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One of the most important 1950’s independent label owners passed away March 20. Hyman "Hy" Weiss started the Harlem-based Old Town label in 1953, and over the next two decades introduced a steady stream of artists that set the pace for a radical shift in public tastes. Jazz, Country, Pop, and Latin had been coming together around that time, but visionaries like Weiss added deep injections of Blues & R&B to the mix. Old Town Records was there from the start, and deserves credit for the type of risk-taking that helped pave the way for the soon -to-arrive Rock ‘n’ Roll and Rhythm & Blues explosions.
Hy’s name stands alongside such legendary figures as Ahmet Ertegun (Atlantic), Syd Nathan (Federal-King) , Art Rupe (Specialty), Herman Lubinsky (Savoy), Sam Phillips (Sun), Chess brothers (Chess), and the L.A.- based Biihari brothers. Jerry Wexler knew Weiss well---and called him "a lovable redneck."
Weiss made his reputation tapping into a rich vein of local (and other) artists that were beginning to combine the riches of R&B with the plaintive strains of adolescent crooning. This enticing hybrid would soon be known as Doo Wop. Hy’s two most successful R&B groups were the Solitaires ("Walking Along", "The Angels Sang") and Fiestas ("So Fine"), while two of the era's defining Doo-Wop anthems were 1963’s "Remember Then" by the Earls and 1961’s "There’s A Moon Out Tonight" by the Capris (also the label’s biggest success at #3). Some other Old Town songs that charted high nationally included "Let The Little Girl Dance" (Billy Bland), "Dear One" (Larry Finnegan), and "We Belong Together" (Robert and Johnny).
Like many other independents, Old Town and its subsidiaries embraced a broad range of genres to appeal to a wide cross-section of listeners. Thus, Blues, Jazz, R&B, Gospel, and even folk devotees could twist their ears to such talent as Brownie McGhee & Sonny Terry, Willie Dixon, Bob Gaddy, Larry Dale, Titus Turner, Oscar Brand, Gene Mumford, The Fairfield Four, Rosco Gordon, and Buddy & Ella Johnson. Weiss also co-wrote along with Raoul Cita that everlasting nugget "Life Is But A Dream" for the Harptones. The artist with the greatest longevity at Old Town was Arthur Prysock who continued recording for the label well into the 70’s, and whose heartfelt balladry was often accompanied by the Count Basie Orchestra.
Thanks to licensing arrangements with labels like Ace (U.K), Rhino, Collectibles, Atlantic, and P-Vine, the hundreds of titles in Old Town’s vaults (released and unreleased) are now available to delight new generations of listeners. With the passing of Hy Weiss the curtain may have finally been drawn on the panoply of pioneers who flew by the seat of their pants, yet did the important legwork for today’s music industry. | <urn:uuid:de7859d5-9ac0-41c2-a64c-348651f6da21> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.jazzreview.com/index.php/component/k2/item/14256- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719136.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00466-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942052 | 677 | 1.578125 | 2 |
VATICAN CITY — The Catholic Church officially has 22 new cardinals, including three from the United States and Canada: Cardinals Timothy M. Dolan of New York; Edwin F. O’Brien, grand master of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem and former archbishop of Baltimore, Md.; and Thomas C. Collins of Toronto.
Pope Benedict XVI created the new cardinals, who come from 13 countries, during a consistory this morning in St. Peter’s Basilica. He placed red hats — a three-cornered biretta — on their heads and placed a cardinal’s ring on their fingers.
The basilica was packed and several thousand people had to watch from large video screens set up in St. Peter’s Square.
The pope told the new cardinals that love and service, not an air of greatness, are to mark their lives as cardinals.
“Dominion and service, egoism and altruism, possession and gift, self-interest and gratuitousness: these profoundly contrasting approaches confront each other in every age and place,” he said, but the cardinals must model their lives on that of Jesus, loving others to the point of giving up his life for them.
“He is servant inasmuch as he welcomes within himself the fate of the suffering and sin of all humanity. His service is realized in total faithfulness and complete responsibility toward mankind,” the pope said.
In all things, Pope Benedict said, “the new cardinals are entrusted with the service of love: love for God, love for his church, an absolute and unconditional love for his brothers and sisters, even unto shedding their blood, if necessary,” a fact underlined by the red color of the biretta — a three-cornered hat — and the red cardinal’s robes.
Filed under: CNS | <urn:uuid:5ed2a9a9-27c9-4aaa-b0b4-ece08f451693> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://cnsblog.wordpress.com/2012/02/18/pope-creates-22-new-cardinals-calls-them-to-love-service/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00115-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959126 | 399 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Monitoring and analyzing social media signals doesn’t have to be a chore. These social media tools are free and easy to use. Provide your feedback to make the tools better!
Author CrawlerWhen you provide a URL into the Author Crawler Tool, a report is produced that identifies which verified authors are linking to your site, which sites they contribute to, the URL they use to link to your site, how many Twitter followers they have, and how many Google+ Circles they are included in.
Social Media Tool + AuthorshipUse our handy social media analysis tool to research content and its popularity. Find out how often your (or your competitors') articles are being shared and get the verified authorship data.
Check your Facebook Privacy SettingPeople can find out a lot about you online. Make sure you are not giving away information on your Facebook profile by using the Facebook Privacy Checker. By clicking “Connect” you can see what specific information you are sharing with everyone that views your profile. Facebook privacy issues can only be fixed once you know what they are and running this tool will help you solve these issues.
Social Activity TrackerThis social media monitoring tool can help you revitalize the strategies present in your internet marketing campaign.
Find Your Facebook IDProvide your Facebook profile or page URL here and we'll let you know your Facebook ID!
Youtube Reputation SearchThis tool is designed to offer you a simpler way of checking your Youtube reputation using popular criteria, such as your Twitter handle, brand name, domain name, etc. | <urn:uuid:6b8dcc8a-a0c3-4f1e-b987-0acc93feb5ce> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://freetools.webmasterworld.com/category/social-tools | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00564-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.913588 | 315 | 1.59375 | 2 |
This is a piece I wrote up and partly stole from Wikipediaand some other sources about the right to roam in Norway for my blog. Sweden also have similar laws...putting it here as I understand some of you plan to get here or go now and then :-)
What some visitors to Norway may have noticed is the lack of signs with texts like “Keep out!” or “No trespassing”. The reason is that for most places such signs would be illegal.
Yup, you do not need to clean your glasses, you read it right. In Norway, a landowner has no right to keep people off his land. Of course there are some rules governing this. And you may not roam around in someones garden, or trample across a cultivated field. But other than that, you are more or less free to go where you please.
You may even pick berries and mushrooms, and otherwise harvest from natures produce at your leisure. However fishing in freshwater lakes and rivers is not included in this. But saltwater fishing is. And in most places it’s is very easy to buy a fishing licence.
The freedom to roam is set in what we call the “all men’s right”. Here as explained by Wikipedia:
Everyone in Norway enjoys the right of access to, and passage through, uncultivated land in the countryside. The right is an old consuetudinary law called the allemannsrett (lit. all men’s right), that was codified in 1957 with the implementation of the Outdoor Recreation Act. It is based on respect for the countryside, and all visitors are expected to show consideration for farmers and landowners, other users and the environment. In Norway the terms utmark and innmark divide areas where the right is valid and where it is not. The law specifies innmark thoroughly, and all areas not covered by this definition are defined as utmark, generally speaking uninhabited and uncultivated areas. Cultivated land may only be walked on when it is frozen and covered in snow.
In later years the right has come under pressure particularly around the Oslo Fjord and in popular areas of Southern Norway. These areas are popular sites for holiday homes and many owners of coastal land want to restrict public access to their property. As a general rule, building and partitioning of property is prohibited in the 100m zone closest to the sea, but local authorities in many areas have made liberal use of their ability to grant exemptions from this rule. Even though a land owner has been permitted to build closer to the shore he can not restrict people from walking along the shore. Fences and other barriers to prevent public access are not permitted (but yet sometimes erected, resulting in heavy fines).
Canoeing, kayaking, rowing and sailing in rivers, lakes, and ocean are allowed. Motorised boats are only permitted in salt water. All waters are open for swimming.
Hunting rights belong to the landowner, and thus hunting is not included in the right of free access. In freshwater areas such as rivers and lakes, the fishing rights belong to the landowner. Regardless of who owns the land, fresh water fishing activities may only be conducted with the permission of the landowner or by those in possession of a fishing licence. In salt water areas there is free access to sports fishing using boats or from the shoreline. All fishing is subject to legislation to among other things protect biological diversity, and this legislation stipulates rules regarding the use of gear, seasons, bag or size limits and more.
This is allowed:
Roaming by foot on uncultivated land and in boats along the coast and on lakes year round.
Wander and bike on paths and roads.Most of the beach zone is considered uncultivated , and here you can walk freely allong the beach, but show consideration to people in the many cabins, and keep your distance when making stops.
On cultivated land you can roam from 14th October to 30th April, but only if the ground is frozen or covered in snow. Cultivated land also include grass fields for animal fodder, and grazing land.
You can pick berries, flowers, and mushrooms, but note that there are special rules for picking cloud berry in northern Norway (if you wish to live, stay away from them).
Picking nuts, if eaten on the spot.
Camp in a tent for two days without permission from the landowner or user. The distance from the nearest house or cabin however must not be less than 150 meters (165 yards), and the right to privacy must be respected. In the mountains and in remote areas, you may stay as long as you please, as long as you do not damage the natural environment. (pick up your garbage, move your tent now and then to prevent plant life under it from dying etc.)
Bathe and swim in the sea and in lakes
Light a campfire in the winter half of the year (15th Sep – 15th Apr.).
In the sea fishing is free. For freshwater lakes and rivers children under the age of 16 will get the fishing licence free of charge (except in lakes and rivers with salmon and sea-trout)
This is NOT allowed:
In built up areas (residential areas) and in a “privacy zone” near cabins and houses (ca 25 meters) the “all men’s right” does not apply. The same is true for tree plantations.
Do not leave garbage of any kind in nature.
Break off branches, or damage tree’s, and bushes that are growing.
Walk across or loiter in cultivated areas in the summer.
Light fires in wooded areas in the summer (15th Apr. – 15th Sept.)
Disturb animals and birds, including nests.
Take birds eggs from nests.
In areas protected by law there could be regulations that limit or ban roaming or gathering to protect the plant and animal life.
Show consideration, take responsibility!
Even if the all mans right gives you many rights, a positive dialogue with landowners is encouraged. If you plan to set up camp on someones land, ask the landowner for permission. He may even give you some advice on where the best camping grounds are.
A living cultural landscape needs active agriculture. Respect the landowners work and care taking.
Pay your road toll and buy a fishing license.
Keep your dog on a leash, know the rules governing this where you are.
Close the gates! | <urn:uuid:4e70f2ec-3df5-48a5-8a64-6cd6b6469125> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.naturalbushcraft.co.uk/forum/showthread.php?3266-The-right-to-roam-in-Norway | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00269-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95608 | 1,344 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Question of the week: “What should be done about the flooding of homes in the central city?”
photos and question by Harry Kemp
The Museum of Wisconsin Art unveiled its newest acquisitions of 24 artworks from 18 Wisconsin artists, a gift from MillerCoors, at a special reception August 3 in West Bend, Wisconsin. Evelyn Patricia Terry’s pastel, “Watermelon Sliced,” is one of the featured artworks in the exhibition, “A Case of Wisconsin’s Finest: New Art Acquisitions from the MillerCoors Collection.” The exhibition continues through December 30, 2010. Terry is shown with the MWA Assistant Director Graeme Reid (left) and MillerCoors Vice President of Corporate Affairs Mike Jones (right). Invited to speak during the program, Terry thanked the MWA for the direction that they are embarking on and for their commitment to Wisconsin artists. She also noted that Miller Brewing Company was one of the first of about 80 corporate and public institutions to purchase her artwork in the early 1980s. (Photo courtesy of the Museum of Wisconsin Art)
Clarene Mitchell was hired by Milwaukee Health Services, Inc. as the Corporate Communications Specialist. Mitchell is respected locally for her long history of working to address racial health disparities. She has a Bachelor of Arts in Communications from Cardinal Stritch University and experience in print journalism, establishing and managing community based health initiatives, and advancing the public profile of nonprofits.
As the Corporate Communications Specialist, Mitchell duties will include advancing the organization’s public image, facilitating business and government partnerships, fundraising strategy efforts and special projects. An initial area of concentration will focus on increasing the public image and utilization of MHSI’s Convenient Care Clinic that operates in the Midtown Piggly Wiggly. MHSI, opened the Clinic in October 2009 in partnership with Managed Health Services.
Milwaukee Health Services, Inc. (MHSI) is a private, non-profit, Federally Qualified Community Health Center (FQHC) that provides a comprehensive range of primary medical, dental and behavioral healthcare, in addition to a limited number of specialty services.
MHSI’s main clinics are the MLK Heritage Health Center at 2555 N. Martin Luther King, Jr. Drive and the Isaac Coggs Heritage Health Center at 8200 W. Silver Spring Drive.
Families learn how to handle anger through ‘Fireworks’
The Parenting Network offers Fireworks: An Effective New Approach to Dealing with Anger for parents and adults this fall. The goals of Fireworks are to help participants better understand the emotion of anger, learn how to manage anger constructively and learn to effectively handle other people’s anger. Fireworks is designed to help parents think in new ways about anger through group discussion, role-play and journaling.
“I learned more about myself and how to work with my family,” wrote one Fireworks participant, “After the first few weeks, I could see myself changing in many ways. I look at myself as a bigger and better person because of this experience.”
This ten-session class will be held on Thursday from 6:00-8:00 p.m. beginning September 9 and running through November 18. Class is not scheduled for October 7. Class meets at The Parenting Network at 7516 W. Burleigh St., Milwaukee. Fireworks is taught by a therapist and social worker with over 30 years experience working with individuals and families.
To register for Fireworks, call Christy or Tom at The Parenting Network at 414/671-5575. The cost for Fireworks is $100 per individual, or $150 per couple. For more information about The Parenting Network, please visit www.theparentingnetwork.org.
New book inspires with the one-of-a-kind true story of a single parent junkie who raised his daughter to become a successful Christian, college graduate
Pastor Ray Houston strips off all shame and hesitations as he boldly steps into the light and shares his inspiring tale of redemption in “There Is Life After Drugs How Do You Want It?,” his newly released book made available through Xlibris.
His life was all about the streets, alcohol, sex, money, and above all, drugs, was what made his life go round. He seemed to be a hopeless case of a lost soul, until he opened his heart to see the rewards of being a single parent, raising his baby daughter even in the midst of dysfunction.
Through vivid narration, Pastor Houston chronicles the sour events of his past to bring inspiration to everyone in the future. He was a drug addict for 27 years, but God allowed him to escape jail, dodge death and not lose custody of his child. His newfound freedom marks his fascinating journey of new life and hope.
From Skid Row to the federal building, the dysfunctional “Mr. Pookie Ray,” the brother from the hood, would overcome his addiction. Right after 9/11, a time of extreme scrutiny for the country, he was tasked to do business as a General Service Administration contractor, painting the FBI Offices, he even went on to paint then incoming Senator Barack Obama’s office suites. But what was most unbelievable was the fact that this former junkie eventually painted the Office of the Drug Enforcement Agency.
“There Is Life After Drugs How Bad Do You Want It?” inspires readers with the true tale of a junkie-turned-pastor. From page to page, it exudes a message of hope and love that you don’t have to quit living because you’re on drugs.
For more information on this book, log on to www.pastorrayhouston.com
Fighting childhood, adolescent obesity
The Conclusion Part 3 of 3
by Rev. Judith T. Lester, B.Min., M.Th.
If your child is overeating and it is not due to family stress, Dr. Linda Mintle in Preventing Childhood Obesity, Christian Counseling Connection (2005), suggests that parents explore these five areas:
1. How does the child fit in socially? It is true that overweight children suffer more rejection and social exclusion than their normal weight peers, however, they can practice social skills aimed at increasing positive peer relationships to reduce social anxiety.
There is also the problem with teasing. Parents should convey to their child that the two of them will handle the teasing together and work on improving the situation. Parents must be positive and give hope.
2. Are there opportunities to overeat? If a child overeats because there is an opportunity to overeat, parents must take charge of meals and snacking.
Buy healthy foods that build strong bodies. Buy more fruits, vegetables and other nutritious foods. Make mealtime a family event. This includes modeling good eating habits, encouraging your child to stop eating when full, eating at regular times, eating at designated places (the kitchen table only) and regularly offering a variety of foods to encourage healthy food choices.
3. Is the child getting enough physical exercise? For most children a sedentary lifestyle is one of the roots of being overweight. Time once spent on physical or outdoor activity has been replaced by television, computer, and video game time. Children need to engage in daily active activities. Choose activities that children enjoy like bike riding, rollerblading, kick ball, tag, or simply walking.
4. Does the child overeat at school? Many schools have a la carte menus apart from their normal lunch programs. Parents need to know what foods their child have access to during the school day and talk to the child about making healthy choices.
5. Finally, what is the parent(s) attitude about body image and weight? So much of a child’s attitude about his/her body comes from listening to how parents talk about their bodies. If the parent is constantly dieting, making negative remarks about their body, obsessing and talking about the way people look, the children will pick up on these themes and often feel they don’t measure up to preconceived ideals.*
In sum, obesity presents numerous problems for children and adolescents. In addition to increasing the risk of obesity in adulthood, childhood obesity is the leading cause of pediatric hypertension, is associated with Type II diabetes, increases the risk of coronary heart disease, increases stress on the weight-bearing joints, lowers self-esteem, and affects relationships with peers.
Parents you can set the example. Make healthy eating and living a family affair. Children will take their lead from their parents. If you eat healthy and stay active, chances are your kids will too. The Bible encourage parents to “Teach your children to choose the right path and when they are older, they will remain upon it” (Proverbs 22:6). Teach healthy behavior to your children at a young age and they will most often follow in the direction encouraged.
*Source: Dr. Linda Mintle in Preventing Childhood Obesity, Christian Counseling Connection (2005).
The writer does not assume responsibility in any way for readers’ efforts to apply or utilize information or recommendations made in these articles, as they may not be necessarily appropriate for every situation to which they may refer. Rather, the objective is strictly informative and educational. If you would like to contact Rev. Lester, write to her at P.O. Box 121, Brookfield, WI. 53008. | <urn:uuid:e5cd0e5a-9e28-4540-b773-cd7560c042b1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://communityjournal.net/2010/08/page/4/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00195-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956269 | 1,959 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Some articles on affected:
... Limitations of eye movements are confined to abduction of the affected eye (or abduction of both eyes if bilateral) and the size of the resulting convergent squint or esotropia is always ... in which both VIth and VIIth nerves are bilaterally affected giving rise to a typically 'expressionless' face ... Duane's syndrome - A condition in which both abduction and adduction are affected arising as a result of partial innervation of the lateral rectus by branches ...
... same day the leading NGO ? went to the affected areas of AJK ... it was the first NGO to reach the Bagh district and help the affected people ... People of Sehnsa also participated in helping their affected brothers with all they had ...
... fashion, which means that if one parent is affected, there is a 100% chance that a child will inherit the disease from an homozygous affected parent, and a 50% chance that a child will inherit the ...
... Initial symptoms in boys affected with the childhood cerebral form of ALD include emotional instability, hyperactivity and disruptive behavior at school ... Older patients affected with the cerebral form will present with similar symptoms ... There is no reliable way to predict which form of the disease an affected individual will develop, with multiple phenotypes being demonstrated within families ...
... The Paris region was strongly affected by the storm during the early morning ... gardens throughout the area were as severely affected by the hurricane-force winds ... Throughout the affected region, 137 people were killed and damage was estimated at US$11.3 billion ...
More definitions of "affected":
- (adj): Speaking or behaving in an artificial way to make an impression.
- (adj): Acted upon; influenced.
Famous quotes containing the word affected:
“This pond never breaks up so soon as the others in this neighborhood, on account both of its greater depth and its having no stream passing through it to melt or wear away the ice.... It indicates better than any water hereabouts the absolute progress of the season, being least affected by transient changes of temperature. A severe cold of a few days duration in March may very much retard the opening of the former ponds, while the temperature of Walden increases almost uninterruptedly.”
—Henry David Thoreau (18171862)
“He is not affected by the reality of distress touching his heart, but by the showy resemblance of it striking his imagination. He pities the plumage, but forgets the dying bird.”
—Thomas Paine (17371809)
“The real American type can never be a ballet dancer. The legs are too long, the body too supple and the spirit too free for this school of affected grace and toe walking.”
—Isadora Duncan (18781927) | <urn:uuid:8252012e-32b3-4894-ab52-c24bacf24344> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.primidi.com/affected | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00079.warc.gz | en | 0.959599 | 588 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Table of Contents
This is the schematic of the 30V/2A power supply I use in my own lab. Click here to see the full size image. It may look very complex, but it really isn't very difficult to understand: it uses only the knowledge we've learned in the previous lessons.
The top part looks like the power supply we built in a previous lesson: the transformer L1 transforms the outlet voltage to a safe 30V, which is rectified by bridge rectifier G2 and smoothed by capacitor C5. Transistors T3 and T6 form a darlington transistor. This darlington replaces transistor T1 in Lesson 7. However, the base voltage is not controlled by a simple potmeter, but by an 'electronic potmeter' with voltage feedback. The advantage of this feedback is a load-independent output voltage. | <urn:uuid:e2df5a3f-d92e-484b-a4c4-4d244aec9203> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hobby-electronics.info/en/electronics-course/lab-power-supply | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.92326 | 177 | 3.3125 | 3 |
Some 135 Palestinian students from Jerusalem could not attend school this year Israel arrested most of them and killed others.
The leader of the Fatah movement in Jerusalem, Adnan Gaith, said in a statement “As the new school year kicked off, hundreds of Palestinian students cannot attend school after they were arrested and shot dead by Israel.”
He added that “11 students were shot dead in Jerusalem since October 2015, and 124 students are in Israeli jails, 10 of them younger than 12.”
— Tweet_Palestine (@Tweet_Palestine) August 28, 2016
Gaith asserted that Israel does not abide by child protection rights and international laws, including resolutions issued by UNESCO and the Fourth Geneva Convention, which give children the right to education.
He concluded that “Israel, by targeting Palestinian children and by shooting and arresting them, aims at destroying one of the most important pillars of the Palestinian people –education.”
He added that the aim of this actions is, “to create an ignorant generation that is not aware of its cause. The Israeli occupation also introduces an Israeli version of the curricula to serve their agendas.” | <urn:uuid:02d705bd-9bc9-4e40-8206-c8e2fb063570> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.palestinechronicle.com/135-palestinian-students-jerusalem-cannot-attend-school/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.974634 | 245 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Memory cards - an overview
Flash memory cards are an essential part of the imaging process, as they record and store the precious images taken. These cards are solid state storage devices that do not contain any moving parts and are well suited for use in digital cameras due to their reliability and compact size. Several different types of memory cards for use in digital cameras have been released over time. The most prevalent types used for digital imaging are compact flash (CF) and secure digital cards (SD, SDHC, SDXC), while others, such as the Memory Stick or the xD card, are promoted by particular camera manufacturers.
Despite having been around since 1994, the relatively bulky CF cards have preserved a prominent place in the photographers' bag, as they have proven rugged in use and have offered very good capacity and speed performance at a reasonable price. There are two types of CF-cards available that share the same electrical interface, but differ by width: the thinner type-I can fit into the socket of the thicker type-II, but not vice versa. Virtually all CF-cards used in digital cameras nowadays are of type-I.
Secure Digital cards also come in different varieties. The original SD card had a storage capacity of up to 2GB. The subsequent SDHC (secure digital high capacity) and SDXC (secure digital extended capacity) versions increased the maximum storage capacity to, respectively, 32 GB and 2048 GB. SD cards (and even more so micro SD cards) have a clear size advantage over CF memory and dominate in use for small interchangeable lens cameras and compact cameras. Indeed, over time the development in memory cards has clearly shifted to more and more compact types of flash memory, while offering increased speed and storage capacity.
|Headline specifications of different memory cards|
|Memory card type||Abbreviation||Write Speed|
|Compact Flash, type I||CF-I||150||256||42.8 x 36.4 x 3.3||12||1994||Advanced DSLR|
|Compact Flash, type II||CF-II||16||8||42.8 x 36.4 x 5.0||15||1994||Advanced DSLR|
|Extreme Digital Picture Card||xD||4||2||20 x 25 x 1.7||2||2002||Fujifilm/Olympus|
|Memory Stick Pro||MS Pro||20||4||50 x 21.5 x 2.8||4||1998||Sony digicams|
|Memory Stick Pro Duo||MS Pro Duo||20||32||31 x 20 x 1.6||2||2003||Sony digicams|
|Micro Secure Digital||micro SD||6||4||11 x 15 x 1||0.4||2004||Compact cameras|
|Micro Secure Digital High Capacity||micro SDHC||10||32||11 x 15 x 1||0.4||2007||Compact cameras|
|Secure Digital||SD||20||2||32 x 24 x 2.1||2||1999||Compact cameras|
|Secure Digital High Capacity||SDHC||95||32||32 x 24 x 2.1||2||2004||Digital cameras|
|Secure Digital Extended Capacity||SDXC||280||512||32 x 24 x 2.1||2||2009||Digital cameras|
|XQD card||XQD||168||64||25 x 20 x 1.78||..||2012||Advanced DSLR|
Below is a list of memory card issues or questions that photographers have encountered. Hopefully, the respective comments or responses will prove helpful. Please send me a note, if you know of any other tips or tricks that should be added to the list.
Memory card FAQ
What are SD Speed Classes?
Speed classes are standards that regulate the minimum data transfer in SD, SDHC, and SDXC memory cards. The ratings make it possible to compare the speed performance of memory cards.
What does UHS stand for?
UHS (Ultra High Speed) represents the fastest performance category for SD cards, defined by a bus-interface speeds up to 312 Megabytes per second.
Can one save data from taking both still pictures and video on a single memory card?
Yes, mixing data from stills and video does not cause any problem, as long as the card has sufficient capacity.
Flash memory is very durable, so that CF and SD cards can last for 50 years or more. However, technical progress might limit the economic shelf life of a particular storage device.
Is it better to format a memory card inside a camera or with a computer and card reader?
Both methods clean out all files and set up the memory card for use. However, in-camera formatting is generally recommended for obtaining a file system that is optimized for the particular camera.
Can images that have been deleted be retrieved from a memory card?
Recovering deleted images might be possible with special software that card manufacturers have been making available. Respective software-tools can be found on the manufacturers' websites [lexar.com].
Are memory cards dust- and splashproof?
No, memory cards should generally not be exposed to dirt and water. However, some manufacturers have produced special high durability cards. For example, SanDisk advertises that its Extreme Pro range of SDHC cards is water proof, temperature proof, shock and vibration proof, as well as x-ray and magnet proof [sandisk.com].
Even though memory cards are generally quite durable, following some basic handling guidelines will ensure that the flash storage devices will provide valuable services well into the future. One piece of good practice is to format one's card in regular intervals in order to reduce data errors and maintain the rated capacity and speed of the storage device. Other tips to keep your card well can be found, for example, at slrlounge.com. | <urn:uuid:c098d63f-f7f3-4d98-a070-13ee542f209a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.apotelyt.com/photo-memory/sd-card-handling | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00186-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.890084 | 1,220 | 3.25 | 3 |
We are thinking of offering teachers a practical and user friendly way of accessing the video clips in the SPinTX corpus. We are assuming that teachers might sometimes be overwhelmed by what can be asked to a corpus query interface (i.e., they did not design the compilation process, and it can be just a small corpus — compare to Google, querying the entire web).
Thus we want to offer teachers two clip retrieval modes: the search mode and the browsing mode. The search mode is the usual Google-like key term based search. I would type “banco Medellín” to retreive documents related to banks (financial institutions) in Medellín (Colombia). However, I would type “banco madera Medellín”, if I were looking for documents about carpenters or stores selling wooden banks (to sit on) in Medellín.
The browsing functionality is intended to facilitate the visual exploration of pedagogically relevant information extracted from the corpus. One initial thought is the use of information clouds, as reflected in the figure below. Imagine a a blank square with two drop-down menus. On one of them you could select a topic, to determine the lexical goal, the vocabulary. On the other one you could select the linguistic topic, which could range from grammatical categories to functional ones and a range of other classification criteria that could be relevant for language instruction/learning.
Figure 1 shows how this particular strategy would look like if we select Todos (all topics) in the thematic dropdown list and Gram: Prep. régimen (grammar topic, verb and preposition combinations). The size of the particular verb+prep combination is related to the number of occurrences it has in the corpus now, though it could also be related to the number of documents that have it in the corpus too. | <urn:uuid:21b8bc2b-5717-417f-a845-bc544ffddef9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://sites.la.utexas.edu/corpus-to-classroom/2013/01/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.924599 | 383 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Fife and Kinross-shire is part of the peninsula extending out between the Tay and Forth. The coastline of Fife is about 170 km and the area of v.c. 85 is 1307 km2. The West and East Lomond Hills dominate Fife and are eroded volcanic vents as at Kellie and Largo Law. The Ochils extend along the northern edge as the Fife hills of Old Red Sandstone. The low-lying central area is glacial deposit, apparent at the sand and gravel pits near Ladybank and Wormit. Most of Fife is Carboniferous sandstone and limestone but there and on the south coast are some good volcanic vents and flows.
Fife is dominated by farmland and there is little woodland or natural grassland but there is an increase in tree planting and areas of land turned into amenity grassland (e.g. golf courses) and larger field boundaries. However the coastline is extensive and varied with salt marshes, small estuaries, sand dunes and dune slacks. There are examples of volcanic vents at Burntisland and Kinghorn. The coastal flora is particularly deserving of mention, e.g. Earlsferry to Shell Bay (Geranium sanguineum, G. pratense, Artemisia maritima, Astragalus danicus, Crambe maritima, etc).
Tentsmuir forest in the northeast is particularly rich in interesting flora (Lathyrus japonicus, Teesdalia nudicaulis, various sedges, Corallorhiza trifida, Goodyera repens, Hypopitys monotropa).
A variety of lochs and reservoirs have a variety of sedges and pondweeds: Lindores Loch, Clatto, Cullaloe, Fitty, Cameron, etc.
For a comprehensive account refer to Wild Flowers in Fife and Kinross. a concise checklist by George Ballantyne (2002).
Kinross-shire has been an entity in its own right since 1426 although it has undergone many boundary changes since. In the 1970s it was merged Perthshire to form the new Perth and Kinross District in the new region of Tayside; very recently it has been reinstated as ‘Kinross-shire’. It has long had an association with Fife and botanically this was endorsed by Watson when he drew up his divisions known as vice-counties about 1840, when v.c. 85 was designated Fife & Kinross. An apt if somewhat quaint description was made in 1905 by a local man, Hugh Haliburton, calling it the ‘Sleepy Hollow of Scotland’ – ‘hollow, though high, hemmed in on its four sides by the majestic Lomonds, dark Benarty, the serrated hills of Cleish and a portion of the long line of the pastoral Ochils’.
Where Fife revels in its long ornamental coastline, (known when inland coal mines and coastal barley where at their height as ‘a beggars mantle fringed with gold’), Kinross has Loch Leven, the largest stretch of freshwater in East Scotland. It contributes significantly to the v.c.’s botanical diversity, featuring populations of Holy Grass, Hierochloe odorata, Juncus filiformis, Ranunculus x levenensis, Limosella aquatica and others. The uplands have rarities in their glens, braes and lochans: several pondweeds, Potamogeton spp., Isoetes lacustris, sedges like C. laevigata, limosa & magellanica, Asplenium viride, Hymenophyllum wilsonii, Meum athamanticum plus various Hawkweeds, e.g. Hieracium dewari. Roads and burn sides have clumps of Rumex pseudoalpinus. An account of the Wild Flowers of Kinross was first drawn up by GHB in 1977 with a 2nd ed. in 1985 (o/p).
General queries to Sandy Edwards, 40 Tom Morris Drive, St Andrews, KY16 8EW. | <urn:uuid:29fd37cb-47fb-41a3-82e8-dd88b766f854> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bsbi.org.uk/fife-kinross | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.927763 | 877 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Do you want to remove excessive trees from your land or back yard? Or you want to start a tree removing business? Do you know how to cut trees? Are you searching for tools and types of equipment to remove trees?
If you want to know something about cutting trees, this article may be helpful for you. It is a fact that tree removal is not an easy task. It has been becoming a science.
Just having the equipment does not mean that you can cut trees. You must learn or hire a professional to cut trees. These professionals are called arborists.
What tools professionals use to cut trees?
We recommend you look at the best homeowner chainsaws by Chainsaw Larry to cut or remove trees. The tree cutting and removing job is not for unskilled persons. You must have the expertise and an insight into the botany. You must know how to climb up a tree safely. You must know different kinds of saws you need to use. You must know the techniques of climbing the trees. You must know how to cut the branches so that they may not become dangerous while falling.
Unskilled cutting may result in serious dangers.
For removing trees, you need to climb large trees. You must bring removed branches safely to the ground. There are transporting power equipment that you need to have. The following tools are necessary for rigging purpose.
You must have excellent quality tools for this hazardous task. You need ropes and rigging thimbles. Cable hoists, winches, and ring slings are necessary for this purpose. Friction brakes, blocks, and pulleys are required for rigging. You must have excellent quality slings and swivels.
All these pieces of equipment must be with you when you are starting your tree cutting business.
You need to have cutting tools if you are a professional. Knowledge is your essential and primary tool, and you must learn the science of cutting before you go for it.
A chainsaw is a crucial tool for cutting trees. There are different types and forms of chainsaws available in the market. Two main types of chainsaw are electric-powered and gas-powered chainsaw. It is apparent gas-powered chainsaws offer more mobility than an electric chainsaw. You need extension cords to reach the trees if you use an electric chainsaw.
Other cutting equipment includes;
- Hand saws
- Pole saws
- Hand pruners
- Tree loppers
- Different types of axes
- Hedge trimmers
You cannot minimize the need for well-maintained climbing equipment if you have a concern for safety. Climbing and safety tools are part of arborist’s tools. The following material may be in the bag of a tree cutting professional.
- Protective goggles/glasses
- Protective clothes
- Radios for communication
- Ascenders and descanters
- First-aid kit
- Different types of pulleys, carabineers, and rope
In short, you must have all of the equipment as mentioned above to cut trees.
Hello, my name is Justin. I manage the blog here. Hope you enjoy these posts. Let me know if you have any questions or just want to say hi. | <urn:uuid:faf8a85b-62e2-46eb-a6ad-078047268d6c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rynolawncare.com/what-equipment-is-needed-for-tree-removal/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.938919 | 688 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Unanswered: Best Method for storing lots of user data?
I am developing a an iPhone app that uses SQLite (client) on the mobile phone and MySQL on the Server (server). I will be syncing up data which will consist of data and images (using filesystem as opposed to BLOBS) between the phone and the server.
I am wondering which is the best method to store the users data on the server end. Should I create a table for every user? Store it as a flat file? or interweave all the users' data into one table. And finally should I create seperate folders for user?- to store their images?
Has anyone set up an e-mail server that supports multiple users? | <urn:uuid:2c75a023-83ed-4a78-a68a-92ecc3c30f96> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dbforums.com/showthread.php?1641317-Best-Method-for-storing-lots-of-user-data | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00393-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.911117 | 150 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Light L16 Camera
Most cameras form photographs by taking in light through one single lens. Diverging from this norm, the Light L16 Camera boasts 16 individual cameras on its face, firing off ten simultaneously every time you hit the shutter. Computational fusing melds the individual images together for an incredibly high-quality final image of up to 52 megapixels, bringing DSLR quality to a highly compact point-and-shoot. It’s also effectively equipped with an optical zoom or 35 to 150mm, shoots solid images in low-light conditions, and lets you adjust depth of field all the way to f/1.2, even after the fact. And even if you can’t afford it or don’t want to drop this kind of cash on the admittedly experimental L16, we’re confident the technologies behind this device will in one way or another mold the future of compact photography.
Learn more at Light – $1,300 | <urn:uuid:d5ef004d-f6b2-47cc-a655-e36152fd56ea> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.gearhungry.com/light-l16-camera/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988722951.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183842-00209-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.89601 | 199 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Distance from Damnagar to Anjar
Distance from Dāmnagar to Anjār is 220 kilometers. This air travel distance is equal to 137 miles.
The air travel (bird fly) shortest distance between Dāmnagar and Anjār is 220 km= 137 miles.
If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles) from Damnagar to Anjar, It takes 0.24 hours to arrive.
Damnagar is located in India.
|GPS Coordinates (DMS)||21° 41´ 32.3520'' N |
71° 31´ 2.8920'' E
Dāmnagar Distances to Cities
|Distance from Damnagar to Babra||28 km|
|Distance from Damnagar to Bedi||177 km|
|Distance from Damnagar to Chakan||407 km|
|Distance from Damnagar to Basmat||644 km|
|Distance from Damnagar to Bantva||151 km|
Anjar is located in India.
|GPS Coordinates||23° 6´ 47.3760'' N |
70° 1´ 36.1560'' E
Anjār Distances to Cities
|Distance from Anjar to Amet||465 km|
|Distance from Anjar to Amreli||207 km|
|Distance from Anjar to Pithampur||585 km|
|Distance from Anjar to Ahmedabad||263 km|
|Distance from Anjar to Agra||923 km| | <urn:uuid:bea35628-e4e8-4a3b-96dc-98996a998d0b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.distancefromto.net/distance-from-damnagar-in-to-anjar-in | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00431-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.822002 | 323 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Topic: Plant Transport Subtopic: The structure of the plant root
Why are plant roots important?
Answer: Plant roots soke up water and minerals from the soil, and help in resiting the pulling and stretching force when the stem is blown.
- What happens to excess glucose in diabetic person?
- What is happening to heart?
- How does blood move?
- What happens if less oxygen is absorbed in blood?
- What happens to proteins in liver?
- What is size of white blood cell? | <urn:uuid:3532dcf0-aea4-4146-ba2d-81bde9af0443> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mcqlearn.com/g7/science/why-are-plant-roots-important.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00175-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.900487 | 108 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Currently, the Bridge of the Gods
, is a white, steel
that crosses the Columbia River
near Cascade Locks
(on the Oregon
side) and Stevenson
(on the Washington
side). It was built in 1926, however, due to the Great Depression
, it was not raised until 1938. It was, for a time, one of the better (and only) places one could cross the river upstream of Portland
with using a boat. Despite its relatively recent vintage
, its name references a much older legend
(I'm a little out of practice, and there are about a dozen versions of this legend floating around. So, if I've made any mistakes, somebody correct me or post an alternate version.)
s of the Lower Columbia River
tell a story about a bridge
that once spanned the Columbia River
, some legends call it Tamanous, others call it Tabmahnawis, and still others have different names for it, but it is best known among the white settler
s and their descendants as the Bridge of the Gods
. For, you see it was formed by Tyee Sahale
, as gift for the Multnomah and the Klickitat people, who would be joined by it as long as they were good and friendly with each other.
Many years passed, and the two peoples began to quarrel
among themselves, becoming selfish
. Tyee Sahale
, angered, deprived the people of fire
and they suffered in the cold
. Finally, they begged Tyee Sahale
for fire, for mercy, and so he granted it to them. For, you see, one old woman had remained kind and selfless and giving, and her name was Loowit.
So, Tyee Sahale
went to her and said, "If your share your fire
, I will give you anything you wish."
"Then," she said,"I wish for eternal you and beauty."
