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A new form of accent is replacing the traditional Cockney in some parts of the East End, research has found.
Traditional images of the East End are being replaced
White youths are among those speaking in a dialect combining Bangladeshi and Cockney influences - reflecting population changes in the area.
Research for the BBC Voices project found white youngsters had adopted words from Bangladeshi friends such as "nang" (good) and "creps" (trainers).
Similar accent changes were also found in areas of Cardiff and Liverpool.
A nine-month study of youngsters took place at a youth club in the borough of Tower Hamlets, East London as part of the BBC project into accents and dialects across the UK.
"The majority of young people of school age are of Bangladeshi origin and this has had tremendous impact on the dialect spoken in the area," said Sue Fox, a research fellow at Queen Mary College, University of London.
She said they were using a "Bangladeshi-accented" variety of English closer to Received Pronunciation, particularly in its vowel pronunciation.
"What I've actually found with the young people in Tower Hamlets is that they are using a variety of English which is not traditionally associated with Cockney English."
She said the so-called lexical borrowing from the Bangladeshi community was more prevalent among young white men than among white, teenage girls.
Meanwhile, the researchers said the traditional Cockney accent had started to shift to towns and boroughs around the capital, a process which started when many families moved out after World War II.
"Accents are a reflection of society and as society changes so accents change," said one of the consultants to the project, professor David Crystal.
Professor Crystal said the East End example was repeating itself in many urban communities across the UK, especially where new residents are keen to develop a strong sense of local identity.
"In Liverpool as well as the traditional Scouse accent you will hear distinct Caribbean-Scouse, African-Scouse as well as Indian-Scouse accents," he said.
"In Cardiff I've heard a number of accent mixes that weren't previously heard before such as Cardiff-Arabic and Cardiff-Hindi." | <urn:uuid:96f5836f-274e-400c-ac8a-8c40bf88d471> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/4171644.stm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00311-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971183 | 461 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Francis Marion Evans, who has been a resident of California from hi boyhood days, having arrived in this state in 1850, was born in Grundy county, Missouri, on the 19th of January, 1838. He is a son of Josiah and Cavy Anne (Smith) Evans, both of whom were natives of Ohio. They removed to Missouri in the year 1836 and became pioneer settlers of that state, where the father secured a tract of land and engaged in farming and stock-raising for a number of years. In 1848 there came news of the discovery of gold in California, and report after report was received concerning the richness of the mines and the excellent opportunities for the rapid acquirement of wealth on the Pacific coast. All this proved alluring to the Evans family, and in 1850 they made preparation for seeking a home in the far west. They crossed the plains in a wagon drawn by an ox team, the family at that time numbering the father and mother and seven children, the eldest of the children being Francis M. Evans. Making his way to the gold regions, the father followed the fortunes of a miner about two years in Amador and Yuba counties, but not meeting with the success he had anticipated in that direction he resolved to turn his attention to other labor which he believed would prove more profitable, and in April, 1853, he took up his abode in Santa Clara county, locating near the present site of Milpitas, where he purchased a squatter's claim. He then engaged in general farming and stock-raising and continued to direct his labors in this direction up to the time of his demise, which occurred in 1883. His wife passed away in 1885. He found that farming was to him a more profitable field of labor than mining and through the continued exercise of his industry, energy and perseverance he became the possessor of a comfortable competence.
Francis M. Evans, whose name introduces this review, acquired his early education in the country schools of Santa Clara county. He was a pupil during the winter months while in the summer seasons he aided his father in the arduous task of developing a new and hitherto unimproved farm. In the fall of 1859 he went to Nevada, where he remained until 1867, being employed in various ways during that period. In the latter year he returned to Santa Clara county and again tood up the work of the home farm, with which he has since been identified. After the father's death he and his brothers operated the ranch together until 1902, when he purchased the property which he now owns and conducts. In connection with genral farming he has engaged in stock-raising and also devotes some attention to the dairy business, and each department of his work is proving profitable.
In 1869 Mr. Evans was united in marriage to Miss Lydia Trueman, a native of New Brunswick, who came to California in 1869 with her parents, who settled in San Jose. Her father, Marcas Trueman, is now a retired undertaker, living in that city. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Evans has been blessed with seven children, three sons and four daughters, namely: May, Nellie, George, Annie, Elizabeth, Josiah and Arthur. Mr. Evans is a Republican in his political affiliations, and as every true American citizen should do he keeps well informed on the questions and issues of the day. He has been a trustee of the public schools for a number of years, and the cause of education finds in him a warm friend. His life has been quietly passed in the control of his business interests, but nevertheless he belongs to that class of citizens who form the strength of every community because they uphold the social and moral status of the community and co-operate in movements for its material and substantial upbuilding. As a pioneer he is familiar with the history of this portion of the state for more than a half century. People of the present day can scarcely realize the struggles and dangers which attended the early settlers, the heroism and self-sacrifice of lives passed upon the borders of civilization, the hardships endured, the difficulties overcome. These tales of the early days are almost like a romance to those who have known only the modern prosperity and conveniences, but Mr. Evans' memory forms a connecting link between the primitive past and the progressive present and his mind bears the impress of many of the early historic annals of the state.
Source: History of the New California Its Resources and People, Volume II
The Lewis Publishing Company - 1905
Edited by Leigh H. Irvine
Return to California AHGP home page
Return to Sacramento County AHGP home page | <urn:uuid:d17fce3d-a7e0-4fb6-ae2e-bce4d6d81859> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ca/state1/biographies/fmevans.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00227-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.98268 | 952 | 2.109375 | 2 |
The university’s goal for this project was to rejuvenate a tired 1960s science facility into a state-of-the-art laboratory sciences building. The challenges:
-Major remodeling/additions while remaining operational. The project remodeled 80,566 square feet of existing space and added 26,000 square feet. This was accomplished while classes were in session. Major COST PER SQ FT$113.00FEATURED IN2004 Architectural PortfolioSUB CATEGORYRenovation and remodeling were accomplished by careful planning and phasing of work.
-Combining all science instruction. Flexible lab spaces were designed to meet the different science disciplines’ diverse needs. Careful planning phased the move in and consolidated the different science fields including biology, chemistry, physiology, earth science, physics and food science.
-Defining the entry. The original concrete building lacked an easily identifiable entry. The solution was a glass slot entry, which not only makes the entrance identifiable, but also provides dramatic meeting spaces.
-An interior extreme makeover. The existing facility was transformed from an “institutional”-quality space to a colorful student-oriented interior. This was accomplished through color, pattern, lighting and design detail.
The result is a student-oriented design, which provides the instructional and research facilities required to attract the best students to the University of Wisconsin—Green Bay. | <urn:uuid:3d67dd01-7135-44cc-b9e1-dab5621a714e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://schooldesigns.com/Project-Details.aspx?Project_ID=2120 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718423.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00272-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947616 | 289 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Bolivia’s Dengue Epidemic May Affect 50,000, Head Doctor Says
By Jonathan J. Levin
Feb. 5 (Bloomberg) -- Bolivia’s doctors are going house to house in tropical regions of the country checking for dengue fever as the number of suspected cases climbed to about 9,000 and a health official warned more than five times more may be infected.
“There could be as many as 50,000 cases by March or April if we can’t take control of the epidemic,” Juan Carlos Arraya, head of the ministry’s epidemiology department, said in a telephone interview.
Dengue fever is transmitted in tropical regions through mosquito bites, and is potentially lethal if the victim is bitten a second time, causing dengue hemorrhagic fever. The Health Ministry said in a report yesterday it has registered 19 suspected cases of the lethal version.
The Bolivian army dispatched troops to help in fumigation efforts, and some local governments are fining residents for failing to meet cleanliness standards, according to Arraya.
The epidemiologist said the government of President Evo Morales was working with neighboring Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay to fight the disease, which “has no borders.”
“This is the worst dengue outbreak in Bolivia in many years,” Health Ministry spokesman Ener Chavez said in an interview at his La Paz office. “The only way to beat this disease is with prevention.”
Small outbreaks of the virus occur every year in Bolivia during the raining season, November through March. This year’s outbreak is already 18 times worse than last year’s, when the Health Ministry registered about 500 cases of dengue, Arraya said.
Health Minister Ramiro Tapia said Jan. 20 that there were about 1,000 suspected infections, meaning the number of cases on record had jumped about 900 percent in two weeks, according to Cochabamba-based newspaper Los Tiempos.
To contact the reporter on this story: Jonathan J. Levin in La Paz at Jlevin20@bloomberg.net | <urn:uuid:21fdd674-bfb0-4a86-bd76-10c7512d5124> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.amigosdeboliviayperu.org/NewsStories2009/B262DengueEpi.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00478-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945405 | 447 | 2.265625 | 2 |
We are delighted to announce the winners of the first Inter Circle U. Prize!
Congratulations to Professor Robert Arlinghaus (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin), Dr. Manon Bajard (University of Oslo) and Dr. Barbara McGillivray (King’s College London), for their innovative and novel approaches to inter- and trans-disciplinary research.
Winners of the Inter Circle U. Prize 2022: Professor Robert Arlinghaus, Dr. Manon Bajard and Dr. Barbara McGillivray.
The Inter Circle U. Prize (ICUP) is an award designed to showcase and highlight some of our best examples of inter- and transdisciplinary research.
The Call for Applications, launched in March 2022, attracted 19 applications, submitted both by individual researchers and teams from seven Circle U. universities. All career stages (Ph.D. students, post-docs, research fellows, assistant and full professors) were represented among the applicants.
The multidisciplinary evaluation panel, comprised of 9 academics from Circle U. universities, selected three applications that were, in their eyes, using most innovative and novel approaches in applying inter- and trans-disciplinarity to their research.
The ICUP prize winners
In June 2022, the ICUP prize was awarded to three research projects carried out at Circle U. universities. Among the Principal Investigators (PIs) representing the winning teams are :
Robert Arlinghaus – Towards Sustainable Fisheries
Together with his team, he studies fisheries, specifically recreational fisheries, from an inter- and transdisciplinary perspective focusing on the impact of fisheries on fish stocks and the feedbacks of ecological changes on fisher communities as coupled social-ecological systems. He is coordinator of the project “Sustainable Fisheries”, in which solutions for sustainable inland and coastal fisheries were developed in joint collaboration with local and regional stakeholders. The scientific studies proceed from an interdisciplinary perspective asking fundamental ecological and socio-economic questions about how the human-environment interaction functions. On top, the projects regularly involve stakeholder in the co-design and co-development of management solutions through joint experimentation at the scale of exploited lakes.
Manon Bajard – Vikings
Dr. Manon Bajard, researcher in sedimentology, soil and paleoclimate at the University of Oslo, for the team project “VIKINGS : Volcanic Eruptions and Their Impacts on Climate, Environment, and Viking Society”.
Her research focus on socio-environmental dynamics and climate changes during the Holocene. She uses lake sediments to reconstruct past climate and environmental changes to understand how societies responded to climate changes in the past.
Ingar M. Gundersen is an archaeologist from the University of Oslo, working on the vulnerability of society of the inlands of eastern Norway in the Iron Age. He wrote a PhD thesis about the “Fimbulwinter” hypothesis, analysing and interpreting archaeological records, as well as proxy modelling (radiocarbon dates) and GIS simulations of cereal growth conditions to downscale volcano-climate-society impacts and processes to the local sites.
Manon and Ingar’s ICUP-winning project, VIKINGS: Volcanic Eruptions and Their Impacts on Climate, Environment, and Viking Society, aims to understand the role of volcanic eruptions and climate change in shaping the early history of Scandinavia from 500 to 1250 AD. VIKINGS combines high-resolution (sub-annual to decadal) paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental reconstructions (analysis of ice cores, lake sediments and tree rings) with archaeological record analysis and earth system climate modelling to gain unprecedented insights into the dust veil triggered by volcanic eruptions and better understand the resulting socio-environmental dynamics in the historical period.
Barbara McGillivray – The Language of Mechanisation
Dr. Barbara McGillivray, lecturer in digital humanities and cultural computation at King’s College London, for the team project “The Language of mechanisation”.
Her research focusses on computational models of meaning and conceptual change in historical and contemporary texts and she is Co-Investigator of the Living with Machines project.
Her ICUP-winning project, “The Language of Mechanisation” realises an experiment in radically interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary collaboration at the intersection between history, computational linguistics, data science, library science and research software engineering. The project aims to leverage the potential of historical digitised records at scale, particularly the British Newspapers Archive, to analyse the impact of mechanisation on the lives of ordinary people during Britain’s rapid transformation into an industrial society.
The winning teams will receive the ICUP at the award ceremony to be held during the Conference on interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research for sustainable development at the Université catholique de Louvain (Belgium) on 24-25 November 2022. | <urn:uuid:2c7daaf0-16c4-480d-92e3-4a6e1d1bb4b6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.circle-u.eu/news/2022/icup-winners.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.908969 | 1,021 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Sorting Out Jesus
In Sorting Out the Apostle Paul, [April, 2012], I related my personal odyssey of questioning the things I heard in Sunday School and from the pulpit concerning the origins of Christianity. Using my Protestant heritage as a springboard, I sorted through history to discover I am more comfortable with Paul not even being seen as an apostle and with the historical recontextualization of early Christianity rather than its historical decontextualization. To my dismay, I saw the original tenants of Christianity plucked from history in total disregard to very relevant non-Christian tenants contemporary with the decades following the death of Jesus, all in the evangelistic zeal of forcing the life and teachings of Jesus to be relevant to all periods of history, including today’s modern world. Moreover, I saw this disregard and zeal as endemic to the faith-based epistemology of Christianity and most of the great religions of world history; by faith, one can believe anything, making believing in the truth more and more improbable.
In Sorting Out Constantine I the Great and His Momma, [Feb., 2015], after speculating a long while about where in time the “Paul-sorting” should take me, I decided to make sure the faith-based epistemology of orthodox Christianity is as bankrupt in intellectual integrity as I suspected. Using a history of the Byzantine Empire as a springboard, I looked forward from Paul’s time at the most fundamental pillar of Christianity, the identity of Jesus, to contrast how different Jesus at his death and Jesus as defined at the First Ecumenical Council in the Nicaean Creed (325 CE or AD) are. The implication given us in the church pews that what the Church teaches as the definition of Jesus Christ has come to us intact from the time of his crucifixion is emphatically and clearly false. In fact, by the time of Charlemagne (800 CE), there were six more so-called Ecumenical Councils after 325 involving Rome and Constantinople necessary to continue tweaking and changing who and what Jesus was historically and theologically. And, as the Christian Church continued to splinter into countless divisions and sects (e.g. The Great Schism of 1054 CE and the Reformation of the 16th century CE), the failure of the faith-based foundation of Christianity was exposed, an exposure that continues to this day.
These two “sortings” beg an analogy to me. Imagine the original situation at Jesus’ death as a newly-made table top, not necessarily homogeneous across its area, but well-defined as a singular piece of construction. For almost 2,000 years eyewitnesses of Jesus, writers of letters to churches, writers of gospels of Jesus, bishops, archbishops, popes, monks, priests, and preachers have been adding their own “finish” to the table top, each addition an attempt to make the definition of Jesus “better.” Every layer, whether a clear coat, a translucent stain, an opaque stain, a waterproof-er, a paint, a veneer, or a polyurethane protectant, potentially is declared the new orthodoxy and the previous coats declared heretical. There is nothing in the faith-based epistemology, not even the revolutionary Protestant Reformation, allowing for a full “strip job” on the layers to expose the surface as it originally was; within the Christian faith, there is nothing to restore the table top. These “layers” need “stripping” to restore the “table top.”
An example of what I mean by a “layer” that needs to be “stripped” from the “table top” is the very Protestant revival of the Old Testament God to Whom blood sacrifices were made, and the continual justification of interpreting Jesus’ death as the ultimate sacrifice. The “blood layer” begins as early as the 1st century CE by evoking Jesus as the sacrificial Lamb of God, whose blood symbolically cleanses souls of their sins. I remember singing in the pews in my early years (Sorting Out the Apostle Paul, [April, 2012]) such “Blood Cult” hymns as:
Lewis E. Jones’ There Is Power in the Blood (“There is pow’r, pow’r, wonder-working pow’r in the precious blood of the Lamb.”); Elisha A. Hoffman’s Are You Washed in the Blood? (“Are you washed in the blood? In the soul-cleansing blood of the Lamb? Are your garments spotless, are they white as snow? Are you washed in the blood of the Lamb?”); Robert Lowry’s Nothing But the Blood (“What can wash away my sin? Nothing but the blood of Jesus……Oh! precious is the flow that makes me white as snow; no other fount I know, Nothing but the blood of Jesus.”); William Cowper’s There is a Fountain (“There is a fountain filled with blood drawn from Immanuel’s veins, and sinners plunged beneath that flood lose all their guilty stains.”). The cult of Mithraism, very wide-spread among the Roman military in the first four centuries CE and systematically purged from the empire beginning with the reign of Constantine I ( Sorting Out Constantine I the Great and His Momma, [Feb., 2015]), traditionally had a literal blood-cleansing ritual, wherein the follower of the god Mithra was washed or baptized with the fresh blood of a sacrificed bull. Salvation in the early church became a metaphorical Old Testament-like parallel of this literal Mithric blood sacrifice, in my opinion. To broaden the appeal of early Christianity, the rationalization of Jesus’ criminal’s death was in those days whitewashed (layered) with a widely-recognized and respected (Old Testament, Mithraism), yet gory, religious motif. Protestant reformers brought the Blood Cult parallels back into the midst of their pulpits and hymnals.
Returning to the two “sortings” outlined by the first two paragraphs , they also beg another sorting as well as a “stripping,” one which has occurred to most readers, I’m sure. To get to the origins of Christianity, sort out Jesus himself. This, then, is the third in the “sorting” series — the sorting-out of a Jewish preacher from Galilee. As with the first two, this third sorting attempts to be historically-based, not faith-based. Hopefully, Jesus will be sorted out by removing the layers from his biography, by a furniture-like stripping restoration.
The biblical criticism of the 19th century and the archaeological discoveries of the 20th (Dead Sea Scrolls in the late 1940’s and the Nag Hammadi Gnostic Gospels in 1945), I think, have combined to allow us to do as full a strip job on the table top as we possibly can in the early 21st century. Soon after posting the second sorting, I discovered a scholarly book that helped me post this third sorting in a much shorter time interval than that between the first two. In 2014 Bart D. Ehrman, professor at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, published How Jesus Became God, Harper-One, ISBN 978-0-06-177818-6. As its sub-title suggests, this is a book that has already done my strip job for me — The Exaltation of a Jewish Preacher from Galilee.
Using Ehrman to furnish any necessary details readers or I might need (such as specific biblical chapter and verses relevant to the point being made), I think one can get a pretty reliable look at what that table top looked like before the first coat was applied.
I arbitrarily choose 325 CE and the establishment of the Nicaean Creed as the starting place from which to work backwards in time, although, as earlier shown (Sorting Out Constantine I the Great and His Momma, [Feb., 2015]), the definition and doctrine of the Trinity upheld by the orthodox today was at that time a long way from being determined. Looking down through the layers from 325 CE would be looking through a shadowy, nebulous accumulation of layers individually put down by a parade of founders and fathers of the Church for almost 300 years. The accumulation at this time is already a sophisticated, theological speculative hodge-podge from a plethora of sources, few of which have anything to do with the life of Jesus (Just read the Nicaean Creed and compare with the Synoptic Gospels); the table top has become so nuanced as to appear completely altered, the result of many layers over about three centuries. I shall list the names and dates of the members of this parade going back to the year Jesus died, circa 30-33 CE — each listing thought of as a “stripping” that gets closer and closer to the original table top. Each contributor on the list was either a heretic for a lifetime, orthodox for a lifetime, or, for many, switched roles as both heretic and orthodox during and/or after their lifetime. (Here I prefer using Ehrman’s definitions of “heretic,” meaning someone who believes differently from the “orthodox” of a particular time. Because of faith-based epistemology, it is neither accurate nor fair to use “right” and “wrong” with words like “orthodox” and “heretical,” as I have been guilty of in the past.):
Eusebius of Caesarea (circa 270-340 CE), Arias of Alexandria (256-336 CE), Alexander of Alexandria (250-325 CE), Novatian (210-278 CE), Dionysius of Rome (?-268 CE), Dionysius of Alexandria (c. 200-265 CE), Origen of Alexandria (185-254 CE), Hippolytus (170-235 CE), Tertullian (160-230 CE), and Justin Martyr (100-165 CE). This list is not exhaustive or complete, but it illustrates the breadth and depth of the Christology (knowledge of Christ) that was invented, debated, and hammered out over a period of about 200 years. These early theologians of the Church dealt ad infinitum (ad nauseum?) with such issues as 1) was Jesus human and in what sense was he human? 2) was Jesus divine and in what sense was he divine? 3) was he both human and divine and how can that be? 4) if Jesus is divine, how can that be compatible with the monotheism of Judaism? 5) is he divine and/or human in mode, essence, being, or some combination of these? 6) was he divine from the beginning or did he become divine at his conception? his baptism? his crucifixion? his resurrection? 7) what exactly is the Trinity? is it three-in-one, or one-in-three? how is it monotheistic? 8) is Jesus God? or begotten? or created? or exalted? 9) how can God die on a cross? did divine Jesus die on the cross? did only the human Jesus die on the cross? 10) where was the divine Jesus between death and resurrection? Etc….etc. (For the specific verses of Scripture used by these theologians, see Ehrman’s How Jesus Became God, The Exaltation of a Jewish Preacher from Galilee.)
From the early 2nd century CE (100’s CE) to Nicaea (325 CE), then, the early Church struggled with who and what Jesus was. And each contribution in that struggle added “another layer to the table top.” For me, the question is begged, “Shouldn’t ‘God reaching down to man,’ as I’ve heard evangelical Christians describe Christianity, be clearer and more direct than that?” Or, similarly, “If Jesus was who modern Christians believe he is, why was it so difficult, convoluted, nuanced, and sophisticated just to define him?”
This brings us to the period between the death of Jesus (c. 30-33 CE) and the early 100’s CE, wherein layers were added in the form of evangelical biographies and interpretations applied to Jesus, most familiar of which are the four Gospels of the New Testament, the three Synoptic Gospels (Mark, Matthew, and Luke) and the Gospel of John. But there were far more than four layers:
The Gnostic Gospels of Nag Hammadi (c. 140-300 CE), the Gospel of John (c. 90-95 CE), Acts (attributed to Luke) (c. 80-90 CE), Gospels of Matthew and Luke (c. 80-85 CE), Gospel of Mark (c. 65-70 CE), Letters (Epistles) of Paul (50-57 CE), Three “Source Sayings” used by Matthew and Luke, “Q,” “M,” and “L” (c. 33-60 CE), and, for a philosophical source for the Gospel of John, Philo of Alexandria (20 BCE-50 CE). Non-Pauline epistles from the New Testament and 1st century CE, such as Colossians and 1 John could have also been listed. The earliest surviving writing even close to being biographical of Jesus is the Gospel of Mark; Paul’s letters are essentially non-biographical of Jesus, focusing on congregational struggles with theological issues like the meaning of Jesus’ death, burial, and resurrection. The baseline and bedrock of this list is that we have nothing from Jesus himself. So whatever the uncoated table top is going to look like, we know there will be nothing directly from the pen of Jesus; whatever Jesus is purported to have said, we know it had to be passed down in oral traditions over the decades to Mark and the Sources Q, M, and L. Why was nothing definitively written down right after Jesus died? We know that answer clearly: first-century Christians saw no need to write down the traditions of Jesus’ life, death, and resurrection because there was no need — they all believed he would return to issue in a new earthly order before their generation died out. Two things spurred the writings about Jesus’ life on earth — spurred essentially too late to be assured of their accuracy, being by Mark’s time only from oral traditions and lost or obscure sources — 1) it became uncomfortably apparent Jesus was not going to return before the generation of his contemporaries died out, and 2) the Jewish Revolt against Rome in 62-70 CE, which all but obliterated the culture from which Christianity sprang and which assured that the prevailing interpretation of Jesus would be “Christianity-for-Gentiles” Paul, who did his work well away from Jerusalem and its environs (Sorting Out the Apostle Paul, [April, 2012]). The Jewish cradle of Christianity was destroyed; the Jewish/Christian groups we know through the theological clashes between Paul and the Apostle Peter, like those headed by no less a light than Jesus’ brother, James, likewise faded into oblivion; those of these groups who survived the revolt became despised by orthodox Jews on one side and by Pauline Christians on the other — despised into insignificance.
In my opinion, the importance of the cultural devastation of the 62-70 CE Revolt to the origins of Christianity cannot be overemphasized. When the Jewish fortress at Masada fell, there was a cultural, intellectual, spiritual, and epistemological vacuum created at the east end of the Mediterranean that no infusion of Roman propaganda or culture could fill. The new version of the dispersion of the Jews, or Diaspora, caused by the Revolt, added to the confusion wrought by destruction and its attendant religious vacuum. Into this vacuum could literally be placed by the writers of the Synoptic Gospels and the Gospel of John almost anything (not to mention the writers of the other 17 Gospels later written and even later found intact or in fragments — e.g. the Gnostic Gospels) — again, anything, and there was little justification to include anything, except for oral traditions that had come to define what Jesus said and did; to exclude certain oral stories about Jesus would erode the credibility of the evangelists who wrote the 4 biblical Gospels. It was, in short, an opportunity to rewrite the story of Jesus any way they wanted. The inconsistencies among the four Gospels testify that that is just what they did. All four wrote in teleological fashion; they each had a message and an agenda, and, to me, none of their agendas included historical accuracy. The writings of Josephus about the years leading up to and during the revolt have far more historical credibility than the Gospels, due to this vacuum. (And, incidentally, the minute mentioning of Jesus by Josephus is often described as being added later by zealous Christian scribes.)
Thanks to the filling of this vacuum by writers of the Gospels, what was done to Jesus between, say, 33-110 CE, done by all these literary layers, was nothing short of a trumped-up biography of Jesus, all trying to apologetically divert attention away from the fact he died as a common criminal against the state, all trying to show he did not die in vain. The Old Testament Judaic mythology was blended with the mythology of Greece, Rome, Egypt, and Persia to exalt Jesus from a Jewish preacher from Galilee to the “pedestal” of Messiah, Son of Man, Son of God, the Angel of the Lord, and/or God himself. Anyone on such a pedestal could not be a forgettable failure. (Note Jesus was exalted, not incarnated as in the Gospel of John, by the Synoptic Gospels. That is to say, Jesus was seen as flesh become divine, not divinity from the beginning become flesh, as was the later foundation of the Trinity.)
To exalt a revered human being to such heights was not unheard-of in Jesus’ time. In the second half of the 1st century CE, after Jesus had died, the Pythagorean philosopher Apollonius was similarly exalted, complete with: a mother with an annunciation concerning the Egyptian god Proteus, celestial signs of his birth, recognition as a son of Zeus, teacher of a group of followers, a performer of miracles such as healing the sick, casting out demons, and raising the dead, accusations of being a threat to the state, and an ascendant up into the realm of the gods. For details, see Life of Apollonius of Tyana, by Philostratus. The Roman emperor Caracalla (ruled from 198-217 CE) dedicated a shine to him in Tyana, and the emperors Alexander Severus (ruled 222-235 CE) and Aurelian (ruled 270-275) revered Apollonius as divine. Such exaltation might have been in some sense traditional. The founder of Rome, Romulus, was considered a divine/human mixture, believed to have been taken up by the gods to join them. In the Old Testament, Enoch and Elijah did not die, but were “taken” by God.
Look what Jesus’ biography had come to be by the year 100 CE. Born through a divine annunciation to a virgin (“young woman” actually) (The Cult of the Virgin — The Mother of God — a concept comfortable to Hellenized Gentiles familiar with goddesses), birth announced by a celestial sign in the night sky, visited by Zoroastrian “wise men” as an infant, attributed with knowledge and powers that astounded his elders, confrontation with Satan himself in the wilderness, a performer of miracles (healing the sick, raising the dead, walking on water, calming the storm, casting out demons, feeding the multitudes, etc.), talked of eating his body and drinking his blood (that Blood Cult effect, perhaps?), resurrected from a tomb after death by crucifixion, appeared alive-after-death before followers and before hundreds, ascended (taken up) to heaven, etc. etc. These additions, along with the “pedestal” attributes listed above, were the nature of the literary layers applied in the 67-year interval of Christian writings pointed out above. So exalted by the evangelists had Jesus become, the evangelist John would put into Jesus’ mouth some sixty years after he was crucified “I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by me.” (John 14:6), and the author of Acts (Luke) would put into the Apostle Peter’s mouth some fifty years after the crucifixion this description of Jesus: “Neither is there salvation in any other: for there is none other name under heaven given among men, whereby we must be saved.” (Acts 4:12) And these two examples do not include the layers added later by the Gnostics, layers giving Jesus powers and cosmic status not even considered by those who emerged contributory to modern Christian orthodoxy.
So, Jesus’ trumped-up biography is not unique, as centuries of Church purging of pagan literature tried to establish. These literary additions, these “layers,” must also be stripped before we can see the table top “in the raw.” But, to “strip for stripping’s sake” might strip away the table top itself. How can we know what to leave as the “table top,” the historically credible situation at Jesus’ death? Historians and philosophers have suggested there is no table top, claiming positions between Jesus never even lived (He was completely made up, like a character in Greek mythology) to the impossibility of knowing anything definite about the historical Jesus (Albert Schweitzer’s The Quest of the Historical Jesus). However, there are at least three ways of reasonably “leaving” a “table top” upon which we can have some degree of historical reliability:
1) Take out of the Gospels the blatant theology and Apollonius-like trappings and fantasies, along with events that evoke wide-spread doubt, like the so-called “miracles.” Thomas Jefferson did exactly and literally this, with a pair of scissors. The result was The Jefferson Bible (1989, Beacon Press, Boston, ISBN 0-8070-7702-X), published, understandably enough, posthumously. The result was a stoic, humane teacher preaching love and respect for one’s fellow human beings amidst trying times.
2) Employ the technique of biblical critics such as Ehrman (How Jesus Became God, The Exaltation of a Jewish Preacher from Galilee), whereby what is kept as authentic is that which is antithetical to the purposes of the evangelists who wrote the Gospels. To leave these “embarrassments” to the writers out would evoke the condemnation of those oral traditionalists who see them not as embarrassments, but as accurate descriptions of what Jesus said and did. An example would be the cursing of the fig tree (Mark 11:12-14, Mark 11:20-25, Matthew 21:18-22), an event that has given apologists for Jesus Christ “fits” for centuries, evoking strained and nuanced explanations. Another example is the geographical origin of Jesus. No matter how advantageous it would have been for the evangelists to have Jesus erupting from the “center of things,” Jerusalem, credibility would be lost among readers who knew directly or from the oral traditions he was from the relative “backwater” of Nazareth in Galilee.
3) Apply the philosophical/epistemological technique of Occam’s razor. When several explanations seem equally plausible, choose always the simplest, the one requiring the fewest assumptions. This is also known as the principle or law of parsimony. This technique is basic to the epistemology of science, as nature seldom fails to uphold parsimonious hypotheses (remembering, for our purposes here, that history is a forensic science).
When all this “stripping” and technique application is done, then, what is left? In what can we be reasonably confident that describes the situation at Jesus’ death? Ehrman gives a good answer, one I have little quarrel with: the only part of the Nicaean Creed to which he can subscribe in good faith is “….he was crucified under Pontius Pilate; he suffered death and was buried.” I might even leave out the “buried” part. I would add, along with Ehrman, there were also a handful of his followers that believed he rose from the dead (Note believing that X occurred does not mean X occurred.) That is not much of Christian orthodoxy left after the “stripping” — a trial, an execution, and a hard-to-believe claim.
The stripped table top is the historical, reliable Jesus at his life’s end; the un-stripped table top is the trumped-up, and, thereby, unreliable Jesus Christ. A case could be made that Jesus’ real life was victimized by bad press, tabloid journalism, or around 21 gospel-writing “spin doctors” who never tried to write a consistent, collaborative biography of the preacher from Galilee.
The “layering of the table top” over the centuries has constituted and today still constitutes a decontextualization of Jesus from history. By “seeing through” all this decontextualization, it now is possible to recontextualize Jesus back into his historical setting. Applying techniques such as the three listed above do not leave a vacuum; there is a cadre of consensus among the forensic scientists known as biblical critics; there is a “table top” most historical observers can see. That “table top” is life’s end for “a probable Jesus.”
Next, I will continue with a description of Jesus I think most probable, from his birth to the “table top,” a biography based upon what we know today. | <urn:uuid:717b4905-4415-4473-8eaa-77faa8997988> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.ronniejhastings.com/2015/07/21/sorting-out-jesus/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.960914 | 5,535 | 1.71875 | 2 |
South Carolina is 10th in the nation in adult obesity, with 31.7 percent of adults obese in 2013, reports Ariel Gilreath. Even worse, the state is second in childhood obesity. The epidemic is particularly bad in rural areas. Dr. Patrick O'Neil, the director of the Weight Management Center at the Medical University of South Carolina, told Gilreath, "For various reasons, you do often see a higher prevalence of obesity in rural areas, and there's a lot of speculation as to why that might be, and the same is true for why is South Carolina near the top in obesity rates. We have some areas of much lower income, which also tend to be the rural areas, and lower income is associated with higher rates of obesity."
O'Neil said the culture of the South supports obesity, Gilreath writes in a separate story. Some of the main problems are southern traditions that include foods and drinks high in fat or sugar, such as fried chicken, sweet tea and macaroni and cheese, that many rural residents eat as children and continue to eat as adults, serving their children the same foods. Fried foods and other fatty foods are often cheaper, something that appeals to people with lower incomes. And once someone gets accustomed to unhealthy foods, it becomes difficult for them to change their diet.
Another rural Southern problem is a sedentary lifestyle, often caused by a lack of options, Gilreath writes. It's hard to ride a bike in an area with no sidewalks and roads in poor condition. Therese Moore, clinical dietician at Self Regional's Diabetes Education Center, "said the mindset of small, southern communities hinders people from healthy lifestyles." She told Gilreath, "You're looking at a perception that's not natural for people to walk where they need to go here, when you're living in a small town. And walking a mile is almost unheard of to go somewhere purposeful." | <urn:uuid:d24ff6ea-82e9-48a0-9b9c-debe334cb9fc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://irjci.blogspot.com/2015/03/rural-south-carolina-newspaper-series.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00036-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974299 | 388 | 2.59375 | 3 |
The Courthouse Square lawn has been a temporary home to several activists and people experiencing homelessness for over a week as protests over the killing of George Floyd and other acts of police brutality continue.
The sheriff gave protesters notice Monday night that they must evict the property by 10 p.m. Tuesday. Personal property must be removed by Friday according to a press release, but orders were given by the county legal department to begin enforcing hours of the courthouse property Tuesday night.
About 100 protesters showed up to the Courthouse Square on Tuesday night to protest the eviction. There was chanting and dancing, but no sheriff until 2 a.m., hours after protesters expected them to come and after many had left.
According to a press release sent by the sheriff the next morning, Sheriff Brad Swain and twelve deputies asked about 30 people to move to the sidewalk, and they all complied. All tents had been taken down by the time the deputies arrived. A small group of protesters stayed the night on the sidewalk and deputies stayed on the courthouse property until 6 a.m. to enforce the hours. No arrests were made.
The property, which is owned by the county, is open from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m, according to Chapter 262 in Monroe County code. If people are using the grounds beyond those hours, they may be charged with trespassing. In Chapter 257, the county also states that camping is not allowed on county property unless approved by commissioners.
At nearly 11 p.m., when many of the protesters were still present and the sheriff had not yet arrived, Patrick Ford, protest coordinator and IU alumnus, told protesters to think of the night as a victory.
“When we show in numbers, our voices are heard and the system is scared of us,” Ford said.
Ford said the county has been very lenient with protesters and that they planned to be mostly off the lawn by 10 p.m. But some protesters wanted to stay on the lawn.
Crow, a man experiencing homelessness, said he would be staying on the lawn as long it didn’t endanger his friends’ lives.
“Am I afraid to get arrested for a cause such as this?” Crow said. “I’ve seen a lot more shit worse than prison.”
But no one ended up staying on the lawn or getting arrested.
Crow has been staying with protesters on the courthouse lawn for the past week, sleeping in a hammock, leading chants, helping distribute food and drinks and making a lot of friends. He came to Bloomington from Columbus, Indiana, last week after he lost his job in a finishing plant painting appliances. Within 30 minutes of being in town, he met protesters who welcomed him into their group.
“Before I came here, I was a lonely alcoholic, I had no aspirations for my life whatsoever, I just accepted the fact that I was going to die alone with a bottle in my hand,” Crow said. “I came out here and I have been approached with so much love and acceptance and respect and dignity as a human being by these fine people here.”
Crow was inspired to put his time and energy into the protests by his girlfriend who is Black but has diabetes, which has kept her quarantined during the pandemic and unable to attend protests.
He said she is worried about him but he wants to fight for her.
Protester Abdul Wasi said as more and more people experiencing homelessness came to join the activists camping out on the courthouse lawn, protesters have been getting to know them and collecting donations for them.
“I’ve just been listening to them, you know, taking time to hear their stories, actually sit down with them and let them know that not only do they have food, but they have someone to actually listen to them and help them out,” Wasi said.
Wasi said the homeless population’s presence has been a statement of their support for the movement, which has meant something to him and Ford.
“I think if people in the hardest of times can show compassion for others, then I think anyone can do that,” Ford said.
Ford, who has lived in Bloomington for about 20 years, said he knows several of the sheriff deputies and has had good experiences with them. He said a deputy told him yesterday that the sheriff department supports the Black Lives Matter movement, they were just following orders to give them the eviction notice.
Swain said in an interview Wednesday that deputies will be enforcing the hours of the courthouse property from now on.
"The protesters were wonderful to work with," Swain said. "It was just time for it to come to an end past 10 o'clock." | <urn:uuid:19b37a28-14bd-4b67-8a2c-11c3e3d3affa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.idsnews.com/article/2020/06/sheriff-enforces-eviction-of-courthouse-late-tuesday-night-no-arrests-made | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.986047 | 982 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Arica, Peru (now Chile)
1868 August 13 21:30 UTC
Two great earthquakes occurred at Arica, Peru (now Chile) that generated catastrophic tsunamis that affected locations throughout the Pacific Basin. The towns of Arica, Arequipa, Moquegua, Mollendo, and Ilo were largely destroyed by the earthquake. In South America, more than 25,000 people were killed from the earthquake and tsunami.
From the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) Significant Earthquake Database.
1868. 13 August, at 16:45 (local time). Intensity XI earthquake accompanied by a tsunami. The historian Dr. J. Y. Polo refers to this shock as one of the strongest that has been verified in Peru since the Conquest. Macroseismic observations indicate that the center of the earthquake was in the port of Arica. Along the coast it caused much havoc, being felt some 1400 km to the northwest (Samanco, Peru) and at an equal distance to the south (Valdivia, Chile). In Bolivia it was felt 224 km away east of La Paz, in the direction of Cochabamba. In Arequipa, according to witnesses, "the ground creaked and undulated, it being hard to remain standing. Walls fell, and broke into large sections." The radius of the pleistoseismal area was some 700 km2. Within this area there was heavy destruction at Arica, Tacna, Moquegua, Ilo, Torata, and Iquique; the city of Arequipa was in ruins. At Moquegua 150 people died, in Arequipa 10, and Tacna 3. At 17:37 there began am impetuous overflow of the sea. The first wave reached a height of twelve meters, and completely eradicated the harbor of Arica, carrying away on its backwash everything it met in its path. The flux and reflux lasted some 40 minutes. There was a series of strong currents. At 18:50 the sea again invaded with waves 16 meters high. The waters turned and receded. The third wave invaded the land again at 19:10. This last wave stranded the 1560-ton Peruvian corvette "America", the "Wateree" of the United States, and the lighter "Fredonia", which were carried 300 meters inland. The backwash of the sea razed a large part of the Peruvian coast, killing 30 people at Chala, about 100 at Arica, and 200 at Iquique. The agitation of the ocean reached as far as California, Hawaii, Yokohama, the Philippines, Sydney, and New Zealand. It is reported that the earth opened up in various places, spewing out muddy water. The Headland at Arica was fractured, likewise the hills of La Caldera, next to the baths of Yura (Arequipa). About 400 movements or aftershocks were counted up to the 25th of August.
Abridged from Historia de los sismos mas notables ocurridos en el Perú (1513-1970): Geofísica Panamericana, v. 2, no. 1, January 1973, Enrique Silgado F.
In August 1868, an earthquake of about magnitude 9.0 offshore from the Peru-Chile border generated a devastating tsunami. The earthquake and tsunami killed thousands of people along the South American coast. Spreading across the Pacific, it became the largest recorded distant tsunami to strike New Zealand, affecting many ports and causing substantial damage on the Chatham Islands and Banks Peninsula.
The tsunami reached the Chatham Islands around 1 a.m. on 15 August, about 15 hours after the earthquake. Maori at the village of Tupuangi were woken by water surging into their houses and fled to higher ground. Subsequently two larger waves totally destroyed the village and the houses of several European settlers. One Maori drowned, carried out to sea while trying to retrieve a boat that had come adrift. The tsunami also damaged buildings at Waitangi.
Several hours later, on Banks Peninsula in the South Island, a night watchman discovered the ships at Lyttelton's wharves sitting on the mud bottom - the water had drained from the harbour area. Around 4 a.m. a foaming wall of water surged into the harbour, and the water rose by over 7 metres. Ships' hawsers snapped, and the ships were dashed against the wharves and each other, causing heavy damage. The sea gradually receded, but more big waves rolled in at intervals of several hours, and water levels rose and fell erratically over several days. In smaller bays around the peninsula, tsunami waves penetrated far inland along valleys, damaging homes and carrying away bridges and fences.
Abrigded from New Zealand's tsunami history, The Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
1868, August 13, 21:30 and August 14, 01:30. At about 4:45 P.M. and again at about 8:45 P.M., (71° W Sun time which converts to about 21:30 and 01:30 UTC) catastrophic tsunamis that affected locations throughout the Pacific Basin were generated at Arica, near the coast of southern Peru (now Chile). Waves from the first (magnitude 8.5) event arrived at the Hawaiian Islands about 1:00 A.M. local time and from the second at 5:00 A.M. August 14. Following is a list of locations in Hawaii that were affected by the wave. (Soloviev and Go, 1975, p. 74)
Hilo, Hawaii: From 2:00 A.M. (the first tsunami) on the 14th until the 16th of August, the sea was in constant movement. The period was 10 minutes. Judging by a mark left on a coconut tree and by other data, the water rose 1.5 m higher than regular flood tides, but according to Hitchcock (1909) it was 4.5 m above normal low tide. Along the Waiohi River at Waiakea, the water apparently rose higher and washed out a bridge. (Soloviev and Go, 1975, p. 89) Severe damage was reported by Iida et al. (1967), but no detail was given. At Kalapana, Hawaii, waves of 1.2 to 1.8 m flooded eight hectares (20 acres) of dry land. (Pararas-Carayannis and Calebaugh, 1977)
Kahului, Maui: The first oscillations in sea level came at dawn on the 14th and lasted all day. This would probably refer to the second tsunami. The reefs and rocks in the harbor dried up as the water level rose and fell about 3.6 m (range). The maximum oscillations were observed at 7:00 and 11:00 A.M. (Soloviev and Go, 1975, p. 89) Considerable damage is reported by Iida et al. (1967), but no details are given.
