:
“Freedom to perform religious rites and freedom of antireligious propaganda is recognized for all citizens.” Significant as this is, it becomes even more significant when taken in connection with a provision in the preceding article, 123:
“Any direct or indirect restriction of these rights . . . as well as any propagation of racial or national exceptionalism or hatred and contempt, is punishable by law.”
8. The following extracts are quotes from the testimony of those who appeared before the U. S. Senate Overman Committee. Also printed in DEMOCRACY AND WORLD DOMINION, per pages listed.
“The leaders of the movement, I should say, are about two-thirds Russian Jews.” William C. Huntington, Commercial Attache of the United States Embassy at Petrograd from June, 1913, to September, 1918. Page 69.
“In Russia it is well known that three-fourths of the Bolshevist leaders are Jewish.” Mr. Welsh, for two years a junior officer of the National City Bank in Russia. Page 269.
“When the Bolsheviki came into power, all over Petrograd we at once had a predominance of Yiddish proclamations, big posters, and everything in Yiddish.” Dr. Simons, Pastor of the Methodist Church in Petrograd, p. 142.
In the YALE REVIEW in an article entitled The World Menace, Mr. Henry C. Emery LL.D., former chairman of the United States Tariff Board supported this testimony. “No one who ever made a visit to Smolny Institute, when that was the headquarters of the Bolshevist government in Petrograd, could fail to understand how easy it is to get the impression that the Jews have at last seized power.”
9. Potent international financial interests were at work (at the Peace Conference) in favor of the immediate recognition of the Bolshevists. Those influences had been largely responsible for the Anglo-American proposal in January (19l9) to call Bolshevist representatives to Paris at the beginning of the Peace Conference . . . The well known American-Jewish banker, Mr Jacob Schiff, was known to be anxious to secure recognition for the Bolshevists . . . and Tchitcherin, the Bolshevist Commissar for Foreign Affairs, had revealed the meaning of the January proposal by offering extensive commercial and economic concessions in return for recognition.”
Henry Wickham Steed, THROUGH THIRTY YEARS, New York 1924 Vol. 2, p 301. Mr. Steed was the Editor of THE TIMES, London. Library of Congress D 397. S75.
10. Victor Marsden, the (London) MORNING POST reporter who spent many months in Russia, stated that “among the 545 leading Bolshevik officials there were 377 Jews at the birth of Bolshevism.”
11. The German people were robbed and weakened by inflation. As a result of the international bankers’ conspiracy, it took a billion-mark stamp (5 billion pre-war dollars) to send one letter in Germany.
12. British War Cabinet issues official “White Paper” listing Kuhn, Loeb & Co. and other Zionist bankers who financed Red Russian Revolution.
13. In March, Third International was organized by Zionists. See H. Fish Report.
14. March 1, Capt. Schuyler reported. Here are exact quotes from document in our possession:
“You will think I am hot about this matter (Bolshevism) but it is I feel sure one which is going to bring great trouble on the United States when the judgment of history shall be recorded on the part we have played. It is very largely our fault that Bolshevism has spread as it has….” From confidential report of Capt. Montgomery Schuyler, Chief United States Army Intelligence Officer, Omsk, Siberia, to Lt. Col. David Prescott Barrows, Intelligence Officer, American Expeditionary Forces, Vladivostok, Siberia, March 1,1919, p. 2. National Archives, Military Intelligence Files.
15. ” . . . The prime movers (for the recognition of the Bolshevists at the Peace Conference in 1919) were Jacob Schiff, Warburg and other international financiers, who wished above all to boIster up the Jewish Bolshevists.” Henry Wickham Steed, THROUGH THIRTY YEARS, New York, 1924, Vol. 2, p. 302. Library of Congress: D 397. S 75.
16. ” . . . Trotsky was furnished large sums of money in America and . . . sent to Russia.” Erich Ludendorff, KRIEGSHETZE UND VOLKERMORDEN IN DEN LETZTEN 150 JAHREN. Muenchen, 1936, p. 149. General Ludendorff was Commander-in-Chief of the German Army in World War I. Library of Congress: D 359. L 86, 1939.
17. “The collapse of these three Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia) in their old form represents a considerable gain for the carrying on of a Jewish national policy, and the fact that the same war, which brought about the world-wide recognition of Zionism, also brought about the fall of three anti-Jewish powers, is a unique coincidence which may well give cause for thought.” DER JUDE, Vol. 3, p. 449, Dr. Martin Buber, Publisher, Berlin 1918-1919.
18. The Communist Party was set up in the U. S. on September 1, 1919. William Z. Foster (wife, Esther Abramovich) became its first general secretary. THE DAILY WORKER, the Communist New York daily, began its first publication about the same time.
19. The Versailles Peace Conference imposed on Germany the harsh conditions that sent the nation reeling toward Communism, depression, and finally despotism.
20. Bernard Baruch was invited to become the Soviet Union’s peace-time adviser on industry and resources.
21. Dr. Weizmann said “we do not aspire to found a Zionist State. We cannot hope to rule in a country in which only 1/7th of the population at present are Jews.” FAR AND WIDE, p. 318.
22. In the hearings before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Sixty-Sixth Congress, Document 106, p. 536, we quote:
Senator McCumber questions President Woodrow Wilson: “Do you think if Germany had committed no act of war or no act of injustice against our citizens that we would have gotten into this war?”
President Wilson: “I do think so.”
Senator McCumber: “You think we would have gotten in anyway?”
President Wilson: “I do.”
23. Poisonous propaganda started to flow into the minds of United States citizens.
24. “Jewish hopes for the future depend on two linchpins. One is the League of Nations idea, and the other is the British Government, and we need scarcely say that we refer to Jewish hopes in the widest application of the term.” THE JEWISH WORLD, London, January 15,1919 (No. 2392), p. 5
“There must be a proper lookout for the civic and political rights and the status of Jews in various countries unless there be established a Power above all nations . . . ” as above, p. 5.
25. “Peace” Conference in Paris in 1919 made the resumption of war inevitable, owing to its impossible financial clauses.
At this conference the chief financial adviser to the German delegation was Dr. Carl Melchior, partner of Max Warburg, whose brothers Paul and Felix were partners of Jacob Schiff, in Kuhn, Loeb & Co. The chief economic adviser to the American delegation was Bernard M. Baruch, the dictator of the all-powerful War Industries Board in America during the war and an associate in business of Jacob H. Schiff. The British economic delegation was headed by Lord Cunliffe, former Governor of the Bank of England and a partner in the international Jewish banking house of Goschen (ancestral cityQLeipzig, Germany). In connection with this conference, Lloyd George wrote in his memoirs: “They (the international bankers) swept statesmen, politicians, jurists and journalists all on one side and issued their orders with an imperiousness of absolute monarchs who knew that there was no appeal from their ruthless decrees.” DEADLIER THAN THE H BOMB, p. 47.
26. The second reason for large scale Communist exploitation of the United States was our traditional lack of any laws prohibiting or regulating immigration into the United states and our negligence or politics in enforcing immigration laws when they had been passed (Chapter II, IRON CURTAIN OVER AMERICA.) “The illegal entry of aliens into the United State] is one of the most serious and difficult problems confronting the Immigration and Naturalization Service . . . Since the end of World War II, the problem of illegal entry has increased tremendously . . . There is ample evidence that there is an alarmingly large number of aliens in the United States in an illegal status. Under the alien registration act of 1940 some 5,000,000 aliens were registered.” THE IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SYSTEMS OF THE UNITED STATES, pp. 629, 630.
The third principal reason for the Communist exploitation of the United States was the absence of any effective policy regarding resident foreigners even when their activities are directed toward the overthrow of the government. Thus in 1950 several hundreds of thousands of foreigners, among the millions illegally in this country, were arrested and released for want of adequate provisions for deporting them.
As shown in Chapter II, “persons of Khazar background or traditions had entered the United States in large numbers in the waves of immigration between 1880 and the outbreak of World War I in 1914. The Soviet seizure of Russia took place in 1917, however, and the hey-clay for Communist-inclined immigrants from Eastern Europe was the five-year period between the end of World War I (1919) and the passage of the 1924 law restricting immigration. Recorded immigrants to this country in that brief span of time amounted to approximately 3 million and large numbers of newcomers were from Eastern Europe.” THE IRON CURTAIN OVER AMERICA by John Beaty, p. 45.
27. Lenin said: “The first World War gave us Russia, while the Second World War will hand Europe to us.” (Note the certainty of World War II. It came, “as planned” – 2O years later.)
The urging of dual loyalty by Dr. Nahum Goldman, who is president of the World Zionist Movement and also president of the World Jewish Congress makes real Americans very concerned. See AMERICAN MERCURY, June, 1959, This Is What They Said, p. 146.
