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The unipolar world is collapsing, and a new block system of world order is being built, and Aleksei Avdonin – an analyst with the Belarusian Institute for Strategic Studies – believes the Belarus-Russia Union State is playing an important role in this process
“In conditions when we see formation of blocs in the world – figuratively, of the West and the East, the Union State acts as an outpost, a key element that ensures the stability of our region,” Mr. Avdonin said in his talk with Alfa Radio.
According to the expert, the Belarus-Russia interaction shows a good example for other states. “The countries of the post-Soviet space and those from the Asia-Pacific region are looking at us. They understand that such a union gives the most important thing: predictable supplies and, as a result, an understandable economic structure and well-being of their population. This will be followed," he explained.
Mr. Avdonin compared the agendas of the West and the Union State – noting that they differ. “The West is bringing chaos, disorder and war. In turn, the integration – that we are demonstrating – envisages peace, prosperity and bright future,” he stressed. | <urn:uuid:981ef61e-d0e5-444c-a9d6-11ba72915cef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sb.by/en/union-state-is-key-element-of-stability-in-region.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.94063 | 255 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Apart from providing food, water, and shelter, landscaping your backyard with colors that birds like can possibly lure them into coming to your place. The reason behind it is that birds have this excellent vision as they see colors very well.
But what color attracts birds? Different birds are attracted to different colors. A particular bird species may treat every color differently, but most birds are generally attracted to bright colors. This article will tell what colours are birds attracted to and the color’s influence on the bird’s day-to-day habits.
|Color Preference||Birds Species|
|Yellow||Goldfinches, Warblers, Hummingbirds|
|Red and Pink||Hummingbirds|
The table above indicates that some bird species are attracted to a particular shade or color, but as mentioned earlier, most birds like bright colors in general. But when learning what colours do birds like, there are various reasons for their preference.
Some bird species may like a particular color as it indicates a food source, while others may be attracted to the same color as their plumage because it can be a signal of a possible mate. Birds are known to be anxious and edgy like natural camouflage colors such as green, brown, and gray.
Majority of the common birds that visit our garden like the color red. These birds will likely be attracted to your garden because of the presence of red flowers and fruits. A good example are hummingbirds which love to feed on these flowers.
There are also some situations where birds protect their nest by flashing red while using the same color to attract possible mates. Some bird watchers add a touch of red colors to their feeders to attract seed-eating birds.
Some birds are attracted to the same colors of their plumage. This situation is the reason why goldfinches are attracted to the color yellow while other bird species are attracted to the color of their feathers.
On the other hand, nocturnal birds prefer to like this color because it is visible in the dark. As we all know, nocturnal birds are wide awake at night to hunt for food. Yellow is a bright color and has more visibility in low light or the dark.
In knowing what colors are birds attracted to, one probable reason for their preference is the liking of their own color. This situation is why bluebirds and jays like the color blue, which means some bird species are attracted to their own color.
So, if you want to attract more bluebirds into your backyard, you can start incorporating some blue colors into the ground. You can put some flowers with blue colors and use a bird feeder that is dominantly blue to attract these birds.
Orioles are birds that are addicted to the color orange. They can be easily attracted to this particular color while also liking to eat oranges, the fruit. So, if you want to attract orioles into your backyard, you can start using orange feeders around your backyard.
Neutral and Earthy Colors (Brown, Black, Gray, Green)
If you want to attract ground feeder birds, you need to incorporate neutral and earthy colors in your backyard. The colors brown, gray, black, and green attract birds with nervous temperaments, such as quail, doves, thrushes, and other ground feeders.
These colors symbolize protection and safety for these birds that will serve as cover for your backyard. If you make your yard full of these colors, it will likely be that you will attract these birds very soon.
What Colors Do Birds Not Like
We all know the attraction of the majority of the birds to bright colors. However, there are some colors that birds do not like because of their different perception of the color. These animals see differently compared to humans, and they have different perceptions when it comes to interpreting the colors that they see.
One color that most birds do not like is the color white. For these birds, the color white symbolizes danger and aggression to other birds. Some birds also interpret the white color as a signal or an alarm for imminent danger.
Some bird species use their white-colored feathers to signal the other birds’ warning. A good example is the white patches of the northern mockingbird’s wings or the white flash of the tail feathers of the dark-eyed junco.
With all of these color preferences, it is essential to know that birds practically use the UV light to see what is around them, making it different from how humans see and how we interpret colors.
The intensity of the colors will probably make your bird decide whether they will be attracted to it or they will be afraid of it. Nevertheless, if you want to attract a particular bird species, the color preference of the bird is an essential aspect that you can consider when landscaping your backyard.
What color attracts birds? As mentioned in this article, birds are naturally attracted to bright colors, but some bird species have this color preference that they like due to some natural factors. While color can be an essential aspect in attracting birds to your place, providing food, water, and shelter is also essential for these birds to come into your place. | <urn:uuid:01abdbe9-e470-49fb-a190-f3a9b3022b97> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.birdnature.com/what-color-attracts-birds/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.94384 | 1,090 | 3.703125 | 4 |
Domenico Scarlatti, who was, roughly speaking, a contemporary
of Bach and Haendel, was born in Naples, and, around age 35, moved to
Portugal, where he went to teach harpsichord to Princess Maria Barbara.
When she married the future king of Spain in 1729, he went with her
to Spain, where he lived the rest of his life. While he may have written
some of his harpsichord sonatas in Italy, it is likely that most of
them were written in this later part of his life. The son of the famous
composer Alessandro Scarlatti, his church music, written during the
first part of his life, is largely unmemorable. But, something happened
to Domenico when he left his native Italy. Perhaps it was because he
was no longer in the shadow of his father. In any event he went on to
compose one of the greatest monuments of keyboard music in the world.
Scarlatti wrote 555 sonatas for harpsichord, and each
of them stands out as a unique work. The term sonata here has
nothing to do with the later, classical definition of a work with several
movements. Scarlatti's sonatas are brief works, most just a few minutes
long. They are all driven by an intense feeling of rhythm; they are
all based on dance movements, as were most baroque harpsichord pieces.
Scarlatti rarely composed introspective music, slow sonatas that gave
time to think. His leitmotiv was energy, unrestrained verve and liveliness.
Pieter-Jan Belder is a fine young harpsichordist who
became known outside his native Holland because of the excellent recordings
he made in Brilliant Classics’ complete set of Bach’s works in 2000.
His playing covers a wide range of styles; he seems at ease in all types
of music, from the introspective to the lively. This second set of Scarlatti’s
sonatas is the confirmation of what listeners heard in the first set
- that Belder is creating the second great complete recording of these
works, a set of all 555 keyboard sonatas for harpsichord. Only one musician
has done this before: Scott Ross, who recorded the entire set for Erato
shortly before his death.
Belder is a magnificent musician. While his Bach recordings
are excellent, his Scarlatti is magical. In just about every sonata
it sounds as though he has found the key to performing them perfectly.
Listen to some of the faster sonatas, such as K 53 in D major, where
his exuberance takes control of the piece from beginning to end. Or
the brilliant virtuosity of K 56 in C minor, where he brushes aside
the technical difficulties as if they were just exercises. Or listen
to some of the slow, lyrical pieces - of which there are not that many
- such as the long K68 in E flat major, where Belder’s minuet tempo
and subtly graceful ornamentation turn this into a miniature masterpiece.
It should be noted that, in general, Belder’s tempi are a bit slower
than Ross’s, and he turns many of these works into less flamboyant versions
of the music, giving a slightly different impression of Scarlatti.
One plus, on this set, is the presence of several sonatas
for harpsichord, violin and basso continuo (which Ross, in his set,
relegates to the final disc). Belder keeps them in the Kirkpatrick order,
and these five sonatas are a wonderful change and are very attractive.
The second volume in this set shows that the first
was no flash in the pan, and that Belder’s cycle will become recognized
as the equal of Scott Ross’s legendary set, if not surpassing it. On
top of that, at the usual Brilliant Classics budget price, there is
no reason not to snap this set up right away. Kudos to this budget label
for the courage to embark on such a project and for delivering such
an incredibly perfect interpretation of these fine works. | <urn:uuid:4650c8d8-4953-42ed-b8f8-dbf4b779ae76> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.musicweb-international.com/classrev/2002/Jun02/scarlatti_belder2.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00210-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970894 | 912 | 1.71875 | 2 |
A colleague and I walked over to a certain Asian fast food restaurant the other day. The line was long, full of people still trying to decide what to eat from the steam table when they finally got to the counter, someone behind the counter had to replenish the white rice, and then the orders were stacked up at the cashier. Eventually, we sat and ate, but the waiting ate up most of the time we had. Made me think of what lunch would be like in a seamless world…
As we walked towards the restaurant, my phone buzzed. An alert from the store. “Did you want to try our special today Kale, Mushroom & Chicken or do you want the usual?” Hmm, I thought, sounds interesting. I pressed “Yes”. We then continued to walk to the restaurant. When we got there, there was no line. People were eating their lunches at tables. There were no menus on the wall behind the counter. There was no cash register. Just a counter with a number of orders on it and a cooler full of drinks. We walked towards the counter where our orders waited. My name was written on the bag, plus my phone buzzed when I got near it. My colleague ordered her usual, so she picked hers up at the same time. At the cooler, my colleague grabbed a fruit juice. We picked up our lunch and walked to a table. We sat down. Moments later, I got a call that I had to get back to the office, so we got up and walked back to work.
What just happened? We walked to the restaurant, picked up our food, which was hot and freshly ready for us the moment we got there, and walked back to the office. We didn’t wait in line. We didn’t have to order. We didn’t even have to pay.
What really happened:
1. Our smartphones detected that we were walking towards the restaurant, so they knew we were coming
2. The restaurant automatically sent me an upsell suggestion as I walked towards it.
3. My colleague didn’t get one as she had previously told them she didn’t want offers
4. The orders were placed right after I said “yes”.
5. My smartphone told the restaurant the exact moment that we would walk into the store based on our walking speed.
6. It gave the store an ETA so they were able to make sure that our orders were as fresh and ready as possible when we walked in
7. The orders were placed on the counter moments before we walked in
8. As we reached our lunches, a Bluetooth low energy (BLE) sticker on the bottom of the bag communicated with our phones, buzzing when we stood in front of our orders.
9. As we picked up our order, it detected that it was travelling with us. If either of us had picked up the wrong order, an alert would let us and the store know we’d picked up the wrong bag.
10. My colleague picked up a fruit juice. Within moments, the BLE sticker on the bottle told her smartphone app that she was carrying it too, along with her lunch
11. We sat down. Our smartphone apps detected a lack of movement within the walls of the store and assumed that we would be eating in. Our default payment methods were used to pay for our lunches.
12. Moments later, our apps detected that we weren’t going to eat in after all, and we each got a 10% takeout discount…
I have to say – I really, really, like this future. No lines! No rude cashiers! No indecisive people in line in front of you! Let’s go back to this future, shall we?
Interested in building this future for your business?
We know what’s next… | <urn:uuid:07c34dbe-05b0-4e99-8fb7-425cf3cf1a71> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.symbio.com/lunch-seamless-world/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00334-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984399 | 806 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Aerospace Fastener Market
Aerospace Fastener Market - By Product (Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, Screws, Others), By Material (Aluminum, Titanium, Steel, Others), By Application (Commercial Aviation, Defense), By Aircraft Type (Narrow Body Aircraft, Wide Body Aircraft, Very Large Aircraft,Request Sample Request Discount
Pandemic disrupted the entire world and affected many industries.
Get detailed COVID-19 impact analysis on the Aerospace Fastener MarketRequest Sample
The global aerospace fastener market is anticipated to flourish at a CAGR of 6.2% during the forecast period i.e. 2020-2025. Growth in the order intake of new aircraft is anticipated to impel the growth of aerospace fastener market during the forecast period. Apart from this, increase in number of air passengers is resulting in subsequent rise in aircraft which further suggest growth prospects for aerospace fastener in the upcoming years.
The research offers a comprehensive analysis of aerospace fastener market with respect to following sub-markets:
- Commercial Aviation
By Aircraft Type
- Narrow Body Aircraft
- Wide Body Aircraft
- Very Large Aircraft (VLA)
- Regional Transport Aircraft
- North America (U.S. & Canada)
- Europe (Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Spain, Russia and Rest of Europe)
- Asia Pacific (China, India, Japan, South Korea, Indonesia, Taiwan, Australia, New Zealand and Rest of Asia Pacific)
- Latin America (Brazil, Mexico, Argentina and Rest of Latin America)
- Middle East & Africa (GCC, North Africa, South Africa and Rest of Middle East & Africa)
The report profiles various major market players such as
- B/E Aerospace
- STANLEY Engineered Fastening
- 3V Fasteners Company Inc.
- Alcoa Fastening Systems
- B&B Specialties Inc.
- Lisi Aerospace
- National Aerospace Fasteners Corporation
- Precision Castparts Corp.
- TFI Aerospace Corporation
- Other Major & Niche Players
Competitive landscape analysis provides detailed strategic analysis of the company’s business and performance such as financial information, revenue breakup by segment and by geography, SWOT Analysis, risk analysis, key facts, company overview, business strategy, key product offerings, marketing and distribution strategies, new product development and recent news (acquisition, expansion, technology development, research & development expansion and other market activities).
The study also provides company’s positioning and market share in aerospace fastener market.
Timeline Considered for Analysis:
- 2019: Base Year
- 2020: Estimated Year
- 2020 to 2025: Forecasted Year
Research Scope and Deliverables
- Overview & Executive Summary
- Market Drivers, Trends, Challenges and Opportunities
- Market Size and Forecast Projections
- Macroeconomic Indicators of Various Countries Impacting the Growth of the - Market
- Extensive Coverage of Industry Players including Recent Product Launches and Market Activities
- Porter’s Five Force Analysis
Market Segmentation Analysis:
Industry report analyzes the global aerospace fastener market by the following segments:
- Aircraft Type
Geographic Market Analysis:
The report offers separate analysis of North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America and Middle East & Africa. In addition, further breakdown of market data and analysis of region into countries is covered in the report.
Customization: We also offers customization’s in the industry report as per the company’s specific needs.
Key Questions Answered in the Global Aerospace Fastener Industry Report
- What is the overall market size in 2019? What will be the market growth during the forecast period i.e. 2020-2025?
- Which region would have high demand for product in the upcoming years?
- What are the factors driving the growth of the market?
- Which sub-market will make the most significant contribution to the market?
- What are the market opportunities for existing and entry-level players?
- What are various long-term and short-term strategies adopted by the market players?"
Custom Research Requirement? Questions to ask?Get in touch
Custom Research requirement. | <urn:uuid:96ad483d-686f-400c-baf8-24b212e1578d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kdmarketinsights.com/product/228/aerospace-fastener-market-2017 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.875715 | 949 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Everyone is talking about Hamilton thanks to its recent release on Disney+, and the conversation surrounding Lin-Manuel Miranda’s blockbuster musical hasn't been limited to just the reactions to its content. The filmed production with the original cast, taken from several performances back in 2016, has stirred up a lot of chatter regarding what business the production could have done if it had hit theaters instead of streaming, and, as will be explored in this feature, the debate of whether or not it should be considered eligible for Academy Awards.
Needless to say, there’s a bit of a divide on the latter matter, even amongst our own ranks at CinemaBlend. In the spirit of Hamilton, we’ve opted to duel over the subject of whether this film should be eligible or not. The big difference, of course, is that instead of pistols being drawn, we’ll be using arguments that take into account the Academy’s rules for what qualifies as a valid entry into the Oscars race (thanks to details published by Variety). Starting us off and definitely not taking aim at the sky is Eric Eisenberg, arguing against Hamilton being considered for Oscar recognition.
Why Hamilton Shouldn't Be Eligible For The Oscars
Putting aside various issues and systemic problems, the Academy Awards is about one thing: the celebration of film. All genres are taken into consideration, as are documentaries and shorts, and the art is highlighted on a great number of levels – from visual effects and production design, to scripts and direction. There are rules regarding length, distribution, and other details, but it’s a fairly open contest within the medium.
All that being said, there’s a simple explanation as to why Hamilton shouldn’t be taken into consideration for the Oscars: it’s not a film; it’s a taping.
When Lin-Manuel Miranda first set out to write his hip-hop-heavy historical musical, one of the first choices that he had to make was to choose a medium, and the medium he chose was theater. This was a key decision that impacted nearly everything about the production from that point forward, from its structure (a two act story that uses an intermission to separate pre- and post-revolutionary periods) to its presentation (such as the rotating segments of the stage, and the spotlight moments for Jonathan Groff’s King George III).
That work culminated as the show witnessed by thousands live as it was staged on Broadway, and the musical that is now available to stream for Disney+ subscribers. And that’s the point. While the edit uses material from multiple performances, the content of the creation itself was not changed in any way to fit a new medium. Something doesn’t just become a film because you point a camera at it. By that logic, the Oscars would need to start looking at recorded sporting events, stand-up comedy specials, and Fathom Events opera presentations too.
Had Lin-Manuel Miranda adapted what he created for the stage in Hamilton this would be a completely different conversation, but that’s not what happened. It may feature multiple camera angles and a variety of cuts, but it’s not a film, and rightfully shouldn’t be taken into consideration by the Academy.
And now, to rebut this argument, is Mike Reyes, who is on the side of Hamilton being considered for Academy Award recognition:
Why Hamilton Should Be Eligible
If Hamilton was merely a recording of the original Broadway cast, I’d be more inclined to agree that it’s just a “recording of a performance” and leave it at that. But the way that the show was filmed and edited, especially the usage of audience-free performances of certain moments for close ups, convinces me that at the very least, the film should be considered in the Best Documentary Film category. However, I would even go as far as saying that with all of the time, effort, and thought that went into staging and capturing the Hamilton performances we see in the Disney+ version of the show, a Best Picture nod wouldn’t be a possibility out of the question either.
I wouldn’t go as far as saying the film would be eligible for nominations pertaining to set design, costuming, or any other pre-existing component that was designed for the Broadways how. But at the very least, the product of the film itself deserves to be honored; especially in a year where there may not be too much content eligible in the traditional sense to begin with. Hamilton is a filmed experience that takes the Broadway musical, and translates it into a cinematic journey. At the very least, it should be considered as an awards contender in that respect.
There you have it! Two sides have come to the table to debate whether or not Hamilton belongs in the running for Oscars gold or not. However, don’t take that as a sign that the matter is closed and done. Now it’s time for you, the reading audience, to tell us what you think. Should Hamilton qualify as an Academy Award contender, or do you think that it’s not playing by the rules?
Let us know what your feelings are in the matter through a vote in our poll below. Also, don’t forget to hit the comments section with your expanded thoughts on why you feel one way or another on the subject. Meanwhile, Hamilton is currently available to stream on Disney+; but you may have already known that.
This poll is no longer available.
NJ native who calls LA home; lives in a Dreamatorium. A decade-plus CinemaBlend veteran; endlessly enthusiastic about the career he’s dreamt of since seventh grade.
Your Daily Blend of Entertainment News
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There was a problem. Please refresh the page and try again. | <urn:uuid:50b103f1-04da-47e8-8da8-8ab9a976ea0e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2549877/should-hamilton-be-eligible-for-oscars-weve-got-thoughts | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.959568 | 1,220 | 1.65625 | 2 |
The cerebellum (Latin for “little brain”) is a major feature of the hindbrain of all vertebrates. Although usually smaller than the cerebrum, in some animals such as the mormyrid fishes it may be as large as or even larger. In humans, the cerebellum plays an important role in motor control. It may also be involved in some cognitive functions such as attention and language as well as emotional control such as regulating fear and pleasure responses, but its movement-related functions are the most solidly established. The human cerebellum does not initiate movement, but contributes to coordination, precision, and accurate timing: it receives input from sensory systems of the spinal cord and from other parts of the brain, and integrates these inputs to fine-tune motor activity. Cerebellar damage produces disorders in fine movement, equilibrium, posture, and motor learning in humans.
Anatomically, the human cerebellum has the appearance of a separate structure attached to the bottom of the brain, tucked underneath the cerebral hemispheres. Its cortical surface is covered with finely spaced parallel grooves, in striking contrast to the broad irregular convolutions of the cerebral cortex. These parallel grooves conceal the fact that the cerebellar cortex is actually a continuous thin layer of tissue tightly folded in the style of an accordion. Within this thin layer are several types of neurons with a highly regular arrangement, the most important being Purkinje cells and granule cells. This complex neural organization gives rise to a massive signal-processing capability, but almost all of the output from the cerebellar cortex passes through a set of small deep nuclei lying in the white matter interior of the cerebellum.
In addition to its direct role in motor control, the cerebellum is necessary for several types of motor learning, most notably learning to adjust to changes in sensorimotor relationships. Several theoretical models have been developed to explain sensorimotor calibration in terms of synaptic plasticity within the cerebellum. These models derive from those formulated by David Marr and James Albus, based on the observation that each cerebellar Purkinje cell receives two dramatically different types of input: one comprises thousands of weak inputs from the parallel fibers of the granule cells; the other is an extremely strong input from a single climbing fiber. The basic concept of the Marr–Albus theory is that the climbing fiber serves as a “teaching signal”, which induces a long-lasting change in the strength of parallel fiber inputs. Observations of long-term depression in parallel fiber inputs have provided some support for theories of this type, but their validity remains controversial. | <urn:uuid:3832848f-fe05-49e1-bff6-4a1445347b25> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://brainhealthnetwork.ca/the-cerebellum/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.937234 | 542 | 4.0625 | 4 |
by Laura Reynolds
While assessment gets all the press, it is feedback for learning that can transform a student’s learning.
When feedback is predominately negative, studies have shown that it can discourage student effort and achievement (Hattie & Timperley, 2007, Dinham). Like my experience, the only thing I knew is that I hated public speaking and I would do anything possible to get out of it. As a teacher, most of the time it is easy to give encouraging, positive feedback.
However, it is in the other times that we have to dig deep to find an appropriate feedback response that will not discourage a student’s learning. This is where the good teachers, the ones students remember forever in a positive light, separate themselves from the others.
A teacher has the distinct responsibility to nurture a student’s learning and to provide feedback in such a manner that the student does not leave the classroom feeling defeated. Here you will find 20 ideas and techniques on how to give effective learning feedback that will leave your students with the feeling they can conquer the world.
20 Ways to Provide Effective Feedback
1. Feedback should be educative in nature.
Providing feedback means giving students an explanation of what they are doing correctly AND incorrectly. However, the focus of the feedback should be based essentially on what the students is doing right. It is most productive to a student’s learning when they are provided with an explanation and example as to what is accurate and inaccurate about their work.
Use the concept of a “feedback sandwich” to guide your feedback: Compliment, Correct, Compliment.
2. Feedback should be given in a timely manner.
When feedback is given immediately after showing proof of learning, the student responds positively and remembers the experience about what is being learned in a confident manner. If we wait too long to give feedback, the moment is lost and the student might not connect the feedback with the action.
3. Be sensitive to the individual needs of the student.
It is vital that we take into consideration each student individually when giving feedback. Our classrooms are full of diverse learners. Some students need to be nudged to achieve at a higher level and other needs to be handled very gently so as not to discourage learning and damage self-esteem. A balance between not wanting to hurt a student’s feelings and providing proper encouragement is essential.
4. Ask the 4 questions.
Studies of effective teaching and learning (Dinham, 2002, 2007a; 2007b) have shown that learners want to know where they stand in regards to their work. Providing answers to the following four questions on a regular basis will help provide quality feedback. These four questions are also helpful when providing feedback to parents:
- What can the student do?
- What can’t the student do?
- How does the student’s work compare with that of others?
- How can the student do better?
5. Feedback should reference a skill or specific knowledge.
This is when rubrics become a useful tool. A rubric is an instrument to communicate expectations for an assignment. Effective rubrics provide students with very specific information about their performance, comparative to an established range of standards. For younger students, try highlighting rubric items that the student is meeting or try using a sticker chart.
6. Give feedback to keep students “on target” for achievement.
Regular ‘check-ins’ with students lets them know where they stand in the classroom and with you. Utilize the ‘4 questions’ to guide your feedback.
7. Host a one-on-one conference.
Providing a one-on-one meeting with a student is one of the most effective means of providing feedback. The student will look forward to having the attention and allows the opportunity to ask necessary questions. A one-on-one conference should be generally optimistic, as this will encourage the student to look forward to the next meeting.
As with all aspects of teaching, this strategy requires good time management. Try meeting with a student while the other students are working independently. Time the meetings so that they last no longer than 10 minutes.
8. Feedback can be given verbally, non-verbally or in written form.
Be sure to keep your frowns in check. It is imperative that we examine our non-verbal cues. Facial expressions and gestures are also means of delivering feedback. This means that when you hand back that English paper, it is best not to scowl.
9. Concentrate on one ability.
It makes a far greater impact on the student when only one skill is critiqued versus the entire paper being the focus of everything that is wrong. For example, when I taught Writer’s Workshop at the elementary level, I would let students know that for that day I was going to be checking on the indentation of paragraphs within their writing. When I conferenced with a student, that was my focus instead of all the other aspects of their writing. The next day would feature a new focus.
10. Alternate due dates for your students/classes.
Utilize this strategy when grading papers or tests. This strategy allows you the necessary time to provide quality, written feedback. This can also include using a rotation chart for students to conference with at a deeper more meaningful level. Students will also know when it is their turn to meet with you and are more likely to bring questions of their own to the conference.
11. Educate students on how to give feedback to each other.
Model for students what appropriate feedback looks like and sounds like. As an elementary teacher, we call this ‘peer conferencing’. Train students to give each other constructive feedback in a way that is positive and helpful. Encourage students to use post-it notes to record the given feedback.
12. Ask another adult to give feedback.
The principal at the school I taught at would often volunteer to grade history tests or read student’s writing pieces. You can imagine how the student’s quality of work increased tenfold! If the principal is too busy (and most are), invite a ‘guest’ teacher or student teacher to critique work.
13. Have the student take notes.
During a conference over a test, paper or a general ‘check in’, have the student do the writing while you do the talking. The student can use a notebook to jot down notes as you provide the verbal feedback.
14. Use a notebook to keep track of student progress.
Keep a section of a notebook for each student. Write daily or weekly, dated comments about each student as necessary. Keep track of good questions the student asks, behavior issues, areas for improvement, test scores etc. Of course this requires a lot of essential time management but when it is time to conference with a student or parent, you are ready to go.
15. Return tests, papers or comment cards at the beginning of class.
Returning papers and tests at the beginning of class, rather than at the end, allows students to ask necessary questions and to hold a relevant discussion.
16. Use Post-It notes.
Sometimes seeing a comment written out is more effective than just hearing it aloud. During independent work time, try writing feedback comments on a post-it note. Place the note on the student’s desk the feedback is meant for. One of my former students had a difficult time staying on task but he would get frustrated and embarrassed when I called him out on his inattentive behaviors in front of the class.
He would then shut down and refused to do any work because he was mad that I humiliated him. I resorted to using post-it notes to point out when he was on task or not. Although it was not the most effective use of my time, it really worked for him.
17. Give genuine praise.
Students are quick to figure out which teachers use meaningless praise to win approval. If you are constantly telling your students “Good Job” or “Nice Work” then, over time, these words become meaningless. Make a big deal out of a student’s A+ on that vocabulary test. If you are thrilled with a student’s recent on-task behaviors, go above and beyond with the encouragement and praise.
Make a phone call home to let mom or dad know how thrilled you are with the student’s behavior. Comments and suggestions within genuine feedback should also be ‘focused, practical and based on an assessment of what the student can do and is capable of achieving’ (Dinham).
18. “I noticed….”
Make an effort to notice a student’s behavior or effort at a task. For example; “I noticed when you regrouped correctly in the hundreds column, you got the problem right.” “I noticed you arrived on time to class this entire week.” Acknowledging a student and the efforts they are making goes a long way to positively influence academic performance.
19. Provide a model or example.
Communicate with your students the purpose for an assessment and/or feedback. Demonstrate to students what you are looking for by giving them an example of what an A+ paper looks like. Provide a contrast of what a C- paper looks like. This is especially important at the upper learning levels.
20. Invite students to give YOU feedback.
Remember when you finished a class in college and you were given the chance to ‘grade’ the professor? How nice was it to finally tell the professor that the reading material was so incredibly boring without worrying about it affecting your grade? Why not let students give you feedback on how you are doing as a teacher?
Make it so that they can do it anonymously. What did they like about your class? What didn’t they like? If they were teaching the class, what would they do differently? What did they learn the most from you as a teacher? If we are open to it, we will quickly learn a few things about ourselves as educators. Remember that feedback goes both ways and as teachers it is wise to never stop improving and honing our skills as teachers.
A version of this post first appeared on opencolleges.edu.au; image attribution flickr user nist6ss | <urn:uuid:61890856-4f0d-443f-8ef4-458fb303a718> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://teachthought.com/pedagogy/assessment/20-ways-to-provide-effective-feedback-for-learning/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00540-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956485 | 2,149 | 4 | 4 |
Ales have traditionally been used to describe beer that has been made without the use of hops. Over time though the name ale has been used as a name for a beer that uses a type of yeast that works best with a high temperature and ferments at the top of a fermenting vat rather then the cooler lagers where the yeast does it’s converting work near the bottom of the fermentator.
The truth is that most yeast that brewers use today are more likely to be a mix between top and bottom fermentating yeasts which are more likely to settle around the middle. Ales traditionally complete fermentation faster and produce a more fruity complex flavour as a result of the higher temperature of the fermentation. The label, ale, to describe top fermenting beers or indeed Strong Belgiums or
German beers is something that is a relatively new concept that only came about because international beer styles started to gain in popularity in places such as the United States and England in the 1980’s thanks to people like Michael Jackson. So the end result is that ales are often used to describe a wide range of beers across the taste spectrum and with their more complex and fruity characters they are often the style of choice for people who profess to be a beer geek, unless they walk the path to the dark side.
To learn more about ale, especially real ale check out the work of CAMRA (Campaign for Real Ale) | <urn:uuid:9b951757-a676-441a-827d-ecf610f3d5eb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://windshakesthebarley.wordpress.com/ales-of-all-kinds/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00244-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95303 | 288 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Cutbacks are hitting maternity services across the country just as the decade-long baby boom is starting to take off again, according to the Royal College of Midwives.
New birth figures for the first quarter of this year reveal that 4,600 more babies were born in England in January to March than in the same period last year.
These figures suggest that more than 700,000 babies will be born in England this year, which will be the highest number of any year since 1971. Rises were also recorded in Scotland and Wales.
“The baby boom is restarting with renewed vigour,” said RCM chief executive Cathy Warwick.
“We are already at birth numbers that haven’t been seen for at least a couple of generations, probably not in the working life of any midwife practising today. Today’s midwives simply have never seen anything like it. The demand this is placing on the NHS is enormous.”
“Even before this most recent rise, the growing number of births was outpacing the recent growth in midwife numbers. The average number of births per midwife, for example, has worsened in the North West, the West Midlands, London, and the South West, as well as across England as a whole.
“Our calculation is that England is short of 5,000 full-time equivalent midwives (FTE), and that Wales is short of over 150 FTE midwives. Scotland and Northern Ireland are not short of midwives currently, but their ageing workforces mean that they do need to keep recruiting new midwives to avoid the emergence of a retirement time-bomb.
A survey of midwives across the UK found that 19 out of every 20 midwives reported that in the last 12 months staff shortages had occurred “frequently” or “sometimes”.
As a result, 87 per cent of midwives responding to the same survey said they “frequently” or “always” worked more than their contracted hours.
At the same time, more than a quarter of UK heads of midwifery report that their budget has been cut in the last 12 months.
Job prospects for newly-qualified midwives are increasingly bleak, too. The findings of a survey of newly-qualified midwives reveal that a third of new midwives who have started looking for work have not found a job as a midwife. Of these, almost a half have been looking for more than three months and only a third feel optimistic about their chances of finding work in the sector.
Cathy Warwick said: “What is so frustrating is that there is a clear need for more midwives. We have record-breaking birth figures, and we need all the midwives we can get. We’re training midwives, but we’re not recruiting them. That is a sad waste of all their time and effort, and a waste of taxpayers’ money too.
“ We have to stop throwing away the talents of these young midwives and recruit them into the service. They are needed, and it’s an utterly false economy not to bring them into the NHS.” | <urn:uuid:7366909b-222d-4eeb-96ef-ed9a2825e6b4> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.bedfordtoday.co.uk/news/new-baby-boom-means-maternity-services-are-on-a-knife-edge-1-4465607 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718296.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00540-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974373 | 656 | 1.84375 | 2 |
At Green Thumb Industries LLC, we’ve also observed a growing trend amongst homeowners here in Greenville and in the neighboring cities of Parker, Gantt, Berea, Wade Hampton and Mauldin. Our clients are very concerned about water wastage and are looking for more efficient irrigation systems.
This demand is prevalent in Taylors, Greer, Simpsonville, Easley and Spartanburg as well. In all our service areas, we’ve been installing better, more efficient irrigation systems. These systems reduce water wastage and still give the plants, trees and grass the amount of water they need.
Two types of irrigation systems are commonly used by homeowners. Both of them, with proper management and maintenance can save you some money on your utility bills.
Sprinkler Irrigation SystemsIt is very easy to take a sprinkler system for granted. It doesn’t demand much attention from you after all. Since you don’t see them unless they’re switched on, they’re generally neglected enough to become inefficient over time. When we install a sprinkler system, we ensure that you know how to keep them efficient and functioning for a long time.
Sprinkler systems are very popular, especially in properties with large, expansive lawns. They are great for watering grass and groundcover, essentially lawns that are spread out over a large area. Sprinklers disperse water evenly at regular intervals without any need for direction from you. Most of these systems are automated and will activate at a scheduled time.
It is important to install a sprinkler irrigation system properly. The areas covered by each sprinkler head should overlap, or it would lead to uneven distribution of water and wastage. They also shouldn’t be placed near hardscaping because that would cause overflow.
While sprinklers are great for lawns, they’re not very efficient for supplying water to trees, plants and shrubs. Sprinklers disperse water in the air so the water would fall on leaves and branches when it is actually required in the roots.
Drip IrrigationPeople who wish to prevent water wastage usually prefer drip irrigation. This system is great for plants, trees and shrubs since you’re supplying water directly to the roots. In this system, we use flexible tubes that are connected to different emitters. These emitters can be large or small, depending on the quality of water you wish to supply.
One of the major advances of drip irrigation systems is that you can customize the amount of water each plant receives. Since it is deposited at the roots and isn’t being dispersed through the air, there’s very little water wastage.
If you have more questions on irrigation systems or need an estimate, give Green Thumb Industries LLC a call at 864-201-0101. We’ll be happy to hear from you! | <urn:uuid:972fa77b-a1b7-41f9-a919-82a0eb9c9b2b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.landscapersingreenvillesc.com/services/irrigation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.948254 | 602 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Training and Coaching is committed to providing top quality distance studying options that reply to the totally different wants of scholars, schools, and school divisions to be able to support flexibility and increased academic alternatives for learners in Manitoba, regardless of geographic location. Citing several studies, Louis Soares, chief learning and innovation officer for the American Council on Training, says that a couple of third of all adult students — roughly 13 million — are pursuing advanced degrees online. Distance studying overcomes the constraints of a campus and allows rapid progress in student numbers.
You study using research supplies and on-line studying resources which might be designed for energetic studying. Otto Peters on distance schooling: The industrialization of educating and learning, 107-127. Our evaluation is particular to a quite common learning setting, particularly massive introductory courses with many students and quite standardised content.
Harry memaparkan bagaimana kondisi, dan tantangan yang dihadapi dalam dunia online schooling di Indonesia saat ini serta potensi kedepannya. Kedua, kesiapan infrastruktur di beberapa daerah masih relatif jauh dari harapan untuk penerapan e-studying yang optimum.
Many open universities makes use of a blend of applied sciences and a blend of studying modalities (face-to-face, distance, and hybrid) all underneath the rubric of “distance learning”. In trendy techniques, an EO course can be a set of micromodules or blocks of academic material that can be used in other programs.
To attain this, all learners should be supplied an satisfactory entry to the academic surroundings. Implementasi dari open contents, open courseware dan open training yang terintegrasi dalam Indonesia Open Educational Resources (I-OER) merupakan salah satu upaya mengatasi keterbatasan tersebut.… | <urn:uuid:95bb675a-da6f-489c-afd8-b67fb74bfd5f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.absurdtosublime.net/page/69/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.743883 | 403 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Creating with Interactive Media
- Course Number: MPATE-GE 2038
- Hours: 30
- Units: 3
- Description: A study of the principles & practice of interactive media; surveying strategies, aesthetics, techniques, & software. Various works will be analyzed for insight into creative process as applied to interactive media. Resources utilized include the Yamaha Disclavier & Nights Multimedia facilities.
- Old Course Number: E85.2038 | <urn:uuid:33ec6523-4563-4851-a50d-3de51be3bcda> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://steinhardt.nyu.edu/courses/course/show?id=1602 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00270-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.76355 | 92 | 1.820313 | 2 |
There is too much to say about honey combs, the fact is they are mother natures dream as long as they are not man-made. Honey acts as an antimicrobial agent because it contains an enzyme that produces small amounts of hydrogen peroxide, which is deadly to mainly pathogenic microorganism, according to the Biochemical, Physiological and Molecular Aspects of Human Nutrition.
As such, honey can relieve some forms of gastritis and may be able to combat stomach ulcers caused by certain bacteria. Raw honey also acts a strong antioxidant, which scavenge harmful free-radicals linked to tissue damage, aging and even cancer.
Categories: Life Cycles | <urn:uuid:0ee9cd11-9b48-4e06-9637-d6eeaf00792e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mesubim.com/2014/09/19/natural-honey-comb/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.958215 | 137 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Order management defines how an organization gets an order by both manual and electronic means, fills, ships, and manages an order. In other words, it identifies and puts in motion the logistics infrastructure of the company. All these processes are determined by how a company manages an order. There are two stages of order management. The first one is influencing the order. This is where the company tries to alter the manner in which customers place orders. The second stage is order execution. This is where the company receives the order (Altekar, 2005).
Types of Demand and Its Influence on the Supply Chain
There are two types of demand: dependent and independent demand. Independent demand is the one for primary commodity while dependent demand is the one for that is caused by the demand for the independent commodity. For instance, the demand for cars is the demand for a finished or primary product hence is independent, and is caused by the customer. The demand for car tires will then be termed as dependent since the number of tires needed is determined by the number of cars demanded.
In most cases, forecasting techniques centers on independent demand. For instance, a car manufacturer will forecast the demand during the given period. In that level of demand, the manufacturer will be aware of the tires that are required for each car demanded. There is no need for the manufacturer at this point to forecast the demand for tires (Coyle, 2009). From a different point of view, because these are dependent demand items, the tire manufacturer will be expected to anticipate the demand for tires. However, there is no need to predict the demand for rims since every tire needs only one rim. Though forecasting will be done at independent stage, each enterprise in a given supply chain will have unique definitions for dependent and independent commodities. | <urn:uuid:5154f3b5-3f06-4f35-9d9f-9bd06c20b2f3> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://supremeessays.com/samples/Management/order-management.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988725475.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183845-00510-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949139 | 357 | 3.125 | 3 |
WASHINGTON, June 30, 2013 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- Following is the daily "Profile America" feature from the U.S. Census Bureau:
SUNDAY, JUNE 30: FLUID SITUATION
Profile America — Sunday, June 30th. In the past, hot summer days meant that some enterprising youngsters in the neighborhood would set up a lemonade stand or the family would share a pitcher of iced tea on the front porch to cool off. In recent times, we usually resort to something in a bottle or can to slake our year-round thirsts. Today, the drink of choice is often a soft drink, usually carbonated. As a result, soft drink manufacturing is a more than $41 billion a year business. Bottled water has surged in popularity in recent years. The 319 water bottling establishments ship over $4.5 billion worth of product annually. You can find more facts about America's people, places and economy from the American Community Survey at www.census.gov.