Molokai: On the 14th, about 10:00 A.M., the flood tide exceeded the usual tide mark by about 1.2 m. In the next 4 hours the sea rose and fell 12 times. The water rose so high that two houses in Kanaio were flooded, and the inhabitants collected fish in the dry places at ebb tide. The oscillations in level lasted two more days with a gradually increasing period. Note that Pukui, et al. (1974) locate Kanaio on Maui.
Honolulu, Oahu: The local residents at Fisherman's Spit, in the southern part of the city, noticed that the sea rose above its usual tide mark at about 9:00 P.M. on the 13th. The water reached the thresholds, but did not flood any houses. (This seems too early as the waves from the earlier earthquake would be expected about 1:00 or 1:30 A.M. and about 5:00 or 5:30 A.M.) At about midnight the residents were awakened by a terrible roar produced by the retreating Ocean passing over the reefs. The sea continued to rise and fall from the first tsunami. About 7:00 A.M. on the 14th a strong ebb tide was observed in which the water level fell 1.1 m from its highest position probably from the second tsunami. Then the ocean fell and rose every 15 to 20 minutes. At 2:35 P.M. the greatest rise, 1.6 m above the highest high tide mark, occurred. During the rise, water flowed into the harbor through the channel entrance with great velocity, and rapids formed at the embankment in the northern part of the harbor.
In Waimea Bay on the southwest coast of Kauai Island. on the 14th between 10:00 A.M. and 400 P.M., the sea rose and fell about 1.8 m (range). (Soloviev and Go, 1975, p. 74, 89, 90)
Many sources (Cox and Pararas-Carayannis (1976), Pararas-Carayannis and Calebaugh (1977). Iida et al. (1967), Lockridge (1985) quote 16:45 origin time as UTC, but this is the local time. Rear Admiral L.G. Billings, commander of the U.S.S. Wateree, reports the first shock at "about 4:00 P.M." A tsunami sank the United States store ship Fredonia and others in the harbor shortly thereafter. At about 8:30 P.M. huge waves carried the Wateree, a flat-bottomed vessel, some 0.4 km inland according to Cox and Pararas-Carayannis, (1976). Billings (1915) reported that the ship had been carried 2 miles (3.2 km) inland but this is an exaggeration.
From United States Tsunamis (including United States possessions) 1690-1988, Publication 41-2, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Lander, James F., and Lockridge, Patricia A., 1989.
August 8, 1868. This tsunami followed an earthquake which devastated Arica - then in Peru, but now, after settlement of a long-standing boundary dispute, in Chile. Practically the whole Pacific Ocean was disturbed. The waves were damaging at Hawaii, and high in the region of New Zealand; on the Japanese coast they caused considerable alarm. At Arica the ocean was greatly disturbed and retired, coming back in a succession of waves. The greatest wave came in about 4 hours after the earthquake, wrecking most of the ships in the harbor, overwhelming the city, and rising to a height of at least 47 feet. The U.S. gunboat Wateree was carried 3 miles up the coast and 2 miles inland, to within 200 feet of a sheer cliff; here it rested safely on its flat bottom, but it had to be abandoned. An officer of the Wateree, L.G. Billings, who later became a rear admiral, in 1915 published a horrifying account of this experience.
Abridged from Richter, Charles F., 1958, Elementary seismology: San Francisco, W.H. Freeman and Company, 768 p. | <urn:uuid:4693d828-ef9c-42c2-b5c5-7c4a39c735ca> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/events/1868_08_13.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00088-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955887 | 2,369 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Parashat “B’Shalach”: The weekly report of Rabbis for Human Rights
In the political arena the government is increasing home demolitions in Um El Kheir, Anata, Jahalin, and in Silwan. In the social area, the coalition for attainable housing reveals that the government’s plans for public housing do not bring solutions to all the homeless. We try to expand the borders of justice so it will contain the political and the social areas. Please send an e-mail and save the Jahalin Bedouin from eviction to the dump. Shabbat Shalom.
In Parashat ‘B’Shalach’ Rabbi Dalia Marx investigates the prophetess Miriam. On one hand Miriam appears in the Bible as a prophetess more times then other women’s names in the Bible. On the other hand we know very little about her. Miriam’s singing, says Rabbi Marx, transforms Miriam into a prophetess.
We need volunteers:
- On the morning of Wednesday 1st February there will be a modest planting of some 50 trees at the school of Jabel of the Jahalin Bedouin. As you all know the Bedouin are lately under a threat of eviction and we are doing this as an act of solidarity with them.
- On the morning of Wednesday 8th – To plant a prayer – Tu Beshvat event – We are happy to invite you to the planting event that will take place in the village of El Jenia. We want to plant 200 trees to replace trees that where uprooted during the last year.
Here are pictures of the home demolitions in Anata, and Rabbi Arik Acherman brings good news from Anata Sheikh Jarrah Solidarity updated us on security forces closing a children’s football club and offices of a kindergarten in Silwan. Apparently, the government of Israel does not want the children of Silwan to have institutions where they can learn and play. While the State of Israel sends (January 25th) bulldozers to demolish a shack in Um El Kheir where a widow and her 9 children lived, it builds an extension of the settlement Karmel built on Um El Kheir’s lands. Last week Muhamed’s home was damaged. Muhamed lives between the settlements Maaleh Levonah and Givat Haroeh.
On Thursday was, in front the government’s offices in Beer Sheva, a demonstration against Praver plan. On Friday Sheich Jarrah Solidarity held a demonstration that included help to Isawia residents. During the demonstration Rabbi Arik Ascheman participated in the local planting event. On Sunday we participated in a demonstration in front KKL/JNF offices in Jerusalem against the eviction of El-Arakib residents and planting trees on their land Last week we joined the coalition for attainable housing and sent the members of the reform and planning committee a letter. We also demonstrated on Tuesday outside of the Knesset during the discussions on public housing. This is how we learned about “A” who came to our rights center in Hadera. Congratulate Uri Avneri and Hagit Ofran for receiving the Leibovitz prize.
The Huffington Post published a very good article written by Moriel Rothman about the “National Park” campaign. Rabbi Gideon Sylvester, Director of Rabbis for Human Rights’ Human Rights Yeshiva, writes about racism and intolerance in Israel. “…One [soldier] yelled at Rabbi Arik Ascherman from Rabbis for Human Rights to take of his skullcap because “he was a disgrace to Judaism.” But it was the women who received the most violent verbal abuse, in addition to physical. “May the Arabs here rape you!” one soldier yelled at an activist….” (Activists resisting home demolitions face ‘IDF Price Tag’ attack, +972mag, Jeff Helper). Pharaoh and Free Will by Rabbi Barry Leff.
Updates (we are not responsible for the contents):
972MAG: Some 100 demonstrators gathered at the Jewish National Fund headquarters in Jerusalem on Sunday to protest afforestation plans in the Negev in southern Israel, which will result in the displacement of Bedouin families presently residing there (Video).
Hamaabara: What is social justice and what makes a nation by Viki Vaanunu
CNN: Footage of the demolition of Al_Hadidiya filmed by our Jordan Valley fieldworker and an interview with Jessica Montell
Activestills: Protest action in front of the house of Yaakov Brosh, director of ‘Amidar’, Reut, Israel, 26.01.2012
ICAHD: Jeff & Maxwell Gaylord, UN Humanitarian Coordinator, at site of demolished homes in Anata, the West Bank, Palestine
A.I.C: Jerusalem January 29, 2012: Al Arakib protest eviction in front of JNF offices (video) | <urn:uuid:d2b7816c-ada0-403e-9c8c-2e8fa3d34055> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://rhr.org.il/eng/2012/01/stop-the-eviction-of-the-jahalin-bedouin-to-the-dump-parashat-bshalach-weekly-commentary-by-rabbis-for-human-rights/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718285.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00107-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935533 | 1,055 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Ride-sharing services have been battling city and state taxi commissions for the right to operate, but in the case of Lyft and Uber, they are also battling each other.
The app-based car services have been locked in a feud since early this month, when Uber forbid drivers from working with another company, specifically competitor Lyft (pictured).
According to CNNMoney, Uber told drivers that regulators like the New York Taxi and Limousine Commission prohibit them from working with other ride-sharing services. But the TLC said that's not true, adding that many drivers participate in multiple taxi services to earn as much money as possible.
But Uber reportedly took it one step further. Data provided to CNN by Lyft shows that 177 Uber employees ordered and then canceled more than 5,000 rides around the country. The tactic essentially stalls Lyft drivers, forcing customers to turn to other services, like Uber. Those who don't cancel the rides often take short, low-profit trips, during which they pitch Lyft drivers on the benefits of Uber, CNN reported.
In a statement provided to the New York Times, however, Uber suggested that Lyft was sabotaging itself so that Uber would acquire it. "A number of Lyft investors have recently been pushing Uber to acquire Lyft," Uber told the paper. "One of their largest shareholders recently warned that Lyft would 'go nuclear' if we do not acquire them."
Lyft responded in a statement provided to PCMag, saying that, "Once again Uber is deceiving the public, now with false allegations and an attempt to deflect from their illegal cancel campaign."
"Our 'nuclear' strategy is continuing to take market share with 30% month-over-month growth, while building the strongest community of drivers and passengers," Erin Simpson, director of communications at Lyft, said.
Uber did not immediately respond to PCMag's request for comment.
This isn't the first time Uber has been accused of playing dirty: The news site previously reported 100-plus canceled ride requests in three days via the Gett taxi app.
The battle comes as both ride-sharing services recently unveiled new carpooling options: UberPool versus Lyft Line. Each provides users with shared rides along shared routes at a discounted price.
Editor's Note: This story was updated at 12:35 p.m. Eastern with comment from Lyft. | <urn:uuid:797c2c4a-2680-48af-b678-7c9187b7c03a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2462413,00.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00221-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971343 | 477 | 1.65625 | 2 |
When starting with automation testing, one might notice the endless possibilities to choose from: different approaches, techniques, frameworks, tools and of course ways of code writing. At times, such variety could turn the process into a problem instead of a solution. In order to avoid this and to keep automation testing as simple as it can be, here are 14 eye-opening test automation best practices to follow out of my own personal experience (the first 5 are generic test automation best practices for UI, API or any other kind of test automation, and the rest are 9 test automation best practices, you can apply in UI automation).
14 Test Automation Best Practices
- Generic Test Automation Best Practices for UI, API or any other kind of test automation
- Test Automation Best Practices Specifically for UI Automation
- Assert vs. Verify (Using Junit or TestNG)
- Web Elements Location Strategy (e.g. Using Selenium)
- Don’t Use a Specific Driver
- Taking Screenshots and Logs from HTML Sources
- Making Your Own Set of Methods (Wrapping Selenium Calls)
- UI Mapping
- Test Design Pattern or Page Object Designer Pattern
- Data Driven Testing
- All Test classes should have the same name of the class that will be checked followed by the “test” word.
- Such as this: ClassNameToBeCheckedTest;
- All Test classes should be saved inside a folder called “test” and it MUST be a kind of mirror of the source folder, meaning it will follow the same structure of the main project folder, but it will only contain tests; For example:
- Main source folder = Project A > Sanity > src > main > java
- Main test folder = Project A > Sanity > src > test > java
- Any kind of setup should be done by the @Before method, or some similar annotations. So the framework being used will know these actions need to be executed before performing the automated tests.
- Information examples: type of browser, which URL should be opened, which timeout should be respected, should the browser be maximized or not and so on.
- With Test Data Builder, all of the data you will need to create and manage during your tests, can be created in a separated class to be reused in the future.
- For example: product’s creation with size, price, market etc.
When following test automation best practices, one should understand fully what test cases to actually automate. Although it depends on the kind of test automation project you’re working on, these are general guidelines to follow:
- Visual Regression Testing: all possible visual scenarios related to CSS or not, such as layout structure (size and position), colors, font size, etc.
- Static Content: checking title, policy terms, logo and other types which rarely change.
- Links: the most important links to check are broken and redirection links.
- Form Fields: test input and returned data, fields rules (number of characters or right type of characters) submit/cancel operations, text fields, drop down, check boxes (*Note: pay attention, because usually it involves multiple pages).
- Multiples Pages: using form fields, such as, submit/cancel buttons, or next/back steps, involves multiple pages/tabs and the data consistence in between them should be checked.
- Data Integrity: the data added is stored correctly in the data base, the data returned is the right one. For example: fill up the zip code and the address will be filled automatically, or if you have a product list in a dropdown element and two more fields related to this dropdown, such as size and color. As soon as you select the product in the first dropdown, the rest should be reloaded only with the related size and color.
- Session and Basic Security: the user session is expiring respecting the correct amount of time, the browser back button can’t access the previous restricted page, or the password, login, credit card fields are under https and restricted fields? My intention is not penetration testing or any other fancy security testing here. But, only checking if the expiration time session defined in the cookie is being respected, or if the browser back button being blocked in pages that it should not be?
- Dynamic Elements and Ajax: pages that are generated with different tag IDs, names or values given by the server. Probably are page results based on user action and the ajax inside the pages. Meaning, these small parts are updated without reloading the page.
- Asserts: will break the test and give an immediate response, as soon as the test fails and will not perform any other action.
- Verify: will continuous your tests, executing the other commands, even with a fail result.
- Deciding which one to use depends on the case.
2. Web Elements Location Strategy (e.g. Using Selenium)
- Id / Name: these parameters are easy, efficient, increase performance and readability.
- XPath: although slow in some browsers, sometimes it’s the only way to get an object. It is also a good option if you need to ensure that some object must appear after another, like div//a;
- Link Text or <a>: efficient, good performance, but take care if the text changes too often.
- Dynamic Elements / AJAX: these elements are generated by the server and, normally, the id/name changes each time the page is opened, so the best way is use the XPATH to map them.
P.S.: Mapping Elements Using Custom Attributes Created by the QA Team
Using IDs or NAME attributes as much as possible should be the reliable and fast way, but it always depends on the developers to insert these attributes in the code and it is known that they forget to use them many, many times. So, why not create a custom attribute and leave it empty to be filled by the QA engineers?
The only thing the development guys should do is refactoring the entire code adding the empty attribute and the test engineer should be able to fill it in his own environment and perform the test. Imagine the custom attribute called “id-for-qa-test”; then the page code should be something as the following:
<html> <div id-for-qa-test="start-date"> <br>Start Date</br> <span>Month</span> <select> <option id-for-qa-test="jan">Jan</option> <option id-for-qa-test="feb">Feb</option> <option id-for-qa-test="mar">Mar</option> </select>
But the idea here is not to have a value defined by the development team. The development team will just add the parameter with empty values (id-for-qa-test=””) and the QA team before running the tests will fill up the parameters with their respective desired values.
The test automation code will use the findElement(By.xpath([contains(@id-for-qa-test, ‘VALUE’)])).
- DON’T use Thread.sleep, because it will add many problems to your test, starting from increasing the run time.
- Wait or FluentWait: You will get more robust, deterministic and in case of element not found, the exception will be clearer.
- You can use something such as: until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable OR wait.until(ExpectedConditions.urlMatches… OR wait.until(ExpectedConditions.titleContains… OR wait.until(ExpectedConditions.urlContains… OR wait.until(ExpectedConditions.titleContains
- Another cool option is using TestProject‘s Adaptive Wait capability that intelligently waits for actions and validations before proceeding with your test.
- Using Parameter notes you can easily handle different browser types and prepare your test for cross-browser and parallel execution.
- Using JUnit you have @RunWith(Parameterized.class) with @Parameters (browser).
- Using TestNG you have @Parameters(“browser”) with XML configuration.
- It will easily help the investigation in case something goes wrong. Basically, you have to create a kind of Watcher/ Listener for your tests.
- In JUnit you can use @Rule.
- In TestNG you can use extends TestListenerAdapter and use a XML configuration <listener> and org.testng.Reporter.log
- This is often used to speed up the code and easily reuse repeatable code pieces, such as: click on this and wait for that. So, just create a method that will click on something and wait for another thing and call this method every time you need this.
- The example above is frequently called “click and wait actions” or the “clickAndWait method”.
- You can improve your Wrapping Selenium calls including many other commands. For example, adding a verification to check if the element is still available before clicking on it and then, wait the page. But be careful, to not include too many Selenium calls at the same methods.
- To map the user interface could be a very efficient way, not only to create and perform automated tests but also to maintain them. You have all the information stored and organized in one place and if anything changes in the front end or HTML or CSS etc., you just need to update one single file. So, you can easily manage your tests.
- You can perform UI mapping in a variety of ways. For instance, creating a class or structure to store the element’s name with its locator / id OR a property file with key/value pairs OR a JASON, YAML and so on.
- It is an object-oriented class that serves as an interface for a page of your AUT.
- It enhances test maintenance and reduces code duplication.
- Page Objects should never make verification or assertions, but there is a single verification which can and should be within the page object. This verification mission is to verify the page, if critical elements on the page were loaded correctly, a good way to do so is checking it in the constructor of the page object. A page object does not necessarily need to represent an entire page, it could be used to represent components on a page.
- To use the same test with different inputs due to test a considerable variety of scenarios without code changing.
- Here is a great tutorial for Data driven testing with TestNG and another tutorial for Data driven testing with Selenium and TestProject.
There you have it! By implementing as many of these test automation best practices as possible, you will immediately notice the positive impact on your automation testing workflow! | <urn:uuid:a4099866-e8a5-4283-8de8-888a063f5d96> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.testproject.io/2017/04/16/test-automation-best-practices/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.858365 | 2,283 | 2.125 | 2 |
A lot of focus has been placed on the UK government over the past few weeks. As the pandemic situation escalates, people have been turning to the Prime Minister and his team to provide the much-needed response. The government has done just that. They have taken unprecedented action to provide Britons with financial and health security: emergency hospitals, food parcels for the vulnerable and making up the lost income for those who cannot work are all actions of social security. They go beyond the welfare and pension system we normally attribute to the term and make one think about the history of social security.
I’m not talking about recent history (the emergence of the modern welfare state following the Beveridge Report in 1942 etc.), but rather very ancient history. I’m talking about around 33,000 years ago. A new study led by anthropological archaeologist Brian Stewart of the University of Michigan has found that hunter-gatherers across southern Africa may have had a social security net held together by ostrich eggshell beads. These intricately crafted beads were excavated from two high-altitude rock shelters in Lesotho. When studied, they were shown to have originated between 100 and 300 kilometres away from the site, suggesting that they had been exchanged between groups of hunter-gatherers across huge distances.
Hunter-gatherers across southern Africa may have had a social security net held together by ostrich eggshell beads
The ostriches, whose eggs had been used to make the beads, lived in dry, flat grasslands, not up the cliffs where they were found by the archaeologists. The beads are extremely long-lasting, shown by being preserved for at least 33,000 years, which would have allowed them to have been passed between many hunter-gatherer groups in the network. Their effectiveness for their purpose also suggests that they were not the first iteration of such a device. Stewart suspects that such systems existed perhaps as long as 200,000 years ago and that ‘people got better at forming and maintaining these networks, hence the development of ostrich eggshell beads’.
So how exactly did the system function? Well, it wasn’t a system like the ones we know today. This is for two reasons. Firstly, there was no standardisation or regularity of the worth or function of the beads. Secondly, and more importantly, there was no state to organise the social security. The way that social security works in modern societies, such as our own, is that we pay the government our taxes and then they redistribute it through spending on healthcare, benefits and pensions, for example. The hunter-gatherer groups did not have such concepts as states or governments and so went without it in their system.
The beads likely helped to foster goodwill between groups to develop a mutual understanding that they would support each other in times of need
Stewart and his team suggest that it was something akin to the hxaro exchange system practised by some modern hunter-gatherers in the Kalahari Desert of southern Africa. In this, members of different groups exchange gifts, including ostrich eggshell beads, to create a network in which people assist each other in times of need. This could be for help in arranging marriages or establishing the expectation of receiving shelter if ever required. Similarly, these beads would likely have been exchanged between groups to create a sense of community between culturally different groups, forming a ‘kind of mutual aid society’.
Whilst the exact function that the beads served is not known (and might never be since gifts given in reply to the beads are not likely to have survived this long), they acted more like a social security net than simply as money. They weren’t for immediately getting something in return when given, probably because there couldn’t be any standardisation of their value. Instead, they likely helped to foster goodwill between groups to develop a mutual understanding that they would support each other in times of need. If this was how such a system worked 33,000 years ago, it gives cause to reflect on a couple of things. Firstly, the instinct to help and cooperate, recognising that people can be unlucky and need support sometimes, has been with humans probably since we first became homo sapiens. Secondly, our system of doing so is infinitely more complex, yet not necessarily more developed. After all, whilst some modern humans need to be forced to pay their taxes, these ones chose to help each other of their own volition.[related_posts_by_tax columns="4" posts_per_page="4" format="thumbnails" image_size="medium" exclude_terms="34573"] | <urn:uuid:1781f736-8973-489a-ab96-74338c6a6721> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theboar.org/2020/04/social-security-hunter-gatherers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.980876 | 949 | 2.25 | 2 |
Search and compare thousands of words and phrases in American Sign Language (ASL). The largest collection online.
How to sign: resources (actual and potential) supplied by nature
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Similiar / Same: natural resources
Within this category: land resources, mineral resources, renewable resource
Upload your sign now.
Add this video to your website by copying the code below. | <urn:uuid:2ea5a281-e4c8-42b5-85ae-d83b2e1d91df> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.signasl.org/sign/natural-resource | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.825599 | 90 | 2.375 | 2 |
The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare publication Child protection in Australia each year reports on child abuse and neglect notifications and substantiations, and the way in which authorities deal with these. In Australia, child protection is the responsibility of community services departments in each state and territory. Following reports of child abuse or neglect (known as notifications), the relevant department launches an investigation. Cases in which abuse or neglect is found to have occurred are known as substantiations, and can lead to an application for a care and protection order before a court. The figure below shows that in 2004-05 Indigenous children in all age groups were much more likely to be the subject of substantiations than non-Indigenous children. The rate of child abuse or neglect substantiations was greatest in the age group 0-4 years for both Indigenous and non-Indigenous children (3,236 and 881 per 100,000, respectively), declining with increased age.
Children who were the subject of abuse or neglect substantiations, by age and Indigenous status, 2004-05, rate per 100,000 [see attached PDF for graph]
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2006. Child protection in Australia 2004-05. Canberra: AIHW (Child welfare series no. 38). | <urn:uuid:f9c93835-aaec-4d27-bb52-26becfe28b75> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aic.gov.au/publications/cfi/cfi128 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.952857 | 252 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Obama Pushes For Longer School Year, Stricter Teaching Standards for U.S. Education System
President Barack Obama pushed for stricter teaching standards and a longer school year to improve the American education system, Bloomberg News reported, citing Obama's appearance on NBC's "Today Show."
U.S. students are hindered by a school year that's about a month shorter than that of other developed countries, Obama said, adding that states must do a better job getting rid of teachers with low ratings. A longer school year and stricter teaching standards would help the U.S. close the gap with other developed countries in math and science education, Bloomberg News added.
Obama has been pushing the U.S. Education Department's $4.35 billion "Race to the Top" program and wants U.S. schools to hire another 10,000 math, engineering, science and technology teachers over the next couple of years.
Such efforts are part of Obama's goal for the U.S. to have the world's highest rate of college graduates by the end of the decade, according to Bloomberg. | <urn:uuid:d7764653-0987-483b-b063-a667722bf805> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.aol.com/article/2010/09/27/obama-pushes-for-longer-school-year-stricter-teaching-standards/19650606/?gen=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00502-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95473 | 222 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Год издания: 2007
Издатель: Cambridge University Press
Количество страниц: 272
В продаже с 18.01.2012
Как только книга English Vocabulary in Use: Pre-Intermediate & Intermediate станет доступна для заказа в одном из интернет-магазинов, Вам на e-mail будет отправлено уведомление.Укажите e-mail для связи:
"English Vocabulary in Use pre-intermediate & intermediate" is primarily designed as a self-study reference and practice text but it can also be used for classroom work. "English Vocabulary in Use pre-intermediate & intermediate": 100 easy-to-use units: vocabulary items are presented and explained on left-hand pages with a range of follow-up activities on right-hand pages, Presents and explains new words in context and shows learners how to use them and how to work out rules for using them. Based on a corpus of real written and spoken language to ensure the vocabulary is relevant and up-to-date. Contains a comprehensive, student-friendly answer key. Includes a detailed index with phonemic transcriptions to help with the pronunciation of difficult vocabulary. This exciting new CD-ROM offers hundreds of new exercises that practise the vocabulary taught in the book. The CD-ROM includes: hundreds of enjoyable exercises. audio recordings for extra listening practice. a create your own test function. a progress check. a built-in dictionary with a personal notes section. Издание на английском языке. | <urn:uuid:7e69b55c-58a8-4a41-880d-acfdeb9fb229> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.knigapoisk.ru/book/195139/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719079.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00035-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.652216 | 482 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Sublette County history: Residents take pride in the past, present and future of beef production
The centennial of Sublette County, as a county unto itself is under way right now, building up to the climax of its 100th year since its official designation.
The story – and history – of what is now called Sublette County began before history that can be seen, with ancient Indian hunting grounds and camps. In the early 1800s, a trickle of fur trappers and traders began gathering each summer for the Green River Rendezvous. Within several decades, the Upper Green and Hoback river basins attracted pioneers, families, soldiers, explorers, both men and women traveling through on their search for land and livelihoods.
Trails led the hopeful west to Oregon and California. In Sublette County, they crossed the New Fork River, where a park, along with county signs, maps and old gravesites marking history byways now commemorate this adventure. Tired travelers dropped out along rivers and springs to set up trading posts and farms, with homesteaders claiming land slowly increasing.
Big Piney, on the flats east of the Wyoming Range, was the first incorporated town. People slowly moved north along the Green River and its tributaries by the end of the 19th century to build many small settlements that grew into towns – or fell as ghost towns.
As less arable land opened in the Upper Green River Valley, some ranchers summered their cattle over the Hoback Rim into what was called the Fall River Basin, now Hoback Basin, ringed by the Wyoming and Gros Ventre ranges.
In the early 20th century, homesteaders in Sublette County struggled to claim their acreage, and after years of enduring the basin’s long, deep winters, most began selling homesteads to ranchers and left to where they came from.
In the Upper Green River Basin, though, more families stayed on and grew their land holdings, hay, some sheep, horses – and of course, cattle.
These establishments are celebrated as centennial ranches, and Sublette County holds more than a dozen multigenerational ranches fed by the Upper Green, New Fork and Hoback rivers. Only one lasted in Hoback Basin, the Campbell Cattle Company, fed from snowfall in the Gros Ventres and headwaters of the Fall, now Hoback, River.
Get to work
Looking forward in time, the settlers in Sublette’s river basins, alpine desert and high mountains found ways to progress and put the land to work for them. Timber, wildlife, rivers, minerals and wind were harnessed and put to work.
Native prairie grasses and mountain meadows fed cattle and horses; as livestock numbers increased, so did the need to store hay against the long, harsh and lonely winters. With the headwaters of the far-reaching Green River in its mountains, the waterway had great value for the people settling here. Ranchers floated timber down and began haying giant meadows along the river to protect themselves against winter.
Cowboys herded cattle previously summered in these meadows higher into the grass-filled meadows of the Wind River Mountains.
The Green River Drift began more than a century ago as a 99-mile stock driveway from ranches near the confluence of the New Fork and Green rivers over the Pinedale Mesa – even during the county’s boom and bust oil and gas developments – to the Cora junction, where cowboys still hold herds in a natural sagebrush corral. It was called the “Drift” because after the cattle moved up to Union Pass and were counted, they were left to graze.
Today, cowboys ride up high, checking and moving them depending on water, forage and injuries. Grizzly bear and wolf conflicts are not uncommon as the predator’s population moves outward from Yellowstone National Park.
The U.S. Forest Service eventually required permits for grazing in the forest, most of which are still in family names of original ranchers, who are members of the Upper Green Grazing Association.
More recently, the apex of this range, the U.S. Forest Service approved its new Upper Green River Rangeland Grazing Plan. Conservation coalitions consistently challenge the agency’s decisions to keep livestock numbers close to its original stocking numbers, citing increasing grizzly bear conflicts and damaged rangeland.
The Upper Green River grazing decision is still tangled in court, according to Pinedale and Big Piney’s district ranger Rob Hoelscher.
Last year, the U.S. Forest Service proposed an additional rangeland expansion by converting previous sheep grazing permits to cattle. This issue is slowly making its way through the federal agency’s process, Hoelscher said.
This October, as always, experienced cows will “drift” back down the wide route to Daniel to be sorted. Those going farther south are sent on their way and the Green River Drift – a “cultural tradition landmark” on the National Register of Historic Places – filling its purpose into its second century.
“It has been an essential corridor between seasonal grazing lands for ranches in the Upper Green River Valley for over 100 years,” Historian, Author and Cora Rancher Ann Noble wrote in the nomination of the Green River Drift. “With 99 miles of trail and spurs, the Drift has been essential to the operation of these ranches in the area.”
Noble continued, “The Drift showcases how a stock drive works and its significance within the ranching industry. It also highlights the relationship between federal agencies and ranchers through the use of public land for grazing. The trail has been continuously used since the 1890s to get cattle from what are now Bureau of Land Management (BLM) allotments at the south end of the trail to the U.S. Forest Service allotments at the north. The Drift crosses BLM-managed property, state of Wyoming property, private property and U.S. Forest Service-managed property. The trail also makes use of some county roads along its path.”
Hard work, hard life
Many settlements sprang up around growing cattle ranches, which boasted blacksmith shops, post offices and dance halls – for those who looked around and decided to stay put. The sense of community, even with many miles between, was of great importance.
Homestead cabins were built, enlarged and rebuilt as people proved up their stakes and started families. Larger ranches meant more labor and called for many skills – from building and fixing fences to breaking and shoeing horses to fixing and running equipment. Although some itinerant cowboys traveled from ranch to ranch, many married and started families.
Ranching families were proud of their successes and often bought out other properties and homesteads to augment their holdings. Some created empires; others failed.
Everyone who stayed in Sublette County learned early on that working toward survival and even a bit extra is the traditional way of life.
Today, as longtime families look back at their pioneer histories, many strands still connect them directly to the forebears a century or more ago. Those everyday lives were fraught with isolation, traditions and self-sufficiency that keep legendary names alive in their stories.
In Sublette County, history – and prehistory – is not kept separate from the present and future. It’s past stories stand as a testament to keeping names, places and customs through the years. Each era is celebrated, from before the white men and women arrived, to trail travelers, homesteaders, oil and gas and ranching.
Joy Ufford is a corresponding writer for the Wyoming Livestock Roundup. Send comments on this article to firstname.lastname@example.org. | <urn:uuid:e5de59ba-f65a-4b60-a300-b292f2b2d34a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wylr.net/2021/10/01/sublette-county-history-residents-take-pride-in-the-past-present-and-future-of-beef-production/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.963848 | 1,621 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Mussel Harvester, Pearl, Illinois Mussels on crowfoot hooks along the bar
Photograph courtesy Marshall County Historical Society.
Many species of mussels or freshwater clams were abundant in the Illinois River at the end of the nineteenth century, when it was discovered they could be used for button making in the new ready-to-wear clothing industry.
The demand for pearl buttons and freshwater pearls was so great between 1900 and 1930 that the Illinois River, the Wabash, and other rivers were fished out. The mussel population is still in recovery from the depletion caused by overfishing and from the pollution added to the Illinois River during the twentieth century.
LayersMenu Error: setMenuStructureFile: /local/WWW/RiverWeb/harvesting/include/harvestmenu.txt is empty. Halted. | <urn:uuid:83f335fb-9383-4313-bae5-5b5c4db17fe2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.museum.state.il.us/RiverWeb/harvesting/harvest/mussels/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.947087 | 176 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Are You Ready For A Dental Emergency?
We know that the very last thing you ever want to think about is your child experiencing a dental emergency. However, the one thing worse than this occurrence is feeling completely unprepared to handle it should it happen to you and your child. The good news here is that getting ready ahead of time (it’s better to be safe than sorry, of course) is very simple. We offer advice that can ensure if the day arrives, you’ll know just how to proceed.
Do You Keep Our Phone Number Close?
Where do you keep emergency contact information? Where do you store most of the pertinent information you keep with you on a daily basis? If it’s a planner, your cell phone, or any other place, make sure you have the following with you at all times: Our practice name, phone number, and address. If you suddenly find yourself in the midst of a dental emergency with your child, getting your little one’s smile safely treated as quickly as possible will be much easier as a result.
Do You Know How To React?
Chances are very good that even if you think you’re prepared, you may still fly into a panic and feel over-the-top worried about your child’s dental emergency. However, it’s still worth having a bit of a talk with yourself now in case an accident ever occurs. Keep this in mind: When your child experiences an unexpected trauma or serious discomfort arises, stay calm. This will help your little one stay calm and feel safe. Then, call us, schedule an emergency visit, and come right in. Remember to take some deep breaths along the way!
Get Ready Ahead Of Time For Dental Emergencies
Ensure you’re ready for a dental emergency in the off chance that one arises with some helpful tips. Schedule a visit with your Dallas, TX children’s dentist, Dr. Marr at Pediatric Dental Care at Casa Linda by calling 214-321-4880. We proudly welcome patients from Dallas, TX, and all surrounding communities, including Casa Linda, Lakewood, Lake Highlands, Forest Hills, East Dallas, Mesquite, Garland, Richardson, and more.filed under: Children's Dental Services, Dental Emergencies | <urn:uuid:24049cb0-a3bc-4673-b31e-c7708fa911ce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pdckids.com/2017/05/23/are-you-ready-for-a-dental-emergency/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.927421 | 477 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Microsoft's 'Gazelle' Browser: More Secure?
A new approach to coding the browser may help Microsoft offer more security than has ever been possible with Internet Explorer.
Microsoft Research, in conjunction with researchers at several prominent technology-oriented universities, has published a thesis on what a new secure Web browser should look like. The paper addresses a number of security issues that have dogged browsers from day one, and gives hints at a possible future direction for Internet Explorer.
The Gazelle Web browser, as it's codenamed, is a "secure web browser constructed as a multi-principal OS," according to the report. It's the outcome of a project under development at Microsoft Research called "MashupOS," which Microsoft has discussed publicly.
In that paper, Microsoft researchers noted that the evolution of the browser "has led to an inadequate security model that forces Web applications to choose between security and interoperation." MashupOS is "a set of abstractions that isolate mutually-untrusting web services within the browser, while allowing safe forms of communication."
The aim of MashupOS is to provide cross-domain protection that prevents code in one domain from compromising the integrity of other domains, controlling the communication lines between domains, and making minimal changes to the existing Web API to maintain backwards compatibility.
The authors noted that no existing browsers have a multi-principal operating system construction that gives the browser exclusive control to manage the protection of all system resources. In other words, browsers use the operating system's kernel.
This article was first published on InternetNews.com. | <urn:uuid:e75083b3-d59f-4df7-a6b6-0ab7bda633b9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.esecurityplanet.com/trends/article.php/3806281/Microsofts-Gazelle-Browser-More-Secure.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00412-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920687 | 324 | 2.4375 | 2 |
After 17 years, Antiques Roadshow is still one of the most popular series on public television. Currently hosted by Mark Wahlberg, the show captivates millions of viewers each week. So what is it that enthralls so many people? The parade of antiquities that marches across their television screen, the stories behind them, and the sometimes astronomical appraisals of what often appears to be just another dusty old knick knack inherited from someone’s deceased relative.
We, The Fortune Hunters
Antiques Roadshow appeals to the fortune hunter in all of us. We may sit on our couches with bags of Fiddle Faddle in our laps, and shake our heads at the line of people in the background, waiting for a chance to have their items looked at by antiques experts. (That line on the TV set is just the tip of the iceberg, by the way. As many as 6,000 people or more typically arrive when Antiques Roadshow comes to towns like Billings, Montana, Jacksonville, Florida or Richmond, Virginia. The line continues off the set and down through the hallway.)
But when the Antiques Roadshow comes to our town, it makes us take a second look at the items in our home. What about that ugly lamp in the corner of the den? “Could it be?” we wonder. Many of us decide it’s worth a trip up to the attic, “Just to have a quick look around.” And pretty soon, if we are fortunate, we are suddenly one of those people, waiting patiently in line to find out if we are holding a valuable piece of history, or just a piece of family memorabilia.
It’s the stories behind the items that have kept us tuning in after all these years. From the dawn of civilization we have been eager to hear stories around campfires, from our childhood beds, at the office water cooler, and in our living rooms. “Tell us a story!” we say. And they do.
Timeless Stories Behind The Treasures
We hear stories about fabulous finds on yard sale tables, secret manuscripts wrapped in moth-eaten linen, letters signed by Confederate generals and presidents and precious vases spirited out of the country across choppy waters in creaky ships filled with immigrants. Stories of plunder, peril and unrequited love. It’s almost better than real life.And then there’s the money. Antiques Roadshow is almost like a daytime game show. Will the contestants walk out with a high valuation or a dud? The suspense is high, except in times when we all recognize the value of that crystal, even if the current owner does not. Most people can spot an iconic Rene Lalique piece a mile away, even from our couch. The sparkle, the clarity, the exquisite design cry out to us as perfection personified. We are still on the edge of our seats. How high will it be? Will the owner be astounded and cry with joy when they find out how much their antique Lalique is worth? Or will they try to maintain their dignity, nodding knowingly as they say, “Well, that’s very interesting.”
Antiques Roadshow exemplifies everything we are truly excited about in life. Passion, treasure and adventure. And that’s worth tuning in for.
- Image source: MyBlogGuest platform
+DJL Lalique is the forum of David Weinstein, a lover of fine wine, fine living and fine antiques. He writes about the artwork of his favorite artist, Rene’ Lalique on his blog. | <urn:uuid:16cd4a6e-f195-49bc-9614-f9523cb3066f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.topinews.com/antiques-roadshow-still-popular-after-17-years/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.947468 | 756 | 1.515625 | 2 |
"Poster Problems"are two-day math lessons designed for diagnostic teaching.
When teachers become skilled at managing the classroom and in providing motivating activities for students, we believe that they should then aspire to reach the next level: diagnostic teaching. In diagnostic teaching, teachers focus thoughtfully on what students do and do not understand and then adjust accordingly.
Mathematics lessons from typical textbooks often are not designed so that the thinking of the students is surfaced and open for teacher analysis in real time. Therefore, we developed a six-phase system to work through an engaging problem over two days. All of the Poster Problems are aligned with the Common Core State Standards in Mathematics.
The 12 problems here are designed to shed light and to contextualize a math topic crucial to the sixth- and seventh-grade levels. The approaches students will use with these problems should vary, ranging from below grade-level mathematics all the way up to grade-level mathematics (or beyond!). This provides teachers an ideal opportunity to link multiple representations as they strategically lead students in discussions about the mathematics.
Project funding provided by The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and S.D. Bechtel Jr. Foundation.
Strategic Education Research Partnership • 1100 Connecticut Ave NW #1310 • Washington, DC 20036
serpinstitute.org • (202) 223-8555 • firstname.lastname@example.org
meet the team! | <urn:uuid:23dccc4c-3bd3-44b3-971b-774345c6c81f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://math.serpmedia.org/poster_problems/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00256-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.926538 | 289 | 3.3125 | 3 |
Family Focus: Laura Alice Kight Likens/Likins
Laura Alice KIGHT (Malinda Jane McRobie, John William, William) was born in 1862 in Maryland. She died of kidney failure 28 Aug 1904 in Mineral County, West Virginia. She is buried in the Kight Cemetery in Claysville, Mineral County, West Virginia.
According to her daughter, Ola, Laura was crippled and walked with a cane. Laura had an illegitimate son before her marriage.
Charles Wilbert KIGHT was born 1 Aug 1882 in Mineral County, West Virginia.
Laura married Henry Grant LIKENS around 1891 in West Virginia. Henry was born 24 Nov 1870 in Antioch, West Virginia. Henry was the son of James LIKENS and Frances McNEMAR. Henry died 6 Apr 1943 in Bayard, West Virginia. He was a farmer.
Laura and Henry had the following children:
Freeda Jane LIKENS was born 13 May 1894 in Mineral County, West Virginia.
Ola Florence LIKENS was born 20 Sep 1895 in Mineral County, West Virginia. [Further notes below.]
Hazel Frances LIKENS was born 28 Apr 1898 in Mineral County, West Virginia.
William Baker LIKENS was born 7 May 1900 in Mineral County, West Virginia.
Sylvia Leanna LIKENS was born 1 Mar 1902 in Mineral County, West Virginia. [Further notes below.]
Joseph Earl LIKENS was born 1 Jul 1904 in Mineral County, West Virginia.
Further information on Ola Florence Likens:
Ola died in Nov 1978 in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania. She was mistakenly reported dead in 1895.
Ola married George W MONTGOMERY in 1913. George was born in 1886 in West Virginia. He was a coal miner. They divorced before 1925. They did not have children.
Ola married Louis Ernest BISHOP in 1926. Louis was born in 8 May 1894 in West Virginia. He was a repairman for the railroad. They divorced before 1952.
Ola and Louis adopted:
Ola married John GRIDLEY in 1952. They did not have children.
Further information on Sylvia Leanna Likens:
Sylvia died 26 Jul 1967 in Cumberland, Allegany County, Maryland. She is buried in Bayard Cemetery in Bayard, Grant County, West Virginia.
Sylvia married William McKinley DUNITHAN 27 Jan 1921 in Cumberland, Allegany County, Maryland. William was born in 1887. He died in 1940 in Bayard, Grant County, West Virginia. Sylvia and William divorced prior to his death. They had no children.
Sylvia married James Albert Clyde CROSBY 5 Oct 1945 in Cumberland, Allegany County, Maryland. James was born 21 Jun 1894 in Bedford County, Pennsylvania. He died 21 May 1958 in Cumberland, Allegany County, Maryland. Sylvia and James had no children.
Notes on Likens/Likins:
Again, my research has shown the last name spelled both Likens and Likins. Records for Laura and Henry seem to favor the ‘Likens’ spelling, while current family members tend to use the spelling ‘Likins.’ I have chosen to stick with the ‘Likens’ spelling, since that is the one used in the majority of my records.
To see photos of members of this family, check out this post.
Death Register for Laura A Likens
Death Register for Henry Grant Likens
Birth Register for Freeda Jane Likens
Birth Register for Ola Florence Likens
Mistaken Death Register for Ollie F Likens
Social Security Death Index for Ola Gridley
World War II Registration for Ernest L Bishop
Birth Register for Hazel Frances Likens
Birth Register for William Baker Likens
Birth Register for Sylvia Leanna Likens
Birth Register for Joseph Earl Likens
Information contributed by Susan Kight Lucas, Debra Kight, and Franklin Bishop. | <urn:uuid:df8422fe-07b2-461d-af62-fb48bae64819> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mcrobiefamilytree.com/?p=137 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00248-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962093 | 854 | 1.867188 | 2 |
The NY Post Cartoon Fails
By now you have seen the infamous cartoon published by the New York Post — the one where upon having shot a rabid chimp, a policeman comments, “They’ll have to find someone else to write the next stimulus bill.” Apparently it was a reference to the recent case of the woman in Connecticut who was attacked by a chimp. It has sparked an outcry among people such as Al Sharpton, accusing the cartoonist of racism.