Events That Have Confirmed
the Research Summarized in
the Preceding Manuscript:
1. Five million dollars worth of research by the late Henry Ford resulted in the production of THE INTERNATIONAL JEW. This almost cost Mr. Ford his life and his company.
2. The Outline is consistent with the PROTOCOLS OF THE LEARNED ELDERS OF ZION, smuggled out of Russia and translated by a great English journalist. When the Jews told Mr. Ford that the PROTOCOLS were a forgery, he said: “I don’t believe they are a forgery, but whatever they are they fit what is going on as the Jew attempts to gain world power.”
3. By manipulations involving the First World War and the Second World War, the Jews were able to steal $20,000,000,000.00 (Twenty Billion dollars) worth of real estate, drive millions of helpless Arabs Q both Christian and Moslem Q into a desert to starve, die and suffer and establish what intelligent observers refer to as the counterfeit State of Israel. In the fulfillment of this project, they indulged in genocide, napalm slaughter and every known form of barbarism that could be meted out to an oppressed and defeated people.
4. In 1967 they seized the entire Holy Land and invaded Jordan and Egypt and announced their purpose through their Number One Zionist spokesman, Ben-Gurion, who said, “We shall make of this the Supreme Court of Mankind.”
5. Although the Jew Zionists helped create the United Nations, they fouled their own brood and they were completely condemned by the United Nations, representing the reaction and the awakening of world-wide sentiment.
6. Jew Zionists have organized a world-wide screaming and complaining campaign against the Soviet Union because of its alleged mistreatment of the Jews. There is no way to know whether this means that the Jews have now ‘fouled their brood’ in the Soviet Union or whether it is a false front to mislead the world in preparation for the day when the Soviet Union will join with the Zionists in subduing the Arabs and capturing two-thirds of the world’s oil supply. It is important, however, that every reader of this manuscript have a photostatic copy of the Report of Military Intelligence referred to in Item 7 on Page 29 which reveals that out of approximately 300 commissars in the first Communist government of Russia, 284 were Jews from New York and scattered portions of America.
The following books are listed in the same order as they were mentioned in above article.
THE JEWISH STATE by Theodor Herzl, 1896,
ZIONIST NETWORK by Senator Jack B. Tenney, Standard Publications, P. O. Box 2003, Sacramento, California
FOUNDATIONS OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY by H. S. ChamberIain, Vol. I
DEMOCRACY AND WORLD DOMINION by Edwin D. Schoonmaker, Richard R. Smith, New York, 1939
THE WORLD CONQUERORS by Louis Marschalko, Joseph Sueli Publications, London, 1958
THE WORLD AT THE CROSS ROADS by Boris Brasol, Boston, 1921. . . ROCKEFELLER: GIANT, DWARF, SYMBOL by William H. Allen, Institute for Public Service, New York, 1930
JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA, 1906
DEADLIER THAN THE H-BOMB by Commander Leonard Young…
INTERNATIONAL JEW by Henry Ford, Sr….
THE UNSEEN EMPIRE OF FINANCE by E. Alexander Powell
ALL THESE THINGS by A. N. Field
THE GENESIS OF THE WAR, New York, 1923
THE ALIEN MENACE by Lt. Colonel A. H. Lane, Boswell Printing & Publishing Co., Ltd., 10 Essex St. Strand, London, W. C. 1, 1932
PHILIP DRU, ADMINISTRATOR by Col. E. Mandell House
FAR AND WIDE by Douglas Reed, Jonathan Cape, 30 Bedford Square, London, 1951
THE HIDDEN EMPIRE, published in London
AFTER THE WAR, published by Constable in 1922
TWO STUDIES IN VIRTUE by Christopher Sykes
LES FINANCIERS QUI MENENT LE MONDE, by Henry Coston, Paris .
GENEVA VERSUS PEACE by Comte de Saint-Aulaire, London, 1937
WORLD REVOLUTIONQTHE PLOT AGAINST CIVILIZATION by Nester H. Webster, London
JACOB H. SCHIFF, HIS LIFE & LETTERS by Jacob H. Schiff
THE SECRET WORLD GOVERNMENT by Major General Count Cherep-Spiridovich, New York, 1921
THE WORLD SIGNIFICANCE OF A JEWISH STATE by A. A. Berle
THE INSIDE STORY OF THE PEACE CONFERENCE by Dr. E. J. Dillon, Harpers, 1920
THROUGH THIRTY YEARS by Henry Wickham Steed, New York 1924
KRIEGSHETZE UND VOLKERMORDEN IN DEN LETZEN 150 JAHREN, Muenchen, 1933
DER JUDE by Dr. Martin Buber, Publisher, Berlin, Vol. 3 1918-19 .
IRON CURTAIN OVER AMERICA by John Beaty.
FOUR DEAD BRITISH TROOPS RETURNED HOME IN BODY BAGS THIS LAST WEEK- TODAY SUNDAY IT’S REPORTED YET ANOTHER SOLDIER HAS BEEN KILLED IN AFGHANISTAN….
ZOG HAVE NO LOYALTY TO OUR LADS AND LASSES- ISRAELS CANNON FODDER! | <urn:uuid:774c063b-d7fd-4f44-9f74-002bdecadc55> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://centurean2.wordpress.com/2011/11/27/1908-the-socialists-financed-by-the-international-banking-group-said-they-would-in-the-future-bury-the-whole-capitalist-system/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00016-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949321 | 14,926 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Why I Went Solar features homes and businesses that have chosen to go solar.
Name: Peter & Susan Gorr
Occupation: Peter: retired Marketing Director, Susan: High School Science Teacher
City & State: Palatine, IL
What made you go solar?
As parents and grandparents who accept and take the science of climate change seriously, we felt a responsibility to change those parts of our lifestyle that contribute to this most serious of all global crises. Upon review of our lifestyle, we could see our energy consumption practices, both the source and the amount we use, were where we could make the greatest impact. While becoming more efficient is important, easy, and saves money, it wasn’t enough. The change to a clean energy source was the other side of the coin. Being located in a suburb of Chicago as well as the design and orientation of the back of our house (facing directly south) made solar the most logical and effective choice for us.
Besides the obvious environmental benefits of transitioning our individual use of energy from dirty to clean, the other motivating factors were that this transition is good for the local economy in that we used a local small business to sell and install the system as well as the national economy in that we specified that the equipment must be manufactured in the USA. This contributed to job growth and keeping all our energy dollars in the US. This is important for national security and reducing our dependence of foreign sources some of whom frankly hate us. Last but not least, while we entered the project expecting it to ultimately cost us more than just leaving our situation as is, it made us wealthier the day we flipped the switch due to the added value we placed on our home, the monthly savings we enjoy, and the sale of Renewable Energy Credits (RECs), all of which add up to more than the out of pocket price we paid for the system.
How is your life different after you went solar?
Besides the wealth creation mentioned above and peace of mind that the change brings (see next section) which is extremely important, actually our home life has changed very little. I believe that is a major fear many people have about “going green”. They fear that life will change dramatically and be harder, more expensive, and less convenient. What they fail to realize is that this is 21st century technology not 18th century technology like coal. Some of the people who stand to benefit the most are miners and well workers who risk their health and lives to deliver fuel when their skills can be transitioned to safe, comfortable, and plentiful clean energy careers.
Personally because I am so happy with the results and benefits that I now speak to local groups and write about our experience. There are so many myths and misconceptions about solar technology and the industry doesn’t have the financial resources to communicate the real story unlike their competition who has resorted to making up stories (“clean coal”). This has proven to be immensely enjoyable and introduced me to so many interesting and interested people.
What’s the best part about being solar?
While we entered the project to make a statement that one can live more responsibly and economically, the unanticipated emotion that we experienced after the installation was one of liberation. We had always considered energy usage as something to be avoided if for no other reason than economic. Adding to that was the increasing important negative pollution and global warming issues that conventional energy usage contributes to. Now energy is our friend. When we flip on a light it doesn’t matter. While it is never advisable to waste anything, our energy use doesn’t cost us anything since the fuel is free and the equipment is paid for. We produce no pollution or greenhouse gases. We use no water and the land was already occupied by the house that the system rests on and we are not using up finite resources. We also do not need energy companies to threaten some of the most sensitive and beautiful places on earth in attempts to discover new sources of fuel or our military to fight wars and spend billions in maintaining access to foreign fuel sources.
What tips do you have for others who want to go solar?
Start looking into it. If not you, then who? If not now, then when? Climate change is a global imperative with each day that we emit more CO2 than the planet can handle the situation gets worse. We are handing our children for generations to come problems that we caused but they will have to pay for in more ways than just financially. If someone can’t go all in, start small and expand later…but start.