Sources: 2007 Economic Census, NAICS 312111
2007 Economic Census, NAICS 312112
Profile America is produced by the Center for New Media and Promotions of the U.S. Census Bureau. These daily features are available as produced segments, ready to air, on a monthly CD or on the Internet at http://www.census.gov (look for "Multimedia Gallery" by the "Newsroom" button).
SOURCE U.S. Census Bureau | <urn:uuid:e47cb5ff-ca91-49ce-8a64-a2bc07045c02> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/us-census-bureau-daily-feature-for-june-30-213728841.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00012-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953971 | 313 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Courtesy of Paul Wenzel
Ron and Sandra Hansen of California with their vintage 1921 Duesenberg Model A Phaeton, the second ever sold by the legendary automaker. Body work on the classic car was done at Fleetwood Metal Body Co.
A vintage Duesenberg built 93 years ago in Fleetwood was recently featured in the Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance in California.
The 1921 Model A Phaeton, one of the earliest Duesenberg passenger cars, had undergone a $1 million restoration in preparation for Pebble Beach, among the most prestigious shows in the country.
Arnold Schmidt spent six years restoring the car for Ron and Sandra Hansen of Fillmore, Calif.
"It was a lot of fun bringing such a great car back to life," said Schmidt, whose shop is in Valencia, Calif.
The original bodywork on the car, identified as Duesenberg No. 603, was done by craftsmen at Fleetwood Metal Body Co.
A company history includes a photograph of No. 603 and another book shows an artist's sketch of the same car.
Ordered from Fleetwood on March 8, 1921, it was delivered to the Duesenberg factory on Nov. 14, 1921 - suggesting the work in Fleetwood took about eight months. It was the second passenger vehicle sold by Frederick and August Duesenberg, who began making cars a year earlier in Indianapolis, Ind.
Duesenberg's first dual-cowl open touring car, it had a front and a rear, or tonneau, windshield.
On the cutting edge
Fleetwood Metal Body Co. was founded in 1909, a pivotal time in the burgeoning American auto industry.
A year earlier, Henry Ford began building Model T Fords on an assembly line, a development that would revolutionize the way cars were manufactured.
While Fords were mass produced for the mass market, high-end cars like Packard, Mercedes-Benz and Duesenberg were handcrafted in coach works like Fleetwood.
Wealthy buyers would purchase a chassis - frame, engine and drive train - from the manufacturer. The chassis would be sent to a coach works, where the body would be custom-made by skilled craftsmen.
For about 20 years, Fleetwood did custom coach work for European royalty, world leaders and movie stars.
President Herbert Hoover, the Emperor of Japan and members of the Vanderbilt and Rockefeller families had cars built at Fleetwood. Silent screen stars Mary Pickford and Rudolph Valentino were frequent customers, often visiting Fleetwood to view their cars under production.
"Mary Pickford would chat with craftsmen as they were working on her car," said William Strause, president of the Fleetwood Area Historical Society. "One of Valentino's cars was still being worked on when he died in 1926."
Another frequent visitor to Fleetwood was Fred Duesenberg, a former racecar builder who would produce what many consider the finest American car.
A well-traveled road
When it rolled out of Fleetwood in November 1921, the classy Duesenberg Model A Phaeton signaled the birth of an American automotive legacy.
One of 600 Model A's built between 1921 and 1926, it typified the cutting-edge style and engineering that established Duesenberg as a premiere American automaker.
Actually, No. 603 was the third passenger car Duesenberg made, but the second sold.
No. 601 survives, and was also featured this year at Pebble Beach. The fate of No. 602 is not known.
The Model A featured an 8-cylinder overhead cam engine and four-wheel hydraulic brakes, innovative features for the time.
In "Ninety Years of Fleetwood," automotive historian Thomas E. Bonsall reports that Fleetwood Metal Body Co. built a small but significant number of Model A's.
While many orders originated with individual customers, most are believed to have come from the factory.
Duesenberg's chassis was one of the most expensive offered by any manufacturer at the time.
A Model T Ford sold for $400, while a Duesenberg cost around $7,000.
Duesenberg No. 603 was delivered to its owner in 1922, believed to have been a wealthy Chicago family. The owner's identity and the cost of the car are not known.
In the following 25 years, which included the Great Depression and World War II, the historic car came upon hard times - as did the nation.
By 1947, two years after the end of World War II, Fred Huttleson of Sacramento, Calif., bought it for $212. Huttleson's son drove the car to high school.
Stuart Exon, a Missouri surgeon, bought it in 1972 for $20,000. The Hansens bought it from Exon for $90,000 in 2007.
Under Schmidt's guidance, the vintage Dusie underwent 10,000 hours of restoration work over six years in preparation for its debut at Pebble Beach.
While the car had a steel frame, its body was made of white pine encased in aluminum. The wood had rotted and the body had to be rebuilt.
"It was a challenge to bring it back," Schmidt said. "It was one of the most difficult restorations of my career."
The years of hard work paid off recently when Schmidt drove the cream-colored Dusie in a Classic Car Club of America meet in California.
"It's a very nimble car for its age," Schmidt said. "It's very easy to drive."
Contact Ron Devlin: 610-371-5030 or email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:a1204851-7629-435f-a90a-52296b8b5395> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www2.readingeagle.com/article.aspx?id=523037 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00407-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969676 | 1,175 | 2.015625 | 2 |
If left untreated, wood will begin greying, which is caused by UV rays. Any wood that is left outside exposed to the elements will eventually rot. The speed of the decay depends on one thing only: Is the wood allowed to dry?
Four conditions rot needs to occur:
So what is the one thing that causes decay?
Fungi. The simplest of all plant life. Microscopic fungus spores are all around us. Wherever they land, if the four conditions above are present, then you will have rot, and that rot will continue as long as those conditions are present.
Even if you remedy the conditions, the fungus is still present and will resume growth (aka rot) when the conditions are more favourable. | <urn:uuid:5aa4e133-34f3-481d-b455-d061d54d43b4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gardenstuff.co.za/faq-items/will-the-wood-rot-or-change-colour/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.948265 | 166 | 3.0625 | 3 |
You’ve likely heard of it, but if you’ve worked with accountants and haven’t had as much of a hands-on approach to finances, bank reconciliation is the process of matching the transactions from your bank records with those in your business records. In other words, the incoming payments from customer match with the invoices you’ve created, and the outgoing payments match with your expenses.
Yes, it sounds a bit tedious, especially if you have to go through each payment one-by-one. But below we show you just how important it is as well as provide some tips for making bank reconciliation fast and simple.
Why should you do bank reconciliation?
Bank reconciliation is incredibly important for a number of reasons. There are two primary ones that come to mind. The first is preventing mistakes such as receipts recorded incorrectly, payments that weren’t entered and other events that could impact on your monthly finances.
The second is uncovering fraud. If your company credit card details have been stolen online, for example, and your provider doesn’t catch it, keeping up with your reconciliation gives you a strong chance of finding these cases sooner.
Not only is it a primary defense against fraud and avoiding potentially costly mistakes, it also can help with a few other things:
Saving money - that’s right. When you spend the time to go through both your incoming and outgoing payments each month, it’s much easier to catch those things you meant to cancel (but forgot to), or even find fees you’re being charged that can be disputed or negotiated down.
Preventing unexpected payments - you’ve had it happen to you. You suddenly notice an electronic payment that didn’t go through or maybe your supplier held on to your cheque a bit longer than expected. When reconciling your accounts, you catch these surprises in time.
Monitoring your cash flow - a given. As a small business, there usually isn’t a lot of extra capital to go around, so it’s crucial to stay on top of how what you have is being used and adjust as necessary. Growing a business with strong financial records can mean better interest from potential investors in the future.
These are just a few of the main reasons to be sure to take the time to conduct bank reconciliation for your business accounts, not to mention a better overview of the current financial health of your business.
How does bank reconciliation work?
Basically, it means matching the payments from your bank account with your records of the payments in your business accounting. Explained simply, the incoming payments might match up to invoices, and the outgoing to specific expenses you’ve recorded.
It probably sounds like a tedious task and it certainly can be if it comes down to matching each payment one-by-one. But thankfully, there are many solutions today that make this process a little less painful.
How often should you do bank reconciliation?
Most financial professionals will suggest taking time to sit down and get your bank reconciliation done on a regular basis. But how often should you be scheduling that time in your calendar?
A bit of quick research will provide you with the answer: once a month is a good timeframe to go by. This is often enough that you ensure your accounts are up-to-date and have time to investigate anything that isn’t quite matching up. But it’s not too often that you’re spending unnecessary time each week, for example.
It also helps that most banks issue statements once a month, so once you have your bank statement it becomes faster and easier to go through your payments.
Bank reconciliation and accounting software
If you’re looking for an easier solution than sitting down each month to manually match each payment in your bank statement to the corresponding invoices and expenses, it exists. With the right accounting & invoicing software, it can be done automatically.
What that means is all that is required from you is to upload a .csv file of your bank statement to your software and automatic bank reconciliation takes care of the rest so you can get this important task done quickly and efficiently. | <urn:uuid:0bd9542e-2371-4629-a987-a221eab60047> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://debitoor.com/blog/bank-reconciliation-do-you-need-it | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.961663 | 860 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Need some high quality images to work on? High resolution images are those that are at least 300 dpi (dots per inch)... In layman's terms, high quality. When an image is less than 300 dpi, you will notice a loss in quality and an add-in of pixelation when printed.
In this video, tips are given on where to find high res images on the web, plus a cool trick to use with these images in Adobe Bridge.
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- 41% off NetSpot Home Wi-Fi Analyzer: Lifetime Upgrades | <urn:uuid:48ef9177-88a7-4c5d-acdf-ee04144585f3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://photoshop-tutorials.wonderhowto.com/how-to/find-download-high-resolution-images-web-295952/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.81183 | 276 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Offered: Fall, Spring
Installation and Performance Art are both based on the merger of Space and Time and on a relationship between the artist and the audience which is interdependent. Utilizing their interests and abilities in a variety of subjects and media, students in this course create environments that immerse the viewer in a sensory/intellectual/emotional experience. Classes include visits to artists' studios and demonstrations and presentations by the instructor and visiting artists about art skills particularly useful in installation and performance. Students undertake research, give reports, maintain sketchbooks, and participate in critiques, openings, other cultural events, and the SACI end-of-term exhibition. Students may incorporate a variety of media, including photographs, paintings, drawings, videos, sounds, sculptural materials, found objects, their own body and/or someone else’s body in works that expand the physical boundaries of art beyond the “neutral” wall or the display of isolated objects on pedestals. They can also realize performances or artistic actions in public spaces or other venues in Florence.
(See syllabi below. An updated syllabus will be posted at the beginning of each term.) | <urn:uuid:ca570a1b-3743-47d3-8703-f073b7aa1ea5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.saci-florence.edu/course.php?id=71 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00392-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928479 | 238 | 2.375 | 2 |
The new 2010 CPR Guidelines are out. These guidelines really aren’t a substantial change from the past as far as CPR is concerned. Interestingly enough, the American Heart Association has chosen to change some of the steps of CPR. Personally, I think it is a grave mistake. I will explain briefly.
The ILCOR 2005 Guidelines call for CPR in a methodical 3 step process designed purely for simplification. The 3 steps are: 1. Airway; 2. Breathing and; 3. Circulation (Compressions). Seems relatively easy to remember, right? In simple terminology, you want to open the Airway, give some Breaths and then start Compressions; hence the acronym ABC. I think this makes it so easy to remember. And I’m sure thousands of others agree as well.
Now, the American Heart Association has chosen to make a change to their curriculum which has not been based on conclusive scientific evidence. The new guidelines call for Compressions prior to Airway and Breathing. So the new acronym is CAB. I think this is a horrible idea and will result in less retention because it is not nearly as easy to remember as ABC. I hope I am wrong, but my hypothesis is that it will result in less lives being saved because of the complication of terminology. Additionally, there is no conclusive scientific evidence to support the change. As stated, “There is insufficient evidence to support or refute the effectiveness of the combination of chest compressions plus airway opening and oxygen inflation (compared with conventional CPR) by professional rescuers during the first few minutes of resuscitation from cardiac arrest.” – ILCOR ERC 2010 Paper. p. e6.
Hopefully, the American Heart Association will change their guidelines to fall in line with previous ILCOR guidelines and work harder towards international consensus and sharing of scientific data which yields positive results. For this reason, I would advocate continuing to use the ABCs instead of changing. | <urn:uuid:2a3fd93f-7660-4705-9da3-eaabc4e2447f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cprguidelines.org/?tag=ilcor | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00070-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955443 | 404 | 2.265625 | 2 |
1000 years of missing science Understand article
Yasmin Khan from the Science Museum in London, UK, reveals how deeply our modern civilisation has been enriched by previous Muslim civilisations – and argues for a more balanced approach to the history of science.
Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and Albert Einstein. The chances are that if you try to remember which scientists you were taught about at school, these names will be on your list. But how many students will learn about scholars from non-Western civilisations, such as Ibn al-Haitham, a Muslim scholar of optics who first developed the laws of light reflection and invented the pinhole camera in the 11th century? Or Ibn Nafis, who first recorded observations on pulmonary blood circulation, a theory attributed to William Harvey 300 years later? How about Abbas ibn Firnas, who made the first attempt of human flight in the 9th century, using adjustable wings covered with feathers? And how many would know of Zeng He, the Chinese Muslim admiral who used refined technology to construct fleets of massive non-metal ship vessels five centuries ago?
Many are unaware of the extent to which our modern civilisation has been enriched by a series of past great civilisations, which include a largely unacknowledged and untaught Muslim heritage. This heritage has become part of European mainstream culture over the centuries and is manifest, for example, in our treasured architectural icons such as the dome of St Paul’s Cathedral in London, UK, and in the horseshoe arches and gothic ribs of Al-Hambra in Granada, Spain.
Even the way we speak shows the influence of languages from other cultures: many English words used in science, such as alchemy, algorithm, alkali, amalgam and zero, have their roots in the Arabic language and are a small demonstration of the cultural interconnectivity that has enriched Western civilisation over many centuries. The history of astronomy also reveals conspicuous examples of Muslim influences, such as in the naming of stars. Betelgeuse, Rigel, Vega, Aldebaran and Fomalhaut are among the names that are directly Arabic in origin or are Arabic translations of Ptolemy’s Greek descriptions. Other terms, such as azimuth (al-sumut), nadir (nazir), and zenith (al-samt), are also derived from Arabic.
The discoveries described above were made during a period commonly misconstrued in history textbooks as the Dark Ages. In fact, in the Muslim world, the period from circa 600-1600 CE was a prolific era of creative enquiry into science, technology and engineering and a time of advancement in civilisation, which would later act as a catalyst for the Western Renaissance. Amongst European scholars who were profoundly influenced and inspired by Muslim scholars were Roger Bacon, Leonardo da Vinci, Kepler, Michelangelo, Copernicus, Andreas Veselius and Galileo.
There has been much study of Muslim contributions to science and civilisation, yet research findings have until recently been confined to academia, a major barrier for teachers and students who seek easy-to-understand material. Four years ago, the UK-based Foundation for Science, Technology and Civilisation (FSTC), began a mission to popularise the Muslim contributions to civilisation through its Muslim heritage websitew1. For the first time, thanks to the Internet, information about this neglected period of history was readily and freely accessible to the wider public. The website has rapidly become a popular source for information on the Muslim contribution to science and a key resource for teachers and educators who wish to incorporate links to the history of science in their lessons.
After the launch of the website, the demand for more materials and resources on the subject increased rapidly. To address this gap, a touring, interactive educational exhibition was developed on Muslim scientific and technological discoveries, contributions and inventions. This exhibition, entitled 1001 Inventionsw2, was launched in the UK at the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchesterw3 earlier this year.
For the first time, museum visitors, including vast numbers of school groups, had the opportunity to discover innovations from Muslim heritage, many of which still have an impact on our lives. These range from the discovery of coffee as a recreational beverage to the development of sophisticated mechanical devices, as well as basic jet propulsion and rockets. We could all learn much from the Muslim scientists, scholars, polymaths and pioneers of the past, such as the 10th century medic Abul Qasim Al-Zahrawi (known in the West as Abulcasis) who dedicated his life to a multitude of indispensable inventions and innovations that still benefit humanity today. His discoveries include the use of catgut in surgery such as caesarean sections and an array of surgical instruments, including the forceps used in childbirth.
A favourite part of the exhibition is a picturesque manuscript illustrating Muslim astronomers working in a 16th century Turkish observatory, clad in traditional robes, turbans and beards. These men are forgotten role models: dutifully star-gazing, making and recording observations, taking precise measurements and performing scientific experiments as a sincere expression of their faith, searching for knowledge to benefit humanity.
Such was the degree of altruism and philanthropy that the golden age of Islamic science lasted for more than 1000 years. There is much debate about what caused the decline of this period in the 17th century, but we would benefit from encouraging students, Muslim and non-Muslim alike, to draw inspiration from this rich civilisation and heritage.
I once overheard a science teacher describing the complaints of her students: they were bored with being taught about scientists who were mostly men and of Anglo origin. This is symptomatic of the existing orthodoxy, which views history and science with a Eurocentric lens, ignoring contributions from other civilisations. Teachers recognise the importance to a student’s development of accessible role models to identify with and relate to. Young female students who aspire to careers in science, particularly those of ethnic origins, could find inspiration from unsung heroines of the past. For instance, Miriam al-Ijli al-Astrulabi, who hand-crafted intricate astrolabes, an early type of global positioning system, or entrepreneur Fatima al-Fihri, who in the 9th century founded the world’s oldest university in Morocco.
Initiatives such as the 1001 Inventions project can encourage young people to participate in and contribute to society. These programmes can have a lasting and positive impact on this and the next generation of entrepreneurs, scientists, engineers and doctors from all communities. The current exhibition has already shown the positive outcomes of constructive representations of historical Muslim achievement. In June 2006, journalist David Bocking, who shadowed a school group visit to the 1001 Inventions exhibition, reported in the UK’s Times Educational Supplement the poignant comments of a young Muslim boy:
“This has taught us a lot,” said Hassan Zaffar. “I’m a Muslim and it gives me inspiration. It makes you look up to these people, and feel proud of them. It makes you want to go and do something like that yourself.”
Educators and policy-makers are gradually realising the need for a more accurate and inclusive account of the history of science as part of school education, which includes an appreciation of the contributions of civilisations that excelled long before our own. The future challenge will be for science curriculum developers to find ways of integrating this into mainstream school science lessons.
Instilling our children with a more inclusive and balanced world-view through our education system is fundamental to maintaining a harmonious co-existence in our society. A shift towards a more balanced account of the history of science is a step in the right direction. Students might thrive if they are exposed to ideas and knowledge that will help to cultivate their identity and to remind them of the different legacies that have shaped their world. These legacies include a shared and rich Muslim heritage, still visible in Europe and the rest of the world. This particular heritage might have been largely forgotten, but is now being rediscovered by all those with an interest in human civilisation and progress.
- w1 – The Muslim Heritage website is an online education community that brings together Muslims and non-Muslims seeking to advance civilisation through the study of our Muslim heritage
- w2 – An extensive website containing much of the information from the 1001 Inventions exhibition is available here: www.1001inventions.com
- w3 – Information about the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester is available here: http://msimanchester.org.uk/
- The Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation is a not-for-profit organisation which seeks to popularise the Muslim contribution to the West
- 1001 Inventions was displayed at the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester until 3 September 2006 and will tour the UK and Europe. For more information and to download a free teacher’s pack, endorsed by the British Association for the Advancement of Science, visit: www.1001inventions.com
- A supporting book is also available for purchase: Al-Hassani S (2006) 1001 Inventions: Muslim Heritage in Our World. Manchester, UK: FSTC. ISBN: 09555242606
This article is interesting to and appropriate for science teachers working with students of all ages. There is little of the history of science integrated into science lessons (certainly in the UK), and it is an area in which many teachers have limited subject knowledge. This article helps teachers think beyond the regular scientists that most students will have come across.
Further information, and interesting stories about these Muslim scientists would be a great help. The 1001 Inventions website has an excellent teacher’s pack allowing discussion of Muslim scientists to be brought into everyday science topics, such as acids and alkalis, light and pressure, through a series of lesson plans. As the lesson plans include such regularly used science topics, it will be easy to fit these into a busy timetable. However, don’t try to download the resources if you don’t have a broadband Internet connection.
Sam Hollis, UK | <urn:uuid:8c6f616e-455f-499a-a0d1-e9f192917b81> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scienceinschool.org/article/2006/missing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.947267 | 2,104 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Why is it my responsibility to follow these protective measures?
By taking protective measures, you’re doing your part to confront this pandemic and minimize community spread of COVID-19.
Some individuals in our community are more vulnerable to COVID-19, and we need to do our part to keep them safe and stop the spread.
Can I go out to reopened businesses?
As some Wisconsin and Milwaukee County businesses like restaurants and hair salons start to reopen, it is still our shared responsibility to act safely. When you go out to businesses, make sure to continue following public health guidelines like maintaining a physical distance of 6 feet between you and others and wearing a mask. Businesses should also follow safe business practices and sanitary measures to keep our community safe during this time.
Many businesses and restaurants still offer curbside pickup, carryout and delivery.
What is physical distancing?
Physical distancing means you should maintain 6 feet between yourself and other people when not within your immediate household. Other tips to stay safe include washing your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds as frequently as possible or using hand sanitizer when necessary; covering coughs or sneezes (into the sleeve or elbow, not hands); regularly clean high-touch surfaces; not shake hands; and following all other public health recommendations issued by DHS and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control.
Is physical distancing the same as social distancing?
Almost. While it is critical to keep a safe physical distance (6 feet) from others who are not within your immediate household, it is important that our community remains socially connected to one another. Social connection is critical to maintain cultural norms and mental health. Find creative ways to connect—pick up the phone, write a letter, or stay in touch with friends and family virtually.
Why should I wear a mask in public?
The CDC recommends people wear a cloth face covering or mask that covers their nose and mouth in a public or community setting. Wearing a mask, combined with other protective measures, may help reduce the chance of spreading COVID-19 from the wearer to others.
Should my child wear a mask in public?
The CDC recommends everyone 2 years and older wear a mask or cloth face covering that covers their nose and mouth when they are out in the community. Cloth face coverings should NOT be put on babies or children younger than 2 because of the danger of suffocation.
What is a high-touch surface?
High-touch surfaces are objects frequently touched by multiple people such as tables, doorknobs, light switches, countertops, handles, desks, phones, keyboards, toilets, faucets and sinks. As a protective measure, you can practice routine cleaning to maintain a healthy environment. The CDC notes that high-touch surfaces should be cleaned with soap and water or another detergent daily.
What is the difference between cleaning and disinfecting?
Cleaning removes dirt and impurities, including germs, from surfaces. Cleaning alone does not kill germs, but it reduces the number of germs on a surface. Disinfecting kills germs on surfaces. You can practice routine cleaning using soap and water in your home to maintain a healthy environment.
I want to go out and be safe. What can I do?
Engage in outdoor activities (walk, run, bike, hike, etc.) as long as you comply with the social distancing requirements.
Support local restaurants and order carryout or delivery.
Explore new podcasts, follow your favorite writers and musicians on social media, or take virtual tours of museums and other landmarks.
Make time to connect with friends and family. A quick call to a loved one provides a welcome connection. Take advantage of free technology resources like Zoom or Skype to set up a webchat or conference call.
Workout virtually with friends via a video conference or practice meditation, yoga or tai chi.
What does self-quarantine mean?
The CDC is asking individuals who were potentially exposed to COVID-19 to self-quarantine or isolate themselves for 14 days minimize exposure to others and reduce the virus from spreading. This means:
- Stay away from other people in your home as much as possible, staying in a separate room and using a separate bathroom if available.
- Limit contact with your pets, as there is a small chance humans can pass the disease to dogs or other pets.
- Avoid having visitors unless the person needs to be in your place of residence.
- Wear a mask if you must be around other people.
- Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough/sneeze; immediately throw tissues in garbage; wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds; if that's not available, clean with hand sanitizer that has at least 60% alcohol (here's how to make your own hand sanitizer).
- Avoid sharing household items, including drinking cups, eating utensils, towels or even bedding. Wash these items thoroughly after using.
- Clean high-touch surfaces daily using a household cleaner or wipe. These include: "counters, tabletops, doorknobs, bathroom fixtures, toilets, phones, keyboards, tablets and bedside tables.
- Clean any surfaces that may be contaminated with blood, stool or any bodily fluids.
- Monitoring your symptoms. If they worsen, call your health care provider.
What is Coronavirus or COVID-19?
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness that can spread from person to person. The virus that causes COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus that was first identified during an investigation into an outbreak in Wuhan, China.
When should I get tested?
If you develop symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, fever, chills, muscle pain, sore throat or new loss of taste or smell, or if you have been in close contact with a person known to have COVID-19, stay home and call your healthcare provider. If you do not have a healthcare provider, call 2-1-1 for information on the closest testing site.
Older patients and individuals who have severe underlying medical conditions or are immunocompromised should contact their healthcare provider early, even if their symptoms are mild.
If you have severe symptoms, such as persistent pain or pressure in the chest, new confusion or inability to arouse, or bluish lips or face, contact your healthcare provider or emergency room and seek care immediately.
Where can I get tested?
Milwaukee’s Community Health Centers have increased testing capacity and now offer COVID-19 diagnostic testing and care for their patients as well as community members who have symptoms. Individuals enrolled at a health center as well as people without a regular doctor who are experiencing COVID-19 symptoms should call their nearest Community Health Center or 2-1-1 to determine if there is a need for a diagnostic testing appointment.
Health Center Contact Information | <urn:uuid:afe6eede-0387-4e7e-9134-d4a509c1b4eb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://county.milwaukee.gov/EN/Stay-Safe-MKE | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.950386 | 1,451 | 2.59375 | 3 |
3. Antonio would like to invest $5,000. He has the choice of two accounts, one that pays 2.3% compounded continuously or the other that pays 2.5% compounded quarterly. Which account would yield the higher return?
4. A manufacturer of tennis shoes is planning a new line of shoes. For the first year, the fixed costs for setting up the new production line are $28,500. The variable cost for producing each pair of shoes are estimated at $50. The sales department projects that the shoes can be sold during the first year at a price of $95 per pair.
b. What profit or loss will the company realize if 30,000 pairs of shoes are sold?
c. Find the number of pairs of shoes the company needs to produce and sell in order to break even.
d. If the company sells 100,000 pairs of shoes during the first year, compute the average cost of each pair of shoes.
Cost, Revenue and Profit Functions and Break-Even Points are investigated. | <urn:uuid:79263263-ca23-401c-bda7-d25fb2438e63> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://brainmass.com/math/graphs-and-functions/cost-revenue-and-profit-functions-and-break-even-points-70887 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00550-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950792 | 211 | 2.9375 | 3 |
After months of delay, the waste-to-energy power plant finally went into operation.
The inauguration of the Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation (GVMC) waste-to-energy (WTE) processing plant at Kapuluppada should have taken place in March this year. But due to the Covid-19 pandemic, it was delayed a couple of months. Now the power plant finally went into operation.
In 2019 the GVMC and the JIFT (Jindal Infrastructure Urban Infrastructure Limited) agreed on this project. Work then began in December 2018. The GVMC will supply 900 to 1,000 tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) to the facility on a daily basis and also bear the expenses for the transportation. 15 MW of power will be generated at the plant. | <urn:uuid:07243086-cd18-4c51-9048-d3467a2830a1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wteinternational.com/news/waste-to-energy-plant-at-kapuluppada-finally-inaugurated/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.958326 | 166 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Today starts my new section that I'll call "Blog Homework". I need to improve my English, so I'll try to write as much as possible.
I have a test on Thrusday and I said to myself
First, we learn
- Green thumb: a person has an ability to
- Sporty: a person
- Sociable: a person
- Intellect, intelligent
- What do you call/mean.....?
- What does ___mean? It's means
- How do you say....?
- "#$%&...: What's that?
JulieTIPS: When you ask HOW you use SAY, When you ask WHAT you use CALL or MEAN.
Then we learned about how
JulieTIPS: Also you can use present continuous (near future),
- Looks like a...(always for noun)
- Look....(always for adjetive)
- It is.. or it has..
- It's shaped like a....
Tall, high, short, wide, deep, long, shallow, big, tiny, huge, enormous, gigantic, minute, large, etc.
After that, or maybe before, i don't remember, but
In the last
- So do I, or too (for + similirities)
- Neither, Either (for - similirities)
We studied First and Zero Conditional,
I hope I don't have many mistakes this time.
P.D: Julie i'll miss you! I hope that in a few moths you | <urn:uuid:80f91515-ca04-4de4-aef5-1771cf49d975> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://beamena.blogspot.com/2010/05/writing-in-english-hard-homework.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00329-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938379 | 328 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Yihad Comunidades cristianas Derecho mâliki Edad media Christian Communities Maliki law Middle Ages
Materias::Investigación::55 Historia::5504 Historia por épocas
Fecha de publicación :
Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca
Maíllo Salgado, F. (1983).La guerra santa según el derecho mâliki. Su preceptiva. Su influencia en el derecho de las comunidades cristianas del medievo hispano. Studia historica. Historia medieval, 1 (2), 29-66.
[EN]The theme of holy war has been studied and examined from multiple points of view, however, there is no known work of those made so far that he did seeking to know their possible influences on the customs and the rights of Christian communities medieval Hispanic. Perhaps this is due to the widespread view that the religious status of Islamic law made him unsuitable to influence the Christian Reconquista despite this more than once scholars from different disciplines have discovered and identified revealing similarities between the two rights , and even when they Hayam been highlighted to illustrate one example, or used as scholarly or anecdotal detail, the truth is that these similarities in customs and practices of both communities warriors sanctioned by law, some have served the specialist or the student of medieval societies mainland, given that there is no systematic study of these issues, study the other hand, is missing, more plainly, the Muslims militarily and politically are the other essential component of medieval Hispanic. | <urn:uuid:11e68c37-0715-4d5b-986e-239d6ff7e948> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://gredos.usal.es/jspui/handle/10366/75637 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00351-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.794027 | 332 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Having a good brand reputation can certainly influence a consumer’s decision to purchase a product. This is why most brands and businesses today focus on building a positive brand image. Since the majority of your audience is looking online to learn about brands, it is prudent to direct your brand reputation efforts towards online review sites and social media.
This blog tells you more about brand reputation and how using marketing automation tools and strategies can help regularly monitor and maintain your brand reputation online.
What is brand reputation?
Brand reputation refers to how consumers, stakeholders, and the market as a whole perceive a brand. It is the rounding up of emotions and ideas that people associate a brand with. It is brought about by the sum of experiences about a brand which may come from in-store exposures, customer service experiences, online encounters, purchase events, after-sales services, and more.
A favorable brand reputation means that the consumer trusts the brand and its offerings and is happy, confident, and proud about buying from it. So, brands should work toward gaining a positive brand reputation.
Why is brand reputation important?
A brand’s online presence and online customer experiences contribute a lot to brand reputation. Although this has made it convenient for shoppers to make purchasing decisions and purchases, it has also ushered the need for brands to be precautious in maintaining a positive brand reputation.
Here are some brand reputation statistics that help emphasize the importance of brand reputation management.
- 78% of consumers trust online reviews, provided they seem genuine.
- 71% of social media users are likely to recommend a brand with which they had a positive experience.
- 68% of consumers are influenced to buy when they see positive reviews, and 40% are discouraged from purchasing when they see negative reviews.
- Only 14% of your prospects do not go through your brand’s online reviews
- Most customers look for at least three stars to buy from you
- 89% of prospects inspect how you respond to a review about your brand.
All these make it important for brands to include reputation management as a vital part of their marketing strategies.
What are the benefits of brand reputation management?
When a brand takes proper and persistent efforts towards managing its reputation, it’ll enjoy the following benefits.
- Increased brand awareness
- Established trust and credibility in the market
- Boosted sales
- Reduced risk
- Competitive Advantage
- Positive brand image
- Gain valuable business insights that improve results
- Customer Loyalty
- Increased Profits
- Boost brand value
- Increase customer loyalty
- Word of mouth promotion
- Business expansion
- Customer retention
- Employee retention
So, if your direct your effort towards brand reputation management, you’ll enjoy the above-listed benefits and more.
How can marketing automation help maintain your brand reputation?
To succeed in today’s competitive business place, you need to maintain your brand reputation. One essential area where you need to establish, monitor, and work on your brand reputation is social media. However, doing it manually is time-consuming, tedious, and error-prone. This is where marketing automation software can help.
Marketing automation involves using software to automate repetitive marketing tasks. Businesses and their marketers can employ this tool to manage their online reputation, nurture leads, personalize and manage campaigns, and integrate information between marketing and sales.
Marketing automation software can help you in this regard in the following ways.
- Post your compelling brand promotional messages regularly on social media.
- Track social mentions. The tool will alert you of your brand mentions on social media. You can immediately respond with a “thank you” message for positive comments and take steps to resolve complaints and grievances mentioned in negative comments.
- Identify consumers who spend more time on your site and promote your offerings to them.
- Keep track of particular users and integrate your marketing efforts toward them.
- Connect with customers and solve difficulties they are facing- at times even before they occur.
- Keep abreast of current digital marketing trends.
How to manage brand reputation with marketing automation?
For automating your brand reputation management, you need brand reputation management software. It will significantly lower your workload, and thus, bring in better results. Today, numerous good online reputation management software are available in the market. You can use one of these to manage your brand’s reputation.
A reliable software should have features for tracking brand mentions over social media, have sentiment analyzing capabilities, facilitate sending real-time notifications, integrate with other software that you are using, have an open architecture, and possess reporting and analytic capabilities, sometimes even as data visualization.
Let’s discuss how you can automate your brand reputation using this software in a step by step manner-
1. Monitor your organization’s online presence
News travels at lightning speed online. So, you need to know in real-time what people are talking about your brand. So, the first step in brand reputation management is brand monitoring. You need to monitor your online mentions so that you can react and respond to them.
This tool has features to detect your brand mentions online in real-time on social media platforms and review sites. These also facilitate sentiment analysis and analytics. Sentiment analysis means going through a lot of comments and culminating in an understanding of what people are feeling about your brand.
When it comes to analytics, the tool measures the outcomes of your marketing campaign and your social media reach (how many people could have viewed your social media post). This way, you’ll get to know the performance of your brand in the market and optimize future campaigns to ensure more efficiency.
2. Monitor online review sites
These days, people trust online reviews more than regular ads. This is because they look for genuine, authentic, and unfiltered opinions and reviews from real users based on their brand experience. Stats says that 91% of 18-34 old consumers trust these reviews just as they would trust personal recommendations from friends, colleagues, and family members. So, online reviews are crucial for your brand reputation.
With your brand reputation management tool, you can monitor reviews posted about your brand at various review sites. This in turn will facilitate-
- Addressing and resolving customer complaints immediately.
- Upgrading your products and services as per customer needs. You’ll also get to determine which feature development should be prioritized.
- Admitting and apologizing for your mistakes will show your brand in a favorable light. Thus, you can gain a good reputation even from bad reviews.
- Adding a human touch will let people understand that you really care.
- Monitoring and responding to reviews posted online immediately can also boost customer satisfaction. This will encourage customers to stay with your brand long-term. Thus, it increases their chances of being loyal to your brand.
- This will also ensure excellent customer service.
3. Monitor your competitors’ efforts
A product identical to yours could be described using more effective words and different ideas on various networks. Your product could have more and better audiences on sites that you aren’t yet into. One ideal way to discover these is by monitoring your competitor’s efforts.
Monitoring the campaigns of competitors who are more successful than you using social listening tools will reveal valuable info such as which platforms are the most accessible and efficient, how well your competitor is performing on social networks, and which hashtags are the most welcomed in your niche.
You’ll also get to identify their weaknesses by reading their negative reviews. This will help you avoid making these mistakes yourself. Further, by tracking their moves, comparing your outcomes against them, and altering your marketing, sales, and messaging to the current trends, you’ll gain a competitive edge.
4. Community engagement
Your audience wants your brand to communicate with them through social media. They seek communication in terms of product queries, appreciating your product, and receiving customer support. They also feel important as a customer when your brand interacts with them over social media.
Brand reputation management tools also help you create an engaged social media community by posting on social media. This helps you go viral if you post something very interesting or offer something world-class.
Social media posting also creates brand awareness. People get acquainted with what you offer, what your values are, how your logo looks, how your brand communicates with them, and more. Such recognition of your brand can boost your reputation among consumers and build relationships with customers.
5. Content marketing and SEO
Another crucial aspect of brand reputation management is content marketing. Your content should focus on ways to solve your customers’ pain points. You need to educate your customers instead of directly selling to them. This will help your content get popular and establish you as an authority in your niche. And this in turn will easily widen your brand’s presence and reach.
This is where SEO becomes indispensable. When your website is positioned well, it will organically rank higher for the keywords in your area. And this will drive organic web traffic and boost your brand positioning further.
Brand reputation management is indispensable for growing your business. With a favorable brand reputation, people tend to trust, be assured of, and become loyal to your brand. All these have a positive impact on your bottom line. Brand reputation in this era largely relates to the online reputation of your brand. For, people discuss the positive and negative experiences about your brand on social media sites and online review sites.
However, manually monitoring and managing your online brand mentions is extremely tiresome and error-prone. This is why you need to adopt marketing automation for managing your brand reputation. It’ll simplify the tasks and help uplift your brand. So, once more go through the steps I’ve mentioned in this blog to execute your online brand reputation management to deeply understand what you need to do. | <urn:uuid:78a51703-6551-481c-8979-ff68397c7722> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.notifyvisitors.com/blog/brand-reputation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.943169 | 2,034 | 1.617188 | 2 |
A natural gas-fired power plant planned for Oregon will be a boon for the city and surrounding area, a succession of officials said at a public hearing last week.
They believe it would be a welcome replacement for the FirstEnergy Corp. Bay Shore facility, which has been mostly shut down, and a good corporate citizen.
The hearing — held by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency at the University of Toledo Lake Erie Center in Oregon — heard comments on a draft air pollution permit for the Oregon Clean Energy LLC project. Construction is expected to start in late spring of 2014, with the plant slated to be operational in February of 2017. The developer hopes the final air pollution permit will be issued in early June.
Oregon Mayor Mike Seferian said he was approached with the project about two years ago, and that he and city administrator Mike Beazley visited a Fremont generating plant similar to the one proposed.
“We could come up with no problems this would cause for Oregon,” he said, adding that he’s yet to receive negative comments about the project from citizens.