So, Tyee Sahale granted her wish and instructed her to tend her fire in the middle of the bridge, so that both peoples could take some of her fire with them. This she did, and by the setting of sun, the lodges were again filled with the flicker of flames. Because of her great beauty, however, two young leaders of the peoples, one from the north and one from the south, fought for her attention. Pahtoe was from the north and he was somewhat older and a skilled warrior. While, Wy'east, from the south, even though younger and less skilled, was an able and enthusiastic fighter. Their rivalry soon turned to violence into which they drew their two peoples. Tyee Sahale saw this, turned Pahtoe and Wy'east into mountains that are today known as Mount Adams and Mount Hood, and then, Loowit herself became a mountain, one which is known today as Mount St. Helens. Then, he came to the river and destroyed the bridge. Even after they were transformed, the two leaders continued to battle, throwing flaming rocks at one another, some of which missed the mark and fell into the Columbia River. Finally, they stopped quarreling, and peace returned to land between them. Pahtoe, being older and wiser, realized what had happened and hung his head in shame, which is why Mount Adams seems so low despite still being great. While, Wy'east, still young and proud, held his head high, hoping that Loowit would see him, which is why Mount Hood though smaller comes to a great peak. Thus, it was the wickedness and jealousy of the two leaders which destroyed the Bridge of the Gods, and divided the peoples. | <urn:uuid:9813046e-4a18-4e0e-b557-e2728e92032a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://everything2.com/title/Bridge+of+the+Gods | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00436-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.987964 | 760 | 2.5 | 2 |
I got Juvederm Ultra injection into my lips and conceived in a month after the treatment. I was told it would stay in my body for up to 1 year. I am really concerned about by baby's health. Will the breakdown of Juvederm affect the developing fetus?
Will the Breakdown of Juvederm Affect the Developing Fetus?
Doctor Answers 2
Juvederm is injected into the skin in the mid to upper dermis and slowly absorbed by the body. Although no studies have been conducted by Allergan, the maker of Juvederm, the filler should not affect the developing fetus.
Juvederm and pregnancy
Obviously it's recommended not to have injections while you are pregnant. However, many, many, many women get pregnant while they still have Botox or Dysport or fillers in their bodies. It's ok. Don't get anything else done until you are through your pregnancy and breastfeeding, but don't panic about removing fillers now. Just enjoy your pregnancy. | <urn:uuid:e33f38db-a778-4ebf-8cfe-8eb17b6a0aed> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.realself.com/question/the-breakdown-juvederm-affect-the-developing-fetus | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00438-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973103 | 206 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Sunnyside-area students gained hands-on experience with light and sound waves during a demonstration this past Monday at the community center.
The demonstration was on display by LIGO of Hanford in partnership with Sunnyside's Promise.
LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory) is a project based at the Hanford Observatory and is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Its focus is a search for gravitational waves from outer space.
Monday, LIGO's traveling exhibit was at the Sunnyside Community Center to give students an up-close look at the research.
Whether it was playing with light waves or seeing sound waves, students had several experiment stations to review. They also had a chance to play with gravitational pull.
Dale Ingram works with LIGO and was here in Sunnyside. He said the purpose of the LIGO research at Hanford is to better understand major occurrences in space, such as black holes colliding or star explosions in space.
While the research focuses on outer space, Ingram said LIGO could eventually provide some technological advances here on Earth.
Since the work is funded by tax dollars, he said any technical or industrial progress would be shared in the U.S. public domain.
Some of the experiments students enjoyed Monday altered the way they look at sound and light.
"This looks like a Pink Floyd album cover!" exclaimed Jerry Orozco as he peered through one color-distorting exhibit.
Meanwhile, Itzel Alvizo got a serious giggle out of one experiment which, by peering through prisms, made her teeth look gargantuan.
Ingram says those giggles and exclamations of discovery are exactly what LIGO wants to hear with its traveling experiment stations.
"We want to give kids an enjoyable experience with wave science," he smiled. | <urn:uuid:33f06d4f-1b45-4d93-a469-71548548395d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dailysunnews.com/news/2011/jul/20/science-on-wheelstraveling-exhibit-stops-off-in/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00246-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967578 | 389 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Explore the words cloud of the ADMITTED project. It provides you a very rough idea of what is the project "ADMITTED" about.
The following table provides information about the project.
TXT E-SOLUTIONS SPA
|Coordinator Country||Italy [IT]|
|Total cost||1˙718˙330 €|
|EC max contribution||1˙718˙330 € (100%)|
1. H2020-EU.220.127.116.11. (IADP Fast Rotorcraft)
|Duration (year-month-day)||from 2019-02-01 to 2023-11-30|
Take a look of project's partnership.
|1||TXT E-SOLUTIONS SPA||IT (MILANO)||coordinator||790˙000.00|
|2||SCUOLA UNIVERSITARIA PROFESSIONALE DELLA SVIZZERA ITALIANA||CH (MANNO)||participant||482˙500.00|
|3||STICHTING NATIONAAL LUCHT- EN RUIMTEVAARTLABORATORIUM||NL (AMSTERDAM)||participant||445˙830.00|
Flight testing is an important phase during the development of an aircraft to validate the design. During flight, data is gathered and design problems are identified and solved. The collected data are fundamental for the analysis and Aircraft are properly instrumented to generate large amounts of information. Such huge amount of data needs to be properly evaluated and traditional methods and platforms are no more effective. Flight testing is a significant cost contributor to the aircraft production life cycle and is still extensively deployed. Flight test programmes take several years and more prototypes are built to reduce lead times. Strong adherence to rigour safety and certification requirements and generally unchanged circular advisories inhibit the potential improvement of flight test designs. Innovative algorithms and statistical estimation are not achieving its full potential in the industrialized flight testing environment. The methods in this proposal increase the quality and productivity of an experiment, leading to a required test point reduction or increased predictive capabilities. The purpose of this project is to define and implement a state-of-the-art platform able to support data analysis. This is achieved by adopting a complex hardware architecture to support big data analysis and implementing specific algorithms to support data correlation, time series management and statistical analysis. Furthermore, to support flight test engineers, novel approaches based on machine learning are provided to support the technicians in detecting specific flight conditions. The same platform is also adapted to support the development of the Next Generation Civil Tilt Rotor Technology Demonstrator.
Are you the coordinator (or a participant) of this project? Plaese send me more information about the "ADMITTED" project.
For instance: the website url (it has not provided by EU-opendata yet), the logo, a more detailed description of the project (in plain text as a rtf file or a word file), some pictures (as picture files, not embedded into any word file), twitter account, linkedin page, etc.
Send me an email (email@example.com) and I put them in your project's page as son as possible.
Thanks. And then put a link of this page into your project's website.
The information about "ADMITTED" are provided by the European Opendata Portal: CORDIS opendata. | <urn:uuid:74a0e1b8-0e1f-4b38-b6a3-7c7821fa0af8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fabiodisconzi.com/open-h2020/projects/220993/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.873744 | 797 | 1.617188 | 2 |
To live is so startling it leaves little time for anything else.
— Emily Dickinson
Why I Read Poetry
So much noise from police helicopters in Tucson, the city where I live. Also F16s and military transports. Below them and around me the Birds of the Air: Eucalyptus Owl, Velvet Cardinal, Quail, Mourning Doves, a Yellow- Bellied Something, Sparrows and an Ominous Mesquite Hawk. Many nests of what seem to be the same. Something eats the newly hatched black-and-yellow butterflies. Thus the wing pieces I find on the asphalt.
These things mean the cruelest month, April, is here again, and April bears the dubious moniker of National Poetry Month. Create a month for an artistic genre and you have its lethal prescription. National Vitamin Month, National Tattoo Month — well, you get the point.
Yet poetry cannot be killed. It has no commercial value, no marketing appeal, little or no presence in the schools, and it isn’t widely read. Poetry isn’t popular. Yet it continues on like a slightly cool literary zombie. New MFA programs and new poets continue to surface and older poets keep going. Should poetry be a significant part of our reading lives? Is it necessary?
I say “yes.” Because poetry does things other literary genres do not (hybrids excluded here). Poetry – at least good poetry – uses language to create a reality that rises to the reality of experience. Think phenomenology. We perceive the world in ever-accelerating image streams. Poetry uses the language of perception and finds the ruptures, the cracks where associations and imaginative leaps shine through. Here we live the harder truths and find glimpses of our shared humanity.
As fiction is to storytelling, poetry is to singing. Like singing, it comes from the deep, high, imaginative, sound-based, spiritual, light and dark recesses of human experience. It is unaccounted for, it does not add up to the sum of its parts. Poetry resists intellectualism. As image streams change, poetry must also change. It is by nature the voice of our times.
Consider Frank O’Hara’s lines, written years ago:
I’m becoming the street.
Who are you in love with?
Straight against the light I cross.
And Matthew Zapruder, as he writes right now:
I see sad crushed plastic/
Everywhere and put/
Some thoughts composed
Of words that do not
Together and feel
A little digital hope.
Or these breaking echoes, from Ryan Murphy’s new collection:
Broken flowers of the bank machines
That light the sky
And you and you and you.
Much like mine, your despair. Also your job and trees and plastic and the pixelated screens inside you. Show me your kitchen, your war, your dictator, use the language of perception and I will inhabit the room. I am not the same person leaving.
To find language adequate to experience – to show us things we need to know in a way that, if we listen with the little brain in the ear, transcend the white noise of existence and lead us into the world of terrible marvels, of joy and sorrow and worse, the lack of – this is the work of poetry. The best poems give us a flashlight or at least glow-in-the-dark-bracelet we may use to blink back a message or partially make out the dirigible we’re pretty sure is radioactive and floating over us like a birthday balloon. I’ll take the smallest light. And that’s why I read poetry.
~Joni Wallace’s debut poetry collection, Blinking Ephemeral Valentine, was selected by Mary Jo Bang for the 2009 Levis Prize from Four Way Books. She lives in the Southwest with her husband and two young children.
Joni read from Blinking Ephemeral Valentine at BookPeople on Friday, April 15th, 8pm.
Excerpts from Frank O’Hara, Walking to Work, The Collected Poems of Frank O’Hara; University of California Press, 1995; Matthew Zapruder, After Reading TuFu, I Emerge from a Cloud of Falseness, Come On All You Ghosts, Çopper Canyon Press, 2010; Ryan Murphy, The Redcoats, Untitled (after Vija Celmins), Krupskaya, 2010. | <urn:uuid:41fb02a9-6832-4897-8fd7-bc7abb9699cb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bookpeopleblog.com/2011/04/11/why-joni-wallace-reads-and-writes-poetry/?replytocom=1933 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.902113 | 944 | 1.773438 | 2 |
It seems every year has seen weather extremes in recent times. After 2012 brought Hurricane Sandy to the east coast of the United States and the wettest year ever for England, many may have expected a quieter time, but unusual weather continued to make news across the world in 2013.
I have selected five significant events. Inevitably, many stories have been missed out – in particular heatwaves (Australia had a very warm year) and floods in Canada and the US.
But whether it’s blizzards in March or floods in June, the weather events that really stick with us are the ones that seem too unusual for the location or time of year.
Snowfall in northwest Europe, March
On 11 March a wintry area of low pressure moving into northern France pushed fronts over the Channel Islands and coastal counties in southeast England, bringing in cold air from northern Europe.
Snow led to blizzard conditions on Guernsey that were said to have been the worst for at least 16 years with level snow depths of at least 16 cm; there was even an air frost on the Isles of Scilly – a very rare event at any time of the year.
Approximately 47,000 homes lost power in Normandy due to snowfall; in North Cotentin 25cm of snow lay by mid-afternoon on the 11th with wind gusts up to 100 km/h on the coast. In Belgium, the snowstorms caused 1,600 km of traffic jams; high-speed Eurostar and Thalys trains were also suspended.
European floods, May-June
Extreme rains in the Alpine region and in Germany, Poland, Czech Republic, Austria and Switzerland caused the most intense and extended flooding in the Danube and Elbe river catchments since at least 1950. More than 400 mm of rain in places during 29 May−3 June. Passau in southeast Germany had its highest river water level since 1501. At least 20 people died as a result of the floods.
May had been a wet month in central Europe with rainfall more than twice the average for the month, leading to almost saturated soils. An area of low pressure brought large amounts of moisture from the south across the Alps, where it met very cold air from the north at upper levels in the atmosphere. The heavy rainfall was in part triggered as air was forced to rise over the Alps. Total damage was, by mid-July, said to have exceeded $16 billion.
North Indian floods, June
The Southwest Asian monsoon season brought the worst flooding and devastation in the past half century to regions near the India-Nepal border.
The monsoon arrived 15 days early in Uttarakhand, with a cloudburst and very heavy rain during 14−18 June. Northwest India received nearly double its average June rainfall with the monthly total at Lakshmi Ashram of 523.8 mm being 344% of average. The flooding occurred during the peak tourist and pilgrimage season with hundreds of thousands of visitors being stranded as bridges and roads were washed away. At least 6,000 people died.
The deluge caused the melting of the Chorabari Glacier and many rivers burst their banks. Warnings by the India Meteorological Department predicting heavy rains were not given wide publicity beforehand.
Typhoon Haiyan, November
Typhoon Haiyan (known as Yolanda in the Philippines) was an exceptionally powerful tropical cyclone that devastated parts of the Philippines (in particular) in early November. The known death toll by the end of November was more than 6,000 although more than 10,000 were estimated to have died in Tacloban City alone; it was reportedly the strongest-ever storm at the time of landfall in the Philippines at Guiuan, Eastern Samar, on the 7th at 2005 UTC.
Haiyan was identified initially as a storm on 2 November and rapid intensification to typhoon status followed by 5 November. Around 1200 UTC on 7 November Haiyan attained its peak intensity with ten-minute sustained winds of 230 km/h and a central surface pressure of 895 millibars. Six hours later gusts up to 378 km/h were declared.
Such was the scale of the damage that a major international call for relief was initiated.
North Sea storm surge, December
On 5 December a major depression moved eastwards from northwest Scotland to southern Sweden (central pressure 962 millibars at 2400 UTC) – and further eastwards the next day. As a surface wind from the north to northwest became established later in the day, a massive tidal surge affected coastal areas around the North Sea. Earlier, winds gusting up to 142 mph battered Scotland.
Coastal areas of the North Sea are particularly prone to storm surges because water flowing into the shallower southern end cannot escape quickly through the Dover Strait. Winds blowing from the north increase this funnelling effect, raising the coastal water levels.
In the UK thousands of people had to evacuate their homes along the east coast, where the coastal surge was the worst since 1953 with local flooding and some houses being washed into the sea as cliffs gave way. At least six people died by the time the winds moved finally down over northeast Europe.
Almost inevitably, it is the unusual, extreme and tragic events that remain longer in our memories. Every year brings different weather events and these are impossible to predict months in advance. | <urn:uuid:a53bdd94-c856-45bc-a992-d191aa643567> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://theconversation.com/2013-the-year-in-extreme-weather-21487 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00408-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978835 | 1,095 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Can a Vermont couple, recently transplanted from Brooklyn, survive the worst weather disaster in recorded history?
Ash, 35, is newly arrived in Isole (pop. 6,481) with Pia, his beautiful but highly neurotic wife. They have given up lucrative urban careers to “grow things and build things, preserve things and pickle things,” and otherwise live authentic lives. But three months after their move, U.S. authorities announce that a natural disaster, referred to as The Storm, is on its way, in the form of “as many as thirty named tropical storms and hurricanes,” plus “likely heat waves and drought, and even severe blizzards.” The stressed-out populace slowly sheds “the thin veneer of civility,” and Ash and Pia’s marriage predictably begins to unravel. The Storm is slow moving, though; the public finds out about it in September, but it doesn’t arrive until spring. By that point, 19 chapters into the book, the reader is eager for the damn storm to occur. The two by then hate each other. It’s not surprising—they spend almost every waking hour together in this thinly populated book. Only August, a neglected neighborhood boy whom Ash comes to care for and love, and Maggie, a comely fellow Isoleen he covets, come alive. The Storm is an all-purpose metaphor: the apocalypse; climate change; and, most of all, the powerful forces that tear marriages apart. Debut novelist Reilly, a former official in the Obama White House Office of Management and Budget, makes a rookie mistake and reveals on the first page of the book that the narrator survives the deluge. By the last page, soaked readers are unlikely to care.
With so many dark clouds and heavy-handed portents, you don’t need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows. | <urn:uuid:b26e0925-93c8-49b1-9288-7ee0c3c4c51d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/meg-little-reilly/we-are-unprepared/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00473-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959582 | 400 | 1.71875 | 2 |
(Mashable) -- Why is Rocko, that one-dimensional wallaby from the '90s cartoon series, now a friend of mine on Facebook? And Charlie Brown? And Chip 'n' Dale?
Other Facebook users -- if they haven't jumped on the bandwagon already -- will likely see a similar trend in the next few days.
A new campaign is asking users to change their profile picture to a photo of a favorite childhood cartoon to raise awareness of child abuse.
According to a Facebook Page that appears to be promoting the profile pic switch, this is the Campaign to End Violence Against Children -- Childhood Cartoon Faces.
"Until Monday (Dec. 6), there should be no human faces on Facebook but an invasion of memories. This is for eliminating violence against children," the page says. The undisclosed campaign creator asks Facebook users to change their profile pic and share the above statement in their status.
The origins of this campaign remain a mystery, as it doesn't seem to be affiliated with any official organization.
And not that you need to limit child abuse awareness to a certain time of year, but, at least in the U.S., National Child Abuse Prevention Month isn't until April.
Some Facebook commenters have also pointed out the perhaps misdirected effort, posting messages skeptical of any tangible outcomes.
"Yeah...like this is gonna help end violence against children..." one commenter wrote.
Regardless of the campaign's effectiveness, or what Malcolm Gladwell would probably say about it, the Childhood Cartoon Faces campaign is catching on.
Will you be changing your profile picture? And what do you think about Facebook awareness campaigns? Share your thoughts in the comments.
© 2013 MASHABLE.com. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:0cbd884d-08b4-4c15-a335-8a7ab0d16e0b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cnn.com/2010/TECH/social.media/12/06/facebook.cartoon.characters/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00078-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94406 | 352 | 1.5 | 2 |
Undergraduate | Apr 27, 2016 | Gabelli School of Business
Gabelli students win at International Business Ethics competition
Travis Navarro, Alisha Mehndiratta, Abigail Ahern, James Kodi and Kara Norton, all BS ’16, took home two first-place awards and one second-place award in the competition, held in Cambridge, Mass., this month.
The competition asks students to examine a real-world ethical dilemma and devise legal and ethical solutions. The Fordham team was one of 28 from universities from all over the globe. Others included Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, LaSalle University in Philadelphia and University of California, Berkeley.
The Gabelli School students chose the surge-pricing tactics of the car-service app Uber as their presentation topic.
Their thesis was that surge pricing beyond three times the normal fare was unethical because the increased costs unfairly affect poorer customers and contradict the company’s stated mission to serve everyone. Toward a solution, they proposed a tiered surge-pricing system that built in alternative ways to handle peak demand, ranging from a simple tripled fare in the first tier up to mandatory carpooling in the third.
The team took home first place in both the 30-minute presentation with question-and-answer session and the 10-minute presentation. The group also placed second in the 90-second presentation.
In addition, Norton took part in a 5K run sponsored by the competition and came in third place.
The team worked with Assistant Dean Greer Jason-DiBartolo and Professor Miguel Alzola on its presentation. | <urn:uuid:3d93f96c-fc70-4ad7-bb18-62351893aeb7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gabelliconnect.com/undergraduate/ibecc-fordham-2016/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.949886 | 331 | 1.65625 | 2 |
LET’S REVIEW: A Loud Silence, Deaf artists explore sound
La Jolla Light
Feb. 11, 2015
Art can be of great value in helping us look at concepts like “difference” and “equality” in new ways. It can even speed the process of our social evolution.
The Calit2 gallery (California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology) on the UC San Diego campus is one place where they are not afraid to do this and that makes it worthy of our attention. Calit2 is a place that can help us grow. Its curators and artists make our humanity “bigger.”
The latest show at Calit2 is called “LOUD silence.” It’s about sound and hearing and explores the question, “What do deaf people really hear?”
The artists in this show collectively attempt to explode the myth of a silent deaf world. They aim to build a pathway that will help eradicate any prejudice against deaf people and lead to new ways of thinking about sound and silence.
Social scientists Carol Padden and Tom Humphries say people with deafness actually know a lot about sound; it informs and inhabits their world just as much it does the next person.
It’s just that the deaf hear more viscerally — through vibrations and feelings. They may even see sound. | <urn:uuid:54275b9f-8598-4e9a-87be-53bcb6d5d264> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nvrc.org/2015/02/lets-review-a-loud-silence-deaf-artists-explore-sound/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00487-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94681 | 288 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Is no-follow link, good for SEO?
Link building plays an important role in SEO. The healthy links are created by directory submissions, article submissions, video submission, blog submission, forum activities and much more. The links obtained by these activities may be with do-follow or no-follow attribute which is based on the site linking to you.
Links with do-follow and no-follow attribute make more difference in SEO strategy. Many site owners think that no-follow links are bad for SEO and it affects the SERP result. But practically it was not the case! As per the Google scenario it’s the do-follow links which create some negative effect when it was from the unrelated sites.
Are you confused with the do-follow and no-follow attributes?
The links with the do-follow attributes are crawled by the Google or other search engine bots. So do-follow links must be from the relevant and high PR sites, as it was crawled by the search engine bots. Do-follow link plays an important role in increasing SERP results, if it links from high PR sites.
At the same time, links with no-follow attributes are not crawled by the search engine bots. Many websites provide no-follow links. Though it won’t influence SERP result, these links may bring huge traffic to your websites which indirectly helps in improvement of SERP results. Amount of traffic depends on the popularity of the site linking to you.
Hence no-follow links does not harm the ranking of the website; instead they help to increase traffic to your website.
Please share your thoughts guys. | <urn:uuid:5b2c278e-3471-4c3b-89b5-deef0953d0ea> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.seomastering.com/seo-forum/search_engine_optimization_basics/no_follow__do_follow_links/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00234-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957139 | 333 | 1.742188 | 2 |
ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Sec. Plant Breeding
Identification, isolation, and expression analysis of heat shock transcription factors in the diploid woodland strawberry Fragaria vesca
- 1State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- 2Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
Heat shock transcription factors (Hsfs) are known to play dominant roles in plant responses to heat, as well as other abiotic or biotic stress stimuli. While the strawberry is an economically important fruit plant, little is known about the Hsf family in the strawberry. To explore the functions of strawberry Hsfs in abiotic and biotic stress responses, this study identified 17 Hsf genes (FvHsfs) in a wild diploid woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca, 2n = 2x = 14) and isolated 14 of these genes. Phylogenetic analysis divided the strawberry FvHsfs genes into three main groups. The evolutionary and structural analyses revealed that the FvHsf family is conserved. The promoter sequences of the FvHsf genes contain upstream regulatory elements corresponding to different stress stimuli. In addition, 14 FvHsf-GFP fusion proteins showed differential subcellular localization in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts. Furthermore, we examined the expression of the 17 FvHsf genes in wild diploid woodland strawberries under various conditions, including abiotic stresses (heat, cold, drought, and salt), biotic stress (powdery mildew infection), and hormone treatments (abscisic acid, ethephon, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid). Fifteen of the seventeen FvHsf genes exhibited distinct changes on the transcriptional level during heat treatment. Of these 15 FvHsfs, 8 FvHsfs also exhibited distinct responses to other stimuli on the transcriptional level, indicating versatile roles in the response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Taken together, the present work may provide the basis for further studies to dissect FvHsf function in response to stress stimuli.
Global warming has brought about many severe environmental problems with adverse impacts on almost all aspects of plant development, growth, reproduction, or yield (Hedhly et al., 2009; Mittler et al., 2012). Although plants are sessile organisms that cannot escape from stress conditions, a cascade of activities regulated by transcription factors are triggered in response to such conditions (Schwechheimer and Bevan, 1998). Particularly, plant heat shock transcription factors (Hsfs) are known to play a central role in protecting plants from heat or other stress conditions (Scharf et al., 2012).
Hsfs are structurally conserved throughout the eukaryotic kingdom. Earlier studies focusing on the structural and biochemical characteristics of Hsfs (Harrison et al., 1994; Littlefield and Nelson, 1999) revealed that a typical Hsf consists of five conserved motifs, including a DNA-binding domain (DBD), an oligomerization domain (OD), a nuclear localization signal (NLS), a nuclear export signal (NES), and an activator peptide motif (AHA) (Never et al., 1996; Scharf et al., 2012).
A number of studies have demonstrated that Hsfs play vital roles in plant responses to abiotic stresses such as heat, cold, salt, drought, and oxidative conditions, among others (Schramm et al., 2008; Yoshida et al., 2010; Hwang et al., 2014). For example, a versatile regulatory regime involving HsfA1, HsfA2, HsfB1a, Hsp90, and Hsp70 in the control of heat stress response was proposed (Hahn et al., 2011). HsfA2 serves as the most strongly induced Hsf, accumulating to high levels after exposure of tomato (Chan-Schaminet et al., 2009), Arabidopsis (Schramm et al., 2006), or rice (Mittal et al., 2009) to long-term heat stress. Substantial evidence has also demonstrated that HsfA2 is associated with the expression of multiple Hsps or general stress-related non-chaperone encoding genes (Schramm et al., 2006; Chan-Schaminet et al., 2009; Nishizawa-Yokoi et al., 2009). HsfA3 is located downstream of the DREB2A stress-regulatory system in the transcriptional cascade (Schramm et al., 2008) and could be involved in physiological responses to drought and salt stress (Li et al., 2013). HsfA4 was reported to be involved in oxidative stress (Davletova et al., 2005) and cadmium tolerance in rice and wheat (Shim et al., 2009). HsfA6a and HsfA6b expression is highly increased under high salinity or dehydration conditions (Yoshida et al., 2010; Hwang et al., 2014). In addition, HsfB1a and HsfB2a/b were reported to be associated with pathogen resistance in Arabidopsis (Kumar et al., 2009; Ikeda et al., 2011; Pick et al., 2012). In addition to stress resistance, Hsfs have also been linked to important roles in plant growth and development (Kotak et al., 2007; Almoguera et al., 2009). Recently, genome-wide expression profiles analyses in rice (Mittal et al., 2009), wheat (Xue et al., 2014), soybean (Chung et al., 2013), and apple (Giorno et al., 2012) also indicated that several Hsf genes were transcribed at high levels during heat, cold, salt, and drought stresses. However, little is known about Hsf genes in the strawberry.
The strawberry is one of the most important fruit crops in the world. However, more extreme temperatures and droughts, serious fungal infections and secondary salinization have strongly limited the growth, development, reproduction, and yield of strawberry plants in recent years (Maughan et al., 2015; Nezhadahmadi et al., 2015). The woodland strawberry F. vesca has a smaller genome (~240 Mb) that is highly congenic with its octoploid cultivated species (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) (Shulaev et al., 2011). These features underlie its potential utility as a versatile experimental system for studying the counterparts of many important genes in Rosaceae fruit crops (Shulaev et al., 2011; Liu et al., 2014).
To explore the functions of Hsfs in abiotic and biotic stress responses in the strawberry, the current study identified and isolated FvHsf genes in a diploid woodland strawberry accession Heilongjiang-3 (Liu et al., 2014), in addition to analyzing the evolutionary relationships, gene structure, protein domains, and expression profiles of these genes with respect to heat, drought, salt, cold, and powdery mildew infection stresses and abscisic acid, ethephon, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid treatments. Notably, the subcellular localization of most (14/17) of the FvHsf proteins was demonstrated; these data have not been fully elucidated in any other plant species. Taken together, the present work may provide the basis for further studies to dissect FvHsf function in response to abiotic or biotic stresses.
Materials and Methods
Identification and Classification of Hsf Genes in Strawberry
A publicly available database (http://planttfdb.cbi.pku.edu.cn/) predicted that 15 Hsf genes exist in the diploid strawberry genome (accession Hawaii-4) and predicted the corresponding nucleotide and amino acid sequences. All of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the predicted FvHsf genes were used as queries to perform BLAST searches in the public NCBI database. The strawberry genes with the highest identity (>90%) and lowest E-value (0) were selected as candidates. If two or more protein sequences at the same gene locus overlapped, only the longest sequence was used. All of the putative candidates were manually verified with the InterProScan program (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/pfa/iprscan/) to confirm their completeness and the presence of a DNA-binding domain (PF00447) (http://pfam.sanger.ac.uk/).
Phylogenetic analysis was used to classify the FvHsf genes into three classes and further subclasses (Scharf et al., 2012). The full-length amino acid sequences of Hsf proteins from strawberry (FvHsf), A. thaliana (AtHsf), rice (Oryza sativa L., OsHsf) (Guo et al., 2008), apple (Malus domestica Borkh, MdHsf) (Giorno et al., 2012), and grape (Vitis vinifera, VvHsf) were used to generate a phylogenetic tree through ClustalW alignment and the unrooted Neighbor-joining method using MEGA 5.0 (Tamura et al., 2011). Neighbor-joining analysis with pairwise deletion was performed using the Jones-Taylor-Thornton (JTT) model. Bootstrap analysis was performed with 1000 replicates to assess the level of statistical support for each tree node (Xue et al., 2014).
Gene Structure, Protein Domains, and Synteny Analysis of Strawberry Hsf Genes
The exon-intron structures of FvHsf genes were visualized using the online program GSDS 2.0 (http://gsds.cbi.pku.edu.cn/), which aligns the respective coding sequences with corresponding full-length sequences. The protein domains of the FvHsf genes were identified using MEME online tools (http://meme.nbcr.net/meme/) with the parameters set as follows: the minimum length of the conserved motif was 6, the maximum length of the conserved motif was 100, and the largest number of discovered and conserved motifs was 25. The other parameters retained their default settings. The results were presented by DOG 1.0 (Ren et al., 2009). The syntenic blocks used to construct a synteny analysis map between the strawberry and Arabidopsis Hsf genes were obtained from the Plant Transcription Factor Database (http://planttfdb.cbi.pku.edu.cn/) and Plant Genome Duplication Database (Lee et al., 2013), and the diagrams were generated by the Circos program, version 0.63 (http://circos.ca/).
Isolation and Subcellular Localization of Strawberry Hsf Genes
To provide more insight into the function of FvHsfs, we designed gene-specific primers to isolate the putative Hsf genes from a diploid woodland strawberry accession Heilongjiang-3. The predicted full-length coding sequences of FvHsf genes were amplified from Heilongjiang-3 cDNA using high-fidelity Taq HS-mediated PCR. Then, we used the isolated FvHsfs to examine the subcellular localization of these proteins. The amplified PCR products were digested with XbaI/XhoI and KpnI and fused in-frame with GFP in the XbaI/XhoI and KpnI site of the pBI221 vector containing the CaMV 35S promoter (Clontech, Beijing, China), resulting in the pFvHsf-GFP plasmids. The primers used to clone genes and construct vectors are available in Supplementary Table S1.
For the transient expression of FvHsfs-GFP in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts, the corresponding pFvHsfs-GFP plasmid was transformed into Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts using the PEG-calcium transfection method described in Yoo et al. (2007). After transformation, the Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts were kept in darkness at room temperature for 16–18 h before examination by fluorescence microscopy. Images were acquired using an Olympus BX-51 inverted fluorescence microscope (Olympus, Japan). The image data were processed using Adobe Photoshop (Mountain View, CA, USA). All of the transient expression assays were repeated at least three times.
In silico Promoter Analysis
The cis-elements presented in the 1 kb region upstream of the translation start site of the strawberry Hsf genes were obtained from the PlantCARE database (Rombauts et al., 1999), and the corresponding nucleotide sequences were retrieved from NCBI with their gene IDs (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/).
Plant Materials and Treatments
The wild diploid strawberry F. vesca accession Heilongjiang-3 was grown in the strawberry germplasm resource greenhouse of Northwest A&F University. The potted strawberry plants were grown at 22°C with 70% relative humidity and no supplemental light. Six-month-old strawberry seedlings with the tenth leaf fully expanded were selected for treatments. The roots, stems, leaves, flowers, receptacles, and fruits of greenhouse-grown Heilongjiang-3 were used to analyze the organ-specific expression of the FvHsf genes. A. thaliana ecotype Col-0 was grown at 22°C with 75% relative humidity under short-day (8 h light at 125 μmol ·m−2·s −1, 16 h dark) conditions for 4–5 weeks before transformation.
Heat stress treatment was performed by transferring potted strawberry plants to a 42°C chamber for 48 h. Leaves were collected from the plants at 0, 0.5, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h post-treatment (hpt). Cold stress treatment was performed by transferring the plants to a 4°C chamber for 48 h. Leaves were harvested from the plants at 0, 0.5, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hpt. For both the heat and cold treatments, another set of potted Heilongjiang-3 seedlings were kept in the control temperature range of 22–27°C. Salt stress was simulated by irrigating potted strawberry plants with 300 mM NaCl once. Another set of control Heilongjiang-3 seedlings was similarly treated with distilled water. The leaves were collected from the plants at 0, 0.5, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hpt. Drought stress was simulated by withholding water and sampling at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 hpt. The plants were rewatered after 144 h of drought stress and sampled again 24 h later. The plants were inoculated with powdery mildew (Podosphaera aphanis) by touching the adaxial epidermis of Heilongjiang-3 with sporulating colonies located on the leaf surface of the strawberry cv. Red cheeks. Another set of control Heilongjiang-3 seedlings was similarly touched with uninfected, healthy leaves. The treated plants were then incubated in a controlled environment. Inoculated leaves were collected at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 h post-inoculation (hpi). The inoculations were repeated three times. For hormone treatments, the strawberry leaves were sprayed with a solution containing 0.1 mM abscisic acid (ABA), 1 mM salicylic acid (SA), 0.1 mM methyl jasmonate (MeJA), or 0.5 g/L ethephon (Eth), while another set of control Heilongjiang-3 seedlings were similarly sprayed with distilled water. The treated leaves were then collected at 0, 0.5, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hpt for RNA isolation. Six leaves from six separate plants were collected at each time point of each treatment and combined to form one sample, and all of the experiments were performed independently in triplicate.
Semi-quantitative PCR and Real-time Quantitative PCR Analysis
Total RNA was isolated from treated leaves or tissue samples using an EZNA Plant RNA Kit (R6827-01, Omega Bio-tek, USA). cDNA synthesis was performed using PrimeScript RTase (TaKaRa Biotechnology, Dalian, China). The strawberry 18S gene was used as a control to normalize the amount of cDNA used from each sample (Raab et al., 2006). VECTOR NTI was used to design gene-specific primers for each FvHsf gene (Supplementary Table S1). The following semi-quantitative reverse-transcription PCR program was used: 95°C for 3 min, 30–32 cycles of 95°C for 30 s, 60°C for 30 s and 72°C for 30 s, and a final step of 72°C for 5 min. The PCR products were separated on a 1.0% (w/v) agarose gel, stained with ethidium bromide, and imaged under UV light for further gene expression analysis. Each reaction was performed in triplicate, with the three independent analyses for each treatment showing the same trends for each gene. The expression profiles from the semi-quantitative RT-PCR were collated, analyzed, and visualized using the GeneSnap and MeV 4.8.1 programs.
Real-time quantitative PCR was carried out using SYBR green (TaKaRa Biotechnology) on an IQ5 real time-PCR machine (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) with a final volume of 21 μl per reaction. Each reaction mixture contained 10.5 μl SYBR Premix Ex Taq II (TaKaRa Biotechnology), 1.0 μl cDNA template, 1.0 μl of each primer (1.0 μM), and 7 μl sterile distilled H2O. Each reaction was performed in triplicate. The cycling parameters were 95°C for 30 s, 40 cycles at 95°C for 30 s and 58°C for 30 s. After amplification, the samples were kept at 50°C for 1 min and the temperature was gradually raised by 0.5°C every 10 s to perform the melt-curve analysis. Relative gene expression was determined using an 18S-26S interspacer gene as an endogenous control gene (Raab et al., 2006). Each relative expression level was analyzed with IQ5 software using the Normalized Expression method. The primers used for real-time RT-qPCR are listed in Supplementary Table S1.
The data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation of the mean (SD) and were tested for statistical significance with a paired Student's t-test (http://www.physics.csbsju.edu/stats/). p < 0.05 was selected as the point of minimal statistical significance in all of the analyses.
Identification and Isolation of Hsf Genes in the Diploid Strawberry
A total of 17 strawberry Hsf genes were originally obtained through the BLAST search in NCBI using the 15 strawberry Hsf amino acid sequences that were predicted in the sequenced genome of the accession Hawaii-4 (http://planttfdb.cbi.pku.edu.cn/) (Shulaev et al., 2011). All 17 of the proteins contained apparently complete Hsf-type DNA-binding domains (PF00447) and oligomerization domains (Never et al., 1996; Scharf et al., 2012). As a result, 17 FvHsf members were identified in the diploid strawberry (Table 1). More detailed information about each FvHsf gene, including the Hsf gene IDs, gene location, length of the coding sequences, and the characteristics of the FvHsf proteins can be found in Table 1. Using the predicted FvHsf coding sequences, we initially isolated 14 homologous genes from a diploid woodland strawberry accession Heilongjiang-3 (F. vesca). It is notable that the ORF sequences of the isolated FvHsfs from accession Heilongjiang-3 share high identities (≥96%, E-value = 0) with the corresponding FvHsfs in strawberry accession Hawaii-4 (Shulaev et al., 2011) (Table 1).
Phylogenetic Analysis and Classification of FvHsf Proteins
Compared with fungi and animals, plants possess large numbers of Hsf genes (Von Koskull-Doring et al., 2007), and the plant Hsf genes were assigned into A, B, and C classes based on the diversity of the oligomerization domain (Never et al., 1996). To examine the classification of FvHsf members and to gain some insight into the potential function of FvHsf proteins from well-studied Hsfs in other plant species, we used full-length amino acid sequences to perform a phylogenetic analysis of Hsf proteins from strawberry, rice, apple, grapevine, and Arabidopsis (Figure 1A). The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 106 Hsf proteins from these plants were clearly grouped into three different clades corresponding to the Hsf classes A, B, and C (Figure 1A, Table 1, and Supplementary Table S2). Within each Hsf protein class, particular clusters of orthologous and paralogous genes have been identified, showing ancestral speciation or duplication events. For example, the monocot rice has an additional C2 clade but has lost the A9 and B3 clades (Figure 1A). Although all of the clades resolved in dicots (apple, grapevine, and Arabidopsis) are represented in the strawberry Hsf proteins, fewer paralogous pairs may limit the size of the FvHsf family (Figure 1A).
Figure 1. Comparative analysis of strawberry Hsf genes with the corresponding genes in rice, apple, grapevine, and Arabidopsis. (A) The linearized neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree of Hsf proteins from strawberry, rice, apple, grapevine, and Arabidopsis. The full-length amino acid sequences of the Hsf proteins were used to construct the phylogenetic tree using the MEGA 5.0 program. Unrooted neighbor-joining analysis was performed with pairwise deletion and the Jones-Taylor-Thornton (JTT) model. The filled circle lines were used to cluster the genes into the A, B, and C classes. (B) Synteny analysis of strawberry and Arabidopsis Hsf genes. The strawberry and Arabidopsis chromosomes are depicted as a circle. The approximate location of each AtHsf and FvHsf gene is marked with a short red line on the circle. The colored curves denote the syntenic regions of the strawberry and Arabidopsis Hsf genes.