ASES holds its annual National Solar Tour every fall. | <urn:uuid:61a7f7d0-b1af-4e4d-bd27-397121335018> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ases.org/2012/10/going-solar-gorr-residence/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00556-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962059 | 942 | 1.617188 | 2 |
On October 16th, World Food Day will call attention to the crucial role that small-scale family farmers play in creating a more sustainable global food system – and it couldn’t come at a more opportune time. As the global population approaches nine billion by the year 2050, nourishing the world and preserving diminishing environmental resources presents a daunting challenge. Over the coming week, Food Tank will highlight the many ways in which small-scale farmers – both urban and rural – are growing healthy, nutritious food for their communities while protecting the planet.
Today, the 2013 Food Sovereignty Prize is being awarded to the Group of 4 and the Dessalines Brigade/La Via Campesina. Their work exemplifies the power of family farmers who are ensuring food and nutrition security, protecting the environment, and improving livelihoods. We applaud their efforts and hope they inspire other farmers, eaters, businesses, and governments to make the food system more environmentally, economically, and socially just. And we urge the funding and donor communities to give them more attention, more research, and ultimately more investment to be replicated and scaled-up in developing and industrialized countries alike.
October 16th is World Food Day, an opportunity to celebrate the thousands of other farmers and groups working in fields, kitchens, schools, and laboratories around the world to improve food and nutrition security, increase incomes, raise yields, and protect biodiversity.
We’re also excited to participate in an event, Food, Land, and Small Planet Producers, on Thursday in Ames, Iowa to honor the work of women farmers. Oxfam America is coordinating the event and speakers include Frances Moore Lappe, Harriet Nakabaale, and Kijoolu Kaliya.
To celebrate the winners of Food Sovereignty Prize and World Food Day, Food Tank has chosen to recognize initiatives giving family farmers the support that they need to produce healthy crops that feed their communities.
These five initiatives are working to support farmers growing indigenous, nutrient-rich crops all over the world. It’s important that these efforts be scaled up on a global level to expand access to healthy produce, promote enviromentally sustainable farming practices, and preserve traditional diets.
1. The Indigenous Plants for Health and Wellness Program (IPHWP) was created by the Republic of the Philippines’ Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR). The program studies Philippine environmental biodiversity, focusing on indigenous food crops to combat malnutrition. Throughout the research process, BAR collect species varieties in an effort to conserve the country’s rich plant varieties. With data, preservation, and research, BAR works toward building awareness of the importance of nutrient-rich indigenous plants, while creating new markets for local production.
2. In Kenya, Mary Abukutsa-Onyango, professor of horticulture at the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), has helped farmers cultivate indigenous crops including amaranth, black nightshade, and Bambara nuts for consumption. Abukutsa-Onyango’s project also helps instruct farmers how to preserve these crops, once harvested, to help maintain maximum nutritional value.
3. Fundatia ADEPT is a biodiversity conservation organization in Romania helping local farmers use agroecological management practices to take care of their land, including cultivating indigenous species of plants and animals. Fundatia ADEPT works with individuals, communities, universities, and other governments to conserve agricultural ecosystems in the Transylvania region, and cultivate and protect more than 50 native species of edible plants.
4. As an original founding farm of the Navajo Family Farms (NFF) project, the North Leupp Family Farm (NLFF) works to improve the health and well-being of native North American peoples through sustainable agriculture and indigenous foods. NLFF advocates for the cultural revitalization of the Diné community, focusing primarily on farming techniques and crop varieties native to central Arizona. NLFF also teaches community members, particularly youth, about the significance of native plants and crops in traditional culinary arts through educational programs.
5. The University of Canberra received a grant for nearly AU$800,000 (approximately US$780,000) from the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research to study the practices of women smallholder vegetable farmers in Papua New Guinea. The purpose of the project is to provide education and resources to enable these farmers, whose vegetable cultivation is usually restricted to household use, to sell their crops commercially. | <urn:uuid:af195cfa-3a90-4ca7-a79f-0bee60f6d629> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://foodtank.com/news/2013/10/five-initiatives-supporting-small-scale-farmers-growing-indigenous-crops/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.920294 | 914 | 2.75 | 3 |
The prospect of abortion being legalised in Ireland moved a step closer at the weekend after an advisory group of members of the public indicated they would like to see radical reform to the country's abortion laws.
Abortion is currently illegal in almost all circumstances in Ireland. The eighth amendment of the constitution states that the procedure can only be carried out if a women's life is in immediate danger.
On Saturday, 87% of the 99 members of the Citizens' Assembly – a group of ordinary people established by prime minister Enda Kenny to advise on changes to the law regarding several key issues – voted in favour of repealing the eighth amendment.
Any change to the law would need to be supported by a public referendum, the terms of which would be informed by conclusions reached by the assembly and decided by a government committee that is now being established.
While campaigners for increased access to abortion had expected the assembly to support some degree of change to the law, they did not anticipate that its recommendations would sway so far in the favour of unconditional choice.
Sixty-four per cent of members felt women should be able to access abortion for any reason, as opposed to solely in the cases of rape, incest, or health concerns such as fatal foetal abnormality.
Ailbhe Smyth, the convenor of the Coalition to Repeal the Eighth Amendment – a group of more than 80 charities campaigning for abortion rights in Ireland – told BuzzFeed News she found the liberal stance taken by the assembly "incredibly heartening".
"It’s a huge milestone," she said. "It’s absolutely momentous to find 99 people who were in the room, who have no prior commitment to this issue, coming to the conclusion that the best way forward is ensuring women can get abortions in this country for a very wide range of reasons.
"I think most of us felt quite overwhelmed by the extent to which things like socioeconomic reasons were considered by assembly members.
"It’s indicating that people are recognising very specifically and explicitly that women have abortions for all kinds of reasons, and while many of them have to do with health, in fact the majority probably don’t."
Rita Harrold, a spokesperson for ROSA ("for Reproductive rights, against Oppression, Sexism and Austerity"), agreed that considering abortion rights for socioeconomic as well as health reasons was groundbreaking.
"It’s a clear, progressive recommendation," Harrold told us. "I think it’s really indicative of the fact that while a lot of people wouldn’t necessarily want an abortion for themselves, they understand that having a child is a very difficult thing and a huge financial burden.
"In Ireland, the group most likely to live in poverty are single parents, and the majority of those are women. I think it shows a clear basis on which we can win support for repeal on that ground."
Of the 64% of members of the assembly who voted that women should be able to access abortion for any reason, 48% believed this should be permitted up to 12 weeks of gestation, and 44% agreed abortion should be allowed up to 22 weeks. 8% did not think there needed to be a limit on gestational age.
In the UK (Northern Ireland aside), although abortion is not technically legal, women can access abortion up to 24 weeks if the pregnancy poses her a mental or physical risk and at any stage if there is a substantial risk the child will be born with severe physical or mental abnormalities.
"The possibility of requesting an abortion for no reason up to 12 weeks is very positive, and while that won’t suit everyone, it will help most people," Harrold said. "Most abortions are early abortions."
There had been some concern that only "small doses of abortion" would be permitted, such as in the cases of fatal foetal abnormality, where a foetus is not expected to survive the pregnancy, Smyth said. She added that she found it very interesting there had been an active move by the assembly to push for wider choice on abortion.
"I think that it's really an indication on how people’s thinking is opening up and evolving very fast in this country about abortion," she said. "The topic of abortion was previously in lockdown except for in a very divisive way for such a long time."
Harrold felt that the assembly's decision "really knocks on the head the idea that we can bring in a 'good' regime of morally approved abortion".
The exact terms of a referendum would need to be decided by a government committee, a process which it's thought could take up to six months. The committee would be informed by a report on the conclusions of the Citizens' Assembly, which will be submitted by the assembly's chair, Justice Mary Laffoy, by June.
Harrold noted that considerations such as how women, particularly those of limited financial means, would access abortion services within Ireland's partially privatised healthcare system needed to be addressed. While those on low incomes are able to access health services for free at the point of use using a medical card, the issuing of such cards is means-tested and can potentially take longer than 12 weeks.
"When we say we want abortion up to 12 weeks, we want a high-quality service which is easy to access – we don’t mean something that people can be excluded from," she said.
There is also concern that the government's plan to give the new €300 million National Maternity Hospital in Dublin to the Religious Sisters of Charity, an order of nuns, would severely restrict the hospital's ability to carry out abortions.
On Saturday, the bishop of Elphin said that if the nuns were to be made responsible for running the hospital, it would have to adhere to "Catholic teachings about the value of human life and the dignity and the ultimate destiny of the human person".
But Smyth remained confident the government would have to act meaningfully on the recommendations, particularly as it was the prime minister himself who had set up the Citizens' Assembly for this purpose.