North American Project Development LLC, a Boston-based energy group, is developing the $850 million project, which will be located on a 30-acre site at 816 Lallendorf Rd. The plant will have a 799 megawatt capacity and generate electricity by means of a high-efficiency combined cycle gas turbine. Managing partner William Martin said his group is deciding whether to buy equipment made by Siemens or Mitsubishi.
The Oregon Clean Energy plant will employ 25 once online and use an estimated 500 to 550 workers from the construction trades while it is being built, Mr. Martin said. Construction will involve close to 1.5 million worker hours.
“We’re committed to using union labor and as many local and regional and contractors as we can,” Mr. Martin said.
The plant is expected to generate more than $800 million in economic activity in its first 20 years, but the financial benefit to Oregon has not been calculated. Mr. Beazley said Oregon would realize income from the 2.25 percent payroll tax paid by construction workers.
Oregon Councilman Jim Seaman told the 30 attendees at the hearing that the construction phase would mean work for many tradesmen who live there and that the gas-fired generation plant would be “environmentally better” than the Bay Shore plant. FirstEnergy closed the coal-burning part of the plant because of environmental standards.
“This plant fills the gap, no question,” Mr. Seaman said. “This is a win-win situation.”
But Ron Eichold, a charter captain from Oak Harbor, expressed concern about the volume of water the plant would draw from Lake Erie to make steam. The plant will use up to 5 million gallons per day, an amount Mr. Eichold said could deplete the fish population.
“The fishery out there also is a major industry,” he explained.
Mike Jay, Fremont’s director of economic development, said the Fremont Energy Center has had “a tremendous economic impact on the city of Fremont, Sandusky County, and northwest Ohio.”
He said the same team putting together the Oregon project had done Fremont’s, and it “had a genuine concern for the community. I congratulate Oregon and wish you the best of luck.”
— Carl Ryan | <urn:uuid:1d13bb0c-b664-4a4f-b258-8cefd132f75a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.toledoblade.com/Energy/2013/05/14/Oregon-officials-back-gas-fired-power-plant-plans.print | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00241-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95861 | 711 | 2.09375 | 2 |
[Raw] foods derived from raw material use
Standard 1-before and after pregnancy are blended in perfect balance nutrients should be replenished actively breastfeeding.
Standard 2 contains folic acid 600 mcg
Standard 3 is coated with vitamin C to prevent collapse of the folic acid
Standard 4 is being combined in order to improve the absorption of calcium citrate, vitamin D
Standard 5 containing a heme iron stomach gently, high absorption rate
[Additive] additives is kept to the necessary minimum minimum amount
Uses vegetable capsules HPMC [wrapping material: the latest
[Manufacture standards: manufactures at the Japan National GMP (pharmaceutical manufacturing standards) plant.
|Place of origin||Japan|
|Content amount||270 Grain （ if 1 tasty 3 capsules 3 times 30 min ）|
|Materials, raw materials||Dolomite (calcium and magnesium content), vitamin E containing vegetable oils (including soy, セラチン), yeast (containing zinc), soy and yeast concentrates (containing NIACINAMIDE), alfalfa concentrates (containing folic acid), yeast (containing vitamin B2), yeast (containing vitamin B6), (containing chromium) yeast, yeast (manganese containing), yeast (containing biotin), yeast (containing selenium), yeast (containing vitamin B1), yeast (Pantothenic acid containing), yeast (copper-containing), yeast (containing vitamin B12), microcrystalline cellulose, HPMC (plant wrapping material ）, heme iron, vitamin C, glucosyl hesperidin (from citrus), algae carotene, plant lecithin (soybean origin), calcium stearate, citric acid, inositol (US origin), vitamin D3 (hence the sheep)|
|Suggested usage||1 Day-9 capsules is standard. One day, served three times.|
-Intake as a guideline to overdosing carefull.
|Ads responsibility||Corporation ナチュライ of cycle
|Sales origin||(Shares) partners|
This product cannot be shipped to United States from the store.
Please contact the store for further information. | <urn:uuid:f7dca9b1-35fc-4dac-aaaf-4691df6057d2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://global.rakuten.com/en/store/naturligtcykla/item/h200pa01/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00340-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.7799 | 467 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Accession Number : ADP000266
Title : The Blast-Noise Environment of Recoilless Rifles,
Corporate Author : DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT VALCARTIER (QUEBEC)
Personal Author(s) : Gladstone,D. ; Plett,E. G.
Report Date : JUL 1981
Pagination or Media Count : 9
Abstract : The blast-noise environment of recoilless rifles is a complicated three-dimensional flowfield which must be understood before impulse noise levels in the operator's position can be reduced. Both breech blast (produced by a unsteady, underexpanded jet of hot propellant gas behind the weapon) and muzzle blast (produced by exit of gas both ahead of and behind the projectile) are important. A short survey of some of the experimental and numerical studies of both the breech blast and muzzle blast problems is presented here, followed by a description of the experimental approach used at DREV. Several of the pressure vs time profiles which were obtained are presented with the data for the operator's position appearing to indicate the occurrence of breech and muzzle blast interaction.
Descriptors : *Blast, *Noise, *Recoilless guns, *Rifles, Three dimensional, Flow fields, Canada
Distribution Statement : APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE | <urn:uuid:7db7111a-3b9a-4e61-a78e-acaf8814f10a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADP000266 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00320-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.854996 | 285 | 1.796875 | 2 |
The Mohonasen Central School District updated its dress code and harassment sections of its code of conduct policy after the school board discussed complaints about students wearing clothing that shows the Confederate flag.
Mohonasen High School principal Craig Chandler emailed students and families about the change on Wednesday.
The letter says:
âDear students, parents and guardians,
At Monday night’s school board meeting, the code of conduct was updated to include the following language in the Dress Code and Harassment sections. These sections now include the following language:
âSymbols that disrupt the learning environment, contain discriminatory language or images, are known to promote hateful or violent conduct or contain threats are prohibited and will not be tolerated in our schools and / or premises. These symbols include, but are not limited to, Nazi swastikas, Ku Klux Klan hoods, and Confederate flags. These changes take effect immediately.
The school board voted unanimously on Monday for the change.
Chairman of the board, Wade Abbott, said resolving this issue has taken time due to the controversy surrounding the ban on the Confederate flag and other similar symbols.
âFor me personally, it was not an easy and straightforward decision to just ban a symbol,â he said. âAnd while I don’t like that particular symbol, my concern is whether we’re going to take any action that might lead to unintended consequences that could impact people from any perspective at the to come up ?”
No other board member commented on the change.
There have been a number of complaints about the Confederate flag symbol since September, many of them involving the high school, Superintendent Shannon Shine said.
Before the vote, Reverend Nicolle Harris of the Schenectady Chapter of the NAACP addressed the Board of Directors.
âI don’t want to receive further calls from parents and students who are uncomfortable walking the halls of this building,â she said.
More from The Daily Gazette:
Categories: News, Schenectady County | <urn:uuid:0fc56987-1d30-499b-bbdf-a4b9c3249fc9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sites4students.com/complaints-over-confederate-flag-prompt-to-change-mohonasen-student-code-of-conduct-the-daily-gazette/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.948063 | 413 | 1.601563 | 2 |
I first visited Gyeongju a couple of weeks after my arrival in South Korea, for the annual Traditional Rice Cake and Alcohol Festival held there, which I enjoyed immensely and ever since going I've been promising myself I would go back.
One of South Korea's most popular tourist destinations, visiting Gyeongju is like taking a time machine back into the past and last weekend I finally got around to returning.
Wherever you go, you come across something intersting, from beautiful temples and mountain shrines, to ancient tombs of royalty that once ruled Korea and centuries old images of the Buddha, carved in stone.
The capital of the Silla Kingdom(57 BC-935 AD), it was once one of the world's largest cities in its heyday, with a population of nearly 1 million people living there.
The Silla Dynasty lasted for 992 years and most of the sights Gyeongju has to offer date from the 7th century, when the peninsula was reunified.
With the decline of the Silla Empire and the following Goryeo and Joseon dynasties, Gyeongju lost much of its national importance, but remained a regional centre throughout and approximately 350,000 people currently reside there today.
The Three Buddha Statues Of Bae-ri
Having travelled on the coach from Seoul the previous night, I awoke early for a busy day of sightseeing and once ready I headed towards the tourist information office, in Gyeongju Station.
Walking through the centre of Gyeongju I passed through the market set up along the side of the road, on the pavement. Less of a tourist trap than others I have visited, there were stalls selling everything from fruit and vegetables to ginseng, fish and kitchen utensils. Many of the stallholders were very old, some were well into their late seventies, their faces weathered by old age.
When I arrived at the tourist office they provided me with an invaluable itinary to get the most out of my weekend, with lots of advice allowing me to see as much as possible in the available time. The woman here advised me to start off by looking around the city centre itself before going further afield, so after thanking her I made my way to Tumuli Park, to visit the royal tombs there.
The largest burial site in Gyeongju with 23 tombs, it's the ideal place for a leisurely stroll in the middle of autumn.
The tombs themselves are covered by huge mounds of stone and earth, in all manner of sizes, some of them even spanning 80 metres in diameter. Similar to the ones I visited recently in Seoul, visually they were a lot simpler, without the elaborate statues and sculptures associated with those of the Joseon era that I had seen previously.
The largest tomb here is Hwangnamdaechong and is believed to have housed a king and a queen. Excavated between 1973 to 1975, it is 23 metres high and its length from north to south is 47 metres and from east to west it is 80 metres. Inside many valuable treasures were found, such as necklaces and other jewellery, which are now on display in the nearby Gyeongju National Museum
Also known as the Heavenly Horse Tomb, Cheonmachong was first excavated in 1974 and over 10,000 treasures were found in it, including a gold crown and a painting of a mounted horse, the only discovered painting from the Silla era. It is actually possible to walk inside this tomb and on display are replicas of objects that were found, as well as the remains of the person inside.
The 13th king of the Silla Dynasty, King Mich'u, is also buried here in a tomb known as Chukhyonnung or 'Bamboo Soldier Tomb'. During his reign of 22 years, the Silla Kingdom grew in power and he was also successful in fending off attacks from the nearby Baekje Kingdom.
The tomb gains its name from the myth that when the country was under attack, warriors with bamboo leaves in their ears would emerge from the tomb to repel the invaders. Regarding the significance of the bamboo leaves, be it some sort of mystical device for aiding the warriors in battle or a Silla Military fashion statement, I unfortunately have no idea whatsoever.
A short walk then led me to Cheomseongdae, which is the oldest existing observatory in the Far East. Looking somewhat similar to the top of a bottle, it is 9 metres in height and in the south side there is small window. Built during the reign of Queen Seonduk, believed to be the 27th ruler of the Silla Dynasty, it has 27 layers of granite bricks on top of a square base which may represent this. At the top are four stone bars arranged in a square shape.
It is filled up with earth to the height of the window and it is through here that a person would have entered to observe the heavens. The actual use of the observatory has fuelled much debate regarding its use. Whilst there are those that believe its purpose was astronomical, others have critiscised this viewpoint, pointing out that the building is not actually suitable for observing the stars and that nothing similar can be found in China.
Another explanation is that the observatory may have been used for astrological purposes. During the Silla period, studying the movements of the stars and planets was very important and would have been used in all aspects of policy making. From matters of state to agricultural practices, astronomy would have been used for determining whether battles should be fought, to when crops should be planted.
You can see all the photos here.
Saturday, November 14, 2009
Posted by steve at 1:08 pm | <urn:uuid:4215a4b5-ac79-4887-9dda-4b9fc462b207> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://stevegoestravelling.blogspot.com/2005/11/gyeongju-part-i-i-first-visited.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00196-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97651 | 1,187 | 1.632813 | 2 |
The Martha’s Vineyard diet detox is basically a liquid diet plan which consists of fresh vegetable soups, broths, fresh fruit and vegetable juices, berry drinks and herbal teas, along with herbal cleansing formulas and enzyme capsules. The normal detox diet is a very balanced form of dieting which includes organic foods such as fresh vegetables and fruits, along with lean protein foods like skinless chicken, white fish and turkey breast.
Both Martha’s Vineyard diet and the detox diet aim at eliminating toxins from the body. Though these diet plans are geared towards weight loss and establishing good health, it is ideal to consider the pros and cons of these diet plans before choosing the appropriate one.
Weight Loss Duration
The Martha’s Vineyard diet plan helps in achieving rapid weight loss in a short period, i.e. 21 pounds in 21 days, whereas the normal detox diet guarantees 1 or 2 pounds lost per week. Gradual weight loss is highly recommended, because diet plans enabling rapid weight loss decrease muscle mass rather than achieving fat loss.
Essential Nutrients and Fatty Acids
The Martha’s Vineyard diet excludes essential nutrients and fatty acids, which are important for healthy living. The normal detox diet ensures that fatty acids and essential nutrients are a part of each meal plan.
Since the Martha’s Vineyard diet does not contain essential nutrients, it causes dehydration resulting in loss of strength and energy. Lack of fibrous and essential fatty acids causes poor absorption capacity as well. All these factors cause dieters either to quit the diet plan or shift to overeating, causing more weight gain.
The normal detox diet does not deprive the mind and the body of the dieters. It helps them to gradually eliminate foods such as beef, veal, diary, nuts, etc. by replacing with more organic foods and lean protein. This depends on the tolerance level of the dieters and thus results in gradual weight loss.
Dieters following the Martha’s Vineyard diet are to shift to detox diet after completion of the short term plan. The diet pattern flows downstream from the severity of a liquid diet to gradual regulation to solid food. The normal detox flows upstream from the gradual elimination of low fatty foods, to the gradual shift to low carbohydrate and organic foods.
Healthy Eating Habits
The normal detox is a long term weight loss plan that enables dieters to gradually shift to a healthy kind of lifestyle. The Martha’s Vineyard diet is a short term diet plan that excites dieters to lose weight quickly with no guarantee to workable healthy eating patterns at a later stage.
Dieters find it stressful to follow the Martha’s Vineyard diet. It is cumbersome to follow the same kind of eating pattern in a consistent way. The normal detox diet does not require much change in lifestyle except for choosing different kind of oils (for cooking like grape seed oil or vigin oil) fruits and vegetables (organic) and lean protein foods.
Detoxification is possible through both kinds of diet patterns. But, the normal detox also recommends foods that cause detoxification, which is why organic foods are included. Though the Martha’s Vineyard diet includes all items that help in detoxification, there is no clear guidance for healthy maintenance. | <urn:uuid:5ebf5b4c-0639-4e22-a1c1-d83849e6acf5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.3fatchicks.com/marthas-vineyard-diet-detox-vs-normal-detox/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00380-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92938 | 673 | 1.867188 | 2 |
A tablet coating machine applies a thin layer of material to the external surface of a tablet. The coating is a solution that is applied to a group of tablets at the same time on a moving bed to ensure even coverage.
There are several reasons why this is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing, including:
- to provide stability and protection for the tablet or pellet – both physical and chemical – a light, moisture and gas barrier
- to mask the taste, odour or colour of the drug
- to improve palatability by making the surface smoother, making it easier to swallow
- for containment of the drug when being handled
- to control the release of the drug when ingested
- to improve the appearance of the drug
Perforated pan tablet coating machine
There are different types of tablet or pellet coating machine. At Pharma Machinery, we have the perforated pan style, which is the most used worldwide in the industry with its versatile coating capability, rapid coating and drying times, and efficiency.
The tablets are placed in a sealed rotating drum and then sprayed automatically for even coating. Polymer film or sugar coatings are common, or other drugs can be incorporated to prevent chemical incompatibility.
Air is introduced to the drum to help the coating dry rapidly – this can be configured with a perforated pan machine. Depending on the composition, a solvent can be used to aid in the coating process, which then evaporates and is removed by heated air. By grouping the tablets, batches are easily identifiable.
Benefits of a Romaco tablet coating machine
Romaco offers a range of machinery that can coat tablets.
- Different models for different volume requirements
- Drum sizes from laboratory up to industrial batch sizes
- Complete automatic control of the whole coating process
- Turnkey installation service
- Modular architecture permits customised solutions | <urn:uuid:c33b2a88-802e-4a0b-9c85-3fce93b06aa7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pharmamachinery.co.uk/Products/tablet-coating/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.915574 | 377 | 2.453125 | 2 |
CFPB working with bank alternatives
Watchdog agency to collect data from Web-based services
By Fred O. Williams
The digital world is changing how people manage their money and make payments, and in Silicon Valley Wednesday the government's top financial watchdog for consumers vowed to keep up with the changes.
In an initiative called "Project Catalyst," the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau will gather information from financial innovation companies such as Web-based bank alternatives in an effort to understand and oversee a new array of financial services that let you bank with a prepaid card and a smartphone, rather than checks and teller windows.
"We need to broaden our view in a way that we are looking beyond existing business lines," CFPB Deputy Director Raj Date said during an announcement from Mountain View, Calif.
Date and CFPB Director Richard Cordray said that new technology and business practices are changing how consumers run their financial lives, requiring regulators to keep up with the changing landscape.
"Project Catalyst" will analyze consumer data from companies, with three announced for the beginning of the initiative. Anonymous data will be studied to understand things such as consumer spending habits and how to resolve users' questions about services.
The initial companies participating in collaborations with the agency are BillGuard, which uses crowd-sourcing techniques to find fraudulent transactions on credit card bills; and Simple and Plastyc, services that combine prepaid cards with Web and smartphone applications to manage money and make payments.
The information will inform policy decisions, the bureau said. The initiative will also work on disclosure testing in order to study how consumers are told about financial products. "We know that more information does not always mean more understanding," Cordray said.
I encourage all of us to overcome our allergy to regulation.
Bessemer Venture Partners
Referring to the fledgling bureau as a startup itself, Cordray said the CFPB seeks to understand new products and help clear regulatory barriers that could get in the way of innovations that benefit consumers. The legislation creating the agency gives it a mandate to help foster financial innovation, he said.
Emerging services hold out the hope of cutting costs of financial services over traditional banking models, participants in the announcement said.
Industry participants spoke at the event in support of the initiative. "I encourage all of us to overcome our allergy to regulation," said David Cowan, a partner at venture capital firm Bessemer Venture Partners. The industry needs to hold dialog with the bureau to find ways of protecting consumers without stifling innovation, he said.
Among the questions facing financial innovation are rules and protections for the sharing of data to cloud-based platforms, and making required disclosures to customers on the limited space of a smartphone screen, speakers said.
The event marks the bureau's first public announcement since the election cemented its status as a watchdog over consumer financial services, and could mark a further expansion of its role in regulating nonbanks. The CFPB on Sept. 30 began supervising large credit reporting agencies, and will broaden its scope to supervision of large debt collection companies in January 2013.
Published: November 14, 2012
- CFPB warning: incentives can harm consumers – The U.S. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau issued a broad warning about sales incentives, possibly signalling a new enforcement priority ...
- CFPB: Minn. bank tricked customers into costly overdraft fees – Federal consumer watchdog charges TCF National Bank obscured fees and gave customers hard-sell to opt in for fees of $35 per overdraft ...
- FICO’s Scott Zoldi: Card-not-present fraud a growing threat – FICO analytics chief Scott Zoldi discusses the state of fraud protection amid the EMV shift and the use of trended data ... | <urn:uuid:19108efa-22c7-430a-b263-8df33eeb7f13> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.creditcards.com/credit-card-news/cfpb-nonbank-project_catalyst-1282.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00364-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93652 | 762 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Due to the inherent difficulty and time involved with studying the myogenic program in vivo, primary culture systems derived from the resident adult stem cells of skeletal muscle, the myogenic precursor cells (MPCs), have proven indispensible to our understanding of mammalian skeletal muscle development and growth. Particularly among the basal taxa of Vertebrata, however, data are limited describing the molecular mechanisms controlling the self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of MPCs. Of particular interest are potential mechanisms that underlie the ability of basal vertebrates to undergo considerable postlarval skeletal myofiber hyperplasia (i.e. teleost fish) and full regeneration following appendage loss (i.e. urodele amphibians). Additionally, the use of cultured myoblasts could aid in the understanding of regeneration and the recapitulation of the myogenic program and the differences between them. To this end, we describe in detail a robust and efficient protocol (and variations therein) for isolating and maintaining MPCs and their progeny, myoblasts and immature myotubes, in cell culture as a platform for understanding the evolution of the myogenic program, beginning with the more basal vertebrates. Capitalizing on the model organism status of the zebrafish (Danio rerio), we report on the application of this protocol to small fishes of the cyprinid clade Danioninae. In tandem, this protocol can be utilized to realize a broader comparative approach by isolating MPCs from the Mexican axolotl (Ambystomamexicanum) and even laboratory rodents. This protocol is now widely used in studying myogenesis in several fish species, including rainbow trout, salmon, and sea bream1-4.
29 Related JoVE Articles!
The ITS2 Database
Institutions: University of Würzburg, University of Würzburg.
The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) has been used as a phylogenetic marker for more than two decades. As ITS2 research mainly focused on the very variable ITS2 sequence, it confined this marker to low-level phylogenetics only. However, the combination of the ITS2 sequence and its highly conserved secondary structure improves the phylogenetic resolution1
and allows phylogenetic inference at multiple taxonomic ranks, including species delimitation2-8
The ITS2 Database9
presents an exhaustive dataset of internal transcribed spacer 2 sequences from NCBI GenBank11
. Following an annotation by profile Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), the secondary structure of each sequence is predicted. First, it is tested whether a minimum energy based fold12
(direct fold) results in a correct, four helix conformation. If this is not the case, the structure is predicted by homology modeling13
. In homology modeling, an already known secondary structure is transferred to another ITS2 sequence, whose secondary structure was not able to fold correctly in a direct fold.
The ITS2 Database is not only a database for storage and retrieval of ITS2 sequence-structures. It also provides several tools to process your own ITS2 sequences, including annotation, structural prediction, motif detection and BLAST14
search on the combined sequence-structure information. Moreover, it integrates trimmed versions of 4SALE15,16
for multiple sequence-structure alignment calculation and Neighbor Joining18
tree reconstruction. Together they form a coherent analysis pipeline from an initial set of sequences to a phylogeny based on sequence and secondary structure.
In a nutshell, this workbench simplifies first phylogenetic analyses to only a few mouse-clicks, while additionally providing tools and data for comprehensive large-scale analyses.
Genetics, Issue 61, alignment, internal transcribed spacer 2, molecular systematics, secondary structure, ribosomal RNA, phylogenetic tree, homology modeling, phylogeny
Using Coculture to Detect Chemically Mediated Interspecies Interactions
Institutions: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill .
In nature, bacteria rarely exist in isolation; they are instead surrounded by a diverse array of other microorganisms that alter the local environment by secreting metabolites. These metabolites have the potential to modulate the physiology and differentiation of their microbial neighbors and are likely important factors in the establishment and maintenance of complex microbial communities. We have developed a fluorescence-based coculture screen to identify such chemically mediated microbial interactions. The screen involves combining a fluorescent transcriptional reporter strain with environmental microbes on solid media and allowing the colonies to grow in coculture. The fluorescent transcriptional reporter is designed so that the chosen bacterial strain fluoresces when it is expressing a particular phenotype of interest (i.e.
biofilm formation, sporulation, virulence factor production, etc
.) Screening is performed under growth conditions where this phenotype is not
expressed (and therefore the reporter strain is typically nonfluorescent). When an environmental microbe secretes a metabolite that activates this phenotype, it diffuses through the agar and activates the fluorescent reporter construct. This allows the inducing-metabolite-producing microbe to be detected: they are the nonfluorescent colonies most proximal to the fluorescent colonies. Thus, this screen allows the identification of environmental microbes that produce diffusible metabolites that activate a particular physiological response in a reporter strain. This publication discusses how to: a) select appropriate coculture screening conditions, b) prepare the reporter and environmental microbes for screening, c) perform the coculture screen, d) isolate putative inducing organisms, and e) confirm their activity in a secondary screen. We developed this method to screen for soil organisms that activate biofilm matrix-production in Bacillus subtilis
; however, we also discuss considerations for applying this approach to other genetically tractable bacteria.
Microbiology, Issue 80, High-Throughput Screening Assays, Genes, Reporter, Microbial Interactions, Soil Microbiology, Coculture, microbial interactions, screen, fluorescent transcriptional reporters, Bacillus subtilis
Proprioception and Tension Receptors in Crab Limbs: Student Laboratory Exercises
Institutions: University of Kentucky, University of Kentucky, University of Oregon.
The primary purpose of these procedures is to demonstrate for teaching and research purposes how to record the activity of living primary sensory neurons responsible for proprioception as they are detecting joint position and movement, and muscle tension. Electrical activity from crustacean proprioceptors and tension receptors is recorded by basic neurophysiological instrumentation, and a transducer is used to simultaneously measure force that is generated by stimulating a motor nerve. In addition, we demonstrate how to stain the neurons for a quick assessment of their anatomical arrangement or for permanent fixation. Staining reveals anatomical organization that is representative of chordotonal organs in most crustaceans. Comparing the tension nerve responses to the proprioceptive responses is an effective teaching tool in determining how these sensory neurons are defined functionally and how the anatomy is correlated to the function. Three staining techniques are presented allowing researchers and instructors to choose a method that is ideal for their laboratory.
Neuroscience, Issue 80, Crustacean, joint, Muscle, sensory, teaching, educational, neuroscience
Generation of Transgenic Hydra by Embryo Microinjection
Institutions: Yale University School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine.
As a member of the phylum Cnidaria, the sister group to all bilaterians, Hydra
can shed light on fundamental biological processes shared among multicellular animals. Hydra
is used as a model for the study of regeneration, pattern formation, and stem cells. However, research efforts have been hampered by lack of a reliable method for gene perturbations to study molecular function. The development of transgenic methods has revitalized the study of Hydra
. Transgenic Hydra
allow for the tracking of live cells, sorting to yield pure cell populations for biochemical analysis, manipulation of gene function by knockdown and over-expression, and analysis of promoter function. Plasmid DNA injected into early stage embryos randomly integrates into the genome early in development. This results in hatchlings that express transgenes in patches of tissue in one or more of the three lineages (ectodermal epithelial, endodermal epithelial, or interstitial). The success rate of obtaining a hatchling with transgenic tissue is between 10% and 20%. Asexual propagation of the transgenic hatchling is used to establish a uniformly transgenic line in a particular lineage. Generating transgenic Hydra
is surprisingly simple and robust, and here we describe a protocol that can be easily implemented at low cost.
Molecular Biology, Issue 91,
Hydra, transgenic, microinjection, gene overexpression, gene knockdown
Monitoring Intraspecies Competition in a Bacterial Cell Population by Cocultivation of Fluorescently Labelled Strains
Institutions: Georg-August University.
Many microorganisms such as bacteria proliferate extremely fast and the populations may reach high cell densities. Small fractions of cells in a population always have accumulated mutations that are either detrimental or beneficial for the cell. If the fitness effect of a mutation provides the subpopulation with a strong selective growth advantage, the individuals of this subpopulation may rapidly outcompete and even completely eliminate their immediate fellows. Thus, small genetic changes and selection-driven accumulation of cells that have acquired beneficial mutations may lead to a complete shift of the genotype of a cell population. Here we present a procedure to monitor the rapid clonal expansion and elimination of beneficial and detrimental mutations, respectively, in a bacterial cell population over time by cocultivation of fluorescently labeled individuals of the Gram-positive model bacterium Bacillus subtilis
. The method is easy to perform and very illustrative to display intraspecies competition among the individuals in a bacterial cell population.
Cellular Biology, Issue 83, Bacillus subtilis, evolution, adaptation, selective pressure, beneficial mutation, intraspecies competition, fluorophore-labelling, Fluorescence Microscopy
Exfoliation of Egyptian Blue and Han Blue, Two Alkali Earth Copper Silicate-based Pigments
Institutions: The University of Georgia.
In a visualized example of the ancient past connecting with modern times, we describe the preparation and exfoliation of CaCuSi4
, the colored components of the historic Egyptian blue and Han blue pigments. The bulk forms of these materials are synthesized by both melt flux and solid-state routes, which provide some control over the crystallite size of the product. The melt flux process is time intensive, but it produces relatively large crystals at lower reaction temperatures. In comparison, the solid-state method is quicker yet requires higher reaction temperatures and yields smaller crystallites. Upon stirring in hot water, CaCuSi4
spontaneously exfoliates into monolayer nanosheets, which are characterized by TEM and PXRD. BaCuSi4
on the other hand requires ultrasonication in organic solvents to achieve exfoliation. Near infrared imaging illustrates that both the bulk and nanosheet forms of CaCuSi4
are strong near infrared emitters. Aqueous CaCuSi4
nanosheet dispersions are useful because they provide a new way to handle, characterize, and process these materials in colloidal form.
Chemistry, Issue 86, Nanosheets, Egyptian Blue, Han Blue, Pigment, Near Infrared, Luminescence, Exfoliation, Delamination, Two-Dimensional, Ink, Colloidal Dispersion
Membrane Potentials, Synaptic Responses, Neuronal Circuitry, Neuromodulation and Muscle Histology Using the Crayfish: Student Laboratory Exercises
Institutions: University of Kentucky, University of Toronto.
The purpose of this report is to help develop an understanding of the effects caused by ion gradients across a biological membrane. Two aspects that influence a cell's membrane potential and which we address in these experiments are: (1) Ion concentration of K+
on the outside of the membrane, and (2) the permeability of the membrane to specific ions. The crayfish abdominal extensor muscles are in groupings with some being tonic (slow) and others phasic (fast) in their biochemical and physiological phenotypes, as well as in their structure; the motor neurons that innervate these muscles are correspondingly different in functional characteristics. We use these muscles as well as the superficial, tonic abdominal flexor muscle to demonstrate properties in synaptic transmission. In addition, we introduce a sensory-CNS-motor neuron-muscle circuit to demonstrate the effect of cuticular sensory stimulation as well as the influence of neuromodulators on certain aspects of the circuit. With the techniques obtained in this exercise, one can begin to answer many questions remaining in other experimental preparations as well as in physiological applications related to medicine and health. We have demonstrated the usefulness of model invertebrate preparations to address fundamental questions pertinent to all animals.
Neuroscience, Issue 47, Invertebrate, Crayfish, neurophysiology, muscle, anatomy, electrophysiology
ECM Protein Nanofibers and Nanostructures Engineered Using Surface-initiated Assembly
Institutions: Carnegie Mellon University, Carnegie Mellon University.
The extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissues is synthesized and assembled by cells to form a 3D fibrillar, protein network with tightly regulated fiber diameter, composition and organization. In addition to providing structural support, the physical and chemical properties of the ECM play an important role in multiple cellular processes including adhesion, differentiation, and apoptosis. In vivo
, the ECM is assembled by exposing cryptic self-assembly (fibrillogenesis) sites within proteins. This process varies for different proteins, but fibronectin (FN) fibrillogenesis is well-characterized and serves as a model system for cell-mediated ECM assembly. Specifically, cells use integrin receptors on the cell membrane to bind FN dimers and actomyosin-generated contractile forces to unfold and expose binding sites for assembly into insoluble fibers. This receptor-mediated process enables cells to assemble and organize the ECM from the cellular to tissue scales. Here, we present a method termed surface-initiated assembly (SIA), which recapitulates cell-mediated matrix assembly using protein-surface interactions to unfold ECM proteins and assemble them into insoluble fibers. First, ECM proteins are adsorbed onto a hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface where they partially denature (unfold) and expose cryptic binding domains. The unfolded proteins are then transferred in well-defined micro- and nanopatterns through microcontact printing onto a thermally responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm) surface. Thermally-triggered dissolution of the PIPAAm leads to final assembly and release of insoluble ECM protein nanofibers and nanostructures with well-defined geometries. Complex architectures are possible by engineering defined patterns on the PDMS stamps used for microcontact printing. In addition to FN, the SIA process can be used with laminin, fibrinogen and collagens type I and IV to create multi-component ECM nanostructures. Thus, SIA can be used to engineer ECM protein-based materials with precise control over the protein composition, fiber geometry and scaffold architecture in order to recapitulate the structure and composition of the ECM in vivo
Bioengineering, Issue 86, Nanofibers, Nanofabrics, Extracellular Matrix Proteins, Microcontact Printing, Fibronectin, Laminin, Tissue Engineering, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), Surface-Initiated Assembly
Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish Embryos
Institutions: University of Torino, Vesalius Research Center, VIB.
High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may cause a change of cellular redox state towards oxidative stress condition. This situation causes oxidation of molecules (lipid, DNA, protein) and leads to cell death. Oxidative stress also impacts the progression of several pathological conditions such as diabetes, retinopathies, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Thus, it is important to define tools to investigate oxidative stress conditions not only at the level of single cells but also in the context of whole organisms. Here, we consider the zebrafish embryo as a useful in vivo
system to perform such studies and present a protocol to measure in vivo
oxidative stress. Taking advantage of fluorescent ROS probes and zebrafish transgenic fluorescent lines, we develop two different methods to measure oxidative stress in vivo
: i) a “whole embryo ROS-detection method” for qualitative measurement of oxidative stress and ii) a “single-cell ROS detection method” for quantitative measurements of oxidative stress. Herein, we demonstrate the efficacy of these procedures by increasing oxidative stress in tissues by oxidant agents and physiological or genetic methods. This protocol is amenable for forward genetic screens and it will help address cause-effect relationships of ROS in animal models of oxidative stress-related pathologies such as neurological disorders and cancer.
Developmental Biology, Issue 89, Danio rerio, zebrafish embryos, endothelial cells, redox state analysis, oxidative stress detection, in vivo ROS measurements, FACS (fluorescence activated cell sorter), molecular probes
Measures of Heart and Ventilatory Rates in Freely Moving Crayfish
Institutions: University of Kentucky.
The fear, flight or fight response serves as the fundamental physiological basis for examining an organism's awareness of its environment under an impending predator attack. Although it is not known whether invertebrates posses an autonomic nervous system identical to that of vertebrates, evidence shows invertebrates have a sympathetic-like response to regulate the internal environment and ready the organism to act behaviorally to a given stimuli. Furthermore, this physiological response can be feasibly measured and it acts as a biological index for the animal's internal state. Measurements of the physiological response can be directly related to internal and external stressors through changes in the central nervous system controlled coordination of the cardio-vascular and respiratory systems. More specifically, monitoring heart and ventilation rates provide quantifiable measures of the stress response not always behaviorally observed. Crayfish are good model organisms for heart and ventilatory rate measurements due to the feasibility of recording, as well as the rich history known of the morphology of the crayfish, dating back to Huxley in 1888, and the well-studied typical behaviors.
Physiology, Issue 32, invertebrate, autonomic nervous system, behavior, crustacean
Measuring Glutathione-induced Feeding Response in Hydra
Institutions: India Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune.
Hydra is among the most primitive organisms possessing a nervous system and chemosensation for detecting reduced glutathione (GSH) for capturing the prey. The movement of prey organisms causes mechanosensory discharge of the stinging cells called nematocysts from hydra, which are inserted into the prey. The feeding response in hydra, which includes curling of the tentacles to bring the prey towards the mouth, opening of the mouth and consequent engulfing of the prey, is triggered by GSH present in the fluid released from the injured prey. To be able to identify the molecular mechanism of the feeding response in hydra which is unknown to date, it is necessary to establish an assay to measure the feeding response. Here, we describe a simple method for the quantitation of the feeding response in which the distance between the apical end of the tentacle and mouth of hydra is measured and the ratio of such distance before and after the addition of GSH is determined. The ratio, called the relative tentacle spread, was found to give a measure of the feeding response. This assay was validated using a starvation model in which starved hydra show an enhanced feeding response in comparison with daily fed hydra.
Basic Protocols, Issue 93, Hydra, chemosensation, feeding response, feeding status, glutathione, prey, starvation
Lensless On-chip Imaging of Cells Provides a New Tool for High-throughput Cell-Biology and Medical Diagnostics
Institutions: University of California, Los Angeles, University of California, Los Angeles.
Conventional optical microscopes image cells by use of objective lenses that work together with other lenses and optical components. While quite effective, this classical approach has certain limitations for miniaturization of the imaging platform to make it compatible with the advanced state of the art in microfluidics. In this report, we introduce experimental details of a lensless on-chip imaging concept termed LUCAS (L
ltra-wide field-of-view C
ell monitoring A
rray platform based on S
hadow imaging) that does not require any microscope objectives or other bulky optical components to image a heterogeneous cell solution over an ultra-wide field of view that can span as large as ~18 cm2
. Moreover, unlike conventional microscopes, LUCAS can image a heterogeneous cell solution of interest over a depth-of-field of ~5 mm without the need for refocusing which corresponds to up to ~9 mL sample volume. This imaging platform records the shadows (i.e., lensless digital holograms) of each cell of interest within its field of view, and automated digital processing of these cell shadows can determine the type, the count and the relative positions of cells within the solution. Because it does not require any bulky optical components or mechanical scanning stages it offers a significantly miniaturized platform that at the same time reduces the cost, which is quite important for especially point of care diagnostic tools. Furthermore, the imaging throughput of this platform is orders of magnitude better than conventional optical microscopes, which could be exceedingly valuable for high-throughput cell-biology experiments.
Cellular Biology, Issue 34, LUCAS, lensfree imaging, on-chip imaging, point-of-care diagnostics, global health, cell-biology, telemedicine, wireless health, microscopy, red blood cells
Detection of Bacteria Using Fluorogenic DNAzymes
Institutions: McMaster University , McMaster University .
Outbreaks linked to food-borne and hospital-acquired pathogens account for millions of deaths and hospitalizations as well as colossal economic losses each and every year. Prevention of such outbreaks and minimization of the impact of an ongoing epidemic place an ever-increasing demand for analytical methods that can accurately identify culprit pathogens at the earliest stage. Although there is a large array of effective methods for pathogen detection, none of them can satisfy all the following five premier requirements embodied for an ideal detection method: high specificity (detecting only the bacterium of interest), high sensitivity (capable of detecting as low as a single live bacterial cell), short time-to-results (minutes to hours), great operational simplicity (no need for lengthy sampling procedures and the use of specialized equipment), and cost effectiveness. For example, classical microbiological methods are highly specific but require a long time (days to weeks) to acquire a definitive result.1
PCR- and antibody-based techniques offer shorter waiting times (hours to days), but they require the use of expensive reagents and/or sophisticated equipment.2-4
Consequently, there is still a great demand for scientific research towards developing innovative bacterial detection methods that offer improved characteristics in one or more of the aforementioned requirements. Our laboratory is interested in examining the potential of DNAzymes as a novel class of molecular probes for biosensing applications including bacterial detection.5
DNAzymes (also known as deoxyribozymes or DNA enzymes) are man-made single-stranded DNA molecules with the capability of catalyzing chemical reactions.6-8
These molecules can be isolated from a vast random-sequence DNA pool (which contains as many as 1016
individual sequences) by a process known as "in vitro
selection" or "SELEX" (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment).9-16
These special DNA molecules have been widely examined in recent years as molecular tools for biosensing applications.6-8
Our laboratory has established in vitro
selection procedures for isolating RNA-cleaving fluorescent DNAzymes (RFDs; Fig. 1
) and investigated the use of RFDs as analytical tools.17-29
RFDs catalyze the cleavage of a DNA-RNA chimeric substrate at a single ribonucleotide junction (R) that is flanked by a fluorophore (F) and a quencher (Q). The close proximity of F and Q renders the uncleaved substrate minimal fluorescence. However, the cleavage event leads to the separation of F and Q, which is accompanied by significant increase of fluorescence intensity.