Syntenic Relations, Exon-Intron Organization, and Protein Domains of the FvHsf Genes
Most of the Arabidopsis Hsf genes have been systematically investigated in recent years, and a synteny analysis of strawberry Hsfs and Arabidopsis Hsfs was performed in the present work to ascertain whether this information might provide more functional insight. A total of 11 pairs of syntenic Hsf genes were found between strawberry and Arabidopsis; this number included 11 FvHsf genes and 12 AtHsf genes (Supplementary Table S3; Figure 1B). Interestingly, two FvHsf genes (FvHsfA1d, FvHsfA6a) and one AtHsf gene (AtHsfA6b) were found to be associated with two syntenic blocks (Supplementary Table S3). Insights into the structure of the FvHsf genes were obtained through an analysis of the exon/intron boundaries, which are known to play key roles in gene family evolution (Schwartz et al., 2009). As shown in Figure 2, the FvHsf genes exhibit a highly conserved exon-intron organization: of the 17 FvHsf genes, 14 possess two exons and three have one exon. It is interesting that the introns of the FvHsf genes divide the highly conserved DNA-binding domains coding regions into two parts, and all of the introns are phase zero introns. Plant Hsf proteins show a highly modular assembly of protein domains (Never et al., 1996; Scharf et al., 2012). We used the online MEME tool to predict the conserved FvHsf protein domains, identifying 23 conserved motifs (Figure 2; Supplementary Table S2). Unsurprisingly, all 17 of the FvHsfs showed the presence of a DNA-binding domain (DBD) in the N-terminal of the protein (Figure 2; Supplementary Table S2). The oligomerization domains (OD or HR-A/B region), which differ in sequence among the class A, B, and C members, are adjacent to the DBD (Figure 2; Supplementary Table S2). In addition, nuclear localization signal (NLS) motifs were found in 15 FvHsfs, nuclear export signal (NES) motifs were found in five class A FvHsfs, and transcription activator (AHA) motifs were found in eight class A FvHsfs (Figure 2; Supplementary Table S2). Overall, each FvHsf protein contained the necessary DBD and OD, but some FvHsfs have specific motifs such as NLS, NES, and/or AHA, which might lay the foundation for the functional divergences between different FvHsfs (Scharf et al., 1998; Döring et al., 2000; Heerklotz et al., 2001).
Figure 2. Structural analysis of strawberry Hsf genes. The protein domains of the strawberry Hsf genes are shown on the left and are denoted by rectangles with different colors. The exon-intron organization is shown on the right, with exons and introns represented by red wedges and black lines, respectively, and untranslated regions (UTRs) indicated by blue boxes. The number 0 represents the intron phase. The exon size can be estimated using the scale at the bottom of the diagram, while all of the introns were set to same length. The blue dashed rectangles are used to cluster the genes into the A, B, and C classes.
Regulatory Elements in the FvHsf Promoters
An in silico survey of the putative cis-elements in the 1 kb region upstream of the translation initiation codon of various FvHsf genes showed the presence of some abiotic stress response elements such as HSEs (heat shock elements), which were found in FvHsfA2a, FvHsfA4a, FvHsfA6a, FvHsfB2a, and FvHsfC1a (Figure 3). In addition, LTR, a cis-acting element involved in low-temperature responsiveness (Jiang et al., 1996) was observed in FvHsfA1b, FvHsfA4a, and FvHsfA8a; anoxia responsive elements (ARE) were observed in 13 FvHsf genes; MBS (MYB binding site), a cis-acting element involved in drought-inducibility (Deng et al., 1996), was found in 10 FvHsf genes; Box-W1, a fungal elicitor responsive element, was identified in FvHsfA5a, FvHsfA9a, and FvHsfB2a; and TC-rich repeats, a cis-acting element involved in defense and stress responsiveness, was seen in 11 FvHsf genes. Lastly, ABA responsive elements (ABREs) were found in nine FvHsf genes, MeJA responsive elements (CGTCA-motif/TGACG-motif) were observed in eight FvHsf genes, and SA responsive elements (TCA-element) were seen in nine FvHsf genes (Figure 3). Notably, plenty of hormone-responsive elements were seen in the FvHsf promoter sequences, indicating that phytohormones could play central roles in regulation of heat stress responses (Clarke et al., 2009).
Figure 3. Cis-elements are present in the 1 kb region upstream of the strawberry Hsf translation start site. The analysis was performed using the PlantCARE database. The different-colored boxes mark the relative positions of the different elements.
Subcellular Localization of FvHsfs
The cellular localization of Hsfs is essential to their functions (Scharf et al., 1998). To investigate the subcellular localization of FvHsfs, the coding-sequences of 14 FvHsf genes were fused in-frame with GFP under control of the CaMV 35S promoter. The fusion constructs and the positive control were transiently expressed in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts. As shown in Figure 4, the GFP expressed from the control construct was dispersed throughout the whole cell, whereas the most of the FvHsf fusion proteins were clearly located in the nucleus. However, some of the FvHsf fusion proteins, including FvHsfA2a-GFP, FvHsfA3a-GFP, FvHsfA4a-GFP, FvHsfA5a-GFP, FvHsfB2b-GFP, and FvHsfC1a-GFP, were also detected in the cytosol. To confirm the nuclear and cytosolic localization of the FvHsfs, we also examined the subcellular localization of VpCDPK2, a grape calcium-dependent protein kinase that was reported to localize to both the nucleus and cytosol of Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts (Zhang et al., 2015). The FvHsfs and VpCDPK2 exhibited similar subcellular distributions (Figure 4). These results might have broader implications for understanding the subcellular localization of plant Hsfs (Lyck et al., 1997; Kotak et al., 2004).
Figure 4. The subcellular localization of 14 FvHsfs. The selected Hsf genes were cloned from a diploid woodland strawberry (F. vesca) and used to construct CaMV35S::Hsfs-GFP vectors in which GFP was fused at the C terminus. The 14 FvHsf-GFP fusion proteins (FvHsfA1b-GFP, FvHsfA1d-GFP, FvHsfA2a-GFP, FvHsfA3a-GFP, FvHsfA4a-GFP, FvHsfA5a-GFP, FvHsfA6a-GFP, FvHsfA9a-GFP, FvHsfB1a-GFP, FvHsfB2a-GFP, FvHsfB2b-GFP, FvHsfB3a-GFP, FvHsfB4a-GFP, and FvHsfC1a-GFP), the VpCDPK2-GFP marker protein, and GFP control were transiently expressed in A. thaliana mesophyll protoplasts and observed by fluorescence microscopy. The merged pictures include the green fluorescence channel (first panels) and the chloroplast autofluorescence channel (second panels). The corresponding bright field images are shown on the right. Bars = 10 μm.
Expression Profiles of FvHsfs in Different Organs of the Strawberry Plant
To determine the biological roles of Hsf genes in strawberry Heilongjiang-3, the distribution of 17 FvHsfs transcripts was surveyed in six major organs (roots, stems, leaves, flowers, receptacles, and fruits) under non-stress conditions. As shown in Figure 5B, the FvHsfA1d, FvHsfA2a, and FvHsfB3a transcripts showed consistent distribution throughout all of the tested organs, and most of the FvHsf genes exhibited high mRNA levels in the fruits of Heilongjiang-3, with the exception of FvHsfB2a and FvHsfC1a. The FvHsfA1b, FvHsfA4b, FvHsfA5a, FvHsfB1a, FvHsfB2b, and FvHsfC1a genes showed high transcription levels in the flowers and receptacles of Heilongjiang-3; FvHsfA1b, FvHsfA3a, FvHsfA4a, FvHsfA6a, and FvHsfC1a also exhibited higher transcript abundance in old leaves than in roots, stems, and young leaves. In addition, the FvHsfA1b, FvHsfA4b, FvHsfA5a, FvHsfA8a, FvHsfA9a, and FvHsfB1a transcripts could not be detected in the roots of Heilongjiang-3, while FvHsfB2a could not be detected in any Heilongjiang-3 tissues. The organ-specific FvHsf expression patterns suggest that FvHsfs could play important biological roles in the growth and development of strawberries (Kotak et al., 2007).
Figure 5. The expression pattern of 17 FvHsf genes in different organs/tissues and under different treatments. The expression profiles were generated by semi-quantitative PCR and were visualized as heat maps. The color scale represents log2 expression values, with red denoting increased transcript abundance and green denoting decreased transcript abundance. Only partial data are shown for the stress and hormone treatments (the expression levels of 17 FvHsfs at 0.5 hpt, 2 hpt, 4 hpt, 24 hpt, and 48 hpt of heat, cold, salt, and hormone treatments; the expression levels of 17 FvHsfs at 24 hpt/i, 48 hpt/i, 72 hpt/i, 144 hpt/i, and 168 hpt/i of drought treatment and powdery mildew infection). Detailed expression profiles of all 17 FvHsfs in response to all treatments are provided in Supplementary Figures S1, S2. (A) The expression profiles of the 17 FvHsfs in response to different treatments. (B) The organ/tissue distribution of 17 FvHsf genes under homeostatic conditions, with the red marks indicating the relative level of each FvHsf transcript in different organs/tissues.
FvHsfs Act as Positive Responders to Heat Stress in Strawberry
To understand how Hsf genes respond to heat stress in strawberry, we exposed Heilongjiang-3 to 42°C conditions and performed semi-quantitative RT-PCR to determine expression profiles for the FvHsf gene family (Figure 5A and Supplementary Figure S1). Based on the results of the semi-quantitative RT-PCR, we selected 15 characteristic FvHsfs using real-time quantitative RT-PCR to further test their transcript abundance during 42°C treatment (Figure 6).
Figure 6. The expression of FvHsf genes in the diploid woodland strawberry (F. vesca) in response to 42°C treatment. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to determine the expression of various FvHsfs in 42°C temperatures relative to control temperatures. The analysis results were normalized using Fv18s. The experiments were repeated three times and gave consistent results. The mean values and SDs were obtained from three biological and three technical replicates. The asterisks indicate that the corresponding gene was significantly up or down-regulated in response to treatment, as determined by the Student's t-test (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01).
As shown in Figure 6, the 15 FvHsf genes showed distinct expression patterns during 42°C treatment. Of the 15 FvHsfs, FvHsfA2a was the most strongly heat stress induced Hsf gene in strawberry, reaching its highest transcription level (~600-fold) at 0.5 hpt. FvHsfA3a, FvHsfA6a, and FvHsfB1a were also strongly induced at 0.5 hpt, maintaining elevated mRNA levels (~10- to 200-fold) throughout the entire treatment period. FvHsfA1d, FvHsfA9a, and FvHsfC1a were highly induced at the late stage (24–48 hpt) of 42°C treatment, with these transcripts up-regulated 6- to 40-fold during this time period. FvHsfA5a, FvHsfB2a, and FvHsfB2b were up-regulated in the earlier stage of treatment (0.5–2 hpt), but returned to baseline or were down-regulated after 2 hpt. FvHsfA4a, FvHsfA4b, FvHsfA7a, and FvHsfA8a were primarily down-regulated in response to treatment, but FvHsfA7a and FvHsfA8a returned to baseline at the late stage of treatment. FvHsfA1b was only slightly up-regulated at 2 and 48 hpt.
FvHsfs are Associated with Other Abiotic and Biotic Stresses in Strawberry
Although Hsfs are primarily involved in heat acclimatization, these genes have also been reported to play roles in plant adaptations to other environmental stresses, including cold (Mittal et al., 2009), salt (Hwang et al., 2014), drought (Prieto-Dapena et al., 2008; Hwang et al., 2014) and pathogen infection (Pick et al., 2012). In this study, the semi-quantitative RT-PCR indicated that most of the FvHsfs (FvHsfA1b, A2a, A3a, A4a, A5a, A6a, A8a, A9a, B1a, B2a, B2b, B4a, and C1a) showed detectable changes at the transcript level when strawberry plants were exposed to specific stress conditions (Figure 5A; Supplementary Figures S1, S2). These data suggest that these FvHsfs are involved in the response to almost all stress treatments, but examination with real-time quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the expression of each FvHsf is highly specific (Figures 7, 8).
Figure 7. The expression of Hsf genes in the diploid woodland strawberry (F. vesca) in response to 4°C, drought, salt, and Podosphaera aphanis (PM) treatments. The expression levels of several representative FvHsf genes showed unusual patterns in response to 4°C (A), drought (B), salt (C), and PM (D) treatments.
Figure 8. The expression of Hsf genes in the diploid woodland strawberry (F. vesca) in response to treatment with plant hormones. The expression levels of several representative FvHsf genes showed unusual patterns in response to ABA, SA, MeJA, and ethylene (Eth) treatments.
FvHsfA3a and FvHsfA4a were up-regulated 3- and 10-fold, respectively, during the 2–8 hpt period after 4°C treatment, whereas FvHsfA9a was up-regulated over 3-fold during the 24–48 hpt period of the same treatment (Figure 7A). FvHsfA3a was highly up-regulated 24–96 hpt after drought treatment, whereas FvHsfA4a, FvHsfB1a, and FvHsfC1a were initially up-regulated within 48 hpt and FvHsfA4a, FvHsfA5a, FvHsfA9a, FvHsfB1a, and FvHsfC1a were highly induced 96 hpt (Figure 7B). The FvHsfA4a, FvHsfA5a, FvHsfA9a, and FvHsfC1a transcripts returned to baseline or decreased when the plants were rewatered, but FvHsfB1a remained up-regulated 11-fold at this time point (Figure 7B). In addition, the FvHsfA2a transcript was up-regulated in the earlier stage of salt stress treatment before decreasing to its lowest level at 12 hpt (Figure 5A; Supplementary Figure S1). In contrast, the FvHsfA3a, FvHsfA5a, FvHsfA9a, and FvHsfB1a transcripts were primarily up-regulated at the middle or late stage of salt treatment. The level of the FvHsfC1a transcript first increased and then decreased during salt treatment (Figure 7C). After inoculation with Podosphaera aphanis, FvHsfB1a levels gradually increased during the earlier stage (24–96 hpi) and dramatically increased 120 hpi, whereas FvHsfA1b and FvHsfA3a were clearly down-regulated during the earlier stage (Figure 7D).
FvHsf Expression in Response to Hormone Treatments
Phytohormones such as abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (Eth), salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (MeJA) have well-established roles in plant stress signaling networks (Kotak et al., 2007a; Clarke et al., 2009). To assess the potential roles of FvHsfs in phytohormone-mediated signal transduction, we examined the transcriptional abundance of 17 FvHsfs during ABA, Eth (ethephon), SA, and MeJA (Methyl jasmonate) treatments. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that ABA treatment causes the rapid (0.5 hpt) up-regulation of several FvHsf genes, including FvHsfA2a, FvHsfA5a, FvHsfA6a, FvHsfB1a, and FvHsfC1a. The levels of these transcripts remained higher (4- to 125-fold) throughout the entire treatment period (Figure 8). During Eth treatment, FvHsfA3a, FvHsfA5a, and FvHsfC1a were gradually up-regulated by 7.5- to 12-fold within 8 hpt, whereas FvHsfB1a was only up-regulated at 4 and 12 hpt. Treatment with MeJA also increased FvHsfA4a, FvHsfA5a, FvHsfB1a, and FvHsfC1a levels significantly (6- to 70-fold) throughout the entire treatment period, while FvHsfB2a was only up-regulated at 2 hpt before returning to a lower (~0.5-fold) abundance. During SA treatment, the FvHsfA4a, FvHsfA6a, FvHsfB1a, and FvHsfC1a transcripts exhibited a continuous increase: the transcript levels first peaked at 4 hpt and were again up-regulated during the 24–48 hpt time period (Figure 8). It is worth noting that FvHsfA4a, FvHsfA5a, FvHsfA6a, FvHsfB1a, and FvHsfC1a were clearly involved in the response to all four of the hormone treatments (Figures 5A, 8).
F. vesca, a diploid woodland strawberry with a small and sequenced genome, is an excellent model for studying the counterparts of many important genes in the Rosaceae fruit crops (Shulaev et al., 2011; Darwish et al., 2015). An increasing amount of evidence has indicated that Hsf genes play essential roles in plant adaptations to various stress conditions (Shen et al., 2015; Xue et al., 2015). To explore Hsf functions in abiotic and biotic stress responses in the strawberry, this study identified and isolated Hsf genes in a diploid woodland strawberry in addition to analyzing the evolutionary relationships, gene structure, protein domains, subcellular localization, and expression profiles of these genes in response to abiotic or biotic stresses and hormone treatments.
The Hsf Gene Family is Conserved in Strawberry
The size of the strawberry Hsf gene family (17) is smaller than that of other plant species, such as Arabidopsis (21) (Scharf et al., 2012), rice (25) (Guo et al., 2008), apple (25) (Giorno et al., 2012), wheat (56) (Xue et al., 2014), and soybean (59) (Chung et al., 2013). The small size of the strawberry genome (Shulaev et al., 2011; Darwish et al., 2015) and lack of the large genome duplications seen in apple (Velasco et al., 2010), soybean (Schmutz et al., 2010), and wheat (Mayer et al., 2014) could explain the limited size of the FvHsf family (Figure 1A).
The comparative genomics approach structures genomes into syntenic blocks that exhibit conserved features (Ghiurcuta and Moret, 2014). This synteny analysis provided evolutionary and functional connections between genes in strawberry and Arabidopsis. Eleven strawberry Hsf genes were found to have syntenic relationships with Arabidopsis genes (Figure 1B), suggesting that most of the strawberry Hsf genes might have arisen before the divergence of the Arabidopsis and strawberry lineages. All of these FvHsf genes show close phylogenetic relationships with the corresponding AtHsf genes (Figure 1A), suggesting the potential for functional similarities. Structural characteristics such as intron-exon structures and protein domains might reflect the functional conservation or differentiation of the gene family. Fourteen of the seventeen FvHsf genes have only one phase zero intron while the others lack this intron (Figure 2), suggesting that the FvHsf gene family is conserved (de Souza et al., 1998). Besides, all 17 of the FvHsf proteins contain the necessary and/or specific protein domains (DBD, OD, NLS, NES, and AHA), which might be essential for functional conservation (Giorno et al., 2012). Fourteen of the FvHsf proteins retained the ability to localize in the nucleus, suggesting that most (14/17) of the FvHsf genes still maintain ancestral functional features (Figure 4).
FvHsf Genes Could Play Essential Roles in Strawberry Adaptation to Abiotic or Biotic Stresses
The function of plant Hsfs is to elicit the expression of genes encoding heat shock proteins (Hsps) or other stress-inducible genes (Schramm et al., 2006; Chan-Schaminet et al., 2009; Nishizawa-Yokoi et al., 2009) that are known to play a central role in protecting plants from heat or other stress conditions (Scharf et al., 2012). Recent genome-wide expression profile analyses of crop plants (rice, wheat, soybean, and apple) indicated that several Hsf genes are transcribed at high levels during heat, cold, salt, and drought stresses (Mittal et al., 2009; Giorno et al., 2012; Chung et al., 2013). In this study, 15 FvHsf genes showed distinct expression patterns during heat treatment (Figure 6), with most of these genes also were induced by other abiotic or biotic stresses and hormone stimuli (Figures 7, 8). It is notable that the subcellular localization of each FvHsf protein was different (Figure 4). All of our data suggest that the FvHsfs are involved in the response to almost all of the stress treatments, but these genes are highly specific in function.
FvHsfA2a, whose rice orthologs are OsHsfA2a/b/e, was found in the chromosomal region syntenic with AtHsfA2a (Figure 1). The characteristics of FvHsfA2a are highly consistent with the characteristics of OsHsfA2 and AtHsfA2a. For example, OsHsfA2a and AtHsfA2a have been reported as the most strongly induced Hsfs, accumulating to high levels in plants exposed to long-term heat stress (Schramm et al., 2006; Mittal et al., 2009). This finding is consistent with our results showing that FvHsfA2a was the most strongly induced of the 17 FvHsfs (~600-fold) in response to heat stress (Figure 6). In addition, AtHsfA2a was reported to play a broader role in the expression of multiple Hsps (Hsp70-5, Hsp18.1-Cl, and Hsp22-ER) (Schramm et al., 2006) and general stress-related non-chaperone encoding genes such as GOLS1 or APX2 (Nishizawa-Yokoi et al., 2009), while the FvHsfA2a transcript was clearly up-regulated in response to salt and ABA treatments (Figures 7C, 8). Lastly, while SlHsfA2a, a homolog of FvHsfA2a in tomato, reportedly localizes to the nucleus, interaction with SlHsfA1 is required for the efficient nuclear import of SlHsfA2a (Scharf et al., 1998). This finding is consistent with our results showing that FvHsfA2a-GFP fusion protein also localized to nucleus but could also be detected in the cytosol of Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts, which may result from the absence of the specific interaction factor (Figure 4).
FvHsfA3a has orthologs in apple (MdHsfA3a/b/c) and has a syntenic gene in Arabidopsis (AtHsfA3a) (Figure 1). MdHsfA3b/c are involved in maintaining the stress response when apple trees were exposed to prolonged periods of high temperature (Giorno et al., 2012). AtHsfA3a expression was regarded as part of the drought stress response (Schramm et al., 2008). SlHsfA3a, a homolog of FvHsfA3a in tomato, is a nuclear-localized Hsf that is induced by heat stress, high salinity, and drought, but not abscisic acid (Li et al., 2013). Our data are highly similar, with FvHsfA3a accumulating during heat, drought, salt, and ethephon treatments (Figures 6, 7B,C, 8) and FvHsfA3a-GFP fusion proteins clearly localized to the nucleus of protoplasts (Figure 4).
FvHsfA4a and FvHsfA5a are intriguing strawberry Hsfs. FvHsfA4a and FvHsfA5a were the earliest FvHsfs to diverge from the evolutionary branch, with similar results being found in the Hsf families of other species (Figure 1A). In addition, both FvHsfA4a and FvHsfA5a show significant localization to the cytosol of Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts (Figure 4). Notably, FvHsfA4a and FvHsfA5a were both distinctly up-regulated in response to abiotic stress (cold, drought, and salt) (Figure 7) and hormone treatments (ABA, Eth, MeJA, and SA) (Figure 8). The translocation of Hsf proteins from the cytosol to the nucleus is redox-dependent (Giesguth et al., 2015), and AtHsfA4a, an Arabidopsis ortholog of FvHsfA4a, has been shown to play a central role in the early sensing of H2O2 stress in Arabidopsis (Davletova et al., 2005). Thus, we speculate that the dramatically increased expression of FvHsfA4a and FvHsfA5a in response to a range of treatments (Figures 6–8) and the specific cellular localization of FvHsfA4a and FvHsfA5a (Figure 4) may have important implications for stress signaling.
It is notable that FvHsfA6a is an important member of the FvHsf family, with two syntenic AtHsfs in Arabidopsis: AtHsfA6b and AtHsfA7b (Figure 1B). Yoshida et al. confirmed that AtHsfA6a/b were involved in ABA-dependent signaling in response to water deficiency stress (Yoshida et al., 2010), and our data also showed that FvHsfA6a was highly expressed in response to ABA treatment (Figure 8). Recently, Xue et al. demonstrated that TaHsfA6f, a FvHsfA6a ortholog in Triticum aestivum, serves as a transcriptional activator that regulates a suite of heat stress protection genes in wheat (Xue et al., 2015). This finding is consistent with FvHsfA6a showing high expression under heat treatment and highly specific nuclear localization (Figures 4, 6).
Undoubtedly, FvHsfA9a is a unique member of the FvHsf family. While FvHsfA9a is phylogenetically close to FvHsfA2a (Figure 1A), the expression characteristics of FvHsfA9a are entirely different from FvHsfA2a, which was primarily induced at the earlier stage of treatments (Figures 6, 7C, 8). In contrast, the current data identified FvHsfA9a as a late response factor in long-term heat, drought, salt, and cold stress treatments (Figures 6, 7). The Arabidopsis and Helianthus annuus homologs of FvHsfA9a function as seed-specific sHsp (small heat shock protein) regulators (Kotak et al., 2007; Prieto-Dapena et al., 2008) and are associated with ABA-mediated stress signaling and drought resistance (Schramm et al., 2008). Similarly, FvHsfA9a showed specific nuclear localization (Figure 4) and was only induced in response to ABA (Figure S2).
It is worth noting that FvHsfB1a was induced in response to all of the stress or hormone treatments, and was both instantly induced by all stimuli and also reached a high expression level during all of the treatments (Figures 6–8). Bharti et al. provided evidence that SlHsfB1, the tomato ortholog of FvHsfB1a, represents a novel type of coactivator, cooperating with class A Hsfs or other activators that control housekeeping gene expression during stress conditions (Bharti et al., 2004). Moreover, FvHsfB1a was highly induced at the late stage of powdery mildew infection (Figure 7) and accumulated to high levels during SA and MeJA treatments (Figure 8). Similarly, AtHsfB1a, the Arabidopsis homolog of FvHsfB1a, was reported as a crucial component of salicylic acid-mediated resistance (Kumar et al., 2009; Ikeda et al., 2011; Pick et al., 2012), and subsequent evidence also demonstrated that AtHsfB1a plays a pivotal role in primed defense gene activation and the pathogen-induced acquired immune response (Pick et al., 2012). Therefore, it is reasonable to speculate that FvHsfB1a is a key player in the acquired immune response to the biotrophic fungus Podosphaera aphanis.
In addition to stress, Hsfs have also been reported to play roles in plant growth and development (Begum et al., 2013). The detailed expression profiles of individual FvHsfs in six important organs were determined in this study (Figure 5B). Notably, several FvHsfs (FvHsfA2a, A3a, A4a, A5a, A6a, A9a, B1a, and C1a) exhibited organ-specific distribution and were clearly involved in stress responses (Figure 5A), suggesting that FvHsf members could be important in protecting growing or developing strawberry plants from heat damage.
In this study, we identified 17 FvHsf genes in a diploid strawberry by employing bioinformatics and publicly available data. The evolutionary relationship and structural feature analyses have aided in identifying the potential functions of individual strawberry Hsfs by retrieving clues from the well-investigated Arabidopsis. Numerous cis-acting elements were found in the FvHsf promoter sequences, suggesting that FvHsf gene expression is controlled by a complex regulatory regime. The gene expression profiles obtained during 42°C, 4°C, drought, salt, powdery mildew infection, and phytohormone treatments suggest that several strawberry Hsf genes (including FvHsfA2a, FvHsfA3a, FvHsfA4a, FvHsfA5a, FvHsfA6a, FvHsfA9a, FvHsfB1a, and FvHsfC1a) could play important roles in adaptation to environmental stresses. In addition, the distinct subcellular localization of strawberry Hsfs suggests the potential functional divergence of several strawberry Hsfs. Taken together, the present work may provide the basis for further studies to dissect FvHsf function in response to stress stimuli.
JF conceived and designed the experiments. YH, WW, and YTH performed the experiments. YH, KZ, WW, and JF analyzed the data. YH, YL, YG, and FZ contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. YH and JF contributed to the writing of the manuscript. The authors thank Dr. Ke Duan of the Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences for generously providing wild type Fragaria vesca plants.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31201657), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (QN2013019), and the Shaanxi province science and technology research and development program (2014K02-02-02).
The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2015.00736
Supplementary Figure S1. Expression profiles of 17 FvHsf genes in response to abiotic and biotic stress treatments, as determined using semi quantitative RT-PCR.
Supplementary Figure S2. Expression profiles of 17 FvHsf genes in response to phytohormone treatments, as determined using semi quantitative RT-PCR.
Supplementary Table S1. The primers used in this study.
Supplementary Table S2. The best matches for the protein motif sequences.
Supplementary Table S3. The syntenic relationships between strawberry and Arabidopsis Hsf genes.
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Keywords: strawberry (Fragaria vesca), heat shock transcription factor, expression analysis, subcellular localization, heat stress, abiotic stress, phytohormones
Citation: Hu Y, Han Y-T, Wei W, Li Y-J, Zhang K, Gao Y-R, Zhao F-L and Feng J-Y (2015) Identification, isolation, and expression analysis of heat shock transcription factors in the diploid woodland strawberry Fragaria vesca. Front. Plant Sci. 6:736. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00736
Received: 15 June 2015; Accepted: 29 August 2015;
Published: 15 September 2015.
Edited by:Vasileios Fotopoulos, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus
Reviewed by:George A. Manganaris, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus
Elisabetta Mazzucotelli, Consiglio per la Ricerca e Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Italy
Copyright © 2015 Hu, Han, Wei, Li, Zhang, Gao, Zhao and Feng. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Jia-Yue Feng, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China, email@example.com | <urn:uuid:baafc92b-83f4-496a-ad83-4e11a5c73e67> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2015.00736/full | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00079.warc.gz | en | 0.871679 | 17,047 | 2.484375 | 2 |
How can we explain the over-exploitation and degradation of natural resources in the countries of the South? Population growth, poverty and problems associated with common property resource management have been common themes in this debate, yet insufficient attention has been paid to how traditional political relations and local perceptions affect natural resource capture and resource allocation. This is especially evident with respect to groups and communities at the political and geographical peripheries of state influence and control for whom self-identity is constructed around notions of autonomy and food self-sufficiency. This informative book addresses this omission by discussing water resource allocation and management. It focuses in particular on the socio-economic and political contexts which influence approaches to and determine practices of water management. Taking the example of the tribal communities of the Sa'dah basin in the northern Yemen, it analyzes the politics of environmental change, with particular reference to groundwater resource degradation, within the conceptual framework of "political ecology".
„Über diesen Titel“ kann sich auf eine andere Ausgabe dieses Titels beziehen. | <urn:uuid:a55d0c9f-cb9c-42ca-a0ba-5fbfd276759f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.zvab.com/9780754609087/0754609081/plp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00274-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.864527 | 219 | 2.578125 | 3 |
The statement of President Rodrigo Duterte has again gathered the attention of people. It was when he made referrence of Adolf Hitler with the Jews as him and the drug addicts.
During the synagogue, the President expressed his sincere apologies regarding the wrong manifestation of his statement. He claimed that he never did intend to disrespect the jews that were victims of the holocaust long ago.
The Israel ambassador told the press that even before, they already know how the President is, and in that manner they know that whatever he did was never intentional.
“He expressed his respect and affinity to the Jewish people and Israel, paying homage to Prime Minister Netanyahu and his desire to strengthen ties with Israel,” says the ambassador.
Philippines and Israel has long before become friends due to the similar case. Quezon has welcomed thousands of Jews in their sanctuary when they fled from Germany to escale the devastating treatment of jews by then.
Israel has given back their token of gratitude by granting the Philippines a visa free pass to their country that is highly respectable and also mor opportunities for the Filipinos residing.
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They say, “Take no half measures.” Half measures are actions that only achieve part of what they are intended to achieve and are the reason many home improvement projects, famous portraits of presidents, and great novels remain unfinished. And let’s be honest — how does your spouse feel about projects around the house gone by the wayside?
Half measures occur in the supply chain too. They lead to a patchwork of solutions that are not integrated, optimized, or fully capable of delivering the promise of smart manufacturing. This patchwork is made up of legacy business processes, sensors, and philosophies that often stand in stark opposition to one another, or at the very least lead to extensive workarounds that don’t quite feel like real solutions — doubly so when a disaster strikes.
Consider that 83 percent of enterprises are more aware of supply chain risks — such as raw material shortages, manufacturing shutdowns, or transport blockage — than they were a year ago. Nearly 80 percent have accelerated their digital supply chain strategies, while almost 50 percent are considering overhauling risk procurement and risk management strategies within the next two years.
And Nearly 42% Of Enterprises Are Using automation To Manage Risk and That Number Could Double Over The Next 2 Years
The fact is, greater automation leads to greater efficiency, fewer errors, and reduced risk. So what could possibly be better than greater automation? Try hyperautomation.
Hyperautomation uses advanced automation — such as robotic process automation (RPA), artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and the internet of things (IoT) — to take far more tasks out of human hands. It’s next-level end-to-end process automation designed to mitigate challenges in the supply chain. Hyperautomation takes advantage of the highly repetitive, routine-based, predictable tasks often found in supply chain processes to create an environment where they occur around the clock, at greater velocity, and with fewer errors. Indeed, by the mid-2030s, up to 30 percent of all jobs could be automated.
Across the supply chain, the hyperautomation of high-volume business processes can wean us off from a just-in-time model in favor of something far closer to real-time adaptation to shifts in consumer demand and external market factors. Just imagine how much better our response could have been to the Covid-19 pandemic had hyperautomation been more widely adapted.
The Upside Of Hyper-Automation
Currently, businesses lose about 6,500 hours per year processing paperwork (which takes up about 55 hours per week), adjusting purchase orders (39 hours per week), and responding to supplier inquiries (23 hours per week). Retail behemoths Amazon and Alibaba use automation in the form of machines and robots to box customer orders at their warehouses for a tidy 30 percent gain stock times.
AI and ML benefit supply chain planning by processing multiple petabytes of data. This data hyperautomation delivers deep analysis on thousands of SKUs and unmatched forecasting of inventory, supply, and demand. The net gain is more balanced supply and demand as well as faster product delivery with minimal human interaction.
Chatbots are capable of taking on as much as 80 percent of all customer engagements, further decreasing the amount of human intervention necessary for customer service. Meanwhile, in the face of a mounting shortfall of truck drivers across the United States — to the tune of 80,000 fewer available drivers this year than last — the prospect of driverless trucks unrestrained by rigid driving hours regulations offer a tremendous opportunity to double the output of U.S. transportation at 25 percent of the cost.
Hyper-Automation In Manufacturing
In terms of manufacturing, hyperautomation can take the form of advanced material-centric operations. Utilizing AI, ML, and IoT, a platform such as that offered by ThinkIQ can identify previously unseen correlations and root causes in the supply chain through internal manufacturing processes. We utilize a next-gen historian, semantic modelling, TIQQL (ThinkIQ’s query language), and our material ledger to deliver a transformative view of manufacturing data that can put organizations well on their way to hyperautomation. This path provides optics into material flow and dwell times, expressions and valuation scripts, material flow diagram (MFD), material process analyzer (MPA) frequency and scatter plots, and more.
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How to Plant Tulip Tree Clippings
With their great height and large, cup-shaped flowers, tulip trees (Liriodendron tulipifera) make a stately addition to landscaping within U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 5 to 9. Although most commonly grown from seed, tulip trees will also grow from stem clippings taken in summer. The clippings, or cuttings, must be of soft or semi-ripe growth, since older stems will not reliably produce roots. In addition, the clippings must be treated with growth-promoting hormones and grown in moist, sterile potting mixture under warm, bright conditions to perform their best.
Combine two parts milled peat and one part coarse sand in a bucket. Stir them together until the mixture takes on a fairly uniform appearance. Cover the mixture with water and let it soak until the peat plumps up slightly.
Drain the peat mixture through a wire colander. Press it to release the excess moisture. Pack the mixture into a 4-inch pot. Leave the top inch of the pot empty.
Gather a 4- to 5-inch-long cutting from the tip of a tulip tree branch in summer. Select a cutting with soft growth at the end and slightly rigid growth at the base. Sever it using a very sharp knife or a pair of pruning shears.
Remove the leaves from the lower one-third of the tulip tree cutting. Snip the remaining leaves in half to decrease moisture loss from transpiration. Use clean, sharp scissors to cut the leaves in half.
Slice away a sliver of bark from the severed end of the cutting. Remove a portion of bark measuring no more than one-quarter the diameter of the stem. Use a utility knife to remove the bark.
Treat the severed end and wounded portion of the tulip tree cutting with 0.2-percent IBA (indolebutyric acid) rooting hormone powder. Dab the powder onto the cutting using a soft paintbrush or cotton swab.
Poke a planting hole in the center of the peat mixture. Make the hole one-third the length of the cutting. Insert the severed end of the cutting into the planting hole and push the soil in against it.
Place the potted tulip tree cutting on a bright, sheltered porch or indoors near a large, partially shaded window. Find a spot with shelter from wind and extremely bright, indirect sunlight.
Set the pot on a heating coil or propagation mat set to 70 degrees Fahrenheit. Cover the cutting with a clear plastic sack to hold humidity around the foliage. Snip a 1/2-inch hole in the bag to allow for evaporation.
Maintain a constant level of light moisture in the peat mixture, but do not allow it to become soggy. Let the surface dry out slightly before adding more water. Water with a spray bottle and lightly mist the cutting's foliage each time you water.
Check for roots in four weeks, but do not be surprised if it takes up to two months. Tug gently on the base of the stem and feel if it is "stuck" to the peat. Grow the tulip tree cutting in its pot for another few weeks, then transplant it into a larger container filled with potting soil.
Place the transplanted tulip tree against a sheltered, south-facing wall or in a ventilated cold frame for its first winter. Water it whenever the top 2 inches of soil dry out. Withhold all watering during rainy weather.
Transplant the tulip tree into a sunny or partly shaded bed the following spring. Choose a spot with deep, sandy soil and at least 20 feet of clearance from structures. Mulch around the base and keep it well-watered for the first few months to promote root growth.
Samantha McMullen began writing professionally in 2001. Her nearly 20 years of experience in horticulture informs her work, which has appeared in publications such as Mother Earth News. | <urn:uuid:de708c15-94be-41c4-8ae8-c6bc9eb870f0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://homeguides.sfgate.com/plant-tulip-tree-clippings-36479.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.917345 | 911 | 3.109375 | 3 |
From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :
Prelims level : SEATO and SENTO
Mains level : Paper 2- India-Pak relations
The article explains evolution of Pakistan’s approach towards forming alliances and maintaining strategic autonomy against the backdrop of U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan.
New dynamic Pakistan has to face
- As the US withdraws its troops from Afghanistan, Pakistan is eager to build a relationship with Washington that is not tied to US stakes in Afghanistan.
- Pakistan does not want to be totally alienated from U.S. in the new geopolitical jousting between the US and China.
- How Pakistan copes with the new dynamic between the US and China as well as manages the deepening crisis in Afghanistan would be of great interest to India.
Striking the balance between autonomy and alliance
- Autonomy is about the basic impulse for enhancing the degree of one’s freedom.
- Alliances are about coping with real or perceived threats to one’s security.
- Both are natural trends in international politics.
- Joining an alliance does not mean ceding one’s sovereignty.
- Within every alliance, there is a perennial tension between seeking more commitments from the partner in return for limiting one’s own.
Explaining Pakistan’s approach to alliances
- Pakistan’s insecurities in relation to India meant it was eager for alliances.
- And as the Anglo-Americans scouted for partners in the crusade against global communism, Pakistan signed a bilateral security treaty with the US and joined the South East Asia Treaty Organisation and Central Treaty Organisation in the mid-1950s.
- Rather than target Pakistan’s alliance with a West that was intensely hostile to Beijing in the 1950s, Chinese premier Zhou Enlai saw room to exploit Pakistan’s insecurities on India.
- While Pakistan’s ties with the US went up and down, its relationship with China has seen steady expansion.
- Pakistan’s relations with the US flourished after the Soviet Union sent its troops into Afghanistan at the end of 1979.
- The US and Pakistan reconnected in 2001 as Washington sought physical access and intelligence support to sustain its intervention in Afghanistan following the attacks on September 11.
- Now the US wants Pakistan to persuade the Taliban to accept a peaceful transition to a new political order in Afghanistan.
Pakistan’s ability to adapt to shifting geopolitical trends
- Pakistan worries that its leverage in U.S. will diminish once the US turns its back on Afghanistan and towards the Indo-Pacific.
- Pakistan does not want to get in the Indo-Pacific crossfire between the US and China.
- It would also like to dent India’s growing importance in America’s Indo-Pacific strategy.
- India should not underestimate Pakistan’s agency in adapting to the shifting global currents.
- Pakistan has been good at using its great power alliances to its own benefit.
Three problems that complicates Pakistan’s strategic autonomy
- 1) Relative economic decline: Pakistan’s expected aggregate GDP at around $300 billion in 2021 is 10 times smaller than India’s.
- 2) Obsession with Kashmir: Pakistan’s enduring obsessions with separating Kashmir from India, and extending its political sway over Afghanistan; both look elusive despite massive political investments by the Pakistan army.
- Unsurprisingly, there is a recognition that Pakistan needs reorientation — from geopolitics to geoeconomics and permanent war with neighbours to peace of some sorts.
- 3) Using religion as political instrument: Turning Islam into a political instrument and empowering religious extremism seemed clever a few decades ago.
- However, today those forces have acquired a life of their own and severely constrain the capacity of the Pakistani state to build internal coherence and widen international options.