"It would be really difficult for them to ignore those recommendations," she said. "They really can’t do that without losing face politically and facing real public pressure."
Smyth said she and her fellow campaigners felt "vindicated" that there seemed genuine public support for the case around choice they have been arguing for decades.
"It’s the right time to be doing it because people are coming to a much more open view," she said. "Now, it feels like it's very much more 'live and let live' than disapproval and judgment." | <urn:uuid:2976d6a2-c935-4b61-8848-56a5f1cd5595> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.buzzfeed.com/laurasilver/ireland-just-reached-a-milestone-in-its-fight-to-legalise?utm_term=.vk5Pme8PZg | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.979972 | 1,366 | 1.867188 | 2 |
At the BMW plant in Leipzig, the second production line for battery modules has started series production. The new production line manufactures battery modules for the all-electric BMW i4, which is being built at the Munich plant.
The first production line in Leipzig had opened in May 2021, supplying battery modules for the BMW iX. The first battery assembly line was built on the former production areas of the i8 hybrid sports car. The inauguration of a second production line in 2022 was already announced around the time of the first line’s commissioning. BMW does not specify where the battery modules for the i4 were previously assembled in the announcement.
The second assembly line has now been built on the space in Leipzig that became available after production of the i3 ended. The components pass through a total of 196 stations before the battery module is ready for transport to Munich. The purchased cells are first subjected to plasma cleaning and then painted to “ensure optimal insulation”, according to BMW. The painted cells are then assembled into modules.
The finished battery modules are then mounted in an aluminium housing together with the connections to the vehicle, control units and cooling units. “The size and shape of the housing and the number of battery modules used differ depending on the vehicle variant,” BMW writes. Even within the i4, modules of different sizes are known to be installed – the modules in the underbody differ from those installed under the rear seats and in the gimbal tunnel.
BMW says it has invested around 70 million euros in the new production line. The carmaker has created around 250 jobs for the assembly of the i4 battery modules, while the Leipzig plant employs more than 700 people in the entire area of EV component production, according to the statement.
“Today’s launch of Leipzig’s second battery module production line makes an important contribution to delivering the battery components needed to make a growing number of electrified vehicles,” said Markus Fallböhmer, head of engine and electric drive production at the BMW Group. The continuous expansion of EV component production contributes to the BMW Group’s goal of achieving at least half of its sales with fully electric vehicles by 2030.
For this reason, the electric drive production area at the Leipzig plant is to be further expanded and made more flexible as early as next year, BMW said. Details on the next expansion stages are not yet given, but more jobs are to be created. After module assembly for the iX and i4, the Leipzig plant will probably also produce the modules for the next generation of the Mini Countryman, which will also roll off the production line as a BEV in Leipzig from 2023. The announcement does not mention the BMW iX1, which will also be built in Leipzig as a sister model of the Countryman.
– ADVERTISEMENT – | <urn:uuid:2127afc6-d005-459b-8056-9d04a6607b2c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.electrive.com/2022/08/01/bmw-opens-second-battery-module-production-line-in-leipzig/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.952378 | 600 | 1.601563 | 2 |
"No Lifeguard on Duty," read the sign in the sand. "Parents: Children Are Your Responsibility. Keep Them Within Arms Reach."
If only it were that simple for the mothers and the fathers of blooming youth. Jamieson Kuhlmann, a 15-year-old boy from the Beach, died playing lacrosse on Victoria Day after absorbing what's been described as a routine, legal hit.
The playing field had been a venue for important life lessons for a young man finding his way. The game had been a refuge and a social network and a passion. And yet the game took Jamieson away, perhaps because there's no lifeguard from cruel chance, no parent's arms with omnipotent reach.
"It's a freak accident," said Brodie Merrill, Jamieson's coach. "You can't make sense of it. There's no way to. There's no rhyme or reason to it. But the one great thing about this is that Jamieson had a great story to tell and now a lot of people are starting to see that."
Yesterday, a day after a private funeral, the boy's family and friends gathered at the Balmy Beach Club to share that story and celebrate a life cut too short. He was heralded, though a teenager, as a teacher who, by embracing positive changes in his own life, set an example not to be forgotten.
"We just feel really fortunate to have known Jamieson," said Merrill. "We're thankful to have had him in our lives."
It was pointed out that some eight families of ailing children are thankful to have Jamieson in their lives: his organs, donated by the family, have found life-changing homes. But clear-headed perspective, so soon after such tragedy, had yet to come to all of Jamieson's peers.
"There's a lot of anger," said Peter Gibson, the team's trainer and a family spokesperson. "They don't understand how their good friend could go like this."
Jamieson's teammates from The Hill Academy, a sports-focused private school in Kleinburg, came to honour him clad in red T-shirts bearing their academy's logo and Kuhlmann's jersey number 45. Many of Jamieson's fellow members of The Beaches Lacrosse Club, where he'd been learning and playing the game since age 5, wore their blue-and-gold uniforms.
They mingled, smiled and cried, at the Balmy Beach Club at the foot of Beech Ave., one of this city's oldest meeting places for the sports minded.
The Balmy Beach rugby-football team won the Grey Cup in 1927 and 1930, and the members have been mowing the lawn-bowling green just up the hill for more than a century.
And though the club is unaffiliated with the neighbourhood lacrosse association, it's only a short walk down the shore to the lacrosse box where Jamieson and so many kids have followed the bouncing ball for generations.
It's an ancient game, and more than occasionally brutal. But few in the crowd could recall another match of the original national sport called on account of death. A few years back a 22-year-old Ivy League lacrosse player died after he was struck by a ball to the chest. On Sunday an ex-major league baseball player, Geremi Gonzalez, died after he was struck by lightning on a beach.
It's death, random and depressing, but some take from it a lesson. As the gathering was urged yesterday in Jamieson's memory, love, laugh, pursue one's passions. And play. There is no guarantee of another game. | <urn:uuid:f7d58a52-e82a-4ba2-9ee4-312937de2151> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.thestar.com/sports/amateur/2008/05/28/lacrosse_players_friends_gather_to_celebrate_a_life_cut_too_short.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00004-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.98225 | 758 | 1.578125 | 2 |
- By Dana Sparks
Tablet Computers Can Be Used When Reading EEG Results
Physicians at Mayo Clinic in Arizona have shown that tablet computers can be used to analyze electroencephalogram (EEG) results outside of the clinic or hospital. The study was done to determine whether a computer tablet is an acceptable alternative to the traditional laptop for remote EEG interpretation. Matthew Hoerth, M.D., a neurologist at Mayo Clinic in Arizona, says, “The fact that this gives doctors the ability to read EEG results from anywhere can only help patients in the long run."
Click here for the news release
Sound bites with Dr. Hoerth are available in the downloads
Expert title for broadcast: Dr. Matthew Hoerth, Mayo Clinic Neurologist | <urn:uuid:00ab728f-d57c-4264-bbdf-4d66d38d3dbf> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/tablet-computers-can-be-used-when-reading-eeg-results/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00018-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.87136 | 158 | 2.859375 | 3 |
In the Hebrew school parking lot on Wednesday night, my son and I witnessed another little boy howling at the moon. “Sure glad I’m not a Jewish werewolf,” I said to my kid. “You would miss all the holidays.” It’s true–the Hebrew calendar assures that many Jewish holidays fall on the full moon, including Passover, Sukkot and Hanukkah. If you transform into a wolf when the moon is full, no matzah or latkes for you.
Tonight minor yet intriguing holiday, Tu Bishvat, called Hag La-Ilanot, the tree holiday, is no exception. Even its name, the 15th of Shevat, is a clue–because all Hebrew months start on the new moon. The holiday could be called the birthday of trees, since it was the date that Jews in ancient Israel used to figure out the age of their trees in order to know when to bring fruit from them to the Temple in Jerusalem on Shavuot. A highly technical date, Tu Bishvat has been transformed into a holiday celebrating agriculture in the land of Israel, kabbalistic theories of the universe and environmental consciousness.
When I was a kid, we celebrated Tu Bishvat by eating raisins and almonds in Hebrew school and by buying trees in Israel through the Jewish National Fund. We also sang a little song in Hebrew about almond trees, “Ha-Shkediyah Porachat.” (It’s not easy to transliterate the Hebrew word for almond tree.) The lyrics mean something like, “the almond trees are blooming, the golden sun is shining, on the top of every roof, birds sing to herald the holiday.” My friend taught me an alternate version that fits the weather here much better:
The almond tree is freezing, the apple tree is sneezing
If you think that this is spring, I can sell you anything
Tu Bishvat is here, Hag La-Ilanot
Tu Bishvat is here, where’s my overcoat?