At best, the cartoon may be suggesting that the stimulus was so poorly written that it could have been done by a monkey. However, the image of a chimp associated with the first African American President’s stimulus plan references the tired and ugly stereotype of blacks being closely related to monkeys. Not to mention that the violence brings to mind police brutality, which is still too common in the black community. (See Oscar Grant)
Apparently the author has a history of producing tasteless cartoons, and while one response could be to sigh and continue on with the day, or brush it off and declare people too sensitive, another response could be to have a conversation about the matter.
First off, I am definitely for free speech. Criticism and debate is vital in a democracy, and no party or institution should be off limits. But there is also the question of taste. If a prominent leader was depicted as decapitated, there would surely be outrage. This cartoon similarly shows disregard for an African American male life Whether the racist inferences were intentional or not, they are still there and still continue to perpetuate damaging ideas within society. Ultimately the cartoon fails to deliver any real satire or witty insight into the stimulus package.
If you would like for the cartoonist Sean Delonas and the New York Post to issue an apology for the cartoon, please sign the citizen petition. | <urn:uuid:5cab01d3-b776-45fa-8a31-34571015f362> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.care2.com/causes/the-ny-post-cartoon.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00184-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971428 | 376 | 1.5625 | 2 |
AStar - 1.1
John Eriksson (wmjoers)
A simple python implementation of the A* (a-star) path finding algorithm. The source contains the algorithm and a simple proof-of-concept example using pygame.
The code only implements support for a plain square map but it should be fairly simple to implement support for any map type. If you have any questions regarding this don't hesitate to ask.
Edit the map by first selecting a tile type. The blocking tiles can not be passed. The walkable tiles has values from 1-4 (also known as move cost) where 1 represents easy terrain (low cost) and 4 is rough terrain (high cost). You can also place the start and ending points. When you are finished editing press the Find path button and the AStar algorithm will try to find the path with the lowest cost. If any path is found it will be displayed with white lines.
Added some very needed optimization and modified the printout in the example to show execution time.
Pygame.org account Comments
If you wish to leave a comment with your pygame.org account, please sign in first. | <urn:uuid:9125968a-c9b9-4d2b-a60a-e258b0d7764b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.pygame.org/project-AStar-195-268.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00145-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.848226 | 240 | 3.125 | 3 |
7. Osmundaceae Berchtold & J. S. Presl
Royal Fern Family
R. David Whetstone
T. A. Atkinson
Plants terrestrial, herbaceous, frequently in clumps. Stems creeping, beset with old petiole bases and black fibrous roots; scales absent; older stems seldom persisting. Leaves monomorphic or dimorphic. Blades 1--2-pinnate (2-pinnatifid); rachises grooved. Pinnae monomorphic or dimorphic. Indument of reddish to light brown hairs. Veins dichotomous, running to margins. Sori absent; sporangia born on slightly modified fertile segments of blades also possessing fully expanded pinnae, or sporangia covering blades lacking green expanded pinnae, clustered in marginal zones, indusia lacking. Spores green, all alike. Gametophytes green, aboveground, obcordate to elongate.
Genera 3, species 16--36 (1 genus with 3 species and 1 hybrid in the flora): nearly worldwide, temperate and tropical regions.
Osmundaceae are considered intermediate in several respects between eusporangiate and leptosporangiate ferns. In the absence of sori, simultaneous maturation of spores, and development of sporangia from several initial cells, they are much like eusporangiate ferns. Their large prothalli with projecting antheridia are similar to those of leptosporangiate ferns.
Bobrov, A.E. 1967. The family Osmundaceae (R.Br.) Kaulf. Its taxonomy and geography. Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 52: 1600--1610. Hewitson,W. 1962. Comparative morphology of the Osmundaceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 49: 57--93. | <urn:uuid:1525edc2-7e7f-4e9b-8936-f4279c1de599> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10642 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00336-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.804551 | 406 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Diverse selfish genetic elements have evolved the ability to manipulate reproduction to increase their transmission, and this can result in highly distorted sex ratios . Indeed, one of the major explanations for why sex determination systems are so dynamic is because they are shaped by ongoing coevolutionary arms races between sex-ratio-distorting elements and the rest of the genome . Here, we use genetic crosses and genome analysis to describe an unusual sex ratio distortion with striking consequences on genome organization in a booklouse species, Liposcelis sp. (Insecta: Psocodea), in which two types of females coexist. Distorter females never produce sons but must mate with males (the sons of nondistorting females) to reproduce . Although they are diploid and express the genes inherited from their fathers in somatic tissues, distorter females only ever transmit genes inherited from their mothers. As a result, distorter females have unusual chimeric genomes, with distorter-restricted chromosomes diverging from their nondistorting counterparts and exhibiting features of a giant non-recombining sex chromosome. The distorter-restricted genome has also acquired a gene from the bacterium Wolbachia, a well-known insect reproductive manipulator; we found that this gene has independently colonized the genomes of two other insect species with unusual reproductive systems, suggesting possible roles in sex ratio distortion in this remarkable genetic system. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Journal: Current biology | <urn:uuid:81858b0d-cd1c-447b-aba6-4983860a137a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pacb.com/publications/genetics-and-genomics-of-an-unusual-selfish-sex-ratio-distortion-in-an-insect/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.913399 | 326 | 2.6875 | 3 |
It's been more than 250 days since Gov. Rick Snyder admitted Flint was lead poisoned through its water pipes, after his appointed emergency managers switched the water source to the contaminated Flint River in order to save some money.
So far, a couple dozen pipes have been replaced. Now Flint doesn't know where it's long term water source will come from, or its permanent back up water source.
Whatever it turns out to be, it's going to cost us at least another $35 to $70 million and according to the state, it could be two-and-a-half years away.
While politicians point fingers, Charlie LeDuff and the Americans head back to Flint for answers. | <urn:uuid:5aeb8dbc-9087-4c78-86f8-f231b2172dca> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.my9nj.com/the-americans-with-charlie-leduff/160683460-story | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00356-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97875 | 141 | 2.25 | 2 |
Definition of quadrennium
: a period of four years
Origin and Etymology of quadrennium
Latin quadriennium, from quadri- + annus year — more at annual
First Known Use: 1754
Learn More about quadrennium
Seen and Heard
What made you want to look up quadrennium? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible). | <urn:uuid:396c9278-8f91-4541-9822-beb4cf6bfde8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/quadrennium | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00361-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.751459 | 92 | 2.453125 | 2 |
GAZA CITY, Gaza Strip — A Gaza cease-fire quickly unraveled Friday as violence erupted in and around the southern town of Rafah, with 35 Palestinians killed by Israeli shelling and the military saying one of its soldiers may have been abducted.
Israel and Hamas accused each other of breaking the cease-fire, which had been announced by the U.S. and the U.N. and took effect at 8 a.m. (0500 GMT) Friday. The fighting broke out less than two hours later.
Gaza health official Ashraf al-Kidra told The Associated Press that in addition to the dead some 200 Palestinians were wounded in the "random" Israeli shelling of the Rafah area in southern Gaza.
He said the death toll could rise as rescue workers continue to search for people buried under the rubble of several apartment blocks hit by shells. He did not say whether the victims were civilians or militants.
The Israeli military meanwhile said one of its soldiers was "feared" abducted, without providing further details, and that Gaza militants had fired eight rockets and mortars at Israel since the cease-fire began, one of which was intercepted.
"Once again, Hamas and the terror organizations in Gaza have blatantly broken the cease-fire to which they committed, this time before the American Secretary of State and the U.N. Secretary General," Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's office said in a statement shortly after the fighting broke out.
Israel launched an aerial campaign against Gaza aimed at halting Palestinian rocket fire on July 8 and later sent in ground troops to target launch sites and tunnels used by Hamas to carry out attacks inside Israel. The war has killed nearly 1,500 Palestinians, mainly civilians, and more than 60 Israelis, nearly all soldiers.
At least four short humanitarian cease-fires have been announced since the conflict began, but each has been broken within a few hours by renewed fighting. Friday's temporary cease-fire was the longest to be announced thus far.
Under the cease-fire, Israeli troops on the ground in Gaza were to continue to destroy tunnels along the heavily guarded frontier, but only those that are behind Israeli defensive lines and lead into Israel.
Netanyahu on Thursday vowed to destroy Hamas' tunnel network "with or without a cease-fire." But military spokesman Moti Almoz told Army Radio on Friday that Israel would not be able to eliminate the tunnel threat "100 percent."
Soon after the cease-fire went into force, Gaza's residents took advantage of the truce to return to their homes, many of which had been destroyed in the fighting. Some arrived on tuk-tuks — three-wheeled taxis — by car or on foot to retrieve their belongings.
Near a main road in in the heavily bombarded Gaza district of Shijaiyah, less than a mile from the Israeli border, residents surveyed extensive damage.
Basem Abul Qumbus returned to find his three-story home -- in which he had invested tens of thousands of dollars -- uninhabitable. Tank shells had punched a hole in the ceiling of one bedroom and a wall had collapsed into the kitchen.
"The work of all those years is gone," he said, as he struggled to salvage flour from bags that had been torn apart by shrapnel. Food supplies are running short in the blockaded coastal territory in the war's fourth week.
Egypt issued a statement early Friday calling on the Western-backed Palestinian Authority and Israel to send negotiation teams to Cairo to discuss "all issues of concern to each party within the framework of the Egyptian initiative."
Egypt had put forth a cease-fire proposal a week after fighting began last month. Israel accepted the proposal, but Hamas, which deeply mistrusts Egypt following last summer's overthrow of an Islamist government in Cairo, rejected it.
Hamas has demanded the lifting of an Israeli and Egyptian border blockade imposed on Gaza in 2007 when the Islamic militant group seized power, as well as the release of Palestinians rounded up in the West Bank in June following the killing of three Israeli teenagers.
In recent weeks Turkey and Qatar, which have warmer ties to Hamas but are at odds with Egypt, have tried to help broker a cease-fire agreement, with no results.
It's not clear whether other nations will attend the Egypt talks, and aides to Kerry said Egypt will ultimately decide who will participate. A Hamas official in Qatar said Hamas and Islamic Jihad officials would be participating. Israel will not meet directly with members of either group because it considers them terrorist organizations.
Hours before the cease-fire was to take effect, 17 Palestinians were killed in Israeli strikes, including 10 from the same family, according to al-Kidra, the Health Ministry official in Gaza. He said the family members were killed in an airstrike on their home in the southern Gaza town of Khan Younis.
Israel's military said five of its soldiers were killed along the Gaza border Thursday evening by a mortar round.
At least 1,496 Palestinians, mainly civilians, have been killed since hostilities began July 8, according to Palestinian officials. Israel says 61 of its soldiers and three civilians in Israel have been killed.
Hours ahead of the cease-fire, Gaza police reported heavy Israeli tank shelling in northern and eastern Gaza, and the loud exchange of fire with militants could be heard across Gaza City. Tank shells slammed into the city itself, setting homes and shops ablaze.
Hamas fighters hit an Israeli tank with an anti-tank missile, Gaza police said. The militants then attacked Israeli troops who came to evacuate the tank crew. Clashes continued into the early morning hours, police said.
The Israeli military said it was looking into the matter.
Israeli police meanwhile warned residents to stay away from Israeli communities near the Gaza border during the cease-fire, saying the area remains "a war zone."
"We ask the public to heed the orders of the police and army and not to go to the Gaza Strip border area, it is a threat to your life!!!" the police said in a statement.
Police said Palestinians clashed with Israeli security forces in a number of neighborhoods in east Jerusalem, and that Israelis attacked an empty bus. Police also restricted the entry of worshippers to a key Muslim holy site in the city to prevent disturbances. | <urn:uuid:16d61b12-502f-457c-965a-88e6da1ef6f9> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.pennlive.com/nation-world/2014/08/gaza_cease_fire_lasts_less_tha.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719843.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00291-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977886 | 1,271 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Dive deeper into the journeys of a few Unlock Your Performance students as they share their path to success...
Pedal steel guitarist – playing in bands alongside working a full-time job. He’d lost the joy that he used to get from playing gigs… but was able to find it again when he started working on his inner game.
Drummer and teacher whose love of music was spoiled by intense self-criticism when he performed for others. Working on his limiting beliefs freed him up to get a whole lot more joy from playing music.
Jazz saxophonist who was frustrated by inconsistent performances. Simply doing more technical practice didn't help, but he found that training his mind allowed him to stop fighting himself and play the music he'd been dreaming of.
Operatic tenor whose confidence had been shattered by a serious memory slip in a past performance. He rebuilt his self-belief and returned to the same venue to overwrite the old memories of failure.
Jazz and blues guitarist – playing regular gigs. He was happy with how he played in practice but never managed to hit the same levels in performance… until he started deliberately training his mind. | <urn:uuid:f9367d1e-f1c1-4690-a812-5de5950b6094> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://playinthezone.com/case-studies-uyp/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.991463 | 240 | 1.929688 | 2 |
JoyTunes is a company that has built two neat iPad apps to help students learn to play the piano and the recorder. The apps are games that require you to play the correct notes on your recorder or piano. When you play the correct notes you can move forward in the game. The notes that are you play are picked up by the microphone on your iPad. The piano version of the app is available here. The recorder version of the app is available here.
Playing the Joy Tunes games could be a good break from traditional music practice activities. I wouldn’t replace practicing scales and other time-tested methods with playing these games, but playing the games could throw a new fun element into practice. | <urn:uuid:665730a4-d76e-49e1-866e-ac685f91831b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ipadapps4school.com/learn-to-play-the-piano-with-your-ipad/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.965364 | 143 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Virginia sues West Virginia
This December 1866 subpoena ordered representatives of the State of West Virginia to appear before the Supreme Court in a post-Civil War jurisdictional dispute between Virginia and West Virginia. Virginia sought to reclaim Berkeley and Jefferson Counties from West Virginia. The Supreme Court rejected Virginia’s claims in 1871.
National Archives, Records of the Supreme Court of the United States | <urn:uuid:a8c54795-7993-441e-a103-cdb68522e771> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://digitalvaults.org/record/1714.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00491-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.866456 | 79 | 2.34375 | 2 |
The Obama administration now seems likely to approve a military strike against Syria in retaliation for its use of chemical weapons. Why is the administration so bent on intervention ? Isn’t it violating international law ? What will be the likely impact of an attack ? Will it plunge the United States into another war in the Middle East ? Or will it have no effect whatsoever on the carnage ? Should the U.S. go further and ensure a rebel victory by crippling Bashar al Assad’s regime ? Or should it stand back and watch the two sides destroy each other and the county ?
What is happening in Syria’s civil war ?
In March 2011, Syrians, inspired by the Arab Spring in Egypt and Tunisia, took to the streets in Damascus and Daraa to demand political reforms. As the demonstrations continued and grew, the government of Bashar al Assad responded with guns and tanks. By July, Assad’s forces had killed some 3,000 demonstrators, and what had begun as a movement for reform became an armed revolt aimed at toppling Assad. The Free Syrian Army was led by defectors from the Syrian Army and was backed by Turkey, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia. But even as defections from the Assad regime mounted, the rebels were not able to win a quick victory over Assad, who could rely on an army drawn from his own minority Alawite community, which makes up about 15 percent of Syria, and on support from Iran, Russia, and Lebanon’s Hezbollah.
As the battle stalemated, foreign Islamists, many of them loyal to al Qaeda, began to pour into Syria late last year to join the battle against Assad. By this Spring, theyconstituted a more effective fighting force than the Free Syrian Army. Politically, the opposition became splintered into a largely dysfunctional Syrian National Coalition, which compromised the more moderate elements of the Free Syrian Army, and hundreds of Islamist groups, who lack any unified leadership or common objectives, but who have a base among Syria’s Sunnis, who make up 60 percent of the population.
To some extent, the war has degenerated into what Brookings political scientist Kenneth Pollack calls an “intercommunal conflict” pitting Assad’s Alawite minority, which enjoys the support of the Kurds and other minority groups, against Syria’s Sunni majority. The two sides control roughly equal parts of the country. Assad enjoys an advantage from his air force and more trained military and the rebels from their larger population base. Assad, who has shown a willingness to destroy his own country in order to maintain power, represents the greater evil, but from the standpoint of the United States, the rebels are by no means a viable or desirable alternative.
Why is the United States considering intervention ?
In February 2010, the Obama administration signaled a thaw in U.S.-Syrian relations by nominating Richard Ford to be the first ambassador to Syria. The Bush administration had withdrawn the United States ambassador in 2005. But as the Syrian regime stepped up its violent repression of demonstrators in mid-2011, Obama backed sanctions on Syria and in August 2011 called for Assad to step down. Yet, as conflict became a civil war, Obama, fearful of being drawn into another Middle Eastern war, refused weapons and extended only the most limited military training to the Free Syrian Army. In June 2012, Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta declared, "We made a decision not to provide lethal assistance at this point … If we don’t get this done in a responsible way, there’s a real danger that the situation there could deteriorate into a terrible civil war." Of course, the conflict did deteriorate into a terrible war—one in which the United States then became reluctant to arm a rebel force increasingly dominated by Islamist factions.
Obama did warn Assad in August 2012 and again in December that if he used chemical weapons, he would be crossing a “red line,” and beginning early in 2013, there were repeated reports that Assad’s forces had been using these weapons. In April, Great Britain, France, and Israel each charged that Assad had used chemical weapons, and in June, the Obama administration said it had confirmed that the Assad regime had killed 100 to 150 people from chemical weapon attacks around Aleppo. The administration announced that in response, it would now be giving some military aid to the rebels, but the House and Senate Intelligence Committees, worried about funding the Islamists, joined forces to set conditions on aid that were tantamount to blocking it.
On August 21, reports surfaced that the Assad regime had launched a massive poisonous gas attack against civilians in the rebel-controlled suburbs of Damascus. Doctors with Borders estimates at least 300 dead from the attack and 3,000 affected. The Russians initially denied that any attack took place and the Syrian government blamed the rebels for the attack, but the U.S., Britain, France, Israel, Turkey, and the Arab League countries put the blame squarely on Assad. Some policy experts have insisted that Assad could not have used chemical weapons, because he had no interest in doing so. He would just offend the United States and could kill as many civilians with normal explosive. But those who believe it was Assad and not the rebels point out that the Assad government actually possesses chemical weapons, has always claimed to secure them against theft, and has the ability to use them, which the rebels don’t. Assad might have also believed that with the tepid American response to the Aleppo killings, he could get away with a tactic that would terrorize the rebels’ civilian supporters.
If Obama does order a military strike against Assad, it will be a departure from his response to the first reports of Syrian chemical attacks. Then he had promised to up his support for the rebels. But now Obama seems intent on punishing Assad for using chemical weapons without directly aided the rebels. Obama has stated that hewants to reinforce an international norm against the use of chemical weapons–not only in order to deter Assad from using them again, but to deter future governments that want to attack their own people or other nations. The administration is also clearly worried about its own credibility in foreign affairs. That’s not merely a matter of public relations, but of being able to influence what happens in the world.
Would Obama be justified in attacking Syria ?
Some policy experts believe that the U.S., even with allied support, should not attack Syria without authorization from the U.N. Security Council. Insofar as the Russians and most likely the Chinese are sure to veto any resolution calling for reprisals against Syria, these experts are, in effect, saying that the U.S. should not attack Syria. If, lacking Security Council authorization, the Obama administration were to make a legal case for intervention, it would rest on enforcing the 1925 Geneva Protocol banning the use of chemical or biological weapons. That protocol was designed to prevent the use of weapons whose principal purpose was to terrorize civilians, which is exactly how the Assad government appears to have used its chemical weapons. Obama could also cite a United Nations initiative, adopted in 2005, establishing that a state has a “responsibility to protect” its citizens from genocide and other crimes against humanity. Assad’s war crimes don’t so much amount to genocide as patria-cide, a willingness to destroy his own country.
Does abiding by the Security Council takes precedence over supporting these other norms ? That represents a highly idealized view of how the Security Council has functioned. When Franklin Roosevelt first conceived the United Nations, he thought of the security council as a kind of extension of the wartime allied alliance in which the great powers, united among themselves, would prevent lesser nations from getting into trouble. But the Cold War undermined that original conception of the Security Council, and it has had a tattered record in preventing war. There are good reasons for the United States not to act alone in enforcing the 1925 Protocol, but there are also reasons why it should ignore the need for Security Council approval.
What kind of attack could the U.S. make against Syria ?
According to military experts, the United States is most likely to launch a limited punitive strike against the Assad regime. It would involve shooting Tomahawk Land-Attack Missiles from ships that are stationed in the Mediterranean. The attack would not involve sending airplanes that would violate Syrian airspace and be vulnerable to Syria’s reputedly formidable air-defense systems. And the ships are sufficiently offshore to resist attack from the Syrians. According to defense analysis Anthony Cordesman, the targets could include “Assad’s palace in Damascus, the headquarters of Syrian intelligence and the secret police, Syrian and Al Quds bases and training centers for the Assad militias, and the mix of air bases and ground support facilities that do most to support Syrian military operations.”
The targets are not likely to include chemical weapons depots. Hitting them with missiles could set off clouds of poison gas. To destroy these depots, the United States and its allies would have to launch a ground attack that would seize these depots. The Obama administration will not authorize ground forces in Syria. The administration is also unlikely to authorize a no-fly zone in Syria. That would require a sustained military effort over days, weeks, and months that would be very expensive, involve casualties, and bring the United States squarely into the war on the side of the rebels. Obama is clearly unwilling to do that.
What will be the likely effect of an American-led attack ?
Some analysts don’t think a strike will deter Assad. Retired Major General Paul Eaton, an advisor to the National Security Network, told me that “if Assad or rogue elements have decided to use chemical weapons in the face of very strong international condemnation, an attack is not going to be an deterrent.” That may be true, but Assad may have also assumed that the United States, which had not responded strongly before, would once again back off. If that were Assad’s reasoning, serious retaliation could deter him, and could also send a signal to other rogue governments.
Some analysts also fear that an American-led attack could harden opposition to any settlement from Syria’s allies in Russia and Iran and make them eager to defy the United States. An attack could make “the Russians more recalcitrant,” writes Rami Khouri of Harvard’s Middle East Initiative. That could be, but Dmitri Simes of the Center for the National Interest thinks “Russian would stay on the sidelines” if the United States attacked Syria. Eaton thinks that the Russians, seeing an American willingness to use force in Syria, might even become more amenable to urging Assad to negotiate with the rebels. Iran’s response to an American attack is equally uncertain. Will an American attack make the new Iranian government less amenable to negotiations over its nuclear future, or will it, by demonstrating American resolve over the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, make it more likely to seek an agreement ?
Should the United States intervene more forcefully ?
Charles Krauthammer and other neo-conservatives have urged Obama to help the rebels win by establishing a no-fly zone over Syria. Krauthammer, citing Israel’s “successful strikes around Damascus,” thinks establishing a no-fly zone would be relatively costless. Military experts like Eaton disagree. But the underlying argument is not over military tactics, but over how, and to what extent, the United States should involve itself in Syria’s civil, or intercommunal, war. As late as a year ago, a policy expert could have argued that by throwing its weight behind the Syrian Free Army, the Obama administration could have encouraged Assad’s fall and his replacement by a moderate regime. But that option no longer seems to exist.
In a letter to Congressman Eliot Engel, General Martin Dempsey, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, summed up the problem. The U.S., Dempsey assured Engel, could “destroy the Syrian Air Force.” But he warned that “the use of U.S. military force can change the military balance, but it cannot resolve the underlying and historic ethnic, religious and tribal issues that are fueling this conflict. Syria today is not about choosing between two sides, but rather about choosing one among many sides. It is my belief that the side we choose must be ready to promote their interests and ours when the balance shifts in their favor. Today, they are not.”
Could the U.S. ensure that one of the sides is ready to promote our interests rather than those of, say, al Qaeda in Iraq ? That would, of course, involve the United States not just in intervening militarily but in trying to set the political agenda of another country in the Middle East. That’s one thing that the Obama administration, having already withdrawn American forces from Iraq and Afghanistan, is unwilling to undertake. And for good reason. | <urn:uuid:c1b79f4a-99ee-4d76-9396-71b49b8bdd72> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.boulevard-exterieur.com/Not-Sure-How-to-Feel-About-Syria-Six-key-questions-before-an-intervention.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.967942 | 2,654 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Are you an NMK parent? An NMK parent is one who is knowingly or unknowingly infected with the NMK virus, otherwise known as the “Not My Kid” virus.
Few of us can imagine the possibility that our child could be like “those other” kids online — you know the ones that open private accounts, get casual with personal information, or engage in sexting.
Nope, not my kid. Even so, our fears don’t stand a chance against reality which is, according to several studies, that teen sexting happens far more than parents might think.
As parents, it’s important to lead our kids from a position of reality. So, while it’s probable your child isn’t sexting, it’s possible that at some point they might or, at least, be tempted.
So here’s your reality check going into 2016: A) You are the parent, that’s a powerful, sacred title B) You pay the cell phone bills and own the phone and C) you are responsible legally (as well as socially and emotionally) for your child’s safety. If fear is keeping you from monitoring your minor son or daughter’s cell phone, the consequences of that decision are also on you.
But isn’t that in invasion of their privacy? many parents ask. Remind them of the points mentioned and let your kids know that privacy and safety are not one in the same. Reality checks are good for kids as well as parents.
Here are three signs your teen may be sexting and what can you do about it:
- They become overly protective of their cell phones to the point of grabbing it away from you or sleeping with it under their pillow.
- They insist on texting with friends from a private place or turn their back to read or send a text when someone comes near.
- They become uncomfortable, angry, or defensive when you question them about their secretive phone use.
- Grades change. Grades may drop as risky behaviors edge out day to day responsibilities.
- Friend changes. If you check your child’s social accounts and notice an increase in flirty photos and language, or friends who do the same, it could be a sign of risky digital behavior.
Trust your instincts. If you suspect your teen may be sexting, you are probably on to something. As you know full well, a parent’s intuition is one of the most powerful tools in your arsenal. Do not deny your suspicions—bring them out into the open and deal with the issues.
Review their texts. That’s right. Ask your kids for their phones and review their texts. While you are at it, review their email and Facebook messages too. Some teens—and even parents—may cry “privacy violation” at this point but teaching mobile responsibility is a serious thing. The consequences of sexting can range from trauma, to criminal charges, reputation damage, even suicide if a sexting situation gets out of control. Remind your teen that nothing sent digitally is in your control and keep in mind that hormones and teenage judgment are not sound tools
Consistent monitoring. You first line of defense as a parent is a good offense and that is established and maintained with through excellent communication. The greater the communication and trust, the more you know as a parent. Talk about mobile responsibility and expectations, time limits (no late night texting), and why monitoring is part of your teen owning a phone. Be sure to put consequences on the table before a situation arises.
SnapChat monitoring. With SnapChat’s disappearing content feature, kids may think it’s okay to send a racy picture. However, there is one way to monitor even SnapChat. According to CNN, there’s an incognito, albeit pricey, software that will help you monitor your child’s SnapChat activity.
Shut it down. If you find that sexting is an issue, follow through on your set consequences. Remind your child that sexting under the age of 18 is considered child pornography. Also, if the issue continues, call your cell provider and have texting capabilities blocked from your child’s phone.
Follow us to stay updated on all things McAfee and on top of the latest consumer and mobile security threats. | <urn:uuid:f14129ad-74ad-4dbc-ac6a-c84c52530ff8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mcafee.com/blogs/family-safety/5-overlooked-signs-your-teen-may-be-sexting/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.942951 | 914 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Herbalist Certification in Oklahoma - OK
In Oklahoma, organizations like the Oklahoma Health Freedom Action Network are working hard to ensure that patients have ultimate control over their own personal healthcare. A primary goal of this group is to expand the access of holistic and natural therapy practitioners to all residents in Oklahoma, essentially giving Oklahomans more control over their individual healthcare options. With the mission statement that whoever controls individual healthcare decisions controls individual liberty, the Oklahoma Health Freedom Action Network has been instrumental in expanding the herbalism profession in Oklahoma.
It is important to understand that herbal certification in Oklahoma is not mandatory, nor is licensure, but it is equally important to understand how certification can help you develop a trusted, reputable professional image. Non-profits organizations like the National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (NCCAOM) help maintain standards for the profession by allowing testing for the Chinese herbology certification.
Similarly, the American Herbalist Guild offers a professional designation as well for herbalists in Oklahoma. Their designation of registered herbalist (RH), however, is only available to practitioners with a minimum of 4 years of clinical experience. While this may not be an option for practitioners new to herbology, it is a good option for career enhancement. | <urn:uuid:10cc57f1-100e-40d8-a534-4fa6a816c88c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.alliedhealthworld.com/herbalist-certification-in-oklahoma.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00472-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.912537 | 252 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Near Farmville in Prince Edward County, Virginia — The American South (Mid-Atlantic)
About Hampden-Sydney College
The original buildings, none of which remain, were replaced in the 1830s by Cushing Hall. The elevated location of Cushing Hall on a hill south of the original campus is the origin of the designation of the Hampden-Sydney campus as “The Hill.”
Patrick Henry and James Madison (4th President of the United States) were on the first Board of Trustees. The original charter of the College, granted by the Virginia General Assembly in 1783, is the oldest private charter in the South.
William Henry Harrison, General of the Army, Governor of the Indiana Territory, and 9th President of the United States, was a member of the Class of 1791.
Hampden-Sydney’s heritage is deeply rooted in both Colonial America and the Presbyterian Church. The College was formally organized in February 1775, when the Presbytery of Hanover, meeting at Nathaniel Venable’s office at his Slate Hill plantation nearby accepted a gift of one hundred acres for the campus, elected Trustees, and elected Samuel
President Smith (Princeton Class of 1769) chose the name Hampden-Sydney to symbolize his devotion to civil and religious freedom which John Hampden (1594-1643) and Algernon Sydney (1622-1683) had supported, and for which they had given their lives, in England’s two great constitutional crises of the seventeenth century. Widely recognized as hero-martyrs by American colonial patriots, their names immediately associated the College with the cause of independence.
Hampden-Sydney is a liberal arts college for men. Students today, as they have always done, live by the Honor Code—pledging not to lie, steal, or cheat—and to conduct themselves as gentlemen at all times and in all places.
Union Theological Seminary of Virginia (now Union Presbyterian Seminary) was founded in 1822 at Hampden-Sydney. The Seminary buildings, which became part of the Hampden-Sydney campus in 1898 after the Seminary moved to Richmond, are located on the south side of the modern campus. Venable Hall is the principal building of the former Seminary campus.
Medical College of Virginia (now Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine) was established (1838) in Richmond as the medical department of Hampden-Sydney.
It is the tradition at Hampden-Sydney that we acknowledge each other as we go about the campus. Do not be surprised if our students greet you and do not hesitate to ask students about the College or the campus.
Erected by Hampden-Sydney College.
Location. 37° 14.717′ N, 78° 27.614′ W. Marker is near Farmville, Virginia, in Prince Edward County. Marker is on College Road (County Route 692) 0.3 miles south of Five Forks Road (County Route 658), on the right when traveling south. Click for map. Marker is in this post office area: Hampden Sydney VA 23943, United States of America.
Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within one mile of this marker, measured as the crow flies. Hampden-Sydney College (within shouting distance of this marker); Hampden-Sydney (within shouting distance of this marker); a different marker also named Hampden-Sydney College (approx. 0.3 miles away); The Birthplace (approx. 0.3 miles away); Presbyterian Seminary (approx. 0.3 miles away); Kingsville (approx. 0.9 miles away); French's Church (approx. 0.9 miles away); Randolph-Macon Medical School (approx. one mile away). Click for a list of all markers in Farmville.
More about this marker. On the upper left is a sketch of the original campus.
On the lower left are portraits of "Early Trustees Patrick Henry and James Madison" and "President William Henry Harrison, Class of 1791". Also a photo of “The Birthplace”
On the upper right are portraits of "John Hampden (above) and Algernon Sidney symbolized the pursuit of freedom from tyranny."
Also see . . . Hampden-Sydney College. (Submitted on April 15, 2012, by Bernard Fisher of Mechanicsville, Virginia.)
Categories. • Education •
Credits. This page originally submitted on , by Bernard Fisher of Mechanicsville, Virginia. This page has been viewed 291 times since then and 44 times this year. Photos: 1, 2. submitted on , by Bernard Fisher of Mechanicsville, Virginia. This page was last revised on June 16, 2016. | <urn:uuid:e6026176-3d64-48aa-90e5-0a1f912bb8b1> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=54486 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721555.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00178-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952433 | 1,021 | 2.375 | 2 |
Irwin Kremen's collages are intimate and personal, and the visual effects are delicate yet powerful.
Kremen, professor of psychology at Duke University, has been working with the art of collage since the early '70s, yet he does more than just dabble in art.
"SE E: Collages by Irwin Kremen," currently at the Allentown Art Museum in the Payne Hurd Gallery includes 31 non-figurative collages. The show, organized by the Brooklyn Museum, is a traveling exhibition making its last 1985 appearance in Allentown.
In Kremen's collages, the precise construction of found paper produces a sense of mystery or perhaps artist's secret. It is that sense of secrecy and an overall subtle aesthetic that draws the viewer at once to experience the images in collage.
Always interested in viewer experience of his works, Kremen even titles this exhibition with an ideogram for the act of viewing. The SE stands for the work itself. A backwards E represents the viewer face to face with the object.
Many of Kremen's titles are informed by art history or literature, and some are purely playful and imaginative.
For instance, "Hey, Jackson, These Drippy Poles for you," alludes to the drip painting techniques used by American painter, Jackson Pollock. "Hey, Jackson" is a small horizontal collage with elements of bright yellow under brown paper. Fragments of paper with lettering appear tucked under certain edges, and over the face of the construction, the artist creates subtle drip marks. The work is complete in itself, however, and one need not know about Pollock to enjoy the tiny edges that reveal small under-layers of color and texture.
Kremen has an affinity for materials with a history. Thus, he uses found paper which he calls, "experienced papers" for his collages. "SE E" expresses a strong feeling of preservation, of the importance and longevity of all materials. It is perhaps this respect for material (in this case - paper) and its history that produces such richness Kremen's works.
Kremen uses paper hinges made of Japanese rice paper to assemble his collages. He prefers to hinge rather than to glue, saying, "Hinging maintains the integrity of an edge." Kremen wears bifocal magnifying lenses during the intricate process of hinging.
For their organic nature, Kremen's collages are immensely gentle and precious. For their subtle contrasts in jewel-like color textured against neutral grounds they are extraodinarily visual.
"SE E: Collages by Irwin Kremen" continues in the Payne Hurd Gallery at the Allentown Art Museum, 5th and Court streets, through Jan. 5, 1986. Museum Hours are 10 a.m.-5 p.m. Tues.-Sat.; 1-5 p.m. Sunday.
Jane Maulfair is a free-lance writer on the visual arts for The Morning Call. | <urn:uuid:24d50e52-4d35-424c-93a4-dc7afb763986> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://articles.mcall.com/1985-11-28/entertainment/2496834_1_collages-paper-visual-arts | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00434-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958547 | 620 | 2.484375 | 2 |
(a) School districts are encouraged to develop teacher mentoring programs for teachers new to the profession or district, including teaching residents, teachers of color, teachers who are American Indian, teachers in license shortage areas, teachers with special needs, or experienced teachers in need of peer coaching.
(b) Teacher mentoring programs must be included in or aligned with districts' teacher evaluation and peer review processes under sections 122A.40, subdivision 8, and 122A.41, subdivision 5. A district may use staff development revenue under section 122A.61, special grant programs established by the legislature, or another funding source to pay a stipend to a mentor who may be a current or former teacher who has taught at least three years and is not on an improvement plan. Other initiatives using such funds or funds available under sections 124D.861 and 124D.862 may include:
(1) additional stipends as incentives to mentors of color or who are American Indian;
(2) financial supports for professional learning community affinity groups across schools within and between districts for teachers from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups to come together throughout the school year. For purposes of this section, "affinity groups" are groups of educators who share a common racial or ethnic identity in society as persons of color or who are American Indian;
(3) programs for induction aligned with the district or school mentorship program during the first three years of teaching, especially for teachers from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups; or
(4) grants supporting licensed and nonlicensed educator participation in professional development, such as workshops and graduate courses, related to increasing student achievement for students of color and American Indian students in order to close opportunity and achievement gaps.
(c) A school or district that receives a grant must negotiate additional retention strategies or protection from unrequested leave of absences in the beginning years of employment for teachers of color and teachers who are American Indian. Retention strategies may include providing financial incentives for teachers of color and teachers who are American Indian to work in the school or district for at least five years and placing American Indian educators at sites with other American Indian educators and educators of color at sites with other educators of color to reduce isolation and increase opportunity for collegial support.
The Professional Educator Licensing and Standards Board must make application forms available to sites interested in developing or expanding a mentorship program. A school district; a group of school districts; a coalition of districts, teachers, and teacher education institutions; or a coalition of schools, teachers, or nonlicensed educators may apply for a program grant. The Professional Educator Licensing and Standards Board, in consultation with the teacher mentoring task force, must approve or disapprove the applications. To the extent possible, the approved applications must reflect effective mentoring, professional development, and retention components, and be geographically distributed throughout the state. The Professional Educator Licensing and Standards Board must encourage the selected sites to consider the use of its assessment procedures.
At a minimum, applicants must express commitment to:
(1) allow staff participation;
(2) assess skills of both beginning and mentor teachers;
(3) provide appropriate in-service to needs identified in the assessment;
(4) provide leadership to the effort;
(5) cooperate with higher education institutions;
(6) provide facilities and other resources;
(7) share findings, materials, and techniques with other school districts; and
(8) retain teachers of color and teachers who are American Indian.
Applicants are required to seek additional funding and assistance from sources such as school districts, postsecondary institutions, foundations, and the private sector.
New and expanding mentorship sites that are funded to design, develop, implement, and evaluate their program must participate in activities that support program development and implementation. The Professional Educator Licensing and Standards Board must provide resources and assistance to support new sites in their program efforts. These activities and services may include, but are not limited to: planning, planning guides, media, training, conferences, institutes, and regional and statewide networking meetings. Nonfunded schools or districts interested in getting started may participate. Fees may be charged for meals, materials, and the like.
By June 30 of each year after receiving a grant, recipients must submit a report to the Professional Educator Licensing and Standards Board on program efforts that describes mentoring and induction activities and assesses the impact of these programs on teacher effectiveness and retention.
Official Publication of the State of Minnesota
Revisor of Statutes | <urn:uuid:d717749b-56cc-4ba6-ab22-e0f13b814fa9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/2019/cite/122A.70 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.945698 | 923 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Workshop 88 is offering our introduction to the Arduino platform at our makerspace in Glen Ellyn. Class attendees will learn how to configure their arduino programming environment, how to design simple circuits for interfacing with the arduino and how to write simple programs to control the arduino. What is Arduino, you ask? From their home page:
Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software. It’s intended for artists, designers, hobbyists, and anyone interested in creating interactive objects or environments.
You can order Arduino systems from several places, including Adafruit and Sparkfun. Both companies have lots of tutorials and howtos to get you started with Arduinos. If you're looking for a local source to get Arduinos, try Trossen Robotics.
What you'll get from this class: If you choose the tuition + materials option, we will have an arduino and assortment of electronics components for you to take home after the class. In this class you will learn how to start programming in the Arduino environment including interacting with the inputs and outputs of the Arduino.
You should bring: a laptop with the Arduino environment downloaded installed.
Please contact us (firstname.lastname@example.org) if you have any questions.
When & Where | <urn:uuid:2e63f5b0-af8a-4718-a9d0-5f53271feb8d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.eventbrite.com/e/introduction-to-arduino-class-arduino-101-november-30-2011-tickets-2500292442?aff=eorg | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00184-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.885575 | 273 | 3.171875 | 3 |
In The Arena
The sequel to By Searching, this is the continuing story of Isobel Kuhn, the missionary to the Lisu people of China. Learn of her heroic efforts to shine the light of Jesus to a dark and confused part of the world. This amazing woman continued to minister while facing illness, long-term separation, war, and even death.
Looking back on her life, Isobel says that the midst of suffering was where God taught her valuable lessons. She says that we as Christians are on display, and that the world is watching us to see how we will respond to circumstances and trials. She encourages us to rely on God and let Him shine through us, attracting others to Him.
- Format: Softcover
- Length: 232 pages
- Publisher: OMF, 1960
- ISBN: 978-9971-972-68-4
- Dimensions: 8 1/4", 5 1/4", 1/2" | <urn:uuid:e618be08-d747-4fca-9d3b-4dbbecf0a1f4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://store.iblp.org/in-the-arena.html?&search=Isobel+Kuhn&searchoffset=&ProductsPerPage=&psboost=&psrelevance=&filter_cat=&PowerSearch_Begin_Only=&sort=&range_low=&range_high= | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.940713 | 205 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Discover lots of additional options that influence feelings. You just have to understand what men and women options are and you will manage him or her.
You might not end up being totally pleased, but it will make you smaller sad. That is the higher goal of stopping anyone.
Handling a point in which you not feel unfortunate regarding the situation. Below are a few thinking-worry resources you may find of use:
It’s okay feeling sad or mad towards avoid away from a relationship. I would enjoys said which for the an earlier blog post, however, research has receive it’s ideal for me to scream.
Look for more info on the many benefits of crying. The essential idea would be the fact rips consist of chemicals that cause all of us fret. After you cry, you discharge you to definitely stress to the.
We assist myself feel sad for some time when i lost my personal earliest like. Maybe got a small aggravated sometimes as well. We typed sounds on the my personal depression and only accepted my personal state of mind.
9. Forgive the person, but make sure it is for the right grounds
It’s asserted that forgiveness is not suitable them but also for your. But one data discovered that forgiveness done to create ourselves getting better does not actually assist. Actually, some other investigation discovered that flexible in that way indeed made some body angrier.
Psychology teacher Kathy Belicki says the best algorithm to have flexible a keen old boyfriend has been doing it out of an area off sympathy. Picturing why see your face may have been the way they is. Belicki argues forgiveness like this causes significantly more peace.
10. Create what will help you let go
There is look done into mending a reduced cardio that discovered just doing something do you consider will assist you to feel a lot better can also be lessen your discomfort. It is to demonstrate just how strong your mind are going to be during the creating their facts.
11. Think of you to person’s crappy designs
There had been around three steps during the a study about recovering from an effective separation that were seen to be useful in decreasing an individual’s attention and psychological impulse to your their old boyfriend. The original approach involved on a regular basis thinking about the previous partner’s crappy models.
The study finished it reduced the latest thoughts out-of love with the ex boyfriend throughout the a lot of time-label. But be mindful that the investigation including finished people who utilized this plan got a diminished spirits in the quick-term.
twelve. Take on how you feel off love
Next means on the studies in it taking their remaining ideas regarding love as regular rather than judging on their own. The way in which professionals performed this was understanding statements for example, “It’s okay to love someone who I’m no further which have,”, and you may thinking it. While this means don’t disappear attitude away from love or change disposition, they decreased the latest mental response to your old boyfriend.