More recently, we developed a method of isolating RFDs for bacterial detection.5
These special RFDs were isolated to "light up" in the presence of the crude extracellular mixture (CEM) left behind by a specific type of bacteria in their environment or in the media they are cultured (Fig. 1
). The use of crude mixture circumvents the tedious process of purifying and identifying a suitable target from the microbe of interest for biosensor development (which could take months or years to complete). The use of extracellular targets means the assaying procedure is simple because there is no need for steps to obtain intracellular targets.
Using the above approach, we derived an RFD that cleaves its substrate (FS1; Fig. 2A
) only in the presence of the CEM produced by E. coli
This E. coli
-sensing RFD, named RFD-EC1 (Fig. 2A
), was found to be strictly responsive to CEM-EC but nonresponsive to CEMs from a host of other bacteria (Fig. 3
Here we present the key experimental procedures for setting up E. coli
detection assays using RFD-EC1 and representative results.
Biochemistry, Issue 63, Immunology, Fluorogenic DNAzymes, E. coli, biosensor, bacterial detection
Conducting Miller-Urey Experiments
Institutions: Georgia Institute of Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, NASA Johnson Space Center, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, University of California at San Diego.
In 1953, Stanley Miller reported the production of biomolecules from simple gaseous starting materials, using an apparatus constructed to simulate the primordial Earth's atmosphere-ocean system. Miller introduced 200 ml of water, 100 mmHg of H2
, 200 mmHg of CH4
, and 200 mmHg of NH3
into the apparatus, then subjected this mixture, under reflux, to an electric discharge for a week, while the water was simultaneously heated. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide the reader with a general experimental protocol that can be used to conduct a Miller-Urey type spark discharge experiment, using a simplified 3 L reaction flask. Since the experiment involves exposing inflammable gases to a high voltage electric discharge, it is worth highlighting important steps that reduce the risk of explosion. The general procedures described in this work can be extrapolated to design and conduct a wide variety of electric discharge experiments simulating primitive planetary environments.
Chemistry, Issue 83, Geosciences (General), Exobiology, Miller-Urey, Prebiotic chemistry, amino acids, spark discharge
A Practical Guide to Phylogenetics for Nonexperts
Institutions: The George Washington University.
Many researchers, across incredibly diverse foci, are applying phylogenetics to their research question(s). However, many researchers are new to this topic and so it presents inherent problems. Here we compile a practical introduction to phylogenetics for nonexperts. We outline in a step-by-step manner, a pipeline for generating reliable phylogenies from gene sequence datasets. We begin with a user-guide for similarity search tools via online interfaces as well as local executables. Next, we explore programs for generating multiple sequence alignments followed by protocols for using software to determine best-fit models of evolution. We then outline protocols for reconstructing phylogenetic relationships via maximum likelihood and Bayesian criteria and finally describe tools for visualizing phylogenetic trees. While this is not by any means an exhaustive description of phylogenetic approaches, it does provide the reader with practical starting information on key software applications commonly utilized by phylogeneticists. The vision for this article would be that it could serve as a practical training tool for researchers embarking on phylogenetic studies and also serve as an educational resource that could be incorporated into a classroom or teaching-lab.
Basic Protocol, Issue 84, phylogenetics, multiple sequence alignments, phylogenetic tree, BLAST executables, basic local alignment search tool, Bayesian models
Rapid and Low-cost Prototyping of Medical Devices Using 3D Printed Molds for Liquid Injection Molding
Institutions: University of California, San Francisco, University of California, San Francisco, University of Southern California.
Biologically inert elastomers such as silicone are favorable materials for medical device fabrication, but forming and curing these elastomers using traditional liquid injection molding processes can be an expensive process due to tooling and equipment costs. As a result, it has traditionally been impractical to use liquid injection molding for low-cost, rapid prototyping applications. We have devised a method for rapid and low-cost production of liquid elastomer injection molded devices that utilizes fused deposition modeling 3D printers for mold design and a modified desiccator as an injection system. Low costs and rapid turnaround time in this technique lower the barrier to iteratively designing and prototyping complex elastomer devices. Furthermore, CAD models developed in this process can be later adapted for metal mold tooling design, enabling an easy transition to a traditional injection molding process. We have used this technique to manufacture intravaginal probes involving complex geometries, as well as overmolding over metal parts, using tools commonly available within an academic research laboratory. However, this technique can be easily adapted to create liquid injection molded devices for many other applications.
Bioengineering, Issue 88, liquid injection molding, reaction injection molding, molds, 3D printing, fused deposition modeling, rapid prototyping, medical devices, low cost, low volume, rapid turnaround time.
Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
Institutions: CFEL, DESY, University of Hamburg, University of Hamburg.
Gas-phase molecular physics and physical chemistry experiments commonly use supersonic expansions through pulsed valves for the production of cold molecular beams. However, these beams often contain multiple conformers and clusters, even at low rotational temperatures. We present an experimental methodology that allows the spatial separation of these constituent parts of a molecular beam expansion. Using an electric deflector the beam is separated by its mass-to-dipole moment ratio, analogous to a bender or an electric sector mass spectrometer spatially dispersing charged molecules on the basis of their mass-to-charge ratio. This deflector exploits the Stark effect in an inhomogeneous electric field and allows the separation of individual species of polar neutral molecules and clusters. It furthermore allows the selection of the coldest part of a molecular beam, as low-energy rotational quantum states generally experience the largest deflection. Different structural isomers (conformers) of a species can be separated due to the different arrangement of functional groups, which leads to distinct dipole moments. These are exploited by the electrostatic deflector for the production of a conformationally pure sample from a molecular beam. Similarly, specific cluster stoichiometries can be selected, as the mass and dipole moment of a given cluster depends on the degree of solvation around the parent molecule. This allows experiments on specific cluster sizes and structures, enabling the systematic study of solvation of neutral molecules.
Physics, Issue 83, Chemical Physics, Physical Chemistry, Molecular Physics, Molecular beams, Laser Spectroscopy, Clusters
Simultaneous Multicolor Imaging of Biological Structures with Fluorescence Photoactivation Localization Microscopy
Institutions: University of Maine.
Localization-based super resolution microscopy can be applied to obtain a spatial map (image) of the distribution of individual fluorescently labeled single molecules within a sample with a spatial resolution of tens of nanometers. Using either photoactivatable (PAFP) or photoswitchable (PSFP) fluorescent proteins fused to proteins of interest, or organic dyes conjugated to antibodies or other molecules of interest, fluorescence photoactivation localization microscopy (FPALM) can simultaneously image multiple species of molecules within single cells. By using the following approach, populations of large numbers (thousands to hundreds of thousands) of individual molecules are imaged in single cells and localized with a precision of ~10-30 nm. Data obtained can be applied to understanding the nanoscale spatial distributions of multiple protein types within a cell. One primary advantage of this technique is the dramatic increase in spatial resolution: while diffraction limits resolution to ~200-250 nm in conventional light microscopy, FPALM can image length scales more than an order of magnitude smaller. As many biological hypotheses concern the spatial relationships among different biomolecules, the improved resolution of FPALM can provide insight into questions of cellular organization which have previously been inaccessible to conventional fluorescence microscopy. In addition to detailing the methods for sample preparation and data acquisition, we here describe the optical setup for FPALM. One additional consideration for researchers wishing to do super-resolution microscopy is cost: in-house setups are significantly cheaper than most commercially available imaging machines. Limitations of this technique include the need for optimizing the labeling of molecules of interest within cell samples, and the need for post-processing software to visualize results. We here describe the use of PAFP and PSFP expression to image two protein species in fixed cells. Extension of the technique to living cells is also described.
Basic Protocol, Issue 82, Microscopy, Super-resolution imaging, Multicolor, single molecule, FPALM, Localization microscopy, fluorescent proteins
In Situ SIMS and IR Spectroscopy of Well-defined Surfaces Prepared by Soft Landing of Mass-selected Ions
Institutions: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
Soft landing of mass-selected ions onto surfaces is a powerful approach for the highly-controlled preparation of materials that are inaccessible using conventional synthesis techniques. Coupling soft landing with in situ
characterization using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) enables analysis of well-defined surfaces under clean vacuum conditions. The capabilities of three soft-landing instruments constructed in our laboratory are illustrated for the representative system of surface-bound organometallics prepared by soft landing of mass-selected ruthenium tris(bipyridine) dications, [Ru(bpy)3
(bpy = bipyridine), onto carboxylic acid terminated self-assembled monolayer surfaces on gold (COOH-SAMs). In situ
time-of-flight (TOF)-SIMS provides insight into the reactivity of the soft-landed ions. In addition, the kinetics of charge reduction, neutralization and desorption occurring on the COOH-SAM both during and after ion soft landing are studied using in situ
Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR)-SIMS measurements. In situ
IRRAS experiments provide insight into how the structure of organic ligands surrounding metal centers is perturbed through immobilization of organometallic ions on COOH-SAM surfaces by soft landing. Collectively, the three instruments provide complementary information about the chemical composition, reactivity and structure of well-defined species supported on surfaces.
Chemistry, Issue 88, soft landing, mass selected ions, electrospray, secondary ion mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, organometallic, catalysis
A PCR-based Genotyping Method to Distinguish Between Wild-type and Ornamental Varieties of Imperata cylindrica
Institutions: The University of Alabama, Huntsville, Center for Plant Health Science and Technology.
Wild-type I. cylindrica
(cogongrass) is one of the top ten worst invasive plants in the world, negatively impacting agricultural and natural resources in 73 different countries throughout Africa, Asia, Europe, New Zealand, Oceania and the Americas1-2
. Cogongrass forms rapidly-spreading, monodominant stands that displace a large variety of native plant species and in turn threaten the native animals that depend on the displaced native plant species for forage and shelter. To add to the problem, an ornamental variety [I. cylindrica
(Retzius)] is widely marketed under the names of Imperata cylindrica
'Rubra', Red Baron, and Japanese blood grass (JBG). This variety is putatively sterile and noninvasive and is considered a desirable ornamental for its red-colored leaves. However, under the correct conditions, JBG can produce viable seed (Carol Holko, 2009 personal communication) and can revert to a green invasive form that is often indistinguishable from cogongrass as it takes on the distinguishing characteristics of the wild-type invasive variety4
). This makes identification using morphology a difficult task even for well-trained plant taxonomists. Reversion of JBG to an aggressive green phenotype is also not a rare occurrence. Using sequence comparisons of coding and variable regions in both nuclear and chloroplast DNA, we have confirmed that JBG has reverted to the green invasive within the states of Maryland, South Carolina, and Missouri. JBG has been sold and planted in just about every state in the continental U.S. where there is not an active cogongrass infestation. The extent of the revert problem in not well understood because reverted plants are undocumented and often destroyed.
Application of this molecular protocol provides a method to identify JBG reverts and can help keep these varieties from co-occurring and possibly hybridizing. Cogongrass is an obligate outcrosser and, when crossed with a different genotype, can produce viable wind-dispersed seeds that spread cogongrass over wide distances5-7
. JBG has a slightly different genotype than cogongrass and may be able to form viable hybrids with cogongrass. To add to the problem, JBG is more cold and shade tolerant than cogongrass8-10
, and gene flow between these two varieties is likely to generate hybrids that are more aggressive, shade tolerant, and cold hardy than wild-type cogongrass. While wild-type cogongrass currently infests over 490 million hectares worldwide, in the Southeast U.S. it infests over 500,000 hectares and is capable of occupying most of the U.S. as it rapidly spreads northward due to its broad niche and geographic potential3,7,11
. The potential of a genetic crossing is a serious concern for the USDA-APHIS Federal Noxious Week Program. Currently, the USDA-APHIS prohibits JBG in states where there are major cogongrass infestations (e.g., Florida, Alabama, Mississippi). However, preventing the two varieties from combining can prove more difficult as cogongrass and JBG expand their distributions. Furthermore, the distribution of the JBG revert is currently unknown and without the ability to identify these varieties through morphology, some cogongrass infestations may be the result of JBG reverts. Unfortunately, current molecular methods of identification typically rely on AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms) and DNA sequencing, both of which are time consuming and costly. Here, we present the first cost-effective and reliable PCR-based molecular genotyping method to accurately distinguish between cogongrass and JBG revert.
Molecular Biology, Issue 60, Molecular genotyping, Japanese blood grass, Red Baron, cogongrass, invasive plants
Methods for Performing Crosses in Setaria viridis, a New Model System for the Grasses
Institutions: Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Boyce Thompson Institute.
is an emerging model system for C4
grasses. It is closely related to the bioenergy feed stock switchgrass and the grain crop foxtail millet. Recently, the 510 Mb genome of foxtail millet, S. italica,
has been sequenced 1,2
and a 25x coverage genome sequence of the weedy relative S. viridis
is in progress. S. viridis
has a number of characteristics that make it a potentially excellent model genetic system including a rapid generation time, small stature, simple growth requirements, prolific seed production 3
and developed systems for both transient and stable transformation 4
. However, the genetics of S. viridis
is largely unexplored, in part, due to the lack of detailed methods for performing crosses. To date, no standard protocol has been adopted that will permit rapid production of seeds from controlled crosses.
The protocol presented here is optimized for performing genetic crosses in S. viridis
, accession A10.1. We have employed a simple heat treatment with warm water for emasculation after pruning the panicle to retain 20-30 florets and labeling of flowers to eliminate seeds resulting from newly developed flowers after emasculation. After testing a series of heat treatments at permissive temperatures and varying the duration of dipping, we have established an optimum temperature and time range of 48 °C for 3-6 min. By using this method, a minimum of 15 crosses can be performed by a single worker per day and an average of 3-5 outcross progeny per panicle can be recovered. Therefore, an average of 45-75 outcross progeny can be produced by one person in a single day. Broad implementation of this technique will facilitate the development of recombinant inbred line populations of S. viridis
X S. viridis
or S. viridis
X S. italica
, mapping mutations through bulk segregant analysis and creating higher order mutants for genetic analysis.
Environmental Sciences, Issue 80, Hybridization, Genetics, plants, Setaria viridis, crosses, emasculation, flowering, seed propagation, seed dormancy
Electroporation of Mycobacteria
Institutions: Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry.
High efficiency transformation is a major limitation in the study of mycobacteria. The genus Mycobacterium can be difficult to transform; this is mainly caused by the thick and waxy cell wall, but is compounded by the fact that most molecular techniques have been developed for distantly-related species such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. In spite of these obstacles, mycobacterial plasmids have been identified and DNA transformation of many mycobacterial species have now been described. The most successful method for introducing DNA into mycobacteria is electroporation. Many parameters contribute to successful transformation; these include the species/strain, the nature of the transforming DNA, the selectable marker used, the growth medium, and the conditions for the electroporation pulse. Optimized methods for the transformation of both slow- and fast-grower are detailed here. Transformation efficiencies for different mycobacterial species and with various selectable markers are reported.
Microbiology, Issue 15, Springer Protocols, Mycobacteria, Electroporation, Bacterial Transformation, Transformation Efficiency, Bacteria, Tuberculosis, M. Smegmatis, Springer Protocols
Principles of Rodent Surgery for the New Surgeon
Institutions: Research Models and Services.
For both scientific and animal welfare reasons, training in basic surgical concepts and techniques should be undertaken before ever seeking to perform surgery on a rodent. Students, post-doctoral scholars, and others interested in performing surgery on rodents as part of a research protocol may not have had formal surgical training as part of their required coursework. Surgery itself is a technical skill, and one that will improve with practice. The principles of aseptic technique, however, often remain unexplained or untaught. For most new surgeons, this vital information is presented in piecemeal fashion or learned on the job, neither of which is ideal. It may also make learning how to perform a particular surgery difficult, as the new surgeon is learning both a surgical technique and the principles of asepsis at the same time. This article summarizes and makes recommendations for basic surgical skills and techniques necessary for successful rodent surgery. This article is designed to supplement hands-on training by the user's institution.
Basic Protocols, Issue 47, Surgery, aseptic technique, rodent, training, rat, mouse,
Layers of Symbiosis - Visualizing the Termite Hindgut Microbial Community
Institutions: California Institute of Technology - Caltech.
Jared Leadbetter takes us for a nature walk through the diversity of life resident in the termite hindgut - a microenvironment containing 250 different species found nowhere else on Earth. Jared reveals that the symbiosis exhibited by this system is multi-layered and involves not only a relationship between the termite and its gut inhabitants, but also involves a complex web of symbiosis among the gut microbes themselves.
Microbiology, issue 4, microbial community, symbiosis, hindgut
Preventing the Spread of Malaria and Dengue Fever Using Genetically Modified Mosquitoes
Institutions: University of California, Irvine (UCI).
In this candid interview, Anthony A. James explains how mosquito genetics can be exploited to control malaria and dengue transmission. Population replacement strategy, the idea that transgenic mosquitoes can be released into the wild to control disease transmission, is introduced, as well as the concept of genetic drive and the design criterion for an effective genetic drive system. The ethical considerations of releasing genetically-modified organisms into the wild are also discussed.
Cellular Biology, Issue 5, mosquito, malaria, dengue fever, genetics, infectious disease, Translational Research
Population Replacement Strategies for Controlling Vector Populations and the Use of Wolbachia pipientis for Genetic Drive
Institutions: Johns Hopkins University.
In this video, Jason Rasgon discusses population replacement strategies to control vector-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue. "Population replacement" is the replacement of wild vector populations (that are competent to transmit pathogens) with those that are not competent to transmit pathogens. There are several theoretical strategies to accomplish this. One is to exploit the maternally-inherited symbiotic bacteria Wolbachia pipientis. Wolbachia is a widespread reproductive parasite that spreads in a selfish manner at the extent of its host's fitness. Jason Rasgon discusses, in detail, the basic biology of this bacterial symbiont and various ways to use it for control of vector-borne diseases.
Cellular Biology, Issue 5, mosquito, malaria, genetics, infectious disease, Wolbachia
Testing Nicotine Tolerance in Aphids Using an Artificial Diet Experiment
Institutions: Cornell University.
Plants may upregulate the production of many different seconday metabolites in response to insect feeding. One of these metabolites, nicotine, is well know to have insecticidal properties. One response of tobacco plants to herbivory, or being gnawed upon by insects, is to increase the production of this neurotoxic alkaloid. Here, we will demonstrate how to set up an experiment to address this question of whether a tobacco-adapted strain of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, can tolerate higher levels of nicotine than the a strain of this insect that does not infest tobacco in the field.
Plant Biology, Issue 15, Annual Review, Nicotine, Aphids, Plant Feeding Resistance, Tobacco
Using Learning Outcome Measures to assess Doctoral Nursing Education
Institutions: Harris College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Texas Christian University.
Education programs at all levels must be able to demonstrate successful program outcomes. Grades alone do not represent a comprehensive measurement methodology for assessing student learning outcomes at either the course or program level. The development and application of assessment rubrics provides an unequivocal measurement methodology to ensure a quality learning experience by providing a foundation for improvement based on qualitative and quantitatively measurable, aggregate course and program outcomes. Learning outcomes are the embodiment of the total learning experience and should incorporate assessment of both qualitative and quantitative program outcomes. The assessment of qualitative measures represents a challenge for educators in any level of a learning program. Nursing provides a unique challenge and opportunity as it is the application of science through the art of caring. Quantification of desired student learning outcomes may be enhanced through the development of assessment rubrics designed to measure quantitative and qualitative aspects of the nursing education and learning process. They provide a mechanism for uniform assessment by nursing faculty of concepts and constructs that are otherwise difficult to describe and measure. A protocol is presented and applied to a doctoral nursing education program with recommendations for application and transformation of the assessment rubric to other education programs. Through application of these specially designed rubrics, all aspects of an education program can be adequately assessed to provide information for program assessment that facilitates the closure of the gap between desired and actual student learning outcomes for any desired educational competency.
Medicine, Issue 40, learning, outcomes, measurement, program, assessment, rubric
Applying Microfluidics to Electrophysiology
Institutions: University of Illinois, Chicago.
Microfluidics can be integrated with standard electrophysiology techniques to allow new experimental modalities. Specifically, the motivation for the microfluidic brain slice device is discussed including how the device docks to standard perfusion chambers and the technique of passive pumping which is used to deliver boluses of neuromodulators to the brain slice. By simplifying the device design, we are able to achieve a practical solution to the current unmet electrophysiology need of applying multiple neuromodulators across multiple regions of the brain slice. This is achieved by substituting the standard coverglass substrate of the perfusion chamber with a thin microfluidic device bonded to the coverglass substrate. This was then attached to the perfusion chamber and small holes connect the open-well of the perfusion chamber to the microfluidic channels buried within the microfluidic substrate. These microfluidic channels are interfaced with ports drilled into the edge of the perfusion chamber to access and deliver stimulants. This project represents how the field of microfluidics is transitioning away from proof-of concept device demonstrations and into practical solutions for unmet experimental and clinical needs.
Neuroscience, Issue 8, Biomedical Engineering, Microfluidics, Slice Recording, Electrophysiology, Neurotransmitter, Bioengineering | <urn:uuid:574f07be-0541-4f04-af3d-110c1f540b6d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.jove.com/visualize/abstract/22802945/cryptic-species-putative-ancient-asexual-darwinulids-crustacea | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717783.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00075-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.901002 | 10,636 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Prince William To Afghanistan?
Prince William declared his desire to follow his brother Prince Harry and serve in the British force in Afghanistan. "In my eyes, if Harry can do it then I can do it," William told reporters Thursday. "I didn't join the forces to be mollycoddled or treated any differently. I still remain hopeful there's a chance." Harry, 24, served 10-weeks in Afghanistan in March 2008. Both princes are studying in military academies: William is learning to be a pilot in Royal Air Force and Harry is studying to fly military helicopters. (Photo: WENN) | <urn:uuid:0616d372-b482-42ae-a1ee-084d13d46f3f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://uinterview.com/news/prince-william-to-afghanistan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.973272 | 125 | 1.5 | 2 |
Benefitting country(ies): Bosnia and Herzegovina
The proposed project is to support the ongoing initiative to digitize elements of living heritage practiced in Bosnia and Herzegovina, being implemented by the NGOs familiar with the 2003 Convention. Beneficiary communities will be i) sensitized on the importance of intangible cultural heritage safeguarding and they will also receive support for ii) identifying elements of their intangible cultural heritage and iii) documenting them with the use of digital technology. Particular attention will be paid for understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the safeguarding of living heritage among these communities and their aspirations and needs for recovery and preparedness.
News and activities:
- 2022-03-11 – Bosnia and Herzegovina successfully digitalize its living heritage after the COVID-19 pandemic
01/01/2020 - 01/12/2021 – A systemic approach to advancing SDGs by supporting citizenship and social protection for hard-to-reach populations in Gabon01/06/2021 - 01/12/2021 – Supporting local income-generating activities with the Charles Town Maroons of Jamaica | <urn:uuid:f6c41099-4227-4413-84d3-c90c54fd4e8e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ich.unesco.org/en/projects/digitization-of-the-intangible-cultural-heritage-elements-of-communities-in-bosnia-and-herzegovina-00462?projectID=00462 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.894829 | 236 | 1.929688 | 2 |
St. Euphrosyne, Abbess of Polotsk
St. Euphrosyne, Abbess of Polotsk, was named Predslava in the world, and was the daughter of Prince George Vseslavich. From her childhood she was known for her love of prayer and book learning. After turning down a proposal of marriage, Predslava received monastic tonsure with the name Euphrosyne. With the blessing of Bishop Elias of Polotsk, she began to live near the Sophia Cathedral, where she copied books.
Around 1128, Bishop Elias entrusted St. Euphrosyne with the task of organizing a women’s monastery. Setting out for Seltso, the site of the future monastery, she took only her holy books. At the newly constructed Savior-Transfiguration Monastery, the saint taught the girls to copy books, as well as singing, sewing and other handicrafts.
Through her efforts, a cathedral was built in 1161, which survives to the present day. St. Euphrosyne also founded a men’s monastery dedicated to the Mother of God. Patriarch Luke of Constantinople sent a copy of the wonderworking Ephesus Icon of the Mother of God at her request. Shortly before her death, St Euphrosyne journeyed on pilgrimage to the Holy Places with her nephew, David, and sister, Eupraxia.
After venerating the holy places in Constantinople, she arrived in Jerusalem, where at the Russian Monastery of the Most Holy Theotokos the Lord granted her a peaceful end on May 24, 1173.
In 1187, St. Euphrosyne’s body was transferred to the Kiev Caves Monastery. In 1910, her relics were transferred to Polotsk to the monastery she founded.
St. Euphrosyne of Polotsk was glorified in the Russian Church as a patroness of women’s monasticism.
By permission of the Orthodox Church in America (www.oca.org) | <urn:uuid:54365e4e-06f9-459b-a9cf-bd63b0b56745> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://antiochian.org/node/18639 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719843.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00293-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962245 | 424 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Japan is the world’s largest bilateral donor, spending over US$13 billion in Official Development Assistance (ODA) in 2000. Despite domestic pressure to reduce ODA owing to the struggling economy, efforts are being made to sustain the level and make it more effective. One approach to increasing effectiveness has been greater involvement of NGOs.
Since 1989 the Japanese Government has made increasing efforts to channel ODA through NGOs. Japanese NGOs that carry out development work overseas are eligible to receive ODA funds through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) through five separate schemes.
Grants under the Grassroots Projects is the one scheme within which grants are not always made to Japanese NGOs. They may be made to Japanese NGOs if their activities in the recipient countries are long-standing and well established at grassroots level. Alternatively, Japanese governmental establishments or embassies overseas with in-depth knowledge of their respective host countries may play a key role in funding relatively small projects implemented by local organizations.
The government also participates in forums for dialogue and exchange of views with NGOs. Regular NGO-MOFA meetings were established in 1996 and the NGO-JICA dialogue in 1998. In 2000, the ‘Japan Platform’ was set up. This is a partnership between government, NGOs and business, with each contributing resources and expertise to provide emergency relief for natural disasters and refugees. In 2000, 580 million yen was designated for it.
While government-NGO partnerships have been increasing, there is still a long way to go. Development of a fully-fledged partnership will depend on greater appreciation by government of the effective contributions NGOs can make in development assistance and growth of the expertise and institutional infrastructure of NGOs.
Tadashi Yamamoto is President of the Japan Center for International Exchange (JCIE) and Laura Potter is a Program Associate at JCIE. They can be contacted by email at email@example.com or firstname.lastname@example.org | <urn:uuid:a398e4d4-296d-4f35-bda4-8a8f06f215ce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.alliancemagazine.org/feature/japanese-government-channels-oda-to-ngos/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.952955 | 406 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Keeping citizens inside a country is usually considered tyranny. Keeping them out is to support those tyrannies. America is founded on the principle of immigration. It is founded on the principle of escaping a past life, and a corrupt government to live in freedom. Part of the greatness of the newborn American nation was that you could live in any state within it. If you didn't agree with the government of one state, you could go to another. America has the land space to support a much greater population size, and I can see no logical reason to bar citizens from other nations from supporting our great nation by coming to it. Let other nations know that freedom is what the people want.
I think that United States does need to make easier ways to get citizenship. This country is founded on letting whoever join this nation, but now we are making it hard for people to become part of our family. I think that is wrong. The government needs to step it up.
The US has one of the easiest paths to citizenship in the world: birthright citizenship under the Fourteenth Amendment. In no other country on earth can one become a citizen simply through being born while one's foreign born parents happened to be there. The system for adults is already enormously generous compared to other countries. It wasn't that long ago that the US had periodic moratoriums on all forms of immigration and had strict ethnic quotas. Now anyone, from anywhere can become a US citizen. If anything, our system ought to be tightened again.
The current path to citizenship in the United States is perfectly fine as is. The system that has been in place for over 200 years is one that has been shown to work time and time again. There is not significant reason to relax the standards. We need to have some barrier to entry into this country.
I think the path to citizenship has to remain the way it is. There's definitely a problem with illegal immigrants in this nation, and there's nothing being done to solve that. They take jobs that legal citizens could have and provide problems. I believe if there's anything to take care of in the U.S in terms of citizenship, it should be illegal immigration. We can't have more people come in when it's troublesome already as it is. | <urn:uuid:b60de263-fc83-4a75-9fa7-07722ff58b57> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.debate.org/opinions/does-the-u-s-need-an-easier-path-to-citizenship | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00283-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984133 | 456 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Requirements and Costs Associated with the Custody Rule
GAO-13-569: Published: Jul 8, 2013. Publicly Released: Jul 8, 2013.
What GAO Found
Designed to safeguard client assets, the Securities and Exchange Commission's(SEC) rule governing advisers' custody of client assets (custody rule) imposes various requirements and, in turn, costs on investment advisers. To protect investors, the rule requires advisers that have custody to (1) use qualified custodians (e.g., banks or broker-dealers) to hold client assets and (2) have a reasonable basis for believing that the custodian sends account statements directly to clients.
The rule also requires advisers with custody, unless they qualify for an exception, to hire an independent public accountant to conduct annually a surprise examination to verify custody of client assets. According to accountants that GAO interviewed, examination cost depends on an adviser's number of clients under custody and other factors. These factors vary widely across advisers that currently report undergoing surprise examinations: for example, their reported number of clients under custody ranged from 1 client to over 1 million clients as of April 2013. Thus, the cost of the examinations varies widely across the advisers. The rule also requires advisers maintaining client assets or using a qualified custodian that is a related person to obtain an internal control report to assess the suitability and effectiveness of controls in place. The cost of these reports varies across custodians based on their size and services.
SEC provided an exception from the surprise examination requirement to, among others, advisers deemed to have custody solely because of their use of related but "operationally independent" custodians. According to SEC, an adviser and custodian under common ownership but having operationally independent management pose relatively lower client custodial risks, because the misuse of client assets would tend to require collusion between the firms' employees. To be considered operationally independent, an adviser and its related custodian must not be under common supervision, not share premises, and meet other conditions. About 2 percent of the SEC-registered advisers qualify for this exception for at least some of their clients. If the exception were eliminated, the cost of the surprise examination would vary across the advisers because the factors that affect examination cost vary widely across the advisers.
Why GAO Did This Study
Investment advisers provide a wide range of services and collectively manage around $54 trillion in assets for around 24 million clients. Unlike banks and broker-dealers, investment advisers typically do not maintain physical custody of client assets. However, under federal securities regulations, advisers may be deemed to have custody because of their authority to access client assets, for example, by deducting advisory fees from a client account. High-profile fraud cases in recent years highlighted the risks faced by investors when an adviser has custody of their assets. In response, SEC amended its custody rule in 2009 to require a broader range of advisers to undergo annual surprise examinations by independent accountants. At the same time, SEC provided relief from this requirement to certain advisers, including those deemed to have custody solely because of their use of related but "operationally independent" custodians. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act mandates GAO to study the costs associated with the custody rule. This report describes (1) the requirements of and costs associated with the custody rule and (2) SEC's rationale for not requiring advisers using related but operationally independent custodians to undergo surprise examinations.
To address the objectives, GAO reviewed federal securities laws and related rules, analyzed data on advisers, and met with SEC, advisers, accounting firms, and industry and other associations.
For more information, contact A. Nicole Clowers at (202) 512-8678 or email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:5f69d1f9-e077-4cca-b0ac-e4f2c5c522d9> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-13-569 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720941.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00518-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951703 | 767 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Executives on a recent panel say flawed practices and operations within companies, not CRM technology, are to blame for CRM failures.
Posted Dec 6, 2002
A recent panel discussion on marketing innovations over the past 20 years suggests that much of the blame for CRM failures is due to flawed practices and operations within companies rather than to CRM technology.
The panel, sponsored by online magazine Reveries, included David Norton, vice president of loyalty marketing at Harrah's Entertainment; Michael Schrage, codirector of MIT Media Labs E-Markets Initiative; Joe Dobrow, executive director of the Cal Ripken Sr. Foundation; and Spencer Hapoienu, president of Insight Out of Chaos, a database management and analysis firm, based in New York.
Schrage says the problem with CRM is that "it's not about customers, it's not about relationships, and it's not about management."
What CRM is currently, he says, is a technical system designed to let companies do a better job of managing what is perceived to be "relevant data" about customers. "It's value-added database management," Schrage says.
All four panelists agree there is a healthy amount of fresh and inspired thinking about marketing, and that CRM can play a key role there. However, most of the panelist say that creative developments fail to materialize due to cultural disconnects within companies. Dobrow blames this on corporations obsessed with technology and using it as a surrogate for innovation.
He also notes the need for a "rabbi within the company" to get behind an idea and see it through. Others agree with the practice of having a senior executive to shepherd ideas, as well as to evangelize ideas at all levels within the company. Norton also emphasizes the importance of early buy-in at senior management levels.
However, Hapoienu feels there is currently a "big vacuum" in marketing leadership. The vast amount of media channels and message-delivery options add to the confusion. Most feel that CRM, while central to marketing innovation, is falling short of its potential, often because marketers get wrapped up in the tools, rather than thinking how to drive more value for their customers.
Most panelists also note that marketing campaigns are never stuck to long enough to learn the real ROI.
Dobrow proposes a back-to-basics move that might help. He says marketers need to get back in that mindset of making sure every customer that touches you is recorded and responded to.
Hapoienu goes further, asking companies to use CRM as "a strategy that envelops the organization." One way to do that is to spend quality time with customers. Schrage advocates companies adhere rigorously to the 20/80 rule: Pursue the 20 percent of customers that generate 80 percent of the revenues, profits, investments, and learning.
Finally, most agree that there is a huge need to educated employees about the importance of connecting with customers.
Norton says that over the past four years Harrah's has been able to take transactional data, understand who the customers are, understand what kind of share-of-wallet it is getting from these customers, and then tailor its messages and offers. Initially and primarily, Harrah's is still doing that through direct mail, but increasingly through telemarketing and email as well.
Sponsored By: Marketo and Real Magnet
Sponsored By: Informatica | <urn:uuid:813f87c2-5d2d-4053-b9a9-0e8ae21b128c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.destinationcrm.com/Articles/CRM-News/Daily-News/Process-Versus-Product-48044.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00060-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964147 | 711 | 1.578125 | 2 |
I hate bad statistics. I posted before about the statistics of the Hitchens vs Blair debate. Statistics are important to make good decisions. Statistics are vital in things like medicine. Statistics help us see whether a drug is or isn’t safe. Some of the worst examples in medicines are because mistakes are made in the statistics. They are also used to decide great areas of public life – whether we change policy and even legislation. It is therefore important to have statistics that are accurate and looked at properly.
There are a number of questionable statements made yesterday and today on the radio that really should have a health warning against them.
Firstly, there was a discussion on the PM programme last night on Radio 4 about how often we should have an MOT test. The government is thinking of going to the
continental system of no MOT before 4 years and then an MOT every 2 years and no longer annually. Now I don’t have much to say about this per se. What I do find difficult is when the person on the programme defending the current system says of vans:
At the moment about 50% fail [about van MOT’s], which basically means 1 in 2 vans you see on the road is probably an MOT failure.
Now. Lets look at this. The implication is firstly that all MOT failures are major events. Anyone who has an older car will know that this is not true. For example a car does not require ABS brakes to be road worthy. But if you had ABS installed and it doesn’t work then it can fail (even if you know it doesn’t work and you are not depending on it).
But more importantly, this is statistical nonsense. Firstly, there are all the newer vans, under 3 years old, that are far less likely to fail. Then each year every van over 3 years has to have an MOT that means that it cannot go back onto the road unless it passes. It means that therefore there is a failure rate over the course of the year where vans get up to a 50% failure rate. Now this may not be a straight line graph – it could be a slow start and then a speeding up of a rate of failure (more likely) or a faster rate and then a slowing down of failure.
For the sake of the argument lets assume a straight line failure rate as a middle road. That would mean that to reach 50% of the van population you would need about a 4% failure rate per month of vans.
According to the DVLA there appear to be about 2 million light vans registered in this country. In addition there have been 220,000 vans bought new in this country this year. Assume that this is the case each year and we find 1/3 of all vans are less than 3 years old.
So the maths would be % of new vans failed plus the no. of months that a van is away from MOT x monthly failure rate x %of vans
So if failure rate of new vans is near zero (as they are likely to be under warranty) then the sums are 6 x 4% x 2/3 = 16%. A third of the man on the radio’s estimate. So the answer when he says “probably 1 in 2 is an MOT failure” the answer is “probably not”.
Then there has been an article in the Guardian today by David Lammy an ex education minister in the last government. He makes some valid points about the fact that Oxbridge does not reflect the country – BUT – the statistics that he uses really are questionable. There are two articles worth reading here and here. What David Lammy is right to say is that it is a disgrace that Oxbridge candidates are drawn from such a small pool when there are so many others who are every bit as bright.
What the statistics that he quoted say far louder than anything else is that the great pupils around the country who are capable of going for Oxbridge aren’t being encouraged by their schools. One of my daughter’s friends in Merseyside was every bit as bright but has gone to a local college rather than applying to Oxbridge. David Lammy says that no-one in the borough of Knowsley has applied to Cambridge since 2003. But why isn’t the education authority addressing this? Why aren’t they demanding that schools encourage and support candidate?
Why are we satisfied with a school system that means that young black people do badly at A level or indeed working class white people? The conclusion that I draw from David Lammy’s piece is that the statistics say that the real problem lies earlier in our education system. The BBC are reporting how far we are falling in the international rankings. I find this totally unsurprising when many state schools take only 9 GCSE’s (and most top universities require 9 A*’s to even consider you) and too often they are not academically rigorous enough (combined science or BTEC’s). Unless we deal with this then we will have fewer and fewer students capable of coping with Oxbridge.
So lets be driven by good statistics. Lets look at why the school system is not working in parts of the country. As a governor of a local school my constant refrain is to ask how we can help those groups who are performing least well. In terms of those on free school meals its results are “outstanding”. What “outstanding” mean is in the top few percentage as gauged against other schools and how their students on free school meals achieve. It does not mean students being in the top few percent in the country as a whole. We haven’t cracked this problem. We are nowhere near solving the problem. But to put this purely onto Oxbridge (which has its fair share of the blame) is ludicrous and isn’t supported by the statistics.
Update 9th December
There is a great article by the statistical magazine significance regarding David Lammy’s claim about Oxbridge entrance (which he repeated today). | <urn:uuid:3aa04278-8fed-41ba-b9c4-cc27d3a03fd2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://willcookson.wordpress.com/2010/12/07/more-questionable-statistics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00360-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9691 | 1,239 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Las Vegas, NV (PressExposure) July 15, 2014 -- John Beebe, a International Leading Youth Motivational Speaker, aka "The Climber Guy," and his team of climbers became stranded in the mountains of Papua, New Guinea, Indonesia when their local guides abandoned them due to political unrest among the remote villagers who seek independence.
After preparing for months, John and his team climbed the mountain of Carstenz Pyramid in Indonesia, one of the "Seven Summits" which describes the tallest peaks on each continent. After reaching the summit, in the remote areas of the country where cannibalism was practiced a few as 50 years ago, the porters accompanying them abandoned the climbers stealing their food, water, and supplies.
These porters, local tribesmen, were hired to assure safe travels throughout the hostile lands. However, with the outbreak of political unrest in response to a highly contested election where local groups seek independence, the climbers were now on their own in peril.