I went searching for the original version of the song, and found this adorable Spanish-speaking family getting all excited about the almond trees and cyclamen in Israel:
Today, it’s become increasingly common for people to celebrate Tu Bishvat with a seder, a mystical practice that compares the peels and seeds of fruit to the inner nature of everything. We ran a great piece by Aaron Kagan about his interfaith Tu Bishvat seder that he had last year. I also found a cool little article with recipes on The Jew and the Carrot A Tu Bishvat Seder for Every Personality.
We’re actually invited to a Tu Bishvat seder tonight at my havurah–but we aren’t going. I can’t imagine how we are going to have enough energy even to eat the stuffed cabbage I prepared last night. (Which has fruit in it! Yes!)
If you are interested in an opportunity to think about the environment, to appreciate your local trees, and to think about mystical connections–and most important if you are not a werewolf– Tu Bishvat is the holiday for you.
Note: All comments on InterfaithFamily are moderated. Any comment that is offensive or inappropriate will be removed.
Click here to comment using your InterfaithFamily Network login. | <urn:uuid:0672668b-5407-4601-add6-3242b1d6dfd0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.interfaithfamily.com/blog/iff/shabbat-and-other-holidays/glad-i-am-not-a-werewolf-and-can-eat-fruit/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00145-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944951 | 726 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Nothing beats wearing a stylish pair of sunnies. The right colour, shape and size can add to your confidence and appeal and say something about your individuality, much like any other accessory in your ensemble. However, don’t forget that besides being a style statement its key function is to protect your eyes from harmful UV rays that can sometimes cause irreversible eye damage. UV rays can cause a range of eye problems, including macular degeneration leading to loss of vision and cataracts.
If you already suffer from some sort of vision impairment or are experiencing eye trouble, speak to your optometrist for a pair of prescription sunglasses. If you plan on purchasing non-prescription sunglasses, educate yourself on the various types of lenses available like polarised sunnies for example to make an informed decision.
Let’s look at some important characteristics to keep in mind when choosing a pair of sunglasses.
Sunniest that provides full protection against UV light is an absolute must. Without this protection, you are spending your money on an item that only serves as a fashion statement and not something that is meant to protect your eyes from regular and/or prolonged sun exposure. Check the label to see if it blocks 99-100% of all UVA and UVB rays. If your lens provides UV 400 protection, then so much the better. This means that your lenses protect your eyes from even the smallest UV rays.
These lenses are a good option if you spend a lot of time driving or engaging in water sports as the lenses can reduce eye strain caused by the glare that is reflected off surfaces like the road or water. They do not however necessarily provide UV protection. When choosing Polaroid lenses, check the label to make sure your lens also protects you against UV rays. Polaroid lenses can ease eye strain and take away the need to squint under bright sunlight.
The Right Fit
It is important to have your sunglasses sit snugly over your eyes to give you the benefit of the protection it is meant to provide. Ill-fitting sunnies will not protect you as well as they should. You should feel no tightness or discomfort even when wearing your sunglasses for extended periods. Check for size printed as three consecutive numbers on the arm of the sunglasses to see if they correspond to a pair, you already have that fit well on you. If you plan to spend extended periods in the bright sun, and then choose a pair that gives you adequate coverage from the top of your sunnies as well – one that sits close to your eyebrows.
Choose the Right Lens Color
Lens color is not a fashion statement, although it can be, in addition to its main practical purpose. Choose to go with lenses that are grey or green as these colours minimise distortion of colours when driving, riding or skateboarding. Green also reduces glare. If you plan to wear them while skiing, opt for yellow or orange as these colors increase contrast. | <urn:uuid:4d488131-92c5-4fab-b3ac-1ff44ceb66ff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://likeitbuyit.com.au/what-to-look-for-when-buying-sunglasses/fashion-trend/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.939745 | 605 | 1.914063 | 2 |
CBD is the new all-rounder within the sports world.
CBD And Sport introduces CBD to a new line of sports and lifestyle products that promotes the health of all users! CBD in sports is on the rise! Cannabidiol (CBD) has many beneficial effects on the human body, especially during intensive and healthy activities such as sports! CBD strengthens the immune system, promotes muscle building and recovery, relieves pain, has an anti-inflammatory effect and reduces stress and anxiety. | <urn:uuid:9edf4041-b891-406e-a543-12cd55b325e3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cbdandsport.nl/en/winkel/sport-supplementen/cbd-starter-pack/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.962739 | 100 | 1.640625 | 2 |
- An analysis of privacy policies for mHealth apps finds that health and fitness apps aren’t keeping up with the rest of the industry – even though some are capable of gathering “particularly intimate details of a user’s life.”
“Given that some health and fitness apps can access sensitive, physiological data collected by sensors on a mobile phone, wearable or other device, their below-average performance is both unexpected and troubling,” the report states.
“If a user must search out a developer’s website on their own, or download (and perhaps purchase) an app before discovering how and where her intimate information will be collected, used, shared and protected, it will be much more difficult for her to make an informed decision about her privacy and app use,” the study noted.
“Tracking when a user typically tries to sleep (or wake up) can reveal whether they’re a morning person, or work a night shift or are away from home,” the study noted. “It might reveal whether an individual has insomnia, or another sleep disorder. It might also be the case that apps with a more limited purpose (e.g., to play a certain sound, or maintain a certain light level) ask for unusual permissions – such as access to a phone’s contacts, photos, or network connections. Importantly, privacy policies can help explain to users why this data is collected and how it is used.”
The study offers encouragement that the mHealth app industry is moving in the right direction on data privacy and security, but there’s still work to be done. As healthcare providers look to incorporate mHealth into their practices, they and their patients will want assurance that the apps they’re using are trustworthy. And they’ll want that assurance before downloading the app.
On another note, the study touches on another issue plaguing the mHealth ecosystem: the blurry line between mHealth and health and wellness. More and more apps in the latter category are trending into healthcare uses, and collecting data that qualifies as personal health information (PHI). The developers of those apps need to take extra measures to safeguard that data. | <urn:uuid:4f5495d1-e357-4ac3-8e33-11a8a1015a10> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mhealthintelligence.com/news/some-mhealth-apps-arent-making-privacy-a-priority | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00271-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944522 | 454 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Smugglers by Portland Island off-loading from a small sailing boat
File Type:JPEG image
Citation:Sotheby's Paintings from the Paul Mellon Collection, 18 November, 1981.
cgsc0470.jpg (JPEG image) 582.6Kb
Description:A native of Ireland, Garvey travelled abroad to Italy before settling in England. He was active in the Royal Academy, first exhibiting in 1769 and later becoming a member in 1783. He worked both in oil and watercolor, his subjects being chiefly views of Italy, Ireland and England. His work is described by Strickland as 'poor'. (Dictionary of Irish Artists, p 399) The present painting was exhibited in 1808 at the Royal Academy and 1809 at the British Institution.
Dimensions/Extent:86 x 135 cm
Type of material:Image
Availability:Full text available | <urn:uuid:0b440b1a-e20e-45d3-b29e-55b8fa3f149d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.tara.tcd.ie/handle/2262/21519 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00548-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939377 | 188 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Deuteronomy contains thirty-four chapters of history and Jewish law. Ending with the death of Moses, this significant fifth book of the Bible also concludes the Pentateuch. George Adam Smith's focused exegesis gives historical context to the rituals and laws discussed in Deuteronomy, with meticulous elucidation.
- Verse-by-verse exegesis
- Contains helpful notes, indexes, and appendixes
Praise for the Print Edition
There are no better books in exposition of the different parts of Scripture than those contained in the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. The series has long since established its claim to an honorable place in the front rank of first-rate commentaries; and the teacher or preacher who masters its volumes will be, like Apollos, mighty in the Scriptures.
—Church Sunday School Magazine
- Title: The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges: Deuteronomy
- Author: George Adam Smith
- Publisher: Cambridge University Press
- Publication Date: 1918
- Pages: 396
About George Adam Smith
George Adam Smith was Principle and Vice-Chancellor at the University of Aberdeen, as well as a Fellow of the British Academy. | <urn:uuid:0e081d0c-cd3c-4ef0-969f-3470a4ca6936> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.logos.com/product/16731/the-cambridge-bible-for-schools-and-colleges-deuteronomy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00220-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.908057 | 239 | 3.359375 | 3 |
The mitochondrial genome encodes 13 essential subunits of the respiratory chain and has remarkable genetics based on uniparental inheritance. Within human populations, the mitochondrial genome has a high rate of sequence divergence with multiple polymorphic variants and thus has played a major role in examining the evolutionary history of our species. In recent years it has also become apparent that pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations play an important role in neurological and other diseases. Patients harbor many different mtDNA mutations, some of which are mtDNA mutations, some of which are inherited, but others that seem to be sporadic. It has also been suggested that mtDNA mutations play a role in aging and cancer, but the evidence for a causative role in these conditions is less clear. The accumulated data would suggest, however, that mtDNA mutations occur on a frequent basis. In this article we describe a new phenomenon: the accumulation of mtDNA mutations in human colonic crypt stem cells that result in a significant biochemical defect in their progeny. These studies have important consequences not only for understanding of the finding of mtDNA mutations in aging tissues and tumors, but also for determining the frequency of mtDNA mutations within a cell. | <urn:uuid:cbb85416-2fff-4465-a978-19e5f2f8bb85> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14597761/?dopt=Abstract | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.953092 | 238 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Why have Asians not dominated?