It will be unwise to rule out Pakistan’s positive reinvention; no country has a bigger stake in it than India. For now, though, Pakistan offers a cautionary tale on the dangers of squandering a nation’s strategic advantages — including a critical geopolitical location that it had inherited and the powerful partnerships that came its way. | <urn:uuid:face2d58-3e87-4687-9b2d-eaf292ab9609> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.civilsdaily.com/news/how-pakistan-plays-the-world/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.931006 | 871 | 3.140625 | 3 |
call to that body to restrict the power-grabbing companies.
The Ladies Home Journal urged its readers to write to their congressmen and they did by the thousands. Every congressman and senator was overwhelmed. As one senator said: I have never seen such an avalanche. But thanks to The Ladies Home Journal, I have received these hundreds of letters from my constituents; they have told me what they want done, and they are mostly from those of my people whose wishes I am bound to respect.
The power companies, of course, promptly sent their attorneys and lobbyists to Washington; but the public sentiment aroused was too strong to be disregarded, and on June 29, 1906, the President signed the Burton Bill restricting the use of the water of Niagara Falls.
The matter was then referred to the secretary of war, William Howard Taft, to grant the use of such volume of water as would preserve the beauty of the Falls. McFarland and Bok wanted to be sure that Secretary Taft felt the support of public opinion, for his policy was to be conservative, and tremendous pressure was being brought upon him from every side to permit a more liberal use of water. Bok turned to his readers and asked them to write to Secretary Taft and assure him of the support of the American women in his attitude of conservatism.
The flood of letters that descended upon the secretary almost taxed even his genial nature; and when Mr. McFarland, as the editorial representative of The Ladies Home Journal, arose to speak at the public hearing in | <urn:uuid:deb8bc16-2c09-4358-b309-b15b006c0651> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bartleby.com/197/pages/page354.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00272-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.985845 | 309 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Established in 1987, the New Zealand Cricket Museum is located in the historic Museum Stand at Wellington's iconic Basin Reserve. The Museum shows there's more to cricket than Tests and tea breaks, with exhibits that highlight the game's development since its early 1800s introduction to New Zealand summers.
With a focus on fans, the latest exhibits feature New Zealand ODI shirts through the years and all the weird and wonderful merchandise that goes with the game.
Highlights of the collection include one of the world's oldest bats, gear used by legends like Bert Sutcliffe, Trish McKelvey, Sir Richard Hadlee and Stephen Fleming... there's even a tiger skin. But you'll have to visit to see where that fits into cricket history!
Visiting the Museum
The New Zealand Cricket Museum is open from 10.30am to 3.30pm on weekends and on Basin Reserve match days from Labour Weekend (October) to ANZAC Weekend (April).
Entry is by donation.
During winter, contact the Museum to arrange a tour at firstname.lastname@example.org or phone +64 4 385 6602
Visit the Museum online for more details, to view the collection, and to read stories from New Zealand’s proud cricket history.
Finding the Museum in person
The New Zealand Cricket Museum is situated in the Museum Stand at Wellington’s iconic Basin Reserve. The Basin Reserve is located at the southern end of Kent and Cambridge Terraces, and the northern end of Adelaide Road.
Parking is available on many of the streets around the Basin Reserve and pedestrian access to the Basin Reserve is via the CS Dempster Gate on Buckle Street and the JR Reid Gate on Rugby Street.
The following GO Wellington buses regularly travel from Courtney Place to Adelaide Road (next to the Basin Reserve): 1, 3, 4, 22, 23, 43, 44.
New Zealand Cricket Museum
PO Box 578
Phone: (04) 385 6602 | <urn:uuid:06f057fb-9aa9-4bc6-b8ee-b3e938423456> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.blackcaps.co.nz/corporate/new-zealand-cricket-museum | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720941.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00518-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931414 | 403 | 1.585938 | 2 |
What Happened In History Year 1689
Historical Events for the Year 1689
- 22nd January » The Convention Parliament (1689) Convention Parliament convenes to determine whether James II of England James II and VII, the last Roman Catholic Church Roman Catholic monarch of England, Ireland and Scotland, had vacated the thrones when he fled to Fra
- 12th February » The Convention Parliament (1689) Convention Parliament declares that the flight to France in 1688 by James II of England James II, the last Catholic Church Roman Catholic Monarchy of the United Kingdom British monarch, constitutes an abdication.
- 13th February » William III of England called William and Mary II of England called Mary are proclaimed co-rulers of England.
- 12th March » The Williamite War in Ireland begins.
- 16th March » The 23rd Regiment of Foot or Royal Welch Fusiliers is founded.
- 11th April » William III of England William III and Mary II of England Mary II are crowned as joint sovereigns of Great Britain Britain.
- 18th April » Bostonians rise up 1689 Boston revolt named in rebellion against Sir Edmund Andros.
- 20th April » The former king, James II of England, now deposed, lays siege to Derry.
- 24th May » The Parliament of England English Parliament passes the Act of Toleration 1689 Act of Toleration protecting Protestantism Protestants. Roman Catholics are intentionally excluded.
- 27th July » Glorious Revolution: The Battle of Killiecrankie ends.
- 5th August » One thousand five hundred Iroquois attack the village of Lachine, Quebec or Lachine in New France.
- 21st August » The Battle of Dunkeld in Scotland.
- 27th August » The Treaty of Nerchinsk is signed by Tsardom of Russia or Russia and the Qing Empire (Julian calendar).
- 26th October » General Enea Silvio Piccolomini named General Piccolomini of Austria Fire of Skopje 1689 e.g burns down Skopje to prevent the spread of cholera. He died of cholera himself soon after.
Famous Birthdays in 1689
- 3rd February » Blas de Lezo, Spanish admiral (d. 1741)
- 27th February » Pietro Gnocchi, Italian composer, director, historian, and geographer (d. 1775)
- 15th May » Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, English author (d. 1762)
- 24th May » Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea, English politician, Lord President of the Council (d. 1769)
- 26th June » Edward Holyoke, American clergyman and academic (d. 1769)
- 9th July » Alexis Piron, French playwright (d. 1773)
- 19th August » Samuel Richardson, English author (d. 1761)
- 1st September » Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer, Bohemian architect, designed Ss. Cyril and Methodius Cathedral (d. 1751)
- 30th September » Jacques Aubert, French violinist and composer (d. 1753)
- 22nd October » John V of Portugal (d. 1750)
- 3rd November » Jan Josef Ignác Brentner, Czech composer (d. 1742)
- 23rd December » Joseph Bodin de Boismortier, French composer (d. 1755)
Famous Deaths in History for 1689
- 6th January » Seth Ward (bishop) called Seth Ward, English bishop, mathematician, and astronomer (b. 1617)
- 27th January » Robert Aske (merchant) or Robert Aske, English merchant (b. 1619)
- 18th March » John Dixwell, English judge (b. 1607)
- 16th April » Aphra Behn, English author and playwright (b. 1640)
- 18th April » George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys, Welsh judge and politician, Lord Chancellor or Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (b. 1648)
- 19th April » Christina, Queen of Sweden (b. 1626)
- 8th July » Edward Wooster, English-American settler (b. 1622)
- 12th August » Pope Innocent XI (b. 1611)
- 26th November » Marquard Gude, German archaeologist and scholar (b. 1635)
- 29th December » Thomas Sydenham, English physician (b. 1624)
Historical events for the year 1689 by month | <urn:uuid:5bf6f243-f2fa-4441-8085-a3b724b8d7d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.eventshistory.com/date/1689/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.965246 | 987 | 3.546875 | 4 |
Nursing Leadership, 23(Special Issue) May 2010: 51-60.doi:10.12927/cjnl.2010.21746
The Demonstration Projects: Papers
The Nursing Human Resource Planning Best Practice Toolkit: Creating a Best Practice Resource for Nursing Managers
Evidence of acute nursing shortages in urban hospitals has been surfacing since 2000. Further, new graduate nurses account for more than 50% of total nurse turnover in some hospitals and between 35% and 60% of new graduates change workplace during the first year. Critical to organizational success, first line nurse managers must have the knowledge and skills to ensure the accurate projection of nursing resource requirements and to develop proactive recruitment and retention programs that are effective, promote positive nursing socialization, and provide early exposure to the clinical setting.
The Nursing Human Resource Planning Best Practice Toolkit project supported the creation of a network of teaching and community hospitals to develop a best practice toolkit in nursing human resource planning targeted at first line nursing managers. The toolkit includes the development of a framework including the conceptual building blocks of planning tools, manager interventions, retention and recruitment and professional practice models. The development of the toolkit involved conducting a review of the literature for best practices in nursing human resource planning, using a mixed method approach to data collection including a survey and extensive interviews of managers and completing a comprehensive scan of human resource practices in the participating organizations. This paper will provide an overview of the process used to develop the toolkit, a description of the toolkit contents and a reflection on the outcomes of the project.
In 2008 the Nursing Secretariat of Ontario's Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care funded 17 demonstration projects aimed at developing and implementing best practice for nursing human resource planning. Nursing leaders at Mount Sinai Hospital, North York General Hospital, SickKids, St. Joseph's Hospital, St. Michael's Hospital, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto East General Hospital and the Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing at the University of Toronto created a partnership network and became one of the demonstration site projects. This paper describes and reflects on the development and dissemination of the Nursing Human Resource Best Practice Toolkit (NHRBPT).
Within the context of jurisdictional and national health human resources (HR) planning efforts, the NHRBPT project was designed to help organizations and first-line managers conduct effective nursing HR planning at the level of a patient care unit. The NHRBPT had three main objectives: (1) to create a partnership network that facilitated the sharing of knowledge regarding nursing HR planning practices among the hospitals, and ultimately with other jurisdictions, (2) to develop an HR best practice toolkit that focused on five identified building blocks: planning tools, manager interventions, recruitment, retention and professional practice, and (3) to develop and pilot a workshop format to disseminate the toolkit content. The partnership members' vision was to build nursing HR planning capability among nursing managers that would help attain optimal numbers of nursing staff with complementary skills, working in a healthy workplace environment to achieve the best patient outcomes (Beduz et al. 2009).
Developing a Toolkit for First-Line Nursing Managers
Health human resources are critical to meeting the health needs of Ontarians. Policy makers and healthcare managers are challenged to ensure that the right number of people, with the right skills, are available at the right time to deliver health services at an affordable cost. Nurses make up the largest group of healthcare providers in Ontario's healthcare system, and evidence of acute nursing shortages in large urban hospitals has been surfacing since 2000 (Baumann et al. 2006). While the nursing community agrees on the important aspects of nursing HR planning, there is little coordination in the application of evidence-based planning to practice (McGillis Hall et al. 2006). One reason for this has been a lack of readily available evidence-based planning tools that support organizations and nursing managers in effective planning, recruitment, integration and retention. As a result, front-line nursing managers are still challenged with effective nursing HR planning.
The NHRBPT is an attempt to bridge the gap between what we know about nursing HR planning and what we can do to improve the planning process and outcomes at the level of first-line nursing managers. Toolkits are collections of versatile, adaptable educational resources that are particularly useful for addressing complex issues. These issues change from one organization to another and require a high degree of local adaptation (Monroe 2000). When used by local champions, toolkits have been found effective in implementing selected best practice guidelines in a variety of healthcare organizations (Dobbins et al. 2005). More than a collection of information, the most useful toolkits have structured interactive content to facilitate users' learning. The decision to develop the NHRBPT resulted from senior nursing leaders recognizing a need to develop an evidence-informed, practice-ready resource for first-line nursing managers, coupled with a targeted dissemination strategy to maximize the resource's adoption.
Methodology for NHRBPT Development
The NHRBPT was conceptualized using a guiding framework developed by an expert panel of representatives from the partnership network (Appendix 1). The framework reflects the network's vision, which is achieved when best practices in each of the five building blocks (planning tools, manager interventions, recruitment, retention and professional practice) are integrated into an overall plan. The plan is founded on the principles that HR planning is population based, comprehensive and long-term, uses a systems-based collaborative approach and is informed by evidence.
The building blocks selected for inclusion in the framework were developed following a literature review of human resources management concepts. They consisted of key strategies to consider in developing a comprehensive organizational HR plan (MOHLTC 2007). The rationale for selection of the building blocks is reported elsewhere (Burkoski and Tepper 2010). A number of steps were involved in developing the NHRBPT: An extensive review of the literature, research and published practices from other jurisdictions on HR practices was launched. An organizational survey was developed, along with a nurse manager survey and key informant interviews. Tools, templates and resources were collected from each of the partner organizations and analyzed. Details of the methods are described in the published toolkit, which can be downloaded from www.mountsinai.on.ca/nursing.
NHRBPT Format and Contents
The NHRBPT attempts to link the best available research evidence with local experience in order to inform decision-making for operational-level nursing HR planning. It is organized in discrete chapters based on each of the framework's five building blocks. The first chapter describes the framework in greater detail. Each subsequent chapter, summarized below, synthesizes evidence and findings from the published literature combined with data from the partner organizations and key informant interviews. The final chapter provides important information about implementing and sustaining the HR planning strategies. The NHRBPT is designed to be practical; the reader follows a series of steps to achieve nursing HR planning. Each chapter follows a similar outline:
- Introduction and definition of the building block
- Review of the literature and a comparative analysis with findings from our data collection activities
- Common steps to achieve the chapter's goals
- A case study to facilitate interpretation and application of the content
- Sample tools and resources to help in the planning activities
NHRBPT Chapters Summarized
Planning Tools for Nursing Human Resource Needs
This chapter focuses on the process for assessing and determining nursing HR needs at the nursing unit level through use of structured tools such as nursing unit staffing projections and forecasting tools. Needs-based HR planning tools help nursing managers and other decision-makers determine workforce needs in both the short and long term. A number of tools are available to aid in decision-making processes, and they require access to appropriate data sources. Use of data such as utilization of nurses in full-time equivalents (FTEs), budgeted positions and workload measurement information is integrated with the forecasting process. An extensive case study demonstrates the utility of the data and planning tools.
Nursing Managers' Human Resource Interventions
Effective allocation of human resources is integral to the first-line nursing manager's role. The nursing manager's success in creating effective work teams and implanting flexible strategies has a positive impact on the quality of work life for staff and quality of care for patients. Planning for adequate deployment of nursing human resources is an essential skill. However, nursing managers receive little or no formal training in deployment strategies and scheduling practices. The focus of this section is on scheduling practices and tools.
Creating an integrated short- and long-term recruitment plan for a unit or organization is essential. This chapter focuses on recruitment strategies at the organizational and unit level. It identifies target groups for recruitment and explores target-specific recruitment strategies such as clinical placements, recruitment campaigns and mentorship/preceptorship programs that attract nurses to an organization.
Organizations that are better able to recruit and retain staff have better evaluations of the quality of care that is provided. For example, hospitals with turnover rates under 12% have lower risk-adjusted mortality scores and low severity-adjusted lengths of stay when compared to hospitals with turnover rates of 22% or more (Cantrell and Browne 2006). The ability to retain staff members and reduce the turnover rate is an essential characteristic of a successful long-term HR planning process. This chapter focuses on emerging trends among new graduate nurses, mid-career and late career nurses and identifies age cohort-specific retention strategies. These strategies include intergenerational strategies, rewards, recognition, innovative scheduling and flexible work hours.
Over the past two decades, the term "professional nursing practice" has become increasingly integrated and recognized within the nursing community. Professional practice, as an entity, is a system of strategic processes, including both intraprofessional and interprofessional factors that underpin the delivery of skilled, responsive nursing care and the control of a high-quality work environment. Organizational professional practice frameworks have been advocated as resources to help organizations guide the development, advancement and effectiveness of nursing performance standards, and to attract, retain and reward nurses (Robinson et al. 2003). This chapter focuses on an extensive review of the literature on best practices in professional nursing and steps for implementation at the unit and/or organizational level. Actions to develop nursing professionals, steps toward interprofessional collaboration and issues in policy-making and education are addressed.
Building Capability among Nursing Managers
We hosted an expert-facilitated workshop to disseminate the toolkit content to nurse managers. We used a unique knowledge translation strategy to build capability for HR planning among participants, using open space learning methodology. The full-day workshop was designed specifically to support first-line nurse managers in testing the applicability and usefulness of the HR planning toolkit. Each organization identified nursing managers to attend, and 52 participated. They represented all partner organizations and had a variety of managerial experience, ranging from one to 10+ years. Eighty-three percent of participants submitted an evaluation of the workshop. The majority claimed that the workshop was relevant to their work (95%), that it enabled them to achieve the stated objectives (79%) and that it would alter their practice (76%). Key areas identified for practice change related to the use of forecasting tools, scheduling and retention strategies. In total, 96% of respondents said that the workshop met their expectations. Many commented on the networking opportunities the workshop offered. One participant suggested that "it was an excellent session as it gave the opportunity to engage with other managers across the GTA."
Potential barriers to implementing new nursing HR best practices identified by workshop respondents included:
- Budget constraints and concerns about buy-in from other leaders within their organizations;
- Challenges with time management to implement professional practice recommendations, especially for those managers with large spans of control;
- Negotiating creative nursing HR planning;
- The need for strong nursing leadership structure and involvement; and
- Competing priorities within teams and organizations.
Creating the partnership network and the subsequent NHRBPT project arose from a recognized immediate need for evidence-informed planning tools that support organizations and nursing managers in effective HR planning, recruitment, integration and retention of nurses. Beyond this project, organizations must continue to provide other forms of support, guidance and training to their nursing managers for creating a successful health HR plan. Feedback from the workshop indicates that nursing managers are most attuned to the subjects of retention, nursing manager interventions and HR planning. Workshop participants specifically highlighted the importance of strong leadership (at a variety of levels) and higher-level buy-in to implement new nursing HR best practices. Nursing managers may need to consider how they will approach the implementation of these best practices, and whom they will address to achieve this buy-in.
NHRBPT Project Recommendations
Individual organizations in the partnership network have gained considerable expertise in HR planning. All partner organizations have benefited from the comprehensive review of nursing HR planning practices. From the process used to develop the toolkit contents – including the literature review, nursing manager and organizational surveys and interviews, and feedback from the workshop – the expert panel developed a set of recommendations. These recommendations, described below, should inform future action in nursing HR decision-making and planning.
Funding for future initiatives should be aimed at supporting the uptake and implementation of initiatives identified in the evidence and NHRBPT to advance the capacity of nursing HR planning at the organization and unit level.
Professional Development and Support for Nursing Managers
Role expectations, educational preparation and opportunities for professional development for first-line managers vary among organizations. Evidence suggests that there are specific leadership and management competencies for first-line nursing managers that are tied to outcomes for nurses, patients and organizations. Future initiatives should be aimed at defining core competencies and providing formal mechanisms to assist nursing managers in achieving them. Organizations should ensure that adequate training is provided to first-line nursing managers to ensure they are developing skills in effective HR management, including planning and forecasting; and recruitment, including interviewing, bias-free hiring, and use of different types of recruitment and retention strategies. In our interviews with experts, all nursing managers stated that in learning about staffing and scheduling, most had relied on their colleagues for support or taught themselves. Formal mechanisms for learning staffing and scheduling techniques would have been very helpful to them as new nursing managers.
Internal and External Networking
Organizations should provide structures for internal and external networking for first-line managers. First-line managers identify peer mentoring and access to, and support from, their direct supervisor as the most common mechanisms for attaining competency in nursing HR planning and other leadership and management skills. Organizations should consider developing formal mentorship and support programs for first-line managers.
Consolidating Human Resource Information in Regular Reports
Organizations should provide nursing managers with consolidated and consistent reports of HR information in order to assist them to effectively manage and plan for nursing human resources. Currently, information tends to come from disparate sources and information systems at different time intervals. Strategies that seek to consolidate information in regular reports would improve the planning and evaluation cycle of nursing HR management. Integrated reports should include data on:
- Budgeted FTEs and utilization in FTEs for full-time, part-time, casual and agency staff;
- Utilization in FTEs for sick time, overtime, education, orientation and benefit hours such as vacation; and
- Retirement trends in past years and future projections based on age of staff.
Reviewing Scheduling and Staffing Procedures
Nursing managers should be provided with guidance in the understanding, analysis and utilization of reports on HR planning and encouraged to review their planning regularly. Regular reviews of staffing and scheduling procedures are recommended (minimum yearly) in order to be responsive to recruitment and retention issues. In addition, triggers such as staff complaints, increased sick time or overtime may warrant a review and further action.
Understanding the Link between Recruitment and Retention
Creating healthy workplace environments and providing adequate training opportunities for new nurses, as well as supporting professional development, are important steps in both the recruitment and retention process.
The NHRBPT is based on the results of the review of hospitals' and nursing managers' practices and an extensive review of the literature. The coordinated approach for the collection and interpretation of data was conducted so that the information can be widely adopted by other healthcare organizations to support nursing HR planning. Using this approach makes the toolkit relevant and accessible to specific sectors (the development of tools was at the grassroots level) and fosters collaboration between organizations and mangers within the network. In this sense, the project served as a vehicle for ongoing sector and Local Health Integration Network engagement and collaboration. It promotes sector- and system-wide solutions, and it encompasses and aggregates knowledge across the nursing profession. The NHRBPT also addresses a significant gap in the current nursing health HR landscape. It provides a comprehensive, evidence-informed resource for first-line nursing managers in nursing HR planning. It is an integrated approach to dissemination through the provision of practice-ready tools, case studies and implementation strategies for an immediate knowledge-to-action process.
Download the toolkit Building Capacity in Nursing Human Resource Planning – a Best Practice Resource for Nursing Managers at www.mountsinai.on.ca/nursing.
Appendix A. Building capacity in nursing human resource planning: best practice resource for nursing managers – a framework
About the Author
Leslie Vincent, RN, MScA, Senior Vice President Patient Services and Chief Nursing Executive, Mount Sinai Hospital
Mary Agnes Beduz, RN, MN, Director of Nursing Education and Development, Mount Sinai Hospital
Correspondence may be directed to: Leslie Vincent at firstname.lastname@example.org.
We wish to acknowledge the contributions and expertise of the expert panel who guided this project: Alison Gilmour, Mount Sinai Hospital; Faith Boutcher and Mohini Pershad, North York General Hospital; Pam Hubley and Margaret Keatings, SickKids; Mary Kapetanos and Sandra Lenarduzzi, St. Joseph's Health Centre; Martine Andrews, Joyce Fenuta, Kaiyan Fu and Norine Meleca, St. Michael's Hospital; Betsy Jackson and Beverly Wait, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre; Kimberly Graham, Toronto East General Hospital; and Linda McGillis Hall, Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing.
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Monroe, M. 2000. "The Value of a Toolkit." Journal of Extension 38(6): Retrieved March 12, 2010. <http://www.joe.org/joe/2000december/tt5.php>.
Robinson K., C. Eck., B. Keck and N. Wells (2003). The Vanderbilt Professional Nursing Practice Program. JONA 33 (9), 441-450.
Be the first to comment on this!Please Sign In or Create an Account to add comments | <urn:uuid:a0da9599-3526-43c5-bf3a-4cc8e4c12f07> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.longwoods.com/content/21746/print | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00568-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92711 | 4,374 | 2.09375 | 2 |
The Chichu Art Museum (地中美術館, Chichū Bijutsukan) is a unique contemporary art museum built into a hillside overlooking the southern coast of Naoshima. The museum building, designed by Ando Tadao and itself a work of art, is mostly located underground and solely utilizes natural light to illuminate the artwork. This creates a viewing experience that is heavily influenced by the surrounding natural environment.
The museum has been built around a rather small collection of art. The first gallery displays large murals from Claude Monet's "Water Lilies" series. This is followed by a few works by James Turrell, who uses light as a medium. They include the "Open Sky" room from his "Skyspaces" series which has sister exhibits around the world including the 21st Century Museum in Kanazawa. Finally, the deepest part of the Chichu Museum houses the "Time/Timeless/No Time" installation by Walter De Maria.
Admission to the Chichu Art Museum requires advance reservations for a specific date and time slot and can be made online in English. Bags and cameras are not allowed in the museum and must be stowed in coin lockers before entering.
There are one to three buses per hour from Miyanoura Ferry Terminal via Honmura to the Tsutsujiso bus stop at the east gate of the Benesse House (10 minutes, 100 yen), from where it is possible to walk (30 minutes) or take a free shuttle bus to the Chichu Art Museum (10 minutes). Alternatively, the museum is about a two kilometer bicycle ride (10 minutes) or walk (30-40 minutes) from the Miyanoura ferry terminal.
From the Chichu Art Museum it is just a few minutes on the free shuttle bus to either the Lee Ufan Museum or the Benesse House. It is also possible to walk between the museums (5 and 15 minutes respectively). | <urn:uuid:367fd1dd-5bd8-490d-8882-59259ad2daa4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e5477.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.940206 | 411 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Cash Register and Indicator
A cash register or till is a mechanical or electronic device for calculating and recording sales transactions, and an attached cash drawer for storing cash. The cash register also usually prints a receipt for the customer. In most cases the drawer can be opened only after a sale, except when using a special key, which only senior employees and the owner have. This reduces the risk of employees stealing from the shop owner by not recording a sale and pocketing the money when a customer does not need a receipt but has to be given change. In fact, cash registers were first invented for the purpose of eliminating employee theft. | <urn:uuid:aff3aae6-7524-4381-b52b-e378c1e0882a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/76300/76383/76383_register.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00395-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951098 | 126 | 3.03125 | 3 |
The purpose of the Pequannock Township Historical Society is to preserve, interpret, and promote the history and diverse heritage of Pequannock Township and neighboring communities, including, but not limited to:
- Preserving and maintaining historic buildings, sites, and collections.
- Creating and presenting programs, exhibitions, publications, and other activities for the public that celebrate and interpret the history and heritage of Pequannock Township and neighboring communities.
- Acquiring financial resources to support the operation of the Society
The Martin Berry House is the future home of the Pequannock Township Historical Society. Named after its original owner, the Martin Berry House is a historic, pre-revolutionary home built circa 1720. Located on a wooded lot on Route 23 South in Pompton Plains, the house is well-preserved and is the only pre-revolutionary building substantially unaltered in Pequannock Township. | <urn:uuid:f89319d3-4eb4-4a85-9ff9-1f39a95bfaf3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://martinberryhouse.org | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.923911 | 188 | 1.828125 | 2 |
What are you thinking? When your on the line before a race, are you being positive or negative?, you can't be both. I like to focus on my technique, my lines, the feeling of going fast on the track, making sure I perform to my God given abilities all the way to the checkers! It varies but I've learned how to win every time by doing my best and racing smart. I may not always win on paper but as long as I ride like I know I'm capable of, whether I feel good or not, I win.. Give yourself the opportunity to RACE your best!!
Landing off jumps with a straight away after.. To keep the momentum going, you want to land with the rear wheel first to get the power down and make the landing smooth. #7 (John Dowd) is demonstrating this and I've already landed and am looking toward the end of the straight. Even with a landing ramp, you can land on the same angle of the jump (front tire will be lower than rear) but use the same concept with your rear hitting the ground just before the front so you can power down the straight. A double jump or jump with a corner shortly after you can land front wheel slightly first so you can brake and point the bike where you want to go.
Notice how far my bike is leaned over approaching this corner. I'm using speed and a good line/angle which allows me to use centrifugal force, so I can be as smooth and fast as possible. A beginner approaches slow and upright and cannot use the natural force I just described. Tip- speed, line, commit. | <urn:uuid:ee97707f-ace9-4962-9a3a-b1f4c5f498a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.teamkalos.com/riding-tips/previous/2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.9528 | 353 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Book Name: Makeen e Dil
Writer: Syed Mehmood Ul Hassan Shah Khaki
The book Makeen e Dil Pdf is about the life and Seerat of the Holy Prophet SAW. Syed Mehmood Ul Hassan Shah Khaki is the author of the book. He is a famous Sufi scholar and a spiritual teacher. He is preaching Islam through his teachings and character. The writer is famous with the title of Peer Mastwaar Qalandar.
In this book, he describes the respect of the Prophet of Islam through the Holy Quran and Hadith. He quoted some reliable historian in favour of his viewpoint. I hope you like to read the book Makeen e Dil Pdf. | <urn:uuid:fc64dc7b-af2a-4b54-bde8-6926fc3646cc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://readingpk.com/makeen-e-dil/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.969207 | 148 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Multistakeholder partnerships in addressing society’s grand challenges often lead to ‘power asymmetries’ that stifle lasting progress, says a new study co-authored by Professor Shahzad (Shaz) Ansari of Cambridge Judge Business School.
Partnerships among diverse groups and individuals are often seen as a key part of tackling some of society’s ‘wicked problems’ such as climate change, poverty and health, owing to the enormity of these grand challenges facing humankind.
Yet a new study co-authored by Professor Shaz Ansari of Cambridge Judge Business School cautions that such partnerships will not cure all such problems owing to power asymmetries that cause tension and prevent progress – so the paper highlights four indicators to show when power dynamics are impeding partnerships’ efficacy in addressing these huge societal problems.
Celebrating changes with no lasting impact
Neglecting power my lead to celebratory accounts of ‘successful’ change arising from these partnerships even when there is no lasting impact. If weaker parties are not included or coerced into agreeing to a solution, then the partnership should not be celebrated as a success. The root causes of the wicked problem may remain unaddressed, and the most marginalised actors are left worse off.
“Despite the well-meaning intentions of organisers and partners, collaborative partnerships often devolve into contentious negotiations and frequently fall short in addressing the problems they seek to ameliorate,” says the study published in the journal Organization Theory, which notes that most previous research focused on the complexity of wicked problems rather than power relations in addressing them.
The study acknowledges that partnerships can be beneficial in tackling these challenges, but focuses on how to improve “shortfalls” in many partnerships by ironing out the power dynamics.
“Many partnerships have focused on (readily observable and measurable) outputs rather than lasting impact, and we think that ironing out the power imbalance can shift the focus away from superficial change toward even greater progress in addressing society’s grand challenges,” says Shaz Ansari, Professor of Strategy & Innovation at Cambridge Judge.
Power differences at the negotiating table
The paper identifies four areas where there are power differences between actors in multistakeholder partnerships (MSPs) – collaboration, consciousness-raising, contention, and compliance – with the latter two representing substantial differences that call for steps by low-power stakeholders to yield more influence and produce better outcomes.
“Failure to account for power differences when planning and analysing MSPs may leave lower power partners conceding to demands to which they would not otherwise agree,” says the study. “To effect change, low-power stakeholders need to mobilise others and use social movement strategies to gain a seat at the negotiating table.”
The four indicators of disruptive power dynamics
The study describes four indicators of disruptive power dynamics:
- The views of critical stakeholders are excluded from deliberations among the partnership.
- Powerful entities are ‘exempted’ from compliance with agreements already reached on how to proceed in addressing grand challenges.
- Practices that govern discussions within the partnership restrict the participation of less powerful partners and thus reinforce the power inequality.
- The cost of implementing agreements are borne disproportionately by low-power stakeholders.
“Attending to these power differences can reveal why many MSPs for addressing grand challenges end up creating only superficial rather than substantive change in a field,” says the study. “Solutions that impose new or excessive burdens on low-power parties are unlikely to yield long-term progress on grand challenges because they render these problems more likely to re-emerge in the future.”
Concluding, the study says: “Society continues to face a plethora of grand challenges formed from intractable social and environmental problems, ranging from inequality to climate change, where collaboration is perhaps the only way forward. Attending to the dynamics of power in fields in which MSPs are attempted is a promising pathway to achieve more sustainable and just resolutions.”
The study – entitled “Confronting Power Asymmetries in Partnerships to Address Grand Challenges” – is co-authored by Barbara Gray of Pennsylvania State University, Jill Purdy of the University of Washington, Tacoma, and Shaz Ansari of Cambridge Judge Business School. | <urn:uuid:7b4c56b2-4790-44af-847b-51156ce4ea5c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jbs.cam.ac.uk/insight/2022/partnerships-are-not-perfect-solutions-for-tackling-problems-such-as-climate-change-poverty-or-health/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.93813 | 895 | 2.046875 | 2 |
The highest seas of the year in the Pacific are combining with a faster than normal wave arrivals to inflict some damage on the coastline and also cause flooding of low areas, said the Universidad de Costa Rica.
The Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología said the periodicity of the waves would be shorter, that is the distance from crest to crest. In addition, the influence of the moon, which is at one of its closest approaches to earth, is causing the high seas.
Flooding is predicted for Barrio el Carmen and Cocal de Puntarenas and El Cocal de Quepos. Some shore damage is possible in Caldera, Palo Seco, Plaza Azul-Tárcoles and Pavones-Golfito, said the Centro.
The conditions are considered dangerous for small boats and bathers, the Centro said. These conditions will endure through Sunday, it said in a bulletin.
In the Caribbean the water is expected to be swept by high winds due to a low pressure system. The Centro said that this is a dangerous condition, too, mainly for boats under seven meters and bathers. | <urn:uuid:7e1bfd3d-ab8d-4182-9259-d9f1e3209757> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://amcostaricaarchives.com/2013/07/high-seas-and-fast-waves-predicted-for-pacific/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00065-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920569 | 246 | 2.9375 | 3 |
As you’re teaching a class, especially for the first time, you will run into things you want to revise for the next offering. There are many ways to keep track of these notes and you should select the method that best works for you. Here’s an idea for keeping these notes right inside the Blackboard course you are currently using.
Inside of your Blackboard course, create a new Content Area in your sidebar menu called Notes or something meaningful.
Keep the item hidden from students.
Which looks like this:
Create an item where you can keep notes under Build Content.
As you come across assignments that aren’t working as expected, quiz questions that need to be rewritten, concepts that might need more coverage or anything you want to revise for the next offering add instructions to yourself in your notes.
The next time you offer the course, you are mostly likely to copy this previous content into your new course shell for the upcoming semester. Voilå, your notes are easy to find, right where you need them!
- Create Content Area as a sidebar menu
- Do not make it available to students
- Add a new item to new Content Area
- Add notes as needed | <urn:uuid:6f98215c-ea40-484a-98d5-4fc2d4cf6e9b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://iteachu.uaf.edu/keep-track-of-revision-notes-inside-of-blackboard/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.941485 | 250 | 2.03125 | 2 |
INTESTACY: DYING WITHOUT A WILL
Q: What happens when someone dies without leaving a Will?
A: A person dies intestate when he/she does not leave a Will or leaves a Will that is later found to be invalid. The rules of Intestacy in Trinidad and Tobago are governed by the Administration of Estates Act, Sections 23 – 31 and The Distribution of Estates Act, 2000.
The estate (all possessions of the deceased) is divided according to the rules of Intestacy. Only married or civil partners and some other close relatives can inherit under the rules of intestacy.
Parents, brothers and sisters and nieces and nephews of the intestate person may inherit under the rules of intestacy, but this depends on a number of circumstances:
•whether there is a surviving married or civil partner
•whether there are children, grandchildren or great grandchildren.
•in the case of nephews and nieces, whether the parent directly related to the person who has died is also dead
•the amount of the estate
Other relatives may a right to inherit if the person who died intestate had no surviving married partner or civil partner, children, grandchildren, great grand-children, parents, brothers, sisters, nephews or nieces. The order of priority amongst other relatives is as follows:-
•uncles and aunts
The following people have no right to inherit where someone dies without leaving a will:
•lesbian or gay partners not in a civil partnership
•relations by marriage
23. An estate or interest to which a deceased person was entitled on his death in respect of which he dies intestate shall, after all payment of debts, duties, and expenses be distributed or held on trust amongst the same persons being kin or next of kin in accordance with sections 24, 25, 26 and 26A.
Married or civil partner
A married/civil partner may inherit under the rules of intestacy only if they are actually married or in a civil partnership at the time of death. So if you are divorced or if your civil partnership has been legally ended, you cannot inherit under the rules of intestacy. However, partners who separated informally can still inherit under the rules of intestacy.
24. (1) Where an intestate dies leaving a surviving spouse but no issue, his estate shall be distributed to or held on trust for the surviving spouse absolutely.
(2) Where an intestate dies leaving issue, but no spouse, his estate shall be distributed per stirpes among the issue. (each branch of the family must receive an EQUAL share of an estate)
(3) Where an intestate dies leaving a spouse and one child, the surviving spouse shall take one-half of the estate absolutely and the other half shall be distributed to or held on trust for the child.
(4) Where the intestate dies leaving a spouse and more than one child, the surviving spouse shall take one-half the estate absolutely and the remaining one-half shall be distributed to or held on trust for the children.
25. (1) Notwithstanding section 24, where an intestate dies leaving no surviving spouse, but dies leaving a surviving cohabitant, the cohabitant shall be treated for the purposes of this Act as if he or she were a surviving spouse of the intestate.
Separated from Legal Wife with a Co-habitant
(2) Notwithstanding section 24, where an intestate dies leaving a spouse and a cohabitant and the intestate and his spouse were at the time of his death living separate and apart from one another, only such part of the estate as was acquired during the period of cohabitation shall be distributed to the cohabitant, subject to the rights of a surviving spouse and any issue of the intestate.
(3) A surviving cohabitant claiming a share of the estate of an intestate under this section shall, within twenty-eight days of the death of the intestate, file with the Registrar of the Supreme Court a notification of interest as the surviving cohabitant and, within three months thereafter or such other time as the Court considers appropriate having regard to all the circumstances, obtain an order from the Court affirming the cohabitational relationship with the intestate and stating the quantum of the share of the estate to which the cohabitant is entitled.
(4) The Rules Committee shall make Rules for matters arising under this section.
If no one else; Parents.
26. Where an intestate leaves no spouse, no cohabitant or no issue, the estate goes to the parents of the intestate in equal shares or the survivor of them.
26A. Where the intestate leaves no spouse, no issue, no cohabitant and no parent, then his estate shall be distributed to or held on trust for his next of kin living at the time of his death in the following order and manner:
(a) to the brothers and sisters of the whole blood in equal shares;
(b) where there are no brothers or sisters of the whole blood, to the brothers and sisters of the half blood in equal shares;
(c) where there are no brothers and sisters of the whole or half blood to the grandparents of the intestate in equal shares;
(d) where there are no grandparents to the issue of the brothers and sisters of the whole blood;
(e) where there is no issue of the brothers and sisters of the whole blood to the issue of the brothers and sisters of the half blood; and
(f) where there is no issue of the brothers and sisters of the half blood to the uncles and aunts of the intestate, being brothers and sisters of the whole blood and then of the half blood of a parent of the intestate.
26B. Descendants and relatives of the intestate, conceived before his death but born afterwards, inherit as if they had been born in his lifetime and had survived him.
If all else fails
26C. In default of any person taking an absolute interest under the foregoing provisions, the estate of the intestate belongs to the State as bona vacantia. (Goods with no owner)
The State will then follow the procedures set out on Sections 27 – 31.
Extracted From: Trinidad & Tobago Legal Rights.blogspot | <urn:uuid:8f4a2dff-5fa2-41e9-b2a3-77dbcd699219> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://martingeorge.net/v2/index.php/2015/05/29/intestacy-dying-without-a-will/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.952512 | 1,344 | 2.25 | 2 |
It may sound strange to you, but crooked teeth are considered cute in Japan. In most Western countries crooked teeth are considered unattractive and people have them fixed wearing braces, which is usually a painful and expensive treatment. In Japan, on the other hand, women go to dental clinics to have artificial canines glued to their own teeth so they get an imperfect smile found childlike and endearing by most Japanese men. The procedure called “yaeba” has become extremely popular in last few years, thanks to pop singer Tomomi Itano who has a pair of fake canines.
According to a recent research American spent $100 billion on smile-fixing dental procedures. Imagine how much money would people in America save if “Crooked teeth” were considered cute in USA. | <urn:uuid:c286157e-bb05-42cc-bb8c-a8686890522e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.tydknow.com/crooked-teeth-are-considered-cute-in-japan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00380-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977166 | 161 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Everyone loves a good mystery. There’s no denying that being able to come up with our own theories and assumptions about what, why, or how something strange happened makes life a little more interesting. While many mysteries have been passed along from generation to generation, occasionally we come face to face with the obscure, odd and unsolvable.
In this video, you’ll learn of 10 mysteries in which the truth remains only in the eye of the beholder. These 10 photos from throughout history have been proven to be authentic and unchanged, but yet they still cannot be explained.