With local tribes warring with other tribes, against outside forces, and among themselves, in addition to the lack of supplies, the climbers had little hope of hiking down the mountain alive.
While legal specifications were put in place with a guide company requiring a helicopter airlift in case of a political emergency, the hired agency does not have the insurance or the funds to provide for the airlift as placed in the contractual contingency plan. Adding to the complications, the climbers are at 12,500 feet which place them higher the most helicopters can safely fly.
Presently, the climbers are camped outside the Freeport Mine, owned by Freeport-McMoRan of Phoenix, Arizona. Trapped between the mining area and the warring tribes, the climbers started out in in dire consequences without food, water, and shelter.
Despite outreach to the US Embassy in Jakarta, Indonesia, the climbers were advised to find their own way out of a dangerous political situation. As of Friday, John Beede, climber, was able to reach his brother in the US via satellite phone to state their current condition as alive. However, after four days, the family's are fearing the team has reached serious danger and likely require critical intervention.
While the mining company had provided the team with rice and water for basic survival over the weekend, today good news reached the family from the mines representatives. Whereas the company had previously refused to intervene beyond limited rations to food and water, the representatives stating the company leaders had now agreed to provide the stranded climbers with immediate evacuation assistance.
Weather permitting the company leaders will allow the use of an employee shuttle tomorrow to rescue the men from the wilderness to provide them with medical access within the Freeport Medical Facility. Assisting the climbers with the necessary paperwork clearing them for travel, the team will be escorted to the nearest city, Timika. The families are hopeful that the weather conditions will allow the team to arrive safely to civilization tomorrow evening when the climbers will finally be able to call home.
The family took to social media as a form of outreach to gather support from US citizens, citizens from other countries, political, and more. This press release came as a direct result of social media whereas John Beede's Las Vegas friend Jon Carmicheal, photographer posted about Beede's plight. Seen by Andrea Adams-Miller of TheREDCarpetConnection.com Publishing, Publicity, and Talent Agency put out this press release to foster continued support so that this mission will ensue to bring the team home. | <urn:uuid:e3874f66-8646-423a-823d-88bb1bb21f63> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://pressexposure.com/US_Climbers_in_Dire_Need_of_Rescue_Assistance_After_Political_Unrest_Leaves_the_Team_Stranded_in_the_Mountains_Without_Supplies-693156.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00088-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968962 | 713 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Further down the road, there will be an extended and passionate debate on when, how and why humanity lost the opportunity to mitigate the expanding climate crisis. For now, it’s all hands on deck. Several recent developments illustrate the increasing dimensions of the crisis:
Intensifying and widening risks: According to the sixth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), carbon dioxide concentrations not only continue to increase, but the rate of increase also has speeded up. Over the next 20 years, IPCC scenarios estimate that the average global temperature is expected to range between 1.2 degrees and 1.9 degrees Celsius. In practical terms, this means that our current simultaneous experiences — droughts and fire in the American West and Siberia, torrential rains and floods in Western Europe and Eastern North America, historically high temperatures in many areas of the world, warmer and more acidic oceans, the declining ability of the Amazon rainforest to function as a carbon sink, migration of people and other species — will only intensify in the years to come.
Slowing and then reversing the advance of global climate change will require the dedicated work of multiple generations involving all age groups.
Lagging international process: The Conference of the Parties process, activated in 1995, relies upon Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to measure the commitments of individual nations to curb climate change. As of July 31, only 58 percent of the national delegations had submitted their plans. In the polite words of the chair of the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change, the submissions are “still far from satisfactory … the level of ambition … also needs to be enhanced.” In other words, the scale of the expanding climate crisis is outracing the ability of the established international process to keep up with it. According to University of Washington Professor Adrian Raftery, the world needs to reduce carbon emissions by 1.8 percent per year to attain a more sustainable trajectory. Current NDC emissions plans amount to only 20 percent of that amount.
Underwhelming business community response: While a few companies receive great attention for their climate commitments, the large majority of enterprises (either privately held or state-owned) do not have climate change as a major management focus. On June 2, the WWF-US released a study of the largest Fortune 500 U.S. companies’ climate commitments. The results show some progress but were generally limited in matching corporate goals and investments to the expanding scale of the problem. Only 17 percent of companies established a comprehensive net zero or carbon neutrality goal. Twenty percent have formally committed to a target through the Science Based Target initiative. Eighteen percent have also set a climate goal that includes indirect emissions across their value chains (Scope 3 emissions), while just 30 percent of enterprises with greenhouse gas targets have set renewable energy goals.
Many of these same firms are members of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and other advocacy organizations that have launched a multimillion-dollar lobbying campaign to strip the Biden administration’s proposed $3.5 trillion reconciliation bill of provisions for reducing inequality, implementing corporate tax reform, paring back subsidies to the fossil fuel industry and decarbonizing the electric power and transportation systems.
The painful reality of these developments will require many generations of sustained efforts to offset the hundreds of years of carbon-equivalent emissions already banked in the atmosphere. As the IPCC has historically underestimated the pace of climate change, in all likelihood we’ve already blown past the 1.5 degrees Celsius target of the 2015 Paris Accord. The growing frequency of adverse weather-climate events makes it impossible to define a “new normal.”
Despite the significant new investments in infrastructure and major consumer products, the process of turning over infrastructure is historically very slow. This is both an economic problem (availability of resources must align with supply-chain delivery of materials coupled with enough trained workers to manage and implement projects) and a behavioral challenge (will enough consumers change and accelerate their purchasing decisions to acquire electric vehicles and solar rooftops and install energy-efficiency systems in their households?).
The major question facing the delegates participating in the COP26 meeting in Glasgow beginning Oct. 31 is not how best to cajole additional national commitments from individual nations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Nor is it to provide a platform, however important in the moment, for impassioned speeches about the fate of the planet hanging in the balance. After a quarter-century of dedicated work, COP participants should acknowledge that the pace of climate change has outrun the ability to effectively respond to it at their level of decision-making.
What is to be done?
Two major initiatives are needed to slow and then reverse the momentum of the expanding climate crisis. Neither is scientific nor economic.
The first initiative was presented by author and activist Bill McKibben in his final “Climate Crisis” column in the Sept. 1 issue of The New Yorker. Surveying the coalescing opposition to the Biden reconciliation infrastructure plan, he argued the necessity to “meet organized money with organized people.” While confident that climate change occupies the core of millennials’ priorities, he is planning a new initiative to focus on “experienced Americans” — baby boomers, who own a huge percentage of America’s financial assets and hold the balance of political power for the foreseeable future.
At an earlier time in life, these Americans led cultural and political change before settling into their middle and thickening years. Now at or near retirement years, with grandchildren’s futures on their mind, McKibben plans to mobilize these “experienced” Americans to defend the planet and economic and social justice through a “Third Act” initiative.
If successful, this activity will be a worthwhile addition to our political discourse. A major reason why monied interests so frequently prevail is that they target their public relations strategies directly at the working and lower-income classes whose insecurities they’ve done so much to bring about through downsizing and offshoring of manufacturing facilities and supply chains. One reason the fossil fuel industry-sponsored Global Climate Coalition was so successful in its prime decade of the 1990s was because its skepticism about climate science and certainly about job losses was targeted directly at these economically insecure groups.
Neither the environmental community nor successive Democratic presidential candidates or presidents made a serious effort to reach out, much less understand, this important segment of the population. Candidate Joe Biden was wise to package his climate change proposals as part of a jobs program for middle-class renewal. The fate of his legislative proposal largely hangs on their support.
A second initiative to resolve the expanding climate crisis lies in the realm of geopolitics. Traditionally, geopolitical discussions revolve around big power competition to determine geographic spheres of influence and achieve economic, military and political advantages around the world. A characteristic of worsening climate change is that it’s making a loser of every nation aspiring to greater influence.
What is required is a grand bargain among the major economic and political blocs — China, the European Union and the United States — in which their most senior leaders — Xi Jinping, Ursula von der Leyen and Joe Biden — take personal control and responsibility for steering the world towards a climate agreement that matches the scale and intensity of the advancing problem. This will require an enormous investment of their time and political capital and negotiation of multiple issues that currently interfere with their ability to successfully collaborate, including trade disputes. Working in favor of a geopolitical grand bargain are the unprecedented, large economic investments already announced by China, the EU and U.S. that exist in rough directional alignment.
The grand bargain participants need to share and closely coordinate their agenda with the G20, other regional blocs of nations and civil society. Under such a framework, the Conference of the Parties should continue its important work of collecting and verifying national commitments, providing technical assistance and coordinating with other important global bodies, such as the International Monetary Fund, The World Bank and other regional development banks and institutions. However, political momentum and direction need to be driven from the very top decision-makers.
Slowing and then reversing the advance of global climate change will require the dedicated work of multiple generations involving all age groups. It will necessitate continuing large investments in infrastructure and innovations in carbon capture, energy technologies and mobility, and provide for effective regulatory policy. Most important will be the investments in hope and opportunity for those being asked to row the bigger boat we need to build. | <urn:uuid:bcc758db-9344-4abc-87a8-9d9ead971fbd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sciencestreets.com/energy/were-going-to-need-a-bigger-boat-climate-strategy-beyond-cop/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.941488 | 1,726 | 2.890625 | 3 |
When it comes to the management of energy systems, optimal design plays a key role. The project that’s going to be described in this post relies on the usage of Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems along with remote terminal unit.
The design has a large scale development of remote terminal unity which is an important part of the SCADA system. The focus of the design can be varied using Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) or the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).
The benefit of using FPGA based remote terminal units is that the designer gets better encryption, radio and memory support. The innovation achieved in this model is similar to the that of the Rogowski coil and other similar models.
The SCADA system requires field data interface devices which are referred to as the remote terminal unit or RTU. The RTU is able to transfer the data from the interface devices to control units. The interface is known as Tele control interface (TCI). The master terminal unit or MTU is a server collection that allows simulations to run.
The development of low cost RTU design would allow better management of electricity in energy deficit areas.
For optimizing the design, a FPGA development kit can be used. This design can be then be employed in wireless SCADA. The kit is derived from XILINX Spartan 3 Series FPGA which has 500000 logic gates. The imagery provided below would give the data about:
- – 16 channels Digital Input
- – 8 channels analog input
- – 8 channels relay output RTU board
The 32 I/Os based configuration is used to make the optimized design. With regards to the performance, FPGA based RTUs are more power friendly. The mainstream features of this design are:
- – The FPGA design is more flexible in the case of I/Os and CPU related configurations. The expansion can be also accommodated if required.
- – This design is more intelligent and is highly relevant to applications in power management. So optimized alarms can allow the efficiency of the system to improve.
- – Another major benefit is that the industrial temperature range of this circuit is from -40 to 100 oC. This shows the ability to sustain harsh environment conditions.
- – With respect to the network, the optimized design can work with third generation SCADA which mostly relies on a network approach.
- – With reference to the RAM, it is 72 KB/648 KB better than the 32KB/256KB of PLC based RTU.
- – Remote system diagnostics can also be run which was not available before. In the same way, digital clock managers can also be employed.
As far as the data communication is concerned, it would be achieved through the TDMA method. The principle is quite straightforward. The sensors would carry the data to FPGA (to its processing section) along with the RTU concept implementation. The second part of the management information system would be achieved through the TCI module. In this way, two types of communication modules can be generated:
- – Indoor communication system (among RTUs)
- – Outdoor communication system (among remote sites)
The proposed design in this project is an optimized solution for energy management. It also targets the shortcomings of the traditional PLC-RTUs. The design is reconfigurable, making it an easily adopted model.
We recommend EasyEDA for circuit design and PCB prototype | <urn:uuid:2ae40ee2-7c4d-4f5a-b29f-154a58f68ba7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.embedds.com/remote-terminal-unit-for-wireless-scada-systems/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00300-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931479 | 707 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Supply Chain Management System
Supply Chain Management System (SCMS), established in 2005, supplies lifesaving medicines to HIV & AIDS programs around the world and is led by the Partnership for Supply Chain Management (a nonprofit organization established by MSH and John Snow, Inc). The 13 SCMS private sector, nongovernmental and faith-based partners are hands-on and actively work to strengthen supply chains, enabling the scale-up of HIV & AIDS treatment in developing countries.
SCMS is funded by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief to help deliver an uninterrupted supply of high-quality, affordable products including: antiretroviral drugs; drugs to treat opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis; and drugs and supplies for palliative and home-based care, HIV rapid test kits, and laboratory equipment.
The project focuses on improving forecasting (to determine what drugs are really needed), aggregating demand and negotiating lower prices, and bringing the delivery mechanism closer to the point of use through regional warehouses. SCMS can work anywhere in the world, but is currently working in 17 PEPFAR countries. | <urn:uuid:02479a9e-4108-4ee3-a556-a16efad40ba9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.msh.org/our-work/projects/supply-chain-management-system | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00436-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937841 | 226 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Knowing the examples in customer marketing would not simply make an association look cool. Knowing and applying the examples in like manner mean progressing past the resistance. Though some might see customer marketing as shaky and unsound, learning the examples will make a significant difference. Reliably, certain examples become obvious and progressively significant to the extent that making productive systems for associations. These examples impact the decision in strategies, methods and instruments in customer marketing that an association uses to remain mindful of others.
Viable Substance Marketing
Content marketing is finally making its ways on transforming into a mind boggling piece of a fruitful customer marketing. Imaginative and amazing substance makes more traffic and makes improved leads as it picks clients’ tendencies. Unimaginable substance can ask logically expected customers to put down your business among other marketing philosophies. Substance that teaches your clients about the great conditions your thing or organization offers them the sensation of importance and security.
People are as of now looking for associations that can offer customer organizations through flexible applications. Flexible applications and alerts are used by associations in order to show up at clients. The traffic and response from flexible clients were moreover exhibited to be higher than messages. As per an assessment made in February 2015 as collected by The CMO Gathering Diary, 64% of pioneers use cells in examining their messages.
More Worth on Video Marketing
Associations reach and pass more information on to clients through accounts with subjects that touch human sentiments and experiences. Dead words might a portion of the time at any point be debilitating and level for clients. Accounts have been fruitful in exhibiting customers and potential customers the benefits presented by an association by using more than words and read more here https://www.villaananda.com/rasayana-indian-alchemy/. The information being given to clients become all the really fascinating and viable.
Knowing how your market continues and answers on your things or organizations is an irrefutable necessity in a business. The marketing interchanges review assessment will grow and develop more as the necessities for effective customer marketing frameworks rise. Marketing examination will require instruments that will sufficiently change over data and information that associations can use to make decisions and methodology.
New Installment Techniques
Portion methodologies in numerous objections require charge cards. This is not accurate any longer for associations that push ahead. Customer marketing right now allows something past portion through Visa; it furthermore gives choices for charge records or really looks at cards, PayPal, repayments and Money down. These methods grant clients to pick which portion they have a specific outlook on. Trust is a central point concerning portion methodologies. Having options in paying similarly allows them to feel in control and dependable that they will get the things or organizations they purchased in extraordinary state. | <urn:uuid:240d36c1-fb32-44b0-b268-83fb6ceac031> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://androdvp.com/business/the-most-sweltering-forthcoming-customer-marketing-patterns.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.942608 | 559 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Brief about abortion?
An abortion is completely known about the facts to end an unwished pregnancy so that it could not ensure in a childbirth. Intermittently, it termed as pregnancy extinction, which occur to take place either by therapeutic abortion or by surgical practice. Nevertheless, in this fast responding world people seem for the therapy which complete in less sort of time. Thus, female found using abortion tablet extensively in today’s generation to abandon the fetus completely. It is one of the easiest & less time taking processes, which is not required any another person to include. An abortion is the procedure in which the pregnancy gets eradicate from the uterus of the mother, either by taking abortion tablet or by undergoing the surgical procedure.
Why to choose abortion pill pack
- It can be done privately & secretly
- The process of aborting a baby can be completed at home.
- One can get it performed alone without counting any second person in the process.
- There is no risk of surgical participation
- Very less time taking & short course of action
- Less & minor difficulty
- No risk of enlightening pregnancy.
- It is very Cheap & affordable in price
- 98% effective in outcome
- A best therapy to abandon an early pregnancy
About abortion pill pack
Abortion pill pack introduced to end an unwished pregnancy mainly an early pregnancy. An early pregnancy not moving above than 7 to 9 weeks of period. By measuring it as an easy mode of pregnancy extinction, female extensively chooses following it. However, abortion pill pack measured a complete & premium solution to eliminate an unwanted pregnancy. This kit includes 2 active ingredients to end the baby known as mifepristone & misoprostol and other serving tablet to relieve the difficulty that takes place before, during & after pregnancy. Generally, abortion pill pack deals to finish the pregnancy without undergoing any surgical participation. It has been calculated a class of medication termed as antiprogestational steroids.
Details of pill pack
An abortion pill pack accounted extremely working & safe remedy to conclude 49 days pregnancy. The kit includes overall 5 pills. Mifepristone, Misoprostol, Antiemetic, Anti-Inflammatory, Blood Coagulant medicines. However, Mifepristone & Misoprostol, accounted an essential medicines in the abortion procedure & outstanding pills accounted to deal and alleviate the impediment that take place during & after abortion. The medicine known as Mifepristone & Misoprostol works obstruct the natural hormones that lead to cause pregnancy.
Additionally we have:-
Ondansetron or Zofran:-This helps pact with sickness & vomiting.
Flexon – MR: - you can placate your stomach ache, muscles ache, etc.
Ethamsylate: - an Ethamyslate is a medicine works like a haemostatic mediator, which calms the loss of blood during or post finish of pregnancy process. It aids by mitigating the intense bleeding level of the capillaries.
Paracetamol to battle & allay fever,
Anti-imetic to reduce vomiting,
Ibuprofen to alleviate & dispel the abdomen ache
How to practice the abortion pills
Prior taking this therapeutic course of abortion you have to authenticate your pregnancy. One has to practice it, before conclusion of 7 weeks of pregnancy. The 2 active medicines termed as Mifepristone & Misoprostol has to be taken during the abortion course of pregnancy & outstanding to dismiss the snag take place during abortion process.
Mifepristone: - take 1tablet of 200 mg orally with meal & enough amount of water. The pills works like an illumination, acts like a forged steroid & consequences an early cease of the pregnancy. It averts the progesterone hormone, which afterward on origins breach of the womb or stratum results trail off the pregnancy. Mifepristone is the primary pill needs to be taken priory.
Misoprostol: - This kit totally embraces 4 tablets. Misoprostol is considered a secondary tablet, which has to be taken after Mifepristone. The power of the medicine is 200 mcg (4 pills*200=800 mcg) ought to be practiced later stage of 1 to 3 days of Mifepristone intake.
Anticipation & safety process to be accepted
- Say no to any grapes contained stuff like alcohol; as, it leads to moderate the impact of the medicine.
- Do not operate any machines
- Limit taking spicy & oily food stuff.
- In the situation of medical abortion you have to take enough amount of sleep.
- Uphold healthy diet, eat healthy foodstuffs.
- Keep yourself relax for maximum time
- You have to disclose the facts in case if you are like pregnant or nursing phase or allergic to the mifepristone & misoprostol.
- Going under any other prescription course or tolerating from certain sort of complex health disarray.
- If, in case you are facing the complexity like breathing, diabetes, a hypertension, heart, liver, lung, or kidney issue is also measured.
Nausea, Wooziness, Vomiting, Weakness, Appetite loss, tiredness or fatigue, stomach ache, harsh heartbeats, abdomen cramps allied with fever.
Storage of the pills
Keep the drug in room temperature. Prevent it from getting straightly bare to the sun-rays, heat, moisture & kids.
Note: - we also deal with birth control pills or pregnancy deterrence pills like Cytotec, Ovral-G, Ovral-L, Plan B one step, etc. You can take Mifeprex, Mifegest, Abortion kit to end an unwished pregnancy. | <urn:uuid:28f625b3-d62c-4b56-b736-3de2e22c875b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://daynighthealthcare.com/blog/2015/10/buy-a-complete-abortion-pill-pack-online | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.916533 | 1,204 | 1.75 | 2 |
When Pencil Met the Markers
Click on the image to start playing this video! ▶️
Meet the Markers! They love to color. But Purple Marker colors everywhere—even outside the lines. When the other markers call his creativity a mistake, it’s up to Pencil and Eraser to help Purple discover how making mistakes and making art go hand-in-hand.
This hilarious and clever picture book allows Pencil and Eraser to show Purple Marker—and the rest of us—how to turn our messes into successes and do what makes us happy.
When Pencil Met the Markers brings engaging art, adorable characters, and a clever story to the everyday. The result? A funny, effective message about how the best art can come from trying something new.
WHEN PENCIL MET THE MARKERS
By Karen Kilpatrick and Luis O. Ramos, Jr.; illustrated by German Blanco
Published by Imprint | <urn:uuid:66436270-66d9-44cf-9403-ce1795f61e3c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kidlithq.com/videos/when-pencil-met-the-markers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.872794 | 198 | 2.390625 | 2 |
As of 2019, there are over 1.2 million small businesses in Illinois. These businesses provide over 2.5 million jobs and comprise about 45% of the workforce in the state (or 20% of the state population). These are impressive numbers that show the importance of businesses to the economy of the state.
For anyone looking to start a business in Illinois, it is important to look at the data to determine if the business environment is sustainable enough to provide opportunities for growth. However, it is not as promising as it appears. There are a few challenges along the way that potential business investors need to know about.
In particular, the Illinois government has a low credit rating and up to $3 billion worth of debt deficit. This can make starting a business extra challenging. On the plus side, the state is made up of several metropolitan areas that provide you access to skilled labor, capital, and massive reach for your business.
It is worth noting that the economy in Illinois has a growth rate of 2.1% (versus the national growth rate of 3.4%). Despite these challenges, business owners are optimistic about the future and the state's ability to recover. This is just a part of the reality that comes with running a business in Illinois. For business insurance related info please refer to our more in depth article.
At the request of our visitors we've included the below local insurance contacts for most cities in Illinois. Many variables will affect your auto insurance premiums in the Land of Lincoln. For example, those living in the Chicagoland area may have a higher premium than those living in southern Illinois, solely based on location. No matter where you live in the state, you can use the local insurance companies we've provided to compare affordable rates and get quick low cost quotes for car insurance. You can easily find a cheap policy and still meet the mandatory insurance requirements that the state of Illinois mandates. For additional information on traffic laws or driving schools please navigate to your respective state using the map. And for manufactured home insurance, please refer to the respective article.
Illinois is the 21st state to be incorporated in 1818. Known as the Prairie State, it is where Abraham Lincoln started out his political career along with another US President, Ulysses Grant.
While the city of Chicago earned its reputation for the gangs and violence, it has more to offer those who are willing to move here or start a business. The state, particularly the city of Chicago, is home to many notable companies like Walgreens, Boeing, and Allstate.
The business environment in Chicago is notable as one of the most stable in the US. It is also steadily growing in terms of economic development and businesses has provided adequate amount of employment for residents. It also ranks high in terms of education with more than 43% of its residents with college education.
Among the top industries for the state of Illinois are education, energy, biotechnology, manufacturing, and agriculture. It has paved the way for clean energy technology and is home to many wind farms. | <urn:uuid:2fdaebdb-4d69-46ca-964f-b4a868e2eac7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.statelocalgov.net/state-il.cfm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.963741 | 616 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Gift from memorial fund will buy bone drills for Marshfield Fire Department
In its latest show of generosity, the Molly Fitzgerald Memorial Fund is giving $5,700 to the town’s fire department to buy bone drills.
The battery-powered devices are used to bore through bone so that paramedics can quickly inject medications into the marrow, Fire Chief Kevin Robinson said.
“It can mean the difference between life or death,” Robinson said.
The drilling leaves no permanent scars, he said.
Molly, 14, died in June 2006 after suffering a seizure while swimming in her family’s pool.
Since then, the fund has given scholarships to Marshfield High seniors, bought new uniforms for the high school field hockey team and brought homeless families to the Marshfield Fair.
“We’ve been looking for ways to spread Molly’s spirit and her sense of community,” said her father, James Fitzgerald.
Fitzgerald, a former Marshfield selectman, found out about the drills after a Bridgewater toddler was saved by one after being pulled from a pool in September.
“When I heard about that, I said, ‘This would be great for Marshfield,’” he said.
After learning the town did not have bone drills because of budget constraints, the fund proposed donating enough money to buy drills for all three ambulances and to pay for staff training.
“If we can assist someone to not have to go through this in the future, that would be a great tribute to Molly,” Fitzgerald said. “ If it can save one life, then it gives some purpose to Molly’s life.”
Selectmen accepted the donation at their meeting Monday.
“We are so grateful, especially for the way you have changed this tragedy into a positive movement for this town,” Selectmen Chairwoman Patricia M. Epstein said.
Robinson expects to have the devices in use by Jan. 1. Without the fund’s support, it would have taken three years to buy them with budget money,he said.
“I think this is a fantastic thing for the town,” Selectman Katharine N. O’Donnell said. “It’s just amazing what a fund can do.”
Brian Benson may be reached at email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:fe665ec5-65d3-4f4a-ba50-3ae2004440d5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.patriotledger.com/story/news/2007/11/28/gift-from-memorial-fund-will/40150911007/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.964919 | 498 | 1.671875 | 2 |
When could payments for environmental services benefit the poor?
Since modification of agricultural production choices in developing countries often provides positive environmental externalities to people in developed countries, payment for environmental services (PES) has become an important topic in the context of economic development and poverty reduction. We consider two broad categories of PES programs, land-diversion programs, where lands are diverted from agriculture to other uses, and working-land programs, where agricultural production activities are modified to achieve environmental objectives. PES programs are generally good for landowners. The distribution of land and land quality is critical in determining poverty impacts. Where ES and agricultural productivity are negatively correlated and the poor own lands of low agricultural quality, they stand to gain from PES programs. Consumers and wage laborers may lose where food supply is inelastic and programs reduce labor demand. Working-land programs may have better distributional effects than diversion programs.
Volume (Year): 13 (2008)
Issue (Month): 03 (June)
|Contact details of provider:|| Postal: Cambridge University Press, UPH, Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge CB2 8BS UK|
Web page: http://journals.cambridge.org/jid_EDE
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Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services. | <urn:uuid:c0e782ba-e2a3-4c8a-9e38-7101189986dd> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://ideas.repec.org/a/cup/endeec/v13y2008i03p255-278_00.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721141.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00417-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.89677 | 527 | 2.640625 | 3 |
(JNS.org) The persecution of Christians and other religious minorities in the Middle East is “a cause of great worry and pain,” Israeli President Reuven Rivlin said Tuesday upon his hosting of Israeli Christian leaders for a reception to mark the New Year.
During 2014, arguably one of the worst years in recent memory for the Middle East’s beleaguered Christian minority, hundreds of thousands of Christians were forced to flee their homes by the Islamic State terror group.
“Over the past months, we have been greatly concerned by the ongoing religious persecution and restrictions on freedom of worship for minorities in the Middle East,” Rivlin told the attendees, including nine heads of various churches in Israel. “Because of their faith, hundreds of thousands are being exiled, forcibly converted, attacked, and brutally murdered. … This is a cause of great worry and pain for all us.”
At the same event, Greek Patriarch of Jerusalem Theophilos III said that amid “persecution and war,” the world looks to “the communities of the Holy Land for renewed hope and inspiration.”
“In this region, we recognize the diversity of the peoples and understand that the harmonious coexistence of the Abrahamic faiths is essential to the integrity of the Holy Land,” he said.
Chaldean Catholic Archbishop Bashar Warda of Erbil, the largest city in Iraqi Kurdistan, recently told JNS.org that the widespread displacement of Mideast Christians constitutes a “genocide.”
“It is genocide when you take over an area and strip people of their homes [and] their lives, and send them to an ambiguous future,” Warda said. | <urn:uuid:753198b7-23be-4237-a1e0-bc8623748727> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.jns.org/news-briefs/2014/12/30/hosting-christian-leaders-israeli-president-laments-persecution-of-mideast-minorities | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00299-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951503 | 358 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Why toil with the pressing of buttons or tilting of joysticks when controlling something can be as simple as thinking about it? This kind of technology may sound like the stuff of science fiction, but in reality, it’s actually been around for decades. The development of electroencephalography (EEG) technology can be traced back to the 1920’s, but it wasn’t until recently that we figured out a way to use neurofeedback to control electronic devices. Nowadays, we can use brain-computer interfaces (BCI’s) to control everything from prosthetic limbs, to robotic arms, cars, and even things as simple as your computer’s cursor.
In the past couple years, BCI technology has expanded in leaps and bounds. Not only are sensor technologies becoming more advanced, but companies like Emotiv and NeuroSky are working to make BCI headsets more affordable and available to consumers. Software development kits are available for most major EEG headsets, which means developers everywhere can tinker with the technology and help to expand its uses. Here’s a look at some of the latest developments in the world of mind control, including many you can buy today.
To give you a sense of chronology, we’ll take a step back and start with some of the earliest consumer applications of BCI. About five years ago, NeuroSky created the MindSet, the first affordable EEG headset. Up until this point, dry sensor technology wasn’t easily accessible or easy to use. It shipped with an early version of NeuroBoy, a game where you use thoughts to trigger telekinetic powers to manipulate objects and accomplish tasks. NeuroSky has since released a newer EEG headset called the MindWave, which despite looking newer, is essentially the same technology without headphones.
Back in 2009, NeuroSky partnered with Mattel to make MindFlex — a game where players are taksed with moving a ball through an obstacle course using nothing more than their thoughts. The game was a huge commercial success, and surely helped to put NeuroSky on the map. Today the company’s chips are used in a number of different EEG headsets, and they have rapidly growing app store filled with games from developers who have taken advantage of the company’s free SDK.
Emotiv EPOC (2011)
About a year ago, Emotiv released its own take on the EEG headset. Using an array of 14 different sensors and two gyroscopes, it can pick up four different mental states, 13 conscious thoughts, a range of different facial expressions, and head movement in any direction. Like NeuroSky, it also has a software development kit — the only difference is that this one isn’t free. Although we haven’t used it first hand, its list of features suggests that it’s the most advanced EEG headset available to consumers.
Necomimi headset (2011)
This one is a bit on the strange side. Made by the Japanese company Neurowear, this headset uses a dry electrode to sense your attentiveness, which is then expressed by the headset’s ears. If you’re feeling scatterbrained and out of it, the ears will droop. When you’re on point, they’ll perk up, and when you’re happy or excited, they’ll wiggle to show your mood. Although we don’t expect these to become the next fashion craze, but Necomimi’s idea to express emotion through accessories is one that could definitely become more common in the future.
Back in 2011, Toyota embarked on a project with Parlee Cycles (dubbed the Prius X Parlee) that aimed to blend classic design principles with modern technology in a bicycle. The end result was a beautiful bike with some seriously cool features. It has a dock on the handlebars that you can plug an iPhone into, allowing you to track your speed and get navigational information. But even better than that, the bike allows you to shift gears with nothing more than a thought. Just pop on the helmet that’s retrofitted with an Emotiv EPOC headset, and you’re ready to roll.
Sure, Google has proven that cars can drive with minds of their own, but that’s a whole different ball game than controlling a car with your own mind. German company BrainDriver has created a program using Emotiv’s SDK that allows a driver to pilot a car without actually touching the steering wheel or pedals. Instead, the EEG sensor is programmed to pick up on conscious thoughts like “left” or “forward” and wirelessly beam them to a custom-built automated control system that pushes pedals and turns the steering wheel. Although it’s not legally roadworthy just yet, its a good proof of concept that has helped establish BCI as a legitimate interface worthy of further exploration.
Before they got the idea to control a skateboard with their minds, the tinkerers over at Chaotic Moon Labs created what they called ‘The Board of Awesomeness” — a motorized skateboard that was retrofitted with an Xbox Kinect and controlled with gestures. But apparently waving their hands around in order to make it go was too 2011 for them, so they swapped motion control for BCI to create the “Board of Imagination.” Check out the video where the pilot — who goes by the name Whurley — explains how easy the board is to use. All you have to do is imagine a point somewhere ahead of you, imagine yourself being there, and the board moves forward.
With bikes, cars, and skateboards all covered, it seems that it was only a matter of time before someone took brainwave control to the skies. A couple students at Northeastern University College of Computer and Information Science have done just that, and built a program that allows them to fly the popular AR.Drone Parrot via BCI. With nothing more than their brainwaves, these guys can remotely control the flight path of one or multiple quadcopter drones. If this catches on, perhaps that the days of the boxy two-joystick controller with a long antenna will soon be behind us.
In addition to the various hardware that can be controlled by thought, more and more mind-controlled software and games keep popping up every day. The two big players in the BCI game are definitely Emotiv and NeuroSky, and both have digital storefronts where you can purchase games and software applications made by various developers and studios. There are a bunch of them out there, but here are a few of the more interesting ones.
You’ve gotta love game developers who follow through on silly ideas. The goal of UpCake is to maneuver a flying cupcake upward as high as you can. Concentration is key as you’ll have to overcome various hindering forces as the levels get harder. It’s designed to work with Android, so you can literally filter your brainwaves through Ice Cream Sandwich to levitate a cupcake. What a world we live in.
Whoever thought this one up is a genius. The premise is that a zombie is trying to eat your brain, but he’s a civilized zombie, so he can only do so with a spoon. To avoid having your brains eaten, you’ll need to use your Matrix-like brain powers to bend the spoon and render it useless to Mr. Zombie. I’m guessing the key to success is taking that little bald-headed kid’s advice: “do not try to bend the spoon; that’s impossible. Only try to realize the truth — there is no spoon. Then you will see that it is not the spoon that bends, it is only yourself.” What an awesome blend of pop culture references and next-gen technology.
SubConch is a mind-controlled synthesizer. How awesome is that? The software allows you to control various musical properties (volume, pitch, LFO speed, LFO depth, modulation frequency, wave shape, and reverb) by linking them to certain cognitive thoughts, emotions, or even facial expressions. For example, you could set the pitch to change when you feel frustration, or increase the reverb by simply thinking “reverb up.” Imagine in the future when this kind of tech becomes more polished, and allows you to directly translate the music in your head into a live performance that others can hear.
These may be some impressive devices, but they really represent just the tip of the iceberg. If you’re looking for more cool things you can control with your brain, we suggest checking out what Emotiv and NeuroSky have available in their stores, or checking out Neruogadget, a site dedicated to covering the latest products and developments in BCI. | <urn:uuid:a5c694b6-ad55-4c29-bdab-5b6495e8473e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/brain-control-the-user-interface-of-the-future/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00518-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947372 | 1,840 | 2.8125 | 3 |
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which has produced technical information security guidance...
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since 1990, has been working to develop the technology and security standards necessary to deploy government services in the cloud. Last month, NIST released its three-volume draft document, SP500-253 U.S. Government Cloud Computing Technology Roadmap. This ambitious effort is intended to foster adoption of cloud services by government agencies. However, private businesses may also benefit from the NIST guidance as government concerns about cloud technology and security are not unique.
The NIST roadmap is divided into three volumes to tackle all of the issues inherent with cloud services deployment. Volume I, developed with input from the Federal CIO Council-sponsored Cloud Computing Standards and Technology Working Group, serves as a general overview and identifies 10 requirements necessary to move government cloud adoption forward. The requirements make it clear that without new standards and technology, cloud computing services may not be viable for government use.
These requirements are intentionally explored at a high level as they are explored in more detail in volumes II and III. Volume II, Useful Information for Cloud Adopters, is written as a technical reference that supports the requirements identified in Volume I. Volume III, Technical Considerations for USG Cloud Computing Deployment Decisions, provides practical guidance for decision makers planning cloud deployments by combining the requirements in Volume I with the technical information in Volume II.
The 10 requirements identified in Volume I are not specific to only government uses of cloud technologies. They apply to any implementation of cloud services, making SP500-253 valuable to private businesses when performing their own custom risk assessments. Here is a summary of the 10 requirements:
International voluntary consensus-based interoperability, portability and security standards
This requirement deals with one of the core issues of using cloud services: How easy is it to move your company’s data from one cloud provider to another? According to NIST, the industry should develop standards that enable an application to be moved between different cloud providers. These new standards would not just include the data itself, but virtual machine, firewall, and virtual network configurations as well.
Solutions for high-priority security requirements
Information security in the cloud still possesses many of the same traits as traditional, hosted information security. However, there are differences such as multi-tenancy that must be addressed for cloud-based systems and require higher levels of security. How do you verify your data is kept separate when running on a shared system?
Technical specifications for high-quality service-level agreements
Another important aspect of cloud computing is defining service-level agreements. A standardized SLA for cloud service providers does not yet exist. There is a great degree of variability between the reliability measures in place at each cloud provider as well. Some providers will focus on higher levels of redundancy while others focus only on price. This requirement defines the need for a standard list of key elements that needs to be addressed by a cloud services SLA.
Clear and consistently categorized cloud services
The alphabet soup of cloud services can be confusing to decipher, and IaaS, SaaS, PaaS may not actually reference the same types of capabilities that are offered by a cloud service provider. NIST performed a survey in late 2010 and found there were disparities among 11 different cloud computing models across multiple vendors. The requirement states there should be comparable classifications of cloud services across providers to ease the selection process and provide for clear comparisons.
Frameworks to support federated community clouds
There are different tools to develop applications for each community cloud application platform, making it very difficult to build applications that span across multiple cloud providers.. Common authentication across cloud providers is just as difficult with a myriad of different protocols and standards, including SAML and OAuth. This requirement defines the need for a common standard that would allow development tools and federated security models to cross these boundaries.
Technical security solutions de-coupled from organizational policy
Legal and business requirements for the security and privacy of data are different around the country and around the world. California has requirements around the protection of driver’s license numbers where other states may not. Some nations consider birth records to be public while others have strict privacy rules protecting birth records. The requirement states that industry standards need to be defined that allow cloud technology to adapt to different legal and business requirements. The cloud services consumer should only have to select an abstract layer of security without deciding when it should be applied, according to NIST.
Defined unique government requirements and solutions
Government agencies have additional regulatory requirements that go beyond what is required of private businesses. Commercial cloud providers may not have sufficient means of addressing these additional requirements. The government cannot use the same mitigation strategies as private businesses such as financial penalties, insurance or litigation. According to NIST, these compliance gaps must be identified and technological solutions developed or government cloud adoption may not accelerate.
Collaborative parallel “future cloud” development initiatives
Current cloud solutions were all developed by private companies. The functioning of these highly complex networks is considered to be a trade secret by their respective owners. This requirement defines the need for private industries to work with academic institutions to build even larger but more open clouds. Past network technologies like Layer 2 switching may need to be redesigned to sustain future massive cloud operations across vast geographic distances, according to NIST.
Defined and implemented reliability design goals
Cloud providers have designed their systems to be highly available. However, there have been major cloud outages at some of the top-tier cloud providers such as Amazon that raise the concern of design reliability. This requirement describes the need for the industry to develop a set of best practices for reliable cloud network designs as well as a standard to report cloud network reliability information.
Defined and implemented cloud service metrics
Cloud providers have all developed their own methodology for allocating resources to their customers. Their marketing often leads with their lowest cost offerings that are not useful for anything but the smallest workloads. How does the cloud consumer select the appropriate plan for their intended workload? This can lead to greater expense or lower performance than originally anticipated. This requirement defines the need for a common set of performance metrics that would allow consumers to compare and select the appropriate size for their intended workload.