Why have Asians not dominated human cultural evolution? How can it be that the racial group which has the highest average IQ is not that which has reached, to date, the greatest cultural achievement, wealth and power?
Before I answer that question, let me debunk some of the Western myths about China so that we start from the proper historical and cultural place when assessing Asian achievement and development. (The Asian population is of course more than China, but China by population represents most Asians and Asians at their most culturally advanced throughout history until perhaps the last century, since when Japan has arguably taken the lead).
Insofar as people in the West think about China’s place in history – and most do not think about it at all – they normally believe that China has long been a unified state sharing a single culture and a single language with a continuous history stretching back thousands of years (thus making it unique) and that it was always culturally and technologically in advance of the West until relatively recently, the “relatively recently” being anything from 1500 to as late as 1800 AD depending on which authority you choose to follow. Joseph Needham in his monumental Science and Civilisation in China is the prime example of someone propagating this myth.
The reality is that the history of China has been as politically messy and fractured as that of Europe, arguably more so because their territory is larger and their population throughout history has been substantially greater than that of Europe. The country was not even nominally unified until the third century BC – under the short lived Chhin dynasty (221-207 BC) and has spent more than half of the time since being split between competing dynasties, for example, the Northern and Southern Sung 960-1126, times of general warlordism (5/6th centuries AD) or subject to foreign invaders such as the Mongols (1279-1368) and the Manchu (1644-1912). Moreover, even at times of supposed unification the actual amount of control exercised by Emperors was necessarily small compared with that achieved by the modern industrialised state because the means to govern vast territories and large populations was minute in the past compared with our own day. China is also so far from being a single racial/ethnic entity that today it contains within its borders approximately 100 million people who are in modern Western terms ethnic minorities.
As for the supposed cultural unity, the spoken language is very far from being a single tongue understood throughout China. The division between Cantonese and Mandarin Chinese is reasonably well known in the West, but the fracturing of Chinese goes far beyond that. For example, the erstwhile Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping spoke with such a heavy accent and dialect that his daughter had to translate for him when he spoke in public. Nor is the written language a single language similarly understood by all literate Chinese – different characters are used in different parts of the country and the same character may have different nuances depending on the origins of the reader.
In short, it makes no more sense to speak of China as a continuous state or single civilisation than it does to speak of Europe as a continuous state or single civilisation.
Nor is it true that there is a special antiquity to Chinese civilisation. In matters such as writing and the use of metals, the Chinese were at best no earlier than the civilisations of the Middle East and Mediterranean, and arguably behind them, especially in writing.
The claim that the Chinese were throughout history more culturally advanced than Europe until fairly recently is especially weak. It is only necessary to reflect on the archaeological and historical evidence of the cultural achievements of the Egyptians, those in the Fertile Crescent (Assyria, Babylon), the Cretans, Mycenaeans and the immense achievements of ancient Greece and Rome to realise that the China of antiquity was not superior in terms of their physical control of the world. To take one striking example, few Chinese buildings pre-dating the Ming era (1368-1644) are extant; most buildings, including those of the great, before that date being of timber. Compare that with the great stone buildings of the European and Mediterranean ancient world, the magnificent castles, abbeys, cathedrals and churches of the European mediaeval world and the amazing architectural diversity of the European modern period.
Of course, it is very easy to cherry pick particular material accomplishments at particular times and places, but fail to place them in their general historical context by posing questions such was an invention followed through and did it become generally used? Such a failure gives a wholly unbalanced picture of the relative merits of cultures. It is true that before the modern period (say 1500 AD)the Chinese can be shown to have had certain inventions before Europe but the opposite also applies, for example, the Chinese had the compass before Europe, but Europe boast priority with the Archimedean screw.
Even where China produced an invention before Europe and then Europe introduced it at a later date, it does not follow that Europe copied that invention from China or the experience of using the invention was the same in Europe as in China. The classic example of this is printing with moveable type. China and Korea had moveable type many centuries before Gutenberg printed his great Bible in the 15th century, but there is no evidence that Gutenberg was influenced in any way by the far Eastern example. Discrete invention of the same thing or process in different cultures is common. Not only that, whereas moveable type printing never gained widespread use in China it very rapidly became the norm in Europe, most probably because written European languages are based on an alphabetical system with a few characters while written Chinese is an ideographic language with thousands of ideograms, each of which requires a single block of type. Since 1700 at the latest, European technology has utterly dwarfed the achievements of the Chinese.
There is of course far more to civilisation than its material consequences. The intellectual and social science, philosophy, art, political structure and so on. Here China also falls well short of Europe.
China never managed to develop anything worthy of the name of science. Throughout their history the Chinese have been very inventive when it comes to producing artefacts and practical solutions to particular problems but have displayed a remarkable lack of interest in developing theory from those practical solutions to provide general explanations of the world.
It is also noteworthy that although the Chinese produced many important inventions such as gunpowder, they commonly failed to exploit them either at all or to develop them substantially. When Europeans began to make regular contact with China in the seventeenth century the guns of the Europeans were much superior to those of the Chinese despite the latter having invented gunpowder. Looking at the frequent failures to develop inventions, the suspicion arises that often an invention was produced to amuse or serve the interests of a powerful person rather than with the idea of making it a commercial proposition or from a simple interest in the challenge of making it and subsequently understanding how it could be improved. Lord McCartney, who headed the first official British diplomatic mission to China in 1793/4 noted “Most of the things the Chinese know they seem to have invented themselves, to have applied them solely to the purpose wanted, and to never have thought of improving or extending them further” (A Journal of the embassy to China (Folio Society), while Adam Smith commented in the latter half of the 18th century that “China has been long one of the richest, that is, one of the most fertile, best cultivated, most industrious and most populous countries in the world. It seems, however, to have long been stationary. Marco Polo, who visited it more than five hundred years ago, describes its cultivation, industry and populousness , almost in the same terms in which they are described by travellers in the present times”. (The Wealth of Nations Penguin edition p 174.)
Philosophy as we would understand it in the West, that is, analytical thought examining the nature of reality with, in theory at least, an absence of ideological baggage clouding the issue, is virtually missing from Chinese history. Traditional Chinese philosophy never divorced itself entirely from religion and was predominantly concerned with how society should be ordered. Its primary purpose was social control. It is more a series of maxims than an exercise in philosophical enquiry. The let-everything-be-challenged method found intermittently in Western philosophy from at least the sixth century BC onwards appears foreign to the Chinese mind. Interestingly, they were great compilers of what we would call encyclopaedias. They delighted in recording what was already known or thought, rather than investigating what was not known or might be thought.
A similar resistance to change can be seen in Chinese art and fashion. Look at contemporary depictions of Chinese and the dress of a Chinese in 1000 AD is much the same as the dress of a Chinese in 1800. Chinese art shows a similar stability over the same period, being for the most part heavily constrained by artistic conventions. Where there is a deviation from such academic artistic discipline it is mainly found in periods where foreign invaders gained power, most noticeably under the Mongol emperors who imported craftsmen and artists from here, there and everywhere. Looking at Chinese fashions and art over time is similar to viewing Egyptian artefacts which show a remarkable stability over several thousand years. This is the direct antithesis of the general European cultural experience which consistently shows change in fashion and art.
Perhaps the most striking feature of the Chinese is their political and social development. Politically, the Chinese never really moved beyond the rather primitive state of believing in an absolute ruler who was a god or a man directly in touch with gods and warlordism. There were attempts to introduce more rational and less absolute forms of government, but these were invariably short lived. Ideologies such as Confucianism attempted to lay down moral rules for rulers, but that was about the limit of any sustained attempt to restrain emperors with anything short of violence. Ideas of constitutions restricting what government may do, representative government or direct democracy were simply alien to Chinese society.
State administration is often lauded as an area of great Chinese superiority, with the Mandarin system put forward as evidence of this, appointment by examination having begun as early as the 7th century AD. But was it really superior to that of the Roman Empire, which pre-dated it by centuries, or more impressive than that of the Catholic Church at the height of its power? Arguably, the Mandarin system was primarily an expression of the general trait of Chinese society to control and categorise rather than a system designed to meet a particular need, as opposed to the administrations of Europe which developed to serve needs such as the management of money.