Get ready, because these awesome photos are sure to give you goosebumps and leave you wanting more!
2,876 total views | <urn:uuid:4928f543-e29d-4161-9afa-86b83501aad0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.funniesrus.com/tag/creepy-mystery-videos/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.945863 | 159 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Qi is said to flow through meridians, or pathways, in the human body.
Acupuncture attempts to bring the energy flow back into proper balance.
Acupuncture is part of traditional Chinese medicine and consists of inserting fine needles into specific acupuncture points through the skin.
Performed by a skilled practitioner, acupuncture is a safe and effective treatment for a range of disorders and complaints.
It may assist in relieving and treating a wide range of conditions, particularly those which involve pain.
Your treatment is performed by Dr. Francis Ling, who is a medical GP with over 30 years of experience as a qualified acupuncturist.
- Minor pain
- Chronic pain
- Neck pain
- Lower back pain
- Knee pain
- Tenis Elbow
- Headaches & migraine
- Osteoarthritis pain | <urn:uuid:4289079c-6fe6-4a03-be8c-379a80f85734> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://greenacressurgery.com/acupuncture/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.942049 | 186 | 2.1875 | 2 |
The National Science Foundation (NSF), under the Harnessing the Data Revolution (HDR) program, is providing funding to establish the Accelerated AI Algorithms for Data-Driven Discovery (A3D3) Institute, a multi-disciplinary and geographically distributed entity with the primary mission to lead a paradigm shift in the application of real-time artificial intelligence (AI) at scale to advance scientific knowledge and accelerate discovery. The Institute team reflects a collaborative effort of Principal Investigators from Caltech, Duke University, MIT, Purdue University, UC San Diego, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Minnesota, University of Washington, and University of Wisconsin-Madison.
As scientific data sets become progressively larger, algorithms to process this data quickly become more complex. In response, AI has emerged as a solution to efficiently analyze these massive data sets. Emerging processor technologies, such as graphics processing units (GPUs) and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), allow AI algorithms to be greatly accelerated. The combination of AI and these processors is leading to a revolution in the way we analyze data, minimizing the time needed to perform the most advanced of analyses, and allowing us to address the challenges brought about by the omnipresent onslaught of data. To harness these new developments and leverage them for the advancement of science, the newly-created $15 million NSF HDR Institute of Accelerated AI Algorithms for Data-Driven Discovery (A3D3) aims to incorporate AI algorithms with new processors such that they can analyze the unprecedented data sets we face.
To take full advantage of fast AI, A3D3 targets fundamental problems in three fields of science: high energy physics, multi-messenger astrophysics, and systems neuroscience. A3D3 works closely within these domains to develop customized AI solutions to process large datasets in real-time, significantly enhancing their discovery potential. The ultimate goal of A3D3 is to construct the institutional knowledge essential for real-time applications of AI in any scientific field. A3D3 will empower scientists with new tools to deal with the coming data deluge through dedicated outreach efforts. | <urn:uuid:5078192e-f64c-4bba-be6c-0076161c8a87> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://a3d3.ai/about.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.904391 | 436 | 2.421875 | 2 |
The second-generation of gravitational-wave detectors are just starting operation, and have already yielding their first detections. Research is now concentrated on how to maximize the scientific potential of gravitational-wave astronomy. To support this effort, we present here design targets for a new generation of detectors, which will be capable of observing compact binary sources with high signal-to-noise ratio throughout the Universe.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) | <urn:uuid:aa1994c3-fd7b-40eb-be98-8a5ded658274> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/exploring-the-sensitivity-of-next-generation-gravitational-wave-d | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.901228 | 101 | 2.21875 | 2 |
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The aim of this study was to assess the clinical significance and prognosis of a prolonged isolated elevation of serum aminotransferases without cholestasis (>3 months) in infants and young children, investigated for a variety of conditions, and to determine a protocol for their follow‐up and investigation.
A combined prospective‐retrospective analysis of apparently healthy babies and young children with isolated elevation of serum aminotransferases of at least 1.5 times above the norm for age which persisted for at least 3 months and whose creatine phosphokinase (CK), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels remained normal throughout the study duration. The children underwent the following investigations: abdominal ultrasound and infectious, metabolic and/or immunological investigation depending on the duration of the abnormality.
Six children were eliminated following the finding of positive cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen in the urine. 72 children were investigated (47 males and 25 females). The duration of serum aminotransferases elevation was 3–36 months (average 12.4, median 11.5 months). The initial, maximal and final alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values were 85.5, 140.5 and 39.8 IU/l, respectively. Of seven children who had liver biopsies performed, three (42.8%) were suspected of having a glycogen storage disease which was not confirmed enzymatically. Four biopsies revealed non‐specific histological changes.
Isolated elevation of serum aminotransferases in healthy looking young children is mostly a benign condition that usually resolves within a year. If no pathology is found during routine investigation, these children can be followed conservatively. Liver biopsy does not contribute much to the diagnosis and is probably unnecessary. | <urn:uuid:cd4f423a-c3ee-4df1-863f-0d78327b871c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC2066067/?report=abstract | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00206-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946068 | 397 | 1.601563 | 2 |
The full History of the English Castle provides fascinating facts and information leading up to the construction of the English Medieval Castle which can be accessed from the above links.
Understanding the History of the word 'castle'
The word 'castle' is derived from the Latin words castellum, meaning fortress, and castrum meaning a fortified place. The castle can be defined as the following:
What is a Castle?
"A safe retreat against intrusion or invasion"
Another definition is:
"A large fortified building or set of buildings"
The history of the English Castle therefore can date back to the time when people started to live in settled communities - the Stone Age!
The History of the English Castle becomes clearer!
When looking at the History of the English Castle we need to look for people who worked together to create, or build, a safe retreat against intrusion or invasion! This would apply to people living in England during the Neolithic Period, the Stone Age then on to the people of the Bronze Age, the Iron Age, the Romans and finally on to the Medieval era. By the time we reach the history of the Renaissance period the castle was used as a symbol of wealth and power rather than a necessary safe haven against intrusion and invasion! At this point in time and history the castle was replaced with the 'Palace', a large or splendid residence.
The History of the English Castle - The Stone Age ( 3000 - 1800 BC )
We travel back in the History of the English Castle to discover the Causewayed Camps and Stonehenge.
The History of the English Castle - The Bronze Age ( 1800 - 600 BC )
We look to Bronze Age period of history to discover the Hillforts of England, the biggest being Maiden Castle
The History of the English Castle - The Iron Age and the Romans ( 600 BC - 400 AD )
The Hillforts were developed even further during the history of the Iron Age and then the Romans invaded England and produced defensive structures such as the massive Hadrian's Wall and the Roman Forts
The History of the English Castle
The Dark Ages, also know as Anglo-Saxon England ( 400 AD - 1066 AD )
The Fall of the Roman Empire led to a time in the history of England when the Celts of England were invaded by the Scots, the Welsh, the Saxons and the Vikings. A new National Defence system was established by Alfred the Great by the formation of fortified towns called 'Burhs' (later changed to Burghs then Boroughs) The Dark Ages - Alfred the Great - the Burhs. | <urn:uuid:dbe363bc-d122-4fee-a933-c6e99698efea> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ancientfortresses.org/history-english-castle.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00364-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938699 | 526 | 3.78125 | 4 |
Do more than think like God. Be like God. Feel like God. The Source. The Divine.
What do I mean?
When we expand our inner worlds beyond just our minds, we tap into the miraculous nature of life.
Our minds are tools of invention. Our minds are magnificent grounds of keepers of the past, directors of the now and pioneers of the future. Yet, with all potentiality of the mind’s capacity, it is still only a limited tool of power because the real generator of power is the “who” of the who we are is beyond the mind.
The miraculous nature of life constantly lives in a state of renewal. The very basic premise of life and nature is always an attempt to renew, repair, expand, evolve and thrive with life. | <urn:uuid:336b3924-8419-4ed9-bce5-1bcf6ab3687a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://anneribley.com/tag/pioneers-of-the-future/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.937075 | 163 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Obtainable vaccines against spp. attenuated vaccines (S19 and RB51, respectively). General these results suggest that U-Omp16 or U-Omp19 will be a useful applicant for the subunit vaccine against human being and animal buy AS-605240 brucellosis. Brucellae are facultative intracellular bacteria that buy AS-605240 infect animals, therefore provoking abortion and infertility and leading to important economic deficits. The main pathogenic varieties for domestic animals are the following: varieties in terrestrial mammals, with and as the exceptions. Human brucellosis has also been attributed to some marine mammal strains recently (27). Control and eradication of brucellosis in home animals possess important general public health and economic implications. Test-and-slaughter programs in conjunction with vaccination are the most important methods buy AS-605240 of control of animal brucellosis. Thus, prevention of human being brucellosis depends mainly within the control of the disease in animals (19). Currently, S19 or buy AS-605240 RB51 is used to immunize cattle, whereas the Rev 1 strain is used to immunize goats and sheep. No additional vaccines are licensed for other animals, and a human being brucellosis vaccine does not exist (33). In general, the use of live attenuated organisms as vaccines, though a tried and true approach, possesses some problems in terms of security during vaccine production (e.g., the potential of the organism to revert to its unique virulent condition as well as the shedding from the organism in to the environment using a risk to immunocompromised recipients) (10, 22). Actually, attenuated vaccines possess many cons (26, 33). For these good reasons, different strategies are getting sought offering secure, nonreplicating vaccines that are easy to replicate for quality guarantee (10, 22). Within this context, inside our lab we’ve been working on the introduction of a subunit vaccine against protein. In the search of book vaccine targets, we’ve centered on the external membrane proteins (OMPs) of types and almost all their biovars (18). Furthermore, it’s been showed that monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against Omp16 or Omp19 can defend mice against difficult (9). We cloned Omp16 or Omp19, portrayed them in (18). As a result, vaccines based on recombinant Omp16 and Omp19 lipoproteins could most likely elicit a mobile immune response and offer the host security against infection. This hypothesis is tested by us in today’s work. METHODS and MATERIALS Mice. Feminine BALB/c mice (8 to 9 weeks previous) extracted from the School of La Plata, Argentina, had been acclimated and distributed into experimental groupings randomly. The mice were kept in conventional animal facilities and received water and food ad libitum. After inoculation with 544, 2308 (outrageous type; even, virulent strains), S19 (vaccine strain; soft), RB51 (vaccine stress; tough), REO 198 Keratin 7 antibody (crazy type; tough, virulent stress) and H38 (crazy type; soft, virulent strain) had been from our own lab collection (12, 15, 35). Bacterias were expanded, and inocula had been prepared as referred to previously (12, 15, 21, 35). stress manipulations had been performed in biosafety level 3 services. Antigen (Ag) creation. Options for cloning, manifestation in have already been previously referred to (18). Briefly, the entire sequence information of both proteins was reported by Tibor et al previously. (34). Particular primers for the whole series of L-Omp16 and of L-Omp19 had been designed. U-Omp16 and U-Omp19 had been cloned using different ahead primers, flanking the entire gene from the proteins and preventing the putative sign peptide for lipidation. 544 genomic DNA was utilized like a template for PCR. The merchandise were cloned into the pET 22b+ vector (Novagen, Madison, WI), resulting in the plasmids pET-L-Omp16, pET-U-Omp16, pET-L-Omp19, and pET-U-Omp19 containing the genes with a COOH-terminal six-histidine tag. The recombinant OMPs were successfully expressed in BL21(DE3). Recombinant L-Omp16 and L-Omp19 were isolated from bacterial membranes by sonication and selective extraction by phase partitioning with 2% Triton X-114. U-Omp16 and U-Omp19 were isolated from bacterial cytoplasm by sonication. These preparations were further purified by affinity chromatography with a Ni-agarose resin (Qiagen,. | <urn:uuid:2422bb6e-9b46-4bd4-9353-7c996221bda6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://thr-protease.info/obtainable-vaccines-against-spp-attenuated-vaccines-s19-and-rb51-respectively-general/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.950486 | 1,024 | 2.25 | 2 |
Old-Time Radio Programs
Startup Costs: $10,000 - $50,000
Home Based: Can be operated from home.
Part Time: Can be operated part-time.
Franchises Available? No
Online Operation? No
History always has a way of repeating itself, and old-time radio programs from the 1930s and '40s are no exception to the rule, as these radio programs are once again becoming very popular. Seek to purchase the rights or pay for the rights to re-record old-time radio programs onto cassette tapes and compact discs. Once complete, the tapes and compact discs can be sold to retailers on a wholesale basis, or directly to consumers via mail order, the Internet, or even infomercials. Providing you can secure the right radio programs to re-record and that demand is high for the programs, the profitability of the business could be outstanding as it only costs a couple of dollars each to mass produce tapes and CDs. | <urn:uuid:216e1249-8326-46b4-b50b-f98904e37528> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.entrepreneur.com/businessideas/old-time-radio-programs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719566.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00261-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938304 | 202 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Auto Infusion Technology
Comprehensive Integrative Natural Medicine Treatment
Oxygenation – delivery of oxygen through a proprietary method of administration to oxygenate every cell, tissue & organ of the body with a unique concentration of gas delivery. All degenerative disease occurs in an oxygen depleted or hypoxic environment at the cellular level. Our technologies will reverse this hypoxic condition and start to normalize both arterial and venous PO2 levels. With the delivery of oxygen in a form that can be assimilated and utilized at the cellular and intracellular levels mitochondrial function begins to normalize and the energy production is optimized.
We have several different methods of administration which will totally flood the body with the proprietary form of oxygen to enhance cleansing, purification, pathogen removal, cellular regeneration, pH adjustment and detoxification at all levels throughout the body.
Detoxification – elimination of toxic build up which will enhance the function of the natural detoxification pathways, including colon, kidney & liver function. Our technologies and therapies break down the toxins into a form which can be eliminated through these normal detoxification pathways.
Hydration – almost all degenerative processes occur in a state of dehydration. This dehydration further contributes to toxic build up throughout the body. Using our proprietary hydrating solutions, we enhance proper cellular function through appropriate hydration and subsequent cellular detoxification.
pH Adjustment – all degenerative disease tends to occur in an acidic environment due to both respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Our technologies and therapies assist the body to shift to an alkaline pH and overcome the acidity caused by metabolic and respiratory inefficiency.
Elimination of Pathogens – the buildup of various forms of pathogenic organisms create an accumulation of bacterial and viral organisms which begin to evolve into various pleomorphic forms. These organisms compromise the body’s natural immune function and must be eliminated if we are to normalize and optimize cellular function. Our technologies and therapies will eliminate all forms of pathogens and enhance the body’s natural immune function and capability to eliminate future degenerative disease-causing factors.
Nutrient Delivery – nutrient delivery of all different forms is accomplished through a proprietary method of administration of vitamins, minerals that can be utilized and assimilated also at cellular and intracellular level to enhance and optimize cellular tissue and organ function and repair.
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See what others have to say.
Those that are interested in best practices will find great value in the reverse-aging and health-enhancing potentials in this life-changing approach to deep rejuvenation.
In truth, from several perspectives, without this treatment one leaves themselves open to further complications and health issues. | <urn:uuid:0d8b8eaa-02de-4072-87c2-9f139b9a1188> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://advancedbiocell.com/auto-infusion-technology/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.913111 | 549 | 2.015625 | 2 |
The Alphabet Adventure With Alice and Shawn the Train
Instant Download Price
Buy and Download
The Alphabet Adventure With Alice and Shawn the Train (Plus FREE Coloring Pages)
(SD, aspect 4:3, Color/Run Time: 65 Minutes)
THIS IS A DIGITAL DOWNLOAD AND NOT A DVD. PLEASE GO TO AMAZON.COM FOR A PHYSICAL DVD.
An educational cartoon for children to learn the English letters and words. Alice helps Shawn the Train learn the letters. They mention a lot of primary and secondary words for each letter and the train theme helps your child learn them even faster.
We also have ten letters available online (www.YouTube.com/coilbook) and you can also download a sample video.
This DIGITAL download contains two main cartoon files: WMV with subtitles (For Windows) and MP4 NO subtitles (For Mac, iPhone, iPad, Android, etc)
For Windows users:
If you want to see subtitles on your Windows Media Player please copy all 3 files to the SAME folder:
Please download and open a JPEG file called "How to enable subtitles on Windows Media Player.jpg" if you do NOT see subtitles (Located on a right side bellow Download a sample file).
*If you would like to create a DVD for your child just launch Windows DVD Maker (Type in Windows search: Windows DVD Maker) and drag Windows__The_Alphabet_Adventure_with_AliceShawn_WMV.wmv into the Windows DVD Maker window to make a DVD playable disk. Please note: Windows DVD Maker does NOT allow subtitles.
For Mac users:
Just copy the MP4 file (Apple_Android__The_Alphabet_Adventure_MP4.mp4) and watch it using the QuickTime player.
For iPhone, iPad users:
Please download the MP4 file (Apple_Android__The_Alphabet_Adventure_MP4.mp4) to your PC or MAC and transfer your file to your device using iTunes. (Apple does NOT allow direct downloads).
Please download and open a JPEG file called "how_to_transfer_video_to_ipad_iphone.jpg" if you do not know how to transfer (Located on a right side bellow Download a sample file).
iPad users note: If you have problems syncing the MP4 file with iPad please try other two files:
For Android users:
Most Android devices allow direct download. Just download MP4 file (Apple_Android__The_Alphabet_Adventure_MP4.mp4) and enjoy!
Please note: Make sure you have fast internet (DSL, Cable, Fiber, LTE) before you purchase the Digital Downloads.
Windows__The_Alphabet_Adventure_WMV.wmv - 1Gigabytes (989 Mb)
For Mac, Apple, Android:
Apple_Android__The_Alphabet_Adventure_MP4.mp4 - 1.58 Gigabytes (1700 Mb)
WARNING! FOR PRIVATE USE ONLY. NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE
YouTube™** and other video sharing websites warning!
Do NOT upload this video or any part of it to YouTube™ or any other websites.
***YouTube™ Content ID will detect and block any uploads (partial or full)
of this video issuing you a copyright strike on your account!***
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
FOR PRIVATE USE ONLY. NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE
© 2013 coilbook™
**© 2013 Google Inc. All rights reserved. YouTube™ is a trademark of Google Inc. | <urn:uuid:24be2773-ca8a-44d5-844c-b696a8a020a0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://store.payloadz.com/details/1877798-movies-and-videos-educational-the-alphabet-adventure-with-alice-and-shawn-the-train.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00246-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.699991 | 754 | 1.5625 | 2 |
The Obama administration plans to spend an additional $100 million on a weather satellite program that a congressional watchdog agency says has been beset by mismanagement, delays and cost overruns. The satellites are at least $8 billion over budget and the launch of the first satellite will be at least five years late, reports USA Today.
The NPOES satellite project is “a poster child for mismanagement,” says David Powner, author of a Government Accountability Office report issued June 17 (pdf). “It’s clearly up there as one of the most troubled programs that we’ve looked at.”
“This Committee has devoted years of oversight to NPOESS,” said Subcommittee Chairman Brad Miller (D-NC). “Despite our pressure to get this program under control, we are again facing cost overruns and slipping schedules. At the current pace, we won’t see a NPOESS launch until 2039. That is obviously unacceptable.”
“You don’t need to be a rocket scientist to know that our national polar satellite program is on a disastrous path, and unless we make changes immediately, the program will fail,” Sen. Barbara Mikulski, D-Md., chairwoman of the Commerce, Justice and Science Appropriations Subcommittee that funds the satellite program.
The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System, was begun 15 years ago to save money and avoid duplicate military and civilian weather satellites. NPOES program would be a joint venture, replacing both the DOD’s DMSP weather satellite and the NOAA Polar Operational Environmental Satellites (POES). NPOES would integrate both systems.
The NPOES program is run and financed by both the Defense Department and NOAA. But red tape, infighting and a huge $8 billion cost overrun made the system an albatross for the federal government.
In March 2005, NPOESS was budgeted at $6.8 billion, but current cost estimates have ballooned to $13.8 billion. NOAA’s entire annual budget is $4 billion. NPOESS is now 5 years behind its targeted year for becoming operational.
Gaps in coverage are possible during that time, if enough older satellites fail. Long range weather forecasting could be in jeopardy.
The GAO Director of Information Technology Management Issues, told Congress: “NPOESS is a program in crisis”. A Nunn-McCurdy review that studies the continuation of a program can be triggered by: importance to national security, absence of an equivalent capability at a lower cost, a reliable current cost estimate, and confidence that the management structure for the program can keep its cost under control.
Rep. Bart Gordon (D-Tenn.), the committee’s ranking minority member, and Rep. David Wu (D-Ore.) ranking member on the environment technology and standards subcommittee, said NOAA’s Administrator, and Gen. John J. Kelly Jr., Deputy Undersecretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere, should be fired.
“Until I am provided sufficient information, I can’t trust that the budget and leadership problems of the past will go away,” said Rep. Wu. “We must find a way forward that maintains the quality and continuity of our weather forecasting system. Billions of taxpayer dollars are tied to those forecasts, and not only quality of life, but actual American lives can hang in the balance. We can’t afford to get this wrong.” | <urn:uuid:12b3305a-742d-4609-9d4e-c797279861d7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dailywireless.org/2009/07/23/weather-sat-8b-overbudget-5-yrs-late/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00099-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934337 | 730 | 2.03125 | 2 |
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Python is one of the world’s most popular programming languages for good reason. Its general-purpose nature makes it useful in fields as diverse as web development, data science, and even gaming. Plus, due to its relatively straightforward syntax, it’s considered one of the easier programming languages to pick up. Because of this versatility, power, and accessibility, Python is one of the best languages for entrepreneurs to learn.
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Prices subject to change. | <urn:uuid:ba162d7c-3a1b-43b3-9ccf-a453579bda53> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.idh4.tk/learn-the-worlds-most-popular-programming-language-entrepreneur/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.90942 | 490 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Strike a pose
Digital engineers in Barcelona have taken the Microsoft Kinect system to a whole new level. They have created an installation that allows tourists to literally become their own souvenirs.
The motion sensor captures the subject as they strike a pose – then transfers the image to a 3D printer to capture the moment in 360 degree detail. The result – a tiny tangible memory of a trip down Las Ramblas. What a fantastic use of gaming technology used in a much more creative way. | <urn:uuid:04fe7cd6-66a5-4338-808a-70bd9972c6c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://firedog.co.uk/thinking-space/news-and-opinion/impressive/strike-a-pose/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00679.warc.gz | en | 0.908321 | 101 | 2.25 | 2 |
Grades 8-12. This project describes to students the great hurdle in the Hale Telescope’s construction: successfully transporting the 40-ton, 200-inch mirror and its packing materials from upstate New York to the top of Palomar Mountain in southern California. Documents include shipping manifests, conversations regarding the movement of the mirror, and photographic documentation of the mirror’s journey up Palomar Mountain. These sources can be used for inquiry-based learning exercises.
June 1, 2021
Mellon/ACLS Public Fellow and Outreach Program Manager (2018-2020), Rockefeller Archive Center
High school to graduate levels. This workshop places students into the role of program officers during the 1940s and 1950s. Drawing on twenty-two records from the Rockefeller Archive Center collections, the project explores philanthropic activities during a period of ideological and geopolitical tensions. View this resource on OER Commons.
High school to graduate levels. The primary sources in this workshop can be used to strengthen critical reading skills, support inquiry-based learning exercises, and expose students to the stories of trial and error that lie behind most scientific or engineering breakthroughs. View this resource on OER Commons. | <urn:uuid:072ff944-532f-4200-85dd-c7a9b7588797> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://resource.rockarch.org/story/from-dream-to-reality-building-the-hale-telescope/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.893187 | 254 | 2.71875 | 3 |
By Minh-Hà Pham-Delègue, James Devillers, Minh-Ha Pham-Delegue
Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental effect of chemical substances is an up to date account of different recommendations for assessing the ecotoxicity of xenobiotics opposed to those social bugs, which play a key position in either ecology and agriculture. as well as the classical acute laboratory try out, semi-field cage exams and entire box funnel checks, new assessments established often on behavioral responses are for the 1st time essentially defined. details at the direct and oblique results on honey bees of radionuclides, heavy metals, insecticides, semi-volatile natural compounds and genetically changed vegetation can also be awarded.
Read or Download Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals PDF
Best entomology books
Insects is a time period we use freely for whatever from a spider to a moth to a beetle to an ant. so much bugs usually are not insects. real insects of the realm describes the bugs referred to as the Hemiptera: Heteroptera, the most important team of bugs on the planet and the main assorted. There are seventy five households and a few 38,000 species discovered on all continents other than Antarctica.
Animal welfare is attracting expanding curiosity all over the world, yet quite from these in constructed nations, who now have the information and assets which will supply the easiest administration platforms for his or her livestock, in addition to almost certainly having the ability to provide abundant assets for spouse, zoo and laboratory animals.
Drosophila melanogaster: functional makes use of in phone and Molecular Biology is a compendium of often brief technical chapters designed to supply state-of-the paintings how you can the large group of phone biologists, and to place molecular and telephone organic experiences of flies into standpoint. The publication makes the baroque elements of genetic nomenclature and strategy available to telephone biologists.
Insect transgenesis delivers advancements in agriculture, prescribed drugs and public healthiness. Many very important bugs can now be many times remodeled with effectors that experience priceless functions. Agriculture provides the biggest marketplace for transgenic bugs and has a foundational heritage of luck with sterile insect process for keep watch over of pests together with Mediterranean fruit flies and screwworms.
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Additional resources for Honey Bees: Estimating the Environmental Impact of Chemicals
This was demonstrated in side-by-side tests done recently in conjunction with Oak Ridge National Laboratory . Compounds of higher molecular weights, for example many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with petroleum and creosote, were seen more readily. Approximately 25 ng of analyte were needed for detection above background noise in the mass spectrometer. 100 dm3/min flow velocity. Our current sampling train has added two tubes in front of the Carbotrap C10H18O3 C10H18O3 C10H20O C10H20O3 C16H30O2 C35H70 – S-9-Hydroxy-(E)-2-decenoic acid R-9-Hydroxy-(E)-2-decenoic acid Menthol 10-Hydroxy-(E)-2-decenoic acid Palmityic acid 17-Pentatriacontene Hydrocarbons C10H18O C10H16O C10H16O2 C10H16O2 C10H18O C15H26O C9H12O3 C10H16O3 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethanol 9-Oxo-(E)-2-decenoic acid Nasonov gland Geraniol (E)-Citral and (Z)-citral Geranic acid Nerolic acid Nerol (E,E)-Farnesol C7H14O C8H8O3 C8H14O2 C6H12O2 Mandibular gland Hexanoic acid 2-Heptanone Methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate Octanoic acid Formula Pheromone 154 152 168 168 154 222 186 186 156 188 256 490 – 168 184 114 152 144 116 MW worker worker worker worker worker worker queen queen queen nurse queen queen worker queen queen guard queen nurse nurse Bees orientation orientation orientation orientation orientation orientation royal jelly antibiotic brood recognition?
Two categories of taggants have proved particularly useful – perfluorinated compounds and perdeuterated compounds. We have a sufficient number of taggants that arrays of feeders can be uniquely marked. Taggants can be distributed in feeders on the basis of radial distance from the hive, direction or specific locations. Quantitative analysis of the taggants in the beehive atmosphere allows us to apportion foraging activity among the target categories in the experiment. Very little taggant is required for any one experiment.
1980). Nasonov pheromone of the honeybee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera:Apidae). Part I. Chemical characterization. J. Chem. Ecol. 6, 426–434. A. and Boch, R. (1966). Citral in the Nasanoff pheromone of the honey bee. J. Insect Physiol. 12, 1513–1521. H. L. (1988). Semiochemical basis of retinue response to queen honey bees. Nature 332, 354–356. S. W. (1975). Antifungal properties of the insect alarm pheromones. J. Apic. Res. 20, 13–18. M. S. (1982). Bioassay of compounds derived from the honey bee sting. | <urn:uuid:13c0b17b-c9dc-486f-a319-3760606ac9a2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://inuuniqvillage.com/read/honey-bees-estimating-the-environmental-impact-of-chemicals | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.862299 | 1,259 | 2.875 | 3 |
This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers.
Gastric cancer is among the most common malignancies in Asia, comprising 74% of all global cases. Identifying the environmental risk factors may possibly shed more light on effective treatment and the prevention of this disease. The aim of our study is to document different histologic types of gastric cancer as per age, sex and ethnic groups in the patients in Nepal, to know the frequency of different gross and microscopic subtypes (according to Lauren's classification) of tumor, to find out the association of H. pylori and other major risk factors with gastric cancer.
Materials and Methods
The present study is a hospital based retrospective study done in the Department of Pathology, Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal, from Jan 1999 to July 2010. All the endoscopic biopsies and gastrectomy specimens from patients with diagnosed gastric carcinoma were reviewed and the clinical and other data were analyzed.
In this study period, a total of 1223 cases related to stomach were received in Department of Pathology. Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 397 cases - 315 cases of endoscopic biopsy and 82 cases of gastrectomy - were included in the study. Among all cases in Gurung, Chhetri and Brahmin communities, we retrieved data regarding risk factors in 93, 65 and 50 cases respectively. Significant relationship was found between the three risk factors studied and the ethnic groups. Smoked meat and alcohol were found to be associated with gastric carcinoma more in Gurungs and Chhetris than in Brahmins (p= 0.0001). On the contrary, cases among Brahmins are found to more associated with smoking than Gurungs and Chhetris (p= 0.0001).
Gastric carcinoma is a common malignancy in this part of world and most high risk group includes elderly males with history of alcoholism & smoked meat from Gurung community and with history of smoking from Brahmin family. We advise that regular endoscopic surveillance should be done at least in high risk group for the early detection of cancer.
Gastric Carcinoma, Ethnicity, Nepal
Gastrointestinal cancers account for a large fraction of human neoplasms. They are almost without exception incurable when gross metastases exist1. Gastric carcinoma is a worldwide disease. In 1990, it was the second most common cancer in the world with an estimated 800,000 new cases every year, 60% of them being in developing countries2. The areas of highest incidence include Eastern Asia, South America and Eastern Europe and those of lower incidence include North America, North Europe, most parts of Africa and South Eastern Asia3, 4. However, there has been a steady decline in its incidence and mortality in past several decades3. Its incidence has markedly decreased in developed countries but remains high in countries like Japan and Chile; Japan having the highest incidence worldwide3,5. In 2008, it has come down to become the 6th cancer worldwide (Age Standardized Rate (ASR) = 14.1%) with an estimated 1,000,000 cases6. Globally it is the 4th commonest cancer in males and 5th in females. Interestingly, 74% of all global cases are from Asia, where gastric carcinoma is the 3 rd commonest cancer (ASR 18.5%) including both genders, the 2nd commonest cancer in males and the 4 th in females6.
The exact cancer prevalence rate in Nepal is unknown due to the lack of a population based national cancer registry. However, every year at least 17,000 new cancer cases are estimated and the figure is expected to go up considerably in the future7. According to the present data from Nepal, it is the 5th common cancer (ASR 8.2%) including both genders, 3rd in males and 6th in females6.
A hospital based study done in Nepal showed that 8.8% were GIT malignancies among the all cancers treated by radiotherapy in Pokhara8. Endoscopic biopsy is widely regarded as the most sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for gastric cancer3. Neoplasms of the various parts of the gastrointestinal tract have a marked variation of distribution. These variations are according to the race, gender, age, the part of the gastrointestinal tract affected, geographical region of the world and other exogenous risk factors9,10. Identifying the environmental risk factors may possibly shed more light on effective treatment and the prevention of these diseases. The aim of our study was to document different histologic types of gastric cancer as per age, sex and ethnic groups in the patients, to know the frequency of different gross and microscopic subtypes (according to Lauren's classification ) of tumor, to find out the association of H. pylori and other major risk factors with gastric cancer.
Materials and Methods
The present study is a hospital based retrospective study done in the Department of Pathology, Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal in a period from Jan 1999 to July 2010. All the endoscopic biopsies and gastrectomy specimens in patients with diagnosed gastric carcinoma were reviewed and analyzed. Patients' data were retrieved from the records of the Department of Pathology and also Department of Medical Records, Manipal Teaching Hospital. The parameters analyzed were age, gender, ethnicity, risk factors, gross and microscopic types. For gross morphological types, Borrmann classification was followed (Fig 1). All biopsy tissues were fixed in 10% formalin, processed routinely and stained in Hematoxylin & Eosin and Giemsa stain for H pylori.
Cases excluded from the study were (a) tumors with extensive areas of necrosis and no viable or normal looking tissues (b) cases where the site of biopsy is unclear, not mentioned by endoscopist or could not be identified histologically (c) other types of gastric malignancies ( e.g., lymphoma , gastrointestinal stromal tumor etc ).
The data collected was analyzed using Excel 2003, R 2.8.0 Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows Version 16.0 (SPSS Inc; Chicago, IL, USA) and EPI Info 3.5.1 Windows Version. Chi- square test and Z-test was used to compare the significance difference or relationship between two variables. A p-value of <0.05 (two-tailed) was used to establish statistical significance.
Fig 1: Borrmann Classification - schematic representation 3
In this study period, a total number of approximately 25000 biopsies have been received in the Department of Pathology. Among these, there were a total of 1223 cases related to stomach (Table 1). Majority of endoscopic biopsies were found to be nonmalignant while all of gastrectomy specimens were found to be malignant. Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 397 cases, including 315 cases of endoscopic biopsy and 82 cases of gastrectomy were included in the study.
Table 1: Frequency of endoscopic biopsy and gastrectomy cases
Frequency of Cases
in the study
Table 2 shows age wise frequency of all the studied cases. There is a sharp increase in incidence after 50 years of age and highest number is seen in the age group 51-70 years. Males are more commonly affected than females in a M:F ratio of 1.8:1 (Table 3) .
Table 2: Distribution of cases according to age
Number of cases
Table 3: Distribution of cases according to gender
Number of cases
** Statistically significant (p value<0.05)
Among the different castes, Gurungs are much more commonly affected with 32% of all cases (Table 4). They are closely followed by Chhetri and Brahmins comprising 21% and 15% respectively.
Table 4: Distribution of cases according to caste
Number of cases
Table 5: Site wise distribution of all cases included in the study
Number of cases
Antrum was found to be the site of carcinoma in 70% cases, thus being the most common site (Table 5). Gross morphologic types were studies in all 82 gastrectomy cases (Table 6) according to Borrmann's type. Type IV was the commonest type with 33 cases (40% of all 82 cases). Microscopically, all cases were divided as per Lauren's classification and it was found that 210 cases (53%) were of intestinal type (Table 7).
Table 6: Gross morphological distribution of all gastrectomy cases
Bormann's gross types
Num-ber of cases
Polypoid protruding growth.
Fungating growth. with discrete sharply defined borders
Ulcerated and infiltrating with no discrete borders in ulcer
Table 7: Microscopic types - distribution of all cases included in the study
Microscopic types ( Lauren's classification )
Number of cases
(n = 82)
Associated H.pylori was seen in 32 cases i.e., 8% of all carcinoma cases. (Table 8).
Table 8: Association of H pylori and its relation to site of carcinoma
H. Pylori association with cancer (N = 32, 8% of total cases)
Site of carcinoma
Number of cases
Table 9: Caste-wise Assessment of major risk factors
for risk factor
** Statistically significant (p value<0.05)
Among all cases in Gurung, Chhetri and Brahmin communities, we could retrieve data on risk factors in 93, 65 and 50 cases respectively. Significant relationship was found between the three risk factors studied and ethnic groups (Table 9). Smoked meat was found to be associated with gastric carcinoma in Gurungs, Chhetris and Brahmins in 73%, 63%, and 36% cases respectively. Similarly alcohol was found to be associated more commonly in Gurungs (77% ) and Chhetris (60%) than among Brahmins (38%) . On the contrary, cases among Brahmins (72%) are found to more associated with smoking than Gurungs (34%) and Chhetris (38%).
The gastric carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and is among the top five malignancies encountered at Manipal Teaching Hospital 8. Among all the histopathological tissues received in the Dept of Pathology, approximately 5% cases were related to gastric pathology. We have reported a total of 426 cases of gastric malignancy (1.7% of all cases and 35% of all gastric tissue) in the study period. As per our exclusion criteria, 397 cases were included in the study.
Gastric carcinoma is extremely rare before the age of 30 years and most patients are above 50 years3,5. Though a steady decline in the incidence and mortality rates of gastric carcinoma has been observed worldwide over the past several decades, the absolute number of new cases per year is increasing mainly because of the aging of the population11. In our study, majority of the patients (331 cases, 83 %) were in the age range 51 to 70 years. This finding corroborates well with the international trend. However, cases of gastric carcinoma in young and even in children are recorded in world literature and we found 5 cases in the age group of 21-30 years12,13. As seen in other international studies, males are clearly affected more commonly, nearly two times more than females in our data3.
All gastric carcinomas arise from foveolae; in most instances, in a back ground of chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia14,15. The most frequent site of stomach cancer is the distal stomach i.e., the antro-pyloric region3. Carcinomas of the body or the corpus are located mostly along the greater or lesser curvature3,5. In our study also the distal stomach (antrum) is the primary site in 70% of cases followed by the body or corpus (20%).
Grossly, gastric carcinomas show a wide variation5. Dysplasias may present as a flat lesion, difficult to detect on conventional endoscopy3. The gross appearances of advanced carcinoma include flat, ulcerated, or fungating tumor growing into the gastric lumen and deeply invasive tumor growing through the wall of the stomach5,16. Borrmann classified the gross appearance of advanced carcinomas into 4 types based on the proportion of exophytic and endophytic components3,5,17. Fig 1 shows the schematic representation of four gross morphological types described by Borrmann3. Types II and III are common3. Diffuse type (Type IV) spread superficially in the mucosa and submucosa producing flat lesions with or without ulceration. With extensive infiltration, a linitis plastica or leather bottle stomach results. In our study, we analyzed 82 gastrectomy cases. We found type IV (diffuse infiltrating) to be the most common constituting 40% of 82 cases. However, combined type II and III comprise 60%. We did not find any nonulcerated polypoid type ( type I ) in our study. Type IV has been found to be an independent prognostic factor by other studies18. More studies from this country on this aspect are invited. Depending of the relative proportion of mucin and fibrosis, the tumor may have fleshy, fibrous or gelatinous appearance3,5 .
Microscopically, this carcinoma have been divided into two major categories by Lauren in 196519. Lauren classification has been found useful in evaluating the natural history of gastric carcinoma3. According to Lauren Classification, the main two types are "intestinal" and "diffuse" type. Tumors that contain approximately equal quantities of both components are called "mixed" type and carcinomas too undifferentiated to fit into any category are placed in "indeterminate" type3. Intestinal carcinomas form recognizable glands ranging from poorly to moderate and well differentiated. On the other hand, diffuse type consists of poorly cohesive cells diffusely infiltrating the gastric wall with minimal gland formation3,5. This type is currently known as "signet ring" carcinoma as most of the cells contain intracytoplasmic mucin giving the cell the typical signet ring appearance3,5. According the original study by Lauren, intestinal type comprised 53% and diffuse type comprised 33%. In our study, the findings are closely similar with intestinal type being 53% and diffuse type 31%.