13. Imagine good rebound relationships
Of my latest blog post many clinical tests have proven rebound relationships help anyone overcome its ex shorter and be more confident. However with however, Dr. Paulette Kouffman Sherman states this may best to waiting about 1 month or a few earlier relationships again. The length of time people delays so far again usually relies on exactly how long they were using their old boyfriend.
14. Let go by avoiding social network
There is no need to see lingering a note of your own ex. I’d my personal very first like during the college or university. I altered all of our matchmaking standing on the Twitter so you’re able to “during the a romance.”
Due to the fact relationships are more than, i not shown the matchmaking updates. It actually was a tough reminder to see it absolutely was more.
We remaining are nearest and dearest on the website also. I would personally nevertheless pick her condition condition, this new photos, and you may anything else she printed. | <urn:uuid:fa04580d-b65a-424c-95ae-6da419ca89b5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://fridayspecial.com.pk/2022/06/28/265198/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.960911 | 840 | 1.851563 | 2 |
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Xavier Becerra signed a renewal of determination that extended the current COVID-19 public health emergency by 90 days, effective July 15, 2022. The original determination was made in January 2020 and has been repeatedly extended every three months.
The additional 90 days will come as a relief to many health care professionals and patients, as this extension will allow for continued implementation of policies outlined in existing waivers that have been implemented because of the pandemic, including waivers pertaining to telemedicine. Visit the COVID-19 resources page for additional information related to the pandemic.
Updated July 22, 2022 | <urn:uuid:63e4a41b-899c-405f-8c9c-6870ebf8cc94> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aasm.org/hhs-extends-covid-19-public-health-emergency-january-2021/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.969803 | 133 | 1.546875 | 2 |
The latest update, June 23, 2022: The Akshardham Temple, New Jersey added a research institute to its Robbinsville site. Inaugurated on June 18, the BAPS Swaminarayan Research Institute is “the first such center of learning and research of Indian languages and Hindu scriptures in the Swaminarayan tradition to open in the United States.” The recitation of Vedic prayers and the chanting of Sanskrit slokas by children followed the inaugural ceremony which was live telecast the world over. Over 115 representatives from more than 50 Hindu temples and organizations attended the auspicious event. Mahant Swami Maharaj joined the lamp lighting ceremony through a virtual medium from Ahmedabad and said, “the BAPS Swaminarayan Research Institute seeks to promote the highest level of academic excellence in all branches of study.”
The BAPS Akshardham Temple in Robbinsville, New Jersey is one of the largest temples in the United States. The temple complex sprawls over 160 acres. A seat of spirituality, divinity, Hinduism and humanitarianism, the temple opened its door to devotees in 2014. Incepted in 2010 under the supervision of Pramukh Swami Maharaj, the making of BAPS Swaminarayan Temple in New Jersey is a story of amazing facts. The construction of such a grand, magnificent Hindu temple thousands of miles away from India was a multifaceted process from Europe to India to the United States. Made of chiseled Italian marble, this New Jersey Indian temple is a wonder in itself.
One of the most interesting facts about the making of the Akshardham Temple in New Jersey is that stone marble was sourced from Europe and handcrafted in Rajasthan for years. As many as 2000 talented artists in Rajasthan hand-carved the marble stones into beautiful pieces which were assembled two times. For the first time, the marble pieces were assembled in India to check if they would fit accurately and then they were subsequently numbered. A team of accomplished craftsmen organized and assembled the pieces in USA, according to their numbers.
It was quite challenging to transport tons of marble from Europe to USA in a certain time frame. Each of the stones traveled 21,500 miles from Europe to India to America, according to the temple authority.
The BAPS Swaminarayan Temple in New Jersey is beautiful both outside and inside. It is encased with a colossal mandap for external protection. The 135-ft wide mandap with delicate engravings on pillars stands 55 feet tall. The main gate of the mandap, called Mayur Dwar, is a major attraction of the temple. The Mayur Dwar is meticulously adorned with 236 sculptures including peacocks, elephants, monks and devotees carved out of marble.
The mandap comprises a grand prayer hall which is spacious enough to accommodate 1000 people at a time. The first phase of the temple complex comprises an activity center for the youth, a rest house for visitors and a food court. The second phase of the temple, which is said to be greater than the first phase, will be completed and inaugurated in 2017. The beautification of the temple and its surrounding is influenced by a rich mix of the architectural styles of south and north Indian temples.
The main building of the BAPS Swaminarayan Mandir in Robbinsville, New Jersey is a 4-floor structure. There is a permanent exhibition dedicated to the heritage, history and culture of India. The ornate pillars, panels, walls and ceilings depict stories of the Ramayana, the Mahabharata and ancient scriptures. The halls are dotted with life-size idols of spiritual leaders and monks from the Indian Hindu community.
Key Highlights of BAPS Swaminarayan Temple in New Jersey
- 40 small Fasnakar style shikhars (spires)
- 2 large and 8 small ghummats (domes)
- 98 sthambhas (carved pillars)
- 66 intricately carved peacock style arches
- 144 carved sacred figures
- 58 decorative ceiling designs
- 34 decorative grills
- 91 elephants with various musical instruments and flowers
- 44 Ganesh Murtis portrayed offering devotion to Bhagwan
- 13,499 individual carved stone pieces
- Height: 42 feet
- Width: 87 feet
- Length: 133 feet
The construction of the temple has been a complex, colossal, cumbersome process which could have not been initiated and completed without the combined dedication and service of volunteers from the Indian community in USA. A total of 4.7 million man hours spent by craftsmen and volunteers of all ages went into the making of the largest Hindu temple in USA, which is apparently not visible to the naked eye. The Indians in New Jersey and in other states came forward to devote their time in all possible ways, including preparing food for artisans, cleaning up the construction site, etc. On completion of the entire construction, the cost would up to $150 million.
Travel Beats is an Indian American Community portal by Indian Eagle, a leading travel organization for Indians in USA. Subscribe to Travel Beats’ free newsletter for latest news, stories, and events related to the Indian community in America. | <urn:uuid:1fd34a42-4184-44b8-8c80-0cc329788d16> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.indianeagle.com/travelbeats/baps-swaminarayan-akshardham-temple-in-new-jersey-robbinsville/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.942378 | 1,070 | 2.15625 | 2 |
The history of mankind shows that for as long as media existed so did advertisements. When the newspaper was a sensation the ads started there, slowly moving to radio, television, internet and now in social media and mobile applications. There is no doubting certain marketing strategy the big shot names implement to get their products or services to the masses. The reason why several good and catchy ads failed in the market is because of their timing. Not the timing of delivering the punch lines but they fail to reach the right audience. Another problem the marketing team would be facing will be to make the advertisement appealing to a wide range of crowd. In the present age, pleasing everyone is not a plausible idea. Personalized marketing schemes are the future but the problem arises in sorting and filtering these marketing schemes to the right individuals. That is where the field of cognitive computing triumphs. Analyzing the vast data of individual preferences from his daily routine, browsing data, social media presence and shopping carts and then personally filtering to his/her likes would surely be the ultimate form of marketing and surprisingly what cognitive computing is designed to do. The science that comes into play to perform this elaborate task is ‘Big Data Analysis’ and ‘Deep Learning Algorithms’; Two of the fundamental steps in cognitive computing. Such a machine can in practicality display the advertisements of the right firm at the right resting period of the individual after predicting his daily pattern with the data it has been given over collective time. | <urn:uuid:1af62689-fa2b-418b-93b6-bf612a57803f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.innovationincubator.com/cognitive-marketing-partner/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.949884 | 297 | 2.640625 | 3 |
A Newsweek article discusses a study that shows just how bad global warming will impact the planet. If we can’t hold the temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius, many parts of Earth may start to become a desert in the next 30 years. A quote from the article:
“More than 25 percent of the Earth will experience serious drought and desertification by the year 2050 if the attempts made by the Paris climate agreement to curb global warming are not met, according to a new study by the journal Nature Climate Change.
The study claims that if the Earth’s average yearly temperature is raised by 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) by 2050, the areas of the world experiencing “aridification,” or drying of the planet, will increase.” | <urn:uuid:ae2bf9f7-16d5-4213-8b9d-2ae2c8170011> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://taylorsvillebasin.com/study-earth-may-start-to-become-a-desert-by-2050/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.897992 | 162 | 3.109375 | 3 |
I work in an assisted living facility. Over the past 5 months quite a few of our residents have developed a very itchy skin rash. These people have their own physicians and as a result, we've seen different diagnoses! One said "scabies" , another said "contact dermatitis", another said "allergic food reaction"...etc! This rash starts as small pink, slightly raised bumps and seems to spread quickly. The itching is so intense it hinders sleeping, and seems to become worse at night. New cases seem to crop up without a pattern--ie: residents from opposite areas of the building who rarely socialize.
We use safety precautions, but not knowing what we are dealing with and seeing new cases on a weekly basis has obviously caused much concern!
Know the five types of psoriasis and how to spot flares.
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Constipation is a common side effect of opioid and narcotic pain medicines.
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At the beginning of Franklin Roosevelt's presidency, Thanksgiving was not a fixed holiday; it was up to the President to issue a Thanksgiving Proclamation to announce what date the holiday would fall on. However, Thanksgiving was always the last Thursday in November because that was the day President Abraham Lincoln observed the holiday when he declared Thanksgiving a national holiday in 1863. Franklin Roosevelt continued that tradition, but he soon found that tradition was difficult to keep in extreme circumstances such as the Great Depression.
His first Thanksgiving in office, 1933, fell on November 30th, the last day of the month, because November had five Thursdays that year. Since statistics showed that most people did not do their Christmas shopping until after Thanksgiving, business leaders feared they would lose money, especially during the Depression, because there were only 24 shopping days between Thanksgiving and Christmas. They asked Franklin Roosevelt to make ... more.
I cant really gove you an answer,but what I can give you is a way to a solution, that is you have to find the anglde that you relate to or peaks your interest. A good paper is one that people get drawn into because it reaches them ln some way.As for me WW11 to me, I think of the holocaust and the effect it had on the survivors, their families and those who stood by and did nothing until it was too late.
A religion that was able to fool over a billion people. Create fools of people who believe they can reach heaven by following ancient traditions set forth by a madman named Mohammad. Islam is a cancer on this world and the only way Muslims can save themselves is to wake up from the daydream that has enslaved their minds. | <urn:uuid:7ec395d0-a720-4de2-b410-bc8c6cf33098> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://webknox.com/q/why-did-franklin-roosevelt-change-the-date-of-thanksgiving | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00549-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.986522 | 339 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Purchasing a home just isn’t as basic as it can seem to be. Homeownership is actually on the list of essential methods of your Usa Goal. When individuals would like to help make that dream perfectly into a reality then there are ordinarily certain actions to purchasing a family house that should be implemented, nevertheless. These methods make sure that your particular person getting the household and real estate realtor who is the offer are on the very same web site, that all sides are content with the contract, as well as the ultimate sale made on the town runs smoothly.
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The first step to buying a residence is discovering the right realtor for the task. The loan company or funding institution might have a realtor as the primary goal, but this does not imply that each one real estate agents are the same. It is recommended to look for an broker with expertise in obtaining home foreclosures. It will help make certain that he knows the thing it is he is carrying out, can demonstrate the process towards the client and become straightforward to complete the transaction.
A home loan is usually a application that work well to help you pay for the buying of your house. The home loan rate of interest that may be priced for just a property is decided at the time the borrowed funds manufactured. This home finance loan rate of interest is called the AMPM or Flexible Type Of Mortgage. There are several those who make reference to the tweaked type of loan, the more accurate phrase, as the AMPM.
Another essential account when choosing a house is any type of finance which will be employed. Men and women use one of two varieties of financing, commonly: a normal personal loan or simply a homeowners’ mortgage. The standard loan is actually a bank loan that is made by a monetary organization for example a financial institution. Some people also people learn figuratively speaking, that are comparable to classic financial loans, but you are designed within specified disorders. These plans is usually either national or individual student education loans and the majority pupils will be eligible for a both equally types of financing.
When obtaining a family house, it will be important to enjoy a comprehensive and correct photo of your credit. Which means you need a debt-to-earnings relation that meets the laws set forth on your loan company. Individuals must not possess a credit debt-to-income relation greater than 45 percent,. Which is in the us, the guideline needed by financial institutions. If your real estate market or economy falls, using a higher debts-to-income relative amount can disqualify a customer from purchasing a household given it can produce bankruptcy. Most lenders will need the borrower to possess a great for excellent credit ratings previous to they’ll give authorization for a house loan.
Variables that will have an effect on the money needed to purchase a new house range from the high closing costs also. High closing costs are charges and costs that purchasers pay prior to a residence is used in the new user. These service fees may differ and much of prospective buyers never place loads of idea into these costs and do not component them in finances. Many householders get hold of a brand new home with no along with the high closing costs and can realize that they don’t have sufficient money to cover the mortgage and closing prices when the time comes to seal about the house. This may lead to substantial pressure and can have the prospective buyers reconsider the home since they’re unsure on how they are able to pay for the unusual closing costs.
Another factor which will affect the total of cash required to purchase a house is the complete value of the property. A good way to establish the price of a house is to visit a zillow set report and then determine the alternative real estate professionals say in regards to the dwellings in the area. Most brokers have a long list of real estate in your neighborhood and will be more than pleased to share their information and facts with potential buyers.
One last technique to get pre-accredited for any property finance loan before selecting a property is to use your credit history to be entitled to funding. When purchasers have got a cheaper credit score these are thought to be a danger to loan merchants and are generally often provided high rates of interest far better monthly bills. In case you have an even better credit history, you will usually get a much better monthly interest because you emerged as less of a probability, but. It will help you the monthly bills all the way down which could save you cash ultimately.
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INTERNATIONAL Rectifier has released the IRGP50B60PD, a 600V non-punch-through (NPT) insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) co-packaged with an enhanced 25A Hexfred diode capable of operating at switching speeds up to 150kHz.
It offers high efficiency performance for 1kW to 12kW high frequency switch-mode power supply circuits in telecom and server systems. Applications include power factor correction and full-bridge primary switching, high-power UPS, welding and industrial switching applications.
The IGBTs are made with IR's thin wafer technology, which ensures shorter minority carrier depletion time and fast turn-off. Negligible turn-off tail current and low turn-off switching loss, or EOFF, enables designers to achieve higher operating frequencies. The improvements in switching performance, combined with optimised (positive) thermal coefficient characteristics and the lower gate turn-on charge, enables higher current density. A positive temperature coefficient ensures safe, reliable, high efficiency current sharing when operated in parallel. | <urn:uuid:ac2e00c8-7114-417e-958a-1a84613fab94> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ferret.com.au/c/International-Rectifier/Insulated-gate-bipolar-transistor-n689836 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00509-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.881186 | 215 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Mass Times for Clane, Church of St. Patrick and St. Brigid
Saturday Vigil:- 6.30 pm
Sunday:- 9.30 am & 11.30 am
Monday to Friday:- 10.00 am (except when funeral Mass)
Saturday 10.00 am Prayer Service with Holy Communion
Holy Days: (No Vigil) – 11.30am and 7.30pm only
Church of St. Patrick and St. Brigid, Clane
Clane—Claon Ath—The Slanted Ford. Clane Church was opened in 1884. It is Neo-Gothic in style. Its architect was William Hague. The Parish Priest of the time was Fr. Patrick Turner.
Clane had a monastery in ancient times and Colgan refers to a church at Clane prior to the middle of the 6th Century. St. Ailbe lived here for a time, and presented his cell to St. Senchell, who later founded a monastery at Killeigh, where he died in 549.
In the year 1162, a synod of the clergy in Ireland was held at Clane, attended by 26 Bishops and many Abbots. In the 1200’s, Sir Gerard Fitzmaurice, second Lord of Offaly, founded a Francisan monastery at Clane.
In 1839 the Presentation Convent was established. Forty years later the Sisters kindly offered their garden as a site for the new Church. The building was dedicated in 1884, in a ceremony performed by Bishop James Lynch. The limestone came from Mr. Marmion’s quarry and cost 6d. per ton. (This was Matthew Marmion, uncle of the Blessed Columba Marmion). Granite came from Ballyknockan, Co. Wicklow. The proposed Spire was never built.
In 1993, a new roof was installed. In 1998, a new Baptistery was added.
The Convent, adjacent to the church, closed in 2003 and was recently renovated into our new Parish Centre on Main St, Clane.
After a fire in August 2008, the church was completely renovated, and together with the Parish Centre forms a significant and beautiful portion of the Main Street in the heart of the community. | <urn:uuid:a7a0d0f8-8d4b-4b62-9624-237e48ae051b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.claneparish.com/2009/07/church-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00346-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975303 | 468 | 1.648438 | 2 |
ALBUQUERQUE – Yes, Rio Rancho is nowhere near famed Route 66, aka “The Mother Road,” as author John Steinbeck tabbed it.
Nonetheless, Rio Rancho High School’s batting cages made the cut, so to speak, in “Grassroots Baseball: Route 66,” a coffee-table book that took Jeff Idelson, former National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum president, and acclaimed photographer Jean Fruth the length of Route 66, from Chicago to Santa Monica, Calif. Along the way, Fruth shot photos of any and all forms of baseball – from the littlest of kids to the oldest of men playing the game and having fun doing it.
The 256-page book – with more than 250 of her photos — celebrates and illuminates America’s pastime through all eight states on the 2,400-mile route, detailing stories from some of the game’s greats who got their starts along the iconic highway.
Among them: Baseball Hall of Famers Johnny Bench, George Brett and Jim Thome; Astros star Alex Bregman; retired major leaguers Billy Hatcher, Ryan Howard and Adam LaRoche; as well as retired Amarillo College president and current Sod Poodles broadcaster Paul Matney. They all got their starts along Route 66 and contributed first-person essays.
Idelson penned the preface, long-time major league executive and minor league team owner Mike Veeck added the foreword and Bench provided an introduction about the legend of fellow-Oklahoman Mickey Mantle.
Now, you may want to know, how did Rio Rancho High School make the lineup for this, the second Grassroots effort – with a third on the way, says Fruth, which will feature women of baseball and be a three-year project.
Idelson and Fruth met RRHS baseball coach Ron Murphy a couple years ago and visited his nationally acclaimed ballpark, getting a few photos. During that media tour, which also visited Isotopes Park, Rich “Goose” Gossage was the featured guest, and he happily handed out free baseballs and mitts to a couple dozen underprivileged Albuquerque children.
How did Bregman get a spot in the book?
“I wasn’t sure Alex would know about 66 because he’s so young,” Fruth said at a June 15 media event at Isotopes Park. “He was very aware of Route 66, and his essay was spot on.”
That essay included the Rattlesnake Museum and the balloon fiesta.
Bregman was reared in the Duke City. His parents, who owned the New Mexico Thunderbirds when the team played its D-League games at Santa Ana Star Center (now the Rio Rancho Events Center), once had a fourth-floor suite above the first-base line at Isotopes Park. At the state high school baseball tournament, young Bregman even hit a ball out of the park as an Albuquerque Academy standout, prior to playing at Louisiana State.
Speaking of Albuquerque Academy, the book contains photos of the Class 4A championship game, played at Santa Ana Star Field – kitty-corner from Isotopes Park – and the Chargers’ win over St. Pius X.
Fruth mentioned her enjoyment of capturing the winners’ faces as well as of the tears of the losers. It’s all part of the game – and life, she said.
“It was a pleasure and truly an honor to document baseball and Americana along Route 66 with my camera, and tell the stories through my photos,” Fruth said. “Capturing the action on the field is exhilarating, but there is so much more.”
Meeting people along the way, each with his or her stories of the game, also delighted her.
“Jean beautifully captures the essence of the game and its deep connection to community in Grassroots Baseball: Route 66,” said Idelson, who drove their RV. “The images in this, her second book, along with the poignant memories shared by past and present-day players … provide the definitive compendium of baseball life along the Mother Road, from Chicago to Santa Monica and all points in-between.”
Greg Maddux, a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame, accompanied Idelson and Fruth for their Albuquerque visit, and threw out the ceremonial first pitch of that night’s Isotopes game vs. the Salt Lake Bees.
Few pitchers can match Maddux’s accomplishment of compiling 17 straight seasons with 15 or more victories. He won 355 games in his MLB career, retiring after the 2008 season.
Maddux told the media that his father took him to his first ballgame, at Dodger Stadium, to see his father’s favorite team, the Cincinnati Reds. Before that, he recalled being a 4- or 5-year-old and playing catch with his father in the back yard. Most men have similar memories.
The Maddux sons – Greg’s brother Mike pitched for the Albuquerque Dukes in 1990 – sat near the left-field bullpen. Years later, Greg Maddux pitched for the Dodgers; brother Mike is still active in the game as the pitching coach for the St. Louis Cardinals.
Greg Maddux has spent time not far from Isotopes Park in the past. He served a stint as the pitching coach for San Diego State, which annually visited the Duke City to play the University of New Mexico.
Although the game has changed a bit since he retired, he said it still comes down to pitching, even though there may never be another 300-game winner or guys amassing more than 250 innings a season.
“You look at the top pitchers in the game today, they’re the ones executing the most pitches,” he said.
If he had to pitch in Albuquerque or for the Rockies in Colorado, he said he’d merely try to outlast the other pitcher.
“I’m not going to really worry about giving up 2, 3, 4, 5 runs … If he pitches six innings, I’m going to pitch seven or eight,” and added the importance of pitch location, changing speeds and keeping the ball in front of the fence.
Murphy also knows Greg Maddux, through baseball camps in Las Vegas, Nev.
“He was quiet and very soft-spoken,” Murphy recalled. “When he talked, it was like E.F. Hutton as everybody got quiet. … Greg had a sense of humor about him and made us all feel important.”
Maddux’s humor was there when he said he and his teammates, when he was with Atlanta, “all loved seeing Bobby Cox thrown out of a ballgame.” The fiery Cox holds the MLB record for ejections. He, like Mike Maddux but a quarter of a century earlier, also played for an Albuquerque minor league team.
As for the book: “I loved it,” Maddux said. “I loved all the pictures in it. Jean did a great job with that.”
He said some of the photos reminded him of playing Wiffleball on the beach, as he lives south of L.A.
He hung around the ballpark to sign copies of the Fruth-Idelson collaboration.
Signings this summer at the world-renowned National Baseball Hall of Fame & Museum in Cooperstown and the Little League World Series in Williamsport, Pa., are also on the calendar. The tour will hit three MLB teams along the way – in Chicago, St. Louis and L.A. – and minor-league teams in Oklahoma City and Amarillo, besides Albuquerque.
Still to come: July 22 at the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, with Jim Thome;
Aug. 20 at the Little League World Series, Williamsport, Pa., with Fergie Jenkins;
Sept. 13, “Grassroots Baseball Day” at Guaranteed Rate Field in Cleveland with Jim Thome; and
Sept. 15, a book signing at August House (with Mike Veeck.
That line-up of baseball greats mentioned above will support the Grassroots Baseball program and celebrate the launch of the new book by participating in the signings.
“Grassroots Baseball: Route 66” is available in bookstores and at Amazon. Net proceeds from book sales are being donated to the Grassroots Baseball program, to further its mission.
(Grassroots Baseball’s mission is to promote and celebrate the amateur game around the globe, with a focus on growing interest and participation at the youngest levels. The overarching goal of Grassroots Baseball is to give back by providing inspiration, instruction and equipment to help ensure more children have the opportunity to learn, play and enjoy the game. For more information, visit GrassrootsBaseball.org.) | <urn:uuid:554c86ac-2d74-4abd-97b4-2c4fee45fb77> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rrobserver.com/rrhs-ballpark-included-in-new-baseball-book-grassroots-baseball-route-66/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.970292 | 1,893 | 1.515625 | 2 |
The danger of delay
Asia’s emerging economies would be better able to cope with a sharp slowdown in America if they had completed their structural reforms
WHEN your roof leaks during a torrential thunderstorm, your husband promises to fix it—tomorrow. Then for the next month the sun shines, the deckchair on the patio beckons, and nothing is done. The roof leaks even more seriously during the next storm. Could this prove to be East Asia's fate? Almost four years after its 1997-98 financial crisis began, another economic storm is approaching, this time from the downturn in America. Yet Asian governments have failed to finish the repair job left from their previous crisis. If only they had listened to their friends and family.
At the height of the crisis, the IMF, supported by many economists, warned Asian governments that their economies would never recover fully unless they undertook widespread structural reforms. If not, they argued, their economies would be condemned to a lost decade, rather like Latin America's in the 1980s. To be fair, most governments made a start on reform. But then many of their economies bounced back far more swiftly than anybody had expected. In 1999 and 2000 the troubled Asian economies enjoyed average GDP growth of almost 7%. South Korea grew by an average of 10%. Governments in the region patted themselves on the back, and concluded that structural reforms could wait.
That was the wrong conclusion to draw. East Asia's spectacular rebound owed much to America's economic boom. Exports to America account for 10-25% of Asian economies' GDPs. About half of these have been of information technology (IT) equipment. Asian producers were therefore well placed to take advantage of America's IT investment boom. That boom is now turning to bust and American firms are cutting their investment—and hence their imports from Asia (see article). In the first two months of this year, Taiwan's exports were 4% lower than a year ago, compared with annual growth of 23% in the first half of 2000. If America goes into recession, Asia's exports will collapse.
This is not to suggest that Asia is heading for another financial crisis. In macroeconomic terms these economies are in much better shape than in 1997. Most have abandoned their old exchange-rate pegs, are running large current-account surpluses, and have built up ample foreign-exchange reserves. Yet a slump in their exports to America (and to Japan, which also teeters on the brink of recession) would still make a big dent in their growth.
Completing the prescribed structural reforms would not have stopped Asia suffering from an American recession, but it would have given governments more room to offset the effects. The recovery has been overly dependent on exports; domestic demand has been restrained by balance-sheet weaknesses in banks and companies. Banks have made slow progress in writing off bad loans, and companies have been equally slow to sell off assets and reduce debts. Unviable firms have foolishly been kept alive with bailouts, rather than being broken up or allowed to go bust. Governments have also failed to deregulate services, which would help to spur domestic demand.
These continuing structural flaws will now make it harder for Asian governments to cushion their economies against a slump in exports. In particular, fragile financial sectors and companies' weak balance sheets will make monetary policy less effective. As Japan has discovered, lower interest rates can do little to boost domestic demand if banks, saddled with bad loans, remain reluctant to lend, while debt-laden firms remain reluctant to borrow.
It is, of course, possible that the sun will come out tomorrow and America's economy will resume its rampant growth, pulling Asia up with it. But it would be foolish to count on it. Over the past two years, governments should have seized the opportunity of strong external demand to push ahead with reform. It is much harder to repair the roof when it is raining.
This article appeared in the Leaders section of the print edition under the headline "The danger of delay"
From the March 31st 2001 edition
Discover stories from this section and more in the list of contentsExplore the edition
The green policies and drug reforms in the Inflation Reduction Act are big victories
Democracy is still working in the country at the hub of east Africa
Spending is declining and the fall in new infections is slowing | <urn:uuid:ec0f2b2e-d4b7-4f99-b0ef-f24f27cce09b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.economist.com/leaders/2001/03/29/the-danger-of-delay | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.968127 | 891 | 2.125 | 2 |
Density was discovered by a Greek mathematician named Archimedes. He was born in the city of Syracuse, which was the heart of art, commerce and science, and his father, Phidias, was a mathematician and an astronomer. Archimedes traveled to Egypt to study in Alexandria, which had a great reputation of scholarship and learning, and he later returned to Syracuse to focus on his ideas.Continue Reading
At around 250 B.C., Hiero II, King of Syracuse, tasked Archimedes with determining whether his crown was made of pure gold. The king was suspicious that the craftsman who made the crown defrauded him. This challenging task put Archimedes' reputation on the line. He often went to the public marketplace to discuss scientific questions, but for this task, he chose to stay at home.
Instead, Archimedes decided to relax in a bathtub to think about the problem. He filled the tub to the brim, and as he immersed himself in the water, he observed that the water spilled over the sides. This triggered an idea that could help him handle the king's task. He realized that the volume of water that had spilled was equal to the space occupied by his body.
This fact gave him a method of differentiating between a pure gold crown and a mixed crown. Because silver occupies more space than an equivalent measure of gold, he decided to immerse the crown in water. When he submerged the crown, more water spilled over the sides. Archimedes concluded that the crown was not pure gold and that the craftsman defrauded the king. This historical event explains how he discovered density.Learn more about Prehistory | <urn:uuid:06cf26f4-1751-4a0b-ba44-fe219c891f40> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.reference.com/history/disovered-density-e46a3a1fc4de4889 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00196-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.986861 | 340 | 4.125 | 4 |
Torrential rain did nothing to dampen the resolve of thousands paying tribute to Singapore’s first prime minister.
Lee Kuan Yew’s funeral procession covered 15.4 kilometres through the city-state to reach the National University of Singapore, where services were held.
Carried on a ceremonial gun carriage, Lee’s coffin was led, at times briskly and always under tight security, from parliament, past local landmarks.
Mourners began to gather early in the morning to be sure of a spot to watch the whole procession.
The funeral attracted dignitaries from all corners of the globe, including William Hague, representing the UK, former US President Bill Clinton, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and his Indian counterpart Narendra Modi.
Lee died on March 23, 2015, at the age of 91. He is credited with transforming Singapore from a British colonial outpost to one of the wealthiest nations in the world.
Some 1.2 million Singaporeans have formally paid their respects to the leader, while nearly half a million queued to file past his body as it lay in state at parliament. | <urn:uuid:a026e695-2643-46be-a0d7-6bfa7e85f82d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.euronews.com/2015/03/29/thousands-gather-for-funeral-of-lee-kuan-yew | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.962866 | 227 | 2.296875 | 2 |
LET me first of all congratulate Zimbabwe for coming up with a new locally-crafted and progressive Constitution. It was indeed a job well done.
On Wednesday 22 May 2013, the new Constitution received presidential assent and some of the new Constitutional provisions are already in force. Such provisions include Chapter 4 on Declaration of Rights, Chapter 7 on Elections, Chapter 8 on jurisdiction and powers of the constitutional court, Chapter 9 on principles relating to public administration and leaderships and other chapters. The rest of the new Constitution will come into force on the day on which the President to be elected in the forthcoming elections assumes office.
There have been some concerns from the disability sector in Zimbabwe that the new Constitution does not extend any benefits to persons with disabilities. However, I beg to differ with such concerns and I am of the view that the adoption of the new Constitution in Zimbabwe signals the dawn of a new era for persons with disabilities.
What follows are some of the provisions in the new Constitution which address the concept of disability in a commendable and progressive fashion as opposed to previous provisions.
Prior to 2005, the non-discrimination clause in the “old” Constitution of Zimbabwe did not include disability as a ground upon which discrimination was prohibited. Following widespread campaigns by the National Disability Board and local non-governmental organisations which deal with disability, the Constitution was amended in 2005 so as to include physical disability as a prohibited ground of discrimination.
Whereas the Constitutional Amendment of 2005 was applauded for including physical disability as a prohibited ground of discrimination, questions were asked on whether or not those who formulated it thought carefully enough about the other types of disability recognised at international level.
Under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), which is the major law that addresses disability at international level, mental, intellectual and sensory disabilities are the other types of disability that are recognised and which the 2005 Constitutional Amendment apparently excluded.
The new Constitution specifically provides for disability as a prohibited ground of discrimination. What this means is that all the forms of disability have been included in the new Constitution by use of the term “disability” without an attempt to enumerate the forms of disabilities. This is largely commendable given the fact that persons with disabilities have endured untold discrimination on the basis of their disabilities in the Zimbabwean history.
Discrimination against any person with any form of disability is now unconstitutional and this will go a long way in ensuring that persons with disabilities are fully and effectively included in all the sectors of Zimbabwe, the critical ones being education, health, employment and political participation.
The new Constitution now provides for founding principles and values upon which Zimbabwe is built. These include fundamental human rights and freedoms, the recognition of the inherent dignity and worth of each human being, recognition of equality of all human beings, gender equality and more importantly, the recognition of the rights of persons with disabilities.
Founding values are very important in the sense that they are the foundation upon which Zimbabwe is built. They are non-derogable principles which give guidance to anyone interpreting and enforcing the Constitution.
Thus, the inclusion of the recognition of the rights of persons with disabilities among the founding values and principles is a highly commendable move in that there is at least recognition of disability rights and an appreciation of the equal worthy of all human beings in Zimbabwe as opposed to the “old” Constitution which did not provide for the rights of persons with disabilities in any section. What this also means is that the Constitutional Court has guidance when making decisions in disability-related matters and such guidance is to recognise and uphold the rights of persons with disabilities.
Coming to official languages, sign language has been captured as one of the official languages of Zimbabwe. In addition, the new Constitution mandates the development of communication suitable for persons with physical or mental disabilities. By making provisions for the recognition of sign language as an official language, the new Constitution will go a long way in addressing the communication barriers that persons with speech functional and hearing disabilities have been facing in Zimbabwe.
As an example, I once paid a visit to a local state hospital and what I noticed was not pleasing at all. Not even a single health official at the hospital could communicate in sign language. I then thought of how would persons with hearing and speech functional disabilities converse with the health officials given such a scenario.
This is just but one example indicating how persons with disabilities are marginalised by the way society conducts its business. Now with the new Constitution in place, persons who communicate in sign language are guaranteed to be served with the utmost dignity and inclusion they deserve.
The Constitution further provides in section 22 that all institutions and agencies of the Government at every level must recognise the rights of persons with physical or mental disabilities in particular their right to be treated with respect and dignity. This is a great improvement in that the provision reinforces the equal worthiness of all human beings, hence the need to treat persons with disabilities with dignity and respect.
In addition, the provision does not restrict the responsibility to recognise the rights of persons with disabilities in a single ministry as was the case under the previous setting in which disability issues were left to be dealt with by the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare through the Department of Social Welfare (and the Ministry of Health and Child Welfare but to a limited extent).
It is an indisputable fact that disability is an evolving, highly contentious, knotty and a cross-cutting concept that cannot be adequately addressed by a single ministry. The new Constitution thus mandates all governmental departments to recognise the rights of persons with disabilities and to ensure the implementation of such rights in Zimbabwe. This is commendable.
Furthermore, section 22 mandates all government institutions and agencies to assist persons with physical or mental disabilities to achieve their full potential and to minimise disadvantages suffered by them. In the same vein, all state institutions and agencies have the obligation to develop programmes for the welfare of persons with physical or mental disabilities especially work programmes consistent with their capabilities and acceptable to them or their representatives.
All state institutions and agencies are also under a mandate to consider the specific requirements of persons with all forms of disabilities as one of the priorities in development plans. This appears to be a step forward in attempting to alleviate poverty among persons with disabilities in Zimbabwe and to ensure their inclusion and participation in society.
Persons with disabilities all over the world are among the poorest of the poor. Zimbabwe can then be commended for adopting a constitutional provision that gives priority to persons with disabilities in developments plans. Without doubt, this is one of the ways to overcome poverty among persons with disabilities.
Section 27 of the new Constitution provides for education as a national objective. It has been reported that one in three children with disabilities is out of school and that 75 percent of children with disabilities never complete primary school in Zimbabwe. Other than making education a founding value and principle upon which Zimbabwe is built, the Constitution further provides for free and compulsory basic education, within the resources available to the State.
The provision on free and compulsory education is therefore important in addressing the right to education of children with disabilities who do not normally receive education for various reasons ranging from negative attitudes at family level up to an education system that do not adequately accommodate the needs and entitlements of such children.
At the same time, the new Constitution further provides that girls should be offered the same opportunities as boys to obtain education at all levels. In disability circles, girls with disabilities suffer double discrimination as compared to boys with disabilities, firstly as girls and secondly as persons with disabilities.
Now the Constitution guarantees equal access to education no matter one’s gender and no matter one’s disability!
In another respect, the new supreme law provides for a constitutional mandate on the State to take appropriate measures to ensure that buildings and amenities that are open to the public are accessible to persons with disabilities.
In Zimbabwe, many government workplaces, courts of law and state recreational facilities are inaccessible to persons with disabilities.
As an example, it is very difficult if not impossible for persons with disabilities to access government offices housed at the Government Complex in Gweru given the fact that there are no guiding rails, the elevators (if there are working elevators at all) have no recorded voices for persons with visual impairments and are too narrow to accommodate wheelchairs, and the toilet cubicles are too high for persons with physical disabilities.
Thus, the State duty to ensure accessibility to buildings and amenities that are open to the public will go a long way in assisting persons with disabilities to realise their right to full and effective participation in society.
This is also in line with the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) which provides for equal access to the physical environment, transportation, information and communications and other facilities so as to enable persons with disabilities to live independently and participate fully in all aspects of life.
The new Constitution further contains a dedicated section on the rights of persons with disabilities in section 83. Under the section, the State has an obligation to take appropriate measures, within resources available, to enable persons with disabilities to become self-reliant, to live with their families and participate in social, creational or recreational activities, to protect them from all forms of exploitation and abuse, to give them access to medical, psychological or functional treatment, to provide special facilities for their education and to provide State-funded education and training.
It is thus an improvement in itself to have a specific constitutional provision on the rights of persons with disabilities for the first time in the constitutional history of Zimbabwe. It appears that major causes of concern like lack of access to education and health facilities and the problem of exploitation and abuse of persons with disabilities have been addressed to an extent.
Persons with disabilities normally face abuse, especially sexual abuse perpetrated mostly against women with mental disabilities since they may not be in a position to positively identify the perpetrators and they may not also in positions to be competent and compellable witnesses before courts of law.
This is a gap that the new Constitution tries to bridge. Also by advocating for self-reliance on the part of persons with disabilities, it means that disability is no longer taken to be a welfare or a charity issue but is now a human rights issue where every person, be it with or without disability, has rights and obligations.
The same section also gives a State duty to provide special facilities for the education of persons with disabilities.
However, before special measures are taken for the education of persons with disabilities, it should be emphasised that the starting point must be inclusive education. Inclusive education means the education of children with disabilities (or persons with disabilities) in the mainstream schools where children with disabilities and other children learn together.
The approach focuses on the school environment and its barriers. It perceives the impediments in the mainstream education system and school environment as the cause of the challenges faced by children with disabilities in education. It aims at identifying and eradicating such hindrances to enable all children, including children with disabilities, to attain education.
Therefore, the inclusive schools approach seeks to “fix” the school system to accommodate the learning of children with disabilities. This is an ideal concept and a starting point before attempting to provide specialised education to children with disabilities.
Section 155 on elections states that the State is now under a constitutional obligation to ensure that every citizen who is eligible to vote in an election or referendum has an opportunity to cast a vote and the State must facilitate voting by persons with disabilities.
Unlike in the past years in which a myriad of factors like lack of accessible polling stations, lack of voting materials in accessible formats, lack of accessible campaign literature and inaccessible transportation to and from polling stations rendered the right to vote by persons with disabilities hollow, now the Constitution explicitly provides a right to vote by persons with disabilities.
Other than voting, political representation of persons with disabilities has been clarified and concretised by the Constitution which provides that the Senate shall consist of two representatives for persons with disabilities. What this means is that persons with disabilities will have two representatives in the Upper House of Parliament.
Even though the Constitution is silent on whether or not the two representatives have to be persons with disabilities, the fact still stands that persons with disabilities are now guaranteed political representation in Zimbabwe. The representatives of persons with disabilities may influence policies and laws in favour of persons with disabilities to an extent (and of course, if they are dedicated persons without ambitions to further personal interests while in the Senate).
All the arguments raised indicate that with the adoption of the Constitution, disability is now viewed as a human rights issue in Zimbabwe unlike the previous years in which it was taken to be a medical and charity issue.
However, like any negotiated instrument that is people driven, the Constitution has its own flaws. For example it simply states that governmental institutions and agencies have to render assistance to persons with physical and mental disabilities without necessarily indicating the nature of assistance to be provided.
Also by providing for the development of welfare programmes, especially work programmes, for persons with physical or mental disabilities, it can be submitted that the Constitution apparently excludes persons with intellectual and sensory disabilities and disfigurement.
Esau Mandipa is a lawyer and lecturer in the Faculty of Law at Midlands State University. He teaches disability rights, among other modules and his Master of Law thesis was on disability in Zimbabwe [LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa), University of Pretoria]. He can be contacted at [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]> or cell number 0773 429 047. | <urn:uuid:75ee94eb-0294-4ed0-8ff3-b3696a53f45e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.chronicle.co.zw/new-constitution-disability-friendly/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.96008 | 2,747 | 2.109375 | 2 |
punish the mochi
It may look like an innocent piece of sticky rice waiting to be consumed by an elderly person hoping to see at least one more birthday, but in reality this stuff is more dangerous than a harmless geisha eating a piece of fugu prepared by a blind chef who likes going to prison a lot.
For this sticky rice, better known in Japan as mochi and particularly popular as part of the new year celebrations, happily lodges itself in the throats of ageing diners, blocking their airways and leaving them feeling uncomfortable and/or dead.
Every new year, the newspapers report the number of mochi victims. This year was a good one - only two reported deaths (in Tokyo), although 11 were hospitalised.
Extreme caution must be exercised when eating mochi in the company of the elderly.
Ways to spot an elderly relative in trouble:
1. They stop talking and gesticulate a lot, even though you're not playing chirades.
2. They start turning blue.
3. They seem to be sleeping for longer than usual (like three days).
As a result of these unfortunate incidents, towns and villages across the country hold a Punish the Mochi festival where they beat the living daylights out of it in order to teach it a lesson. | <urn:uuid:328bb868-b47a-4093-a159-0abfa5dce1f1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://anenglishmaninosaka.blogspot.com/2008/01/punish-mochi.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00540-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961297 | 272 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Signed and inscribed lower left: Barbudo, Roma
Salvador Sanchez Barbudo was among the foremost painters of the colony of Spanish artists who settled in Rome. Born in Andalusia, Barbudo moved to Rome in 1882, where he frequented the studio of José Villegas. Villegas was a fellow Andalusian who had worked in the circles of Federico de Madrazo and Mariano Fortuny, and at Rome he considered Barbudo to be his best disciple. In addition to working in Rome, Barbudo also spent a great deal of time in Venice with his friend Rafael Senet, painting landscape and genre subjects. Barbudo?s work was positively received by the Italian critics: in 1888 one critic called him, ?one of the finest interpreters of picturesque Italy.?1 He exhibited works in Rome, Venice, Munich and Paris, and won a medal at the Paris Salon of 1895.
1 Carlos González and Montse Martí, Spanish Painters in Rome, 1850-1900, (Sammer, Madrid, 1988): p. 203. | <urn:uuid:98034158-e7c5-4934-8236-4d4316c2be71> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.schillerandbodo.com/artists/barbudo/artworks/heath-landscape | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.959375 | 230 | 2.40625 | 2 |
ENDANGERED SPECIES The French Is France undergoing a severe identity crisis? It appears that its Bordeaux-
swilling, chain-smoking, artisanal cheese-eating ways are under attack.
First comes word of their countrywide smoking ban, which takes effect in public places tomorrow and deprives France's flâneurs of their favorite accessory.
And, as the Gitanes-haze dissipates, there's today's report in the New York Times about the mall-ification of Paris's storied Champs-Elysees, where "McDo" now vies for space with megastores like Zara and Sephora, shutting out authentic French businesses and prompting local shopkeeper Serge Ghnassia to sniff, "High-class Parisians don't want to come to the Champs-Elysees. It's not prestigious; it's not pleasant. The people who come are very common, very ordinary, very cheap. They come for a kebab sandwich and a five-euro T-shirt."