The NIST roadmap contains a lot of invaluable information about cloud computing risks that is useful to anyone considering using cloud services. The 10 requirements identified in the first volume can be converted into a custom due diligence process tailored to your business needs. While the NIST guidance identifies gaps that may prevent the U.S. government from adopting cloud services as they exist today, we can be assured these gaps likely will be addressed quickly by cloud providers, given the potential size of this market. This is good news for the private industry as everyone stands to benefit from more open, reliable and secure cloud service offerings.
About the author:
Joseph Granneman, CISSP, has over 20 years in information technology and security with experience in both healthcare and financial services. He has been involved in the Health Information Security and Privacy Working Group for Illinois, the Certification Commission for Health Information Technology (CCHIT) Security Working Group, and is an active InfraGard member. | <urn:uuid:e72f1324-5dfb-42bc-ad05-76d261279219> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://searchcloudsecurity.techtarget.com/tip/NIST-guidance-cites-cloud-security-gaps-need-for-standards | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00062-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946295 | 1,483 | 1.898438 | 2 |
By Jerry Cornfield Herald Writer
Q: Lawmakers passed the bill, so what’s next?
A: The Speaker of the House and the President of the Senate must sign it and deliver it to Gov. Chris Gregoire. Once it arrives, she has five working days to act on it. She says she’ll sign it as is.
Q: When does it become law?
A: Ordinarily, 90 days after the end of the regular session, which would put the date this year at June 7.
A: Well, you’ve heard there may be an attempt to repeal it with a referendum.
Q: How does that work? When can a referendum be filed?
A: After Gregoire takes action, opponents can file the paperwork. It must include the text of the bill as passed by the Legislature and acted upon by the governor.
Q: When can I sign a petition to put it on the ballot?
A: In roughly three weeks. First, lawyers in the Attorney General’s Office write up a ballot title, a concise description of the measure and a summary to appear on the ballot. They have five working days to complete this task. In the ensuing five working days, anyone dissatisfied with the ballot title or summary may petition the Thurston County Superior Court for changes. The court is required to “expeditiously review” any requests and any decision is final. After that, sponsors can print petitions and begin collecting signatures.
Q: How many signatures of registered voters are required?
A: The bare minimum is 120,577, though the state Elections Division suggests turning in 150,000 or more to cover invalid and duplicate signatures.
Q: What is the deadline for turning in signatures?
A: June 6.
Q: What happens to the gay-marriage law in the meantime?
A: If petitions are filed, the law is put on hold while election officials check to see if enough valid signatures are turned in. If the referendum qualifies for the ballot, the law remains on hold until the results of the election are known and certified Dec. 6.
Q: What if there are not enough valid signatures?
A: Then the law goes into effect right away.
Q: How long does the signature check take?
A: If sponsors submit a large enough pad, a random sample can be checked in about two weeks; a full every-signature check can take a month.
Q: Is there a “window” in which same-sex couples can marry, between the bill being approved by the Legislature and Governor and a vote in November?
Q: What is required for passage?
A: A simple majority of registered voters. | <urn:uuid:8664de62-ae3f-4abb-a025-3f9e9218ab59> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.heraldnet.com/news/the-road-ahead-for-the-gay-marriage-battle/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00466-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947138 | 565 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Scalable Vector Graphics is some piece of the vector-based group of graphics. They are not the same as raster-based graphics, which store the shade definition for every pixel in an exhibit of information. The most widely recognized raster-built arrangements utilized with respect to the web today are JPEG, PNG, GIF and each of these organizations has qualities and shortcomings.
SVG remains for Scalable Vector Graphics and it is a language for depicting 2d-design and graphical applications in XML and XML is then rendered by a SVG viewer. SVG is basically valuable for vector sort outlines like Pie diagrams, Two-dimensional charts in a X,y coordinate framework and so forth. SVG turned into a W3c Recommendation 14. January 2003 and you can check most recent adaptation of SVG detail at SVG Specification.
SVG has a few favorable circumstances over any raster-based configuration:
Seeing SVG Files
The majority of the web programs can show SVG much the same as they can show PNG, GIF, and JPG. Internet Explorer clients may need to introduce the Adobe SVG Viewer to have the capacity to view SVG in the program.
Embedding SVG in Html5
Html5 permits embedding SVG specifically utilizing <svg>…</svg> tag which has after straightforward punctuation:
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> ... </svg>
Firefox 3.7 has additionally presented a setup alternative (“about:config”) where you can empower Html5 utilizing the accompanying steps:
Here you will get some fruitful example which makes your learning more interesting and speedy.
< head > < title > SVG < / title > < meta charset="utf-8"/> < body> < h2 > Circle < /h2 > < svg id=" svglem" > < circle id=" theredcircle" cx="60" cy="60" r="60" fill="red" /> < /svg> < /body> < /html>
SVG Line :
<!Doctype html><head> <title>svg</title> <meta charset="utf-8"/> </head> <body> <h2> Line</h2> <svg id="svgelem" height="400" > <line x1="0" y1="0" x2="200" y2="100" style="stroke:red;stroke-width:2"/> </svg> </body> </html>
You can utilize style attribute which permits you to set extra style data like stroke and fill shades, width of the stroke and so forth.
Emulating is the Html5 form of a SVG case which would draw a polyline utilizing <polyline> tag:
<!doctype html> <head> <title>svg</title> <meta charset="utf-8"/> </head> <body> <h2> Polyline</h2> <svg id="svgelem" height="200" > <polyline points="0,0 0,10 20,20 20,40 40,30 40,60" fill=" red " / > </svg> </body> </html>
Emulating is the Html5 form of a SVG illustration which would draw an oval utilizing <ellipse> label and would utilize <radialgradient> tag to characterize a SVG spiral slope. Comparative way you can utilize <lineargradient> tag to make SVG direct inclination.
<!Doctype html><head> <title>svg</title> <meta charset="utf-8"/> </head> <body> <h2> Gradient Ellipse</h2> <svg id="svgelem" height="400" > <defs> <radialgradient id="gradient" cx="80%" cy="90%" r="60%" fx="60%" fy="60%"> <stop offset="0%" style="stop color : rgb (400,400,400) stop opacity : 0"/> <stop offset="400%" style="stop color : rgb(1,1,354); stop-opacity:1"/> </radialgradient> </defs> <ellipse cx="200" cy="70" rx="200" ry="60" style="fill : url(#gradient)"/> </svg> </body> </html> | <urn:uuid:6cb40a11-baa2-413a-a2a4-aa8d53db3038> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tutorialseye.com/svg-scalable-vector-graphics.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.717929 | 947 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Published on Saturday 14th of January 2012
Creative craft is a very important part of a good Leisure Program in nursing homes and other long-term care facilities.
Research has shown that life satisfaction in long-term care facilities and nursing homes is improved and enhanced through social opportunities.
Creative craft is just one project that fits the bill; it engages the mind and stimulates brain cells. Another benefit of creative craft is the promotion of communication and interaction which naturally develops from it.
Creative craft encompasses an array of choices including moulding clay, decorating tiles, recycling materials into useful things, scrap booking, weaving, beading, knitting and appliqué to mention just a few.
It is the responsibility of Recreation Therapists to make sure that the Leisure Program in their facilities offers a variety of elderly activities which includes arts and crafts opportunities that are not only therapeutic but entertaining and fun.
Creative craft provides elderly people with a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment which promotes concentration and encourage new ideas and thoughts. These are only a few compelling reasons why you should take seriously consideration in making creative craft and essential part of your monthly Leisure and Lifestyle Program.
Golden Carers has hundreds of ideas on art and crafts with step by step instructions and templates. However, you must get your supplies and storage organized so that you don’t waste time and money rummaging around looking for supplies and buying things you already have.
First, a few hints on how to get donated materials.
Now you are ready to get started with craft activities! You will find that you can use your time more efficiently and spend more time with participants once you know where everything is.
Remember that activities must be modified to suit the restrictions and limitations of clients. Appropriate modifications can be implemented without reducing the pleasure and satisfaction associated with the activity.
You must have an account to leave a comment. Create one now » | <urn:uuid:ee420901-2d65-4d4c-a692-c82f3780462d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.goldencarers.com/blog/how-to-get-organised-for-creative-craft-activities/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717954.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00509-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953248 | 390 | 2.046875 | 2 |
The Vision: The Nukumi House concept is of a Family Resource Centre designed for children, youth and families, located within their First Nation Community. Creating a homelike atmosphere is essential so the house would include a large living area designated as the gathering place where elders and members of the community would meet to teach, support and inspire traditional practices and cultural values.
The Services: Nukumi House could offer emergency shelter and respite care when needed; it can also provide counselling services, life skills and educational training, workshops, language teachings and other clinical, therapeutic and cultural services as part of the programming offered. Depending on the needs of the community and the space available, youth coordinators can offer play activities at Nukumi House.
It could be permanently occupied by one or two resource persons who would reside in one area of the home. The house could be divided in 2 or 3 separate pods including one particular area designed to accommodate children and/or other family members needing shelter and assistance for a short-term period while in the process of finding longer-term solutions.
The Environment: Nukumi House can have an outdoor environment designed to incorporate important traditional practices as part of the healing process. These might include having a teepee, a sweat lodge, a small outdoor classroom and natural play spaces for the children to be able to continue to play and learn while they are there. | <urn:uuid:f0e278ee-7729-4ca7-8800-5fafdb860faa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mcfsnb.ca/en/services/nukumi-house | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.969455 | 280 | 2.328125 | 2 |
It is useful to reflect on this Sunday that even the
richest kings in the time of Jesus enjoyed a standard of living, not to say the health
care, which the poorest people in our society would engage in violent revolt if it was
forced upon them. Moreover even our poorest are wealthy compared to some of the really
poor people in the world, such as those who live in the favelas of Latin America or the
shanty towns of
We would be mistaken if we tried to derive economic policy from today’s Gospel. We would also be mistaken to think that Christians can accept acute inequality even within our relatively affluent society.
One of the issues in this election is the enormous gap between the salaries of CEOs and the salaries of ordinary workers, a gap which even European businessmen find appalling
Fr. Greeley's Last Book:
Once upon a
time a married couple went off on a long vacation to
They were shocked that she wasnt as grateful as they thought she should be.
They came home after having a wonderful time on their trip and found the house in perfect order of course. The cleaning person told them that she had found another job while they were gone at which she could work every day.
They were furious at her for her disloyalty and refused to pay her for the days she had worked while they were away. We dont know you were here those days, they said. You could have cleaned the house up the day before we returned.
Thats what we get for being generous to you.
The trouble with you people is that you have no sense of loyalty.
Psalm 90: 11-16
11 Who considers the power of your anger, and your
wrath according to the fear of you?
Father Greeley's blog - Read and comment on
new articles directly?
Catholics and the Struggle with Their Church
The survey of the archdiocese, which Father Greeley describes as "a very complicated place" demographically, asks some difficult questions, and finds some interesting truths.
Father Andrew M. Greeley © 1995-2012
All Rights Reserved - Questions & Comments: Webmaster | <urn:uuid:37348317-46fe-4251-b2f3-ab46ddc3dfe1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.agreeley.com/hom12/oct14.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00470-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979543 | 442 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Several companies in China are now commercializing graphene-based heating elements, embedded in wearable and other devices. Many such devices are now available, shipping globally via retailers such as Amazon and others.
Graphene is an excellent thermal conductor, and using it for heating devices is somewhat surprising. The producers of these devices explain that graphene is strong, thin and flexible, and it provides "pure far infrared radiation" and is also safer and moreenvironmentally friendly compared to other alternatives. Whether this is actually so is an open question.
One example of such a product is the BriGenius graphene electric heating pad, which is a small heating pad to treat neck and shoulder cramps and relief back pane. A 12x15 inch pad costs $54.99 while a larger 12x24 inch costs $64.99.
BriGenius also offers an electric graphene eye mask that can assist with dry eyes, stress, eye fatigue and discomfort, blepharitis or just for relaxation. The eye mask costs $39.99. Moxi offers a similar graphene eye mask for $78.99.
ZJchao offers several graphene heating pads to help treat joint injuries, pains, arthritis and more. ZJchao's Heated Knee Wrap Brace is available for $65.99 while the the company's Heated Neck Wrap Brace costs $39.99.
A quick search in Amazon reveals many more such products. | <urn:uuid:d292e2e8-c86b-4f8b-8d32-4110a0b3af27> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ftp.graphene-info.com/graphene-based-heating-devices-hit-market | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.942647 | 294 | 2.125 | 2 |
Management Fundamentals : Concepts, Applications, and Skill Development
Üye Girişi yapın, temin süresi ve fiyatını size bildirelim.
Üye Girişi yapın, sizi bu ürün stoklarımıza girdiğinde bilgilendirelim.
Temin süremiz 28 - 42 iş günü
Yayıncı Sage ( 02 / 2016 ) ISBN 9781506303277 | 14,86x21,41x1,85 cm. | İngilizce | 624 Sayfa | Türler İş Dünyası
This Seventh Edition of Robert Lussier's bestselling Management Fundamentals presents essential management themes through a three-pronged approach focused on concepts, applications, and skill building. Through a variety of applications, Lussier challenges millennials to think critically and apply concepts to their own experiences. Proven skill-building exercises, behavioral models, self-assessments, and individual and group exercises help students to develop their personal and professional skills. Fully updated throughout with 97% new references and over 1,200 new company examples, the Seventh Edition features 50% new cases, new self-assessments, and new applications and new coverage of current topics mandated by the AACSB. | <urn:uuid:13f5a8d4-3c52-459d-a68e-1767c1a45c07> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.pandora.com.tr/urun/management-fundamentals-concepts-applications-and-skill-development/514026 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00375-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.662458 | 295 | 1.875 | 2 |
BANGKOK, Thailand (CNN) -- Thailand's King Bhumibol Adulyadej, the world's longest-reigning monarch, has been hospitalized with fever and fatigue, the royal palace said Sunday.
King Bhumibol Adulyadej attends a celebration of his 81st birthday in Bangkok on December 2, 2008.
King Bhumibol Adulyadej, 81, was admitted to a Bangkok hospital on Saturday night. Doctors are monitoring his condition while administering antibiotics and intravenous fluid, the statement from the Royal Household Bureau said.
The statement was carried by Thai News Agency and other local media.
The king was formally crowned on May 5, 1950. Watch why king's health is big issue »
Thailand abolished absolute monarchy in the 1930s, so the king wields little power although he last month appealed for unity amid Thailand's four-year-long political crisis. He remains a deeply revered figure and enjoys immense popularity.
Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva told reporters on Sunday that the king visited hospital on doctors' advice.
"There is no problem with His Majesty's conditions. From my chats with doctors, there is nothing to be concerned about," Abhisit said after signing a visitors' log book at the hospital, according to Reuters.com. | <urn:uuid:30aa9c4f-55df-4c72-8572-5b1014ce4a0a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/09/21/thailand.king/index.html?iref=nextin | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721008.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00117-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953723 | 272 | 1.84375 | 2 |
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Summer is just around the corner! Many people will soon be firing up their grills. Our four-legged buddies tend to pay very close attention to barbeques. Fido loves grilled food just as much as we do! Just be sure to keep your pet’s safety first and foremost. In this article, a Leesburg, VA vet discusses barbeque hazards for dogs.
It isn’t uncommon for Fido to try to score himself some yummy snacks by going through the garbage. This can be very dangerous, as the trash can contain things like skewers, tin foil, plastic wrappers, can lids, and other hazardous items. As soon as everyone finishes eating, put leftovers away and dispose of uneaten food. Keep trash in a secure container.
Consider keeping your dog contained as people are coming and going. You don’t want Fido slipping out an open door! Use a baby gate to separate your furry friend, so he can still see and hear people, and won’t feel so lonely. Also, make sure your canine companion is microchipped, and wearing proper ID tags.
Don’t let Fido get too close to the grill! Dogs can easily get singed, or snap up a sizzling-hot sausage that falls to the ground. Consider keeping your pup leashed until the food is done.
Citronella candles, lighter fluid, and sunscreen are all toxic to pets. Keep these things away from your dog!
As the weather warms up, fleas and ticks will come out in droves. And, as mosquitoes emerge, the risks of heartworm also rise substantially. Make sure that Fido stays current on his parasite control and vaccinations.
Make sure to keep your dog’s water bowl full. Fido may get very excited visiting and playing with company, and could easily overheat!
Many of the foods you will find at barbeques are toxic to dogs. If you want to make a plate for your canine pal, be sure to only offer him safe, suitable foods, such as plain burgers, brats, or hot dogs. Never give Fido grapes, currants, or raisins; chocolate; avocadoes and/or guacamole; alcohol; garlic, onions, scallions, or chives; pitted fruits; nuts; meat on the bone; raw yeast, meat, or dough; or products containing xylitol. Ask your vet for more information.
Please contact us, your Leesburg, VA animal clinic, with any questions or concerns about dog care. We’re here to help! | <urn:uuid:de136ab0-4108-4cc5-9c6f-ac76c0931538> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lansdowneanimalhospital.com/2017/05/01/leesburg-va-vet-barbeque-hazards-dogs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.933966 | 568 | 2.09375 | 2 |
President Barack Obama and Russian President Vladimir Putin are meeting informally on the sidelines of the Group of 20 economic summit in China.
White House spokesman Ned Price says more details about the meeting will be released later in the day. The meeting is taking place in private.
Obama’s meeting with Putin comes as the U.S. and Russia are negotiating to try to reach an agreement to end the violence in Syria’s long-running civil war. Top diplomats for both countries have thus far been unable to reach an agreement.
Another likely topic is Ukraine. The U.S. has been concerned about growing tensions between Russia and Ukraine. | <urn:uuid:e15101fa-1631-45e8-a859-ef4fe5759572> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.newsviews.tv/politics/obama-and-putin-hold-meeting-at-g-20-video-003691 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721355.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00013-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964567 | 131 | 1.523438 | 2 |
This Month in Exploration - January
Visit "This Month in Exploration" every month to find out how aviation and space exploration have changed throughout the years, improving life for humans on Earth and in space. While reflecting on the events that led to NASA's formation and its rich history of accomplishments, "This Month in Exploration" will reveal where the agency is leading us -- to the moon, Mars and beyond.
100 Years Ago
January 1909: Before this year, no two airplanes of the same design existed in the United States.
80 Years Ago
January 7, 1929: Maj. Carl Spaatz, Capt. Ira C. Eaker, and Lt. Elwood Quesada set an unofficial endurance record for refueled airplane flight over Los Angeles Airport in the "Question Mark," Fokker C2-3 Wright 220. The flight, which began on Jan. 1, lasted 150 hours, 40 minutes, 15 seconds.
75 Years Ago
January 10-11, 1934: Six Navy Consolidated P2Y-1's flew 2,399 miles nonstop from San Francisco to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, in 24 hours and 56 minutes, setting new records for speed and distance while formation flying.
60 Years Ago
January 7, 1949: Capt. Charles E. Yeager set a new climbing speed record of 13,000 feet per minute in the Bell X-1 at Muroc, climbing 23,000 feet after launching from the bomb bay of a larger plane. Yeager named the rocket-engine plane "Glamorous Glennis" in tribute to his wife.
50 Years Ago
January 2, 1959: The USSR launched the Luna 1 →
, which became the first manmade object to escape Earth's atmosphere and orbit the sun.
45 Years Ago
January 29, 1964: NASA sent a record 19 tons into orbit during a test flight of its largest launch vehicle, the Saturn SA-5.
40 Years Ago
January 5, 1969: The USSR launched the Venus V unmanned probe on a four-month journey to Venus. The probe carried scientific instruments to study the planet's atmosphere.
January 9, 1969: The United States Air Force released a three-volume Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects. The report concluded, "Nothing has come from the study of UFO's in the past 21 years that has added to scientific knowledge. . . . Further extensive study of UFO's probably cannot be justified in the expectation that science will be advanced thereby."
30 Years Ago
January 22, 1979: Neptune became the outermost planet when Pluto edged inside its orbit and remained there until March 1999.
January 25, 1979: NASA announced the official names of the first four space shuttle orbiters that would operate in space. Each name honors a U.S. explorer ship. Columbia was named after Captain Robert Gray's sloop. The Challenger was named for a ship that gathered 50 volumes of data on Earth's oceans in the 1970s. Discovery was named for the ship looking for a northwest passage from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean by exploring Hudson Bay in 1610. Atlantis was the first US.-operated vessel designed for ocean research.
25 Years Ago
January 25, 1984: As part of his State of the Union Address before Congress, President Ronald Reagan announced plans to build a space station within a decade.
20 Years Ago
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January 3, 1989: In a joint U.S.-European effort, a NASA ER-2 high-altitude aircraft flew the first of a dozen scientific missions over the Arctic Circle to document the depletion of the atmospheric ozone layer around the North Pole. The depletion was caused by chlorofluorocarbons and other manmade chemicals.
January 11, 1989: NASA issued a request for proposals to design and build a radar to find debris as small as one centimeter in diameter orbiting between 180 and 360 miles above Earth. Scientists planned to use the data to design the Space Station Freedom, which eventually evolved into the International Space Station.
15 Years Ago
January 8, 1994: Russia launched the passenger craft Soyuz TM-18 from Baikonur Cosmodrome. It carried three cosmonauts -- Viktor Afanasyev, Yuri Usachev and Valery Polyakov -- to the MIR station.
January 25, 1994: The United States launched the moon orbiter Clementine. The mission tested sensors and spacecraft components under extended exposure to the space environment and made scientific observations of the moon.
10 Years Ago
January 3, 1999: The United Stated launched the Mars Polar Lander from Cape Canaveral at 20:21 UT using a Delta 2 rocket. The lander, designed to search for near-surface ice on Mars, was lost during its attempted landing on Mars on Dec. 3, 1999.
Five Years Ago
January 2, 2004: NASA's Stardust
spacecraft successfully navigated through the nebulous cloud of ice and dust surrounding the nucleus of comet Wild 2. It was the first sample return mission to a comet, and the flyby yielded the most detailed images of a comet ever taken.
January 14, 2004: In a speech at NASA Headquarters in Washington, D.C, President George W. Bush announced the new Vision for Space Exploration. Among its goals and objectives, the Vision addressed a human return to the moon by 2020 in preparation for human exploration of Mars and other destinations.
January 15, 2009: NASA will launch the Orbiting Carbon Observatory
via the Orbital Sciences Taurus Rocket at Vandenberg Air Force Base from launch Pad SLC-576-E. The orbiting Carbon Observatory is a new Earth Orbiting mission sponsored by NASA's Earth System Science pathfinder program. It will collect precise measurements of carbon dioxide from Earth's atmosphere.
Lee A. Jackson (Analex Corporation)
See Past Issues:
> This Month in Exploration Main | <urn:uuid:cb02d804-688b-41de-af49-70195a49eff3> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/thismonth/this_month_jan09.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719136.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00468-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.914263 | 1,218 | 3.234375 | 3 |
RIGNANO GARGANICO, Italy, Dec 12 2017 (IPS) - Despite deplorable living conditions, loneliness and unemployment, many African migrants in Italy choose to stay – even when they have the means to return.
“Shame is keeping us here,” says one young man named Bamba Drissa. “We cannot go home empty-handed.”
Drissa, who hails from the Ivory Coast, arrived in Europe at the height of the so-called European migrant crisis. He was one of the 61,532 migrants who crossed the Mediterranean in January 2016. That same month, 370 died during an attempt to reach Europe. With a total of 4,713 fatalities, the Libyan corridor would become the deadliest crossing in the world and 2016 the deadliest year at sea.
Trailer on the east side
After a year and a half of traveling around Italy, Bamba Drissa ended up in the ‘Granghetto’ of Rignano Garganico, an illegal settlement of several hundred mostly West Africans without documents. The camp consists of tents and barracks and is located in the middle of the Southern Italian Capitanata plane, only accessible after eight kilometers on dilapidated, potholed streets.
The barracks now only cover a fraction of the original surface of the illegal settlement. On March 1 of this year, police and army started a mass evacuation of the site. It led to a fire that left the bulk of the camp in ashes and killed two Malians in their thirties. The evacuation had been ordered by the anti-Mafia Brigade in Bari due to reported criminal infiltration in the camp. Despite the police action, the brothel, operated by victims of Nigerian smuggling, today is still there.
Residents whose campers or barracks were burnt in the fire bought tents. The tents are still there, on the western side of the camp, protected from the strong wind on the Capitanata plane by the remaining barracks.
When he arrived here six months ago, Bamba Drissa still had enough money to purchase a moldy caravan on the east side of the camp. A month ago he was making money working on Italian farms. Now the harvest is over, the temperature on the plain drops day by day, and the fields where the barracks are built have turned into a sea of mud.
“Life here is much harder than where I come from,” he says. “I have a lot of regrets of coming here.” But returning, the young Ivorian adds, is impossible. “I made my choice to come here. Others chose to stay and build their lives there. I cannot return home empty-handed, this was my choice and now I have to make it happen.”
“It is shame that is keeping me here,” he concludes. “I cannot disappoint my family. They are the reason why we are here. We are here to help them confront their problems. Before we succeed in doing that, we can’t go back.”
Bismark Asoma, 20, from Ghana has been on European soil for three years. He is constantly looking for work and lives in an abandoned farm with a dozen other West Africans in the area around the village of Cerignola, about an hour’s drive south from Rignano Garganico.
The Ghanaian tells a similar story: his father died when he was five. Because his mother struggled to take care of him, his five-year-old brother and 10-year-old sister, he chose to travel to Europe to help her.
“Working and sending money home was the only thing I thought about before leaving,” he says. “I had no idea or no preconception of what Europe would be like. Work and sending money home, that was all.”
The scale and importance of remittances for the African continent can’t be underestimated. The 2017 Economic Outlook Report of the African Development Bank states that remittances are a ‘major and stable source of external finance for Africa.’ In Western African countries like Liberia and Gambia, money transfers even account for twenty percent of GDP. From 2000 to 2016, remittances grew from 11 billion dollars to 64.6 billion.
While being less volatile than development aid and foreign direct investment the report states, migrant remittance flows also have the advantage of ‘increasing inversely with the economic situation of recipients.’ In other words: migrants are likely to send more money when difficult situations arise in their country of origin.
A son in Europe
Not only in Brong-Ahafo, the region where Bismark Asoma comes from, but in many other West African countries and regions, the prospect of remittances has made the fact of having a son in Europe a matter of prestige.
“The money sent from Europe to Africa improves the economic situation of the family and substantially increases their status in the community,” says Senegalese migration researcher Linguere Mbaye, economic consultant for the African Development Bank Group and research affiliate at IZA, the Institute of Labor Economics in Bonn*.
The Ghanaian Ministry of Migration confirms the logic mentioned by Mbaye and even points out that in some cases, families who do not have children in Europe are looked down upon.
From rural to urban
Though a matter of prestige in African communities, the majority of migrants still leave home out of poverty. A study conducted by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) in Libya last year showed that 80 percent of migrants left home because of economic hardship. Seven percent left because of a lack of basic services such as education or health care in their home country, and only five percent fled violent conflicts.
An analysis of interviews with migrants who had just arrived at Lampedusa that was published earlier this year by the World Food Program (WFP) confirmed these findings. When speaking to West Africans, the WFP noted that they mainly left home because of a lack of job opportunities. Young men interviewed by the WFP told similar stories to those of Bamba Drissa or Bismark Asoma: they were sent out, “leaving their family with the promise of remittances and hopes of a future reunion.”
The path most migrants follow from the moment of departure is summarized as follows: they “firstly moved within their own countries, mostly from rural areas to bigger urban areas or the capital city. In general, they moved one or two times before migrating across the border.”
According to the report, the search for stable employment leads them increasingly further from home. “On the way, they would locally collect information about transiting routes and following steps. The journey continued in this incremental way, following a general path that eventually brought them towards Europe.”
Of course there is a subgroup that wants to make the trip to Europe immediately. According to migration researcher Linguere Mbaye, this migration is triggered by three separate factors: “First, the perception that you cannot achieve anything in your own country. You see with your own eyes how much money is sent home by cousins or friends who do make it, while you keep struggling to get a job.
“Secondly, there is a biased perception of salaries in Europe,” says the researcher. “My research shows that the expectations are much higher than the actual wages in for instance France or Spain.”
Thirdly, there is the effect of networks and family members abroad, “who can give all information about where to go and how to fund migration.”
Poverty reduction is not the solution
Contrary to what intuition suggests, relieving poverty will not necessarily lead to a decline in migration. “On the contrary,” says Mbaye. “Research shows that people who are richer have more aspirations and more resources at their disposal to start the journey.”
“Reducing poverty is of course an aim in itself,” she adds, “but there are other factors to consider if we want to decrease illegal migration. Moving away is sometimes seen as the only way to be successful in life. So the only way to help reduce migration pressure is by making it one of the many options in life. We must create a situation in which a person can choose either to migrate safely or invest in a productive activity at home.’
Linguere Mbaye underlines that in this discussion, migration should not be considered “a bad thing it itself. And for many people it is a way to deal with adverse shocks. It is thus important to find ways to make migration safe and regular.”
*All opinions expressed here are hers and do not represent those of the African Development Bank. | <urn:uuid:87ba4065-7488-43a8-ada7-d9f6fa0a6c51> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://reliefweb.int/report/italy/migrants-italy-shame-keeping-us-here | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.968018 | 1,837 | 1.632813 | 2 |
This course can be financed through Inter-professional Funds!
This course can be also provide online or at the customer’s company headquarters
7 days before the course
Anyone needs to improve their skills in organizing priorities, managing time and increasing their management skills.
The course aims to develop the self-planning of the activities and the relative prioritization, the optimization of own time, the construction of effective presentations and to consolidate the use of the most common operational tools.
- Self management
- Definition, Fundamental Steps, Maintaining Motivation, Areas of Application
- Management of daily activities
- Pyramid of objectives, Kanban method, Time, Tomato technique, Unexpected events, E-mail management
- Long-term activities management
- Time Boxing Approach, Agile Methodology
- Project management
- Definition and Startup, Planning, Execution, Monitoring and Control, Closing, Planning Tools
- Management of priority
- Moscow Method, Eisenhower or Covey Matrix, Action Method, Getting Things Done Method
- Meeting Management
- How to organize and manage a meeting, The minute, Data sharing software, How to participate in a meeting
Makeitalia Senior Consultant
WHY CHOOSE MAKEITALIA SUPPLY CHAIN ACADEMY
The courses of Makeitalia Supply Chain Academy are characterized by a strong practical connotation. During the course are offered exercises, concrete examples of projects carried out with client companies and practical simulations.
Supply Chain Academy is the result of the experience of Makeitalia, a company that, for over 10 years, has its core business in Supply Chain Management.
1 day – 9.00/18.00
Via Jan Palach, 55 – Modena
“More participants” discount: 10% discount, in the case of two or more participants. | <urn:uuid:7f5f7409-43cf-4c1b-bdd9-f3449212f85b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.makeitalia.com/en/self-management/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.860038 | 436 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Can Transit Expansion Produce Sprawl Like Highways Do?
Here in the Washington, D.C. area, our Metro system is expanding. A new Silver Line will go all the way to Dulles airport and beyond, into exurban Loudon County. The projected station stops are named for highways, not neighborhoods or landmarks: Reston Parkway, Route 28, Route 606, Route 772. Ten of the 11 new stations will be outside the Capital Beltway, almost doubling the number of metro stations outside the unofficial boundary of D.C.’s urban territory.
I’m always happy to see transit flourishing, and it will be nice to be able to take the metro all the way to Dulles without switching to the bus. But does transit expansion give the official thumbs-up to people moving farther and farther outside the urban core? This Silver Line isn’t being built to get me from the inner city to our ridiculously far-flung airport. It’s to provide all the benefits of transit – a reliable, congestion-free ride to work while you read the paper or doze off to your iTunes – to people who have chosen to live several counties away from their work.
Land use expert Reid Ewing, a professor of urban planning at the University of Utah and associate editor of the Journal of the American Planning Association, said transit leads to development – both sprawling and compact – because it improves accessibility. And increased accessibility to jobs in a shorter amount of time is an engine for development.
“It’s the fact that you can reach lots of trip attractions within short period of time on transit that causes development around the station,” Ewing said. “It doesn’t happen inherently. And accessibility, likewise, is a driving force in highway oriented sprawl.”
Different modes create development in different ways. Even different rail modes, Ewing said, have different potential to induce development. Light rail tends to go slower than heavy rail, and so light rail connectivity far out in the suburbs won’t be as much of a boon to a community as a faster line. So it won’t attract as many new residents to the area, whether people living in a tight circle around the station and walking to transit, or people living more spread out and driving there.
“With highway expansion you really don’t get much concentration of activity because the automobile is so flexible – it can go anywhere and it moves at fairly high speeds,” Ewing said. “The catchment area for a high performance highway is many miles. And that catchment area is likely to be developed in a sprawling pattern, because it’s auto-oriented. In the case of rail expansion, there’s at least potential to have concentrated transit oriented development around the station, then potentially sprawl feeding the station through park-and-ride.”
That’s why well-planned station area development so key. It doesn’t just make for nice, semi-urban enclaves – it channels outward development along compact corridors, says APTA President Bill Millar.
“We have a long, long history in the country of building compact towns around railroad stations,” Millar said. “We know that the value of land goes up around stations and intensity of development goes up around stations and that’s anti-sprawl.”
Besides, transit lines typically have to go through a cost-benefit analysis to acquire federal and state funding, and they need to demonstrate a certain level of projected ridership. “That is one reason why you don’t have trains to nowhere the way sometimes you have other things to nowhere,” said Sarah Kline of Reconnecting America.
Transit is generally built in response to outward development, in other words – it doesn’t cause it.
“It’s not like roads or highways that were built before these places really grew up,” Kline said. “The road gets built and then the suburb grows up and then all of a sudden no one can get into downtown anymore because it’s so congested, so they build transit. And yes, transit allows people to still live there. But what would happen if there weren’t transit? People wouldn’t all be moving in closer because there’s not enough affordable housing closer in.”
Chris Leinberger of Brookings and the University of Michigan writes extensively on the increasing demand for compact urban development. He says the lack of affordable inner-city housing Kline refers to is the product of the failure of real estate developers to adequately fill the enormous demand for compact, walkable neighborhoods. The high prices in the urban core signal the high demand in densely developed areas, according to Leinberger.
Does that mean even transit-oriented development on the fringe can be to the detriment of the city itself? The surging desire for walkability can be sated by little suburban downtowns dotted around the periphery instead of by the urban core, building up the suburbs at the expense of downtown. Here in D.C. for example: a person craving urbanism could go to Tysons or Reston or Rockville and contribute to the starvation of Washington, D.C. itself. The city’s census numbers showed a rise in population this year for the first time since 1950, but we still only have 75 percent of the population we had then. On the other hand, by relieving some of the pressure for compact neighborhoods, densely-built communities outside the city can have the effect of making housing more affordable inside the city.
Bill Millar says yes, transit lines stretch farther and farther out into the countryside, but it at least concentrates the development that’s occurring there anyway, and makes it more efficient. “Transit makes development more dense, more environmentally friendly, and increases the probability people will use car less,” he said.
But it can still be done wrong. Portland-area Congressman Earl Blumenauer said transit-oriented development can create walkable, livable communities, but “building nothing but a park-n-ride outside the station will create sprawl.”
Every transit line has some stations that fail this test – stations that are anchored in an ocean of parking, with no other services nearby. If there are no residential or commercial opportunities within walking distance of the station, no one will ever walk there. In these cases, transit is an engine for auto-oriented sprawl.
Back to the Silver Line: Four of those 11 new stations will be in and around Tysons Corner, which has embarked on a land use plan to redevelop the sprawling, auto-oriented shopping destination suburb into a walkable urban center. The placement of transit stations there fits well with their plan to increase density and pedestrian-friendliness, and even without that plan, Tysons’ population justifies a transit line. | <urn:uuid:4d5cfac1-8aa4-4cdb-a97b-5988cc0fd1a1> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://usa.streetsblog.org/2011/03/18/can-transit-expansion-produce-sprawl-like-highways-do/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719908.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00158-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938505 | 1,440 | 2.40625 | 2 |
The FM’s gold schemes will not control gold imports. This simple measure will
To reduce gold imports what is required is a level playing field for gold and non-gold imports and not gold schemes as proposed by Arun Jaitley in the Budget
India needs to reduce gold imports, which were the single cause of the unprecedented over 30 year-high current account deficit of 4.7% of GDP in FY 2013 with gold imports accounting for more than 3%. The Finance Minister Arun Jaitley has proposed two important measures in his budget speech, to control gold imports. These are:
(i) Gold Monetisation Scheme, which will replace both the present Gold Deposit and Gold metal Loan Schemes. The new scheme will allow the depositors of gold to earn interest in their metal accounts and the jewellers to obtain loans in their metal account. Banks/other dealers would also be able to monetize this gold.
(ii) Also develop an alternate financial asset, a Sovereign Gold Bond, as an alternative to purchasing metal gold. The Bonds will carry a fixed rate of interest, and also be redeemable in cash in terms of the face value of the gold, at the time of redemption by the holder of the Bond.
Unfortunately, these two measures will not work. Take the first one. India has 20,000 tonnes of domestic stock of gold. Can it be monetised as the minister announced? Globally, deep and liquid metal gold deposit and lending markets exist but only for two reasons, the first being active trading and the second gold miners borrowing metal gold to raise money at ultra-low interest rates to fund their capital investment in either new mines or in expansion of their existing mines. And there is no third reason for this.
The dynamic of the global gold deposit and lending markets in New York, London, Singapore and Hong Kong involves gold borrowing demand coming from short sellers and large gold miners. In particular, short selling arises from speculators, hedge funds and other participants betting on declines in gold price so that they can make profit from their bet coming right by buying back gold at a price lower than the price at which they originally short sold and repaying the metal gold loan. But since, there is the market discipline of delivery into a short sale, short sellers have necessarily to borrow metal gold to deliver into the short sale, which gets adjusted after some time, when short sellers either buy metal gold back to cut their losses due to stop loss limits or to book their profits and using the gold so bought back for repaying the borrowed gold.
Another reason for short selling metal gold is engagement by market participants in cash futures arbitrage when gold futures are cheaper relative to the spot market i.e. when no-arbitrage argument/ law of one price of derivatives is violated. What then they actually do is buy cheaper gold futures and short sell expensive gold in the spot market and carrying the arbitrage trades into maturity and earning totally risk free profits due to such mis-pricing. Such arbitrage trades continue until, as a result of these trades, such price discrepancy eventually disappears.
Since globally there is large-scale demand for such borrowed metal gold, supply comes from gold deposits and like in any bank deposit and loan market, there are deposits and lending/ borrowing rates known as gold lease rates. These are way too low compared to currency rates because they are in theory and practice nothing but the difference between the uncollateralised currency interest rates and those collateralised by metal gold. Specifically, when gold is short sold, the sale proceeds of short sale are used by the short sellers to collateralise their borrowing of metal gold borrowing, which amounts to lending by short sellers of cash from short sale to metal gold lenders at an interest rate lower than the interest rate they will lend at otherwise. The more desperate the metal gold borrowers are to borrow, the less interest rates they will charge to the lender of the metal gold and so much higher will be the metal gold lease rates.