Below formal government it is difficult to discern in Chinese history anything which could be described as civil society, those organisations and relationships which perform a civic social function but which are not part of the formal political structure, for example, charities, clubs, the co-operative movement and trade unions. Chinese life has traditionally revolved around the family – including a strong dose of ancestor worship – with any social organisation beyond that being the province of those in authority. There is nothing which resembles the corporate charitable concern for the poor found within the Catholic Church let alone a formal legal obligation such as the English Poor Law of 1601.
A society which leaves the vast majority of a society in abject penury and small elite with immense wealth is a primitive form of social organisation. It is a form known since the beginning of history unlike the settled societies which have spread wealth more evenly, which are all of more recent growth. Left to its own devices Chinese society never went beyond the great disparity of wealth state. When Europeans began to gain first hand experience of China from the seventeenth century onwards a common observation was the tremendous disparity of wealth. Here is Adam Smith again: “The poverty of the lower ranks of people in China far surpasses that of the most beggarly nations in Europe” (The Wealth of Nations p174), but “the rich, having a superabundance of food to dispose of beyond what they can themselves consume, have the means of purchasing the labour of other people. The retinue of a grandee in China or Indostan accordingly is, by all accounts, much more numerous and splendid than the richest subjects in Europe” (The Wealth of Nations p310).
This brief de-bunking of the myth of Chinese cultural superiority carries within it suggestions of why Asians have not achieved cultural supremacy, despite their superior IQ distribution. IQ is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for cultural advance. What is missing from the Asian mentality to have hindered their advance? Could it simply be that a combination of sufficiently propitious circumstances have never arisen to drive them beyond a certain point, that Europe surged ahead simply by luck rather than any innate difference? This would seem to be most unlikely because of the length of time during which China has been a sophisticated society with substantial technological and organisational achievements.
Why did China never make the jump from by-guess-and-by-God technology to true science? Why did China show so little interest in analytical philosophy? Why did China never develop a political system more sophisticated than that of the god-Emperor when Europeans ran through just about every form of political organisations there is in the past 2,500 years, most of them before the birth of Christ? Why was the idea of political participation, so widespread in Europe in both the ancient and the late mediaeval world, absent in China? Why was there an absence of civil society in China? These differences would seem to be more than culturally determined, to be the cultural expressions of innate tendencies in behaviour.
IQ is far from being the only measurable innate difference between races (insofar as IQ is innate). J Philippe Ruston in Race, Evolution and Behaviour lists several dozen race-dependent variables under the headings of Brain size, Intelligence, Maturation rate, Personality, Social organisation and Reproductive effort. Under Personality are listed the following: activity level, aggressiveness, cautiousness, dominance, impulsivity, self-concept, sociability. On all of these except cautiousness blacks score higher than whites who in turn score higher than Asians. With cautiousness the position is reversed with blacks scoring lower than whites who score lower than Asians. It is not unreasonable to interpret these differences as the Asian personality being less enquiring or adventurous than that of whites, less sociable and more submissive.
The ascending ranking of black-white-Asian is steady throughout almost all the variables described by Ruston – the odd men out are administrative efficiency and cultural achievement which Rushton ranks as simply “higher” for both whites and Asians than for blacks. Arguably, those are the two variables most open to subjectivity and, judged by the entire sweep of human history; it would seem to be stretching a point to put whites and Asians on the same level in these two areas. As previously mentioned whites managed an industrial revolution from scratch, created modern science, developed analytical philosophy and very early on evolved many varied forms of political life, including direct democracy. Before European examples were put before those, Asians never advanced much beyond by-guess-and-by-God technology, had nothing moderns would describe as science, possessed no analytical philosophy and did not develop a political system more sophisticated than that of the absolute monarch.
When they are a minority in high IQ societies Asians tend to fill technical posts – which favour higher IQs – or engage in business, much of which is conducted within their own racial group. They make surprisingly little headway in areas which require the highest level “people skills”, such as formal politics or interest groups. Whether they as a minority live in high or low IQ societies Asians display an extremely strong tendency to keep within their own communities, but unlike many other minority groups they generally do not engage in much overt antisocial behaviour – their crime tends to be directed at other members of the racial group – and display little overt ethnic aggression such as portraying themselves as victims of racism or by demanding racially based privileges for their group. This behaviour also fits the Asian personality template described above.
There is a further consideration. IQ is not of a piece. Although Asian IQ is higher than white IQ overall, it is not higher in all respects. Asians score substantially higher than whites on non-verbal tests but are significantly inferior to whites on verbal tests. They score particularly strongly on spatial tests. These differences in the quality of racial IQs fit neatly into the differences listed by Ruston and to work such as Freedman’s. The inferior verbal ability of Asians fits with the idea of reduced sociability. The greater aptitude on non-verbal tests could be plausibly be interpreted as meaning that the Asian mind is adapted to solving what I would call bounded problems, that is, problems which have objective boundaries such as how do we build this canal? rather than problems without such boundaries such as what is the good? and what is art?
The limitations of the Chinese intellect can be seen in their adherence to an ideographic form of writing. If one set a genius and a dullard the task of developing a system of writing, the genius would come up with an alphabetical system and the dullard some form of pictorial representation. The genius would produce the alphabetical system because he would see beyond the obvious and immediate and eschew the literal representation of a thing or idea, while the dullard would see only the obvious and immediate way of representing a thing or idea. The genius would go for the less obvious for he would see that it was both more economical and powerful a means of representation because it required only a small number of signs to express infinity of things and ideas. The dullard would merely see a need to keep on adding to the number of signs.
Of course the Chinese went far beyond crude pictograms which each literally depicted something, but by retaining a pictorial system in which each thing or idea had to be represented by a particular sign or group of signs they retained the problems associated with a non-alphabetical system, namely its lack of economy and flexibility, there being several thousand characters associated with written Chinese. The sheer number of characters makes the learning of written Chinese a monumental task, especially for those learning the written language as an adult. Many, probably the large majority, of foreigners who speak Chinese cannot read and/or write it. Nor is this purely a non-Asian trait. When the Chinese communists attempted to create a literate China in the 1950s they found that many pupils simply were not up to the task – there was a spate of suicides at the time amongst those being forced to learn to read and write Chinese. The Chinese met this difficulty by introducing a system of 1,000 simplified characters and a 25 letter Roman alphabet was introduced into Chinese primary schools in 1957 to help with pronunciation.
Why did the major representatives of the group with the highest IQ not only start down the dullard’s path with a written language but continues on that path today despite its very obvious disadvantages? Perhaps the answer lies in their IQ and other psychometrically measurable traits. If Asians have minds which are orientated toward the visual, perhaps it is natural to prefer a pictorial system of writing. Nonetheless it is strange that such an obviously cumbersome system should have been retained for so long by the Chinese – the racially similar Koreans adopted an alphabetical system of writing in the 15th Century. Of course, literacy in China was very restricted and it may have been retained simply because it was the system known to the elite (who were its prime users) and cultural inertia became the controlling force. It also had the advantage for the elite of naturally restricting literacy, because of the considerable mental demands the written language makes on the individual when they are learning it. However, such an advantage in the past is a positive disadvantage today and has been since the Chinese first had to compete with modern advanced societies.
We have the experience of more than a century of industrialisation and Westernisation in Japan and several generations of such behaviour in South Korea and Taiwan. China has gone down the industrialising road intermittently for over a century and full-bloodedly for the past quarter century. These societies have had the example of the white experience of industrialisation, science and general cultural heritage before them. Despite this and whatever their economic success, and that is patchy vide Japan‘s post-1980s stagnation and the oceanic gulf between coastal city China and the vast Chinese interior, compared with white societies there has been in Asian societies since their opening up to the West remarkably little evidence of fundamental scientific discovery or technological innovation which goes beyond the adaptation of what has been invented or discovered elsewhere. Nor, despite the very large numbers of Asians living in advanced white majority societies, can one find front-rank scientists or technologists in proportion to their proportion to the population, a surprising fact when Asian academic achievement and business involvement is on average higher than that of whites (anyone who doubts Asian under-representation in this area should try identifying Asians living in white majority societies who fit the description of front-rank scientists and technologists).