Finally, as if commoners with sub-par gustatory standards infesting the historical heart of Paris weren't bad enough, there's news that the United States is set to overtake France as the world's largest wine consumer by 2010 as New World wine varietals and marketing tactics increasingly edge out traditional vineyards. In celebration of France's decline, Americans will chug that box of Franzia, switch on National Lampoon's European Vacation, and reach for another Freedom Fry. | <urn:uuid:b523ac78-570f-45c6-87f0-eb566f0cbd07> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://radaronline.com/exclusives/2008/10/is-france-going-to-merde-php/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.94212 | 315 | 1.523438 | 2 |
One Startup. 30 Days. No Secrets. Start at the beginning.
Name: A company name is probably important for all kinds of reasons. But for us today, a company name is important because we need to legally file our company, buy a domain and build a website. We already have a name for our first product as it somehow struck me while leaning into the frigid January wind on my walk home from the subway: Bees Knees Spicy Honey. Fortunately Casey also likes that name, but we want a general, overarching company name so we won’t be forever stuck with a brand centered around just spicy honey. Naturally, we must make a list!
We listed a myriad of potential names: some with meaning - Sweet Hots; some containing “Brooklyn” - Brooklyn Kitchen; some that meant nothing at all - Bivi’s Cafeteria. Ultimately, I was leaning towards Cagey Kitchen as a play on a business that would be scared to reveal its recipes and information. Casey, on the other hand, thought there was too much negative meaning. We took a step back and realized we needed a name that would reflect us and our product: a mix of two different people / ingredients that are unique to each other, but create something really great when combined.
While considering various names and word combinations, we used the following as guidelines:
- Is the potential name easy to say, can other people make sense of it?
- Is the domain for the potential name available and cheap? (We referenced Instant Domain Search)
- Will the name work if we introduce other types of products in the future?
- Can we live with the name for a long time?
After both suggesting some heinous options, we hit our stride and soon settled on the name MixedMade as we feel the words go well together and actually reflect a deeper meaning about us and our product. Also, it was one of the first names we both actually liked. The entire process took about 1 hour each of private brainstorming and 30 minutes on the phone together. After confirming on Instant Domain Search that the domain was available we linked through to GoDaddy where we purchased the www.mixedmade.com domain for $2.17.
Now, just an hour after determining our name, we have our domain registered and have set up our Google Apps for Business trial, which let's us run Gmail as our company mail amongst other capabilities. We are, nearly, an actual business.
Bonus: we already received quick positive feedback on our company name.
Some of our decisions have been and will continue to be made quickly, but they are made with intent. Our worst enemy is a lack of decision and failure to execute. We would rather move forward to a point where we can test if anyone wants to buy spicy honey with a mediocre company name rather than spend months coming up with the perfect name, yet having no idea if the business can ever make money and grow. You can start your company too, just take that first step!
Comment to let us know if you have any feedback on our name, or a good story of how you came up with yours. | <urn:uuid:34de9787-9ecb-4364-9bb9-19e9266adfef> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://bushwickkitchen.com/blogs/startup-journey/12111933-how-we-named-our-company-in-2-hours-day-10 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00360-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956923 | 644 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Lawmakers from Washington and Oregon are reviving plans for a new Interstate 5 bridge over the Columbia River between Vancouver and Portland.
A dozen lawmakers from both states and both parties met behind closed doors Wednesday in Vancouver, The Columbian reported (http://bit.ly/1pTTA19 ).
The meeting was a post-mortem on the failed Columbia River Crossing project and the start of rebuilding relationships, said Rep. Liz Pike of Camas, Washington, one of the lawmakers leading the so-called Bi-State Bridge Coalition.
The lawmakers talked about the governors forming a commission that would guide a new project to replace the aging span on the heavily traveled interstate.
Nearly $200 million was spent on plans for the $2.9 billion Columbia River Crossing, including light rail. The project had been a joint effort of Oregon and Washington before Washington state lawmakers balked at authorizing money in 2013. Oregon attempted to continue the project on its own, but in March, the Oregon Legislature declined to provide funding.
There is broad agreement that the two states need to find a way to improve freight mobility and ease congestion, said Oregon Rep. John Huffman of The Dalles who also is organizing Bi-State Bridge Coalition meetings.
The failure before was not coming together to find a solution acceptable to both states, he said.
"We won't make that mistake again," Huffman said in a statement.
Oregon Rep. Julie Parrish of West Linn opposed the Oregon-only project.
"If we can get to yes, we have to lift together this time," she said after the meeting.
Sen. Lee Beyer, who chairs the Oregon Senate Committee on Business and Transportation, has said his state suffers from bridge fatigue. Although he attended Wednesday's meeting, he appeared skeptical.
"I think people will put some emotional energy into it," Beyer said. "Realistically, I think we'll find out there really isn't a path forward at this time." | <urn:uuid:e5f9ee52-32f8-4436-8d2b-da34a3ed4f3a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thenewstribune.com/news/politics-government/article25869409.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00089-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971108 | 403 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Pages InformationWriter Jogye Date07 Sep 2018 Read4,818 Comment0
Social Labour Committee Hosted “Rest-Oriented” Templestay for Labourers and Social Activists
Picture 1) Temporary workers, laid-off workers and social activists visited Seonunsa Temple for relaxation. The participants of “Templestay with Neighbors in Our Society” hosted by the Social Labour Committee on Sept. 1
Jogye Order has provided relaxation to labourers who are suffering from low wage and job instability.
Jogye Order’s Social Labour Committee (Chair Ven. Hyechan), along with Cultural Corps of Korean Buddhism (Chair Wonkyeong), hosted “Templestay with Neighbors in Our Society” for temporary workers, laid-off workers and social activists at Seonunsa on Sept. 1.
30 labourers and social activists who participated in the templestay found comfort from sharing tea with the monks at the temple and learned meditation techniques to relax body and mind. Min So-yeon who is a social activist said that “the program is much needed for activists and labourers who need to find relaxation.”
Picture 2) The participants are listening to a lecture on the meditation techniques to relax body and mind.
Social Labour Committee and Cultural Corps of Korean Buddhism are hosting such opportunity for the temporary workers and laid-off workers to find relaxation through templestay 4 times per year. The participants do not need to follow a certain faith and the program is free of charge. 30 illegally dispatched and unfairly laid-off workers of Asahi Glass Co. also participated in a templestay at Eunhaesa Temple on August 30.
Picture 3) 30 illegally dispatched and unfairly laid-off labourers of Asahi Glass Co. participated in a templestay program at Eunhaesa Temple sponsored by Social Labour Committee.
Separately, Social Labour Committee has signed a memorandum of understanding with Woljeongsa Temple to regularly hold templestay programs for labourers and social activists. Yang Hanwoong, the Executive Commissioner of Social Labour Committee stated that "the labourers and social activists who need relaxation should recharge their energy by participating in 3 day or 4 day templestay at Woljeongsa Temple with friends and family."
Article provided by Buddhist News Paper
Lee, Sungjin email@example.com | <urn:uuid:132dafb4-7ff7-4c74-9927-e5e67eee512f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.koreanbuddhism.net/bbs/board.php?bo_table=0010&wr_id=652&page=8 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.927477 | 517 | 1.601563 | 2 |
FREE AL CDL School Bus Test 2016 Exam Mode
AL DMV Permit Test Fact Sheet:
|Number of questions:||25|
|Answer correctly to pass:||20|
Getting ready for the School Bus portion of your AL DMV CDL skills test can be overwhelming. You know you have to ace it to drive a school bus in Alabama, so your entire livelihood depends on it. You have studied the Alabama CDL manual cover to cover again, but you need to put your skills to the test to see if you have what it takes to pass. You can accomplish that with the AL CDL School Bus Practice Test. With questions pulled directly from the official Alabama CDL manual, this practice test has the same type of questions that you’ll find on the official exam at the DMV.
Gauge Your Knowledge
Begin by using the CDL School Bus Practice Test to determine what you already know. The 25-question multiple-choice test gives you the choice of skipping questions that you don’t know. Skip all of the questions that you don’t know, making a note of the ones that you skip. This will allow you to assess your starting point. Then, you’ll know how much reviewing you need to do before you go to the DMV to take your test.
After you have your starting point, hit the books once again. Study up, and once you believe you have learned some more information, take the practice test again. Skip the questions that you are unsure of again and then get your score. Continue to do this until you are comfortable with all the questions on the test.
Scoring the Practice Test
Along with providing questions, the Alabama CDL School Bus Practice Test is scored the same way as the official exam is. You can find out if you would pass the official test when you take the practice test.
It’s time to see how ready you are for the official exam. Find out if you’re ready to go to the DMV and get your endorsement. It all starts with the practice test.
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- AL CDL Handbook | <urn:uuid:65ed8d10-5a08-4dbc-ae5f-bae63773eac4> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://driving-tests.org/alabama/al-cdl-school-bus-test/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720000.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00024-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.89848 | 554 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Adelphi in Prince George's County, Maryland — The American Northeast (Mid-Atlantic)
Location. 38° 59.557′ N, 76° 58.313′ W. Marker is in Adelphi, Maryland, in Prince George's County. Marker is on Riggs Road (Route 212) 0.8 miles south of Metzerott Road, on the right when traveling south. Click for map. Marker is in this post office area: Hyattsville MD 20783, United States of America.
Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within 2 miles of this marker, measured as the crow flies. “Hitching Post Hill” or “Ash Hill” (approx. 1.2 miles away); Leo Van Munching (approx. 1.5 miles away); Juan Ramón Jiménez (approx. 1.5 miles away); The Terrapin Memorial (approx. 1.5 miles away); Millard E. Tydings (approx. 1.6 miles away); Morrill Hall (approx. 1.6 miles away); R. Lee Hornbake Library (approx. 1.6 miles away); Architectural History of the Maryland Agricultural College (approx. 1.7 miles away).
Also see . . . Adelphi Mill pictures and history. (Submitted on January 12, 2010, by James M. Miller of Toledo, Oregon.)
Categories. • Industry & Commerce •
Credits. This page originally submitted on , by F. Robby of Baltimore, Maryland. This page has been viewed 1,989 times since then and 132 times this year. Photos: 1, 2. submitted on , by F. Robby of Baltimore, Maryland. This page was last revised on June 16, 2016. | <urn:uuid:a091b1e9-ec79-4f60-b743-ac7f3e9b69fc> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=3628 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719784.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00426-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.914196 | 377 | 2.03125 | 2 |
University life is tough. Managing the ever-piling tuition fees, lodging charges, and food expenses – it’s not easy. Having a part-time job help make financial management a bit easier. Most students utilize their time in-between classes to earn some quick extra cash. Here are some decent money-making options for college kids who want to make the ends meet.
There are several job opportunities both on campus grounds and outside that can get you a decent income. These odd jobs might not be a permanent solution but a lucrative source of side income that could sustain you through the university years.
Work at the Public Library
Check for job openings in the local public library or the one in your campus. Libraries usually have hourly positions available for young college students. All you have to do is make entries and shelf the books in the right aisles. What’s more, you’re surrounded by books, you can read in your free time and there’s practically no work as libraries are mostly empty apart from some peak hours – could things be any better!
Teach Other Kids
Being nerdy can actually be profitable! Tutoring is actually a really smart job opportunity for college kids. It is a good way to improve your knowledge, get some experience and earn a good amount. Tutors don’t require any license or qualification. You can market your services around the campus, at local schools or even online.
Join a Nearby Starbucks (or a less swanky café)
Another smart earning option is picking shifts at the local coffee shop. We won’t get into the details of the job because that is something we’re all familiar with. What we want to focus on is the kind of establishment you join. A high-end restaurant in a fairly well-off locality comes with a higher tip income than a shabby café on a shabby street with minimum wage – you get the idea?
Running errands and working as a delivery boy can help. If you don’t want to deliver stuff to people, then maybe you can drive them around? If you have a car, now’s the time to put it to good use. Cab companies like Uber are always on the lookout for young drivers. You just need a driving license, good driving skills, and a decent knowledge of the locality.
It’s possible to find better-paying jobs online than off-campus. Several corporate companies and start-ups are looking for young interns who are willing to devote some time online in exchange for a decent pay. Here are some online options you can check out.
Become a Freelancer
If you have a passion for website development, graphic designing (like the kind seen at Vinyline Graphics), animation or photography then freelancing might just be the perfect career for you. As a freelancer, you can earn a pretty good sum of money, provided you know how to market your services. In fact, many people have taken up freelancing full-time, and are earning a hell lot of money. No deadlines, a degree of creative freedom, and an independent workspace – what more do you need!
Fill Out Survey Forms
Filling out survey forms has to be the easiest, quickest, and most popular money-making hack on the internet. Big brands are desperate for info on the latest trends of the market, so much so, that they’re ready to pay you a good sum of money just to answer a few questions. All you have to do is sign up for survey forums and portals, fill in your location, gender and income (filter out the survey forms that are better suited to you). One caveat – there are too many unscrupulous paid survey websites that could dupe you of your money, data, and time. Look for reviews of survey websites before joining.
Make DIY Tutorials
DIY videos and tutorials are for people who have a creative streak. You don’t have to invest a lot of money – get a camera, get the stuff you need, and you can shoot a video in your dorm. Makeup tutorials, jewelry making, fashion advice, cooking videos – the possibilities are endless!
Start a Blog
Blogging is the best way to channelize out your creative energy about something you’re passionate about. It can be something as simple as random snippets from your day to serious articles on politics. With a blog, you get to express yourself and find like-minded people around the world. It is a brilliant way to start off conversations, build a reader base, and eventually monetize the content.
The Bottom Line
Finding a good job – either online or offline – is not as complicated as it was five years back. There is no dearth of companies and web platforms out there. The trick is to know where to look. | <urn:uuid:07d7c293-53a5-4554-bf36-03fe61ce8ef2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.themoneyshed.co.uk/how-to-manage-college-fees-by-earning-decent-side-incomes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.945655 | 1,010 | 2.03125 | 2 |
In Sicily, Donald Trump listened attentively during complex G7 debates over trade and climate change, smiled for the cameras, and for the most part refrained from provocative tweets.
In Brussels, he bashed NATO partners for not spending more on defence, shoved the prime minister of Montenegro and renewed his attacks on Germany’s trade surplus with the United States.
America’s allies witnessed the two sides of Trump on his first foreign trip as U.S. president, a nine-day tour that began with sword dancing in Saudi Arabia and vague pledges in Israel to deliver Middle East peace.
As Trump headed home, European officials were left with mixed feelings: relief that he had been patient enough to listen to their arguments and unsettled by a Jekyll-and-Hyde figure who is still finding his way on the big policy issues.
“It all fits with his strategic ambiguity approach to life,” said Julianne Smith of the Centre for a New American Security. “It may do wonders when dealing with adversaries. But it doesn’t work when dealing with allies,” she said.
Other leaders of the Group of Seven nations had viewed with trepidation their summit, held at a cliff-top hotel overlooking the Mediterranean, after four preparatory meetings failed to clear up differences with the Trump administration on trade, how to deal with Russia and climate change.
But in the end, officials said, the result was better than they had feared.
The final communique acknowledged a split between the United States and its six partners over honouring the 2015 Paris accord on climate change. That followed a debate with Trump that German Chancellor Angela Merkel described as “very dissatisfying”.
However on trade, Trump bowed to pressure from allies to retain a pledge to fight protectionism. And on Russia, he did not insist on removing – as some allies had feared – the threat of additional sanctions for Moscow’s intervention in Ukraine.
“I found him very willing to engage, very curious, with an ability and desire to ask questions and to learn from all his interlocutors,” said Italian Prime Minister Paolo Gentiloni, the G7 summit’s host.
Still, there was irritation at Trump’s refusal to show his hand on the Paris agreement to curb carbon emissions. Near the end of the summit, he tweeted teasingly that he would make a decision on Paris next week, leaving delegations to scratch their heads about why he could not commit in Taormina.
The most critical words were reserved for Trump’s appearance at NATO headquarters in Brussels, which was described as a “disaster” by more than one European official.
With the leaders of America’s NATO partners standing like school children behind him, Trump upbraided them for not spending more on defence and repeated the charge that some members owed “massive amounts of money” from past years – even though allied contributions are voluntary.
Most disturbingly for allies, Trump did not personally affirm his commitment to Article 5, NATO’s mutual defence doctrine, after pre-trip signals from the White House that he would do just that. Trump also failed to mention Russia, which remains NATO’s raison d’etre in the eyes of most Europeans.
It was a speech that reminded some of Trump’s doom-laden inauguration address in January, one that seemed written for the hardest of his hard-core domestic audience. “Proud of @realDonaldTrump for telling NATO deadbeats to pay up or shut up,” former Republican governor Mike Huckabee tweeted in response.
Trump’s appearance in Brussels was particularly galling to the Germans, who after months of painstaking relationship building with Trump – including Merkel’s invitation to his daughter Ivanka for a G20 women’s summit in Berlin – found themselves under attack from him on two fronts.
Before heading to NATO, Trump criticised Germany’s trade surplus in a private meeting with senior European Union officials.
“If Trump really wants to go down a path of isolation, it will only speed up China’s rise to the top,” one senior German official grumbled.
Beyond the rhetoric, Trump’s body language also confounded his hosts. He muscled aside Montenegrin Prime Minister Dusko Markovic as NATO leaders walked into the alliance’s new headquarters for a photo session.
And he engaged in two alpha-male handshakes with France’s new 39-year-old President Emmanuel Macron, who seemed to get the better of Trump on both occasions.
The macho posturing in Europe contrasted to the images, a few days earlier, of Trump and his team swaying, swords in hand, with the absolute rulers of Saudi Arabia at a lavish welcome ceremony given by King Salman.
Summing up the tour on Saturday, Trump’s advisers seemed most enthused about the Saudi leg, where he clinched a $110 billion arms deal and forged what one aide described as a “personal bond” with the king.
“The president was able to make some of the most amazing deals that have really been made by any administration ever,” enthused his economic adviser Gary Cohn.
Daniela Schwarzer, research director at the German Council of Foreign Relations in Berlin, said the trip had confirmed Trump’s “zero-sum game” view of the world in which you are either a winner or a loser and relationships are transactional.
“His rhetoric and actions suggest he does not consider it a priority to build good and engaging relations with allies the U.S. so far considered its most important ones,” she said.
Source – Reuters | <urn:uuid:5610ee1e-b707-4185-837e-818d1df1da49> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://9newsng.com/european-allies-see-the-two-sides-of-trump/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.969695 | 1,208 | 2 | 2 |
Writing A Strong Informative Research Paper Thesis Statement
An informative research paper teaches the reader about some topic. One of the key elements of an informative paper is its thesis statement that sets the course for all body chapters. It’s important to learn how to compose proper thesis statements because if you have a weak one in your text, your final score will be lowered.
Tips to Compose a Good Thesis Statement
- Ask a question.
- Tailor your thesis to the type of your paper.
- Make sure you can prove your thesis.
- Make your thesis short and to the point.
- Place your thesis in the right spot.
Every paper has a purpose. Ask yourself what the purpose of your particular paper is. Then, answer this question in one sentence. This sentence should be a good basis for your thesis statement.
Since you’re writing an informative research paper, make your thesis sound like it teaches the reader about something or illuminates some point. You shouldn’t make a claim because it’s not an argumentative paper.
Don’t compose your main statement until you’ve conducted your study. If you cannot provide evidence to support your thesis, you’ll have to rewrite it or continue your study to find more evidence.
A thesis statement shouldn’t be longer than one or two sentences. If you create a long thesis, it’s likely that it’ll only confuse the reader. However, if your statement is too short, it might not convey your message properly too.
Usually, students place their main statements at the end of the introduction. However, there are many factors that might force you to place it in the middle of the opening chapter, for example. Consult your instructor to select the best place for your thesis.
Remember that during the writing process, you may need to make little changes in your thesis, so don’t be afraid to create several drafts.
Getting Help with Writing Research Papers
If you’re struggling with composing your paper or some of its parts, you should ask for assistance. The cheapest way is to regularly visit your instructor. Consult them on any issue and make sure that you take each step properly. They should provide you with rather good explanations.
You may also sign up for taking courses at a local academic center. After their lessons, you’ll be ready to deal with any types of essays and research papers.
Some students prefer to hire personal tutors. This way, you’ll improve your writing skills very quickly. However, this option will also cost you a pretty penny.
Academic writing tips
- Write reviews for money
- Narrative essay topics
- The purpose of a college term paper
- Academic essay writing hints
- The role of research paper proposal
- Buying a personal essay online
- Why do students buy research papers
- Conducting a case study
- Who Moved My Cheese report
- "The Wild One" (1953) movie review
- How to ace a research paper
- Term paper outlining methodology
- Movie review writing process
- Top 5 homework tips
- How to craft thesis statement | <urn:uuid:741d8ef2-b0a1-4ae4-b59a-4935b316efc5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://amhas.org/writing-an-informative-research-paper-thesis-statement.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00199-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.915342 | 659 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Version: $Revision: 1.47 $
Date: $Date: 2015/09/15 03:23:50 $
Copyright: (C) 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
The GNUstep Base library is a free software package implementing the API of the OpenStep Foundation Kit (tm), including later additions. This documentation package describes the core of the Base library, for documentation on additional classes, see the BaseAdditions documentation package.
Read the Release Notes for the current release.
GNUstep is generally compatible with the OpenStep specification and with recent developments of the MacOS (cocoa) API. Where MacOS deviates from the OpenStep API, GNUstep generally attempts to support both versions. In some cases the newer MacOS APIs are incompatible with OpenStep, and GNUstep usually supports the richer version. See the OpenStep Compliance section for more information on OpenStep Compliance.
In order to deal with compatibility issues, GNUstep uses two mechanisms - it provides conditionally compiled sections of the library header files, so that software can be built that will conform strictly to a particular API, and it provides user default settings to control the behavior of the library at runtime.
Adding an option to a makefile to define one of the following preprocessor constants will modify the API visible to software being compiled -
NB These preprocessor constants are used in
developer code (ie the code that users of GNUstep write)
rather than by the GNUstep software itself. They permit a
developer to ensure that he/she does not write code which depends
upon API not present on other implementations (in practice,
MacOS-X or some old OPENSTEP systems).
The actual GNUstep libraries are always built with the full GNUstep API in place, so that the feature set is as consistent as possible.
The presence of these macros is also used by autogsdoc to generate information about which version of the API a particular feature belongs to.
An array of strings that lists debug levels to be used within the program. These debug levels are merged with any which were set on the command line or added programmatically to the set given by the [NSProcessInfo-debugSet] method.
Setting the user default
YES will cause log/debug output to be sent to
the syslog facility (on systems which support it), rather
than to the standard error stream. This is useful in
environments where stderr has been re-used strangely for
On mswindows, where syslog does not exist, this flag instead controls whether log/debug output is sent to the windows event log.
Setting the user default
YES will cause NSLog and debug output to
include the current time zone offset in the timestamp
of the logged message.
This is useful when comparing logs from machines in different countries.
Setting the user default
YES will cause NSLog and debug output to
include the current thread name in the logged message.
This may be useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.
Setting the user default
YES will cause MacOS compatible behavior to be
the default at runtime. This default may however be overridden
to provide more fine grained control of system behavior.
Specifies whether the functions for producing strings describing geometric structures (NSStringFromPoint(), NSStringFromSize(), and NSStringFromRect()) should produce strings conforming to the OpenStep specification or to MacOS-X behavior. The functions for parsing those strings should cope with both cases anyway.
May be used to specify a default SOCKS5 server (and optionally
a port separated from the server by a colon) to which tcp/ip
connections made using the NSFileHandle extension methods
should be directed.
This default overrides the SOCKS5_SERVER and SOCKS_SERVER environment variables.
Used to specify the name of the timezone to be used by the NSTimeZone class.
Specifies whether text property-list output should be in the default MacOS-X format (XML), or in the more human readable (but less powerful) original OpenStep format.
Reading of property lists is supported in either format, but only if GNUstep is built with the libxml library (which is needed to handle XML parsing).
NB. MacOS-X generates illegal XML for some strings - those which contain characters not legal in XML. GNUstep always generates legal XML, at the cost of a certain degree of compatibility. GNUstep XML property lists use a backslash to escape illegal characters, and consequently any string containing either a backslash or an illegal character will be written differently to the same string on MacOS-X.
An array of strings that lists the users preferred languages, in order or preference. If not found the default is just English.
There are some environment variables used by GNUstep base, where there would be problems obtaining data from the defaults system.
The default exception handler will either cause the program to simply terminate, or to crash - leaving a core dump. The standard behavior is to leave a core dump if the library was built for debugging, and to simply exit if it was not.
The CRASH_ON_ABORT environment variable can be used to override this behavior. If this is defined to NO, FALSE, or 0 then the program will simply exit when an exception occurs. Any other value of the variable will cause the program to generate a core dump.
When the a message is sent to a zombie object (see the
NSZombieEnabled environment variable) the
base library allows you to specify whether the program
should continue after logging the message, or have the
By default, the program will attempt to continue.
CRASH_ON_ZOMBIE variable can be used to
override this behavior. If this is defined to YES,
TRUE, or 1 then the program will log the
message sent to the zombie and then abort, producing a
core dump on systems where that is possible.
When this is set to YES, the GNUstep extension method +setShouldCleanUp: is called when the NSObject class is initialised, this turns on recording of some intentionally leaked memory (data structures intended to persist for the whole life of the process), and activates cleanup of that memory on process exit so that external tools such as valgrind will not report the memory as possibly lost.
Use of this facility is a work in progress ... many classes do not yet clean up after themselves when this is enabled.
When this is set to YES a human readable stack trace
(with function names and line numbers) is added to the output
of the description method of a raised exception object.
This only works if gnustep was built with support for it using libbfd, so it may not be available on all systems.
When this is set to NO the raw stack trace provided
by [NSException-callStackReturnAddresses] is disabled.
The possible reasons for disabling this are:
1. that the feature is implemented using a function of the gcc compiler to provide stack addresses, and the function is buggy on some systems/compiler versions, and will cause a signal to be sent which would crash your program if not caught. The GNUstep code catches the signal and recovers using a signal handler, but there have been two reports of this not working with no known cause.
2. that you have code which uses exceptions in a way in which they were not designed to be used ... so that they are routinely and frequently called rather than being called only occasionally when exceptional conditions occur. In this case you may want to disable the stack frame generation implicit in each raised exception, in order to improve performance.
When this is not set, or is set to a non-boolean value, the stack trace handling on exceptions is MacOS-X compatible ... stack return addresses are available but a human readable trace back is not logged.
This is used to specify the default encoding for 8-bit
strings (those used by 'cstring' methods of NSString).
It may be any of the 8-bit encodings supported by your system.
If this environment variable is not set, GNUstep attempts to use the characterset specified by your operating systems, locale information (using the standard nl_langinfo function) if possible.
If there is no usable operating system defined characterset, GNUstep defaults to NSISOLatin1StringEncoding.
Used in place of GNUSTEP_TARGET_CPU if the other is missing.
Used in place of GNUSTEP_TARGET_DIR if the other is missing.
Used in place of GNUSTEP_TARGET_OS if the other is missing.
Overrides the default value of the machine (hardware) name used on this system.
Overrides the default path used to locate subdirectories for GNUstep binaries withing bundles and applications. This is normally equivalent to a path made up of the GNUSTEP_TARGET_CPU and GNUSTEP_TARGET_OS
Overrides the default value of the operating system name used on this system.
Used to specify the timezone to be used if there is no timezone specified in the user defaults system. The preferred mechanism is to use the 'Local Time Zone' value from the user defaults system.
This functionality may have been disabled if the base library
was configured/built with the
If it is operational (ie unless you've deliberately disabled it), the environment variable overrides the normal path to the gnustep config file used to determine the locations of paths for the gnustep system (see later).
This is provided to support situations such as when you install into a sandbox during packaging, or where you may want to simultaneously run applications using different sets of resources but linked to a single copy of the base library, or you want to use an alternative config file for some reason.
Used on ms-windows to locate the home directory if the HOMEPATH environment variable is also used.
Used on ms-windows to locate the home directoryb in conjunction with HOMEDRIVE. If this is just a backslash then the USERPROFILE variable is used if possible.
If there is no NSLanguages user default set, and there is no language information available in the native system locale mechanism, then this environment variable is used to provide a list of the languages that the user prefers to use. languages listed in this variable must be separated by semicolons.
This is used as the default value for the current user (as returned by the NSUserName() functions). If it is not specified, or contains an illegal value, other methods are used to get the user name.
Used to override the default value of the combination of standard libraries used to build binaries. This value locates the final subdirectory used to locate binaries.
This may be used in conjunction with NSZombieEnabled to specify whether the objects should really be deallocated. If you set this to YES, the zombie logging will only work until the deallocated memory is re-used.
If this is set to YES, then deallocation of an object causes
the object to be morphed into a Zombie ... a special object
which will call the GNUstep specific GSLogZombie() function
to log the method call.
If GNUstep-base was built for debugging (make debug=yes), you can set a breakpoint in this function and examine the process memory when you are running under a debugger.
As this overrides actual object deallocation, all memory allocated for objects will be leaked unless the NSDeallocateZombies environment variable is also set.
You can use the
variable to force an abort after the message is logged.
Specifies the default socks server to be used when making
outgoing tcp/ip connections using NSFileHandle. This may
also specify a port after the host name (and separated
from it by a colon).
This environment variable is used only if the GSSOCKS user default is not set.
Equivalent to SOCKS5_SERVER, but used only if that is not defined.
Used to specify the timezone to be used if there is no timezone specified by any other mechanism. The preferred mechanism is to use the 'Local Time Zone' value from the user defaults system.
Used on windows to identify the home directory of the current used (unless HOMEPATH and HOMEDRIVE are set to point to an individual user's home).
This file is the master configuration file for GNUstep. It can be used to set the base location of all the standard paths that GNUstep programs use or know about. The location of this file depends on how the Base library was configured and/or what operating system it was configured on. On a GNU/Linux system, the default would be /etc/GNUstep/GNUstep.conf for instance, while on mswindows it would be ./GNUstep.conf (the leading './' here indicates that the file is located relative to the base library, on windows this is the location of the base library DLL, which is normally the same location as command line tools).
If setting up GNUstep in a sandbox for packaging it as part of an operating system distribution, you may well want a special configuration for use within the sandbox. The normal way to do that would be to create a GNUstep.conf file in /tmp and set the GNUSTEP_CONFIG_FILE environment variable to point to that while doing the packaging setup.
NB. The gnustep-make package sets up a configuration file to
be used when building GNUstep software, and gnustep-base
normally uses that same file, but it is important to be
aware that the two configuration files are not necessarily
the same since one is required to provide environment
variables used while building and installing software, but
the other is used when gnustep tools and applications are run
(ie in a target/deployment environment).
In particular it is normal for the two files to differ on mswindows (where the build environment is an UNIX-like MSYS shell, using the its own paths, but the deployment environment is native-windows using real windows paths).
The location of the GNUstep configuration file can be specified
when the base library is configured, using the
option of the
This configuration file is not actually required to exist, and if it does not exist, then default values will be used for the standard path locations (these default values may be specified using the
option of the
If you want to force the internal defaults to be used, you can use
--with-config-file= to specify a path
with a trailing '/' (ie with no filename) as the base library
will refrain from trying to load configuration from a file
of no name.
System paths are defined by the following:
In addition to the above SYSTEM domain paths, there are
corresponding LOCAL, NETWORK, and USER domain paths (with the
same names except for replacing 'SYSTEM' with 'LOCAL', 'NETWORK',
All these paths must be absolute, except for the USER domain paths which, if not absolute, are considered to be with the user's home directory.
NB. as a special case a path may begin with './' or '../' when it is to be resolved to an absolute path relative to the location of the GNUstep configuration file. So while such paths appear to be relative, they actually produce absolute locations at runtime since the location of the configuration file is known.
Finally, for paths in the USER domain only, a limited substitution into the path is performed at runtime as follows:
'%u' is replaced by the user name
'%i' is replaced by the user ID
'%%' is replaced by a single '%'
The GNUSTEP_DEVELOPER_DIR path may be used to specify where the development system is located. On most systems this should be the default value of '/', but on windows it should be the location of the msys/mingw filesystem (so that msys development tools can be found).
Other paths for each user are defined by the following:
The user's home directory is taken to be the standard
home directory for that user on the system
On unix, that is the user's home directory from the password file, while on windows it's the value given by the HOMEDRIVE and HOMEPATH environment variables (or the USERPROFILE environment variable if the others can't be used).
NB. The presence of a path in the configuration (and therefore
its inclusion in the paths provided by the API at runtime) does
not guarantee that the directory at that path actually
exists in the local filesystem.
However the GNUSTEP_CREATE_LIBRARY_PATH configuration value may be set to YES to tell the library to create the most commonly used per-user directory (GNUSTEP_USER_LIBRARY) on startup if it does not already exist.
All the above values from the configuration file are made
available in the NSUserDefaults system at runtime, in the
GSConfigDomain (along with any defaults provided in property
lists in the GlobalDefaults subdirectory or in the
GlobalDefaults.plist file in the same directory as the
.plist files in the GlobalDefaults
subdirectory are merged into the defaults system in an
unpredictable order, but the values from the
GlobalDefaults.plist are merged in after the
other values and will take precedence.
The global defaults files allow packagers and system administrators to provide defaults settings for all users of a particular GNUstep installation.
It is recommended that each software package provides its own defaults in the GlobalDefaults subdirectory, while the GlobalDefaults.plist file should be reserved for other system-wide settings.
The exact format of the configuration file is expected to
be that of a basic unix "conf" style file, with one
key = value per line (the format a unix shell
can 'source' in order to define shell variables).
This configuration file uses the escape sequence and quoting conventions of the standard bourne shell.
The only Keys permitted are those listed above, and all consist of uppercase letters, digits, and underscores, and must not begin with a digit.
A value may be any quoted string (or an unquoted string containing no white space).
Lines beginning with a hash '#' are deemed comment lines and ignored.
The backslash character may be used as an escape character anywhere in the file except within a singly quoted string (where it is taken literally).
A backslash followed immediately by a newline (except in a singly quoted string) is removed completely along with the newline ... it thus serves to join lines so that they are treated as a single line.
NB. Since ms-windows uses backslash characters in paths, it is a good idea to specify path values in the config file as singly quoted strings to avoid having to double all occurrences of the backslash.
The configuration files system has two features which make it possible to build standalone packages containing the entire GNUstep system in a form which can be moved anywhere and just run.
Firstly, variables in the configuration file which define
paths, are expected to by full path specifications, except
for the special case in which they begin with dot-slash (./)
or dot-dot-slash (../).
In this case the path from the variable is appended to the path of the directory containing the configuration file (or the path specified to contain the configuration file if no configuration file exists) to form the value used.
So, if you configure other paths relative to the configuration file, you can relocate everything when you move the configuration file.
Secondly, If the value of the path built in to the base library
as the location of the config file (or specified by
the GNUSTEP_CONFIG_FILE environment variable unless that option
was disabled when the base library was configured)
begins with a dot-slash (./) or dot-dot-slash (../) then the path
used for that file is made relative to the base library.
The base library contains code to determine its own location, so this allows it to locate the configuration file, and by reading the configuration file it determines where all other resources are located.
So you can bundle the whole lot together in one directory,
and configure various relative paths in that directory, then
move the directory around wherever you like.
However, if your operating system needs to know where to find the libraries it will load, you will have to tell it where they are ... typically you do this by setting an environment variable such as LD_LIBRARY_PATH to contain the full path to the directory you put the libraries in.
While the recommended setup for GNUstep is to install the
core packages in a standard location on your system, and then
install applications which make use of those core libraries,
it is sometimes desirable to have standalone applications
which don't need the core to be installed.
This is a special case of the relocatable packages described above, in which all your application's dependencies are built as relocatable packages using a filesystem layout which lets them all be stored within your application directory.
As an aide to easy creation of such standalone packages we
provide two template gnustep configuration files for a common
setup where things are stored in a 'standalone' subdirectory
of your application wrapper.
You configure/install gnustep-make with the 'standalone' filesystem layout, then you configure/build/install gnustep-base with the 'standalone.conf' default configuration file, and build/install the other libraries/packages your app depends upon.
This leaves you with a 'standalone' directory containing all the relocatable code, which you can then copy into your app wrapper to provide a complete standalone system.
cd make ./configure --with-layout=standalone make install . ~/standalone/Makefile/GNUstep.sh cd ../base ./configure --with-config-file=./GNUstep.conf --with-default-config=standalone.conf make install cd ../gui make install cd ../back make install
(cd ~; tar -cf - standalone) | (cd MyApp.app; tar -xpf -) export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=`pwd`/MyApp.app/standalone MyApp.app/MyApp
If you wish to lock down a production system for
distribution so that users can't change the config
file and mess up paths, you can specify the config file name as
a path with a trailing slash so that the base library will
not read it, and will use the built in default values.
To do this, you would configure using options like
--with-default-config=myConfig where myConfig
is a file containing the paths you want to use in the locked down
The paths from that file will be built in to the base library as defaults, and library will use them rather than attempting to read a config file at runtime.
You can lock down a relocatable system by using this procedure with './' as the config file path and relative paths in myConfig... a user could then move the entire package around, but would not be able to edit a configuration file to alter the paths within the package.
The user specific configuration file is read after the system
configuration file and may generally override values from the
main file. To prevent the use specific file from being read,
the system manager may define GNUSTEP_USER_CONFIG_FILE in the
main file to be an empty string.
In any case, the user specific file is not read if a program is running setuid.
Unless disabled (as specified above) the presence of a
.GNUstep.conf file in a users home
directory permits the user to customize file locations using all
the same commands as the system directory, though any attempt
to redefine GNUSTEP_USER_CONFIG_FILE is of course ignored.
Attempts to redefine the users home directory at this level are also ignored.
The defaults database for a user is stored in the
location given by GNUSTEP_USER_DEFAULTS_DIR in the
config file. This is usually a relative path (default, the
GNUstep/Defaults subdirectory) taken to specify
a subdirectory of the user's home directory.
On mswindows this may be set to be ':REGISTRY:' to have defaults stored in the windows registry rather than in the standard file format.
On any system this may be set to ':INTERNAL:' to use only internal defaults domains (NSArgumentDomain, NSRegistrationDomain, and GSConfigDomain). | <urn:uuid:ba460642-2dd5-4f44-9823-c305a07f3187> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.gnustep.org/resources/documentation/Developer/Base/Reference/Base.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00281-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.857424 | 5,248 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Major American businesses and trade groups are fighting newly proposed legislation intended to protect U.S. industries deemed critical to national security from China.
A bipartisan group of senators and representatives proposed legislation for inclusion within the Bipartisan Innovation Act (BIA) on June 13 that intends to protect American manufacturing power within industries considered vital to U.S. national security, the lawmakers said in a joint statement. However, organizations with vested business interests in China reportedly intend to fight the legislation, according to The Wall Street Journal.
Douglas K. Barry, senior director of communications at The U.S.-China Business Council (USCBC), told The Daily Caller News Foundation that his organization opposes the legislation, claiming it will lead to regulatory uncertainty which will paralyze companies and harm U.S. supply chains.
“We appreciate the need to ensure U.S. investments abroad do not cause national security concerns,” Barry told TheDCNF. “However, a unilateral mechanism like that in the House-passed COMPETES Act would be far too broad in covering many sectors not critical to national security, create tremendous uncertainty and reduce the competitiveness of U.S. companies.”
Over 250 companies belong to USCBC, including Airbnb, Coca-Cola, Intel, Procter & Gamble, Visa and Snickers. Despite the ongoing genocide of Uyghurs and other ethnic minorities in China, these six American companies officially sponsored the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics. Yet, these companies suspended their business operations in Russia following the Kremlin’s invasion of Ukraine.
The newly proposed legislation would reportedly require U.S. companies to disclose their intention to invest in the development of sensitive technologies — such as drones, hypersonics and pharmaceuticals — within China and other “foreign adversaries,” The Wall Street Journal reported after reviewing a draft of the bill. A new interagency panel would then have the opportunity to vet and block those proposed foreign investments deemed vital to national security.
U.S. venture firms, such as Sequoia Capital, might therefore be impacted if the legislation is implemented, according to The Wall Street Journal. Sequoia Capital has reportedly made numerous direct investments to Chinese semiconductor, robotics and biotechnology companies and has also invested in a Chinese artificial intelligence firm blacklisted by the U.S. government in 2019 for “acting contrary to the foreign policy interests of the United States.”
The pro-China lobby, which includes both Chinese government lobbyists as well as non-governmental groups advocating on behalf of Chinese interests, has ramped up its efforts in recent years, spending in total around $68 million in 2019, $73 million in 2020 and $83 million in 2021, according to Open Secrets’ database. Major American corporations with vested business interests in China, such as Apple, Intel and Procter & Gamble, have lobbied on issues related to the United States Innovation and Competition Act (USICA) — of which the newly proposed legislation would become a part.
USCBC reportedly lobbied successfully to defeat an earlier push for similar legislation requiring government reviews of U.S. investments in China in 2021, according to Politico. The National Retail Federation, which represents major U.S. retailers, also joined in efforts to oppose anti-China competition bills, Politico reported.
“USCBC is, in essence, a pro-CCP interest lobbying group,” Fu said. “USCBC is, at least, partially responsible for successfully making America dependent on China, resulting in massive strategic national security losses for the U.S., including the ongoing supply chain disaster.”
Fu said that USCBC has a clear track record of downplaying China’s human rights violations while also safeguarding China’s access to the lucrative U.S. business market.
Speaking at a 1997 hearing before the Subcommittee on Trade regarding renewing China’s most-favored-nation status, former USCBC head Robert A. Kapp argued that China’s human rights violations shouldn’t be a moral obstacle to U.S. trade.
“The notion of turning the [most-favored-nation] vote into a litmus test of the moral integrity of individual members of Congress is absolutely astounding,” Kapp said. “To say to a member of Congress — as many members have told me they have themselves been told — that their vote on a tariff measure on Chinese imports is a measure of their commitment to their most fundamental moral beliefs is an extraordinary, heavy and unacceptable burden to place on individual members of Congress, whose integrity is not in doubt.”
However, Barry called claims that USCBC had ever downplayed China’s human rights violations for the sake of business interests “utter nonsense.”
“USCBC has rarely advocated for American or Chinese workers’ rights and interests, nor does it support any initiatives on universal human rights and religious freedom issues,” said Fu. “Instead, its influence over the years provides platforms for CCP leaders’ propaganda activities, such as lobbying the U.S. government to grant China permanent normal trade relations and most-favored-nation status by delinking business with human rights in China, then helping China’s entry into the World Trade Organization.”
Barry told TheDCNF that USCBC also opposes the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act (UFLPA) — which came into force Tuesday — and requires American companies to ensure their supply chains are free from products created using Uyghur slave labor. Barry argued the newly proposed legislation might lead to regulatory uncertainty and compliance issues for U.S. businesses.
“[UFLPA] will create significant uncertainty, further snarl already stressed supply chains, and contribute to inflation,” Barry told TheDCNF. “We are expecting implementation to be messy. [Customs and Border Protection] has had to scramble to implement a complex piece of legislation in only six months.”