On the other hand in an aggressive bull market in gold, when prices shoot up, the demand for borrowed gold will relatively be far lower and therefore, gold lease rates will be lower and can be, and have indeed been, negative. These gold lease rates are in both theory and practice a fraction of a currency’s interest rates.
Illustratively, currently these are 0.09%, 0.11%, 0.15%, 0.25% and 0.40% for one month, two months, three months, six months and one year, respectively. Incidentally, in the Indian context, there has been frequent demand from some quarters that interest rates paid on gold deposits should be higher than currently paid without appreciating the fact that each asset has its own yield curve. Like for example, just as you cannot pay Indian rupee rates on yen and dollar deposits, so also you cannot pay Indian rupee interest rates on gold deposits.
Coming back to gold lease rates, they have also been negative during the episodes of aggressive bull market in gold when lenders of metal gold far exceed the borrowers of gold to a point that lease rates become zero but there are still storage and insurance costs, which make effective lease rates negative!
Other than short sellers and arbitrageurs, there is only one more kind of metal gold loan borrowers, namely, large gold miners. They borrow metal gold for longer periods to sell the metal in the spot market and use the sale proceeds to fund capital investment in new mines or in capacity expansion of their existing gold mines and have a natural hedge against gold price rise. This is because they use the metal gold mined to repay their metal gold loans without any price risk and thus have the natural advantage of raising capital at a fraction of cost of debt and equity capital unlike other non-gold businesses.
Significantly, as regards lending gold to jewellers, to call it a metal gold loan is an oxymoronic misnomer. This is because, effectively and substantively, it is simply nothing but a sale and purchase transaction as both in finance theory and practice, a deposit and lending transaction is one where whatever is borrowed has necessarily to be repaid. To that extent, it is no brainer to that the proposed monetisation scheme will not deliver because any genuine depositor of any asset would want his deposit back on redemption and maturity date and not sell it in the first place.
The Sovereign Gold Bond Scheme is, in its design and logic, is exactly like a Gold ETF. The difference is that the latter does not pay any interest but delivers gold returns to investors by investing the entire proceeds of subscription in metal gold, which is held in demat form.
Significantly, all the 14 Gold ETFs in India, between them, hold no more than 40 to 50 tonnes of gold, which is a mere 5% of annual gold imports of 800 to 1,000 tonnes mentioned by the Finance Minister!
Therefore, a gold ETF does not at all reduce metal gold demand. All it does is to substitute gold demand from individual metal gold investors with like demand from a professionally and expertly managed gold ETF instead! Exactly so will also be the case if the Government does the same to deliver gold returns to Sovereign Gold Bond holders on redemption.
In the highly unlikely event of the Government, even remotely contemplating using the subscription proceeds for a purpose other than investing only in metal gold, will expose the government to extreme price risk, as it will be committed to delivering gold returns to bond investors, on redemption, at the ruling gold price. Remember, gold price moved from an all-time high of $850 per oz. in late ‘70s to a life time low of $270 in the early 2000 and then to an all-time high of $1,920 in September 2011.
So to conclude whether the proposed gold deposit and lending scheme will deliver in practice will depend critically on whether we have in India both active gold trading involving, as I said before, short selling and arbitraging and gold mines of global scale. And as we already know the above necessary and sufficient conditions are not satisfied in the Indian context. In view of the foregoing reasons, both the Sovereign Bond Scheme and Gold Monetisation Scheme will not deliver. What, however, will is what actually and effectively did only as recently as in 2013-14 , that is, restoring by RBI of the status quo ante by again creating level playing field between gold and non-gold imports by stopping gold imports on 1) consignment basis 2) unfixed price basis and 3 ) metal loan basis !
What Will Work?
What will reduce gold imports is putting it at par with non-gold imports. Remember, gold imports surged because under the then current import regulations (of RBI’s FEMA Master Circular), there was preferential, and more favourable, treatment for gold imports as compared to import of any other item, including essential imports. Gold import was permitted 1) on consignment basis 2) on unfixed price basis and 3) metal loan basis.
This preferential treatment made gold imports free from both price and currency risks for overseas consignors of gold borrowed overseas as effectively it amounted to their short selling such borrowed gold in India and simultaneously covering their short position abroad, with both the risks being borne by end buyers of jewellery and gold exchange-traded fund (ETF).
This was not the case though with other items, say, coal and edible oils, imported on direct import basis. I had accordingly, in December 2012, suggested to the then Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Governor, Dr Subbarao and the present Governor Dr Raghuram Rajan, then Chief Economic Advisor, Ministry of Finance, to create a level playing field between gold and non-gold imports by aligning gold import regulations under Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) with those for non-gold but essential imports.
And indeed, aligning gold import regulations with the rest of imports by RBI had the desired effect of taking away this significant, unwarranted and perverse incentive. It delivered the desired outcome of dramatically reducing gold imports in double quick time, merely by creating a level playing field between the two kinds of imports so much so that as its direct consequence, the current account deficit (CAD) narrowed dramatically to 1.7 % of GDP in FY 2014!
And this was achieved, as I said, not by imposing curbs and restrictions on gold imports, as was widely made out in media campaign by some quarters, but merely by creating a level playing field between gold and non gold imports and by aligning gold import regulations under FEMA 1999 with those for non-gold, but essential, imports like, as I mentioned above, edible oil and coal.
However, surprisingly, the RBI, only recently, rolled back these entirely wholesome and fair measures. No wonder, according to media reports, gold imports have again surged and the CAD for the latest fiscal quarter has increased to 2.1% from 1.2% of the GDP.
(VK Sharma is Former Executive Director of the Reserve Bank of India) | <urn:uuid:f81c2b9e-49e0-4821-b6c5-a5651ed25c05> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.moneylife.in/article/the-fmrsquos-gold-schemes-will-not-control-gold-imports-this-simple-measure-will/41152.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721387.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00448-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954352 | 2,253 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Pasco County Utilities partnered with the Florida Governmental Utility Authority (FGUA) on a three-year public education campaign that generated 2,200 entries and $3,700 in sponsor- driven goods and services.
This year's focus was on how the program's mascot, a water droplet named Drippy, makes his way from the aquifer to a faucet. Presentations were given to schools on water production and how water and wastewater are treated. Students then voted on the type of process they’d like to learn more about by creating a poster that illustrated the particular process.
The poster contest engaged students, teachers and parents directly, while the outreach program extended awareness throughout the entire community.
“The results far exceeded our expectations," says Pasco County Assistant Administrator Bruce Kennedy. “This partnership allowed Utilities to expand its water conservation message far broader than we could by ourselves."
“This is a testament to how effective organizations can be when they work together for a common purpose,” says FGUA System Manager Robert Sheets. “With continued education we can ensure that our youth will be informed, educated stewards of the environment.”
The award was bestowed by the Florida Section of the American Water Works Association. | <urn:uuid:2d3f051b-16db-4456-af80-2c8c27f91d64> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.pwmag.com/facilities/steal-this-public-outreach-idea_o | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00264-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960777 | 256 | 2.265625 | 2 |
This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers.
Factors Predictive of Mathematics Achievement
Mathematics is wonderful logic, full of interesting patterns. It is the language of science and engineering. It opens the doors to higher- level job. No employment can be managed without arithmetic, no mechanical invention without geometry. - Benjamin Franklin.
Education Reform is top of the agenda of almost every country in the world.
In today ‘s information age, education has become all the fundamental . Today, you can no longer drop out of school and land on job that pays a living wage. America needs the abilities and talents of all its children to succeed and thrive. If we help our children , we strengthen our nation. We must recognize that America's achievement gap hurts not just the children who are cheated of a quality education but the nation itself. (Secretary Arne Duncan,2010) .Secretary Arne Duncan.(2010) Crossing the next bridge Retreived March,16 2010 from http://www2.ed.gov/print/news/speeches/2010/03/03082010.html
According to Slavin 2008 “The mathematics achievement of America‘s middle and high school students is an issue of great concern to policymakers as well as educators. Many believe that secondary math achievement is a key predictor of a nation‘s long term economic potential .In countries other than the U.S., results of international comparisons of mathematics achievement, such as the PISA study and the TIMSS study are front-page news, because it is widely believed that their students‘ performance in math and science is of great importance to their nations‘ competitive strength for the future.
The dilemma of mathematics performance in American middle and high schools is not primarily a problem of comparisons to other countries, however, but more a problem within the U.S. There are enormous differences between the performance of white and middle class students and that of minority and disadvantaged students, and the gap is not diminishing.
. Clearly to advance in mathematics achievement, we must improve the quality of math instruction received by all students.
Clearly, to continue to advance in mathematics achievement, we must improve the quality of math instruction received by all students. What tools do we have available to intervene in middle and high schools to significantly improve their mathematics outcomes? Which textbooks, technology applications, and professional development approaches are known to be effective? Slavin, R.E., Lake, C., & Groff, C. (2009), Effective programs in middle and high school mathematics A best evidence synthesis. Review of Educational Research
( Weiss 2010) stated, “lso we need great teachers and great school leaders . Great teaching matters and great teaching happens more consistently in school led by great principals.” Weiss,J. Remarks of Joanne Weiss to the Annual Meeting of the American Diploma Project Retreived March,16 2010 from http://www2.ed.gov/news/speeches/2009/09/09102009.html
As the President Obama stated in the Blue Print Reform ,“ Every child in America deserves a world-class education. Today, more than ever, a world-class education is a prerequisite for success. America was once the best educated nation in the world. A generation ago, we led all nations in college completion, but today, 10 countries have passed us. It is not that their students are smarter than ours. It is that these countries are being smarter about how to educate their students. And the countries that out-educate us today will out-compete us tomorrow.This effort will require the skills and talents of many, but especially our nation's teachers, principals, and other school leaders. Our goal must be to have a great teacher in every classroom and a great principal in every school. We must recognize the importance of communities and families in supporting their children's education, because a parent is a child's first teacher. We must support families, communities, and schools working in partnership to deliver services and supports that address the full range of student needs.This is a framework to guide our deliberations and shared work - with parents, students, educators, business and community leaders, elected officials, and other partners - to strengthen America's public education system.” President Obama,B( A Blue Print fro Reform , The Reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act( United State Department of Education March 2010).
According to ( Slover, 2008)), “There are a number of useful profit of engaging in rigorous math assignments. Achieve and others have found that Algebra II is an entrance course for higher education and teaches quantitative interpretation and reasoning skills important for the place of work. Achieve's research shows that advanced level mathematics courses such as Algebra II develop entrance to postsecondary learning, are vital for college accomplishment and are significant to many careers. students that complete such coursework are not only ready for work, they can be able to earn higher salaries and provide a better future for themselves. Many alternative students and girls, of all races and ethnicities, lack access to higher math classes or are discouraged from enrolling in them. ”. ( Slover, 2008) . ( Slover,L .Vice President, Achieve, Inc (2008) .Hearing on The National Mathematical Advisory Panel Report.)
Now it is up to us, as parents, teachers , leaders, and every person in the communities to to fix the problems that face our nation by providing the support ,the right tools, the high standard curriculm that help our children to compete in today's world. Students may fall behind in both academic and social skills if they are not exposed to the right method of instruction at the right time in their life. My report will illustrate the connection between important variables that affect mathematics achievement.
Student accomplishment in mathematics is affected by many internal as well external factors that can establish, preserve, support or discourage performance and academic achievement. Internal factors include the individual attribute or the outlook that students bring to their learning, such as their interests, shot, enjoyment, curiosity and responsibility.
External factors, include the school environment, community, peer groups. Way to increase motivation is through positive connections to others, such as role models and guidance. One of the main factors is ‘Teacher Influence and Method and Quality of intruction', which contributed about 50% toward student achievement. Other major factors are Parent Support, Peer Influence, Community Influence, student's Self Expectation, Guidance Influence, and so on. Therefore, the majority of the factors are controllable by the teacher. Of course, administrative support cannot be ignored. In fact without the administrative support teaching and learning may not be efficient in large school setting such as public schools..
High motivation and commitment in education have consistently been connected to reduced dropout rates and improved levels of students success. There are many factors that add to student' interest and level of commitment in education and teachers have little power over many of those factors. However research has shown that teachers can influence learnerS inspiration. (Brewster.C &Fager .J ,2000). Brewster.C &Fager .J (2000).Increase Student Engagement and Motivation.Northwest Reginal Education Laboratory.
Focusing on teacher quality
Teacher quality in mathematics and science has a significant impact on the teaching and learning process (Ferrini-Mundy & Schmidt, 2005; Hiebert et al., 2003; Lindquist, 2001; Silver & Kenney, 2000). Michael Barber and Mona Mourshed stated.
“We found that high- performing school systems, though strikingly different in construct and context, maintained a strong focus on improving instruction because of its direct impact upon student achievement. To improve instruction these high - performing school systems consistently do three things well:
* They get the right people to become teachers (the quality of an education system cannot exceed the quality of its teachers.
* They develop these people into effective instructors (the only way to improve outcomes is to improve instruction).
· They put in place systems and targeted support to ensure that every child is able to benefit from excellent instruction (the only way the system to reach the highest performance is to raise the standard of every student).”
Factors that affect individual students in the classroom. The teacher level factors addressed here are a function of decisions made by individual teachers, including instructional strategies, classroom management and classroom curriculum design.
What makes an effective teacher?
Research on teacher effectiveness focuses on relating teacher behaviors to student
Achievement. Effective teaching is the result of a combination of many factors. including aspects of the teacher's background and ways of interacting with others .
Effective teachers view themselves as responsible for the success of their students. They are truly believed that all students can learn... They work collaboratively with other staff members. (Brian and Jacobs, 1990).
Effective mathematics teaching
* Teacher's subject knowledge is above that necessary for the level of teaching
* Teacher makes the lesson fun, using humor whenever possible.
* Teacher has high expectation of what his or her pupils can achieve.
* Teacher gives clear, precise descriptions, explanations and instructions
* Teacher aims to construct a solid foundation in mathematics, building on what has gone before and preparing for what is to come.
* Lesson is well planned and managed.
* Praise is given when deserved and when not encouragement to do better. ( Burghes, CIMT, 2005) | <urn:uuid:46a88ca4-d3e5-4e67-8bbb-09487ba76c02> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.ukessays.com/essays/education/mathematics-achievement.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00447-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953836 | 1,945 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Airship-fixing spider named one of the 10 most important Aerospace innovations of the year by Popular Science Magazine
Lockheed Martin, a global security and aerospace company, has invented an autonomous robotic SPIDER (self-propelled instrument for damage evaluation and repair), which can detect and repair holes in airships.
Without this technology, humans must painstakingly inspect the body of an airship for pinhole leaks before it is inflated.
The patented SPIDER robot, however, saves valuable time and money by inspecting the airship during inflation. It has been designed to magnetically attach itself to the blimp and is able to crawl over the body of the airship, detecting and patching holes with an onboard repair kit.
The airships industry is one of the most renowned and discussed future applications of helium. It is thought that the commercial development of airships could represent a significant demand driver for the global helium business, but we are yet to see the true lift-off for this industry.
The world’s first full sized hybrid aircraft – the Airlander – did, however, achieve its first public flight recently, fuelled in part by helium. BOC sponsored the flight and supplied the helium to the airship’s creator, UK-based Hybrid Air Vehicles (HAV). | <urn:uuid:9c05f070-fa11-4d97-b0fd-7b57591e571d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.gasworld.com/the-airship-fixing-spider/2011582.article | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00032-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947308 | 263 | 2.9375 | 3 |
We constantly create data: every minute, 3.2 million comments, photos, and videos are shared on Facebook, which now uses 1.74 billion people. At the same time, 204 million emails are sent and 300 hours of videos are uploaded to YouTube.
Every 15 seconds or so, each of the 7 billion mobile phones spontaneously creates location data to function, thus determining the precise location of almost all of humanity.
Here is a practical consequence: to confuse a thief who denies having been at the scene of his theft has become commonplace in the correctional courts, as it is easy for a judge to obtain the history of his location from his telephony operator. And our smartphones do more than that: the cloud services they contain transmit our locations, but also the imprint of our voice, our fingers; they convey our transactions, our interactions, our readings, the films we select or watch, the services we consult.
In this landscape, we can add the data that now create our industrial equipment, our connected cars, our houses sensors, security cameras, etc.
This is the new data produced by humanity when twenty years ago, there were only embryonic services: only a few tens of millions of insiders, on a global scale, were connected to the world. Internet, through personal computers.
This is why, every day, humanity produces more information than any that have been created since the first Sumerian cuneiform tables until around 2000 – an exabyte of data.
It is estimated that in 2025, there could be 100 billion connected objects in addition to smartphones and other tablets or so many machines that create the “data” conveyed by the Internet. Each of these machines will generate data of all types, giving valuable information on human activities, the environment, medicine, science, economic agents, in short, on the functioning of an infinity of complex systems, previously isolated, unable to communicate with a single network. A large amount of this data is freely accessible. | <urn:uuid:b04c92a6-6500-4c6a-8826-68298ee824c7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thedigitech.org/open-big-data/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.951599 | 399 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Surface quality of profile extrusion dies manufactured by Selective Laser Melting
The design of plastics profile extrusion dies becomes increasingly more complex so that conventional manufacture processes reach their limit in the die manufacture. A feasible manufacture of arbitrarily designed dies is only possible by additive manufacturing. An especially promising process is hereby the Selective Laser Melting with which metal parts with series identical mechanical properties can be produced without the need for part specific tooling or downstream sintering processes. Disadvantegeous is, however, the relatively rough surface of additively manufactured parts. Against this background, the manufacturing of an profile extrusion die by Selective Laser Melting and the plastics profile surface quality, that can be achieved with such dies, is investigated. For this purpose, profiles are extruded both with an additively manufactured die and a conventionally milled sample of the same die geometry. In case of the additively manufactured die a concept for the surface finishing of the flow channel is required, which can be applied to arbitrarily shaped geometries. Therefore, two different reworking processes are applied only to the die land of the flow channel. The comparison of the surface roughnesses shows that the additively manufactured die with a polished die land delivers the same surface quality as the conventional die. | <urn:uuid:f83ad9a0-de52-4f69-bb16-91a778e9e9d9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/242275 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.921728 | 270 | 2.125 | 2 |
Got it...thanks. After actually reading it more in depth, I gathered that. Have ppl already started receiving their w-2's?
The 1040 (or 1040A or 1040EZ) is the form that you get as a result of filing your taxes (if you use one of the online services, like taxact.com, it will just spit this form out for you once you give them all your info). So basically to get a 1040, you need to file your taxes. | <urn:uuid:e70c8974-c727-4ed4-b9b2-14d6dda24a18> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.lawschooldiscussion.org/index.php?topic=51786.msg994394 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721278.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00149-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960308 | 105 | 1.796875 | 2 |
2 Cor. 12; 1 Tim. 6:6-12; 2 Tim. 3:14-17, 2 Tim. 4:1-8.
"Handfuls of Purpose" Part 3 (Miscellaneous, chapters 15 - 30).
Let fall for eager Gleaners.
Thirty Addresses on Various Scripture Truths and Incidents
by W. T. P. Wolston. M.D.
CHAPTER 28 — A MAN IN CHRIST; AND, A MAN OF GOD.
You will observe, beloved friends, in these scriptures, the occurrence of two remarkable titles, "A man in Christ" and "A man of God." Of them I would speak for a few moments. A remarkable difference exists between the two.
Although every Christian be a man in Christ, it does not follow that he is, practically, what Paul calls a man of God. One gives us position, the other practice.
What a wonderful expression Paul opens with. I knew a man in Christ above fourteen years ago . . . caught up to the third heaven."
Observe the effect of this on Paul. He kept it quiet for a long time. I rather think if some of us had such a revelation as he had, our brethren would have known about it very soon.
Now, what is a man in Christ? I tremble, lest I fail to convey the truth concerning it; but I will say what I trust may help the youngest soul here. If born of God, and possessing the Holy Ghost, you are "a man in Christ."
The history of the first man is very sad. Where does that history end? It only ends in sin, shame, and death, in the scene through which we are passing. The word episkopos occurs five times in the New Testament. Four times it is translated "bishop" (Phil. 1:1; 1 Tim. 3:2; Titus 1:7; 1 Peter 2:25), and once "overseer" (Acts 20:28), and this is the real meaning of the Greek word. In addition we have the derivative word episkope occurring twice, and rendered "bishopric" in Acts 1:20, and "office of a bishop" in 1 Timothy 3:1.
The first time we get the word "overseer" is, as we have seen, in Acts 20. There we read, "And from Miletus he (Paul) sent to Ephesus, and called the elders of the Church" (Acts 20:17). In the course of his address to them, he says, "Take heed therefore unto yourselves, and to all the flock, over the which the Holy Ghost hath made you overseers, to feed the Church of God, which he hath purchased with his own blood" (Acts 20:28). Thus the elders and overseers are but two words expressive of one office in this case.
Next we meet with the word in Paul's epistle to the Philippians. "Paul, and Timotheus, the servants of Jesus Christ, to all the saints in Christ Jesus, which are at Philippi, with the bishops and deacons" (Phil. 1:1). The third mention is: "A bishop then must be blameless, the husband of one wife, vigilant, sober, of good behaviour, given to hospitality, apt to teach" (1 Tim. 3:2). "An overseer must be blameless;" this is clear from the previous verse. "If a man desire the oversight, he desireth a good work, — an overseer then must be blameless," and so on. Then we read: "For this cause left I thee in Crete, that thou shouldest set in order the things that are wanting, and ordain elders in every city, as I had appointed thee: if any be blameless, the husband of one wife, having faithful children not accused of riot or unruly. For a bishop must be blameless, as the steward of God; not self-willed, not soon angry, not given to wine, no striker, not given to filthy lucre" (Titus 1:5-7). Titus is told to ordain "elders," and then the qualifications of an overseer are given.
The last and most conclusive use of the word is in 1 Peter 2:25, "For ye were as sheep going astray, but are now returned unto the Shepherd and Bishop of your souls." Have we all returned; have you returned? If not, lose no time, but return at once to Jesus, the "Overseer of your soul."
Let us now see what these elders were, and their qualifications. "This is a true saying, If a man desire the office of a bishop, he desireth a good work. A bishop then must be blameless, the husband of one wife, vigilant, sober, of good behaviour, given to hospitality, apt to teach; not given to wine, no striker, not greedy of filthy lucre; but patient, not a brawler, not covetous; one that ruleth well his own house, having his children in subjection with all gravity; (for if a man know not how to rule his own house, how shall he take care of the Church of God?) Not a novice, lest being lifted up with pride he fall into the condemnation of the devil. Moreover he must have a good report of them which are without; lest he fall into reproach and the snare of the devil" (1 Tim. 3:1-7). It is clear that they were to be men of ascertained moral and spiritual weight, in the Assembly. Each was to be "the husband of one wife." Of course this was necessary, for polygamy was common then, and a man might have more than one wife before he was converted, and afterwards could not put them away, but it would preclude him from this office.
They were to be "apt to teach," likewise, hospitable, and having their own houses in order; and if they ruled well, we see elsewhere, they were to be much esteemed. "Let the elders that rule well be counted worthy of double honour, especially they who labour in the word and doctrine. For the scripture saith, Thou shalt not muzzle the ox that treadeth out the corn. And, The labourer is worthy of his reward" (1 Tim. 5:17, 18).
Now I believe that many of us have been bred with the belief that it is competent to the Church now to ordain or appoint elders, but if we see from Scripture who ordained them, and how they were ordained at first, it will help us.
But first let me carry your minds back to see what the Church of God really is. It is composed of those who have been redeemed by Christ, been washed in His blood, born of the Spirit, possess a new nature, are sealed by the Holy Ghost, and are thus baptized into one body. The Church of God in any place was a company known as God's people, and, let me say, there was only one such company in one place, hence the postman would have known where to take a letter addressed to the Church of God. But it is not so now, nor could you open such a letter, nor could I. Who could open it? It would have to lie at the dead letter office till all the saints in the place should have come together, and then only could we open the letter.
In those early days, if we had asked the most wicked person in the place, they could have told you where the Church of God was. When the Church of God began, none but true children of God were in its ranks. You may quote the case of Ananias and Sapphira. That proves my statement. I am not going to discuss their state, but they were put out, God put them out by death, and we read, "Of the rest durst no man join himself to them" (Acts 5:13). just as a wasp in a beehive is killed or driven out, so, if a false person did come in, the light was so great that he was manifested, and went out, or was put out. Would to God that it were so now.
Believers in Jesus are now linked with Him in glory, so that they are the members of His body, and such a thought as being a member of any other body is of man, if not of lower origin. No child of God should own such membership; it is not of God, and the New Testament thoroughly condemns the idea.
What we find in Scripture is that wherever the gospel was believed, the disciples were drawn together to the Lord's name. A little time passed, and then the apostles entered that Assembly for a definite purpose, and that was to ordain elders and deacons, not to appoint ministers, for there is no such thought in all Scripture. If there be, it can easily be found.
There is one scripture, I am aware, which is the stock passage for the so-called "ordination of ministers," but this, when examined, throws great light on this subject. "Now there were in the church that was at Antioch certain prophets and teachers; as Barnabas, and Simeon that was called Niger, and Lucius of Cyrene, and Manaen, which had been brought up with Herod the tetrarch, and Saul. As they ministered to the Lord, and fasted, the Holy Ghost said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work whereunto I have called them. And when they had fasted and prayed, and laid their hands on them, they sent them away" (Acts 13:1-3). Now, have you the coolness, not to say the audacity, to say that Barnabas and Paul were then ordained? Prophets and teachers ordain apostles! Impossible! "And God hath set some in the church, first apostles, secondarily prophets, thirdly teachers, after that miracles, then gifts of healings, helps, governments, diversities of tongues" (1 Cor. 12:28).
The second and third would be ordaining the first in the Church, if your interpretation were correct. Again, I say, impossible! They were "sent forth by the Holy Ghost," and the brethren, prophets, and teachers if you will, knowing that "the apostles Barnabas and Paul" (for so they are styled in Acts 14:14), were sent forth for a special work, did what was common then — they flung themselves into the mission with heart and soul — they fasted, and prayed, and laid their hands on them. Did they ordain them? If so, to what? It could not be to preach, for Barnabas had come on the scene long before. In Acts 5:36, 37, he had shown great devotedness in giving his money. In Acts 9:27, he had manifested great spiritual judgment in introducing Paul of Tarsus to the Assembly at Jerusalem, and that Assembly a little later had commissioned him to go and see the grace of God in Antioch (Acts 11:22-24). Thereafter he brought Saul to Antioch, and together they taught that Assembly for a whole year, and then carried their bounty to Jerusalem (Acts 11:25-30).
Paul's apostleship we know the source of, from his own pen. "Paul, an apostle, (not of men, neither by man, but by Jesus Christ, and God the Father, who raised him from the dead)" (Gal. 1:1). As far as preaching is concerned, he began that at Damascus directly he was converted (see Acts 9:19-22).
The laying-on of hands has a different meaning in various parts of Scripture. The action of those at Antioch was clearly only that of identification with these two servants when called to a special service. The Church of God at Antioch identified itself heart and soul with the special work of a missionary nature that Barnabas and Saul were called to, and when they had finished their tour and their work, they returned "to Antioch, from whence they had been recommended (not ordained) to the grace of God for the work which they had fulfilled" (Acts 14:26).
In the course of that tour they visited Lystra, Iconium, and Antioch in Pisidia. Souls were saved, Assemblies formed, and afterwards we find the apostles returning, and confirming the disciples. More than that, enough time had passed by to reveal who were qualified to be elders in these Assemblies, so we read: "And when they had ordained them elders in every church, and had prayed with fasting, they commended them to the Lord, in whom they believed" (Acts 14:23).
Now mark who it was that ordained these elders. I know some learned ones would say that the Assembly chose them, and then the apostles came along and formally installed them. I am no scholar myself, but I am assured by others, who know the Greek language intimately and accurately, that the word cheirotonesantes, in our version rendered "ordained," simply means "having chosen." Evidently it was the apostles that chose them (Acts 14:23). And here let me say this is the only place in the New Testament where we see the apostles ordaining them. No doubt there were elders in Ephesus, as in Philippi, and Titus was told to appoint them in Crete (Titus 1:5).
But then some may say, Were not the people that composed the Assembly the right ones to appoint them, as in the case of the deacons in Acts 6:1-6? In no case do we read that hands were laid on elders. The only passage that looks like it, is where Paul says to Timothy: "Lay hands suddenly on no man" (1 Tim. 5:22). But this, I judge, has a much wider meaning.
Hands were laid on deacons, by the apostles, and by them in every case. In the case of the chosen seven, recorded in Acts 6, the Assembly who gave their money were to have the right to choose their stewards, but notice there, that it was the apostles who installed them in office. "And in those days, when the number of the disciples was multiplied, there arose a murmuring of the Grecians against the Hebrews, because their widows were neglected in the daily ministration. Then the twelve called the multitude of the disciples unto them, and said, It is not reason that we should leave the word of God, and serve tables. Wherefore, brethren, look ye out among you seven men of honest report, full of the Holy Ghost and wisdom, whom we may appoint over this business. But we will give ourselves continually to prayer, and to the ministry of the word. And the saying pleased the whole multitude: and they chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Ghost, and Philip, and Prochorus, and Nicanor, and Timon, and Parmenas, and Nicolas a proselyte of Antioch: whom they set before the apostles: and when they had prayed, they laid their hands on them "(Acts 6:1-6). All that were chosen were selected from the murmurers. Grace is the great cure for murmuring. It was the Grecians who murmured, and though not called deacons the seven who did the work of deacons were all Grecians. Not even four Grecians, and three Hebrews, but all Grecians. What a lesson as to the power of grace when it be active! We have seen clearly that it was the apostles or their delegates who chose elders, and they it was who laid their hands on the deacons, but you must remember that there was only one church in each city at that time. It was the Church of God, and embraced every believer.
We have noticed that Paul, in his charge to the elders at Ephesus, had said, "Take heed therefore unto yourselves, and to all the flock over the which the Holy Ghost hath made you overseers, to feed the church of God, which he hath purchased with his own blood" (Acts 20:28). I return to this occasion for the reason that Paul in his first epistle to Timothy says, "As I besought thee to abide still at Ephesus, when I went into Macedonia, that thou mightest charge some that they teach no other doctrine" (1 Tim. 1:3). From this some have thought that Timothy was a bishop, and was left there to appoint them, but here in Acts 20: we see all the elders doing their work at Ephesus five years before Paul wrote to Timothy, so that theory will not hold good.
Let us now look at some other scriptures very briefly. "Let the elders that rule well be counted worthy of double honour, especially they who labour in the word and doctrine" (1 Tim. 5:17). We see here that there were some of the elders who "laboured in word and doctrine" yet they were not appointed as ministers, as men now say. How did they get this power to labour in word and doctrine? That alone came from Christ, and flowed from Him as the Head of the Body. It was the exercise of a spiritual gift, which the Lord had given them, and had nothing whatever to do with their official position as elders. They possessed this power, over and above their eldership, in no sense because of it. And to illustrate this we have also Philip, who was one of the seven deacons of Acts 6. The persecution arising after Stephen's death turned him out of office, so he went to Samaria, preached Christ, and the whole city is moved. It is abundantly plain that he had a gift — that of the evangelist — and he exercised his gift quite apart from his deaconship. To confound gift and office is to spoil both. They are distinct. Gift comes from Christ. Local office was always conferred by the apostles or their delegates.
Now, to come to another definite scripture, Titus, we are told, was left at Crete to appoint elders. Neither Timothy nor Titus were apostles, but apostolic delegates, who received from the apostles certain definite orders, and when Titus' work was done, Paul tells him to be diligent, to come to him to Nicapolis (Titus 3:12). This shows that Titus was not the Bishop of Crete, as your English Bible says in its footnote.
The question now arises, Have we today the power to ordain elders and deacons? I say, No! Are you an apostle? No! Or sent by one, as Timothy or Titus? No! Then do not assume to do their work. You will probably retort, If there be no authority or power to appoint to these offices, why did God give them at the outset?
Your query is fair, but I think is not difficult to answer. At the first everything was in order, and such offices were comely, but God foresaw that His Church would all be broken up, and where was the value of perpetuating an office which, so far from keeping the sheep together, rather keeps them away from each other. You may say, That is strange, but I say, with no desire to wound any one, look at this city. The more carefully the respective elders of the different sections of Christendom do their work, the more effectually will they keep Christ's sheep apart. The more each diverse set of elders labour the more thoroughly will they keep the "Free" and "Established" and other churches separate, by the very fact of their trying to keep their flocks together.
The truth is, that man has gone on with a form, instead of understanding what God has given for an evil day. I ask you, Which is better, to do so, or humbly to take our place, as those who have not the power? Well then, you say to me, is there no rule in the Church? I thank God there is in His assemblies, yea, in every one, yet I deny emphatically and plainly any power for ordination, ministerial, episcopal, or diaconal.
There are two cogent reasons for not attempting to appoint either elders or deacons. First, we have not the competent ordaining power — i.e., apostles, or their delegates; and secondly, we have not the Church over whom to set them, if we had the power. It is, alas, broken in numberless fragments. Let me put the case this way. If Paul came into this city today, where would he begin to appoint them? Where is the Church? Broken up! Would he treat a fragment as the whole? Impossible! If he did so, he would but perpetuate the divisions which God's Word so condemns.
As to ministerial ordination, I will only say that it is unknown in the New Testament. In not one single case can it be shown that a man was set apart by men to preach the gospel. If it be there, it can be produced, but it is not. Christ, the Head of the Body, gives the needed gifts for that to whom He will, and His prerogative no man can set aside without loss.
There yet remains another scripture or two which I will touch upon, because it will help us to see that the Lord cares for His Church when man's will and disorder have spoiled His revealed order. He ever gives all she really needs. "And we beseech you, brethren, to know them which labour among you, and are over you in the Lord, and admonish you: and to esteem them very highly in love for their work's sake. And be at peace among yourselves" (1 Thess. 5:12, 13). Who were those? I judge they were not elders, for spiritually they were but a year old. Are there none such now? I rejoice to know that there are many over me in the Lord, and I rejoice to know that the Lord has given these — not ordination — but spiritual power, and you know water soon finds its level.
And now look at another scripture, where there is nothing ecclesiastical, and found in the last epistle we would have thought of looking at for light and guidance as to rule in the Assembly. "Remember them which have the rule over you, who have spoken unto you the Word of God: whose faith follow, considering the end of their conversation" "Obey them that have the rule over you, and submit yourselves: for they watch for your souls, as they that must give account, that they may do it with joy, and not with grief: for that is unprofitable for you" "Salute all them that have the rule over you, and all the saints. They of Italy salute' you" (Heb. 13:7, 17, 24). What were these? They were guides? Does putting a man into an official place make him this? No! Verse 7 speaks for itself. A man who brings to you the Word of God in a moment of difficulty, so that you know it is God's Word, and your soul is guided by it, is a guide. You will own him as such, and remember him in your prayers, and welcome him, when he again comes along.
I own as a guide not one that takes a place as such, but one who brings me the Word of God, which does its work, and shows me my way. A guide may step out of a well-beaten path, to point out the way — well — let it be so, if it be the Word of God.
It is an immense comfort to know that, if apostles have ceased to be, and local offices are not to be perpetuated in the present ruined and broken state of the Church, the Lord in His tender love continues to His beloved people all they really need. Evangelists, pastors, and teachers He still gives, and guides He has always raised up when needed. The work of elders and deacons is done, without assuming the title, in every Assembly of God.
The guides show me the way from God's Word. Men with pastoral gift there are still to help the souls of the saints, specially in private. And we have teachers too for the saints inside. But let us never forget that all gifts are the common property of the Church. They belong to the whole, and not to some little section, and wherever I see a gifted man I claim him, as from the Lord, for the whole Church, and would to God that he would take his place in His Assembly as such.
I trust it is clear to your souls that ministry is distinct from these' local charges, which have disappeared, and so to continue them without divine authority is foolish — not to say sinful. | <urn:uuid:50872588-5fbf-4579-bcce-081e7e836b2d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://stempublishing.com/authors/wolston/HAND328.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00300-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983119 | 5,183 | 1.960938 | 2 |
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Description: This 1889 map of Douglas County, Wisconsin, shows the township and range grid, towns, sections, cities and villages, roads, existing and proposed railroads...
Description: An exterior view from street of the Hebrew Brotherhood Synagogue.
Description: This 1892 map of Douglas County, Wisconsin, shows the township and range grid, towns, sections, cities and villages, roads, railroads, trails, lakes and st...
Description: This 1899 map of Douglas County, Wisconsin, shows the township and range grid, towns, sections, cities, villages and railroad stations, mines, roads, railr...
Description: This map, taken from the 1911 Map of Wisconsin showing geology and roads by Hotchkiss and Thwaites, shows the northwest portion of Douglas County, Wisconsi...
Date: 1910 ca.
Description: View of the Great Northern grain elevator.
Date: 1860 ca.
Description: This map of Superior is oriented with north to the upper left. Relief is shown by hachures and water depths are shown by soundings. Lake Superior and bays...
Date: 1887 ca.
Description: Bird's-eye view of Superior, on Lake Superior.
Date: 1885 ca.
Description: Illustrated view of Superior.
Date: 1915 ca.
Description: Exterior view of the Federal Building.
Date: 1985 ca.
Description: Aerial view of the Duluth-Superior Bridge, officially named in honor of Richard I. Bong, World War II's Ace of Aces, who hailed from nearby Poplar, Wiscons...
Description: Rand, McNally map of North America enhanced to show Superior as the center of a wheel. The image was used on the back of stationery from City Improvement C...
Date: 1905 ca.
Description: Exterior view of State Normal School.
Date: 1909 ca.
Description: View of the Superior Hotel.
Date: 1889 ca.
Description: Elevated view of group gathered and posed on a new street. Behind the group is a large pile of lumber, wooden sidewalks, and what appear to be newly-constr...
Date: 1943 ca.
Description: Elvated view of war hero Richard Ira Bong (center, in flight jacket) on leave in Poplar, with friends, relatives, and admirers. The group is walking down a...
Description: Exterior view of City Hall on 10th and Hammond Avenue.
Description: Captain Abe McDougall's whaleback boat, docked at the American Steel Barge Company.
Date: 1900 ca.
Description: This map shows streets, railroads, dock and harbor lines, and parks. The map includes population tables for 1880, 1890, 1900.
Date: 1863 ca.
Description: This map of Superior shows Montgomery's Addition. An inset map shows the south west end of Lake Superior where Montgomery's Addition is located. The map re...
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© 1996-2017 Wisconsin Historical Society, 816 State Street, Madison, WI 53706 | <urn:uuid:7a394017-8a7a-4f82-ae85-059038977e86> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Content.aspx?dsNav=N:1135-4294963829-4294961449-4294955441&dsNavOnly=N:1135-4294963829&subject_narrow=Wisconsin | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00283-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.875603 | 794 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Aid groups worry about future direction of development assistance
Aid groups are concerned about the direction of international development assistance under the Abbott Government after the decision to abolish AusAID.
Source: AM | Duration: 3min 10sec
TONY EASTLEY: Aid groups are concerned about the direction of international development assistance under the Abbott Government.
AID/WATCH is an independent aid watchdog. Peter Lloyd is speaking here to Matt Hilton, the chairman of its management committee.
MATT HILTON: AusAID has its problems but it was moving towards a better aid program and putting it into DFAT (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade) is just going to exacerbate those problems.