H. pylori has been implicated as an etiologic factor in gastric carcinoma through development of chronic gastritis20. Strong evidence has been shown in prospective cohort studies that presence of H. pylori antibodies in serum poses a significant increased risk of carcinoma21. H. pylori causes the sequential steps - chronic gastritis, multifocal atrophy, intestinal metaplasia and intraepithelial neoplasia. Gastritis and atrophy lead to elevated pH altering the colonizing bacterial flora. These bacteria activate reductases that form nitrite from food nitrate. This nitrite reacts with amines, amides and ureas producing carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds22,23. H. pylori however are mainly seen in normal mucosa and are absent in areas with intestinal metaplasia where neoplasia originates3. In our study, we searched for H. pylori in both the neoplastic and nonneoplastic mucosa in all 397 malignant cases. We found presence of H. pylori only in 32 cases (8%). However, it is premature to come to any conclusion and there is scope of further study to assess the association of H. pylori with gastric carcinoma in this part of the world. Among other risk factors, the most consistent association is diet. This is especially true for intestinal carcinoma3. Salt intake, smoked meat, smoked fish, pickled vegetables, chili peppers, alcohol and tobacco are found to incur high risk3, 14. In our study, we classified the incidences of gastric carcinoma in different castes and also tried to find out the importance of smoked meat, alcohol and smoking as risk factors. According to estimation of World Health Organization (WHO), 38.4 % of the total population of Nepal above 15 years of age smoke, of which 48.4% are males and 28.7% are females 25.
Despite a high incidence in many Asian nations, population-based studies indicate that Asian-American patients have improved gastric cancer survival compared with other races and ethnicities26-29. However, the categorization of Asian ethnicities as a single race appears inappropriate, given that Asians are a culturally diverse mix of people that differ widely in country of origin, immigration patterns, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle factors30-32. Nevertheless, epidemiologic studies often aggregate these diverse populations without mention of the specific ethnic subgroups. The flaw in this practice was recently underscored by a report from Kwong et al., who observed wide variations in cancer incidence and mortality among the five most prevalent Asian-American subgroups, namely Korean, Japanese, Chinese, Vietnamese, and Filipino33. These observations highlight the need to carefully examine gastric cancer outcomes among the different Asian ethnicities. In Nepal, we found that Gurungs are more commonly affected followed by Chhetris and Brahmins comprising 32%, 21%, 15% respectively.
Gastric carcinoma is a common malignancy in this part of world. The most high risk group includes elderly males with history of alcoholism & smoked meat from Gurung community and with history of smoking from Brahmin family. Importance of the association of H. pylori in gastric carcinoma among the Nepalese population needs further study, preferably prospective, before any definite conclusion. There is obvious scope of further studies on gastric carcinoma in other parts of this country and also to assess the other risk factors in this population. However we advise that regular endoscopic surveillance should be done at least in the high risk group for the early detection of cancer. | <urn:uuid:f0c38661-9bc3-474f-a50e-98214f103a0c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.ukessays.com/essays/biology/gastric-carcinoma-in-the-western-region-of-nepal-biology-essay.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00066-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933169 | 3,804 | 2.296875 | 2 |
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Taking Effective Witness Statements is a practical book on crime investigations with reference to the role of witness statements in such investigations.
The book also delves into how a witness should be prepared before a statement is taken, actions by the interviewer and observations during statement taking. Body language and different methods to approach a witness are discussed as well as the goals of interviewing a witness for the purposes of obtaining an effective statement.
Taking Effective Witness Statements focuses on different forms of witness statements and deals with:- | <urn:uuid:6bd58610-da9f-4732-8914-bbf3afaa1445> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wildy.com/isbn/9781485101048/taking-effective-witness-statements-paperback-juta-law | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00244-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937271 | 145 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Increase and Decrease font size using jQuery
This tutorial explains how to increase and decrease font size of text content in a div dynamically using jquery.
Open notepad, add below code and save it as an html file.
Initially when the page loads, the font size is set to 14px. Then as the user clicks on increase or decrease links font size is increased or decreased by 2 units dynamically by using .css() method. Note that we have set an higher limit of 20px and lower limit of 14px for the text content. Check out the demo to see how it works.
If you think this article and other information on this website is useful to you, please keep yourself subscribed via email or other social networking sites to be notified whenever more useful articles are posted here. Thanks for reading! | <urn:uuid:9a65593d-14d5-4c42-9049-8f65f5c372cb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.programming-free.com/2013/12/increase-decrease-font-size-jquery.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00456-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.668191 | 164 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Incense or perfume|
Forests and wetlands|
A sweet tangy fruit from New Ceardia that grows on a short tree, Lanarra’s Hand takes its name from Old Gods worshippers. These same worshippers also use the fruit prolifically as a part of their worship in the form of incense or for self-decoration as a perfume.
Lanarra’s Hand was first discovered by the explorer Laura Redblock in her mapping of New Ceardia, who described its sweetness and noted it before continuing on her travels. When colonists first arrived to the land, several groups went in search of the fruit and settled close to its location. Old God worshippers then gave it the name Lanarra’s hand after the sweet touch of a mother’s hand (as Lanarra is the mother patron diety) and its pleasant smell, along with the general hand-like appearance. Eventually, the aroma it produces became its defining feature for many, with merchants and business people setting up the refining of the fruit into either perfume or, for Old God followers, incense for their altars.
Appearing as a small amber-orange fruit, it has five protrusions down with a rough, textured yet thin skin. A small stem holds it to the squat and often sparse trees that bear it.
Uses and Abilities
Once peeled, cut, or seared in a burner, it can make a delightful perfume. This perfume is often used by older women and many female Old Gods worshipers due to it’s pleasant smell. To make the other product, incense, the fruit must be made into a paste through grinding. It must then be mixed together with a natural adhesive before being rolled into a rod with a wick or a thin stick inserted directly into the middle of the rod. It must then be allowed to dry to form the incense stick. Sometimes, people allow the paste to be dried in the air into cubes which are then sold to the less wealthy, lacking the wick and the work required in the other method.
- The scent of the fruit, perfume and incense can be detected and enjoyed by most races, though to Naylar the smell is that of rot and decay for unknown reasons.
- The plant can be kept as a houseplant, sometimes by Old God and Ithanian households, however it often lives far less of a lifespan then if it was out in the wild.
- Most animals enjoy the sweetness of Lanarra’s Hand, so in the nights of the spring and summertime, when its scent is the most potent, farmers thickly net the plant to keep the animals from eating them.
Eledana, Enkiduu, Shayin, 0romir||
Shayin on 02/20/2016.|
» Read more | <urn:uuid:d704385e-0529-41b8-b4f2-5c944d26e93b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wiki.massivecraft.com/index.php?title=Shadow_Weed&oldid=10065 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.945212 | 720 | 2.625 | 3 |
The Falicov-Kimball model is a simple quantum lattice model that describes light and heavy electrons interacting with an on-site repulsion; alternatively, it is a model of itinerant electrons and fixed nuclei. It can be seen as a simplification of the Hubbard model; by neglecting the kinetic (hopping) energy of the spin up particles, one gets the Falicov-Kimball model. We show that away from half-filling, i.e. if the sum of the densities of both kinds of particles differs from 1, the particles segregate at zero temperature and for large enough repulsion. In the language of the Hubbard model, this means creating two regions with a positive and a negative magnetization. Our key mathematical results are lower and upper bounds for the sum of the lowest eigenvalues of the discrete Laplace operator in an arbitrary domain, with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The lower bound consists of a bulk term, independent of the shape of the domain, and of a term proportional to the boundary. Therefore, one lowers the kinetic energy of the itinerant particles by choosing a domain with a small boundary. For the Falicov-Kimball model, this corresponds to having a single "compact" domain that has no heavy particles.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
- Mathematical Physics | <urn:uuid:984b2151-2d92-495f-b3c3-9d2db6abea50> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://collaborate.princeton.edu/en/publications/segregation-in-the-falicov-kimball-model | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.878232 | 285 | 2.0625 | 2 |
It’s become a recurring forecast this year, true for Father’s Day, Mother’s Day, Easter, and now Halloween. That is, consumers’ retail spending around these events is expected to be high, but just shy of last year’s record pace. So says the NRF again in its latest survey, this time covering Halloween spending.
An estimated 175 million Americans will celebrate Halloween this year, according to the NRF, down from last year’s estimated 179 million. Total Halloween-related spending is expected to reach $9 billion, just below last year’s $9.1 billion, which had been the highest amount in the NRF survey’s history.
This year, though, celebrants are planning to spend a little more ($86.79) than they were last year ($86.13), though the total is down due to fewer adults expecting to participate in festivities.
Roughly two-thirds of that total spending will be on costumes (totaling $3.2 billion – purchased by 68% of Halloween shoppers) and decorations ($2.7 billion; 74%), with another $2.6 billion being spent on candy, the most popular purchase (planned by 95% of Halloween shoppers).
The analysts note that one area of growth is pet costumes, with one-fifth of celebrants planning to dress their pets, up from 16% last year.
The top children’s costumes this year are Princess and Superhero costumers. A record-tying share (48%) of adults plan to dress up this year, per the report, with Witch costumes emerging as their favorite.
Online search will be where most (35%) go for inspiration, followed by retail stores (29%), friends and family (19%) and Pinterest (19%). As far as where celebrants plan to shop, discount scores (45%) lead the way again, followed by specialty Halloween/costume stores (35%), department stores (25%), online (24%), and grocery/supermarket stores (24%).
Separately, a recent report from Yesmail [download page] reveals that a growing number (38%) of marketers sent Halloween emails last year, up from 27% the year prior. Although those emails had below-average responses rates, they did convert at above-average rates. The analysis of close to 8 billion emails sent in Q4 found that the campaigns driving the highest conversion rates were sent on the Friday before Halloween (which occurred on a Tuesday), featuring promotions for costumes and party food.
For more data on Halloween spending and planned purchases, see the NRF survey results here. | <urn:uuid:fd882e46-3b00-4f19-9856-625b83f65ec1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.marketingcharts.com/industries/retail-and-e-commerce-105972 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.948527 | 543 | 1.523438 | 2 |
How 'November 17' was foiled
Sunday, Greek police arrested two more alleged members of the terrorist group, for a total of nine.
ATHENS — A botched bombing three weeks ago continues to blow open an organization long regarded as Europe's most elusive terrorist group.
Sunday, police said they had arrested two more alleged members of the ultra-leftist November 17 group, which had evaded arrest for more than a quarter century and had claimed responsibility for 23 murders, including the slayings of five American officials. Police now have nine suspects in custody, including an alleged founder who is charged with 13 murders but has denied involvement.
Police are now hunting for other November 17 founders, believed to be a small group of three to five and known as "the grandfathers of November 17." Finding them may prove the greatest challenge, says E. Wayne Merry, a retired US foreign service political officer who served in Athens and is an expert on Greek terrorism for the American Foreign Policy Council. "They must look in circles of '70s revolutionaries, which includes much of Greece's political elite," he says.
Until this month, next to nothing was known about November 17, which is named for the date of a bloody 1973 student uprising against the US-backed military junta governing Greece at the time.
But a series of recent developments including a shift in Europe's political climate, a change in investigative techniques, and an accident in which a bomb went off prematurely on an Athens street June 29 led to the first-ever November 17 arrest last week. The arrest of Paris-born intellectual Alexandros Giotopoulos, the group's alleged ideological leader, led in rapid-fire succession to five other arrests, including those of three men who confessed to many of the group's crimes, among them its most recent murder, the shooting in 2000 of British military attaché Stephen Saunders. Arrests continued in a week dubbed by the Greek press as "a rendezvous with history."
Greece had come under harsh international criticism for failing to make any arrests in connection with the radical anti-American group, which has been on the US State Department terrorism list since the '80s. The pressure has increased as Athens prepares to host the 2004 Olympic Games, which some officials say it may have lost had there been another anti-American attack. Some American officials had suggested keeping American athletes from the games.
November 17 is among the last remaining extreme-left groups of Europe, ranked with Italy's Red Brigade and Germany's Baader-Meinhof. The November 17, 1973 student uprising gave birth to the Pan-Hellenic Socialist movement (PASOK), which has governed Greece for 18 of the past 21 years. Many of today's prominent Greek politicians were among the student revolutionaries. Because of their common roots with November 17, PASOK has long been dogged by allegations of shielding the terrorist group.
In the years after the US-backed junta fell and PASOK rose to power, anti-Americanism remained strong in Greece. November 17 made its first appearance in 1975, with the murder of the CIA's Athens station chief Richard Welch, and more attacks followed. While no one publicly supported terrorism, there was often little sympathy for the group's victims: American diplomats and military officials, right-wing politicians, and industrialists.
But in the past 10 years, the tide of public opinion began to turn, which analysts say was the first step toward finally bringing November 17 down. "The end of a bipolar system [of ideology] has seen the ending of those Marxist, leftist terrorist groups all over Europe. It was the ending of the cause. November 17 was the only one still continuing," says Mary Bossis, a professor of international security at Athens University.
Decreased tolerance for the group and rising international pressure for arrests were compounded with fears about Olympic safety. But a turning point after the 2000 murder of Mr. Saunders, the group's first British victim. "I think they made a huge mistake in that case," says Mr. Merry. The killing of a citizen of a European Union state brought to Athens British law-enforcement officials, who declared they would not leave until arrests were made. While the FBI had participated in investigations of Americans' deaths, "the British government has shown a tenacity of purpose on this that puts Americans to shame," says Merry. "They resolved to push on this not just for a few months, but for as long as it took."
Greek police sources say Scotland Yard overhauled the way investigations were conducted. Instead of investigating the crimes on a case-by-case basis, British police conducted a methodical investigation beginning with the first evidence.
"Before, each packet of evidence was just filed away somewhere. The British came in and said, 'We need to go back to day one, to collate it all, to proceed on this as we would if we were studying multiple homicides'," says Merry. Greek Public Order Minister Michalis Chrysoidis has said publicly that the new techniques were essential in the latest breakthroughs.
Greek and British officials also credit Saunders's widow, Heather, with raising public awareness. She helped create a victims' lobbying group to further pressure the government. "I wanted the world to know that we, the family, the women and children were the victims," she says, adding that she is happy with current progress in the investigation.
After using the new methods for a little more than a year, police got an unexpected break: On June 29, Savas Xiros, an icon painter and son of a Greek Orthodox priest, allegedly attempted to plant a bomb in the port of Piraeus. But it blew up prematurely in his hand.
Police said that a handgun found next to the painter had been stolen from a police officer during a November 17 attack in 1984, and used in six subsequent murders by the group. Xiros allegedly was carrying other weapons and documents, which led police to two of the group's hideouts, both of which contained massive caches of weapons which had been used in November 17 attacks, as well as documents outlining the group's activities. They also found Giotopoulos' fingerprints. Xiros began cooperating with police and remains under heavy guard in the hospital.
On Wednesday, police captured Giotopoulos on the tiny island of Lipsi. Greek police said he matches the profile they had created of the group's leader: an intellectual with a connection to France who had received training in Cuba. Giotopoulos was active in student street riots in Paris in the '60s, and had also traveled to Cuba. His father was a Trotskyist theoretician in the '30s.
On Thursday, police arrested two of Xiros' brothers and a family friend, whom they described as the group's "foot soldiers" and "executioners." Police say that Christodoulos Xiros, a musical-instrument maker; Vassilis Xiros, an unemployed advertising worker; and their friend Dionissis Georgadis, a musician in an obscure rock band, have together confessed to participating in attacks from 1984 to 1992. The attacks killed a total of 10 people, including two US military officials U.S. Embassy defense attaché Capt. William Nordeen in June 1988 and Air Force Sgt. Ronald O. Stewart in March 1991 as well as Saunders. Police say they also confessed to participating in two bombings of buses carrying US servicemen in 1987, the theft of antitank rockets from a military base in 1989, and a rocket attack against the home of the German ambassador in 1999.
Police say that Giotopoulos has confessed nothing, but that the brothers' confessions have led them to other suspects. Currently police are hunting for another alleged "foot soldier," Dimitris Koufodinas, a 44-year-old beekeeper who was living with Savas Xiros' former wife.
Merry says he is not surprised that the group seems linked by a family. "The family is the way every business in Greece is organized. Why should terrorism be any different?" he says.
Prime Minister Costas Simitis says investigations and trials will continue methodically and Scotland Yard says it will remain active in the investigation. "The United Kingdom is not here solely because of the tragic death of Stephen Saunders," Scotland Yard Assistant Commissioner David Veness said at an Athens press conference. Referring to the Olympics, he added: "We intend to be engaged ... at the very least until the summer of 2004." | <urn:uuid:cb022eb7-5998-4c24-8510-a7bf34e410ed> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0722/p06s01-wogi.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00361-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982736 | 1,723 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Top Ten Reasons to Oppose the Central American Free Trade Agreement
Negotiated by the governments of the United States, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and El Salvador, the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) would impose the failed policies of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) throughout Central America and the Caribbean. The agreement would undermine workers’ rights, drive countless family farmers off the land and ultimately lay the groundwork for the expansion of NAFTA throughout the hemisphere.
1. CAFTA Expands a Proven Disaster
CAFTA would expand the failed NAFTA model of international trade to five additional Central American countries with plans to include the Dominican Republic already under way. But 10 years of NAFTA have shown just how devastating these agreements can be for working families and the environment. In the United States, over 766,000 jobs have been lost due to NAFTA. In the maquiladora zones along the US-Mexico border, wages are low, union organizing is suppressed, and industrial pollution has dramatically increased cases of hepatitis and birth defects among workers. NAFTA should be repealed, not expanded.
2. CAFTA Contains No Protection for Workers and the Environment
CAFTA contains no meaningfully enforceable standards that might prevent countries from lowering their public health, workplace safety, and environmental laws in order to attract investment. Our experience with NAFTA has shown how corporations use this arrangement to pit workers in each country against one another in a “race-to-the-bottom” in wages and environmental protections. Trade agreements are presented to the public as a vehicle for economic development, but when these agreements fail to condition trade access on enforcement of international labor and environmental standards, only corporate CEOs see the benefits.
3. CAFTA Promotes Sweatshop Labor
CAFTA would ignore standards set by the International Labor Organization and instead require only that countries continue to enforce existing domestic labor laws, regardless of how inadequate these laws may be. In the context of Central America—where laws fall far below international standards and governments are often actively hostile towards unions—this model amounts to no less than a recipe for rampant labor violations. CAFTA will no doubt lead to an expansion of the region’s maquila industry, already one of the world’s most developed.
4. CAFTA Drives Family Farmers Off the Land
Thousands of small family farms in both the US and Central America will be lost because of CAFTA—much like what has already happened to U.S, Mexican and Canadian farmers under NAFTA. Meanwhile, giant corporate farms like ADM and Cargill will be the ones benefiting most from their downfall and the trade agreement. The threat of CAFTA is especially ominous for farmers in Guatemala, where nearly 60% of the population support themselves on agriculture. CAFTA would likely force a massive migration of erstwhile farmers to large urban areas to work in the maquila industry, or to risk the dangerous journey to the U.S.
5. CAFTA Privatizes Public Services
CAFTA investor rules will make it impossible for governments in Central America and the US to give preferences to public service providers. Under CAFTA, domestic regulations protecting people’s right to food, education, health, and basic utilities could be considered “barriers to trade” and open to challenges by multinational corporations. CAFTA would require that governments bid out for services contracts, resulting in price increases, reduced access, and compromised quality that would most severely impact the vulnerable in our society, such as children, the poor, and the elderly.
6. CAFTA Expands Corporate Power
CAFTA would expand NAFTA rules that allow corporations to sue governments over any law that might stand in the way of their ability to profit. These rules have already been used 27 times since 1994 to challenge some of our most cherished public health, workplace safety and environmental laws. The threat of being sued forces governments to either pay large fines or to pass only pro-business legislation.
7. CAFTA Undermines Public Health
CAFTA provisions to protect and expand the patent monopolies of US pharmaceutical companies in Central America will undermine access to affordable generic AIDS drugs and increase the price of medicines. Meanwhile, hundreds thousands of HIV-positive Central Americans are in immediate need of treatment or else they will die. Of the six Latin American countries with the highest prevalence of HIV, four are Central American.
8. CAFTA is a Stepping Stone to FTAA
Passing CAFTA would be a strategic first step towards the larger, Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). The FTAA would include every country in Latin America, and the Caribbean except Cuba. Talks on the FTAA have collapsed in recent months following sustained pressure from the governments of Brazil, Venezuela, and other South American and Caribbean nations. By bullying its smaller CAFTA trading partners into accepting dangerous rules on services, while altogether excluding the issue of agriculture, the Bush Administration hopes to divide the growing coalition of developing countries that oppose it and set a dangerous precedent for its position on FTAA.
9. Opposition is Building
Thousands have been organizing to defeat CAFTA throughout Central America and the U.S. with mass mobilizations in Managua, San Salvador, and San Jose and pickets at the negotiations in Cincinnati, Houston New Orleans, and Washington DC. Following on recent setbacks for the WTO in Cancun and the FTAA in Miami fair trade forces are poised for yet another victory. The defeat of CAFTA could set back the already reeling FTAA process, perhaps for good.
10. We Can Win!
Despite tremendous popular opposition to CAFTA in Central America, it seems clear that most effective way to defeat the agreement will be in the US Congress. Members of Congress have been hearing a lot from their constituents about the negative impacts of free trade. Now more than ever its important that you tell your congressperson to say no to CAFTA and yes to Fair Trade! | <urn:uuid:ff4ac2d2-6095-4e56-86ec-836cf0b64e70> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://globalexchange.org/resources/cafta/oppose | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00250-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935293 | 1,234 | 2.640625 | 3 |
A new poll from Texas Tech shows that, for the first time, more Texans support marriage equality than are against it, but just barely:
“Texas remains a conservative state, and the overwhelming majority of citizens consider themselves Republicans,” said Mark McKenzie, associate professor of political science who instructs the class that did the survey. “For Democrats to stand a chance of carrying Texas, they either must convince Texans to switch their party loyalties or capture all independent and Democratic voters. There is absolutely no room for error on the part of the Democrats.”
On the other hand, McKenzie said, even though Texas remains a conservative state, attitudes about gay marriage have changed in Texas during the last year.
“In the past, support for gay marriage in this state was below 40 percent,” he said. “Now, were closely divided on the issue. 48 percent of Texans think gay marriage should be recognized whereas 47 percent are against. Democrats and Independents strongly support gay marriage, while Republicans are strongly opposed to it.”
The rest of the nation reached the tipping point on this issue several years back, and these days, support for marriage equality is very much the mainstream position. Now, over the next few years, we’ll watch as traditionally conservative strongholds move toward support for full equality. It’s already happening, and it’s likely the primary reason our opponents seem to be becoming much more unhinged in their statements and actions these days. They know they’ve lost many of those they used to assume were allies. | <urn:uuid:3ed46fdf-9514-449b-997f-bb4b1f3a9b64> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://archive.truthwinsout.org/news/2014/04/40280/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.975428 | 333 | 1.898438 | 2 |
With Friday’s meeting of the Historical Commission, the fate of 1918-20 Sansom Street—formerly the Oliver H. Bair Funeral Home—seems to be sealed. The body voted unanimously to grant the petition for financial hardship, which will allow the Southern Land Company to demolish the historically protected building.
The real estate company argues that the building is beyond repair and cannot possibly be used in their plans or for any other future use. The historical commission’s own investigation, led by Margaret Sowell of Real Estate Strategies, came to a similar conclusion.
The demolition would be part of the Southern Land Company’s larger project to fill in the last undeveloped parcel off of Rittenhouse Square with a residential skyscraper. In the original proposal the Bair building’s historically protected neighbors—the former Warwick Apartments and the Rittenhouse Coffee shop—would have been felled as well.
But after a storm of protest, Southern Land agreed to rehabilitate and make use of the other two buildings in partnership with Project HOME—turning them into an affordable housing complex.
The Preservation Alliance of Greater Philadelphia did not oppose the hardship application for the remaining building.
Instead resistance to the proposal came from David Traub of Save Our Sites and from a handful of Rittenhouse residents.
“On Jewelers’ Row we rightly lament that the buildings weren’t designated, but here on Warwick Row we are demolishing a designated building,” said Traub. “Oliver Bair is just one small building, but old and historic Philadelphia is being chipped away at one building at a time.”
The structural engineers retained by Southern Land testified that the building, especially the interior, is in worse condition that the other two historically protected buildings on the block. He said the brick is soft and that clay can be scooped from the wall by the handful.
The CEO of Southern Land, Timothy Downey, expressed sympathy with Traub’s aims. But his earlier commitment to the Warwick and Rittenhouse Coffee shop already seemed to be spiraling.
“I’ve learned that I need to be a lot more careful what I promise in the future,” said Downey. “I’m going to do that, I’m going to keep my promise. It’s just never-ended, how much more and more it’s costing to save that [the Warwick Apartments].”
Much of the hearing echoed the presentations at the February meeting of the hardship committee. However, outspoken preservationist Oscar Beisert hadn’t been in attendance of that hearing.
At Friday’s meeting Besiert stressed that he didn’t oppose the project, but he questioned why the façade of the Bair building couldn’t be preserved.
Downey said that such an action would be impossible because the of the bricks’ advanced state of deterioration. He said that he just couldn’t make the commitment. After asking Downey about his opinion on a facadectomy, the Historical Commission didn’t seek to press the issue further.
“I’m not opposed to this project and I understand the need to demolish almost the entire building, but the things I hear in this room I feel like some people have maybe never left Philadelphia,” said Beisert. “If I could give you a tour of DC, or Louisville, saving the façade of a building is standard. A very common practice, it’s done everywhere else. I’ve seen 8 story facades in DC preserved in areas with less economic viability than this.”
Facadectomies are undertaken periodically in Philadelphia—currently the Royal Theater is meant to undergo such a procedure—but they are not that common.
After hearing from Sowell of Real Estate Strategies, who the historical commission retained as a consultant, the commission voted and quickly approved Southern Land Company’s hardship appeal.
After the closure of the case, Beisert expressed his disillusionment.
“What’s the point of designating anything if this can happen in one of the wealthiest neighborhoods in the city,” he said. “It [the outcome] was already decided before the meeting.”
Afterwards the First Mennonite Church of Philadelphia at 509-13 Diamond Street and the St. John German Evangelical Church Lutheran Church at 516 Wharton were both added to the local historic register. Sacks Playground at 400 Washington Avenue and the statue of Christopher Columbus in Marconi Plaza were as well. | <urn:uuid:01d9c4e1-a467-47d1-9da9-0002e614b0bf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://whyy.org/articles/historic-oliver-h-bair-funeral-home-to-be-demolished-for-rittenhouse-tower/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.955429 | 964 | 2.125 | 2 |
Roddy Scheer & Doug Moss
Walking into your kitchen to make dinner appears relatively simple with a gas-powered stove readily available to cook your every desire. But while rotating the switch to turn on a gas stove, most people do not consider its health and environmental implications. According to a University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) report, over 90 percent of gas-powered appliances in California residences emit toxic pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter and formaldehyde.
While gas furnaces and water heaters are big polluters no doubt, most of them are vented outdoors and are thus sending their CO and NOx emissions outside. But pollution from stoves and ovens are released indoors. The UCLA researchers found that in nine out of ten residences surveyed where gas ovens or stoves were in use, peak levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) inside the kitchen after cooking for one hour surpassed both state and national outdoor acute air quality standards. Such high concentrations of indoor air pollution are even more dangerous for smaller households—peak levels of NO2 in 98 percent of apartments surveyed exceeded state and national air quality standards.
Such pollution from gas-fired appliances like furnaces, water heaters and stoves present a serious health threat, increasing the likelihood of respiratory illness, cardiovascular disease and premature death. For the elderly and children who are more susceptible to infections and diseases, elevated NO2 levels can be especially toxic. Additional risks of cooking with gas include increased risk of lung disease and vulnerability to novel viruses, not to mention the prompting of new allergies. Children risk a decreased IQ, learning deficits and asthma. In fact, a 2013 report analyzing the impacts of indoor NO2 from gas stoves found that children who grew up in a home with a gas stove are 42 percent more likely to develop asthma than those who didn’t.
Gas stoves are also a source of carbon monoxide, a pollution that is fatal at extremely high concentrations and can cause headaches, dizziness, vomiting and nausea. Though morbidity linked to accidental CO is quite low, frequent exposure can increase the risk of lethal heart disease.
To avoid such health and environmental setbacks, gas appliances can be replaced by any number of zero-emission electric alternatives. The most common and effective stoves to replace gas stoves are induction cooktops and modern electric stoves. Electric stoves are powered by thermal conduction whereby electricity runs through a set of coils; induction cooktops are powered by electromagnetic currents that directly heat the cookware. Though initial installation costs of electric or induction stoves can be quite high, they consume much less energy than gas stoves and thus are more cost-effective in the long run.
CONTACTS: Health Effects from Gas Stove Pollution, psr.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/health-effects-from-gas-stove-pollution.pdf; Pollution from Gas Appliances Endangers Our Health. Going Electric Can Help, sierraclub.org/articles/2020/05/cooking-gas-hurts-your-wallet-and-your-health; Gas Stoves: Health and Air Quality Impacts and Solutions, rmi.org/insight/gas-stoves-pollution-health.
EarthTalk® is produced by Roddy Scheer & Doug Moss for the 501(c)3 nonprofit EarthTalk. See more at https://emagazine.com. To donate, visit https//earthtalk.org. Send questions to: email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:c813c81b-915b-40f2-bca6-24c77bf22fc9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://el-observador.com/2021/11/05/earthtalk-qa-electric-stove-revolution/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.927728 | 739 | 3.25 | 3 |
Breast cancer survivor offers wisdom at Faulkner satellite center
Call 877-422-3324 today to make an appointment
Make your appointment or second opinion with Dana-Farber today to meet with an onsite specialist.
Can’t get to Boston? Explore our Online Second Opinion service to get expert advice from Dana-Farber oncologists.
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Discover the ways to give and how to get involved to support Dana-Farber.
Poet Richard Fox gains insight – and material – through cancer treatment
A family faces cancer in an unfamiliar city – with help
Choosing mastectomy or not: Studying young women's surgical choices
Jeff's targeted therapy has kept his advanced lung cancer at bay.
Scientists at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute report they have blocked
the development of prostate tumors in cancer-prone mice by knocking out a
molecular unit they described as a "powerhouse" that drives runaway
In an article that is being published as an advanced online
publication by the journal Nature, the researchers said the
growth-stimulating molecule called p110beta – part of a cellular
signaling network disrupted in several common cancers – is a promising
target for novel cancer therapies designed to shut it down. Lead
authors of the report are Shidong Jia, MD, PhD, Zhenning Liu, PhD, Sen
Zhang PhD, and Pixu Liu, MD, PhD.
The p110beta molecule and a counterpart, p110alpha, are "isoforms" –
slightly different forms – of an enzyme called PI(3)K that is an intense
focus of cancer research and drug development. PI(3)K is the linchpin
of a cell-signal pathway that responds to growth factor signals from
outside the cell.
When activated by growth factor receptors, PI(3)K turns on a cascade
of genes and proteins that drives cells to divide and grow. The
molecular accelerator is normally kept under control by a
tumor-suppressor protein, PTEN, which acts like a brake to curb excess
cell growth that could lead to cancer.
Mutations that inactivate PTEN – in effect releasing the brake on
growth signals – are found in a significant proportion of prostate,
breast and brain tumors. The senior authors of the new report, Jean Zhao, PhD, and Thomas Roberts, PhD, previously showed that blocking
p110alpha protein inhibits cancerous growth induced by various
cancer-causing proteins, such as Her2 and EGFR. With that knowledge in
hand, the researchers, in collaboration with pharmaceutical companies,
are developing p110alpha blockers.
P110beta, by contrast, was thought to be a relatively insignificant
player in tumors. However, "the surprise in this paper is that p110beta
has been found to be a bigger player than p110alpha in tumors that
result from PTEN loss," noted Zhao. "Now the drug companies, which have
been focusing on p110alpha, will have to think about making p110beta
inhibitors as well."
Both forms of the p110 molecule have dual tasks: they are involved in
responding to insulin signals – a metabolic function – as well as
relaying growth signals from outside the cell. But the importance of
110beta had been vastly underestimated, the researchers said, for
reasons they don’t entirely understand.
"We knew that when cells are stimulated with growth factor signals,
the activity of p110alpha, but not p110beta, rises rapidly and sharply
in triggering excess cell growth," Zhao said. "We speculate that 110beta
may be providing a low-level but steady growth stimulus and when PTEN
is lost, it becomes an important source of cell proliferation signals."
The new findings stem from experiments in which the scientists
disabled the p110beta protein in mice as a way of exploring its normal
functions. In one of the experiments, the researchers "knocked out"
p110beta in mice that also lacked the PTEN tumor suppressor protein and
were therefore highly prone to prostate cancer. Mice that lacked PTEN
but had functioning p110beta proteins all developed early prostate
cancers by 12 weeks of age. In contrast, the "knockout" mice with no
p110beta function remained free of prostate cancer even though the PTEN
"brake" had been disabled.
The scientists concluded, as a result, that p110beta becomes a
"powerhouse" to drive cancerous cell growth when PTEN function is
In light of the new findings, there is likely to be great interest in
finding drugs or other tools to block the p110beta protein in cancers
where mutations in PTEN have unleashed the overactive growth signals,
said Zhao, who is also an assistant professor of surgery at Harvard
The task is made somewhat easier, said Roberts, by the fact that "we
know what the inhibitor should look like because of our work on
Roberts, who is also a professor of pathology at Harvard Medical
School, said that drugs designed to block the p110alpha form are on
their way to clinical testing, but he could not predict when p110beta
inhibitors might become available for clinical testing.
The research was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health and the Department of Defense for Cancer Research.
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (www.dana-farber.org) is a principal
teaching affiliate of the Harvard Medical School and is among the
leading cancer research and care centers in the United States. It is a
founding member of the Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center (DF/HCC),
designated a comprehensive cancer center by the National Cancer | <urn:uuid:7dcc58d4-5a94-442d-8985-f373eed8a98a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dana-farber.org/Newsroom/News-Releases/Researchers-identify-promising-cancer-drug-target-in-prostate-tumors.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00141-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942954 | 1,221 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Separate names with a comma.
Discussion in 'Politics' started by Shiloh, Mar 25, 2006.
Just wondering if anyone was going seal hunting today?
Seals are hard to find here in Texas.
How is seal meat? Can you cook it over charcoal?
Din't know, I would assume it would be a little greasy. We have a lot of them in Maine but not the millions they have up north. I wouldn't mind bopping a few for the skins. I would like one of them little white ones and use the hide for a Bible cover.
Oh Shiloh, you're asking for it huh?
I am already sealed. Don't need to go hunting for one.
This was moved from "CURRENT EVENTS" TO "POLITICS"?
Seal meat was a staple at one time in both Newfoundland and Labrador and all that coastal area. To-day, it is mainly the pelts that provide vital income for the native peoples.
Further, seals consume a tremendous number of the fish vital to the fishing industry, which again provides a living for many people, just as do the factories and plants on the mainland.
As to clubbing the seals. The ocean ice is flat, and just imagine how many humans would die if guns were used. Besides, the gun shots would have an effect on the ice floor and many would likely drown.
The do-gooders like to show the blood pools on the ice, but few of them show concern for all the blood and guts on the floor of an abattoir that supplies their steaks, hamburgers and other so-called domestic foods. Animals that were once killed by a blunt force to the head and throats cut.
Then, most of these protestors are veggies. The fact of the abattoirs (slaughterhouses) remains, animals are brutally slaughtered.
At least these people are not in another country shooting people.
HSUS Statement Following Start of 2006 Canadian Seal Hunt
March 25, 2006
CHARLOTTETOWN, P.E.I. - The Humane Society of the United States has issued the following statement from Rebecca Aldworth, director of Canadian Wildlife Issues:
"Starting at dawn today, boats carrying hundreds of seal hunters converged in the waters of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Over the past few days, the Protect Seals team has searched the entire Gulf for the harp seal nursery, but failed to find it. The few seal pups we've seen cling to the scattered, tiny pans of ice that remain across the ocean. Scientists fear many of the harp seals born this year would have drowned as the ice cover melted from under them before they were old enough to swim proficiently.
Now, the few surviving baby seals we've watched for the last several days are being killed as Canada's gruesome seal hunt begins again. Over the next few weeks, sealers will attempt to locate, club and shoot to death thousands more baby seals - totaling well over 300,000 if they get their way.
The hunt is inhumane and cruel. Veterinary studies have shown that humane killing guidelines are not enforced and in many cases seals are skinned while conscious. Each year, parliamentarians, journalists and animal welfare observers report incredible cruelty at the hunt, including dragging conscious seals across the ice with boathooks, shooting seals and leaving them to suffer in agony and skinning seals alive.
Today's killing levels meet and even exceed those of the 1950's and 60's, when close to two-thirds of the harp seal population was wiped out. Harp seals now face a double threat to their survival - the impacts of climate change and historic high levels of commercial hunting.
Together with a powerful alliance of like-minded organizations, The HSUS is calling for a boycott of all Canadian seafood. Almost three-quarters of Canadian seafood is exported to the United States each year, contributing nearly $3 billion for the Canadian economy annually. This dwarfs the few million dollars brought in by the seal hunt each year. Already more than 400 seafood wholesalers, restaurants and grocery chains - and more than 220,000 individuals - have pledged to eliminate or reduce their sales of Canadian seafood until the seal hunt is stopped for good. We believe the Canadian fishing industry will soon see that the price of an international seafood boycott is not worth continuing this cruel commercial seal hunt."
The United States should be as concerned about the people they are killing in foreign countries, and the people being killed in their own country before they shove their mouths into other sovereign countries.
If you know of any government-sanctioned activity, in this or other countries, which calls for the clubbing and skinning-alive of any person, please share it with us.
I would be happy to condemn that along with this practice.
We can't make the Canadians stop this barbaric practice.
But neither can you make Americans buy Canadian seafood from that area.
Eventually, we may find out which Canadians value more - continuing this barbaric practice or selling their seafood to Americans.
Canadians value Canada and we are getting tired of Americans trying to rule every corner of this earth, except their own country. Learn to keep your mouths shut and stop interfereing in sovereign countries before you clean up your own act.
You yelled at us when we had one mad cow case and yet covered up, who knows how many cases, in the USA. We didn't impose imbargos on the USA, but you sure delighted in bankrupting 1000's of farmers in Canada with your self-righteous finger-pointing. We are getting tired of it. Wake up and realize why Americans are hated around the world.
Clean up your own act. Stop sending the pollution across the border from the Ohio area into Ontario daily. Clean up your own streets, before you send the brooms to our streets. Control your own children steeped in drugs before you correct our children. In plain English, start to mind your own business. You haven't a clue what you are ranting about with regards to the seal hunt, and neither does your Humane Society.
In short, don't be so miopic and start looking around home. When you get that right, we might start listening.
You just stay at home and mind your own business and we will worry about how we market our produce,,,,but remember, it does work both ways.
I think that the U.S. government overreacted in that mad cow case.
Actually HSUS does know what it is talking about on this issue. That you refuse to recognize the truth doesn't change it, Jim.
"This year Italy and Mexico passed legislation to ban the importation of seal products. Belgium, UK and the Netherlands are all considering legislation to ban seal products. The U.S. also prohibits the importation of seal products."
I guess that you have a problem with Italy, Mexico, Begium, the UK, and the Netherlands, also, Jim. Maybe you will rant about these countries as well.
Global warming is the real deal. The debate is over on that one. Alot of polar bears will perish
and other animals in the immediate region ..we should be all working together to preserve our wildlife and what is left of it...we are the cause of this global shift because of the burning of billions of tons of fossil fuels.
I know we had this debate last year about the seal hunt and KenH took quite a bashing but you would think the Canadian government would see
to intervene to help people economically instead allowing the bashing of seal pups heads in ...the hunter and the hunted may very well be both in danger with thinning ice and melting ice
in the not so distant future.
Jim what you say is true it seems as if the bush culture has been a bull in a china closet instead of using wisdom...he has hurt our nation
for years to come and will leave the Iraq war to another President to use his or her wisdom to clean up his mess.(bushs track record is messes)
But one thing is for sure we will have to work together when it comes to global warming and solving the great challenge of preserving things that give us joy like our wildlife and bueatiful
The Weather has no borders.
from the BBC
'Shut the hunt'
The head of the International Fund for Animal Welfare (Ifaw), Fred O'Regan, said in a statement that the cull was a "cruel hunt for products that nobody needs".