USCBC lobbied against the UFLPA in March 2022 by submitting comments outlining their objections to the Department of Homeland Security. Among the objections, USCBC criticized the act’s implementation timeline and characterized its scope as “extremely broad.”
Meanwhile, Apple, Coca-Cola, Nike and other American companies reportedly identified as having been beneficiaries of Uyghur slave labor by the Australian Strategic Policy Institute in March 2020 are members of USCBC.
Apple, Coca-Cola, Nike, Airbnb, Intel, Procter & Gamble, Visa, Snickers and Sequoia Capital did not respond to TheDCNF’s request for comment. | <urn:uuid:2a623ecc-de7a-4e18-a88a-b722f76530d5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tampafp.com/big-business-fights-bill-intended-to-stop-selling-america-out-to-china/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.955401 | 1,373 | 1.773438 | 2 |
COM Interoperability in VB.NET Part 2
This article elucidates how to build and install-managed code that will be used from COM applications. A classic COM server is activated using the Service Control Manager (SCM). It looks up numerous information such as CLSIDs, IIDs, ProgIDs etc.
Build a .NET Server
Callable from COM Clients
elucidates how to build and install-managed code that will be used from COM
applications. A classic COM server is activated using the Service Control
Manager (SCM). It looks up numerous information such as CLSIDs, IIDs, ProgIDs
So what is the
solution to use the .NET assemblies in the classic COM clients,
These are the steps
concerned in the build process are as follows:
- Write and compile
the managed code.
- Generate a COM type library
(*.tlb) for the assembly using the tlbexp.exe utility so that allow the COM
client to interact with the exposed types.
- Install and register the
assembly so that COM SCM to locate it.
- Write and compile
the COM code that references types in the assembly.
purposes, I have created a .NET component in C# named Calculator. For client
side, I have created a Visual Basic (VB) 6.0-based client.
Writing and Compiling the Managed Code:
To illustrate COM type
communication with managed code, Let us see an example in which I create a C#
class library which has a class named Calculatorwhich supports three methods
named Add() ,Subtract()and Hello(). Notice that we define another interface
public interface Imuldiv
int Multiply(int x,int y);
int Division(int x,int y);
public class Calculator:Imuldiv
public int Add(int x,int y)
public int Subtract(int x,int y)
int Imuldiv.Multiply(int x,int y)
int Imuldiv.Division(int x,int y)
public string Hello(string strName)
str = "Hello " + strName ;
Once the managed code is written, the compilation process is the same as it
would be for any other piece of managed code.
csc /out:Server.dll /target:library Calculator.cs
Now let us see the Server.dll in the ILDasm.exe.In that you can see the
calculator class members and Imuldiv Interface members.
GENERATING A TYPE LIBRARY AND REGISTER THE
After compiling the project we have to create a type library file. So that only
most unmanaged application development tools require a type library before you
can make references to external types.
COM states that all server application that is programmed to share their
features with other applications is to be register at a common location. The
client needs to determine the exposed methods, properties and events. This is
done via the libraries. The client reads the registry; determine the properties,
methods, and event s of the object. COM requires up information such as CLSIDs,
IIDs, and ProgIDs etc. But we know the assemblies are not registered.
.NET framework does not depend on the registry and uses metadata for this
information. Hence, we have to produce the COM-compatible registry entries for
our managed server so that the COM runtime could instantiate our server.
The .NET framework provides a couple of tools for this. You can use the Type
Library Exporter utility (TLBEXP.exe) or the Assembly Registration Utility
(Regasm.exe), both of which you'll find in the Bin directory of your .NET SDK
REGASM is a superset of the TLBEXP utility in that it also does much more than
generating a type library. It's also used to register the assembly, so that the
appropriate registry entries are made to smooth the progress of the COM runtime
and the .NET runtime to fastener up the COM aware client to the .NET component.
Usually a type library can be generated from an assembly using the regasm.exe
utility. The regasm.exe utility not only registers an assembly and it also
creates the required type library file, as shown here.
regasm Server.dll /tlb:Netserver.tlb
Now let us see the NetServer.tlb in the OLE viewer.
After creating the type library file you have to add a reference this to your
project. For example, with Visual Basic 6.0, you can reference the .tlb file or
dll file from the Project/References dialog. In Visual C++ 6.0, you can use the
#import statement to import the type definitions from the type library directly
into C++. Once the reference to the type library is added to the project, the
types defined within that library can be referenced from unmanaged code.
INSTALLING THE ASSEMBLY:
In order to actually create managed types from unmanaged code, the assembly
needs to be installed in the global assembly cache (GAC) and registered for use
You can install an assembly in the global assembly cache using gacutil.exe
utility. Assemblies can be uninstalled using the /u option.
gacutil /i simpleserver.dll
Writing and Compiling the Unmanaged Code:
Once the assembly is registered and properly installed, the types defined within
the assembly can be used from COM as though they were normal COM types.
Now you can create a simple VB 6 Standard EXE project type and as I already said
confirm whether you set a reference to the new generated type Library.
Place this code in the code section and now you see the usage of our .NET type
in Classic COM.
Private Sub Command1_Click()
Dim a As New Calculator
MsgBox(a.Add(100, 100), vbInformation, "ADDITION (100,100)")
MsgBox(a.GetType, vbInformation, "INFORMATION-TYPE")
MsgBox(a.Hello("India"), vbInformation, "STRING")
MsgBox(a.Subtract(100, 1), vbInformation, "SUBTRACTION(100-1)")
Dim i As Imuldiv 'INTERFACE
i = a
MsgBox(i.Multiply(100, 100), vbInformation, "MULTIPLICATION(100*100)")
MsgBox(i.Division(100, 100), vbInformation, "DIVISION(100/100)")
of companies have spent a great amount of money and time in COM components. With
introduction of .NET people are worried about the future of COM. Microsoft has
recognized this and provide means to use classic COM components in .NET code and | <urn:uuid:ba9fc7d3-75e1-44ea-b036-d89dbd0c133b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/ggaganesh/com-interoperability-in-VB-Net-part-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00384-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.81967 | 1,471 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Crystal bowls can help improve your meditation techniques
Although Tibetans have enjoyed the sounds and healing nature of bowls since ancient times, it was not until the 1980s that modern crystal bowls quite literally came into play. Originally used by workers in the computer industry to grow silicon chips, it was purely by chance that someone discovered the bowls' pure, resonating tones.
The generally accepted advice is to play these bowls, sometimes called crystal singing bowls, by sliding a specially-designed rubber or suede playing stick counterclockwise around the bowl. The resulting sounds promote several meditative benefits. Here are four ways you can use crystal bowls alongside meditation to enhance your results.
Use Crystal Bowls to Improve Existing Meditation
Unless you are a seasoned meditator, you may find that your thoughts interrupt your attempts. Crystal bowl sounds can help you avoid the continued temptation to listen to your inner dialogue, sometimes silencing it completely. This works best in group meditations when one person can play the bowl and lead others into a tranquil state. At the end of the session, the leader simply stops playing the bowl and allows everyone to emerge from their peaceful state gently and naturally.
Use Crystal Bowls Alongside Healing Practices
Many healing practitioners use crystal bowls to enhance the effect of any healing practice. Your healing therapist uses the sound to signify both the start and end, solely at the end, or throughout a treatment such as Reiki to offer a constant course of calm. You may find that your therapist changes the bowl that they use according to the area of your body being treated. Large bowls, for instance, work best with your outer energy, while smaller bowls are often directed toward your physical core.
Use Crystal Bowls to Cleanse Crystals
Many crystal bowl users are also interested in harnessing the benefits of working with crystals. If you’d like to try this, you must first cleanse the crystals by arranging them around the outside of a bowl while you play it. Afterward, place the crystals into the bowl and continue to play. You will then amplify the energy and effect of the cleansed crystals. Choose your favorite crystal to work with. Aquamarine will protect travelers, while bloodstone will lessen negativity. Consulting an online psychic can help you decide which one will work best for you.
Use Crystal Bowls to Energize Water
Water is known for its healing effects. It is for this reason that many practitioners choose to energize water using crystal bowls. Try it yourself by pouring spring water directly into the bowl and playing as usual. Keep it up for a few minutes to allow the sounds to fully energize the water. You can then use the water as a drink, as an addition to bathing water, or as an aid to quiet meditation.
Why not try using crystal bowls during your next private or group meditation or healing circle? It’s almost guaranteed that you will feel calmer and more energized as a result. Chat with a phone psychic if you need help with any aspect of crystal bowl meditation.
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You must be logged in to leave a comment. click here to login | <urn:uuid:77eea3ad-5a9d-4166-aae4-d66f89fe8ad6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.psychicsource.com/article/health-wellness/crystal-bowl-meditation-what-is-it-and-what-can-it-do-for-me/7747 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00299-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945854 | 639 | 1.820313 | 2 |
REPORT Nº 36/05
FERNANDO A. COLMENARES CASTILLO
March 9, 2005
1. On September 5, 1998, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (hereinafter the “IACHR” or the “Inter-American Commission”) received a petition lodged by Fernando A. Colmenares Castillo (also the “petitioner” or the “alleged victim”) against the United Mexican States (the “State” or the “Mexican State”). The complaint alleges that the State is responsible for violations of the petitioner’s right to be free from arbitrary detention; mistreatment; and violations of his rights to due process of law and to property. These violations supposedly took place during the seizure and search of Discotheque Yambalay on December 11, 1993. The complaint also alleges that the petitioner has been denied justice by Mexican authorities, because they failed to answer the petitioner’s requests for justice and to remedy the violations of his rights.
2. The petitioner asserts that the facts reported in his complaint constitute violations of the following Articles protected under the American Declaration of Rights and Duties of Man (the “American Declaration”): I, II, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, XIV, XVI, XVII, XVIII, XXI, XXII, XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI, and XXVIII. The State, for its part, argues that the petition does not state facts that tend to establish a violation of any of the rights guaranteed by the American Convention on Human Rights (the “American Convention”). The State further contends that domestic remedies have not been exhausted. Due to these reasons, the Mexican State asks that the petition be declared inadmissible.
3. In this report, the IACHR analyzes the available information in light of the provisions of the American Convention, and concludes that the petitioner has not pursued and exhausted domestic remedies in accordance with generally recognized principles of international law, and also has not presented the petition within a reasonable period of time. The Inter-American Commission therefore decides that the petition is inadmissible under Article 47(a) of the American Convention and Articles 31(1) and 32(2) of its Rules of Procedure; transmits the report to the parties; publishes the report, and orders its publication in its Annual Report.
II. PROCESSING BEFORE THE INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION
4. The petition was lodged on September 5, 1998. After an initial evaluation, the Inter-American Commission decided to ask the petitioner for more information on November 11, 1998. The IACHR received the requested information on May 19, 1999, and then the petition was registered as Case number 12.170. The Commission initiated proceedings on June 11, 1999, when it requested information from the State concerning the facts alleged by the petitioners and set a 90-day deadline.
5. The petitioner sent additional information on June 27, July 3 and August 26, 1999. The State’s response was submitted on September 13, 1999; and the pertinent parts were forwarded to the petitioner on September 19, 1999 with a request for his observations within 30 days. The petitioner asked for an 8-day extension on October 15, 1999. The IACHR granted the request extension on October 18, 1999. The petitioner submitted his observations on the State’s response on October 25, 1999. In addition, the petitioner sent additional information on September 18, October 5, October 21, October 28, and November 1st, 1999.
6. The Inter-American Commission forwarded the petitioner’s October 25 response to the State on November 15, 1999 for comments within 30 days. The State’s observations were filed on December 14, 1999. On December 17, 1999, the Inter-American Commission forwarded the pertinent parts of the State’s last observations for the petitioner’s comments within a month.
7. The petitioner sent additional information on January 3, 2000, and remitted his observations on the State’s last communication on January 10, 2000. The petitioner’s observations were then forwarded to the State for comments within 30 days. The State requested a 30-day extension on March 10, 2000, and the IACHR granted it on March 17, 2000.
8. On April 11, 2000, the petitioner sent more additional information. The State presented its observations on April 17, 2000. These were remitted to the petitioners for his observations within 30 days, on May 1, 2000. The petitioner submitted his observations on May 16, 2000, and then they were forwarded to the State on June4 12, 2000 for its observations within 30 days.
9. The State sent its observations on July 12, 2000, and these were remitted to the petitioner on July 25, 2000 for his observations within 30 days. The petitioner presented additional information on July 6 and August 21, 2000, and also his response on the State’s last observations on August 11, 2000, which was duly remitted to the State on September 19, 2000. The petitioner submitted additional information on November 9 and 30, 2000, and also on January 2, March 19, August 23, 2001, and on May 29, September 23 and 30, October 1 and 21, 2002. These communications from the petitioner were submitted to the State on December 2, 2002 with a request for comments within 30 days. The petitioner sent more communications on November 11, 2002 and February 11, 2003.
10. The State asked for a prorogation for the presentation of its observations on the petitioner’s latest communications on January 2, 2003, and the IACHR granted the extension. Then, the State presented its observations on February 7, 2003. These were forwarded to the petitioner on April 2, 2003. The petitioner presented his comments on the State’s last observations on May 22, 2003. The petitioner also sent additional communications on July 29, 2003, January 6, February 11, March 9, September 1 and 23, November 15, December 7, 2004, and January 9, 2005.
III. POSITIONS OF THE PARTIES ON ADMISSIBILITY
A. The petitioner
9. The petitioner states that on December 11, 1993, a group of about 60 to 70 heavily armed agents of the Federal Judicial Police raided without a judicial order his commercial establishment, which was named “Discotheque Yambalay” and located in Yautepec, Morelos State. According to the petitioner, police agents “planted” 150 grams of marihuana in order to extort 400 million pesos from him, in exchange for not charging him with drug-related offenses. Moreover, the petitioner denounces that police agents also used extreme violence and abuse of authority in order to insult, threaten and assault the 450 people that were present at the discotheque. He alleges that they also robbed the cashier and wrecked the facilities of both the discotheque and the offices of Light Paper and Vending de Mexico S.A. de C.V., which were located in the same building and belonged to him as well.
10. According to the petitioner, the allegedly illegal seizure and search was commanded by the Office of the Federal Public Prosecutor (the “PGR” for its name in Spanish Procuraduría General de la Republica,), namely by Francisco Javier Mascorro Garcia and Victor Manuel Medina Hernandez (PGR agents); Ricardo Muriel Martinez, Ana Lilia Sanchez Galindo, Jovita Galvan Levya, Armando Trejo Caballero and Marco Antonio Campos Torres (agents of the Federal Judicial Police); Julio Estrada Castillejos (Head of the Homicide Department of the PGR); and Fernando Aisiain Diaz Barriga (Commander of the Federal Judicial Police).
11. In addition, the petitioner claims that his rights were further violated within the context of the criminal proceedings that were initiated against him, including preliminary investigation (Averiguación Previa) No. 262/93 and criminal action No. 152/93. These proceedings allegedly violated the petitioner’s due process guarantees in several ways, for instance, through illegal constraints to Mr. Colmenares’ right to present evidence, as well as in the fabrication and destruction of evidence and procedural errors, among other irregularities.
12. The petitioner also maintains that eight months after the alleged raid, on August 19, 1994, the facilities of Light Paper and Vending de Mexico S.A. de C.V. --which had been closed since December 11, 1993 and kept under guard and custody of the PGR and the Second District Court (Juzgado Segundo de Distrito)-- were surrendered back to the petitioner after being plundered and destroyed.
13. Mr. Colmenares Castillo contends that the allegedly illegal action of the PGR and the subsequent irregularities in the criminal proceedings against him resulted in his sentencing to one year in prison for possession of marihuana on October 31, 1994. According to the petitioner, he was released on November 11, 1994 after serving 11 months. However, Mr. Colmenares asserts that he did not appeal that sentence because he had been pressured, psychologically tortured and threatened while under custody by agents of the PGR, in the sense that if he appealed the sentence, he and his family would be in danger.
14. Notwithstanding the lack of appeal, the petitioner and his family allegedly kept on being harassed and threatened by agents of the PGR. According to the petitioner, that was due to his testimony and the evidence presented by his defense in the course of criminal action no. 152/93, as well as the complaints presented that were related to the raid to his discotheque and company office and the plundering of their facilities, and the intervention of the National Commission on Human Rights and the Human Rights Department of the Archdiocese of Mexico (CARITAS). For that reason, the petitioner contends that he and his family had to flee Mexico on January 29, 1995 and apply for asylum in the United States of America, where the petitioner and his family have been living since then.
15. Lastly, the petitioner states that since 1994 he has been unsuccessfully presenting and ratifying complaints about the facts alleged in this petition before Mexican authorities. These complaints have been allegedly presented to the following governmental bodies: PGR, Office of Citizen Matters of the Presidency of the Republic (Oficina de Atención a la Ciudadanía de la Presidencia de la Republica), Supreme Court of the Nation (Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación), Ministry of Interior (Secretaria de Gobernación), Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores), Internal Affairs Department of the Office of the Public Prosecutor (Contraloría Interna de la PGR), National Commission on Human Rights (Comisión Nacional de Derechos Humanos), the Federal Council of the Judiciary Branch (Consejo de la Judicatura Federal), and the Office of the Comptroller and Administrative Development (Secretaria de la Contraloría y Desarrollo Administrativo). Moreover, the petitioner asserts that such complaints were ratified before the agency of the PGR in Cuernavaca, Morelos State, Mexico, and again in 1997 before the Mexican Consulate in Seattle, Washington State, U.S.A.
16. On the question of the exhaustion of domestic remedies, the petitioner claims that despite the numerous complaints presented to various authorities, the matters were not investigated or even considered, since the perpetrators of the alleged violations were the same authorities that had the competence to take action. The petitioner also adds that it would be absurd and unacceptable to consider that domestic remedies have not been exhausted and that, as alleged by the State, Mr. Colmenares Castillo still has the possibility of filing a writ of Amparo in order to remedy his situation, or that the procedures before the Federal Council of the Judiciary Branch are still pending. That is so because the Mexican authorities have allegedly denied the exercise of the petitioner’s most fundamental and basic constitutional rights throughout these years.
17. Indeed, the petitioner denies that he has not tried domestic remedies before presenting the petition before the Inter-American Commission. In this regard, the petitioner asserts that he presented complaints to the authorities in 1993 and 1994, as well as during the course of criminal action no. 152/93, all of which should have been seriously investigated by the Mexican State. Moreover, the petitioner points out that the Government of Mexico itself recognizes that a series of complaints have been submitted to the authorities from 1995 on. However, according to the alleged victim, these complaints have not been answered, resolved or decided, which constitutes a denial of justice and unwarranted delay, thus the exceptions to the rule of exhaustion of domestic remedies enshrined in Article 46(2)(b) and (c) of the American Convention are applicable.
B. The State’s position
18. Preliminarily, the State purports to clarify some of the facts of the case. It asserts that the operation undertaken at Discotheque Yambalay was not a seizure and search operation, but rather an inspection in a public place, in conformity with an administrative order (Oficio DEM/993/93) issued by the Delegate of the PGR in Morelos State, Guillermo Jiménez Padilla.
19. According to the State, on December 11, 1993, a group of about 30 to 40 agents of the Federal Judicial Police (Policía Judicial Federal) and two agents of the PGR arrived at Discotheque Yambalay and informed its owner, Mr. Colmenares Castillo, that they would conduct an inspection. During the inspection, the federal agents found cigarettes of marihuana inside the facility and arrested the petitioner in flagrante delicto. Then, the PGR initiated Preliminary Investigation (Averiguación Previa) No. 262 and obtained a judicial prison order (Auto Formal de Prisión) against the petitioner on December 17, 1993. The issuing of such order was appealed by the petitioner through Appeal No. 458/93, but the order was confirmed on February 18, 1994 by the Tenth Circuit Unitary Tribunal (Tribunal Unitario del Décimo Circuito). Then, the petitioner filed writ of Amparo Indirecto No. 201/94 against the acts of the judicial authorities who had issued and confirmed the prison order, but the decision was in favor of the authorities and the prison order was maintained.
20. In sum, the State alleges that the actions of the competent authorities were duly and seriously undertaken in response to the facts under analysis by the Inter-American Commission. This demonstrates, according to the State, that the denounced facts do not tend to establish a violation of the rights guaranteed by the American Convention. Furthermore, the State contends that remedies available to the petitioner within Mexico’s domestic jurisdiction have not been exhausted, as both the Mexican Constitution and the jurisprudence of the Federal Judiciary provide the writ of Amparo in order to remedy the petitioner’s situation.
21. According to the State, the National Commission on Human Rights (“CNDH” for its name in Spanish) initiated an investigation on February 10, 1994 in response to a complaint that accused agents of the PGR of committing offenses during the December 11 operation at Discotheque Yambalay. At the end of the investigation, on November 23, 1994, the CNDH recommended to the PGR that it launch an investigation on the responsibility of the agents of both the PGR and the Federal Judicial Police who had participated in the operation for the alleged commission of abuse of authority.
22. The State affirms that, for its part, the PGR undertook a series of actions related to the present case. First, it mentions that administrative procedures 001/94 and AC/12/95 were carried out. The State reports that in the first one, the authorities found that the detained people did not present any signs of violence, the existence of the drug was corroborated, and finally, the conclusion was that the petitioner’s complaint was unfounded. The second one also found no criminal responsibility of the PGR agents. Finally, the State adds that the first administrative procedure originated a third administrative procedure, labeled No. 03/94, which resulted in an administrative sanction for Francisco Mascorro García due to irregularities related to the weighing of the drugs that were seized.
23. On top of that, the State indicates that preliminary investigation No. 8816/DGSR/94 was carried out, but that it concluded with a decision that no indictment would be presented (no ejercicio de la acción penal). According to the State, that conclusion was approved on April 7, 1999, and subsequently the PGR determined that no indictment would be presented in the case.
24. Lastly, the State adds that another administrative procedure (Expediente 486/97) was launched by the Federal Council of the Judiciary Branch due to the petitioner’s allegations of illegal acts perpetrated by members of the Federal Judiciary, but that organ decided that the petitioner’s complaint was unfounded on June 25, 1997. In spite of that, the State contends that the petitioner kept on presenting documents and complaints within this sphere, and that there are still recourses pending in proceedings before the Federal Council of the Judiciary Branch.
IV. ANALYSIS OF ADMISSIBILITY
A. Competence of the IACHR ratione personae, ratione materiae, ratione temporis, and ratione loci
25. Under Article 44 of the American Convention, the petitioner is authorized to lodge petitions with the IACHR. As for the State, it has been a party to the American Convention since March 24, 1981, the date on which its instrument of ratification was deposited. The Inter-American Commission is, therefore, competent ratione personae to examine the present petition inasmuch as it alleges violations perpetrated by the Mexican State.
26. As regards competence ratione materiae, the IACHR observes that the petitioner maintains that the State violated several of his rights under the American Declaration. Therefore, in keeping with its previous practice, the Inter-American Commission deems it correct and appropriate to examine the petition in light of the rights claimed by the petitioners.
27. The IACHR states that it is, in principle, competent ratione materiae to examine the alleged violations of the rights set forth in the American Declaration, bearing in mind Articles 23 and 49 of its Rules of Procedure. However, the Inter-American Commission has previously established that once the American Convention has entered into force with respect to a State, it is that treaty and not the American Declaration that becomes the specific source of law to be applied, as long as the petition alleges violation of substantially identical rights enshrined in both instruments and a continuing situation is not involved.
28. In the case under consideration, the articles of the American Declaration invoked by the petitioner are subsumed in articles of the American Convention. Consequently, the Inter-American Commission declares that it is competent ratione materiae insofar as the petition refers to alleged violations of human rights protected by the American Convention. Notwithstanding the petitioner’s claims of violations of the American Declaration, due to the aforementioned, the IACHR will refer only to the norms of the American Convention when addressing the alleged violations of the former instrument.
29. The IACHR is competent ratione temporis because the facts alleged occurred when the obligation to respect and guarantee the rights established by the American Convention was already in force for the State, as it ratified that instrument on March 24, 1981.
29. The Inter-American Commission is competent ratione loci because the facts alleged occurred within the territory of a State party to the American Convention.
B. Admissibility requirements
1. Exhaustion of domestic remedies
30. Article 31(1) of the IACHR's Rules of Procedure specifies that, in order to decide on the admissibility of a matter, the Inter-American Commission must verify whether the remedies of the domestic legal system have been pursued and exhausted in accordance with generally recognized principles of international law.
31. If a State alleges non-exhaustion and proves the existence of specific domestic remedies that should have been utilized, the petitioner has the burden of showing that those remedies were exhausted or that the case comes within the exceptions of Article 46(2). As the Inter-American Court of Human Rights has affirmed, “[i]t must not be rashly presumed that a State party to the Convention has failed to comply with its obligation to provide effective domestic remedies […] The rule of prior exhaustion of domestic remedies allows the state to resolve the problem under its internal law before being confronted with an international proceeding. This is particularly true in the international jurisdiction of human rights, because the latter reinforces or complements the domestic jurisdiction."
32. In the present matter, there are two separate instances regarding the alleged violations and the exhaustion of domestic remedies. The first one refers to the due process violations in the course of the criminal action against the petitioner. The second one refers to the complaints presented by Mr. Colmenares Castillo about the facts that occurred on December 11, 1993, and the actions then undertaken by the Mexican judicial and administrative bodies.
33. The State has alleged that the domestic remedies that are available to the petitioner within Mexico’s domestic jurisdiction have not been exhausted, as the petitioner has not filed a writ of Amparo in order to remedy his situation. The IACHR has previously established that in Mexico the writ of Amparo is the available, appropriate, and effective judicial proceeding to remedy a wrongful sentence imposed on a person or other official act that violates the human rights of a person. In its Report on the Human Rights Situation in Mexico, the IACHR asserted that
[Amparo’s] purpose is to protect persons from any official act (broadly construed) which causes harm to a person’s interests and which is deemed to violate the rights enshrined in the Constitution. Amparo proceedings seek to invalidate the act in question or to render it without effect on the grounds of unconstitutionality or illegality in the specific circumstances in which it occurred.
34. According to the information received from both parties, the Inter-American Commission considers that the petitioner has not filed a writ of Amparo to remedy his situation. The petitioner mentioned several complaints he presented to authorities without any success. However, the IACHR considers that most of such complaints do not constitute effective remedies in the sense established by the jurisprudence of the Inter-American system, and therefore the petitioner was under no obligation to exhaust them before having access to the individual petition mechanism provided for in the American Convention.
35. With regard to the characteristics of the domestic remedies that are required to be exhausted, the Inter-American Court has stated that,
Adequate domestic remedies are those which are suitable to address an infringement of a legal right. A number of remedies exist in the legal system of every country, but not all are applicable in every circumstance. If a remedy is not adequate in a specific case, it obviously need not be exhausted.
36. Along the same lines, the IACHR has previously ascertained that administrative remedies such as lodging a petition or complaint with the National Commission on Human Rights, for instance, “is not a suitable remedy for the alleged human rights violations described in the instant case […] [since] it is not effective in the sense established by the case law of the Inter-American system, for which reason the petitioner [is] under no obligation to exhaust it before having access to the international protection provided for in the American Convention.”
37. Likewise, the Inter-American Commission considers that complaints such as the one before the Federal Council of the Judiciary, or the complaints that the petitioner presented to the Office of Citizen Matters of the Presidency of the Republic, the Supreme Court, the Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Internal Affairs Department of the Office of the PGR, or the Office of the Comptroller and Administrative Development.
38. With regard to the facts denounced, from the operation that took place at Discotheque Yambalay on December 11, 1993 to the subsequent related facts, all of which, if true, would constitute crimes under Mexican domestic legislation, the IACHR deems that the appropriate remedy in order to examine the exhaustion of domestic remedies is the complaint (queja) that the petitioner presented to the PGR on December 5, 1994 about the alleged robbery and related facts, which resulted in the launching of a preliminary federal investigation (Averiguación Previa no. 8816/DGSR/94).
39. According to the information received, the decision taken by the PGR on April 7, 1999 that no indictment would be presented could be appealed by means of a writ of Amparo, which was not presented by the petitioner. Similarly, he could have sought remedy by means of the same writ to question the other acts of Mexican authorities that he deemed harmful to his interests, or that violated his rights enshrined in the Mexican Constitution or in the American Convention.
40. The petitioner has not presented justifiable arguments for not pursuing the constitutional remedy provided for in Mexican domestic legislation in order to have the State resolve the matter under its internal law before being confronted with the international proceeding of the IACHR. In that regard, the petitioner has simply asserted that Mexican authorities have denied the exercise of his most fundamental and basic constitutional rights since 1993. Nevertheless, the alleged victim has not presented any valid arguments that might excuse him from the filing of a writ of Amparo in order to have the decision not to prosecute the persons accused by him reviewed. Neither did he attempt that recourse to revert any other act by State agents.
41. Accordingly, the IACHR finds that the petitioner’s claims regarding the lack of investigation or prosecution for the crimes allegedly committed against him are barred from consideration under Article 31(1) of its Rules of Procedure and Article 46(1)(a) of the American Convention and, to that extent, the petition is inadmissible.
2. Time period for lodging a petition
42. With regard to the first set of violations as mentioned above (supra, para. 32), it must be noted that the petitioner was convicted and sentenced to one year in prison for possession of marihuana on October 31, 1994. Then, after serving 11 months, he was released on November 11, 1994. According to the petitioner, he did not appeal that sentence because agents of the PGR had pressured, psychologically tortured and threatened him while he was under custody. While the Inter-American Commission will not pronounce itself on the veracity of such allegations, it acknowledges that the petitioner may have presented a justifiable excuse under Article 46(2)(b), since the alleged victim may have been “prevented from exhausting [the domestic remedies].”
43. In addition to the exhaustion of domestic remedies, the American Convention also establishes in Article 46(1)(b) that a petition must be “lodged within a period of six months from the date on which the party alleging the violation of his rights was notified of the final judgment.” That rule obviously applies only to cases where a final judgment has been rendered. In cases where an exception to the six-month rule applies, the Rules of Procedure of the IACHR ascertain that “the petition shall be presented within a reasonable period of time, as determined by the Commission.”
44. Because the purpose of the American Convention is the protection of fundamental freedoms of the individual, the jurisprudence of the Inter-American system has allowed certain leeway regarding procedural time periods, depending upon the circumstances of a given case and within certain reasonable limits. In the present case, even considering that the petitioner may have had a well-founded fear of retaliations against him or his family while he was in prison or right after being released, the IACHR observes that the petitioner fled Mexico on January 29, 1995. Since that date, the alleged victim and his family have been living in the United States of America, and he has not presented any information concerning continuing threats from Mexican State agents during this period.
45. The petition was presented on September 5, 1998, i.e., more than three years and seven months after the petitioner left Mexico. In the instant case, the Inter-American Commission considers that the petition was not lodged within a reasonable period of time regarding the alleged due process violations in the course of the criminal action that resulted in the petitioner’s conviction on October 31, 1994.
46. Therefore, in relation with the alleged violations of due process, the petition does not satisfy the requirement stipulated in Article 32(2) of the IACHR’s Rules of Procedure, hence it is inadmissible.
47. In light of its conclusion as to the exhaustion of domestic remedies (supra, para. 41) and as to the timeliness of the petition, the Inter-American Commission does not consider it necessary to address the remaining elements of admissibility.
48. The IACHR concludes that it has the competence to examine the petitioner’s allegations.
49. The Inter-American Commission also concludes that the claims raised in the petition are inadmissible, on the basis that the alleged victim has failed to pursue and exhaust domestic remedies in accordance with the generally recognized principles of international law, and also has not presented the petition within a reasonable period of time, to the detriment of Articles 46(1)(a) of the American Convention, and 31(1) and 32(2) of the IACHR’s Rules of Procedure.
50. On the basis of the findings of fact and law set forth above,
THE INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
1. Declare the present case inadmissible.
2. Transmit this report to the parties.
3. Publish this report and include it in its Annual Report to the General Assembly of the Organization of American States.
Done and signed at the headquarters of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, in Washington, D.C., on the 9th day of the month of March 2005. (Signed): Clare K. Roberts, President; Susana Villarán, First Vice-President; Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro, Second Vice-President; Commissioners Evelio Fernández Arévalos, José Zalaquett, Freddy Gutiérrez and Florentín Meléndez.
In accordance with Article 37 of the Rules of Procedure of the IACHR, in force at the time.
See, e.g., IACHR, Annual Report 2000, Amílcar Ménendez et al v. Argentina, Case 11.670, Report No. 3/01, OEA/Ser.L/V/II.111 Doc. 20 rev. at 95, para. 40.
See also, Interpretation of the American Declaration of the
Rights and Duties of Man
See IACHR, Amílcar Menéndez et al v. Argentina, supra note 1, para 41.
Advisory Opinion OC-10/89, supra, para. 46
The IACHR has established that it has competence to examine violations of the American Declaration and the American Convention as long as ongoing violation of the rights protected in both instruments is verified. See, e.g., IACHR, Annual Report 1987-88, Resolution 26/88, Case 10.190, Argentina; and IACHR, Annual Report 1998, Report 38/99, Argentina, para. 13.
See I/A Court H.R., Velásquez Rodríguez Case, Merits, Judgment of July 29, 1988, Ser. C Nº 4, paras. 60 and 61.
See IACHR, Santos Soto Ramirez and Sergio Cerón Hernández, Case 12.117, Report No. 68/01, OEA/Ser./L/V/II.114 Doc. 5 rev. at 216, paras. 10-15 (2001).
IACHR, Report on the Human Rights Situation in Mexico, OEZ/Ser.L/V/II.100, Doc. 7 rev. 1, September 24, 1998, para. 93.
I/A Court H.R, Velásquez Rodríguez Case, see supra, note 7, para. 64.
IACHR, Ejido "Ojo de Agua" v. Mexico, Case 11.701, Report N° 73/99, OEA/Ser.L/V/II.106 Doc. 3 rev. at 316 (1999), para. 16.
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Even though a record number of women are running for office this year, barriers remain even if they win. Illinois Sen. Tammy Duckworth gave birth Monday to daughter Maile Pearl Bowlsbey, becoming the first U.S. Senator to have a baby while in office. Duckworth jumpstarted the conversation about America’s world-lagging accommodations for new mothers, at her workplace and others, by pointing out that she technically can’t take maternity leave from the Senate.
She plans to work with her Democratic colleagues to change the rules so that she can bring her baby onto the Senate floor. In publicly voicing her frustration, she brought renewed attention to the fact that many mothers in the U.S. have been making do with miserly treatment.
And she’s got company elsewhere; the U.S. isn’t the only place with lousy or nonexistent maternity leave policies for legislators. In Canada, members of parliament don't receive parental leave benefits because they don't pay into the employment insurance system. They're not allowed to vote while they’re absent. They have to use their sick time, and if they miss more than 21 days, their pay is docked at the rate of $120 a day. In the U.K., members of parliament similarly don't get parental leave and lose voting rights when absent.
When many legislatures wrote their rules, they didn't conceive of a situation where members would be giving birth. But some things are changing. In the U.K., the House of Commons agreed in principle to let new parents nominate a colleague to cast votes in their absence. (Currently, the absent member is not allowed to vote — and a member of the opposing party also can agree not to vote, in what is called “pairing,” a quirky and informal arrangement to balance things out.) Canada, too, now says its parliament will develop a parental leave plan for its members.
Closer to home, U.S. states are making some progress. Delaware lawmakers are considering a bill that would give 12 weeks of paid parental leave to full-time state employees. The new Virginia Speaker of the House of Delegates recently extended paid family leave to House employees. And last year, Missouri granted paid family leave to many state workers, including House members. (Illinois offers four weeks of paid parental leave for state workers.)
It isn’t clear what will happen with Sen. Duckworth’s proposal. “Senator Duckworth is hardly the first parent to juggle caring for a child with the demands of a job, nor does she wish to remain the only sitting Senator to give birth while in office,” said her spokeswoman, Kiera Ellis. “She is committed to tearing down barriers that make it harder for any working parent to succeed, wherever they may be.”
Duckworth’s comments are a reminder that the U.S. is the only wealthy country that doesn’t mandate paid parental leave for its workforce. Federal lawmakers are a privileged group; Duckworth plans to take 12 weeks of paid leave, though she notes that under current rules, she is unable to vote while away from the Senate, making it hard for her to actually take time off. Many other new parents have little power at their jobs and no financial cushion.
Rep. Carolyn Maloney, a Democrat from New York, first introduced the Federal Employees Paid Parental Leave Act all the way back in 2000. She keeps bringing it up — the last time she reintroduced the bill was in 2017. It’s still sitting in committee. “With the new spotlight on the lack of parental leave given Sen. Duckworth’s pregnancy, I’m hopeful that my colleagues will be more open to discussing and moving forward with this legislation,” Rep. Maloney said in an email.
Compare that with Europe, where many countries have had paid maternity leave policies for decades.
Duckworth raised the issue of potentially needing to vote while breastfeeding, and a few female politicians have made a point of feeding their children in public to raise awareness. (Meanwhile, a former Senate parliamentarian suggested — perhaps he meant to be helpful — that Duckworth could use a bathroom near the Senate floor.) In 2016, a Spanish legislator caused a backlash by fulfilling a campaign promise to breastfeed in parliament (the acting interior minister called it "lamentable"). Last year, an Australian lawmaker became the first to breastfeed in her parliament. In the U.S., Kelda Roys, a Democrat running for Wisconsin governor, received a largely positive reaction after she released a campaign ad showing her breastfeeding her infant daughter.
But despite all the attention given to examples such as Jacinda Ardern, the new prime minister of New Zealand and a mom-to-be, overall progress for female politicians has been very slow. Worldwide, women make up only 23.4% of national legislatures, according to the Inter-Parliamentary Union. That’s a meager increase from 22.1% in January 2015. The U.S. is slightly lower, at 19% in the House and 22% in the Senate. Compare that with the Nordic countries—Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden—at 41.4%, and America looks pretty retrograde. (In Denmark, possibly one of the best places in the world to be a parent, members of parliament get up to a year of paid parental leave.) But even the rest of Europe, excluding those Nordic countries, reaches only 26%.
The numbers could look better in the U.S. after the 2018 elections. Sen. Hillary Clinton’s candidacy in 2016 inspired many women to run for office. Only 51 women have ever served in the U.S. Senate—but 22 of those are in office now, an all-time high.
Even though there are plenty of fathers in politics, women often are the loudest voices advocating to make legislatures more family-friendly with arrangements such as rooms for breastfeeding and daycare centers. If more women win elections, more policies like the ones Sen. Duckworth is promoting could advance.
“Women across the country are asking—not just asking, but demanding—to have environments where they can have full participation,” says Clare Bresnahan English, executive director of She Should Run, a nonprofit that trains women to run for office. “Voters really respect when women call [sexism] out. Senator Duckworth is doing this beautifully right now.”
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This fall, ACT is co-sponsoring a lecture series as part of MAS.S63 | Black Mobility and Safety in the US I, a new course taught by Ekene Ijeoma, Director of the Poetic Justice Group at the MIT Media Lab.
On Tuesday, October 6, 2020, beginning at 2pm, Linda Villarosa will join the class, and will be responding to the prompt of Breathing While Black.
Linda Villarosa is a contributing writer to the New York Times Magazine, covering race and public health and a former executive editor at Essence Magazine. Her 2018 Times Magazine cover story on infant and maternal mortality in black mothers and babies was nominated for a National Magazine Award. Last year she contributed to the ground breaking 1619 Project. Her essay highlighted physiological myths, based on race, that have endured since slavery. Linda’s April 29 cover story examined race, health disparities and covid-19 through the lens of the Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club of New Orleans, and her August 2 article, The Refinery Next Door, looked at environmental justice in Philadelphia. Linda teaches journalism and Black Studies at the City College of New York and is writing the book Under the Skin: Race, Inequality and the Health of a Nation, which will be published by Doubleday in 2021.
In this seminar and studio, Ijeoma will guide students to listen, learn, reflect and respond to issues around mobility (physical, mental, socio-economical, political, etc) and safety for Black Americans through words, images, and sounds that reference social science and anti-racist research. Weekly meetings will be organized around public lectures from guests ranging from designers and urban planners to activists and social scientists, and private individual presentations for the group.
Part of a two-semester course, Black Mobility and Safety in the US is organized into two-week topics around living while Black. The first semester (Fall 2020) will include: birthing, breathing, sleeping, eating, and walking; the second: learning, voting, driving, working, and loving. By the end of each semester, students will have the resources and tools to actively listen and respond critically to issues of Black mobility in the context of their own fields and their purposes. | <urn:uuid:f253730b-17ac-46f7-865f-e4f1341b0f38> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://act.mit.edu/2020/09/linda-villarosa-on-breathing-while-black/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.945621 | 463 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Making conference badges is a tough job. Unless you’re sitting on a gold mine, you have to contact a whole bunch of sponsors for help, work the parts that you can get into a coherent design, and do it all on the quick for a large audience. The EMF team is this close to getting it done, but they need some sponsorship for the assembly. If you know anyone, help them out! If they can’t line something up in the next two weeks, they’ll have to pull the plug on the badge entirely.
Electromagnetic Field is a summer-camp hacker convention / festival that takes place in England and is now in its third iteration. As with other big cons, the badge is a good part of the fun.
The 2016 EMF badge looks to be amazing. It’s powered by an ST STM32L4 low-power micro, a color LCD screen, a TI CC3100 WiFi radio module onboard, and a ridiculous number of other features including a gyro and magnetometer, and a giant battery. It’s also a testbed for the brand-new MicroPython, which aims to bring everyone’s favorite scripting language to embedded processors. In fact, they’ve largely built the MicroPython WiFi drivers for the badge.
If they can’t get a sponsor, all is not lost because everything is open source. We’ll all reap the benefits of their hard work. But that’s not the point. The point is that hundreds of hackers will be standing around in a field outside of London without the most audacious badge that we’ve seen designed dangling from their necks.
If you know anyone who can help, get in touch?
Thanks [schneider] for the tip! | <urn:uuid:098e6fd8-3b97-48bb-843e-63cda8635e10> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://hackaday.com/tag/camp/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720026.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00457-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942116 | 372 | 1.507813 | 2 |
A Yoga Home Practice Routine is vital to develop a sustainable yoga practice for well-being. In addition to class attendance, any serious yoga student, no matter his or her level, has to grow a regular practice at home, gym, or as part lifestyle exercise such as walking or surfing.
Yoga as a way of being is key to the effective use of body and mind, and its integration in all areas of work and recreation. Such holistic development comes from honing yoga techniques and its application through, for example, breath, posture and mindset awareness – growth that is nurtured by a regular home practice routine.
Perhaps the most important benefit of yoga practice is the “reset” effect yoga exerts on body and mind. This re-set reverses the constant outflow of energy when we are in doing mode, so prevalent of modern lifestyle, where we tend to always be busy, thinking, exercising, often radically exposed to sensory stimulation. Yoga takes the mind within, to release body stress, to undo the negative or detrimental conditioning caused by the disconnect of mind from body and spirit.
My Yoga Home Practice Routine will let you to start, or end, (or both), your day with a terrific feeling, clean slate, as it re-sets your body, mind and its energy field. This yogic re-set negates the overwhelm of business and negativity, to recharge your batteries, and re-affirm your positive yoga class practice, and to condition body and mind to embed its values. An effective yoga home practice routine is a powerful way to revitalize your energy field as a whole.