The willingness to imitate white societies extends to culture. The Japanese in particular are famous for aping both high and low white culture, from Beethoven to the Beatles. Asian Harry Potter fans are amongst the most frenzied in the world. The architecture of whites is copied enthusiastically and extensively and is accompanied by a widespread willingness to destroy indigenous architecture, the white concern for giving a special value to the old and preserving being weak in Asian majority societies. An equivalent mass response to Asian culture simply does not exist in white societies – the most that can be found are periodic outbreaks of the use of oriental art and motifs by white designers. This willingness to imitate might seem odd in view of the traditionally static cultural nature of Asian societies. It might be ascribed to the feelings of inferiority which Asian societies felt when faced with the power of industrialised societies and at least in China’s case, a sense of humiliation because of past white quasi-colonial involvement in China. If this explanation is believed Asians copy white behaviour because they are proving to themselves that they are not inferior to white society by emulating what white societies have achieved. However, that shows a strange lack of ambition. Why not aspire to do something beyond what whites have done? (Many Chinese would say they are industrialising and modernising generally now simply because they were held back in the past by white control and manipulation of their societies, but difficult that is to fit with the facts that foreign influence over China effectively ended in 1949 and their general failure to advance before Western meddling began in the 19th century).
An alternative explanation is that Asians imitate so readily because it is natural for them to do so because their general personality traits lead them to do it. Or rather, it is natural for them to imitate in certain aspects of life but not others. Where Asians do not show such an appetite for imitation is in social structures. The Japanese and South Koreans may have formally adopted systems of elective government from white examples, but within these the traditional social relations remain – practices are accepted which in the West would be considered straight forward bribery of voters or undue influence over them, for example “clan” loyalties. Or take the rule of law. In Japan, supposedly the most Westernised of Asian societies, hardly anyone who is brought to trial for a criminal offence is acquitted, a nonsense for any meaningful system of justice As for China, uniquely amongst Communist countries, the Communist elite have managed to retain control whilst allowing capitalism but eschewing democratisation or the idea of the law being above manipulation by the state.
Why do Asians imitate in some ways but not others? I suspect that the answer rests on what is the elite view of society. Traditionally, the Chinese elite were always contemptuous of other peoples, routinely treating them as subordinate peoples who owed tribute to the Emperor (Lord Macartney‘s. gifts to the Emperor in 1794 were described as tribute). Macartney, who visited China before white interference in the country, constantly referred to the fact that the Chinese had what we would now describe as a monstrous superiority complex and that when presented with products of the early Industrial Revolution, the equivalent of which were unknown in China, they frequently refused to show any overt interest in them. Macartney left China having failed to gain what he had been charged with obtaining, namely, the right of British merchants to trade in China.
A similar refusal to engage with white societies can be found in Japan, which after some experience of white merchants and priests took the dramatic step of sealing off Japan from all but the most limited European contact for three centuries until the American Commodore Perry forced trade with the white world upon them in 1853.
Once Japan had engagement with the West forced upon them a new elite ideology emerged which saw imitation of certain aspects of white society as the way to compete with those societies. This new elite ideology was accepted by the mass of their population with astonishing readiness bearing in mind the previous refusal to engage with outsiders (there was even a proposal in the 1870s for English to replace Japanese as the language of Japan.) Why did this happen? Most probably because the general personality profile of Asians makes them unusually susceptible to authority. Imitation of white social relationships did not occur so readily because such relationships are themselves the product of innate personality traits. (It is worth bearing in mind that Japan decided to modernise without being quasi-colonised in the fashion of China.)
In summary, despite their higher average IQ, Asians have probably failed to become the culturally dominant race because their innate personality traits work against them. They are too passive, too unquestioning, too lacking in initiative. The shape of their IQ with higher non-verbal scores and lower verbal scores may be wholly or partially the cause of these personality traits or, conversely, the shape of the IQ is simply an expression of the personality traits. Other biological traits such as low testosterone levels may also promote such behaviour. | <urn:uuid:200d4179-59e9-49ac-85d4-49423131a2a4> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://livinginamadhouse.wordpress.com/2010/11/30/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721355.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00013-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970515 | 5,299 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Less than a year old, the InterCounty Connector Trail offers a new way to get across Montgomery County by bike. However, a circuitous route, a lack of connections to surrounding areas and sections with poor visibility all hurt its potential.
The ICC was originally planned to have a bike trail running parallel to it, but in 2004, the State Highway Administration got rid of it, claiming it would reduce the toll road's construction costs and environmental impacts. Instead, they gave the ICC Trail a more circuitous and indirect route, running parts of it along the highway and the rest along local roads like Columbia Pike and Briggs Chaney Road.
Not surprisingly, area bicyclists were unhappy with the decision. "Why do designers think cyclists should have to go the long way, but cars need a direct route?" asks the WashCycle blog.
Part of the trail runs parallel to Columbia Pike between Fairland Road and Briggs Chaney Road in East County. Like the Forest Glen pedestrian bridge that crosses the Beltway, it runs under a highway. The trail is also lightly used and has already been vandalized.
This is unfortunate, because the trail could tie neighborhoods on both sides of the ICC together and is a crucial part of a "commuter bikeway" along Columbia Pike first envisioned in master plans 15 years ago. But this part of the ICC Trail won't get any busier or safer without better foot and bike connections to get people to it.
Let's take a look at the trail:
Here we are on the trail, just north of Fairland Road. That's the exit sign for the InterCounty Connector up ahead.
First we pass this small seating area. People do use it, judging from the abandoned pair of shoes. I enjoy the dry stacked stones and wooden bench, which give the trail a woodsy, rustic feel despite its surroundings. Behind the seating area is the recently-built Fairland View subdivision. It's separated by a grass berm and has no connection to the trail, despite being yards away. (The view, of course, is of the InterCounty Connector.) I assume these nearby chalk drawings came from kids living there.
Now we're heading under the interchange between Columbia Pike and the ICC. This part of the trail is almost invisible from either road and the surrounding houses, and I passed a group of young men smoking right before I took this picture.
There is Sharpie graffiti in the tunnel, though it's not much worse than anything I saw or did myself in high school. The tunnel appears to have been repainted a few times since it opened; in fact, since I took this photo, the scribbles have already been painted over. It's good to see that the state is maintaining the trail, though I wonder how regularly they patrol it.
After the tunnel, we go under a couple of overpasses. The roar of traffic is pretty intense, and I noticed some broken glass on the path where lights have been knocked out.
We're now between Columbia Pike on the left, and the Montgomery Auto Park on the right. Turn around and you get a great view of the interchange. There are maybe waist-high concrete walls on either side of the trail and a chain-link fence separating it from the Auto Park. The wall might keep bicyclists safe from car traffic, but I wonder if it's also there to protect the car dealerships from bicyclists.
And then we hit a wall. This is the interchange of Columbia Pike and Briggs Chaney Road, which was completed about four years ago; the trail takes a hard right to get around it and then joins Briggs Chaney Road.
Across the street is the Briggs Chaney Plaza shopping center; there's a stoplight and intersection in front of us, but no pedestrian signal or even a crosswalk. From here, we can continue down Briggs Chaney, which has a nice, wide shared path for about a mile and a half before connecting to a portion of the trail that's actually on the ICC.
Residents of Tanglewood, a subdivision on the south side of the ICC, complained that a trail would invite "criminals" from the apartment complexes along Briggs Chaney Road. While I still think that accusation was unfair, residents' predictions that there would be vandalism on the trail turned out to be true.
But as WashCycle points out, the best way to make a safe trail is to make it busy. In the handful of times I've used this one-mile portion of the ICC Trail, I've seen maybe a dozen people there. The trail is new enough that some people haven't heard of it, but it's also obscured by a highway interchange and sound berms.
It would've been ideal if the State Highway Administration had laid out the trail first and then worked around it, rather than the other way around. The trail would be more direct, and possibly more visible, while having little or no effect on the ability of drivers to pass through.
Since that opportunity no longer exists, the best thing we can do is to improve foot and bike connections to nearby destinations like Briggs Chaney Plaza and neighborhoods like Castle Boulevard, which recently got new sidewalks and medians. The easier it is to walk or bike in the area, the more likely people are to use the ICC Trail, and the less destructive behavior will occur.
Check out this slideshow of my bike ride along the ICC Trail and other roads in East County. | <urn:uuid:52b2d9cd-96bd-4929-9992-2882eefdc010> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.justupthepike.com/2012_06_01_archive.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00523-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973578 | 1,116 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Originally published in 1888, this short piece by Richard Garnett offers the reader a light-hearted approach to Lucifer becoming the Pope for a day, after approaching a young man, who would grow up to become Pope Sylvester II, and offering to purchase his soul.
©2014 Lamp of Trismegistus (P)2015 Lamp of Trismegistus
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If you find this review inappropriate and think it should be removed from our site, let us know. This report will be reviewed by Audible and we will take appropriate action. | <urn:uuid:64d77be5-263e-4809-a9aa-b7c8fd18c903> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.audible.co.uk/pd/Fiction/The-Demon-Pope-Audiobook/B00TRI9JLC | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00093-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957186 | 116 | 1.84375 | 2 |
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