PETER LLOYD: What difference does it make it being folded back under the umbrella of DFAT given that that's where it was only three years ago?
MATT HILTON: The aid program is a very interesting part of the government. At the moment it has two objectives; one to reduce poverty and the second; to act in the national interest. And we thought it was a huge step forward that it was acting in the national interest had been kind of relegated. But what will happen under DFAT is that national interest will become the primary objective of AusAID and that is bad news for the global poor.
PETER LLOYD: In what way? How will it shift the priority paradigm?
MATT HILTON: Under DFAT, I mean generally under a Coalition government and under this model, we believe there will be a loss of programs related to the multilateral organisations. So that's the United Nations. And we expect a much bigger role for Australian business and a much bigger role for aid programs that pretty much just act in Australia's interests, not in the interests of the poor. And I think most Australians expect the aid program to be acting in the interests of the poor.
PETER LLOYD: Is there, to some extent, a philosophical reversal from the John Howard era when aid was largely seen through the prism of counter-terrorism in that developing aid programs that reduced poverty, particularly in the near region, was seen as sandbagging almost against the possibility of a Bali-like attack again, because you were actually developing the country's prosperity where there was a risk of extremism?
MATT HILTON: That kind of language was used by the Howard government and it was used to a lesser extent by the Labor government. Looking at what the Coalition has been saying, they've been using the economic argument, that economic growth is the only way to reduce poverty and therefore reduce insecurity in our region.
There's a little bit of merit to that argument but the reality is, the kind of economic growth that will be promoted under AusAID and the kind of economic growth that a lot of our neighbours have seen are pretty much excluding the poor and are all about resource extraction and all about developing a middle-class. So that actually works against the objective of national security because the need inclusive economic growth for everyone to be brought on board.
And the kind of programs that we suspect will be promoted, like mining for development, perhaps even supporting the live export, Australia's live export programs to Indonesia - they're not going to do anything for this objective.
PETER LLOYD: And that's your major concern, that it will return to the focus of supporting Australia's national interest through commercial interest?
MATT HILTON: Absolutely. That's our biggest concern - that the global poor, global poverty is off the agenda and it's all about business for Australia.
TONY EASTLEY: Matt Hilton from AID/WATCH, speaking to Peter Lloyd. | <urn:uuid:73c4ba3e-0e43-499d-90d4-471d8d250d1e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-09-19/aid-groups-worry-about-future-direction-of/4967424 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00508-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968372 | 756 | 1.601563 | 2 |
A sad day for fashion- the first Black supermodel, Naomi Sims, has died of cancer at 61. Donyale Luna may have started to bring about mainstream acceptance of black models by winning Vogue's Model of the Year in 1966, but it was Sims' classic good looks that really established the 'Black is Beautiful' movement. Her cover on Ladies' Home Journal was the first by a black model on a mainstream female magazine, and from there she went on to appear on many other covers and have her own successful line of wigs and cosmetics for African-Americans. When I was working on the Met's Model as Muse show I had to write up her by bio for use in the show and all of my research showed her to be a beautiful women with a strong sense of integrity and intelligence. She will be missed.
Labels: 60s, Models, naomi sims, rip | <urn:uuid:5fe539f9-29ee-4cad-ab9e-1eb7d2e952a1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://sighswhispers.blogspot.com/2009/08/rip-naomi-sims.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00175-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972155 | 182 | 1.84375 | 2 |
About the Conference
Improved understanding of water risks, of the drivers of poverty, and of institutional constraints is central to the development of policies and practices that aim to achieve and maintain water security for the poor. In an increasingly complex landscape of demographic, climatic, environmental, political and economic change, this requires moving beyond sectoral and disciplinary silos and traditional approaches which isolate drinking water from water resources.
Since 2015, the DFID-funded REACH programme has been collaborating with government, practitioner and enterprise stakeholders to improve water security for millions of poor people in Africa and South Asia by delivering world-class science that influences policy and practice. On 27-29 March, REACH’s international conference on Water Security and Poverty will convene leading practitioners and scientists in Oxford to discuss key results to date from REACH in Bangladesh, Kenya and Ethiopia, and continue to shape major academic, policy and practice debates around water security and poverty. | <urn:uuid:dab89e3c-047c-440f-a8ac-ef40a7d2f23c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.reach2019conference.org/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.922888 | 188 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Starting this summer, Apple and Android owners will be able to track their blood alcohol content level by simply exhaling into their phones.
Breathometer, Inc. recently launched the world’s first smartphone breathalyzer, the Breathometer. Apple and Android teamed up with Breathometer to produce an app that provides an easy way for drinkers to be conscious about how much they’re drinking and to make smarter alcohol consumption decisions.
The $20 Breathometer app comes with a small breathing device that plugs into the audio jack of a smartphone. Once breathed into, the blood alcohol concentration data from the breathing device is stored in the app where it displays the user's BAC in real-time.
Since its release, other brands like DrinkTracker and BreathalEyes have entered the market to compete with the Breathometer.
Meghan Fuller, a 21-year-old MU junior, said she wouldn't use the Breathometer app.
"I wouldn’t buy a $20 breathalyzer," Fuller said. "It might look funny and be a hassle to carry around.”
Freshman Kyle Holtzman said he doesn't think the app will help reduce drunk driving.
“If you’re consuming alcohol already and making poor decisions, you’re not going to make a smart decision to take a breath test,” Holtzman said.
The app’s main goal is to keep drinkers safe and prevent them from driving if their BAC is too high.
“If a drinker just saw a number (on the app) they might push it and say ‘Oh well, I can drive,’” Fuller said.
Fuller also said the app could have a potential of turning into a game of who has the highest BAC number, and the drinker with the lowest would have to drive.
In 2011, Columbia ranked sixth out of 41 Missouri cities and towns on the list of drinking-related car crashes. | <urn:uuid:e952cf1a-109b-4c99-ac0a-69098d64092f> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.themaneater.com/stories/2013/3/19/apple-android-release-breathometer-app/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719286.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00499-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955882 | 408 | 2.15625 | 2 |
The stats and figures related to poverty are included in this snippet that comes from AFP via the Google News.
World Bank president Robert Zoellick said the recession was expected to trap 53 million more people in poverty this year, defined as subsistence living on less than 1.25 dollars a day.
"This comes after soaring food and fuel prices of recent years, which pushed 130 to 155 million people into extreme poverty, many of whom have still not recovered," Zoellick said in a speech in London.
Poor people in developing countries have little buffer to protect them against the effects of the crisis.
"In London, Washington, and Paris people talk of bonuses or no bonuses. In parts of Africa, South Asia, and Latin America, the struggle is for food or no food," he said.
Zoellick called on the Group of 20 industrialized and developing countries and the European Union, whose leaders are holding a crisis meeting in London Thursday, to support measures to help developing countries, such as the bank's appeal to developed countries to donate 0.7 percent of their stimulus spending to its Vulnerability Fund.
"Unlike economic crises in the past sixty years, this is a global crisis. It will require a global solution," the former US trade envoy said.
"These events could next become a social and human crisis, with political implications," he added. | <urn:uuid:4a24c42b-f72b-43fa-bc05-61cd6603b5a8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://povertynewsblog.blogspot.com/2009/03/recession-pushing-millions-into-poverty.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00533-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970405 | 277 | 2.375 | 2 |
Shakespeare’s principal source for the plot of Romeo and Juliet was The Tragicall Historye of Romeus and Juliet, a long narrative poem written in 1562 by the English poet Arthur Brooke, who had based his poem on a French translation of a tale by the Italian writer Matteo Bandello.
- 1 Was Romeo and Juliet based on a true story?
- 2 What characters influenced Romeo and Juliet?
- 3 Why did the author write Romeo and Juliet?
- 4 Why do you touch Juliet’s breast?
- 5 Was there a real Juliet Capulet?
- 6 How does Juliet influence the plot?
- 7 What is the legacy of Romeo and Juliet?
- 8 Who performs Romeo and Juliet’s marriage?
- 9 Who wrote Hamlet?
- 10 What was Shakespeare’s message in Romeo and Juliet?
- 11 How old was Juliet Capulet when she died?
- 12 Are Romeo and Juliet buried together?
- 13 How old was Juliet?
Was Romeo and Juliet based on a true story?
The story is, indeed, based on the life of two real lovers who lived and died for each other in Verona, Italy in 1303. Shakespeare is known to have discovered this tragic love story in Arthur Brooke’s 1562 poem entitled “The Tragical History of Romeo and Juliet”.
What characters influenced Romeo and Juliet?
They have to have people helping them to continue their plan to being together. I have to say that two characters that contribute to driving the plot along are Friar Laurence and the Nurse. Friar Laurence is Romeo’s father figure.
“Romeo and Juliet” was written early in Shakespeare’s career. Since Shakespeare was a relatively young playwright, he wanted to experiment with several ideas not seen in plays of his time. The pragmatic response to your question would be that William Shakespeare wrote his tragedy Romeo and Juliet to earn money.
Why do you touch Juliet’s breast?
VERONA, Italy — Among this city’s attractions is a 14th century building billed as the home of Shakespeare’s Juliet, the star-crossed teenager who became Romeo’s bride. A bronze statue of Juliet stands in the courtyard. Touching her right breast, according to lore of unknown origin, is said to bring luck.
Was there a real Juliet Capulet?
Even though Juliet Capulet is a fictional character created by Shakespeare, millions worship her as a love goddess.
How does Juliet influence the plot?
Because she marries Romeo so hastily and secretly, Juliet inadvertently becomes somewhat responsible for Romeo’s attempt to intervene in the quarrel between her cousin Tybalt and Mercutio in Act III, a quarrel that ends with Romeo’s impulsive slaying of Tybalt and his consequent banishment from Verona.
What is the legacy of Romeo and Juliet?
Romeo and Juliet has left a vast legacy in film and art. The play has influenced many playwrights to write tragedies and comedies. Shakespeare developed the “greatest love story ever, written in Romeo and Juliet, which introduced films into being more tragic, dramatic and exaggerated” (Carreño et al.).
Who performs Romeo and Juliet’s marriage?
Romeo and Juliet get married in secret with the help of Juliet’s nurse and Friar Laurence.
Who wrote Hamlet?
When Shakespeare wrote Hamlet, usually dated around 1599-1601, feelings of grief, mourning and bereavement were probably at the forefront of his mind. His parents were very elderly by contemporary standards. Shakespeare’s father, John, died in September 1601 around 70 years of age.
What was Shakespeare’s message in Romeo and Juliet?
Love is naturally the play’s dominant and most important theme. The play focuses on romantic love, specifically the intense passion that springs up at first sight between Romeo and Juliet. In Romeo and Juliet, love is a violent, ecstatic, overpowering force that supersedes all other values, loyalties, and emotions.
How old was Juliet Capulet when she died?
On Lammas-eve at night shall she be fourteen; So, at the beginning of the play she’s got about 2 weeks to go until she’s 14. Time in Shakespeare plays tends to a bit flexible, but I estimate the action up to the point of Juliet’s death to be somewhere around a week, making her still just under 14 at the end.
Are Romeo and Juliet buried together?
Romeo and Juliet lie buried together inside the Capulet monument, but their names are not inscribed on its walls. The com- memoration of Romeo and Juliet takes place elsewhere, in the golden statues erected by their fathers, which record their tragic love for all of Verona to see.
How old was Juliet?
A 13-year-old girl, Juliet is the only daughter of the patriarch of the House of Capulet. She falls in love with the male protagonist Romeo, a member of the House of Montague, with which the Capulets have a blood feud. | <urn:uuid:1b56bbca-647e-4bd4-91da-ca0e6582deef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://teachtoinspire.net/inspiration/question-who-wrote-the-inspiration-of-romeo-and-juliet.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.96086 | 1,084 | 3.28125 | 3 |
When the so-called Market Competition and Consumer Choice Act was introduced in the New Jersey Assembly in 2011, it quickly passed by a large majority. But, then it ran into a firestorm of opposition, principally from senior and community groups - and CWA - who kept the bill from passage in the state senate. According to a New Jersey newspaper:
"Each time it was beaten back by a barrage of protests from seniors and other residents, who complained that loosened regulations would leave them with no defense against higher bills and reduced services."
And then, in a surprise, on October 15, 2012 the bill was quietly withdrawn and is, for the moment, dead.
The bill was mildly described by its sponsors as one which "alters State regulation of competitive services provided by telecommunications and CATV companies." What it actually did was to remove any meaningful consumer protections from basic telephone service. "A chief concern of critics," said the Asbury Park Press, "is that the price of basic telephone service, if deregulated, could increase, low-income residents and senior citizens, including those that are homebound, who depend on local telephone service as a lifeline."
For the moment, though, their landlines are safe. It was a clear win for the community and a loss for big business.
Senior groups rail against telecom act (Asbury Park Press, Oct. 4, 2012) | <urn:uuid:25c407a3-426c-4a05-8346-fc5739244e8c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.speedmatters.org/blog/archive/cwa-and-seniors-kill-nj-deregulation-bill/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00008-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981587 | 283 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Sadly in the United States hate crimes against gay people continue. Just today Tyler Clementi of New Jersey committed suicide because he was "outed". Last week Seth Walsh of Texas committed suicide because he was taunted by his junior high school classmates.
Recent studies show that nine out of ten gay kids are harrassed and gay kids are four times more likely to commit suicide than straight kids. Blame it on outdated religious principles, blame it on the political right, blame it on conservatives of whatever sort but no matter where we place the blame - injury to another person for whatever reason is wrong.
I am fortunate to know about the presence of the Gay-Straight Student Alliance that exists at Albuquerque High School. I hope that exists in every one of our junior high and high schools. I am also aware of the LBGT Student Union on the UNM campus. And here in Albuquerque we have Common Bond and many other venues for the LBGTQ community & their friends. These are great organizations that teach acceptance and celebrate diversity.
But there are so many who never make it safely into these groups either because they are scared of family & friends, shamed by their religious traditions, bullied by their peers, or simply unaware that safe havens exist. "Tolerance" is not acceptance; tolerance promotes policies like Don't Ask, Don't Tell, which are neither healthy nor honest.
While so much violence is perpetrated on the LBGTQ community in our nation and around the world I can say that at least here in Albuquerque there are great strides to make us a truly diverse and accepting city.
A word of advice - if you think some young person is coming into their identity as a gay, lebsbian, bisexual, transgendered, transexual, queer person please don't chastise him or her. Simply love and support him or her and help this person to find good and safe places so they can discern and come to a loving and valued sense of self.
So while people mourn again over senseless deaths we can find hope that It Gets Better. | <urn:uuid:10bedb97-d90c-4593-8c5d-1b21425abc6d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dukecityfix.com/profiles/blogs/tyler-clementi-amp-seth-walsh?id=1233957%3ABlogPost%3A471345&page=3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00246-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962706 | 417 | 1.65625 | 2 |
WESTTOWN – The second hearing for a proposed new charter school in the West Chester Area School District was met with resounding support from some impassioned parents in the district while administrators raised concerns over the schools plan.
“We have identified several concerns related to curriculum delivery, support for technology, layout of the facility to deliver the program, special services needed to deliver programs to children with special needs and most importantly there are concerns about sustainability with the proposed budget to operate this school,” said Jim Scanlon, district superintendent at Monday’s public hearing discussing the Whole Life Charter School at G.A. Stetson Middle School.
Whole Life, which was founded in 2005, focuses on students in grades K-12 who have been diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder, Asperger’s Syndrome and language-based learning disabilities.
Whole Life representatives said the school establishes a curriculum, staff and facilities that caters to those needs and channels their strengths into success.
The district school board, which was present Monday, must vote on whether to accept or decline the school’s application.
Testimony given during the hearing by district administration outlined a multitude of concerns the district had with the current plans.
The district voiced concerns with curriculum in that it appears to be geared toward high school programming though it will open as a kindergarten through sixth grade school in its first year.
Administration was also critical of the methodology and individualized learning plans.
“Based upon the application statements, including the sample schedules that were submitted, it is impossible to ascertain when instruction will be occurring in the school day, how many instructional hours a student will receive on any given day, and what portion of the instructional hours will be delivered via online instruction,” said Robert Fraser, district director of curriculum and instruction.
Representatives of the charter school said the goal of the school will be to see modern classrooms for lower and middle school students separated by the “MicroSociety” village that will incorporate a town setting with shops and a theater. The MicroSociety school incorporates a miniature functioning society complete with its own currency where students can apply the tools they learn in real-life situations.
Whole Life Founder Gary Sobolow defended the school and its program, insisting that schools like theirs are currently thriving in other parts of the state and country.
“Let’s face it, this is about money,” Sobolow said. When school districts look at charter schools, “they’re biased, we have seen this over and over again across the state. As school districts have lesser and lesser funds it’s very clear the design is to hold onto as many of those funds as possible.”
Sobolow added that the Downingtown Area School District also sees the school as a threat.
“Everyone wins, that is what we are going for,” Sobolow said.
“We get enrollment interest forms from all over Southeastern Pennsylvania, even out of state,” Sobolow said. “The truth is that the parents who are sitting here today, they want a place where their children don’t feel like a square pegs trying to be entered into round holes.”
For the new location, the school has settled on a 60,000-square-foot building in the on Creamery Way in Oaklands Corporate Center in West Whiteland.
According to school officials, two-thirds of the building will be leased throughout the first few years. That portion of the building is now divided into offices and warehouse space.
Administrators pointed out that current zoning requirements for West Whiteland do not guarantee approval as the school must seek an exception to current zoning.
“Based upon our experience with the West Whiteland Zoning Hearing Board, the process to obtain zoning hearing board approval usually takes up to 12 months and costs approximately $5,000 for application and legal fees,” said Kevin Campbell, director of facilities and operations for the district.
Campbell said there are no funds allocated in the schools budget for that, no paperwork has been filed and there is no mention of an alternate facility. Whole Life representatives anticipate opening in time for the 2013-2014 school year.
“I am hoping to God that it actually gets passed,” said resident Karen Masaroa, who discussed how the school will help her daughter.
“The point is the kids need special education not just for whatever their deficits are, what I’m talking about are the kids with the invisible disabilities, ”Masaroa said.
Anthony Pagano urged the board to weigh the ways the school would help the district, arguing the money allocated to it would be well worth it.
Other parents hoping to send their children to the school identified the struggles their children have been experiencing in traditional public schools and how Whole Life’s program will focus on them with specialized curriculum that will increase their learning.
District administrators were especially critical of the finances for the school.
Suzanne Moore, district director of business affairs, outlined both the expenses and revenues for the school in each facet of its budget. According to Moore, when it comes to expenses, the costs missing from the school’s year one budget amount to $1.4 million, which bring the school’s projected $84,000 surplus into a deficit.
“The school’s deficits will increase significantly in each subsequent year of operations,” Moore said.
In addition, Moore said revenue reductions the district found in the school’s budget would increase the deficit to $1.5 million in year one with a cumulative deficit of $9.6 million by the fifth year.
The school must demonstrate it can meet the criteria for a sustainable school outlined by the state.
If established, by law the school must first take students within the district it is located in. If space exists, any student within the commonwealth is allowed to apply. According to school officials, they anticipate space for students from other districts. As a public school, tuition is paid by tax dollars.
The board is expected to make a decision on the charter school’s application at its monthly board meeting on Monday, Feb. 25.
Follow Daily Local News staff writer Jeremy Gerrard on Twitter @JeremyGerrard. | <urn:uuid:289a3b48-4d9b-4e8c-afa8-d687b83434d0> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.dailylocal.com/article/20130205/NEWS01/130209767/w-chester-has-concerns-about-charter-school-proposal | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720153.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00323-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96836 | 1,310 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Presentation on theme: "Four Types of Printmaking There are four main types of printmaking. The process and materials of these techniques influence the appearance of the final."— Presentation transcript:
Four Types of Printmaking There are four main types of printmaking. The process and materials of these techniques influence the appearance of the final print.
The Four Types of Printmaking are: 1. Relief Printing 2. Intaglio (engraving) 3. Planography (lithography) 4. Stencil (Serigraphy)
1. RELIEF PRINTING This is printing from a raised surface. A simple example of relief printing is a rubber stamp presssed into a stamp pad and pressed onto a piece of paper.
Relief Printing Plates are made from flat sheets of material such as wood, linoleum, cardboard, styrofoam, etc. After drawing a picture on the surface, the artist uses tools to cut away the areas that will not print or builds up the surface that will print.
Relief Printing - Tools A roller - called a brayer - is used to spread ink on the plate. A sheet of paper is placed on top of the plate and the image is transferred by rubbing with the hand or by being run through a a printing press. The completed print is a mirror image of the original plate.
2. INTAGLIO This describes prints that are made by cutting the picture into the surface of the printing plate. Using a sharp V-shaped tool - called a burin - the printmaker gouges the lines of an image into the surface of a smooth polished sheet of metal or in some cases a piece of plexiglass.
Intaglio Printing To make a print, ink is pushed into the lines of the design. The surface is then wiped clean so that the only areas with ink are the lines. A sheet of paper which has been soaked in water is then placed on the plate which is run through a printing press.
3. PLANOGRAPHY As we have just learned, relief prints are created from a raised surface, and intaglio prints are created from a cut surface. Planography however, is the printing of a flat surface.
Planography - Lithography Lithography is the art of printing from a flat stone or metal plate by a method based on the simple fact that grease attracts grease as it repels water.
Planography - Lithography Printing In Lithography an image is drawn on the surface with a greasy material - grease crayon - and then water and printing ink are applied. The greasy parts absorb the ink and the wet parts do not.
4. STENCIL A stencil is a sheet of paper, fabric, plastic, metal or other material with designs cut, or punched from it. Ink is forced through the openings onto the surface to be printed.
STENCIL: Serigraphy (Seri means silk) Serigraphy, sometimes called silk screening, is a type of stencil printing.
STENCIL: Serigraphy A stencil is fastened to a sheet of silk which is tightly stretched across a wooden frame. The frame is placed against the material to be printed. A squeegee is used to push the ink through the open areas onto the material or paper below. | <urn:uuid:64b5fca4-f997-4758-82d2-89ac9e25e57d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://slideplayer.com/slide/3867114/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00340-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943112 | 679 | 3.796875 | 4 |
The Caribbean Court of Justice dismissed the appeal of Mr Clyde Anderson Grazette who was convicted for murder in Barbados. The prosecution’s case was mainly based on DNA evidence linking Grazette to the death of a young woman. Grazette argued that the judge was wrong to allow this evidence to be used at the trial because there was inconsistent testimony from the prosecution’s witnesses on what occured between the time of taking the DNA sample in Barbados and the testing by the FBI in the USA (that is, the chain of custody). In particular, Grazette complained about significant differences in the evidence dealing with the number of DNA samples taken, the labelling and packaging of the samples and the handing over to the FBI for testing.
The CCJ rejected these arguments. It held that any inconsistencies in the chain of custody could be easily reconciled. The court held that the DNA evidence was properly admitted into evidence at the trial. The Court held that once the judge decided that it was likely that the DNA sample was not tampered with and that it matched the sample taken from the deceased, the evidence could be used by the prosecution. The Court also rejected the argument that the use of DNA evidence was prejudicial, noting that evidence is not prejudicial simply because it makes it more likely that the defendant will be convicted. The Grazette decision demonstrates that once there is clear evidence on the chain of custody the CCJ will not easily overturn a murder conviction based on a positive DNA sample.
This summary is intended to assist the Caribbean public in learning more about the work of the CCJ. It is not a formal document of the Court.
The judgment of the Court is the only authoritative document and may be found at http://www.caribbeancourtofjustice.org/wp–content/uploads/2012/02/cr1_2009.pdf. | <urn:uuid:0743d9f2-8167-4a6b-9d57-3973f1f58726> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://stluciastar.com/ccj-embraces-dna-evidence/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00246-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969532 | 383 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Latest update: January 10th, 2013
The following is based on a lecture presented by Dr. Beres at Case Western Reserve University School of Law on September 9, 2011.
Everyone who has taught international law, or written about it, knows that the idea of crisis in actually inherent in the subject. More than anything else, this crisis, this continuing or protracted dilemma, is one of efficacy, of effectiveness. In the final analysis, whether we study Northern Africa and the Middle East, or anywhere else for that matter, the core problem is always less a question of To Where? than of Who Cares?
Why should anyone care about international law?
Clearly, whether we assume that our adversaries are rational or irrational, it seems unlikely the particular sanctions and rewards associated with legal compliance are apt to figure very importantly in the decision-maker’s calculations. It is also true that actually knowing what is or is not lawful in particular circumstances is not always plain and straightforward. It can, in other words, be a very confusing field of study and practice.
We all know we live with a largely subjective kind of jurisprudence, and that the antecedent questions of “legal” or “illegal” will often depend on many imprecise and interpenetrating factors. It follows from all this that, in the end, we will need to identify and conceptualize a whole new understanding of international law as a disciplined field of inquiry, one rooted in far greater clarity and in a far greater expectation of both punishment and reward: Nullum crimen sine poena – “no crime without a punishment,” the critical legacy of Nuremberg.
Lately, there have been certain tangible signs of “improvement,” most obviously in the areas of international criminal prosecution, in the form of a now permanently constituted International Criminal Court, and also in the appearance of both assorted ad hoc criminal tribunals, and various domestic court venues.
For the moment, it also seems this enlarged resort to prosecution for egregious international crimes suggests (in this area of law, at least) that international law is making real and obvious progress. It is also obvious we humans are a species that has somehow managed to scandalize its own creation, continuing to engage in war, terrorism and genocide with considerable enthusiasm and with little respite or effective opposition.
Sometimes, it is almost as if there were no international laws at all.
What shall we do?
We who study and teach international law need, at least in part, to go back to “the beginning,” to reconsider the basic raw materials of international relations and world politics, and to examine ways in which problems of seriousness and efficacy can be addressed at the critical individual human level. In short, to alleviate the crises of international law and in international law, we will first have to inquire about what I call behavioral transformations. For now, we are likely to regard any such transformations as far beyond the pale of reasonableness, and to focus instead on the persistent anarchy or “Westphalian” character of world politics.
This focus is largely understandable (for we are not very tolerant in these times of what would appear to be flagrant idealism or utopianism), but, ultimately, our “realism” will leave existentially perilous conditions unchanged.
Back at Princeton in the late 1960s, I was part of the World Order Models Project (WOMP). At the time, I was intrigued with this unprecedented vision of “blueprinting” new systems of international law, yet, looking back, I can see now that even it had remained too static, too structural; essentially, WOMP was conceived and executed as world federalism in “new bottles.”
Now, finally, it is high time for a new jurisprudence, one that would accept Immanuel Kant’s observation: “Out of timber so crooked as that from which man is made, nothing entirely straight can be built.” This “new jurisprudence” would acknowledge the persistently thin veneer of human “civilization” (remember Lord of the Flies?), and begin the search for practicable ways of transforming people. Despite the overwhelming odds against any near-term (or any term) successes, this new way of approaching international law would build upon the understanding that we can never escape from the “crisis of international law,” or even use international law to escape from our current global crises, by improving rules, or by centralizing structures of power and authority.
It is quite reasonable to assert, as indeed I am doing right now, that either we learn how to change the raw material of international interactions at the source – i.e., the level of the individual human being – or we shall continue to face relentless crises within a system of international law that is increasingly inoperable.
My formal paper for this important conference was prepared at an eminently more “practical” level. It deals, quite predictably, with time-urgent questions of assassination (targeted killing); humanitarian intervention (the so-called “duty to protect”); permissible and impermissible forms of counter-terrorism; alternative venues for international criminal prosecutions; and “anticipatory self-defense.” In this more formal paper, too, I offer, predictably, a broad assortment of more-or-less authoritative standards, criteria and thresholds.Louis Rene Beres
About the Author: Louis René Beres (Ph.D., Princeton, 1971) is professor of political science and international law at Purdue University and the author of many books and articles dealing with international relations and strategic studies.
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Many cities around the rim of the Indian Ocean became fabulously wealthy during the middle ages through the medieval Indian Ocean trade routes. The Swahili coast of Africa had ivory, gold, ebony, sandalwood, and slaves to trade. China had silk and porcelain to get to market in the west. India, at the center of the trade routes got it coming and going, silk from China and ivory and ebony from Africa, and they exported their spices and narcotics. Many city rulers, like the sultan of Aden at the mouth of the Red Sea, demanded tribute for merchant ships to stop in the port. It was the Arabs mostly who were the sailors and traders, braving the pirates, storms, and hardships of life at sea to become wealthy off their buying and selling.
Along with moving goods the Arabs moved much of their culture and religion around the Indian Ocean as well. If you wanted to be up and coming in the business world you learned to write and speak Arabic and you at least pretended to accept the religion of Islam. In time much of east Africa, Persia, and Indonesia did accept Islam in truth, though India and China with their already highly developed and cultured lifestyles did not for the most part.
Indian Ocean Trade Game Exploration
Print out this Indian Ocean Trade Game from Layers of Learning.
The cities of the East Coast of Africa benefited under the prosperity of Arab trade in particular. Their language developed out of a blend of the native Bantu tongue and Arabic. They became a literate and refined people, devoted to learning. The leisure brought by wealth and the access to outside knowledge brought by trade meant that they became more cosmopolitan and learned than their European counterparts of the same period. They also had the wealth to build larger, more beautiful cities of stone. Their diets began to include the flavors of India and their beliefs the influences of Islam.
Print out the map above by clicking on the link or on the image. You can free-hand draw the map onto a large poster board and make it into a simple game. Just roll a die to travel from Sofala, the southernmost Swahili trade city to the Spice Islands and back. Use any little pieces for game pieces. Force (wink) the kids to listen to facts about the Indian Trade, the Arab traders, or the Swahili city-states between turns.
You’ll notice pirates on the map. These spots really were pirate havens back then and captains of trading vessels were especially cautious as they neared these areas, though a pirate could set upon you anyplace.
- Learn about the dhow boats used by the Arabs.
- Pirates were all over the Indian Ocean, but there were certain places that were especially favorable to pirates. If you were a pirate what would you look for in a good hideout or base of operations?
- Learn about the foreign African Slave Trade. It actually started with the Arab traders, hundreds of years before the Europeans even “discovered” sub-Saharan Africa. Ormuz was one of the main slave trading ports.
- The Island of Madagascar has some of the most unique and fabulous wildlife of anyplace on Earth. Learn more about the animals and plants found there.
- This map activity is from Unit 2-13 of the Layers of Learning curriculum.
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Construction of a coal and biomass-fired power plant with a peak power output of 800 MW.
Visser & Smit Bouw was responsible for the engineering, procurement, planning and construction of the whole plant, consisting of:
And other buildings e.g. a coal-and biomass-fired power plant with a peak power of 800 MW.
The construction site was located on the current site of EMO (Europees Massagoed-Overslagbedrijf) on the Maasvlakte, sandwiched between the Beerkanaal and the Amazonehaven. The construction site is vacated by EMO prior to construction. The construction site was easily accessible. During construction we had to take into account the traffic movements of EMO-vehicles, shipping and the adjacent Gasunie Peakshaver complex.
The project management structure was similar to an alliance contract. The (detailed) price setting after contract award has a number of phases, which allow optimisations to be developed and priced. Cost savings in this project are allocated on the basis of a distribution key to both the client and the Main Contractor.
The Rotterdam power plant is expanded by building 8 coal blending silos. | <urn:uuid:39251cb3-5226-49d5-8a03-dec3541b4227> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.visserensmitbouw.nl/en/projects/detail/power-plant-maasvlakte-rotterdam | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.943566 | 251 | 1.546875 | 2 |
The annual Goodwood Revival is three day motor sport event held over a long weekend in September at the Goodwood Motor Circuit in West Sussex, England. While the New Look may have been introduced in 1947, it took some time for the style to trickle all the way down to common American girls, significantly as they slowly constructed up their wardrobes put up-conflict. We turned a hobby into this website to make it easy to find classic inspired clothes for men and women on-line spanning 1900-Nineteen Sixties.
Fifties Skirts , swing skirts, circle skirts, poodle skirts for sale. Store Nineteen Fifties model jewellery. Fifties shirt waisters typically had three quarter sleeves and switch again cuffs. The tasteless, uniform styles of the Forties have been changed with outfits that featured intently-fitted waistlines, puffy skirts, blue jeans, long and slim attire, rounded shoulders and shapely bustlines.
The total, billowy skirt and natural waistline was quite well-liked for numerous attire through the 1950s. For those who’re eager about dressing in a ’50s fashion, listed below are some things to think about. The mermaid gown took roots in the 1950s as did the Grecian gown with an empire waistband.
Some males wearing this fashion had been known as “greasers.” Motorcycles additionally turned fashionable during this time. Fifties Girls’s Clothes with Full Skirts: Picture courtesy of American Vintage Blues Picture courtesy of Simplicity Printed Pattern. There was the costume that was fitted via the waist and then fell into a wide skirt, generally a full circle skirt, from simply above the hip.
A extra streamlined belted style similar to a trench coat often fell past knee-length and may very well be worn over slim fits and skirts. Teddy boys dressed in drainpipe trousers, beetle crusher footwear – fluorescent pink socks and DA (Ducktail) haircuts. Also, study about the historical past of the Nineteen Fifties plus measurement fashions. | <urn:uuid:0f8ea296-4101-48cb-a4d2-5680c39fc494> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bcbgdresses.net/from-the-archives.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.96131 | 431 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Words and images from home and away
Parents — wanna go to Moomba?
Kids— what’s Moomba?
A B&W film from 1965 makes it look like the 1860s, but there are some interesting floats including the Department of Science lunar module. I only came to Melbourne in 1967 and don’t remember being taken to the Moomba parades (though I can remember collecting plastic lunar modules out of cornflakes packets). Also featured in the clip are Melbourne University students on their “Banned Wagon”, opposing censorship of Mary McCarthy’s The Group, Nabakov’s Lolita and the like. This was in a long tradition pre-dating Moomba of university students conducting their “annual revels” at least from the 1890s. Melbourne University students regularly marched by torchlight from Carlton to the city in fancy dress on commencement of theatre or amusement nights at the People’s Palace, the Bijou Theatre, Princess Theatre or Princes Court.
Things of yore from the 1950s and 1960s — tobacco ads, standing on verandahs and rooftops to get a better view, women wearing white gloves. But the past looks quite different in colour don’t you think? The City of Melbourne Arts + Culture flickr stream has some great shots (a pink touch of India on the 1961 Myer float), as does the SLV catalogue.
Shona Patel's thoughts on Tea, Writing & Life
Home of the Australasian Urban History Planning History Group
The Official Blog of the Urban History Association
All ye that come my grave to see
Challenging the Consensus
Other Side Of Shillong
Interdisciplinary research and public events on nineteenth and twentieth century Britain at the University of Birmingham
Analyzing the shades of white
Your brick wall is in India!
School of Historical and Philosophical Studies at the University of Melbourne, Australia. Convenor: Professor Antonia Finnane
connecting researchers interested in the history of the family in colonial contexts
Power, Politics and America's Noble Families
Just another WordPress.com site
A fine WordPress.com site
Connecting researchers interested in the history of cities and towns | <urn:uuid:45a37e5b-64e1-4aa3-a9a6-280aefb5ebf7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bryncymro.com/2014/03/09/moomba/?replytocom=166 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.890992 | 467 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Cooking has become democratized in recent years, thanks partly to the shrinking communication chasm between professional and home cooks. These days, we have whole television slates devoted to topics that range from poaching the perfect egg to step-by-step braised short ribs. But cooking channels are only the latest version of the home cook’s cheat sheet. Long before the Bobby Flays and Emerils of the world, there were cookbooks.
Without getting too deep into the fascinating history of handed-down recipes (you know how we feel about food history), it’s obvious that the practice is generations old. At Fante’s, we’ve been lucky to read and cook from countless titles over the years. Some read more like a family history, while others take a more regimented approach to recipe offerings. And others are simply classics. With the holiday season fast approaching, and with two upcoming author events in our store, we wanted to take a minute this week to share some of our favorites…
Mastering the Art of French Cooking
Julia Child, Simone Beck, Louisette Bertholle
Before she was an iconic television presence, she was one of the authors (along with Simone Beck and Louisette Bertholle) of this hugely popular book, which sought to bring classic techniques to the (at-the-time) bland American palate. Their undertaking resulted in numerous print runs and television series, a movie, and the odds that, if you mention the name “Julia” when talking about a recipe, it’s likely everyone knows exactly who you’re talking about.
We Called It Macaroni
Nancy Verde Barr
A delicious look at Southern Italian recipes, with a delightful personal touch of family history from the author, who served as Executive Chef to Julia Child. This book is a wonderful addition to the kitchen of any Italian food lover.
The Cake Bible
Rose Levy Beranbaum
We love baking cookbooks because of the contrast between the demand for strict adherence to recipes and the sweet, whimsical feeling you get from eating the result. The best ones make this tough task seem simple. Rose Levy Beranbaum tops the list for us with her Cake Bible, a frequently sourced title and one we recommend to our staff and customers alike.
How to Bake Bread
Speaking of accessibility, the title of Michael Kalanty’s book is about as explicit as they come. And the title doesn’t lie! With easily digestible chapters that touch on the five families of bread, Kalanty’s book is perfect for everyone from novices all the way to expert bakers.
And Now We Call It Gravy
We couldn’t put together a list that didn’t include a title from our beloved 9th Street. Sonny provides a unique glimpse into the traditions and evolution of the Italian Market in Philadelphia with this collection of recipes and stories. Sonny knows his history, too — he is also the owner of a fantastic butcher shop in the market.
This is only a starting point, of course. After over 100 years in business, we’ve been part of some great meals. You can find Beranbaum’s, Kalanty’s, and D’Angelo’s titles in our 9th Street store, along with a collection of other great cookbooks. Other titles you can get directly from the publisher.
Finally, be sure to stop by the store this Saturday for our author event with Paola Ferrario, who will be signing copies of her new book 19 Pictures, 22 Recipes. | <urn:uuid:2c98d48f-9f8a-46f9-a123-9d0e219d35a9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.fantes.com/2011/11/03/required-reading/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.946893 | 755 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Posts Tagged: Maria
A delivery person -- an independent contractor? -- on the job. (Photo: Davide Bonaldo, via Shutterstock)
The expanding gig economy in California is often praised for giving workers flexibility and independence. Be your own boss, set your own schedule, companies tout, and these companies would like us to think that drivers, cleaners and personal shoppers actually prefer the gig economy to traditional employment. The rosy spin ignores the reality for California’s low-wage workers.
Children at a "Day Without an Immigrant" rally in Los Angeles. (Photo: Krista Kennell, via Shutterstock)
California has hundreds, perhaps thousands, of children that cannot be accounted for. They are among the estimated 45,704 unaccompanied undocumented minors who were apprehended by federal authorities between Oct. 1, 2017 and Aug. 31, 2018 as they tried to enter California through its southern border, according to U.S. Customs and Border Protection.
As California first lady, Maria Shriver spent years dealing with the issues of California. Now she has a new role: improving the struggling status of American women. She returned to Sacramento for her first public event in more than three years last week to promote efforts in The Shriver Report — a multimedia project — into the studies of gender inequality, poverty and an array of social issues | <urn:uuid:aac72449-ddb4-48a8-b933-f5864b744f35> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://capitolweekly.net/tag/maria/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.951416 | 280 | 1.75 | 2 |
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