"Canada is better than this. It's time for the new Canadian government to shut down the seal hunt," he said.
Ifaw has asked the Canadian government to cancel this year's hunt due to poor ice conditions, which it says means many pups will drown anyway.
Sir Paul and Heather McCartney, who visited the region earlier this month to protest against the cull, made a last-minute video appeal.
"We are absolutely committed to making sure this is the last slaughter of baby seals in Canada anyone will ever have to witness," Sir Paul said.
They urged Canada to consider a "win-win" plan to end the hunt while compensating fishermen for lost revenue.
Celebrity campaigner Brigitte Bardot also asked the Canadian government to halt the cull earlier this week.
"Canada is a rich country. It doesn't need to sell skin, oil, fat and powdered seal penises to make aphrodisiacs for countries in Asia... You cannot continue a genocide of animals like this," the 71-year-old actress said.
But Mr Harper, who refused a request to meet Bardot, dismissed the suggestion.
"We don't harvest the pups," he said, referring to a 1987 ban on the killing of newborn seals with white coats pictured in many anti-hunt posters.
"Unfortunately, we're to some degree the victim of a bit of an international propaganda campaign... We believe the country is acting responsibly and we'll make sure all rules are enforced."
"Canada is a rich country. It doesn't need to sell skin, oil, fat and powdered seal penises to make aphrodisiacs for countries in Asia... You cannot continue a genocide of animals like this," the 71-year-old actress said."
For as long as this "genocide" has been going on one would think all the seals would be long gone by now. The fact that they keep having the hunt every year tells me it isn't genocide. I agree with Jim, if it happens in Canada it's up to Canadians to decide on. We should pay more attention to cleaning up our own messes and we don't need a bunch of foreigners and internationalists from the UN telling Americans how to run our country or do business either.
That's what sovereignty is all about, telling other countries and non elected global bureaucracies to butt out of our business and mind their own.
I personally don't give a flip what Sir Paul and Heather McCartney think! If Canada wants to kill seals let them kill seals.
Part of the uproar is the simple fact that baby seals look like that. They are fat and oh-so-cute.
Gallagher once had a joke where he said something like, "We can drop live lobsters into boiling water, but not puppies"
No, humans do not need animals (only) for their pelts anymore. But what of the aforementioned predator/prey problem? If a rancher can shoot coyotes and foxes to protect his livelihood, why can't fishermen do the same thing? | <urn:uuid:d9a0e7d5-ec91-40bc-9af5-00dde4774b02> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.baptistboard.com/threads/canada-seal-hunt-today.9671/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00007-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968348 | 2,380 | 1.609375 | 2 |
|Presently Joes Dreyfus
Store Restaurant is closed
We Hope to Announce A ReOpening Date Soon
With sweet tooth and hunger dimming hopes that peddling cookies on a soon to develop street corner in New York City was leading to fame and fortune; newly arrived young Theodore Dreyfus, an 1880s immigrant from Mannheim, Germany, sought employment with New Orleans cousins and was sent to provide "New Management" for a profit challenged Company Store located some 160 miles upriver from New Orleans on Scenic Bayou Grosse Tete in remote and newly bustling Pointe Coupee Parish. Cousins Gumble & Mayer were land developers, business owners and large planters who acquired the store, and some surrounding land and plantations shortly after the Civil War.
With Theo as the manager and bayous the main arteries of commerce (roads were very poor) and with the New Orleans to Canada Highway following the bayou and passing in front; the store soon attracted customers for miles around and became a focal point for friends and acquaintances to shop for provisions (the store carried everything from coffee, clothes, groceries and hardware to caskets), exchange news, and enjoy a social outing.
In 1902 Theodore purchased the business from his cousins and with the help of his wife, children, and several clerks continued to build a bustling enterprise that soon included an apothecary (pharmacy), the local Doctor's Office and the local Post Office. In 1925 a devastating fire leveled the original building which was then rebuilt to approximately its present state with some modifications and additions through the years. Until 1988 it was operated by third and fourth generations of the Dreyfus family and was one of the oldest Single Family owned businesses in the State of Louisiana.
In 1989 Joe and Diane
Major, Restaurateurs Extraordinaire and owners of
the renowned Red Barn Restaurant leased the store
building and chose to retain the DREYFUS STORE
name, ambience, and good will. They wanted the
DREYFUS STORE to continue to symbolize warmth and
welcome. At this time the DREYFUS STORE became
JOE'S DREYFUS STORE RESTAURANT.
In the late summer of
2004, the Majors retired and the Lasseigne
Family, Trent, Susan and Chloe of Carencro,
Louisiana continued the Rich Traditions, Famous
Cooking, and Extraordinarily
Good and Downhome Friendly Service of the Dreyfus
and Major Families. 2008 - 2012 Bobby Webber and
his sister, Linda Webber Ducote continued to serve
the Superb, Fresh and Extremely Tasty South
Louisiana dishes JOE'S
DREYFUS STORE RESTAURANT and LOUISIANA are Famous
For at very affordable | <urn:uuid:ce74cdb3-6bf5-4394-92ab-1c4f8055737d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://joesdreyfusstorerestaurant.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719416.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00363-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952119 | 587 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Israeli media have reported that Tel Aviv and the Palestinian Authority (PA) have discussed building an artificial island along the Gaza Strip.
The proposed plan is reportedly estimated at US$ 9.94 billion.
Israel’s transport minister, Yisrael Katz, says the plan had been under consideration for many months and had been encouraged by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who has approved the cost of construction, the daily Guardian quoted Israeli media as reporting on Wednesday.
The Gaza Strip has no sea port and its airport was destroyed by the Israeli bombardments.
Tel Aviv has asked Acting PA chief, Mahmoud Abbas, to administer the island.
The project seeks to isolate Palestinian Resistance Movement, Hamas, which controls the Gaza Strip. The coastal area has been effectively cut off from the West Bank run by Mahmoud Abbas.
And the Gaza Strip itself has been under an all-out land, aerial and naval Israeli blockade since 2007, when Hamas, the democratically elected ruler of Gaza, took control of the coastal sliver.
Meanwhile, environmentalists and Palestinian officials have described the venture as “fantasy” and “madness,” and accused the minister of political opportunism. | <urn:uuid:3e4d22ee-8b88-4d16-b062-a0ffbba93d77> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.palestinechronicle.com/israel-plans-artificial-island-off-gaza/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.971162 | 244 | 1.804688 | 2 |
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The End-Game and The Illusory Gold Bubble
Darryl Robert Schoon
Midway through 2010 we are approaching the end of the end-game, the resolution of the monetary imbalances that began in 1971. For more than 2500 years, gold was money: but, in 1971 that changed. After 1971, money was no longer connected to gold. For the first time in history, money had no intrinsic value.
After the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1945 until 1971, the world’s currencies were anchored to the US dollar which was convertible to gold. Thus, directly or indirectly, all currencies could be exchanged for gold; but on August 15,1971 the US cut the ties between the US dollar and gold; and all currencies became fiat.
THE BEGINNING OF THE END-GAME
The cutting of ties between money and gold set in motion the extreme monetary instability that was to characterize the 1970s. In 1960, the US prime rate was 5 %. At the end of the decade, the rate was 6.75 %. But when money became fiat in 1971, US rates became extremely volatile, vacillating between 4.50 % and 21.50 % during the next ten years.
In my article America at the Crossroads and the War on Gold, I pointed out the role of former Fed chairman Paul Volcker in destabilizing the monetary system. Believed by most to be a “hard-money hero”, Volcker was, in fact, the very opposite.
Volcker, as under-secretary of the Treasury in 1971, played a critical - and largely unknown role - in the removal of gold from the international monetary system and is therefore responsible for much of the monetary chaos which has since ensued:
From 1969 to 1974 Mr. Volcker served as under-secretary of the Treasury for international monetary affairs. He played an important role in the decisions leading to the U.S. suspension of gold convertibility in 1971, which resulted in the collapse of the Bretton Woods system. read here.
Appointed as Chairman of the Federal Reserve by President Carter in 1979, Volcker was at the helm when inflationary forces he had earlier unleashed almost destroyed the US economy in 1979-1981.
Volcker’s draconian raising of interests rates in 1980 was necessary to quell the inflationary fires he had lit in 1971; and although successful, Volcker’s role is not dissimilar from others who put out fires they themselves start.
THE END-GAME ACCELERATES
While it was Paul Volcker who set the end-game in motion, it was Alan Greenspan, his successor at the Fed, who would greatly accelerate the process by putting US financial markets beyond the reach of government regulators.
Volcker was replaced by Greenspan as Fed Chairman because Volcker wouldn’t dismantle existing financial regulations as desired by the Reagan White House and Wall Street investment banks. As Nobel Prize winner Joseph Stiglitz later explained:
In Alan Greenspan, Wall Street got the Fed chairman they wanted, someone who would provide them with an unending flow of central bank credit and who would turn a blind eye as to what they would do with it. Alan Greenspan was Wall Street’s wet dream come true.
During his 19 year tenure as Fed Chairman, Alan Greenspan ushered in an era of loose credit producing massive profits for Wall Street along with two of the largest bubbles in history, the US dot.com and US real estate bubbles.
Greenspan with consummate political timing resigned as Fed Chairman just before his extraordinary credit bubble collapsed. However, a third, even larger bubble which Greenspan nurtured, still has yet to burst. This is the government bond bubble, by far now the largest bubble in history
The enormous government bond bubble was “Fed” by the excessive issuance of credit made possible by the removal of gold from the monetary system, thereby allowing governments to freely borrow what they had just printed.
Once Volcker controlled the fires of runaway inflation in 1980/1981, the issuance of government credit and debt exploded upwards under Greenspan’s tenured aegis at the Federal Reserve.
This soon-to-be fatal rise in US debt would not have been possible had the US dollar been tied to gold. This is why both bankers and governments who profit and live by debt oppose a return to the gold standard or any attempt to again tie their currencies to gold.
…a gold standard and a redeemable currency…enables a people to keep the government and banks in check. It prevents currency expansion from getting ever farther out of bounds until it becomes worthless…
Professor Walter E. Spahr, Chairman of the Department of Economics, NYU, 1927-1956
Banker John Exter, present when Volcker cut the ties between the US dollar and gold, later commented on the consequences of Volcker’s historic decision: The final link between the dollar and gold was broken. The dollar became nothing more than a fiat currency and the Fed [and especially the banks] were then free to continue monetary expansion at will. The result..was a massive explosion of debt
Today, the debt is due and owing and repayment is increasingly in doubt. Economics isn’t rocket science. It’s cause and effect and since the introduction of debt-based money, the primary cause of economic expansion has been credit.
The consequence of credit is its deadly effluvia, debt; and when the issuance of credit can no longer service or roll-over constantly compounding debt, parcus nex, economic death, otherwise known as the end game, ensues.
The enormous amount of government debt - total sovereign debt now totals $34 trillion dollars - can never be repaid. The end of the end-game will come when investors collectively realize this is so. That realization has not yet happened. When it does, for most it will be too late.
THE ILLUSORY GOLD BUBBLE
Some believe gold is a bubble. It is not. The price of gold, however, tracks a bubble and that is why it is mistaken for one.
WHICH ONE’S THE BUBBLE?
The real bubble is government debt, not gold. Government debt is a bubble that hasn’t yet burst; one that has grown even more rapidly in the last two years as almost all nations went far deeper into debt after the 2007/2008 global collapse.
..sovereign debts grew by almost 30% in just two years. Sovereigns became the majority of worldwide debt. Several countries doubled their debts from 2007 to 2009 (BIS data) read here.
This recent meteoric rise in government debt has been matched by a corresponding rise in the price of gold. When government borrowing rose after 2007, the price of gold also rose, from $700 to $1200 per ounce, almost precisely tracking the rise in government debt.
(Click on image to enlarge)
…the ballooning size of the US Treasury’s debt, which hit a record $12.8-trillion last month, has been a steady linchpin supporting the historic rally in the gold market over the past decade. As a general rule of thumb, every $1- trillion of fresh debt issued by the Treasury equates with a $125 /ounce increase in the price of gold. As long as the Fed and G-20 central banks continue to peg ultra-low interest rates, - and G-20 governments continue to flood the debt markets with huge quantities of IOU’s, - it translates into monetization, and the trajectory for the gold market would stay bullish. www.sirchartsalot.com
When the government debt bubble bursts - and it will - gold will not collapse as will bonds and other paper IOUs. When it happens, the collateral damage to the US dollar and fiat currencies may well be fatal and the price of gold - the only safe haven in such times - will explode upwards.
The recently revealed Bank of International Settlement 382 ton gold swap is evidence of gold’s value in such times. Hinted at by Julian D.W. Phillips in his insightful article, Gold Is Back As Money, Michael J. Kosares connected the dots in his post, BIS Swap Signifies A Threat To Europe, Not To Gold, by pointing out that the swap was probably conducted with Portugal.
Portugal, whose gold reserves equal (or rather equaled) 382 tons, badly needs to refinance its debt and when investors no longer trust sovereign bonds, gold is far more preferable as collateral than a government’s promise to repay.
Note: In the swap, the BIS most likely used commercial banks as intermediaries in order to disguise central bank use of gold as financial collateral.
The European debt crisis marks the beginning of the end of the government debt bubble. Only a false sense of confidence is now supporting sovereign bond markets. In the spring of 2010 that confidence was shaken; and, someday, it will disappear entirely.
We live in interesting times. We are in the end-game.
Buy gold, buy silver, have faith.
About Darryl Robert Schoon
In college, I majored in political science with a focus on East Asia (B.A. University of California at Davis, 1966). My in-depth study of economics did not occur until much later.
In the 1990s, I became curious about the Great Depression and in the course of my study, I realized that most of my preconceptions about money and the economy were just that - preconceptions. I, like most others, did not really understand the nature of money and the economy. Now, I have some insights and answers about these critical matters.
In October 2005, Marshall Thurber, a close friend from law school convened The Positive Deviant Network (the PDN), a group of individuals whom Marshall believed to be "out-of-the-box" thinkers and I was asked to join. The PDN became a major catalyst in my writings on economic issues.
When I discovered others in the PDN shared my concerns about the US economy, I began writing down my thoughts. In March 2007 I presented my findings to the Positive Deviant Network in the form of an in-depth 148-page analysis, "How to Survive the Crisis and Prosper In The Process."
The reception to my presentation, though controversial, generated a significant amount of interest; and in May 2007, "How To Survive The Crisis And Prosper In The Process" was made available at www.survivethecrisis.com and I began writing articles on economic issues.
The interest in the book and my writings has been gratifying. During its first two months, www.survivethecrisis.com was accessed by over 10,000 viewers from 93 countries. Clearly, we had struck a chord and www.drschoon.com, has been created to address this interest. | <urn:uuid:02a3dbad-a516-496d-b58d-e4dc79d90ee5> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.321gold.com/editorials/schoon/schoon071410.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720238.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00190-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961708 | 2,259 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Apple bans apps from the App Store all the time, for a variety of reasons. Most of the time, it’s because they think the app is pornographic, even if it totally isn’t, although occasionally, it’s because developers have hidden some functionality in an app that violates Apple’s EULA.
One thing we’re not used to seeing Apple ban apps for, though, is the mere fact that the app’s subject matter has made Cupertino uncomfortable… but that is seemingly what happened with Sweatshop HD, a game created by a BAFTA-winning studio that aims to raise awareness about where our products come from.
Sweatshop HD was made by creative studio Littleloud, and it’s a tower-defense style game in which you aren’t tasked with repelling an invading force, but running a clothing sweatshop, complete with underpaid or underaged workers.
Geek.com describes the gameplay this way:
Over its 30 levels the player has to deal with ever larger orders, more types of products to make, but also problems like fires, no toilets, unions, and employees getting tired or ill. It’s realistic because the choice of what to do–look after the workers or complete the orders–falls to the player, and hopefully teaches them the difficulties in balancing the two in the process.
Here’s some video of the gameplay:
According to the developers, though, Apple ended up pulling the game recently because they were uncomfortable with the subject matter.
Littleloud told Pocket Gamer that “Apple removed Sweatshop from the App Store last month stating that it was uncomfortable selling a game based around the theme of running a sweatshop.”
“Apple specifically cited references in the game to clothing factory managers ‘blocking fire escapes’, ‘increasing work hours for labour’, and issues around the child labour as reasons why the game was unsuitable for sale.”
“Littleloud amended the app to clarify that Sweatshop is a work of fiction and was created with the fact-checking input of charity Labor Behind the Label, and to emphasise that the game doesn’t force players to play the game in one way or another. Rather, Sweatshop is a sympathetic examination of the pressures that all participants in the sweatshop system endure.”
“Sadly, these clarifications and changes weren’t enough to see the game reinstated for sale.”
The particular clause in the Developer’s Agreement that Apple is citing here is clause 16.1, which says that “Apps that present excessively objectionable or crude content will be rejected.”
That’s an aggressively vague clause, of course, and the wording is designed to give Apple a lot of leeway in banning apps.
In this case, it’s easy to see why Apple might find a game about running a sweatshop as being “objectionable.” Apple’s supply chain has consistently been labeled as a series of sweatshops, and even the CEO of Apple’s biggest manufacturing partner Foxconn has said “there’s nothing wrong with sweatshops.” This is a sore spot for Apple.
The problem as I see it is that an app developer can’t determine whether or not an app will be considered “objectionable.” Something isn’t objectionable because of intent, but because of perception. In Sweatshop HD’s case, what is in fact a tasteful commentary aiming to raise awareness of modern-day manufacturing commissions through bright, addictive gameplay mechanics — in other words, an artistic statement — is being banned because Apple seemingly doesn’t want that awareness being raised.
This position is frankly at odds with Apple’s recent work to improve working conditions at its factories overseas, and their committment to transparency in reporting violations they find in their supply chain. It makes Apple look like it wants to hide the truth about the way iPhones are made, when the opposite is true.
Apple should reverse this decision, if only because of how at odds it is with the company’s committment to raising conditions in and being transparent about their supply chain.
Until they do, though, you won’t find Sweatshop HD on the App Store. You can play the free online Flash version here. | <urn:uuid:90b2e861-ff9b-4abc-b50e-03495cfd6608> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cultofmac.com/220790/why-apples-reason-for-kicking-a-sweatshop-game-out-of-the-app-store-is-total-hypocrisy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00082-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959221 | 921 | 1.554688 | 2 |
In the name of an open dialogue on race, two sides of a divisive opinion try to come together in an online chat
Last month, Time.com posted a piece, “Dear Black Women: White Gays Are Your Allies, So Don’t Push Us Away,” by regular contributor Steve Friess responding to University of Mississippi student Sierra Mannie’s op-ed, “Dear White Gays: Stop Stealing Black Female Culture,” also published on Time.com.
The reaction to both pieces was explosive, proving how large the racial divide remains in America and how different the perspectives are of even well-intended people of both sides.
After engaging with his dissenters, Friess asked one of the women with whom he exchanged emails to have an on-the-record chat, in the name of an “open dialogue about race.” Courtney Jones-Stevens, a 26-year-old who recently earned a master’s degree in college student affairs administration from the University of Georgia.
Their conversation has been edited for space and approved by both parties.
* * *
SF: Good afternoon, Courtney. How are you?
CJS: I’m not feeling especially peaceful today in general considering what all has transpired in Missouri, but I’m ready for some insightful discourse.
SF: So is this a good time to have a dialogue on race relations in America?
CJS: It’s a good time for white allies to get into white communities and do some educating.
SF: Well, that’s a good segue to why we’re talking in the first place. I wrote a piece that I had hoped was a way of describing the commonalities between white gay men and black women and why we ought to be allies. I felt the original writer, Sierra Mannie, singled out a pretty small group of people—white gay men maybe make up one percent of all non-black people— for ridicule and attack.
SF: Please tell me as best you can what you found wrong about what I said.
CJS: I know the title set the tone as directive and patronizing.
SF: I agree the headline was specifically problematic. It was, however, written as a parallel to the title of Mannie’s piece. Do you see the reverse problem of tone and disrespect?
CJS: I do empathize. I can see parallels in the casting out of gay White men and Black women. But for many Black women, race and gender exists in a strange space. What resonated from Mannie’s piece was that, although you may not be one of them, there are plenty of gay White men who at least make attempts to emulate Black women. You felt she was speaking to you even though you say you aren’t one of those men, and that speaks volumes to how privilege works.
SF: The discussion of privilege is frustrating because black people don’t want their world views, worth or ideas boiled down or dismissed based on their color. Yes, I’m white. And male. And gay. And disabled. And Jewish. Why does my perspective become invalid because of some of my traits?
CJS: Not invalid, but you can never understand what it is to be Black in America, to be forever objectified and subjugated. Mannie didn’t come from a place of disdain but exhaustion. I cannot tell you how many experiences I’ve had with microaggressions, with decent white folks who assume things about me and approach me or respond to me accordingly.
SF: You say many white gay guys emulate black women. I don’t believe there are so many, but if there are some, so what? Anyone admiring and celebrating black female culture would seem like people who are not out to harm you.
CJS: Steve, if someone says, “X is offensive and it’s not taken as you might have intended,” and your objective is to forge an alliance, your respond cannot be, “So what?” Do you know how many times I get “Whaddup sistah girl?!” and my white counterparts get a simple, “Hello.” Or how many times I’ve been asked to teach someone how to twerk. It’s just exhausting. This is from white gay men in the work place, in bars and clubs, etc.
SF: You must understand that that sounds completely bizarre and alien to me. And most gay white men I know.
CJS: Maybe it’s regional. I doubt it is. In the South, using blackness and being adjacent to black things is a cash cow.
SF: Do white straight men do this?
CJS: Absolutely. Although from straight white men, it’s more of a sexual objectification and fetishizing.
SF: So it’s a white male thing. Why isolate a very small portion of white men, the gays, for attack? Mannie accuses white gay men who “act” too black-female of being cultural thieves.
CJS: Mannie called out some folks who’ve flown under the radar.
SF: So the sense is there’s been enough written about racist behavior coming from the white world in general and that her piece was about a subset, white gays, who hadn’t been called out?
CJS: Right. The racism that’s rampant in the LGBT community and the cultural appropriation that happens in that community goes unnoticed. Nobody has a problem with gays doing the “Single Ladies” choreography in the club with each other, but there comes a point where we enter territory in which we don’t belong.
SF: One of the great ironies is that I’ve been shopping an essay for more than a year in which I react to Andrew Sullivan and others who are just stunned—stunned— by the head-spinning advances toward gay acceptance. It’s really easy and obvious; white men and women have been so involved. Whites came while having been embedded or secretly on the inside of America’s levers of power. Look at the gay movement through the lens of privilege and it’s pretty easy to see why it has been so successful so fast.
CJS: Okay. This is good. As awful as it is to hide parts of your identity, gays can and have. And to climb to a position of power with whiteness and then come out, I can’t describe it, but I don’t have the luxury of doing it. Who I am, what people think about who I am, and how people treat me on a daily basis is always visible. And that’s what’s so disturbing about folks from all walks of life who pick parts of who I am to use for their own amusement or advancement and tuck those things away when they no longer need them.
SF: Are we trying to determine whose historic burden has been worse? Because going the first 20 years or so of your life in a family that might reject you like a foreign organ is not a way to prepare anyone for a happy life.
CJS: No. I don’t play that game.
SF: But aren’t we? When you or Mannie want to describe why being closeted and fearing everything dear to you could be ruined or taken from you if your identity is known is someone a luxury?
CJS: It would be a luxury to be seen as something other than my color and gender at the outset of every interaction.
SF: For most of my life, I wore gigantic hearing aids. People always treated me as though I was mentally impaired until they got to know me. Anyone with any physical deformity, too, knows how it feels to be judged on sight. It’s not just people of color.
CJS: Yes, but do the police follow you, stop you, frisk you? Do they assume you have a weapon and shoot you? Do you see that?
SF: Yes. I do. Just because I felt called to defend very nelly gay guys doesn’t mean I can’t see the difference.
CJS: Fair enough.
SF: During the firestorm that followed my piece, I was goaded by many people to explain what I had done for black women or what all gays had done. And any time I offered any answer, I was then attacked because that wasn’t good enough or people thought, “Oh, so just because you did this you think…” It was incredibly frustrating.
CJS: I’m trying to think of the best way to say this. It’s multi-pronged. There is never enough to do when a cause is still ongoing. And I am honestly sitting here trying to think of instances where gay White men have stood side by side with Black women in solidarity. I’m stumped. And that’s not to say that it never happens, but I’m at a loss for examples.
SF: Actually, several prominent gay groups and people have spoken out about the Michael Brown death. I just sent you a press release showing a statement from 17 major gay groups condemning the Ferguson police. Are you surprised by that?
CJS: I wouldn’t say surprised I am glad to see it. It is unexpected, but I wasn’t taken aback.
SF: The reaction of the gay community to this incident isn’t as novel as you think. Going back 20 years, I’ve seen gay organizations boycott states that passed anti-black or anti-Hispanic laws. There were columns in the gay press about what Trayvon Martin had to do with gay social justice. I want to believe that you’ve seen pro-gay writing in the black media as well that I’d never have known about. It doesn’t mean it doesn’t exist.
CJS: Right and because access to that isn’t as open as it should be, it’s easier to say it doesn’t exist. I guess I have to bear responsibility for not having looked. But, still, the euphoric alliance you wrote about does not exist, and I don’t know many people on either side making an effort to forge it.
SF We can’t solve this or even pretend to represent anyone more than ourselves, but I look at these two groups and I see a lot of commonality. And people were hectoring me, “What? What is there in common?” Do you see it?
CJS: Between white gay men and black women? It’s nothing I’ve ever even considered. I suppose it exists, but I’ve not had a chance to build many relationships on that foundation.
SF: Why? Surely the opportunity has presented itself.
CJS: It’s not an organic thing for me, honestly.
SF: That’s where I’m confused, because it is organic for me. And to say that sounds like I’m going, “some of my best friends are…”
CJS: I don’t feel like being a social justice educator in every single interaction, you know? Sometimes I just want to be. I know several gay white guys and I’ve built great relationships, but they weren’t based on shared experiences of oppression.
SF: Well, no. That’s not a basis, but it is something you learn about one another as you go through life.
CJS: Yes, for sure.
SF: So Mannie wrote from her experience. I wrote from mine. I live near Detroit, I’ve always had a very broad range of close friends not only of races but also of different ages. And because I see it that way, because I feel optimistic that people who get to know one another will like and want to help one another, I walked into a buzzsaw with this piece.
CJS: Yes, yes you did. Your piece seemed to come from a place where gay white men are extending the savior hand and helping us black girls come up from the depths as you all have done so swiftly.
SF: I didn’t mean it that way! I just saw two groups with a lot in common who should be encouraged to help one another. It feels like a delicate line.
CJS: It is. Absolutely.
SF: People of good intentions will step on (and in) it.
CJS: In a way, we have to walk on eggshells with each other until a foundation built on trust has been laid. I believe in treading lightly as a general rule because I never know what life experiences have altered someone’s perspective.
SF: But whenever I hear about the importance of having a “dialogue on race,” I wonder – who is supposed to do this? Who qualifies? How does anyone do it without causing controversy or being attacked? What does it even mean? If the only people who can do it are the people who know precisely how not to misspeak or those who are willing to just cede the entire argument to the other people, what good is it?
CJS: Opening a dialogue should go something like what took place with us. Neither of us started by attacking each other personally. We have very different epistemologies, but we built something before having this conversation.
SF: Take the election of Obama. No, it didn’t end racism. But it was something substantial that showed millions of white people can look beyond race.
CJS: No one wants white people to look beyond race.
SF: Wait. You don’t?
CJS: I want to be seen for who I am. I want my history to be understood. I want my cultural differences to be acknowledged and appreciated without being encroached upon or perverted.
SF: We’re going to need to wrap up. Do you have questions for me.
CJS: We were actually able to cover my questions. The dialogue delved into your thought process. That’s what I wanted to know more about.
SF: Well, let me be clear. My intent was not to issue marching orders. It was not to pretend to be a savior. It was to describe my own reality, the world I dwell in. Mine is as legitimate as that of Mannie’s. But I felt like I was describing ways of coming together and she was trying to divide groups.
CJS: You’re entitled to have a reaction. I genuinely believe in people’s reactions being shaped by their experiences. Much of the way we respond to things is shaded by what we know to be true based on the lives we lead.
SF: Also, I didn’t enjoy being run through the ringer on Twitter, but I couldn’t deny that many people were telling me something hard to hear. I tried to agree with some and explain my differences with others, and that got distorted and amplified. So after this comes out, I am going to try to keep my trap shut and observe regardless of how hurtful and dehumanizing much of the reaction can be there.
CJS: I’m definitely nervous about the response. I’m grateful for this opportunity, but nervous.
SF: Well, here’s a hint I learned a little bit too late: The “mute” button on Twitter is your friend. | <urn:uuid:11311274-31ce-475c-8f86-5848d0d1c028> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://time.com/3148567/white-gay-man-black-woman/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00277-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971209 | 3,282 | 1.804688 | 2 |
This is going to be another fun drawing tutorial for the day. This next animated character is fairly new on the Disney show list. In this next tutorial I will be showing you "how to draw Phineas and Ferb". The show is about two stepbrothers and the creation of their beyond the impossible adventures that they have in their own backyard during summer vacation. They are often picked on by their sister Candace who lives with the brothers. Although Phineas has to take a lot of crap from his big sister, he still remains to be very polite, unselfish or rude to anyone including his sister (at least sometimes). He is also described as being intelligent and creative. He also has a great desire to make summer as great as possible. So what he does is come up with ideas for unusual, exciting, and sometimes impossible activities that he usually does with Ferb. The show first aired in February of this year and has since become a success. It has become so popular in fact, Phineas and Ferb was nominated for an Emmy Award. I find the show awesome and funny and so does my twelve year old sister. She loves the show mainly because her all time favorite person happens to play the voice for Candace which is Ashley Tisdale who is also the girl that plays Sharpay from High School Musical. In this tutorial you will be learning "how to draw Phineas and Ferb", but you can also check out the other tutorial I have how to draw Phineas, either way it's your choice. I will soon be back with more so hang in there kiddies. | <urn:uuid:aa3961b7-a763-4166-9c3a-6ef55ded78fe> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.dragoart.com/tuts/868/1/1/how-to-draw-phineas-from-phineas-and-ferb.htm?cmID=3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720468.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00488-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.988373 | 329 | 1.789063 | 2 |
This is a painful week in the United States as we again confront the systemic racism that has plagued our country since its founding. Listening to the conversation on racism taking place right now in response to the recent violent deaths of African Americans is critical, and I encourage readers to hear what Black/African Americans are saying about their experiences.
NIH’s mission is to seek fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior of living systems and the application of that knowledge to enhance health, lengthen life, and reduce illness and disability. Science has told us repeatedly that systematic, widespread discrimination of Black/African-American people is diametrically opposed to these aims, and what’s more, it is unacceptable and wrong.
The long history of discrimination against racial minorities in America bears directly on NIDA’s mission to address addiction as a disease rather than a moral failing to be dealt with through punishment. Whites and Black/African Americans use drugs at similar rates, but it is overwhelmingly the latter group who are singled out for arrest and incarceration. This use of drug use and addiction as a lever to suppress people of a particular race has had devastating effects on communities of color.
We know that science itself is at its best when it is most inclusive, and humans are best when we embrace diversity. Conversations about systemic racial inequalities can be uncomfortable but are clearly needed. Entrenched, systemic, pervasive racism is perpetuated by silence, and we cannot let it continue. I look forward to working with the addiction science community – researchers, the medical community, law enforcement, advocates, policymakers, other stakeholders and the public – to eradicate discrimination and promote equality.
Nora D. Volkow, M.D. | <urn:uuid:89562c62-8bef-4b74-830d-d9d871643eec> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nida.nih.gov/comment/4224 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.957776 | 348 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Earlier today, Brafton reported that marketers are increasing their efforts to measure the ROI of social sites. Now, data included in comScore's 2010 Digital Year in Review indicates that social networking has become “an integral part of the fabric of the internet” that impacts a variety of consumers' online activities – and marketers should take note.
The report says that nine in 10 Americans visit social networks each month. This means marketers have a 90 percent chance of finding a relevant online audience through social channels.
Over the course of 2010, social network use has grown to the point that it now accounts for 15.6 percent of online time among consumers 15 years old and up. Last year, the average user spent more than 4 hours on social sites each month, and comScore suggests social networking will continue to gain momentum in 2011.
Although Brafton has reported that Yahoo sites proved the most visited properties on the web last year, comScore explains that Facebook.com accounts for the largest share of time spent online. The social site accounted for 10 percent of U.S. page views in 2010, and it has steadily gained share in terms of consumers' online time, rising from about 8 percent of online time in January of 2010 to 12.3 percent in December.
But the Digital Year in Review indicates that marketers should explore social platforms beyond Facebook in order to make the most of the channel. Familiar networks including Twitter and LinkedIn performed well last year, too. Twitter.com grew its audience by 18 percent in 2010, with 23.6 million unique visitors in December, and LinkedIn reached 26.6 million visitors in December 2010.
Moreover, marketers might want to be on the lookout for new and emerging social channels that offer growing audiences and early adopter advantages. For instance, comScore says Tumblr visitors surged 168 percent to 6.7 monthly visitors at the end of last year, and Formspring.me showed year-over-year growth of 1,000 percent, hitting 5.3 million visitors in December.
Another rising social channel marketers may want to watch is Quora. As Brafton reported, the Q&A site saw a significant rise in membership at the start of the new year, and just yesterday, we reported that the company has brought on a new product manager of former Facebook success. | <urn:uuid:396dea3d-0edf-4e7d-a120-ee97a1b64d27> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.brafton.com/news/comscore-nine-in-10-americans-visit-social-sites-each-month-800393454/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00448-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952339 | 470 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Practice & Procedures
In December 2012, the IRS issued proposed regulations (REG-130507-11) for the net investment income tax under Sec. 1411 that went into effect on Jan. 1, 2013. At the same time, the IRS released a list of frequently asked questions concerning the net investment income tax.
The new levy was created to help pay for health care reforms that were enacted in 2010. The rate is 3.8% of the lower of net investment income or the amount of modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) over specific thresholds. The key consideration, however, is what constitutes net investment income and which taxpayers are affected. Moreover, practitioners need to know what information they must obtain from clients to correctly compute the additional tax, and they need to be aware of common issues that may arise in computing the net investment income tax.
Only individuals with MAGI above the thresholds and certain estates and trusts are subject to the net investment income tax. Nonresident aliens and entities other than natural persons are not subject to the tax. The thresholds for individuals are: married filing jointly and qualifying surviving spouse, $250,000; married filing separately, $125,000; single and head of household, $200,000. The thresholds are not indexed for inflation. For most taxpayers, MAGI is the same as adjusted gross income (AGI). Excluded income and certain deductions under Sec. 911 of citizens or U.S. residents residing abroad are the only modifications to AGI for the net investment income tax calculation.
Estates and trusts with undistributed net investment income and AGI above the dollar amount at which the highest tax bracket for an estate or trust begins for that tax year are also subject to the net investment income tax. (For 2013, $11,950.) Exempt trusts include grantor trusts under Secs. 671–679, REITs and common trust funds, tax-exempt trusts under Secs. 501 and 664, and charitable trusts under Sec. 170(c)(2)(B).
Three defined categories of income are subject to the net investment income tax (Sec. 1411(c)):
- Category I: Gross income from interest, dividends, rents, royalties, and nonqualified annuities, other than such income derived in the ordinary course of a trade or business not described in Category II.
- Category II: Other gross income from businesses that trade financial instruments or commodities, and businesses that are passive activities within the meaning of Sec. 469.
- Category III: Net gain (to the extent taken into account in computing taxable income) attributable to the disposition of property, other than property held in a trade or business that is not described in Category II. Gains and losses from dispositions of trade or business property used in passive activities are included in calculating the net investment income tax.
To arrive at net investment income, investment income from these categories is reduced by investment expenses such as early-withdrawal penalties, interest expense, adviser fees, directly related rental and royalty expenses, and state and local taxes allocable to items included in investment income. Wages, self-employment income, unemployment compensation, business income from nonpassive sources, Social Security benefits, tax-exempt interest, and qualified pension, annuity, and individual retirement account distributions are excluded when calculating the net investment income tax.
Some real estate industry representatives and others have spread alarm, incorrectly, that the net investment income tax applies to all proceeds from sales of personal residences. As described in Category III, only the taxable portion of any gain from the sale of property, including a primary personal residence, is potentially subject to net investment income tax. Any gain excluded under the principal residence provisions under Sec. 121 is not considered net investment income. Since up to $250,000 of gain for single individuals and $500,000 for taxpayers filing jointly generally is exempt (if the ownership, use, and other requirements are met), many or most taxpayers are unaffected by the net investment income tax on the sale of their principal residences. However, gain attributable to depreciation adjustments (which cannot be excluded from income under Sec. 121(d)(6)) is included in net investment income. Gains from sales of second homes are subject to the tax. And, of course, the taxpayer must have MAGI exceeding the applicable threshold for the net investment income tax to apply.
Passive activities: With the inclusion of passive activity income in net investment income, it is even more critical that taxpayers properly identify their activities as passive or nonpassive and group them appropriately. Since the enactment of the net investment income tax, the IRS recognizes that previous groupings may no longer be appropriate. Therefore, in the first tax year beginning after Dec. 31, 2013, individual, estate, or trust taxpayers subject to the net investment income tax will be allowed a one-time “fresh start” for regrouping (Prop. Regs. Sec. 1.469-11(b)(3)(iv)). An individual, estate, or trust to which Sec. 1411 applies in a tax year beginning in 2013 may regroup activities in that tax year. Regroupings must comply with the rules in Rev. Proc. 2010-13 and Regs. Sec. 1.469-4. Practitioners should take this valuable opportunity to review all activity groupings and revise them, as appropriate.
S corporations and partnerships: Gain from disposition of an interest in a passthrough entity (a partnership or S corporation) where the interest is not a passive activity with respect to the taxpayer would seem to be included in Category III as net investment income. However, Sec. 1411(c)(4) provides that the amount of gain or loss included in net investment income from the disposition of an interest in a nonpassive passthrough entity is limited to the amount of gain or loss that would result if the entity sold all of its assets at fair market value (FMV) for cash immediately before the disposition of the interest (deemed-sale method). Gains from the sale of assets used in a nonpassive qualified trade or business are not included in net investment income. Under the proposed regulations, each asset must be separately valued, including goodwill, and a determination must be made whether the asset is used in a qualified trade or business. The individual shareholder’s or partner’s basis in the interest may have been adjusted outside the entity. The proposed regulations provide instructions for allocating adjusted basis among the gains and losses for purposes of adjusting net investment income.
Fortunately, the proposed regulations do not specify that the reporting entity must provide FMV and detailed asset use information to former partners or S corporation shareholders with their Schedule K-1, Shareholder’s [or Partner’s] Share of Income, Deductions, Credits, etc . However, sellers must attach a statement to their tax return for the year of disposition that includes specific information and the calculation of the adjustments to net investment income computed under this exception.
As a practical matter, since FMV and asset details are not usually readily available to shareholders and partners, obtaining these values and making the calculation will require assistance from the entity’s accountants. This will require asking preparers of Forms 1065, U.S. Return of Partnership Income, and 1120S, U.S. Income Tax Return for an S Corporation, for information that will be time-consuming to provide and, in the worst case, could lead to litigation. Sellers should consider including the information required to compute adjustments to net investment income as part of the sale agreement to avoid any future conflict with the IRS and to expedite the calculation of net investment income. In another twist, the deemed-sale exception does not apply to dispositions of S corporation stock if Sec. 338(h)(10) is elected.
Foreign entities: Prop. Regs. Sec. 1.1411-4(g) provides special rules for the treatment of distributions from controlled foreign corporations and passive foreign investment companies.