Please download (and use!) my Way of Being – Yoga Home Practice Routine
– Free Download pdf
The combinations of my Yoga Home Practice Routine Free Download, poses and practices, are from my 2006 book and CD, Five Keys to Well-being.
Please note that this yoga home practice routine is only intended for use by persons with yoga experience. For detailed instructions on how to do the poses consult the Five Keys to Well-being book. Consult the web links for additional practice aids.
Strive for gentle, healing yoga practice when tired or aching. Always exercise with caution, especially in twists and backbends. Always follow twists and back bends with a forward stretch and always complete your routine with any round back forward stretch, and/or followed by a reclining hug.
Free online resources from Johann and Being Music
Always remember that a little yoga home practice goes a long way!
Enjoy, and practice with routine, with enthusiasm. Also read my blog entry How much yoga practice must I do to benefit?
Stellenbosch, 19 July, 2013 | <urn:uuid:5d014a93-319c-4876-8124-ab7ff6c15cef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.beingambientmusic.com/yoga-home-practice-routine-free-download.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.93953 | 551 | 1.921875 | 2 |
How to Make a Heritage Scrapbook
How to make a heritage scrapbook... It's not that different from any other scrapbook, but you may have to do a little more research for your journaling, so let's start there.
How to make a heritage scrapbook (Journaling)
The easiest thing to do is start with yourself, your parents and each set of grandparents, and then ask yourself (and them) the following questions:
#1 - Who... What is this person's full formal name (first, middle, last [maiden])?
If you are researching a female, be sure to get her maiden name if she is/was married, as all records prior to her marriage will be under her maiden name.
You also want to determine whether this individual is a "Jr., III, etc.", as that could be a determining factor when reviewing certain records.
Other questions to ask...
Who are they in relation to you (uncle, great-grandfather, etc.) and what side (maternal or paternal) are they on?
Do they have any nicknames (e.g., they always go by Bill even though their name is William).
Is this relative named after anyone in particular? If so, you could make a layout featuring the person and the individual they are named after.
#2 - When...
When was this person born and when did they die (if deceased)?
When were they baptized?
When did they get married?
If this person is part of the first generation in the country, when did they arrive?
#3 - Where...
Where was this person born?
Where did they die and where are they buried (if deceased)?
Where did they get married?
Where did they get baptized?
Did they ever live in other towns/countries?
The one thing to keep in mind is that you get as much detail as possible about the location. Not just the city and state, but the county (parish) and country. For specific events (marriage, baptism, etc.), make sure to get the church and/or cemetery name. For cemetery records, some people go to the extent of getting the exact plot location.
As you can see, these are very similar to the "Five W's" that you can help build the framework and journaling for your heritage scrapbook.
How to make a heritage scrapbook (Layouts)
Now, to complete your heritage scrapbook, you will combine the answers to these questions with the photos of your ancestors.
In order to make things manageable, take the first page or two of your heritage scrapbook and replicate the portion of the family tree that you will be covering (and how it connects to the others).
The 12" x 12" sketch below is an example of a page that you might use for your Mom and Dad or any other couple. The two primary pictures are your parents, the pictures in the upper corners are their parents (your grandparents) and the pictures on the lower portion of the sketch are you and any siblings.
NOTE: If you have a lot of brothers and sisters you may want to incorporate some sort of flip book into the layout, so you don't sacrifice space for information about the person in an attempt to capture the entire family.
For each person, you can also include any type of information that you want – hair color, eye color, likes/dislikes, etc.
How to make a heritage scrapbook (Colors)
A lot of people will stick with blacks, tans and browns when working on heritage scrapbooks because it "fits" the theme - they want their scrapbook to look like an old book.
You can obviously take this approach or you can get more creative and modern approach by using vibrant colors (especially if you are using solely black and white pictures).
If you have any other questions on how to make a heritage scrapbook, don't hesitate to drop me a line. | <urn:uuid:50820c82-9c45-4720-b178-84570785d385> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.creative-scrapbook-layouts.com/how_to_make_a_heritage_scrapbook.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.961826 | 826 | 2.28125 | 2 |
This PSLE book is based on the latest Ministry of Education syllabus. Themes covered in this series are Diversity, Cycles, Interactions, Systems and Energy. These activities allow students to go beyond the textbook and further explore the real-world context of Science. These experiments stimulate students’ thinking and provoke curiosity in a fun and exciting manner. Students will be able to pick up skills such as observation, comparing, communicating, inferring, classifying, predicting, analysing and evaluating while carrying out the various experiments in this book. Complete answers are given for self-evaluation. | <urn:uuid:bf1ed6b1-de52-4801-933f-9d39be5245f7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://shop.ilovereading.sg/products/score-al1-for-science-psle-science-challenging-questions-learning-through-experiments | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.934177 | 119 | 3.375 | 3 |
When a player challenges another player who has formed multiple words in a single turn, is it necessary to identify the speific word, or are all words open to the challenge?
by Bob Guarino
(Rochester, NY USA)
My recollection from reading Scrabble rules that come with the board game is that any and all words played in a turn are open to a challenge, and the challenger does not have to specify which word is being challenged. For instance, if the following three words are formed in a single turn: "IR"; "DE" and "REITTER", the challenger need only declare a generic / blanket challenge, and if any of the words are found to be unacceptable, the challenger is successful.Hi Bob - thanks for such a thorough explanation of your question. Like a lot of scenarios that occur during Scrabble games, the box rules do not specify enough detail to answer your question. So let me tell you what happens in Scrabble tournaments under 'official' rules, and you can use it to decide on a rule that suits you and your opponent...
The challenger writes down the challenged word/s on a slip of paper (so the challengee does indeed get to see which word/s is/are being challenged). HOWEVER, the result slip (after being assessed by the official adjudicator) is returned with a single tick or cross. In other words, neither player finds out which word/s is/are incorrect.
I personally like this way of handling challenges in Scrabble because it always advantages the person who knows which of the plays is/are incorrect. In other words, the person with the better word knowledge benefits most of the time.
Of course, it's difficult to play like this when there are only two players (i.e. no independent adjudicator) since the challenger will see which word/s is/are ok and which ones aren't. One way out is to use a Scrabble adjudication program that allows you to enter the word/s you want to challenge into a computer and will return a 'yes' or 'no' without indicating to either player which word/s is/are invalid.
I've described where you can get a free app called Zyzzyva that does just this in my Scrabble Helper Library. Just remember to select 'Word Judge' from the 'File' menu to run it in adjudication mode, because it does lots of other funky stuff too ;-)
The result of the challenge you used as an example is shown in the picture I've added to the top of this post. See - no hint as to which word/s is/are incorrect!
I hope that's helpful Bob, but if not, please feel free to use the comments link below my response to continue the discussion.
All the best.P.S. Something I glossed over above. You are correct in recalling that a player can challenge 'any OR all' of the words formed by their opponent's play, but they are not all challenged by default. You have to specify which word/s you wish to challenge.
The main reason for this is that many games are played to a 'penalty challenge' rule in which you are penalized for challenging a word that turns out to be valid. In that case, it obviously makes sense to challenge only words you are doubtful about.
If you're interested, I wrote a little bit about the penalty challenge rule here.
Click here to post comments
Return to Scrabble Help. | <urn:uuid:9641db34-0d9d-4d24-a1c1-b9f1bd02b20d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.word-buff.com/when-a-player-challenges-another-player-who-has-formed-multiple-words-in-a-single-turn-is-it-necessary-to-identify-the-speific-word-or-are-all-words-open-to-the-challenge.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00063-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954085 | 728 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Inside China’s reopening: 7 personal stories of life after lockdown
How does an economy reopen? It’s the question facing so many nations that implemented mass or partial lockdowns as the deadly COVID-19 virus swept the globe. In these places, the worst physiological effects of the coronavirus appear to have passed—at least for now. The devastating economic toll—purposefully inflicted by the shuttering of nonessential businesses—remains and must be urgently addressed.
China, the first country to confront the coronavirus, has made an initial attempt to respond to this question. The answer is not easy. Like their peers globally, Chinese cities implemented restrictions at different times and by different measures as they weighed economic costs against public health benefits. Their reopening reflects that patchwork.
Caught up in local directives to close and reopen—and in some cases, to close again—are people, whose individual stories provide snapshots of how the coronavirus continues to touch the most populous country on Earth.
Below, Fortune has captured seven of those stories from seven people in seven cities.
Individually, they depict the distinct ways Chinese cities are trying to return to “normal”: the incentives, deterrents, and digital tools they’re using to reignite their economies and protect against subsequent coronavirus waves. Together, they reveal the pandemic’s shared human experience—in China, and beyond.
Zach Bielak, an American tech entrepreneur who’s lived in Shenzhen for three years, faced an invasive ordeal when he returned to post-lockdown China by plane. A 6 a.m. throat swab and two-week mandatory quarantine were only part of it. The process was disorienting—even in a city known for mass surveillance—and Bielak expects it to be the new normal.
Zhexuan Huang, 21, was supposed to have spent this winter and spring on the University of Pennsylvania campus. Instead, he was holed up with his parents and grandmother in their Wuhan apartment. Nearly a month after Wuhan’s lockdown lifted, his time in isolation feels distant, but deep anxiety remains.
Jasmine Yang, a 37-year-old cofounder of a coding education company in Chengdu, describes the city’s lockdown in apocalyptic terms. Its reopening has been jarring too as she’s had to rethink how her workplace operates in a world shaped by the pandemic.
Vicky Zhao’s hometown of Shanghai, largely spared from the worst of the outbreak, eased into its shutdown, and—just weeks later—it eased back out. The consultant is still taking some precautions, but she’s so far eschewed the contract-tracing app that’s become so essential in other Chinese cities.
Peter Zhou, a 25-year-old Cornell graduate working for a tech startup in Hangzhou, says some reopening restrictions in the city, known as a technology hub, have already become formalities. Health monitoring QR codes, for instance, aren’t always checked seriously. Yet technology of another kind has taken a firmer hold: manual labor—carried out by virus-susceptible humans—continues to be automated, but now at a quicker clip.
Cathy Fu, a communications professional in Beijing, was nearly turned away from a favorite restaurant when she emerged from a 14-day mandatory quarantine. The staff finally let her in after she displayed a certificate that she’d completed two weeks of isolation. Beijing never implemented a blanket lockdown, but Fu’s experience illustrates that the Chinese capital is still employing precautionary tactics that go beyond measures taken in other Chinese metropolises.
In early April, the situation in Harbin, a city of 10 million was finally looking up for Bill Bailey, a 60-year-old American who teaches English at a university there. He had been largely confined to his on-campus apartment for 10 weeks owing to the pandemic, but cars were back in the streets and people were returning to local businesses. But days later, a second-wave of coronavirus cases dashed that progress, as the city reimposed some lockdown measures it had just lifted.
Read all the stories in this Fortune series:
—A Shenzhen entrepreneur gets a 6 a.m. throat swab and mandatory quarantine
—A Wuhan college student still avoids restaurants and public transit
—A tech founder in Chengdu returns to a changed workplace
—A Shanghai consultant eschews a contact-tracing app
—A startup operations manager in Hangzhou sees automation accelerating
—A Beijing tech worker needs a quarantine certificate to dine out
—A Harbin university professor confronts a second lockdown
Subscribe to Fortune’s forthcoming Eastworld newsletter for expert insight on what’s dominating business in Asia. | <urn:uuid:93796a95-8af7-465c-a779-8c2e1286b01a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fortune.com/2020/05/04/china-economy-reopens-after-lockdown/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.958808 | 1,005 | 1.796875 | 2 |
If you are required to work from height, you are required to manage the risk of a fall, and a fall prevention system is recommended because this will assist in limiting or removing the risk of an incident. The Working at Heights Association offers its advice on managing fall protection.
Safe Work NSW, in their document on ww.safework.nsw.gov.au indicate that in 2010-11, 7730 serious injuries were lodged due to falls from height. This means that 21 employees each day lodged a claim for a falls-related injury that required one or more weeks off work and males accounted for three-quarters of the falls-related claims.
Safe Work Australia in their document “Construction Industry Profile”, which may be found on www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au have shown that the number of workers in the construction industry has grown by 33 per cent over the last 11 years.
Within the construction industry, 76 per cent of workers were classed as employees and were covered by workers’ compensation schemes and there have been significant reductions in the numbers and rates of injuries and fatalities in this industry over the last ten years or more.
In 2013–14 the construction industry again accounted for 9 per cent of the workforce but accounted for 12 per cent of work-related fatalities. Around 12 600 workers’ compensation claims are accepted from the construction industry each year for injuries and diseases involving one or more weeks off work.
- Working at Height Fall Arrest Harnesses
- Importance of understanding what you are lifting
- How an inventor and a contractor came together to change the face of safety in construction
This equates to 35 serious claims each day. In 2012–13, the construction industry had the 4th highest incidence rate of serious claims per 1000 employees and 5th highest fatality rate per 100, 000 workers in 2013–14.
Year-to-date 2020 as of October 8th there have been 121 Australians killed at work, not all in falls from height though the incidence of falls from height account for some 35 per cent of injuries and death in construction and mining, though it is interesting to note that construction is not the worst as transport, postal and warehousing head the list with 38 per cent of the deaths in industry, whilst Safe Work NSW list falls from trucks/vehicles as high risk.
Cranes are an important part of the various elements that make up the construction industry. Managers and PCBUs of the construction industry recognise that operating cranes is complex and can be dangerous requiring workers to have the necessary skills and capabilities to carry out their work safely.
Every year there are injuries and deaths from work involving cranes:
- Between 2003 to 2015, 47 workers were killed in incidents involving cranes.
- On average there are around 240 serious injury claims every year.
- The most common causes of injuries are muscular stress while handling objects (21 per cent, being hit by moving objects (16 per cent), falls from a height (11 per cent), being trapped between stationary and moving objects (8 per cent) and being hit by falling objects (7 per cent).
- The most common types of injuries are trauma to joints, ligaments muscles and tendons (41 per cent), wounds, lacerations, amputations and internal organ damage (27 per cent) and fractures (19 per cent).
- The most common occupations involving crane incidents are machine and stationary plant drivers (29 per cent), automotive engineering and trades workers (19 per cent) and construction and mining labourers (12 per cent).
Falls from cranes certainly are not the major cause of injury or death which goes a long way to recognise the effort that the crane operators’ supervisors and managers prepare, train and counsel their workers to work safely at height.
Over the last 10 years or more, there have been significant reductions in the numbers and rates of injuries and fatalities in the construction industry though it still remains a high-risk industry where falls are a major cause of death and serious injury due to the type of work.
The focus of this article is to offer advice on managing fall protection, if you are required to work from height you are required to manage the risk of a fall, a fall prevention system is recommended as this will assist in limiting or removing the risk of a fall incident.
Fall protection PPE is normally only used when other methods designed to remove the risk such as temporary work platforms, guardrails and scaffolding solutions cannot be used to protect the worker.
Working in Restraint & Work Positioning is normally recommended and commonly used when working at height, this means to position a worker and adjust the lanyard length in such a way as to remove the immediate risk of a fall.
For further information on Height Safety, understanding the variations of equipment use and to help understand and plan to eliminate the risks see web site www.waha.org.au.
Work positioning can be “Working in Restraint” when working in a horizontal plane or ‘Working in Suspension” when working in a vertical orientation. Either way, work positioning is intended to reduce the risk of a fall by limiting a person’s ability to get into a place where they can fall, as there are physical barriers or equipment that can be implemented to achieve this aim.
When we need to work near an edge or on a structure offering limited security of some type, the worker often finds it necessary to use two hands to hold tools or components being assembled/disassembled or repaired. The fall arrest lanyard is a common element of the PPE used in fall arrest. It can be used as a tool to provide support whilst working on areas of risk by supporting the worker who can lean into the lanyard whilst working, therefore providing restraint and body support.
The predominant methodology of achieving shock-absorption properties is the use of sacrificial ‘tear webbing’ as a component of a total lanyard assembly. In such applications where a person uses the lanyard in ‘restraint technique or as tool of support’, the device will not deploy. This means that anyone can easily ‘lean’ into a lanyard and place their full body weight against the device at its full or adjusted length and there will be no effect on the lanyard.
The lanyard is designed to resist static energy up to approximately 200kg. A force of 200kg or greater is usually only applied to a lanyard should the worker fall providing a dynamic force in excess, at which point the device starts to deploy.
Despite this equipment being designed for the most extreme circumstances, there are additional work methods that, due to its ability to support a static load of up to 200kg, can be employed to ensure people are as safe as they can be when working at height.
Such work methods include:
- Working in restraint – this means operating equipment in a way that prevents a person from being exposed to a fall arrest risk.
- Working in restraint with the worker leaning into the lanyard often adjustable in length to provide support whilst using two hands to carry out His/her work
- Utilising Secondary Systems – sound work practice in both fall arrest and rope access demands that you should always have a primary means of access and a secondary, redundant system that acts as a back-up in the event the primary means fails.
It is important to note that training forms a vital part of all height safety work in terms of managing risks as well as knowing how to use the equipment as well as set up a safe system of work.
Like any tool, it is most effective when the user knows how to operate it properly, so it can achieve its intended purpose.
This point is especially true when that tool is an element of a fall protection system, since misuse of that equipment can lead to a serious injury or fatality, and costly damage to the equipment itself.
Fall protection has historically been a subject of much concern by Safe Work and others and falls are often leading cause of fatalities in the construction industry. Employers can, however, take steps to reduce fall injuries and fatalities by understanding how to properly design, implement and use fall protection systems.
For further information see web site www.waha.org.au or call Richard Millar Mobile 0477 788 04 EMail firstname.lastname@example.org | <urn:uuid:67397dfe-9b48-4126-bd59-4fe444ee3fb5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cranesandlifting.com.au/fall-protection-in-construction/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.954177 | 1,724 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Because of their high fertility, fluffy pony mares can give multiple births in a year, quickly becoming bloated from having three or more foals gestating in their womb. In the later stages of pregnancy, the dam usually becomes immobile, and must be carried by a human caretaker, or rolled by attendant fluffies if part of a feral herd. Since fluffy ponies almost always associate any kind of pain in their rear as them defecating, a pregnant dam giving birth will yell about 'big poopies'. Then, after the foals are born and the cheeping is heard, the dam will react with joyous surprise when it sees its foals that have emerged behind it, and start cleaning and nursing them. Sometimes, complications may arise that will lead to the fluffy pony mother's death, some of them being quite spectacular. It is recommended that owners of pregnant fluffy ponies keep their dams on a birthing mat or towel to help prevent bigger messes. If the dam has no attendant and the owner isn't around to hand each of the foals over for the mother to clean, the new mother will sometimes turn or attempt to turn around to pick up and clean her foals out of maternal urgency, making them give birth all over the surrounding area.
After giving birth, fluffy pony mothers will smell their foals. If the foal smells nice, the dam will associate it as being good and/or healthy. A foal that for whatever reason smells bad to its mother or that has some sort of visible characteristic that is associated negatively among fluffies (crippled legs, single wing, crossed eyes, disliked coloration, being born with both horn and wings, etc.) will be treated as the least favorite offspring if it is not outright killed or left to die from cold and starvation (the fate of most alicorn foals), quickly becoming a runt (or "bad babbeh" in the fluffy ponies' speech) from the lack of nutrition and care, and be treated miserably by both parent and siblings. In times of food shortage, when fluffies are forced to resort to cannibalism to survive, the runts will be the first one to be eaten.
There are two basic theories of fluffy womb size. The view held by the majority called the "immobile dam headcanon". In that headcanon, the fluffy mare will become so massive that she is no longer able to move. The excessively large womb is generally attributed to a genetic defect, rather than a biological necessity. This canon is popular because it emphasizes the unnatural nature of fluffies.
The other view is called the "mobile dam headcanon." In that headcanon, the pregnancy is like that of a typical placental mammal. The chief argument for this headcanon is that the other stretches the bounds of plausibility. The feral dam would require several attendants to survive is she could not move, rendering the solitary feral mummah character an impossibility, and even a solitary pair of fluffies highly infeasible. Additionally, there is no reason why a mare would become that large: fluffy foals are small, and the litter size is at most moderate compared to cats, dogs' or rabbits.
Womb Size Headcanon by ArtistEdit
Immobile Dam Headcanon
- Angry Giant
- Kibbles n Tits
- Robot Cottonball
Mobile Dam Headcanon
- Wolfram Sparks
- ↑ Most likely from falling in a pile of its mother's feces and/or urine, as fluffies are notorious for having atrocious hygiene, but sometimes, a foal might indeed smell bad because of diseases it attracted inside the womb. | <urn:uuid:d1e899f7-c247-4c90-b95d-cf6ebfff1079> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://fluffypedia.wikia.com/wiki/Fluffy_Pony_Birth | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00269-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956479 | 746 | 2.25 | 2 |
This timelapse in motion, also known as a hyperlapse, features panoramic views of both iconic architecture and everyday life in the historic Austrian city of Vienna. Shot during 14 days spread out over three months, photographers Peter Jablonowski, Fabian Orner, and Thomas Poecksteiner spent nearly 100 hours of post-processing and editing to craft the video you can watch below:
Shot with two Canon 600D cameras and a Canon 550D, tripods including a Gorillapod and a pocketslider; this presentation was compiled from over 16,000 individual photos that range in subject matter from day to night, countryside to city, and historic to modern — offering a well-rounded perspective of the city.
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Quantitative systematic review of randomised controlled trials comparing antibiotic with placebo for acute cough in adultsBMJ 1998; 316 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.316.7135.906 (Published 21 March 1998) Cite this as: BMJ 1998;316:906
- a Division of Primary Care, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Bristol BS8 2PR
- b United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas's Hospitals, London SE11 6SP
- Correspondence to: Dr Fahey
- Accepted 18 November 1997
Objectives: To assess whether antibiotic treatment for acute cough is effective and to measure the side effects of such treatment.
Design: Quantitative systematic review of randomised placebo controlled trials.
Data sources: Nine trials (8 published, 1 unpublished) retrieved from a systematic search (electronic databases, contact with authors, contact with drug manufacturers, reference lists); no restriction on language.
Main outcome measures: Proportion of subjects with productive cough at follow up (7-11 days after consultation with general practitioner); proportion of subjects who had not improved clinically at follow up; proportion of subjects who reported side effects from taking antibiotic or placebo.
Results: Eight trials contributed to the meta-analysis. Resolution of cough was not affected by antibiotic treatment (relative risk 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.73 to 1.00)), neither was clinical improvement at re-examination (relative risk 0.62 (0.36 to 1.09)). The side effects of antibiotic were more common in the antibiotic group when compared to placebo (relative risk 1.51 (0.86 to 2.64)).
Conclusions: Treatment with antibiotic does not affect the resolution of cough or alter the course of illness. The benefits of antibiotic treatment are marginal for most patients with acute cough and may be outweighed by the side effects of treatment.
Acute cough, with or without sputum, is a common reason for consulting a general practitioner
Although antibiotic treatment is common for this condition, its likely benefits and side effects have not been measured
This systematic review reports the outcome of nine randomised controlled trials that compared antibiotic with placebo in patients with acute cough
Resolution of cough and clinical improvement at follow up was no different in the two groups
The benefits of antibiotic treatment seem to be marginal for most patients with acute cough and may be outweighed by the side effects of treatment
Acute cough and respiratory tract infection are terms used to describe a wide variety of clinical syndromes. Symptoms range from cough without sputum to an illness characterised by expectoration of mucopurulent sputum, fever, general malaise, and dyspnoea,1 but coughing is nearly always present.1-4 Therefore, although the terms acute bronchitis, upper respiratory tract infection, common cold, and chest infection are used in a clinical context to define separate disease entities, they represent a range of respiratory tract infection whose symptoms, causative agents, and resolution vary. 1 2
Acute cough is a common reason for consulting a general practitioner. The fourth national morbidity survey in the United Kingdom found that the overall consultation rate for acute upper respiratory infections (code 465 of the international classification of diseases, ninth revision (ICD-9)) and acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis (ICD-9 code 466) was 772 and 719 per 10 000 person years at risk.5
The clinical syndrome of cough is nearly always preceded and associated with a viral nasopharyngitis. 1 2 The causes of such infection are usually influenza virus, para-influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, coronavirus, and adenovirus. 2 6 7 Infection with non-viral organisms such as Bordetella pertussis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Chlamydia pneumonia may also occur, some studies reporting a high prevalence of infection with Mycoplasma spp, particularly in young adults. 7 8 Secondary bacterial infection occurs in a certain proportion of cases, usually with Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. 1 2 7 Because bacteria are carried as normal resident flora in the upper respiratory tract, the aetiological role of bacteria cultured from sputum samples is unclear.2 In a study based in the United Kingdom 25% of sputum culture samples from people being treated for acute bronchitis grew recognised or potential respiratory bacterial pathogens.9 A community based longitudinal study in the United Kingdom showed that a potential pathogen was cultured in only 29% of cases, with viruses being identified more frequently than Mycoplasma spp and bacteria being identified least of all.4 In a community based study in the United Kingdom of 206 patients with more severe respiratory tract infection (inclusion criteria were productive cough, focal signs on chest examination, and prescription of antibiotic) an aetiological diagnosis was established in 91 (44%) patients.10 The most commonly identified pathogens were S pneumoniae (36%), H influenzae (10%), and influenza viruses (13%).10 An accompanying editorial highlighted the difficulty in clinically differentiating between the more severe forms of bronchitis and pneumonia in the community.11
Microbiological investigation of acute bronchitis is rare in general practice. 1 9 12 Differentiation between viral and bacterial infection is difficult on the basis of symptoms alone,1 and therefore general practitioners have substantially different diagnostic and treatment thresholds for respiratory tract infection in the community. 1 12 13
Concern about the treatment of acute cough with antibiotics is not new. 14 15 Review articles have questioned the value of antibiotic treatment for acute bronchitis and related conditions. 1 16-19 To our knowledge, the absolute risk of illness without antibiotic treatment, the likely benefits and risks of treatment, and the balance of risk and benefit for individual patients have not been measured. We therefore carried out a systematic review of randomised controlled trials to establish whether antibiotics are effective in the treatment of acute cough in the community.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
We included studies of patients aged greater than 12 years who were attending a family practice clinic, community based outpatient department, or an outpatient department attached to a hospital. We included patients who complained of acute cough with or without purulent sputum that had not been treated in the preceding week with antibiotic. Patients with chronic obstructive airways disease were excluded. The included studies were prospective trials in which antibiotic was allocated by formal randomisation or by quasi-randomisation, such as alternate allocation to treatment and placebo groups. Only placebo controlled trials were included; comparative studies between different classes of antibiotics were excluded. Categorical and continuous outcomes were reported in the randomised controlled trials identified at the start of the review.20-28 Many different outcomes were reported in individual randomised controlled trials; we concentrated on the three most commonly reported outcomes: the proportion of subjects reporting productive cough, the proportion of subjects who had not improved clinically at re-examination, and the proportion of subjects who reported side effects from taking antibiotic or placebo.
We searched Medline and EMBASE databases from 1966 and 1982 respectively using the recommended Cochrane Collaboration search strategy29 and the medical subject heading (MeSH) terms “cough,” “bronchitis,” “sputum,” and “respiratory tract infections.” The search was not restricted to the English language. We also searched for references from published research by using the Science Citation Index and searching references in published studies and abstracts, particularly for those published before 1966. We conducted a search on the Controlled Trials Register from the Cochrane Library30 with the search terms “bronchitis,” “chest infection,” and “common cold.” We contacted authors of published trials requesting knowledge of any unpublished studies. We also wrote to drug companies in the United Kingdom that manufacture antibiotics (as given in the British National Formulary) requesting unpublished trials.
Assessment of quality and extraction of data
Each trial was read independently by TF and NS, who then assessed the quality of each study according to the four criteria outlined in the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook.31 Each criterion—selection bias, performance bias, attrition bias, and detection bias—was scored from 1 to 3, so the highest score for an individual trial was 12. Measurement of agreement between reviewers was calculated by means of the kappa statistic and disagreement resolved by consensus. Data were extracted independently; when data were missing or incomplete we contacted the authors of the trial for clarification.
Because the events in the treatment and control arms occurred frequently, significance and clinical importance were evaluated by estimating relative risk.32 We explored differences in baseline risk and heterogeneity between studies by using L'Abbe plots (see fig 1).33 As the inclusion criteria and event rates reported in the control arms varied, the pooled relative risks were estimated with 95% confidence intervals by means of both random effects and fixed effects models.34 Antibiotic is significantly better than placebo in improving a condition when the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval is <1. Conversely, side effects of antibiotic treatment are significant when the lower 95% confidence limit of the relative risk is >1.
Relative risks were calculated with REVMAN 3.0 (Update Software 1996). We calculated the numbers needed to treat with a spreadsheet (Microsoft EXCEL 5.0).35
Our search uncovered nine trials that met the inclusion criteria for this review (M Stephenson, unpublished data).21-28 The losses to follow up, antibiotic regimen, outcome measured, recommendation for antibiotic treatment, and characteristics of patients for these nine trials are available as two tables on the BMJ's website (www.bmj.com).
We excluded Howie and Clark's trial from the 1970s in 829 patients.20 Although the unit of randomisation was patients who were instructed to take either antibiotic or placebo at the start of a respiratory illness, the unit of analysis was episodes of illness. Some patients did not contribute any episodes of illness to the analysis (198/829 participants, or 24% of those randomised) while others reported more than one episode of illness (1.52 and 1.55 courses in the antibiotic and placebo arms respectively).20 This trial reported no difference between antibiotic and placebo in all outcomes reported at the end of the trial. One other unpublished trial that had reported no difference in outcome between antibiotic and placebo in 33 patients,36 had no original data remaining (S Thomas, personal communication). Franks and Gleiner reported the average percentage of days with cough over a period of seven days (all subjects in placebo arm, 92% of subjects in antibiotic arm) but not the number of patients with cough at a specified end point.22 No further data were available (P Franks, personal communication), so this trial contributed data to the part of the meta-analysis which examined the side effects of treatment only. King et al included patients aged 8 years and over, but the average age of participants was 37 years and so we included this trial.27 Finally, one trial by Scherl et al did not contribute data to the meta-analysis because it reported on a continuous variable, the mean number of days with cough.28 No additional information could be obtained because the author of the report had died.
This left us with a total of eight trials reporting on the three specified outcome measures. We excluded several trials we judged to be inadequately randomised, case series of early antibiotic use, three trials of the common cold, and eleven trials in children (references available on website (www.bmj.com)). A subgroup of 75 patients with tracheobronchitis from a trial with the diagnostic label of the common cold (L Kaiser, personal communication) was included in a sensitivity analysis on the outcome of resolution of illness.37
Assessment of quality
The kappa scores for agreement between reviewers for each of the four variables measuring the quality of trials were 0.5 (moderate agreement) for selection, 0.57 (moderate agreement) for performance, 0.85 (substantial agreement) for attrition, and 1 (almost perfect agreement) for blinding. The overall kappa for trial quality was 0.54 (moderate agreement).
Baseline risk and diagnosis
The six trials that reported resolution of productive cough as an outcome measure had varied considerably in this measure (fig 1) (M Stephenson, unpublished data). 21 23 25-27 Such differences highlight the range of illness and the differences between trials in diagnosis of acute cough. However, the five trials that had outcome data on the course of clinical improvement were similar in the reported resolution of illness (fig 1). 21 23-26
Efficacy of antibiotic
Antibiotic treatment was no better than placebo when the resolution of cough at days 7-11 was assessed (relative risk 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.73 to 1.00)) (fig 2). Similarly, when the proportion of subjects who had not improved clinically was assessed at days 7-11 in five trials antibiotic treatment did not significantly improve the resolution of illness (relative risk 0.62 (0.36 to 1.09)) (fig 3). 21 23-26 Inclusion of a subgroup of 75 patients with tracheobronchitis in a trial of the common cold who were randomly allocated to co-amoxiclav or placebo37 did not alter the pooled results for resolution of illness (relative risk 0.71 (0.43 to 1.18), χ2 test for heterogeneity=16.87, df=5, P<0.5).
Side effects of treatment
The mean percentage of subjects reporting side effects from antibiotic treatment in seven trials was 19% (range 12% to 36%). In all but one trial24 the percentage of subjects reporting side effects was higher in the antibiotic arm; subsequent pooling of data showed that a course of antibiotic was associated with a non-significant increase in the risk of side effects from antibiotic (relative risk 1.51 (0.86 to 2.64)) (fig 4). When the one trial which reported an increase in side effects from placebo was excluded,24 the heterogeneity between trials was reduced and side effects were significantly associated with antibiotic use (relative risk 1.9 (1.19 to 3.02), χ2 test for heterogeneity=1.73, df=4, P>0.5).
This systematic review shows that antibiotic treatment has no effect on the resolution of acute cough. For both measures of efficacy—the proportion of subjects coughing and the proportion whose symptoms had not improved at days 7-11—antibiotic was no different from placebo. Furthermore, treatment with antibiotic may incur side effects in a few patients.
This review has several shortcomings. Firstly, the outcomes chosen and assessed in each of the randomised trials were varied and different. Consequently, when the results were pooled several important outcomes were reported only in some of the trials and were measured in different ways. For example, time off work was measured as a continuous outcome in two trials, 23 28 as a categorical outcome in three others, 21 22 25 as a categorical and continuous outcome in one trial,27 and not at all in the remaining trials (M Stephenson, unpublished data). 24 26
Secondly, more recent generic scores for measuring the quality of life were not used in any of the trials, once again limiting the propensity to combine the results. Therefore important information for patients such as the effect of antibiotic on quality of life and on return to work is not reported.
Finally, the timing of assessment differed between trials. Such differences make it difficult to measure the clinical course of acute cough. These shortcomings reflect the difficulty in combining results from pragmatic randomised trials that examine outcomes based on illness in general practice. Nevertheless, substantially important differences between antibiotic and placebo are unlikely to be present in these other outcomes: individual trials did not report any substantial benefit of antibiotic in the outcomes that we did not consider in this systematic review.
Diagnosis and prognosis
The clinical course of resolution of acute cough was different between trials (fig 1). Such differences reflect the fact that acute cough is primarily diagnosed on history and examination alone. Additional diagnostic tests such as sputum culture and chest radiography are seldom used in general practice, 1 9 12 so diagnostic classification is imprecise. The diagnostic nomenclature has also changed over time. For example, an early non-randomised study of acute respiratory infection38 found that the signs reported by the enrolled cohort were no different from those in subjects classed as having acute bronchitis in the 1980s. 22-25 27 In addition, the relation between diagnostic category and likelihood of bacterial infection is poorly defined and uncertain in clinical practice.
Inevitably, the diagnostic heterogeneity in each of the randomised controlled trials has been reflected in differences in the reported resolution of cough or illness (fig 1). Results from cohort studies suggest that it may take up to three or four weeks before cough has resolved and general wellbeing returned in patients with acute bronchitis.39
In the clinical context of everyday management of acute cough in general practice, treatment with antibiotics is common. The variation in rate of prescribing antibiotics varies substantially between countries. One fifth of consultations in the Netherlands end with an antibiotic being prescribed, up to 80% in the United Kingdom, and an even higher proportion in the United States.40-42 Results from our systematic review suggest that most patients receive no benefit from antibiotic treatment.
We calculated the number needed to treat (11) and the number needed to harm (15) if we accepted that the outcome of proportion of subjects who reported clinical improvement was balanced with the proportion likely to have side effects from taking antibiotic. For every 100 people treated with antibiotic, nine would report an improvement after 7-11 days if they revisited their general practitioner but at the expense of seven others who would have side effects from the antibiotic. The resolution of illness in the remaining 84 people would not be affected by treatment with antibiotic.
One of the higher quality trials reported that the prognostic factors of frequent cough combined with feeling ill at entry were associated with beneficial effects from antibiotic treatment.26 The same trial also reported that people aged over 55 derived benefit from such treatment.26 These findings are consistent with the greater prevalence of bacterial infection and subsequent infection of the lower respiratory tract in people aged over 55 and increased rates of hospital admission of elderly people. 7 10 43 However, until prospective randomised controlled trials test whether age, feeling unwell, and frequent cough predict a poor clinical outcome or bacterial infection and also influence clinical and quality of life outcomes associated with antibiotic treatment, treatment based on these prognostic variables will remain speculative.
Apart from the side effects of treatment, three other factors need to be considered by a clinician before prescribing antibiotics. Firstly, the cost of prescribing antibiotic is important. A recent decision analysis suggests that the most cost effective strategy is to withold antibiotic and treat only patients with persistent cough.44 Secondly, treatment with antibiotic may change patients' expectations about future episodes of acute cough. Observational research suggests that patients' expectations may increase and influence subsequent workload among general practitioners. 41 45 A recently published open randomised trial of antibiotic for sore throat showed that patients prescribed antibiotic were more likely to consult in the future than were those whose symptoms were treated.46 Qualitative research suggests that patients' satisfaction is likely to be higher when their expectations are addressed than when antibiotic is prescribed.47 Finally, bacterial resistance to antibiotics is becoming increasingly common.48 A liberal prescribing policy by general practitioners managing acute bronchitis is likely to make this situation worse.
This systematic review shows that antibiotic is unlikely to alter the course of illness in most adult patients presenting with acute cough. A minority may have side effects from treatment. When managing individual patients the potential risks from treatment—including side effects, costs of antibiotic, alteration in consulting behaviour, and increased bacterial resistance—should all be considered before initiating treatment.
We thank the following for providing extra data, clarifying data from published studies, or providing information about unpublished studies: Chris van Weel, Peter Franks, John Howie, Laurent Kaiser, Dana King, Amy Schende, Mike Stephenson, Siewert Thomas, Nigel Stott, Murray Tilyard, and Theo Verheij. We also thank the following for comments on the manuscript: Mike Crilly, Jon Deeks, Tim Lancaster, Debbie Sharp, and Michael Whitfield. Finally, we would particularly like to thank Debbie Jones for help with the searching and Matthias Egger for helping us with methodological dilemmas.
Contributors: TF formulated the research question, spoke to authors of randomised controlled trials, extracted and analysed data, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. NS extracted data, spoke to authors of randomised controlled trials, and contributed to writing the manuscript. TT searched for randomised controlled trials and contacted authors for unpublished studies. TF is the guarantor for the paper.
Funding: The Royal College of General Practitioners Scientific Foundation Board.
Conflict of interest: None. | <urn:uuid:11118ef6-7d79-4b32-8576-95afe857d712> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bmj.com/content/316/7135/906?ijkey=5b4c416bf9629fcabdf91ee16e3107f8cd72281b&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.951102 | 4,357 | 2.015625 | 2 |
The road to the White House is often a challenging one. But once there, a successful candidate can encounter an even tougher "honeymoon" period. President-elect Barack Obama has said he plans to focus first on the economy. His transition head, John Podesta, says Mr. Obama may reverse some of President Bush's executive orders. VOA's Robert Raffaele asked several Washington insiders what advice they would give the incoming president.
U.S. President-elect Barack Obama faces perhaps the most daunting challenges of any incoming U.S. leader in decades.
He inherits a slumping economy and a $700 billion financial bailout approved by Congress.
He will be commander-in-chief of a military fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan. And he faces potential threats from leaders who have been openly critical of the United States.
In his first news conference as President-elect November 7, Mr. Obama said the economy would be his top priority.
"It is not going to be quick and it is not going to be easy for us to dig ourselves out of the hole that we are in," Obama said. "But America is a strong and resilient country, and I know we will succeed."
Brian Darling is with the research group, the Heritage Foundation. He says Mr. Obama must not overreach.
"Exit polling indicated that the American people still consider themselves reasonably conservative. This is a more of a center-right nation," Darling said. "So what President Obama has to worry about is he can't move forward on actions that would offend many Americans, like, taking action to take away many Americans guns and different shots of lesbian couple from maybe [pushing legislation] something on gay marriage, issues like that."
Former White House Chief of Staff Leon Panetta served President Bill Clinton. He says Mr. Clinton moved too aggressively on one issue.
"Bill Clinton had 'gays in the military' and that was clearly, whether you agree or disagree with the issue, that was the wrong issue to kick off at the beginning," Panetta said. "So it's really important to focus on what is that most important issue and there's no question: To this president the most important issue is the economy."
Kenneth Duberstein served as chief of staff for President Ronald Reagan, a Republican.
He says in the weeks before taking office, Mr. Reagan sent Duberstein and other Republicans to Capitol Hill to forge ties with lawmakers from both parties.
"To see if we could find allies, even with a "D" [for Democrats] on their forehead, who could start putting together a coalition around economic recovery," Duberstein said.
Stephen Hess, of the Brookings Institution, was a White House advisor to several presidents.
He says the president-elect has an advantage Mr. Reagan did not. Mr. Obama's party controls Congress.
"He has a heap of members of his own party there. The reaching out doesn't have to be quite as deep in order to get things passed," Hess said.
President-elect Obama takes office on January 20. | <urn:uuid:5c99feca-421e-4783-aa09-19cdd5e2b54d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2008-11-12-voa26/406298.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00263-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978282 | 633 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Amazon is setting up shop in Australia, and according to a recent survey, a massive 90 per cent of us online shopping-types will use the service – if it comes good with the low prices, vast selection and fast delivery we’ve been promised, of course.
And why wouldn’t we?
The results come from an independent survey of 1,001 Australian adults who have shopped online at least three times in the last six month, commissioned by parcel delivery service CouriersPlease.
The survey initially explored whether online shoppers currently prefer purchasing from retailers that specialise in a single category (such as fashion or technology) over online “marketplaces”, where they can shop across multiple categories from the same site. More respondents (58 per cent) admitted they prefer to shop from a specialist online retailer than a marketplace (just 42 per cent of respondents).
However, when told that Amazon in Australia will focus on providing low prices, vast selection, and fast delivery, 90 per cent of respondents said they would shop from Amazon. Obviously.
The survey separated Amazon’s three focuses – prices, selection and delivery – to gauge what was more important for Aussie shoppers. Lower prices is the main reason shoppers would purchase from Amazon: 68 per cent of respondents cited prices as the most common reason. A wider range of products is the second most common reason – important to 55 per cent of respondents – while just 30 per cent of respondents said fast delivery times is the reason.
Prices were more important for younger age groups than older generations. Those in their 20s and 30s cited lower prices as the main reason for shopping on Amazon, 71 per cent and 70 per cent respectively. This reduces with age, with 63 per cent of 50-somethings and 64 per cent of people over 60 years concerned about prices.
Vast selection was more important for older generations than younger generations with the level of importance decreasing with age. For people in their 50s, a wider range of product choice would be the reason 58 per cent would shop on Amazon, whereas this was only important to 46 per cent of people in their 20s.
Currently, 18 per cent of respondents said they purchase from Amazon and will continue to do so when it launches in Australia.
Surprisingly, only 11 per cent of 20-somethings currently shop on Amazon, the lowest of any age group. This jumps up to 22 per cent of people in their 30s, 16 per cent of people in their 40s, and 19 per cent of over-50s.
“Amazon’s promises of lower prices and faster delivery times may put pressure on existing local retailers and the supply chain, but I believe we will become better at what we do,” said COO of CouriersPlease, Hoy Yen Hooper.
Hooper says in the US and UK markets, where Amazon has a large share of the retail market, one-hour delivery through Amazon Prime and competitive prices are being offered.
In this survey, fast delivery was the least important reason for shopping on Amazon which may indicate that consumers in regional and country areas know that delivery may take longer as it is not commercially viable for many providers to have that sort of reach, Hooper says.
“Amazon will be attracted to delivery services that provide consumers with flexible delivery choices – such as enabling them to pick up at retail outlets such as newsagents, grocery stores and petrol stations – consistency in delivery, and reliability in keeping with expected delivery transit times,” says Hooper.
“Consumers really value consistency and reliability: an item that is due to arrive within three days will arrive within three days 90 per cent of the time.”
After months of speculation, Amazon has provided an official statement (finally) confirming the company will be launching retail services within Australia.Read more | <urn:uuid:52e695fb-4cfa-4747-ac19-22244fd728c3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gizmodo.com.au/2017/06/yep-amazon-is-going-to-be-huge/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.95999 | 789 | 1.617188 | 2 |
As Cuban prisoner of conscience Calixto Ramon Martinez enters the third week of his hunger strike to force his release, his journalistic colleagues and other Cuban activists are mobilizing on his behalf.
On Thursday, his colleagues at the Hablemos Press news agency delivered to the papal nuncio -- Pope Francis' ambassador in Havana -- a letter asking for the Holy Father to intervene with the Castro regime on Martinez's behalf.
In the letter, CIHPRESS describes how Martinez's jailers are responding to his protest with even more tortures and other brutality.
"(W)e ask you to intercede with Cuban authorities to immediately release the journalist, because he is a prisoner of conscience detained for exercising his right to freedom of expression," the journalists wrote.
After she delivered the letter to the Vatican's representative Thursday morning, CIHPRESS reporter Magaly Norvis Otero went to the Combinado del Este prison in Havana to inquire about Martinez's health. Via Facebook, Roberto de Jesus Guerra, the director of CIHPRESS, reported that at the prison, Norvis was detained and taken inside.
But later it appeared she had been released, after Guerra reported via Twitter that a prison official had told Norvis that Martinez was continuing with his hunger strike, which he started March 6. It is his second such protest since his arrest on Sept. 16, after Martinez went to the Havana airport to report on why medical supplies sent by the World Health Organization had been allowed to spoil.
According to the letter to Pope Francis, Martinez faces a charge of "disrespecting" Fidel and Raul Castro -- as if they deserve anything more -- by shouting anti-Castro slogans while he was being arrested.
In addition to the CIHPRESS letter, several other Cuban activist groups took to YouTube to show their support for Martinez and to demand his release:
It always is heart-warming to see how anti-Castro activists rally on each other's behalf when the dictatorship singles out someone, like Martinez, for a special kind of oppression. That kind of solidarity is essential to the cause of the freedom on the island, if only because it shows the regime that its repression will never go unchallenged.
For information on how you can join the campaign for Martinez's release, visit the CIHPRESS website. | <urn:uuid:108be133-7890-431f-b50b-1e1888aab32b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://marcmasferrer.typepad.com/uncommon_sense/2013/03/cuban-activists-step-up-on-behalf-of-prisoner-of-conscience-calixto-ramon-martinez.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00292-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973542 | 475 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Though the calendar now says spring, atmospheric gremlins are conspiring to make winter linger a bit longer.
Thanks to a Rex Block over Alaska, the jet stream will take another deep dive from the North Pole to the eastern United States this weekend. That pattern will be locked in place throughout much of next week, plunging most of the eastern part of the country back into the deep freeze. Temperatures from Sunday to Thursday will be 10 to 25 degrees colder than long-term averages across most of the East, more fitting of mid-January than late March.
But the crown jewel of the wintery encore will be a major late-season nor’easter. Born of a combination of bitterly cold air and a core of rapidly intensifying low pressure, a big storm is increasingly likely to buzz the East Coast early next week.
The National Weather Service did not mince words in their headline of a technical discussion of the potential beast: “Nor'easter bomb indicated off the mid-Atlantic coast late Tuesday night.”
The scary-sounding descriptor “bomb”—also known as “explosive cyclogenesis”–is a technical word meteorologists use when low pressure centers deepen at a rate faster than 24 millibars in 24 hours, which happens in only the most intense storms.
The NWS continues:
The East Coast cyclone has the potential to produce late-season heavy snowfall over a wide swath of real estate from Virginia to New England; that is a generality at this point. Much remains in terms of refining the forecast state by state. Another high-impact factor will be the powerful winds generated by this sprawling, intense circulation, along with high seas, beach battery, coastal flooding, and so forth. Again, at this point, such sensible weather effects are simply attendant to the potential of such a storm.
That’s a bold forecast, especially five days before the storm arrives.
In this case, however, forecasting an extreme storm next week is becoming an increasingly easy call. Weather models have been showing the possibility of a big storm for days now and are displaying the kind of consistency meteorologists look for before going out on a limb.
In fact, one particular model, the GFS—the best long-range model produced by the United States—is forecasting the storm to strengthen at more than twice the rate necessary for a bomb, from 995 millibars Tuesday evening off the North Carolina coast to 968 millibars Wednesday morning off Long Island, just 12 hours later. That same model is forecasting the storm to peak with sustained surface winds of hurricane force over the ocean by Wednesday afternoon. At that same time, in the jet stream well above the surface, winds are expected to top 170 mph—fueling the rapid growth of the storm and increasing its “bomb”-making potential.
The extremely strong jet stream will form a direct link between the Arctic and the East Coast, energizing the storm and turning it into a major snow producer.
While the National Weather Service is understandably skittish about making snowfall predictions when the storm is still five days away, thanks to the wonders of technology, we can get a sneak peak of what the totals might be.
Another model, the GGEM (created by the Canadian Meteorological Centre), has a snow forecast that would rank as one of the biggest the New York City area has ever seen—more than two feet by Wednesday.
Now, the GGEM is more than likely wrong—the New York City office of the National Weather service conservatively noted the double-barreled center the GGEM is currently showing is probably unrealistic—but barring big changes in the forecast, there’s an increasingly strong line of evidence that someone’s going to get walloped on that order somewhere along the East Coast.
The Cooperative Institute for Precipitation Systems at Saint Louis University has applied a pattern-recognition algorithm to a compendium of 6-hourly weather maps for the last 30+ years. The top 15 hits for next week’s storm, when averaged together, produced a snow map from Georgia to New England with a reasonable six inches or snow from roughly Washington, D.C., to NYC to Boston.
It’s important to note that the CIPS result isn’t technically a forecast: It’s an average of historical storms that are strongly correlated with the current forecast. The analog method is a pretty straightforward big-data way of tackling a tough forecast, and answers the question: "Of the historical weather maps that look the most like the current one, what happened afterwards?" Many of the storms in this CIPS map produced less than six inches of snow, a few produced much more. And one of those matches was a doozy.
As I mentioned Wednesday, one of the top analogs from NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center for next week’s weather remains the Superstorm of 1993, one of the biggest March blizzards of all time. According to a National Weather Service archive, that storm brought hurricane force winds and all-time low pressure records (which still stand today) to parts of the South and dropped an astounding 13 cubic miles of snow from Florida to Maine. Simply put: It was one of the most extreme late-season winter storms in U.S. history.
Here’s the Weather Channel’s coverage of the 1993 Superstorm:
Now, to forecast a historic storm five days in advance would be premature. All we really know right now is there will be a storm, and it’s probably going to be big.
In an earlier weather discussion, the National Weather Service cautioned that despite the strong signal the weather models are showing, the storm is still so far out in time that chaos theory dictates that small changes now could lead to big shifts in the forecast down the road. In fact, part of the atmospheric energy that is expected to become the East Coast storm down the line is still over the Gulf of Alaska and won’t make landfall in British Columbia—where it can be better sampled by weather stations—until Sunday. The Rex Block complicates things further and could potentially siphon off a bit of the energy before it ever reaches shore. By Sunday evening, weather models should have ingested these critical datapoints and forecast reliability should improve. If the storm is still showing up then, buckle up. | <urn:uuid:c1c99485-e9df-414e-ab62-94abffc79e76> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2014/03/21/nor_easter_bomb_rex_block_new_winter_storm_may_be_headed_east.html?wpisrc=burger_bar | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720972.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00252-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936195 | 1,316 | 2.09375 | 2 |
When I introduced the book of Romans, I wrote these words:
Some women shy away from this book because it is heavy on the doctrinal side but together we will find how alive and exciting and practical doctrine is to our daily lives.
So here is where the hard work begins, as we try to bridge the gap between the doctrinal side of Romans and the practical side of Romans. I want to stay true to my word and give you both sides of the coin. Let’s get started!
The Key Vocabulary Words Found throughout the Book of Romans are:
- Law, judge, judgement
- Righteous, righteousness
- Grace, Faith, Believe
This is a short list. Other words that could be included would be: Jesus Christ, Israel, Gentile, circumcised, uncircumcised, predestined, foreknew, chosen, propitiation, wrath, flesh, master, slave, works, death, and life. If you want to go deeper in your understanding of this book of the Bible, I encourage you to research each one of these words on your own.
Once we understand the book of Romans and the meaning of these words above, we will have a complete understanding of the gospel and salvation and be able to detect any false gospels.
So let’s cover our short list of vocabulary words together here.
The Intensity of Our Sin
In Romans 1, we see the intensity of man’s sin. In verses 29-30, it says man was filled with “evil, covetousness, malice, envy, murder, strife, deceit, maliciousness, gossips, slanderers, haters of God, insolent, boastful, inventors of evil, disobedient to parents, foolish, faithless, heartless, and ruthless.”
The Seriousness of Our Sin
Romans 2:2 says: “the judgement of God rightly falls on those who do such things.”
And in verse 8 it says, for those who “obey unrighteousness there will be wrath and fury.”
God does not wink at our sin. It’s not cute or funny, as many television shows or youtubers may want us to believe. It is very serious.
It is worthy of judgement.
No one is Good
Once we understand the intensity and the seriousness of our sin – we realize we really aren’t as good as we thought. One of the biggest lies of Satan is that there are good people. So many believe that if they are just “good” they will make it to heaven. They are deceived by their own goodness and will face the wrath and fury of the Lord, unless their eyes are opened to truth.
Romans 3:10 tells us that “none is righteous, no, not one.”
We Are in Dire Need of a Savior
Romans 3:20 tells us “For by works of the law no human being will be justified in his sight, since through the law comes knowledge of sin.”
The law, which absolutely no one can fulfill, reveals to us that we are in dire need of a Savior.
We cannot be saved, until we realize we are a sinner.
We cannot be found, until we are first lost.
Through the law, comes knowledge of sin and the fact that we are in dire need of a Savior. Once our eyes are opened to this truth, there is hope of salvation!
The Sweetness of the Gospel
21 But now the righteousness of God has been manifested apart from the law, although the Law and the Prophets bear witness to it— 22 the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ for all who believe. For there is no distinction:23 for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, 24 and are justified by his grace as a gift, through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus, 25 whom God put forward as a propitiation by his blood, to be received by faith. This was to show God’s righteousness, because in his divine forbearance he had passed over former sins. 26 It was to show his righteousness at the present time, so that he might be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus.
Let me break this down into it’s simplest form…
Salvation is a sweet gift.
We have all sinned and none of us are good.
Salvation comes through Jesus Christ and his work on the cross. When we have faith and believe in him, we are declared righteous and justified, by his grace. We are redeemed and his blood covers over our sins.
Salvation means delivered from harm, ruin or loss.
Faith means to believe or to have complete trust.
Grace means the free and unmerited favor of God.
Justified means declared righteous by God, even though we are unrighteous.
Redemption means the action of regaining or gaining possession of something in exchange for payment, or clearing a debt. We have been bought with the price of Jesus’ blood.
Righteous means right standing with God. It is not based on our doing but on Christ’s.
In just the first 3 chapters of Romans, we find that we are sinners and apart from Jesus there is no hope. But through our faith in Jesus’ saving grace, we are justified, redeemed and declared righteous!
Friends, if that does not make you fall to your knees in praise of your God, who deeply loves you and accepts you as you are, I don’t know what will?
As you continue your study through the book of Romans, verse by verse and chapter by chapter, you will continually see these same words repeated over and over. Some other words you will see, that are important to understand are:
Reconciled which means the end of the estrangement, caused by sin, between God and us.
Sanctified which means set apart or declared as holy.
Glorified which means made glorious.
So why does this all matter?
5 Ways the Gospel Should Affect Our Daily Lives
1.) Be humble. We are all sinners. Every single day we sin. There is no room for pride in the church. Our salvation comes: by grace alone, through faith alone, through Christ alone, to the glory of God…alone!
2.) Be authentic. I am drawn to believers who are transparent and obey God’s Word. The world is looking for authentic people. The definition of a hypocrite is a pretender. Many times the world has labeled Christians as hypocrites. This is because we are still sinners – only we are forgiven! Let’s not pretend to not sin but rather proclaim the name of the one who has forgiven us, of all of our sins.
3.) Be bold. Do you have a list of unsaved friends and family who are lost? If you don’t – make one. Then pray for opportunities to be bold and share the gospel. The gospel is the power of God for salvation. So speak it. Give this sweet gift away!
16 For I am not ashamed of the gospel, for it is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes. (Romans 1:16)
4.) Be hopeful. We will all face seasons of life when disaster hits and it’s hard and we are hurting. But Christ is our strength. Though we may not feel happy – we can feel hopeful because we are forgiven and redeemed and our future is secure in Christ!
5.) Be grateful. Sometimes our hearts grow numb to hearing the message of Jesus dying on the cross for our sins. We hear it over…and over…and over and at times, it becomes old news rather than good news!
Friends, let’s not take our salvation for granted! This is HUGE – through Christ we are justified and declared righteous. We have been redeemed and reconciled. We are being sanctified and eventually glorified! (Romans 8:28-30)
Do you see how exciting the gospel is? Let’s not lose that fervor!
Will you share today? Write your testimony in the comment section below.
When did you realize for the first time that you were a sinner in need of Jesus and his saving grace? Who told you the gospel? How did it happen? Let’s rejoice together in the saving work of our Lord and Savior.
Walk with the King, | <urn:uuid:59135f0e-c8da-44f6-9d52-8a0d0d1ec83e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://womenlivingwell.org/2018/01/5-ways-gospel-affect-daily-lives/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.955567 | 1,804 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Nerve regeneration, rare infant eye disease, awaking from terminal coma, 25 year illness reversed and numerous other unusual magnet therapy studies from BiomagScience.com. Testing showing how the cells respond to advanced therapy placement and why regeneration and resolution of unusually acute or chronically ill conditions are supported by scientifically developed circuit therapies. Why Biomagnetism is an amazing science that affords everyone an easy, daily supplementation of increased energy.
Doylestown, PA (PRWEB) June 27, 2008 -- Imagine learning your new baby is essentially blind from uncontrollable rapid eye motion and there is no therapy to help. Within weeks of using a BiomagScience.com therapy placement, the child can now see and focus. (see Rare Eye Disease of Infant Resolved).
Nine months after surgery and physiotherapy from a fall, a 72 year old man was shocked to hear his doctor say "Due to severed nerves and damaged tissue, you'll never have any feeling below the knee and it will never be flexible ever again." After using BiomagScience's advanced knee circuit, full feeling came back and his leg became flexible - see video.
About a decade ago, a woman in Santa Barbara about the age of 50 went into a coma from acute pancreatitis. When hearing that his mother would probably die, her son asked the doctor if he could try some advanced magnetic therapy. With no hope in sight, the doctor said "try anything." So he did BiomagScience's advanced circuit therapy and in 3 days she awoke and a week later left the hospital feeling well (see Woken from Coma - Pancreatitis is able to heal).
BiomagScience represents nearly three decades of advanced placement and circuit therapy development to support pain relief and healing of over 170 separate conditions ranging from minor to acute and chronically degenerative health conditions.
A practitioner reports: "I have had a wonderful adventure learning about your [BiomagScience magnets; they are everything you said they would be and much more! I enlisted as many people as possible to put the magnets to the test with their many different and varied complaints. The one constant was that all the people gained more energy and slept better at night.
Then there was the removal of pain and dysfunction from all sorts of different areas/problems: joint issues, glandular dysfunctions, digestive problems, TMJ, inflamed nerves, and pain relief from insect bites/stings.
Everyone has been most pleased with the results and the fact that the book, pictures and magnets are so user friendly. The magnets are easy to use, do not wear out and can be used over and over again with the same degree of results each and every time. Thank You! The magnets are truly a blessing to all who use them! Cheers." Joyce F, CA
S L explains, ""I'm a 62 year young dog walker in New York City and I suffered a torn meniscus in my right knee. The doctor prescribed narcotics for the pain and said that I needed surgery. A friend told me about your magnets and I decided to try anything because I did not want the surgery nor did I want to keep taking narcotics.
I got my magnets and instructions on Thursday and I put the advanced knee circuit on right away and I went about my walking the dogs. Well I just can't believe it, today Friday the pain is gone!!! You have given me hope again that I might not lose my livelihood nor need the surgery and I have stopped the pain killers. Thank you, thank you for your wonderful product and for your help." NYC, NY
Unlike common testimonials of aches and pains being relieved, BiomagScience case studies are about recovery of unusually acute or chronically ill conditions. Many of BiomagScience's clients have tried everything and finally, after using BiomagScience advanced therapy, start the immediate road to recovery. See Mother's life returned after 25 years and businessman able to resume his life.
Peter Kulish, Founder explains "Biomagnetism is an amazing science that affords everyone an easy, daily supplementation of increased energy and when used properly, has helped many with chronic and severe problems. Whether it helps to rapidly heal a broken elbow, relieve pain vomiting and blurred vision from acute whiplash, give instant relief from yellow jacket stings, help reverse long term chronic fatigue or regenerate severed nerves restricting walking, circuit therapy and advanced placement are able to supplement many health issues.
Working with many doctors and studying how the body's electricity flows has helped us develop the special circuits that support rapid regeneration. For example, in the case of the baby's blindness from Strabismus and manifest Nystagmus, the energy was placed into the developmental area of the brain to help the cellular and synaptic formation.
Surprisingly the body responds extremely well to properly placed magnetic energies. When you review the before and after microscopic pictures of the blood or the reduction of free radicals/inflammation sites or the cellular voltage tests, it's easy to understand how the correct placement of the energies complement healing, regenerate nerves and help chronic conditions."
When asked about other magnetic devices in the market, Kulish explains "Most medical quality pulse devices are very good but limited and expensive. Most bracelets, pads and straps do not have the appropriate instructions which discriminate about the correct polarities of the body. Their use may feel helpful at first, but improper placement can cause cellular stress.
BiomagScience has created the Wellness kit which includes everything to use the advanced placement and circuit technology. The kit has our Super BioMagnetsSM, Water Jar Energizers, the complete therapy book, pictorial instructions, liquid oxygen and a self grip bandage. Everyone should have a Wellness Kit for first aid for poison ivy, burns, stings, sprains, bruises, etc. Just having Water Jar Energizers for energized water is an important daily supplement.
For anyone who is experiencing problems and needs some help, the advanced therapies are simple to use and BiomagScience maintains phone lines and email for discussing therapies.
It is wonderful to live in an age that has advanced so much with such simple answers to some of our complicated health problems".
Copyright©2008 Vocus, Inc.
All rights reserved | <urn:uuid:4a332b52-405f-45d1-8022-1c1ee15db2b9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-news-1/Baby-26apos-3Bs-Blindness-Resolved--Nerves-in-Knee-Regenerated-and-Other-Unusual-Complimentary-Therapies-from-BiomagScience-22867-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00406-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948814 | 1,283 | 1.898438 | 2 |
SA needs to bridge the gap – literally
"Where can we find a cheap place to have supper tonight?" That was the question we put to a fellow traveller on board the third and final train from Zurich to Davos.
The small train moved slowly among the steep and breathtakingly beautiful mountain slopes and pristine lakes. It snaked its way downwards through tunnels towards the little town that would be our home for the week.
He was a warm, polite man and we had hung on to his every word since overhearing his loud phone conversation in English.
We had been travelling for about 36 hours and by now were too tired to try out our school-level French or German with the locals. All we wanted was some comfort and a hot meal in the chilly Alpine weather.
He sized us up and, with a weary smile, responded with his own question: "Are you staying in Davos Dorf or Davos Platz?" We mumbled that we didn't know the difference, but had an address.
After another once-over, he struggled not to be indelicate.
"Well then, it must be Davos Platz because most of the high-end hotels are in Davos Dorf and if you were staying there, you wouldn't care what the meals cost."
He gave us an embarrassed smile, looked away and wished us well. Somehow we managed to laugh with him.
So it was that we arrived in Davos on Sunday night, fully aware of our place in the world's pecking order.
The theme for this year's World Economic Forum is the reshaping of the world – the consequences for society, politics and business.
One of the discussion points will be inequality, something the leaders have identified as a major global risk in 2014.
So how will leaders tackle inequality as they gather in this, the richest square mile on the planet (at least this week, anyway)? Fact is, they'll scarcely feel the biting cold as they make their way from their swanky hotels to the heated congress centre.
We in South Africa are in familiar territory, even though the weather is worlds apart. We know all about the widening gap between rich and poor.
When Nelson Mandela made his first foray to Davos in 1992, he deplored the great extremes that existed in apartheid South Africa.
That divide is still with us, despite efforts to bridge it. We will be listening with keen interest to world leaders as they try to find a solution. But our own president has decided to stay home, citing pressing domestic issues and the fact that it's an election year. His deputy, Kgalema Motlanthe, hasn't made the trip to Davos either.
Instead, Finance Minister Pravin Gordhan will do South Africa's bidding.
Maybe he will notice a few things as he moves around this Swiss village. There's no denying the glaring differences between our infrastructure at home and the 21st-century setup here in Europe.
Take, for example, travelling to Davos, a secluded enclave deep in the Swiss mountains. It's the Alpine version of Lusikisiki, but it's easy to reach by both road and rail.
It can't have been easy to build this kind of network through mountains and snow, yet it was done.
Imagine if some of those most beautiful parts of our country, whether in Limpopo or on the Wild Coast, were so easy to access. Building that infrastructure would create thousands of jobs. Once built, those roads and tracks would reduce the time it takes to transport goods and people. Trade and tourism would flourish.
This increased movement would make us efficient and competitive, fattening our country's bank balance.
Imagine the benefits to those mines or schools in Limpopo – or those tourist resorts on our rugged shores. Boosting infrastructure has been on the lips of our country's leaders for many years now.
It's time for us to build it. That's one way, if you will, of bridging the gap between those on either side of the tracks. | <urn:uuid:0120b8d9-cb3f-4f74-91d1-d94164c35afe> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mg.co.za/article/2014-01-23-sa-needs-to-bridge-the-gap-literally/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00399-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976 | 834 | 1.859375 | 2 |
hi there. I wonder if there are more other auxiliary verbs inaddition to that 23 common verbs.
for example when we say : "I let him go." , can we consider the verb "let" as an auxiliary, just because of that it's followed by a bare infinitive as that 23 auxiliaries do?
in other words is any verb followed by a bare infinitive called an auxiliary? if not, what is the exact definition of an auxiliary verb?
Hero of the day
Person voted on the most questions. | <urn:uuid:9fd1eab0-081a-4da6-9b61-0b84c58dda0d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.grammarly.com/answers/questions/42557-about-auxiliaries/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721141.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00415-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967094 | 112 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Non-violence can foster social unity and brotherhood
Vijay Ratnasunder Surishwar
Non-violence and forgiveness are the pillars of unity and brotherhood in any society. And the culture of any nation reaches its zenith only when it adopts the principles of non- violence and forgiveness.
Realizing the immense need for social unity and brotherhood, Lord Mahavir (the twenty-fourth and the last Tirthankara of the Jain religion) presented the world – a new ideology and way of thinking. Not only did he preach that right faith (samyak-darshana), right knowledge (samyak-jnana), and right conduct (samyak-charitra) can together help attain the liberation of one's self, he himself became an idealistic figure by following the path of non-violence.
For right conduct, he advocated five vows – non-violence, truthfulness, non-stealing and chastity, for Jains. Since we are witnessing its reverse in present times, the socio-political atmosphere in India is taking an altogether different path. The malaise of caste, racial discrimination and case-based politics are strongly influencing the socio-political atmosphere of the country.
As a result, our social communities are competing with each other not for progress and development, instead they are falling prey to caste and religion based politics. These unchecked political agendas are not only instilling negative sentiment among diverse communities living in our country, it is also making people more opportunistic and intolerant towards each other. Various sections of society portray themselves to be undeveloped (even if they are not) and backward only to reap benefits from government’s schemes. Because politicians are not looking at what influence encouraging such attitudes will have, promoting such sentiment and ignoring its impact could hamper the progress of the society.
In this atmosphere of negativity, it is a big challenge to promote a single positive idea or thought for the betterment of the society. But, if the vision and ideology of Lord Mahavir is followed and practiced, it can lead to a positive change among people.
Love and compassion towards all living organisms is the very crux of the teachings of Lord Mahavir. It is this compassion that lays the foundation of forgiveness and non-violence and teaches society the positive impact of social unity and brotherhood.
He said, it takes a lot more efforts to display non-violence than violence. And, it was Lord Mahavir who was the first to teach the world that only, the strongest of all can walk the path of non-violence.
Today, there is an urgent need to develop such an environment based on these thoughts. We need an idea that can bridge the gap between all social communities and set an example for the world.
Since the Jain community is one of the most prosperous communities of India, they can play a vital role in spreading the teachings of the Lord Mahavir to usher ‘young India’ into a glorious future. One should always remember that to be able to bring about change, one has to face a lot of difficulties and hard work. Temptation and fear will always distract us from our noble path. But we should strive to overcome it and work towards eradicating caste and communalism from our society and follow the right path as was preached by Lord Mahavir.
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Author Ridhi Sarraf Riddhima
International renowned artist and awarded with fellowship by culture ministry of India
From time to time all art and aesthetics reflect the current intellectual trends of their time.
Sigmund Freud of Austria, a revolutionary, the great physician of the human mind, the founder of psychoanalysis, was not only a neurologist, psychiatrist, but also a philosopher, writer, poet. In short, he did not leave any subject untouched. Sigmund Freud discussed psychoanalysis as a way to deal with psychopaths and as an intellectual discipline.
A kind of upheaval or revolution of ideas was by Sigmund Freud a medical man who founded the science of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis initially emerged as a technique to treat mental illness, which was related to mental diseases. Then Freud tried to probe deeper into the unknown realm of the unconscious and was successful in this. Freud also conducted psychoanalytic studies on art and thus attempted to find unconscious factors within the artist’s own psyche.
A famous conception about Freud’s theory-
Freud’s theory – libido is often defined only in relation to amorousness. But this theory of Freud is much broader and deeper than this. This energy generally discusses the subject of the corporeal, but it also analyzes other diverse and broader states of mind. According to them, a large part of our brain is unconscious. He explained it as saying that mental energy is like a great reservoir; it includes mental impulses, primitive emotions and desires and felt pain etc.
Freud’s ideas about art seem like sensuality. But he interpreted both art and dreams as expressions of desires powerfully active in the unconscious. According to him, art is the fulfilment of man’s insatiable desires. Freud’s aesthetic theory presented such subjective and discordant theory.
But his discovery was so important that not only it did transform psychological theory, but revolutionized the entire intellectual world and post-Freud thought was not as before.
Before understanding Freud’s ideas of art, it is necessary to take a look at his other psychoanalytic aspects as well –
Oedipus and Narcissus Doctrine –
The heroes of Greek myths have been fascinating to psychoanalysts, who regard them as symbols of human intrapsychic life, development and conflicts. Many of these gods and heroes, such as Oedipus, Electra, Eros and Narcissus, have been named after psychological conditions, conflicts, and illnesses. Freud chose the myth of Narcissus to symbolize a self-absorbed individual whose libido is invested in the ego rather than in other people. The term narcissistic personality disorder, also derived from myth, describes a self-loving character with grandiose feelings of uniqueness.
His study emphasized the identification of childhood events that can affect the mental function of adults. Genetic and then developmental aspects gave psychological theory its characteristics.
According to Freud, dynamic personality formation and other ideologies –
Freud considered the nature of the mind or personality to be dynamic.
In general, the development of the ability to do a task in a better way is called dynamic development. And it is in gross (cognitive) and subtle (ignorant) form.
According to Freud, the dynamic side of personality is formed by three stages.
3. Super ego
According to him personality is the name of the activities of our mind and body. According to Freud, there are some mental elements which are not found in the conscious. In this, desires are related to childhood wishes, sexual desires and mental struggle etc., which are not even known to the person himself. Generally, the person is not able to fulfil them in his day-to-day life and by taking these distorted forms; these desires are present in front of the person in the form of dreams or sudden practical abnormalities.
Id is born with the birth of man. Its themes are desires that are related to libido and want instant gratification.
The ego is considered by Freud as self-consciousness which he described as the secondary control of human behaviour. It is the organized part of the Id, its purpose is to further the goals of the Id.
Para ego is a kind of standard of behaviour, which reflects moral behaviour. It develops over a period of time. Freud’s ideas of personality are also called the theory of psychosexual development. Freud has divided it into 5 stages –
1. Oral stage – one year from birth
2. Anal stage – 2 to 3 years
3. Phallic stage – 4 to 5 years
4. Latency stage – 6 to 12 years
5 Genital stages – 12 to 20 years
On the basis of the above theory, he gave the concept of Electra and Oedipus, which is a very complicated and controversial theory. According to him many qualities and characteristics of the lower animals are seen in man. And here in this theory he has tried to define attraction towards opposite sex.
According to him, only 1/8 part of the brain is conscious; the rest 7/8 part is unconscious. Many times in our life, we find this unconscious state when suddenly some social concepts break. Dreams, daydreams, slip of the tongue and small or major lapses of memory are other manifestations of the unconscious.
According to Freud, a work of art emanates from the three levels of the mind. Freud’s art theory is a dynamic theory and is full of energy, and he describes the artist as a creator or reservoir.
Here we will mainly explain his ideas about beauty or art.
Freud’s discussion on poetry, art and beauty –
Although Freud never presented a very mature and complete idea of art, yet we can know his ideas from his various essays, books and lectures.
Some of his works –
Leonardo da Vinci,
The Interpretation of Dreams,
The Relation of Poet to Daydreaming,
Wish Fulfilment and the Unconscious,
On Creativity and the Unconscious: Papers of the Psychology of Art, Literature, and Religion
According to him, if the part of our brain remains insatiable or in repression, then it never ends. That is, those unsatisfied desires remain buried somewhere and those desires constantly struggle to come out. But these are stopped by the ego which appears as a reflection of the outside world. Those desires are seeking pleasure, yes they are not satisfied at the level at which they initially appeared as instincts.
Some of the ways that one presents the gratification of this unconscious desire are –
Anna Freud who was Freud’s daughter, herself has discussed these main defence mechanisms. Because through these the ego can block itself from external reflections and can also satisfy its unconscious desires. These brain resources are also unconscious.
His thoughts regarding art and the artist pass through the unconscious mind. Actually, therefore, first in short we have to know the explanation of these brain resources also.
Some of these are as follows –
Repression: suppression means to completely stop or restrict those impulses which are not acceptable in the outside world. As we often find, in religious places saying a person that he is completely pure and he does not have such dirty thoughts thus he suppresses many of his physical and mental desires.
Opposite: means to turn an unwanted desire into an opposite desire, such as hate with love. As it happen in the case with real brothers.
Turning towards oneself: In this the person loves or hates himself. The above mentioned narcissism is an example of love and masochism is an example of hate.
Displacement: This is also an important mechanism in which the place of one object is taken by another object. As some people themselves are suffering from the trouble they demand justice or agitate against it in the society.
Neurotic Symptoms: He has elaborated on hysteria or other imaginary diseases. According to him, all these are the result of our repressed feelings.
Up gradation: This is an advanced and socially supported dimension. This sublimation process includes art, poetry, religion etc. Freud told that this is also the form of our repressed desires but it is presented in a different way.
Freud has described in detail about Leonardo, Novelist Dostoevsky and the religious man Moses. According to Freud, the artist’s subjects are influenced by his early life. Such as the works of Leonardo –
Infantile Fantasies of Vulture.
Fantasy about female figure – Her Mother.
Monalisa – Represents her mother’s smile.
Revival of Childhood – Revival of Childhood through Colour, lines and structure.
Madonna – Mother is glorified as a portrait in art.
His Abnormal Desire to Look – A Glimpse of Childhood
For Freud, art is a symbolic summary of unconscious desires.
Here comes the theory of dreams because dreams are the workshop of symbols.
Dream and art –
Dreams are mental actions that seem meaningless but are never meaningless. They are fulfilling our desires in another way. According to him, unsatisfied desires take the form of dreams to manifest in sleep. First of all, big desires take a small form, then they manifest in a perverted form in dreams. As if anger or aggression is in the form of a knife or a pistol. The dream acts like a personal hidden symbolic code. Dreams have a symbolic construction. And similarly this symbol is cited in the form of fairy tale, folk song or poetry.
According to Freud, the creation of dreams or art is identical. In both there is a journey beyond daily life.
There are some differences between art and dream – that art is an act done consciously or in the knowledge, whereas dream is not.
Art is tied to the medium whereas the dream is not.
In art, there is variety in pictures, whereas dreams are of a strange kind.
The individual desires of the artist take the form of an art picture or figure and they are also enjoyed by other people, there are also various reasons for this –
As fiction presentation should not be personal it should be universal.
The topic should be of engaging people.
The principle of beauty should be expanded.
According to Freud, art is a kind of reconciliation between the principles of pleasure and mental functioning.
First, Freud collects examples of an infinite number of desires – whether it is about the punishment of Hamlet, or the various works about the only strong memory of Vinci’s mother, or Michelangelo’s work on Moses in all the mental attitudes or constellations are functioning in the same manner.
The art in them act like the most personal dream. The artist not only presents an imitation of the true life, but he rises above all by liberating himself.
Reference: Krishna’s Aesthetics, Prakash Veereshwar
Nupur Sharma, HindiSahitya.com, Arash Javanbakht | <urn:uuid:01632f6f-c495-4784-87ed-31e8ae463c77> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://artisttech.co.in/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.958261 | 2,285 | 3.375 | 3 |
The representative of the food safety authority said that Lido had received a total of 27 kilos of beef, of which nine kilos still remained at the company's storehouse and 18 kilos had been sent to foodservice providers.
Mestere said that Lido will destroy the meat that is being kept at the storehouse. A probe is under way to trace the remaining 18 kilograms to establish if this meat has already been used for making meals.
The representative of the Food and Veterinary Service assured that the meat is not dangerous for human health if it has been cooked.
"A tracing system provided by the company enabled the service to quickly establish the remaining amount of the purchased ingredient and in which products the meat has been used, as well as to ensure that the ingredient and products are recalled from the market," Meistere said.
Panorama, the evening news program of Latvian Television, reported January 31 that sick cows had been illegally butchered at a slaughterhouse in Poland to be exported as beef. Representatives of the Food and Veterinary Service commented that Latvia imports virtually no fresh beef from Poland and that most of the beef imported from Poland is processed meat which has undergone additional checks.
Lido was founded in 1991, the company's share capital is €992,428. Gunārs Ķirsons is the largest shareholder with approximately 75% stake. Lido Group is made up of 13 restaurants and three stores in Rīga and in the vicinity of the city, as well as three restaurants in Tallinn, two Kirsons restaurants and a production facility in Berlin, and a meat production facility, confectionery and brewery in Riga. | <urn:uuid:04ef4712-62e7-40b4-988c-0c76a22e3eb2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eng.lsm.lv/article/society/health/some-condemned-polish-beef-has-reached-lido-restaurant-chain.a308093/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.980765 | 339 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Paying for Medical Care: A Jewish View
Dorff, Elliot N.
Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal. 1997 Mar; 7(1): 15-30.
According to Jewish law, there is a clear obligation to try to heal, and this duty devolves upon both the physician and the society. Jewish sources make it clear that health care is not only an individual and familial responsibility, but also a communal one. This social aspect of health care manifests itself in Jewish law in two ways: first, no community is complete until it has the personnel (and, one assumes, the facilities) to provide health care; second, the community must pay for the health care of those who cannot afford it as part of its provision for the poor. The community, in turn, must use its resources wisely, which is the moral basis within the Jewish tradition for some system of managed care. The community must balance its commitment to provide health care with the provision of other services.
Common Good; Decision Making; Economics; Ethics; Family Members; Government; Government Financing; Health; Health Care; Health Care Delivery; Health Insurance; Indigents; Insurance; Jewish Ethics; Law; Managed Care Programs; Medical Fees; Managed Care; Obligations of Society; Physicians; Public Participation; Public Policy; Resource Allocation; Theology;
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
Dorff, Elliot N. (1997-03)
Dorff, Elliot N. (1999-06)
Dorff, Elliot N. (1991) | <urn:uuid:49420773-0841-4dcc-b89d-b959d86fce3f> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/750921 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719027.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00303-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927568 | 325 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Biology: A Textbook
I wouldn't normally recommend an academic textbook. But when a book is this well presented, I can't pass it up. Biology is the study of life, and how we (and our animal friends) work is simply fascinating. This book gets an A+ from me for its easy, non-technical language and wonderfully informative illustrations. The included CD and website provide incredible animations that really let you see how things work. This is one textbook I'm going to keep. Mad Biologist use: Before you can create life (freakish though it may be), you must understand it. Also, what the heck? Flora or Fauna? Sadly one must know these terms before becoming a true Mad Biologist. It's kinda like 'Wax on, Wax off' for the mad scientist. | <urn:uuid:42f5bf97-4666-4576-82c6-873f0c608288> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thisnext.com/item/78E74BC9/2A39E03A/Biology-A-Textbook | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00572-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947611 | 168 | 2.171875 | 2 |
|What is the 25-man roster?
|The 25-man roster is the roster that the major league team is comprised
of. Players on the 25-man roster are eligible to play in a major league
|What is the 40-man roster?
|The 40-man roster is comprised of all of the players on the 25-man roster,
anyone who is on the 15-day
disabled list, and minor leaguers who usually have played 3 or more
professional seasons. Players who are on the 60-day
disabled list are not on the 40-man roster. A team may recall players
that are on the 40-man roster that are not on the 25-man
roster during the season.
|What is recalling?
|When a team wishes to add a player to the 25-man
roster that is on the 40-man
roster, that player is "recalled" from the minor leagues.
If the player that is to be called up is not on the 40-man
roster, that player needs to have his contract purchased.
|What is having your "contract purchased"?
|If a team wishes to add a player to the 25-man
roster that is not on teh 40-man
roster, that player needs to have his "contract purchased".
The team that purcahses the contract takes over the responsibility of paying
for that player's services.
|How many players can be on the major league roster?
|A team's roster may consist of 40 players until Opening
Day, when the number must be reduced to 25 until September 1st, when it
again becomes 40.
|How many players can be on each minor league
|There are two separate lists of players for minor league teams: the "active
list", and the "reserve list". Players may be transferred
between these lists before the start of each game, but only players who
are on the "active list" at the start of the game can play in
a particular game. The "reserve list" includes all players on
the "active list".
- AAA and AA teams are allowed 24 players on their "active list"
for the first 30 games. They are allowed 23 players on their active
list after that until August 10th, when they are allowed to have 24
players. The "reserve list" limit is 38 players for AAA teams
and 37 players for AA teams.
- A teams have a limit of 25 players on their "active list".
- Short season A teams have a limit of 30 players on their "active
- Rookie ball teams have a limit of 35 players on their "active
- Below AA, clubs can have a "reserve list" of 35 players.
|How does "optioning" work?
|Generally, after 3 pro seasons, a player must be protected
on a clubs 40-man roster
or he becomes eligible for the Rule 5 draft. Once a player is added to a
clubs 40-man roster,
the club then 3 available option years during which they can place him on
optional assignment to a minor league club. A player can be
sent up and down as many times as the club so chooses within those three
seasons. Once a player is out of options, he must clear waivers
in order to be sent down again.
- If a player is not sent to the minors during a year, an option is
- If a player is on the 40-man
roster in spring training but optioned to the minors before the
season is underway, an option is used.
- If an assignment in the minors lasts 20 days, an option is not used.
|How long does a team need to wait after sending
a player down to recall him?
|A player must be in the minor leagues 10 days before
rejoining a major league club.
|What does "Designated for Assignment"
|Being "Designated for Assignment" has been known as a "temporary
purgatory" for baseball players. When a team wants to remove a player
from the 25-man roster or
the 40-man roster, they can
designate that player for assignment. The team then has 10 days to try to
trade that player or place him on waivers. The purpose of designated someone
for assignment is to open up that person's roster spot.
|Which players are eligible are allowed to be
on the post-season roster?
|Players that are on the 40-man
roster by August 31st are eligible to be on the post-season roster.
If a player is injured, any player in the organization can be used. The
restriction in this case is that a hitter be substituted for a hitter, and
a pitcher be substituted for a pitcer. | <urn:uuid:d5257de5-a086-4180-8f76-1fb1d5ebcde0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.brewerfan.net/ViewRosterManagement.do | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00152-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973485 | 1,020 | 1.75 | 2 |
Seven students of jailed Uighur scholar Ilham Tohti have been sentenced to up to eight years in prison on charges of separatism in China’s western Xinjiang region, two rights lawyers have said.
The verdict comes a day after at least eight people were given the death sentence for allegedly carrying out two deadly attacks in restive Xinjiang region.
Li Fangping, the lawyer who defended Tohti, said he was told by the students' lawyer on Monday that they had been sentenced by the intermediate court in Xinjiang's capital Urumqi. Prosecutors had charged the students with "separatism", Li said.
"Yesterday, we received information of [sentences] between three and eight years," Li told Reuters news agency by telephone. "It's unclear what condition they are in. It is also unclear if they will appeal."
Liu Xiaoyuan, another lawyer who defended Tohti, confirmed the sentences, while a court official contacted about the case declined to comment.
In severe cases, charges of separatism in China are punishable by death.
Tohti, China's most prominent advocate for the rights of Muslim Uighurs, lost his appeal against a life sentence for separatism last month.
Prosecutors said the Uighur scholar had "bewitched and coerced young ethnic students" on a website he ran called Uighurbiz.net. The economics professor said he never associated with any terrorist organisation and "relied only on pen and paper" to advocate for Uighurs' rights.
During his trial, he rejected the prosecution's evidence and said statements against him by student volunteers who had worked on a website he managed were made under pressure.
China has blamed a series of violent attacks in which hundreds of people have been killed in recent years on Muslim rebels from Xinjiang who it says want to establish an independent state there called East Turkestan.
China has made no mention of the cases and has not provided the names of the students, many of whom had been detained since January. However, rights groups have identified the students.
The Global Times, a tabloid run by the party's official People's Daily, said six of the students, Perhat Halmurat, Shohret Nijat, Mutellip Imin, Abduqeyyum Ablimit, Atikem Rozi and Akbar Imin, are Uighur. The seventh student, Luo Yuwei, is from the Yi ethnic minority, the paper said.
The United States has called for the release of Tohti and his students. | <urn:uuid:374f7785-23ae-4c36-b35a-b78a40edc256> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia-pacific/2014/12/china-jails-students-uighur-separatism-201412955333319879.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00068-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980807 | 529 | 1.5625 | 2 |
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