Kiddie tax: If parents elect to include a child’s interest, dividends, and capital gains on the parents’ Form 1040, U.S. Individual Income Tax Return, the child’s income, less the excluded amount on Form 8814, Parents’ Election to Report Child’s Interest and Dividends, is included in the net investment income tax calculation. Alternatively, if the child files his or her own return and computes the tax based on the parents’ effective rate, it appears that the child’s MAGI determines whether the net investment income tax is owed; but no official guidance is available.
While the net investment income tax was effective Jan. 1, 2013, the effective date of the proposed regulations is generally Jan. 1, 2014; however, taxpayers may rely on the proposed regulations for compliance purposes until the effective date of the final regulations. The IRS announced it expects to finalize the regulations under Sec. 1411 in 2013. Many more issues will likely arise in accurately calculating the net investment income tax. Preparers should be alert to new regulations as they are proposed and finalized.
Valrie Chambers is a professor of accounting at Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi in Corpus Christi, Texas. Janet Hagy is a shareholder with Hagy & Associates PC in Austin, Texas. Ms. Chambers and Ms. Hagy are members of the AICPA IRS Practice & Procedures Committee. For more information about this column, contact Prof. Chambers at firstname.lastname@example.org. | <urn:uuid:b53f8824-24e1-4586-b8a4-045bf3afaffa> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thetaxadviser.com/issues/2013/apr/tpp-apr2013-story-02.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00122-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946724 | 1,965 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Singapore Telecommunications (SingTel) to test the Long Term Evolution (LTE) in the first half of 2010. LTE, in the telecommunications industry, known as GSM fourth generation (4G). For the development of LTE, SingTel took Alcatel-Lucent.
At trial LTE, SingTel also involve subsidiaries and business partners in Asia. SingTel subsidiary that will conduct a parallel trial is Optus (Australia), AIS (Thailand), Globe (Philippines), Bharti Airtel (India), PBTL (Bangladesh), and Warid (Pakistan). In Indonesia, for testing LTE, SingTel took Telkomsel - where SingTel has a 35 percent stake.
As a technology vendor, Alcatel-Lucent solution will provide end-to-end, including a radio access network (eUTRAN), Evolved Packet Core (EPC), network elements and IP routing services operating system, administration and maintenance (OAM). Alcatel-Lucent also will provide support for project management, planning, installation & commissioning, integration and implementation of test plans.
LTE is a new wireless broadband technology that can transmit data with speeds significantly faster with the potential for some 100s Mbps downstream, and some 10s Mbps for upstream with lower latency, allows for end users to access content that is more complex with more speed rapid, global roaming, and increased efficiency.
LTE become roadmap among GSM operators in Indonesia today. To go to LTE, the two operators Telkomsel and Indosat are developing HSPA + which offers speeds up to 21 Mbps. Telkomsel has developed this service in Jakarta and other cities followed nine until the end of 2009. In 2010, Telkomsel to target as many as 24 cities have been enjoying HSPA +. While Indosat still a limited test. | <urn:uuid:eff968a7-21fa-44d0-b919-2739b8a4a39e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.setyobudianto.com/2009/11/telkomsel-will-perform-lte-testing-in.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00010-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923604 | 381 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Legendary producer/director Roger Corman
is of course legendary for being a world-renowned cheapskate . . .
He would wrap up a movie a few days ahead of schedule
for instance, and then tell his screenwriter to quickly write a screenplay
for another movie so that he can keep on using the rented sets for those
remaining few days.
Famously Corman once paid Sylvester Stallone’s salary for
Death Race 2000 with T-shirts. Spaceship models
and sets for his most expensive movie,
Battle Beyond the Stars were re-used endlessly in other movies
afterwards; in fact as long as the glue on the models probably lasted! His
1960 Black & White Little Shop of Horrors starring an
as-yet-unknown Jack Nicholson (not to be confused with the 1980s expensive
musical remake) was filmed in two days flat!
Despite being infamously cheap Corman also made some dreadfully bad
movies; something you wouldn’t guess from this selection of descriptive
essays though: authors Alain Silver and James Ursini considers Corman to
be quite a serious film-maker and read all kinds of feminist and religious
symbolism into his movies.
Authors Silver and Ursini make some thoughtful arguments and some of their
statements are confirmed by Corman’s paragraph-long comments that follow
each chapter, but overall it is rather difficult to swallow the concept
that the guy who practically singe-handedly invented the exploitation
B-movie and were only in it for the money had some social statement in
mind while making his movies.
Still, Metaphysics on a Shoestring is so well-argued that I
actually went to the bother of checking out some of the movies discussed
in the book. Sure, they were bad and Silver and Ursini had it wrong, but
making one check out some of Corman’s rotten movies is quite an
accomplishment and attests as to how well-written the book is.
Metaphysics On A Shoestring
by Alain Silver & James Ursini
Paperback: 332 pages
James Press Los Angeles | <urn:uuid:e0a21e38-d612-4689-8c49-e28c63eae063> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://scifimoviepage.com/art_metaphysics.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00439-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954302 | 459 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Ed: With Gregg Robinson’s post, we continue the much needed debate on the future direction of the antiwar movement. Gregg originally wrote “Why no mass antiwar movement? The Case of San Diego,” which was followed by Rick Nadeau’s lengthy comment, and then Frank Gormlie’s “The Antiwar Movement Needs This Debate: Why Is there No Mass in Our Mass Movement,” which also looked at Tom Hayden’s very recent article in the Dec. 17th issue of The Nation magazine, “How the Peace Movement Can Win.”
I am grateful for the feedback of so many friends about my article. Thanks to Dan, and Brian for their support. I am particularly appreciative, however, of the in-depth feedback of my old friends Rick Nadeau and Frank Gormlie. Let me honor their contributions to the debate over this crucial issue by responding with a similar degree of seriousness. Rick raises some important theoretical concerns about the origins of the crisis in the antiwar movement, while Frank addresses the strategic issues about what we are to do about this issue.
Rick’s Points: Major Theoretical Concerns
Rick questions my analysis of the origins of the impasse that the peace movement finds itself in, and he raises four major issues: first, he believes that I have ignored the impact of the war on terror, but particularly 9-11, on the organizing environment of the peace movement; second, he maintains that I have failed to recognize that the situation in the Middle East and the Israel/US connection makes organizing more difficult than against the war in Viet Nam.; third, he claims that I have underestimated the role the media have played in suppressing antiwar activism; and fourth, he believes that I have missed the role ideological changes since the 1960s play in suppressing antiwar activism. Before I turn to these issues, however, let me address a general point Rick made: the need to clarify my notion of the “middle mass”.
This is a crucial issue because it is central for understanding my position. The middle mass is a group of people that stands between the highly committed cadre of antiwar activists on the one hand, and the larger (and more passive) mass of the general population on the other. It is composed of people who are willing to show up at demonstrations, but are not willing to plan them. This group is the point of leverage that the cadre uses to change the attitudes of the mass of the population. That is, the middle mass puts the numbers of people in the street that draw the attention of the larger population to the need to end the war.
More specifically, a middle mass consists of the following four elements: 1. it must be large enough to be of political weight; 2. it must have the organizational and communicational resources sufficient to make it’s presence known; 3. it must have a critical understanding of the issue at the source of conflict; 4. finally and most importantly, it must have an immediate and visceral connection to this issue that makes it willing to take action. This group has sometimes been called the “base” of a social movment, and is a political home to which organizers can go and expect a sympathetic hearing. The Civil Rights movement had this middle mass in the black churches of the South, the Black power movement had it in the ghettoes of the north, and the antiwar movement of the 60s had it in the universities across the country.
Let me illustrate the contradictions of our current situation and the importance of the middle mass with an imaginary scenario. If in 1970 an activist had stood on a corner on Broadway in downtown San Diego with a sign saying “STOP THE WAR” s/he could have expected three things from most cars driving by: jeers, the middle finger salute, and a hail of beer cans. But if that same activist had wanted to go someplace where s/he could find a thousand people who were willing to show up for a demonstration there were three major communities that were available: San Diego State, UCSD, and OB (where students and former students lived). Our activist today would find much less hostility on Broadway, but could not find a single place to go to find a hundred, let alone a thousand people willing to take part in a demonstration. That in a nutshell is our contradiction. We have more general sympathy for our cause, but fewer places to go to in order to find that organizable group of people that I am calling the middle mass.
9-11 and the Antiwar Movement
Now on to Rick’s specific points. I find his argument about the impact of 9-11 on antiwar organizing unconvincing. Yes, we were attacked at home in ways that did not happen during Viet Nam, but, as I am sure Rick is aware, 9-11 had nothing to do with Iraq. It is true, that in the heat of the reaction to 9-11 Americans were peculiarly vulnerable to manipulation, but this vulnerability was relatively short lived. It would account for an initial willingness to go into Afghanistan and maybe the initial invasion of Iraq, not the continued quietism in streets since then.
On the other hand, Rick is right that Americans share little culturally with Iraqi Muslims, but can anyone honestly think we shared that much more with Asian Buddhist Communists? I believe that for the mass of the U.S. population the war in Iraq is easier to oppose than the one in Vietnam. The Southeast Asian conflict was part of the campaign against communism, and that struggle did constitute a real threat (both ideologically and militarily) to this country. In the 60s it had only been a few years since the onslaught of McCarthyism when thousands of leftists had lost their jobs, and most Americans were haunted by the specter of nuclear war. The struggle against “Islamo-fascism” is a sideshow in comparison to that earlier period, and is not sufficient to explain the differences in the antiwar movements between the two periods of time.
Israel and Iraq
Unfortunately, I also don’t think Rick’s point about Israel/the Middle East does a much better job explaining our problems than 9-11. In and of itself, there is nothing about Israel that limits opposition to the war in Iraq. You could make a case that by destabilizing the Middle East, the U.S. has undermined Israel. But I get Rick’s point: the antiwar movement can’t explain to Americans why we are hated so much in the Middle East without talking about our history of blind support for Israel against the Palestinians. This problem, however, has to do with the wider issue of the Middle East, not Iraq. However true it may be that our Middle East policy explains the large numbers of Arabs in the streets opposing the U.S., it does not explain the small number of Americans in the streets opposing the Iraq disaster.
The Media and Suppression of Activism
Now on to what I think are Rick’s most substantive criticisms. I agree that much of the mainstream media has become “embedded”. We do not see in the network news today the pictures of the misery of this war that were so common during the latter stages of the conflict in Vietnam. But remember the network news today is much less important than it was forty years ago. The internet did not exist in the 60s, and while we don’t have the large number of “underground newspapers” that existed back then, we do have countless websites, blogs, and zines (e.g. this blog). From John Stewart to Stephen Colbert to Keith Oberman there are critical voices in the mass media that did not exist during the Southeast Asian conflict.
I do agree, however, that there is an important point here. The key is that there are few Americans who have a direct connection to the war. The Bush administration has done everything it can to hide the war and its costs. The bodies coming home are hidden from view, it has refused to raise taxes in order to fight the war, it has stuck returning injured veterans in backwards of hospitals, it has gone out of its way not to keep the cuts in government services (e.g. SChip) from being linked to the war, etc. What is important is not so much the lack of Iraqi victims on TV, but the general insularity of the American public from the conflict in Iraq. What this means is that the fourth ingredient of a middle mass I spoke of above is missing. That is while there is a general disgust with the war, there isn’t a single group or community with a direct and visceral tie to the conflict.
Changes in Political Culture
Finally, I agree that our cultural context is different than it was in the 60s, but that does not necessarily make our job harder than it was then. While it is true that the socialist left has withered, the “post-modernist” left is still in full bloom. Most universities across the country have a large number of what David Horowitz decries as “tenured radicals”. The English, sociology, philosophy, anthropology, and political science departments of this nation have a much larger number of critical intellectuals than during Rick, Frank, and my student days. Granted, most of these intellectuals are attached to feminist, gay, and multicultural view points rather than leftist ones, but in spite of this they do contribute to the ideological opposition to the war in Iraq. The irony is that there is more opposition to the war in many universities from behind the lectern than from in front of it.
In addition, the fact that the war in Vietnam happened means that there is a critical infra-structure opposing American foreign policy already in place that did not exist in the 60s. This infrastructure has also meant that there is greater opposition to this war from high level establishment figures than during the conflict in Southeast Asian. There are many people in the State Department, and even the military and CIA who have been vocal critics of the war. When Noam Chomsky not only gets asked to speak to the cadets at West Point (as he was recently), but gets a standing ovation from them, you know things are not all worse today than they were back in the 1960s.
All of this is to say that I do not think that the conditions mentioned by Rick explain the lack of an antiwar movement. While the corporate media, and more importantly the Bush administration, does everything it can to keep the war under the radar, there are too many other media outlets for this to distinguish our time that dramatically from the 1960s. Likewise, while there is no denying the changed ideological circumstances, not all of these ideological changes contrast unfavorably with the Vietnam period. Something else must account for the lack of opposition in the streets.
The 60’s for many of the reasons Rick outlines (the existence of the counter culture, the impact of the civil rights movement, and presence of a leftist culture) made organizing the antiwar movement easier, but it was by way of creating this middle mass. Rick implies that these factors are what is keeping the majority of Americans from opposing the war, but I don’t think that is the issue. In fact, if my scenario about the activist on Broadway is correct, there is much more general opposition to the war today than there was in Vietnam in spite of the media manipulation, lack of leftist culture, etc. What we lack is means to move that general antipathy into concrete action. We lack the leverage supplied by the middle mass.
Frank’s Points: Issues of Strategy
Frank, in contrast to Rick, is concerned with the nuts and bolts of organizing an antiwar movement. I agree with him that this is the crucial question that we face today. Abstract criticisms are empty intellectualizing unless they lead us to concrete action. That is, pontificating on the middle mass without practical results risks falling into what we called in the 60s the “paralysis of analysis”. .
Electoral Politics and Antiwar Activism
Frank begins his strategic discussion by drawing on a recent article in the Nation by Tom Hayden, and then adds his own suggestions to it. Let me first address Hayden’s points, and then I will turn to Frank’s issues. Hayden maintains that the Presidential election cycle that we are now entering presents an opening for antiwar activists. He proposes that the antiwar movement push candidates into taking stronger antiwar positions by using the so-called “527 groups” for antiwar purposes. These 527s are the “independent” political advocacy groups that a loop-hole in election law allows to advocate for a political issue so long as they don’t support a particular candidate. Funded by individuals such as George Soros and organizations such as MoveOn, Hayden believes that antiwar forces can co-opt these groups to both keep the war visible and to push politicians to end the conflict.
While I agree that the election brings real opportunities for the antiwar movement, I also believe that it poses equal risks to it. It is naive to think that the antiwar movement will be able to engage in cooptation of these 527’s (and other electoral groups) without risking cooptation by these same organizations. There is a sucking sound that emanates from any presidential campaign that absorbs huge amounts of time and effort. Even the legitimate concerns of electoral politics (getting out the vote, walking precincts, identifying likely voters, etc.) are enormously expensive and time consuming. It is all too easy for the antiwar movement to find itself sucked up into the minutia of the political “ground game”.
The best example of this risk of co-optation is Tom Hayden himself. We remember today the Hayden of the 1960s, but there was also the Hayden of the 1970s who Gore Vidal once described as “giving opportunism a bad name”. I saw this first hand when I worked with an organization Hayden and Jane Fonda set up in the 1970s. As a member of the Campaign for Economic Democracy (CED), I remember the compromises we had to make when Tom ran for assembly from Santa Monica or when he tried to win the Democratic nomination for senator from California. We sucked up to Jerry Brown because he was governor at the time, we de-emphasized our economic populism because we needed donations from business leaders, we avoided issues connected to the Middle East because we didn’t want to alienate Jewish voters. I don’t begrudge this kind of politics. Anyone who seriously enters the electoral arena at this level must come to terms with it. But this is NOT what the antiwar movement is about. Yes, we must use the electoral process, but we must be careful not to be used by it.
The key here is that the antiwar movement should participate in electoral politics in ways that build the middle mass. Yes, the country’s eyes will turn to politics for the next year, but we must be very specific about what we want from this process. As I have indicated, there is a disconnect for most Americans and the war, thus any action that brings the war to the attention to the public is worth supporting. The safest way to do this is from outside the electoral process than from inside it. We should demonstrate against pro-war Republicans when they come to town seeking votes. Wavering Democrats should find their offices full of antiwar activists sitting in. Presidential candidates who claim to be antiwar should be pushed to sign a commitment to get all troops out by the end of 2008. The best example of this is what Code Pink has been doing. Their creativity and willingness to confront elected politicians is a model worth following.
It is more risky to get involved in actual electoral politics from the inside, but it might be worth this risk if it builds the middle mass. Anything that dramatizes the connections between problems in this country (energy policy, healthcare, lack of funding for education, etc.) and the impact on specific constituencies (working class people, the poor, minorities, gays, etc.) builds the middle mass. TV adds, 527’s and the house meetings that both Hayden and Frank mention are worth supporting if they make these kinds of connections.
Students and Activism
I believe that Frank’s own points are headed in a more productive direction than Hayden’s. Frank stresses the importance of direct activism to end the war, and I agree with him. His focus for this activism, however, I find unattractive. Frank believes that the antiwar movement needs to target young people because they will provide the enthusiasm and commitment that is so needed right now. My response to this is don’t tell me, tell them. Maybe it is because I teach them, but I do not find students to be connected to the war in ways that would offer much hope of filling the ranks of demonstrations. We are not back in the 60’s. Students are no longer a single constituency united by a radical youth culture. Equally important, university students in particular are insulated from the war by a volunteer military. Without a draft, today’s university students are more frightened of not getting into graduate school than in fighting in Iraq.
I also don’t think we should be so dismissive of “greyhairs”. I have no problem with seeing demonstrations filled with aging “boomers”, so long as those demonstrators fill the streets. In some ways the elderly and aging baby boomers constitute a possible base for the middle mass that contrasts favorably with students. As people age they become more dependent on government services (Social Security, Medicare, etc.), and if we could make connections between the crises in these services and our military spending, we might provide a more active base to our antiwar movement. In fact, I am thinking of coining a new slogan: “Don’t trust anyone under 50”.
At its worse this hunger for the old days is one of the biggest enemies of antiwar activism, because it risks turning our movement into a political “cargo cult” waiting for the return of student radicals. The changed ideological and economic situations I discussed earlier demand a period of innovation, not repetition. We are desperately in need of the kind of tactical innovations that will build a new middle mass not futilely look for an old one.
Frank’s enthusiasm for activism is well taken, but it is better directed in more productive directions than toward university students. We need a period of “connection demonstrations” that seek to link groups to the issues of the war. We must experiment with looking for the connections between the sacrifices necessitated by the war and the suffering of oppressed groups in our society. Given the realities of a volunteer military we are better off staging demonstrations in working class and minority communities than on university campuses. Because of the dominance of a postmodernist left, our efforts are best served by reaching out to gays and lesbians than students and hippies. As a result of the lowered visibility of this war, we must make its costs obvious by taking demonstrations to veterans’ hospitals, not chancellors’ offices. I am not against going onto college campuses, but we should go to where, because of growing economic inequality, the immediacy of the war is the greatest: community colleges, not universities.
Once again let me thank both Rick and Frank. Their criticisms have helped me to better focus my analysis, but more importantly they have helped to clarify some the major issues facing the antiwar movement. Hopefully these efforts will bring us closer to ending this disastrous conflict. | <urn:uuid:2321efb8-e958-4cc5-998d-10513059a74c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://obrag.org/?p=223 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00346-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96659 | 4,057 | 1.585938 | 2 |
- hoof (n.)
- Old English hof "hoof," from Proto-Germanic *hofaz (source also of Old Saxon, Old Frisian hof, Old Norse hofr, Danish hov, Dutch hoef, German Huf "hof"), from PIE *kop- "to beat, strike" (source also of Sanskrit saphah "hoof," Polish kopyto "hoof;" see hatchet (n.)). For spelling, see hood (n.1).
A hoof differs from a nail or claw only in being blunt and large enough to inclose the end of the limb; and almost every gradation is to be found between such structures as the human nails, or the claws of a cat, and the hoofs of a horse or an ox. The substance is the same in any case, and the same as horn, being modified and greatly thickened cuticle or epidermis. [Century Dictionary]
Hoof-and-mouth disease is attested from 1887. Phrase on the hoof is from 1750 as "walking;" later it was cattlemen and butchers' slang for "not (yet) slaughtered."
- hoof (v.)
- "having hoofs (of a specified kind)," c. 1500 in compounds, from hoof (n.). Meaning "to walk" (as in hoof it) is from 1640s; slang meaning "to dance" is 1920, American English (implied in hoofer). Related: Hoofing. | <urn:uuid:acbf3b36-2096-4693-b3fc-99fc92faa72b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=hoof&allowed_in_frame=0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00243-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931747 | 325 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Children love to ride bike very much. They find it interesting and most of them soon become addicted to it. They want to ride it all most all the time, but nothing is good to do all the time. There should be some different timings for doing different things. So like other works, bike riding should have some specific time so that your child can maintain a routine life well. In this article, we will to discuss about the perfect time for bike riding.
When to Ride?
Before discussing about when to ride, we should talk about some important things before. What routine you appoint for your child, you should keep it regularly. That means regular activities for a thing are important to get more benefits.
One very good thing for biking is that it can be interchangeably replaced with running or jogging. As people both old and young walk or run in the morning, these activities can be replaced with bike riding. So early in the morning is a perfect time for bike riding. If your child goes to school, then before going there can be the last time for riding after starting early in the morning.
Always try to maintain that the sun heat does not affect your child. So it is better to stop riding before the sun’s heat becomes hot enough.
This is another good time for bike riding and most of the children actually ride in this time. They find the time very enjoyable to ride as the heat of the sun diminishes. Children can ride up to sun set.
There are some time when your child should not ride a bike. The time may be at noon, on the sun’s exposure or in the evening.
Morning or afternoon whatever the time is, you should maintain something in your child. Your child should have water bottle with him or her. Helmet is mandatory for avoiding all sorts of risk. Elbow and knee pads are must have to avoid injuries. Not only that select a suitable route to ride a bike.
Maintaining routine bike riding is easy if your child mixes up with other children and ride in a group. They will grow an interpersonal communication which will gear them up for riding on time.
It is not uncommon that some children ride their bikes to school, but to maintain riding at that time you will need to follow some things which will be discussed in another article.
Morning or Afternoon or The Both:
As we have mentioned that morning and afternoon are two times that are better for bike riding than other times, you may have some confusion to take any of the times. Riding one time is good and two times riding should not be maintained because this will kill more time to do other things. So see which time suits better with your child’s lifestyle; morning or afternoon! If morning is okay, then allow your child to ride then, and go for afternoon if the time is suitable for your child for bike riding.
Finally, riding is a good playful thing that every child should carry on. Look at balance bike reviews if you would like to get a bike for your child. | <urn:uuid:fd9c51ee-88db-4c96-b0ec-7e88c96c2e04> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bestappsforkids.com/timing-for-bike-riding-toys-advisors/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.961087 | 636 | 2.484375 | 2 |
By Jim Schatz
October 17th, 1977. The men of GSG 9 approach the Lufthansa 707 jetliner from behind. At 00.05 hours on the code word “magic fire” the operators begin their assault up rubber-coated alloy ladders into the aircraft. By 00.07 hours evacuation of the hostages begins as a battle rages in the cockpit. In the end GSG 9 overpowers the four Palestinian terrorists, all 90 hostages are freed. Only one GSG 9 member is wounded. During this operation much of the world learned for the first time of the capabilities of a new age anti-terrorist force. It was also the first time for many that the HK MP5 Submachine Gun was seen in the hands of such a unit.
If it can be said that the successful hostage rescue mission by the GSG 9 in 1977 introduced the world to the MP5 submachine gun, Operation Nimrod conducted by the British Special Air Service on May 5th, 1980 literally catapulted the MP5 submachine gun into the worldwide recognition it still enjoys today as the world’s premier close quarters combat weapon. Transmitted by the news services around the world, this highly successful and publicized hostage rescue occurred at the Iranian Embassy located at No. 16 Princes Gate in London. Black Nomex clad members of the SAS Counter Revolutionary Wing (CRW) rappelled from the upper floors of the embassy for all to see armed with the sleek yet deadly German-made MP5’s.
Designed in 1964 the MP5 was already more than 15 years old when the Brit’s success at Princes Gate was recorded for the history books. Since the early 1980’s the MP5 has become the submachine gun of choice for elite military and law enforcement units around the world. The MP5 user’s list is a who’s who in the world of anti-terrorism and hostage rescue organizations, some even from the former Soviet Union. Even the most recently publicized hostage rescue operation, conducted perfectly by the experienced Baltimore County Maryland Tactical Team, of three family members in Dundalk, Maryland this year was ended with on target bursts of two MP5SD’s. A seasoned military operator once stated to this writer that he was sure the MP5 had more terrorist “kills” than any other single weapon. The MP5 lives on today, more than 3 decades since its creation, as the sub gun of choice for those still carrying pistol-caliber CQB “long guns”.
The Winds of Change Blow from the West
As early as 1985 various elite units in the U.S. military contacted HK to evaluate small compact rifle-caliber weapons for CQB purposes in calibers 5.56X45mm and 7.62X51mm. Numerous requests from these same units for HK to build the MP5 in .45 ACP caliber were unsuccessful for economic reasons. For a time the 5.56mm select-fire HK53 Carbine and 7.62mm G3K, the MP5’s bigger brothers, were hot items as possible replacements to the 9mm MP5. Many units in the U.S. purchased limited numbers of HK53’s and HK33K’s for use in the classic CQB role as a supplement to or outright replacement for the pistol-caliber MP5.
The reasons for this evolution are fairly straightforward, and still certainly valid for today’s tactical personnel. Users learned that the 9mm submachine gun was simply incapable of dealing with hard targets such as individuals wearing body armor or vehicles due to the limited terminal performance of the 9X19mm Parabellum cartridge. In addition teams armed only with submachine guns were in a bad way against their opponents armed with assault rifles, especially when moving over land to and from target locations. Outgunned basically, a transition from pistol-caliber submachine guns to rifle-caliber weapons offered the operator far greater capabilities against soft and hard targets at 2-4 times the maximum effective range of the typical pistol-caliber sub gun.
While some have questioned the use of rifle-caliber weapons in the Close Quarters Battle role many special operations units have already transitioned to 5.56mm M4 Carbine variants for this role as far back as the early 1990’s. Issues with bullet performance at close range, over penetration and ricochet against building materials have to some extent been successfully addressed with relatively recent developments in the design of new cartridges and projectiles. Today many units are even carrying 5.56mm CQB weapons that can be effectively suppressed with advanced and durable sound suppressors and subsonic 5.56X45mm ammunition loaded with extremely heavy projectiles in excess of 150 grains.
This trend towards rifle-caliber CQB weaponry, mostly in 5.56X45mm caliber, has made its way also into federal law enforcement and to a lesser degree some state and local agencies as well. Many teams have traded in or disposed of their trusty MP5’s for a varying assortment of .223 weapons. The proliferation of the M16/M4 weapons system throughout U.S. military and law enforcement communities clearly provides the impetus to the adoption of what were once considered only perimeter weapons to “inside” guns firing rifle ammunition. For reasons of unit price but more notably simple familiarization and availability, HK fared rather poorly against the gas-operated M16/M4 weapons until the advent of the new G36 weapons system.
The Gay Sechs und Dreizig (G36) Arrives
HK’s contenders since the early 1970’s were the HK33 rifle, HK33K Carbine and miniature HK53 “Submachine Gun” as it has sometimes been called due to its size, only 2 inches longer than the 9mm MP5. The FBI Hostage Rescue Team utilized the HK33K for many years during the 1980’s as perimeter guns while the 9mm MP5’s performed the inside CQB duties. GSG 9 and the British SAS adopted the HK53 for missions where compact 5.56mm firepower and performance was required, in the case of the Germans against vehicles where the 9mm MP5 had proven less than effective. HK53’s have been issued with select special operations units due to their near identical operation and handling characteristics compared to the MP5 sub gun. However, as good as the roller-locked HK rifles were, units who were already using some variant of the M16 still often overlooked them.
Americans favor rifles wherein the bolt locks open on the last round fired. The roller-locked HK rifles do not. No degree of technical justification can change that. HK33’s and HK53’s also require special blank ammunition to operate the delayed blowback bolts and muzzle devices for firing frangible ammo. They are also not supported by the military supply system or aftermarket accessory industry like countless variants of Eugene Stoner’s creation. Higher unit costs of HK33’s and HK53’s and support parts and tools also made the adoption of the roller-locked HK 5.56mm rifles a costly venture, one out of the financial pockets of most organizations.
With the arrival of the new HK G36, driven by the German military’s need for a lightweight, affordable and conventional 5.56mm rifle for their forces operating with NATO in Bosnia, many if not all of the issues that held back the roller-locked HK33 and HK53 disappeared.
In 1990 the G36 development began at HK. In 1995 the German Bundeswehr (Armed Forces) officially adopted the G36. Within the same year the newly formed German Special Operations Unit, KSK, arrived on HK’s doorstep in Oberndorf with a request to make the G36 rifle shorter. 90 days later the first G36K Carbines rolled of the assembly lines fitted with 12.5 inch barrels. Not looking to be outdone by its competition HK responded to a requirement released by the GSG 9 in 1999 for an even smaller, sub- machine gun sized 5.56mm weapon. This user request drove the development of the latest variant of the G36 weapons system, the new G36 C. Ironically the unit that first placed confidence in the MP5 in the mid-1970’s, GSG 9, would drive the development of a weapon that could be the potential successor to the MP5, and one chambered for a rifle round.
With all the tactical advantages of the rifle-caliber CQB weapon there was a price to pay in the important area of size, weight and most importantly maneuverability in the close confines of the typical CQB structure. Fully loaded and outfitted with tactical light, sound suppressor and reflex sight today’s M4 carbine or HK53 for example can easily exceed 8 pounds or more. The excessive overall length of the weapon makes quick movement through the tight confines of CQB targets more difficult than can be managed with shorter, lighter submachine gun. The MP5 is famous for it’s overall “shootability”. The MP5 is fast and easy to be accurate with due to its unique roller-locked breech and closed bolt design, rifle-like configuration and excellent sights and trigger. The short overall length of the MP5 pays huge dividends in a weapon that can swing laterally quickly and effortlessly from target to target like a 20 gauge trap gun does compared to a larger, heavier 12 gauge- for instance. In the eyes of most professional operators only the handgun is faster that the MP5 for engaging multiple targets spread throughout a room.
Today, in fact for the past 10 years, rifles have shrunk in size to meet this growing worldwide demand for compact rifle-caliber weapons. In 1989 there were less than 6 Miniature Assault Rifles, today there are more than 30 from numerous different countries around the world. For the purposes of this article a Mini Assault Rifle is defined as a rifle-caliber weapon with a barrel length under 12 inches, an overall length of under 30 inches and weighing less than 7 pounds. These weapons are often seen in VIP protection details, during vehicle operations, by special police units and during hostage rescue missions.
The Mini Assault Rifle (MAR) today provides the handiness and fast action of the submachine gun but with the ballistic and terminal performance approaching that of full size assault rifles. Providing muzzle velocities from 2,100 to up to 2,600 feet per second or more the terminal performance of a 5.56mm projectile from the MAR even at these reduced velocities is deadly effective, even against hardened targets and targets at ranges out to and exceeding 300 meters. The shooter can now fight to, from and inside the target with the same small handy weapon. Once inside, the operator is not handicapped by an overly long or large weapon resulting in fast and surgical target engagement. The Mini Assault Rifle of the late 1990’s appears destined to be the submachine gun of the late 1970’s.
The G36 C. The MP5 replacement?
In many cases and for many potential users the answer may be yes. The HK G36 has already proven itself to be a truly modern, reliable and clean shooting gas-operated weapon. Already issued to the armies of Germany and Spain the G36 has done extremely well in the shrinking world small arms market. The modular receiver design allows various interchangeable barrel assemblies to be fitted to it by the user unit using only simple tools. Barrel lengths include the 18.9 inch rifle barrel, 18.9 inch light support weapon barrel with heavy profile, the new 15.4 inch intermediate barrel with 1/9 inch twist, 12.5 inch carbine barrel and the latest G36 tube, the 8.9 inch G36 C barrel.
The G36 is small and handy. In fact at just over 6 pounds the G36 C is a full inch shorter than the 9mm MP5A3 with their buttstocks extended. With the stocks closed the C is more than 1.5 inches shorter than the MP5A3. The use of advanced polymer materials and side folding stock make for a lightweight and highly portable weapon. To shorten the G36 C, one inch was removed from the folding buttstock and a shortened yet effective 4-prong flash hider was created to tame the muzzle blast common with short barreled rifle-caliber weapons. The right side folding stock allows the weapon to be carried covertly under a light jacket in a special concealed shoulder carrying rig. Spent cases are ejected through the skeletonized stock for use when fired from the confines of a vehicle compartment or aircraft cockpit.
Even with the shortened barrel the G36 C provides @ 2,400 fps muzzle velocity from 55 grain M193 and 62 grain M855 ammunition with muzzle energies ranging from 675 to 775 foot pounds. For comparison, standard 9mm ball ammunition fired from the MP5 steps out at @ 1,200 f.p.s. and provides a modest 383 foot pounds of energy on target. The MP5 can also not defeat most soft or hard body armor using conventional projectiles nor will it reliably perforate vehicle body panels as will the 5.56X45mm cartridge.
Where the MP5 was lacking in areas of user friendliness, the designers of the G36 C listened intently to the comments of the prospective users. The highly desired bolt catch never available on the 9mm MP5 is standard equipment on the G36. Like every G36 operating control, to include the safety/selector lever, magazine release, cocking handle and forward assist, the bolt catch button is also fully ambidextrous. It can even be switched off for those who prefer the bolt to close on an empty magazine. A common complaint of the MP5 has been the location and shape of the safety/selector levers. Hard to actuate without adjusting the grip of the firing hand, the G36 provides a much-improved rendition that pleases most every user regardless of hand size or flexibility.
The clean shooting short stroke gas piston system utilized in the G36 and the C variant brings almost no carbon fouling into the receiver of the weapon. This saves on cleaning time and reduces potentially fatal stoppages, the worst event that can occur in the middle of a CQB mission. This unique feature also guarantees reliability even after prolonged shooting sessions or under adverse conditions. As a result of HK endurance and reliability testing it has been proven that G36’s will run without incident, without cleaning or lubrication for more than 15,000 rounds.
Like the MP5, options abound
The G36 C provides the user with a host of options. Realizing that every unit and in fact many individual shooters desire specific options for the intended mission, the G36 offers modular sight systems, molded-in threaded hard points for accessory and a rail attachment on the forearm and five optional trigger groups.
The G36 C comes standard fitted with a long Picatinny rail “carrying handle” with adjustable iron sights. This rail provides a long landing strip for almost any assortment of sights and targeting devices, used alone or in tandem. Being quick detachable, the rail can be removed and optional optical, folding iron and dual sights installed with no special tools. Tritium night sights of course are available as options.
Tactical lights, lasers and vertical foregrips can be arranged on the G36 C at the discretion of the shooter on one or three sets of molded-in threaded hard points positioned on the left, bottom or right sides of the detachable ventilated forearm. Accessory polymer MIL-STD-1913 rails can be attached to the hard points with Allen screws. These rails then accept most any accessory designed to fit this now universal mounting rail, including those in the U.S. SOPMOD accessory kit for the M4 Carbine.
Tough act to Follow
Will the new HK G36 C totally replace the venerable MP5 in the CQB role? It is highly unlikely considering the Government issue abundance and universal familiarity of the current M4 and M4A1 Carbines. However, time will tell if the advantages of a sub gun size 5.56m CQB weapon can win out over issue carbines available to most users at less than half the unit price of one G36 C.
|This article first appeared in Small Arms Review V4N8 (May 2001)|
and was posted online on May 30, 2014 | <urn:uuid:3fa37d54-52e0-40e2-b350-288df6adfa42> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://smallarmsreview.com/heir-to-the-throne-the-new-heckler-koch-g36-miniature-assault-rifle/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.944144 | 3,395 | 1.742188 | 2 |
|A bundle of cultivated asparagus|
It was once classified in the lily family, like the related Allium species, onions and garlic, but the Liliaceae have been split and the onion-like plants are now in the family Amaryllidaceae and asparagus in the Asparagaceae. Asparagus officinalis is native to most of Europe, northern Africa and western Asia, and is widely cultivated as a vegetable crop.
Asparagus is a herbaceous, perennial plant growing to 100–150 cm (39–59 in) tall, with stout stems with much-branched, feathery foliage. The "leaves" are in fact needle-like cladodes (modified stems) in the axils of scale leaves; they are 6–32 mm (0.24–1.26 in) long and 1 mm (0.039 in) broad, and clustered four to 15 together, in a rose-like shape. The root system is adventitious and the root type is fasciculated. The flowers are bell-shaped, greenish-white to yellowish, 4.5–6.5 mm (0.18–0.26 in) long, with six tepals partially fused together at the base; they are produced singly or in clusters of two or three in the junctions of the branchlets. It is usually dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants, but sometimes hermaphrodite flowers are found. The fruit is a small red berry 6–10 mm diameter, which is poisonous to humans.
Plants native to the western coasts of Europe (from northern Spain north to Ireland, Great Britain, and northwest Germany) are treated as Asparagus officinalis subsp. prostratus (Dumort.) Corb., distinguished by its low-growing, often prostrate stems growing to only 30–70 cm (12–28 in) high, and shorter cladodes 2–18 mm (0.079–0.709 in) long. It is treated as a distinct species, Asparagus prostratus Dumort, by some authors.
|The French Chef; Asparagus From Tip to Butt, Julia Child, 4/25/1966, 29:16, WGBH Open Vault|
Asparagus has been used as a vegetable and medicine, owing to its delicate flavour, diuretic properties, and more. It is pictured as an offering on an Egyptian frieze dating to 3000 BC. In ancient times, it was also known in Syria and in Spain. Greeks and Romans ate it fresh when in season, and dried the vegetable for use in winter; Roman Epicureans even froze it high in the Alps, for the Feast of Epicurus. Emperor Augustus created the "Asparagus Fleet" for hauling the vegetable, and coined the expression "faster than cooking asparagus" for quick action.[Note 1] A recipe for cooking asparagus is in the oldest surviving book of recipes, Apicius’s third-century AD De re coquinaria, Book III.
The ancient Greek physician Galen (prominent among the Romans) mentioned asparagus as a beneficial herb during the second century AD, but after the Roman empire ended, asparagus drew little medieval attention.[Note 2] until al-Nafzawi's The Perfumed Garden. That piece of writing celebrates its (scientifically unconfirmed) aphrodisiacal power, a supposed virtue that the Indian Ananga Ranga attributes to "special phosphorus elements" that also counteract fatigue. By 1469, asparagus was cultivated in French monasteries. Asparagus appears to have been hardly noticed in England until 1538,[Note 2] and in Germany until 1542.
The finest texture and the strongest and yet most delicate taste is in the tips. The points d'amour ("love tips") were served as a delicacy to Madame de Pompadour. Asparagus became available to the New World around 1850, in the United States.
|Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)|
|Energy||85 kJ (20 kcal)|
|Dietary fibre||2.1 g|
|Vitamin A equiv.||
|Pantothenic acid (B5)||
|Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults.
Source: USDA Nutrient Database
Only young asparagus shoots are commonly eaten: once the buds start to open ("ferning out"), the shoots quickly turn woody.
Water makes up 93% of asparagus's composition. Asparagus is low in calories and is very low in sodium. It is a good source of vitamin B6, calcium, magnesium, and zinc, and a very good source of dietary fibre, protein, beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamin, riboflavin, rutin, niacin, folic acid, iron, phosphorus, potassium, copper, manganese, and selenium, as well as chromium, a trace mineral that enhances the ability of insulin to transport glucose from the bloodstream into cells. The amino acid asparagine gets its name from asparagus, as the asparagus plant is relatively rich in this compound.
The shoots are prepared and served in a number of ways around the world, typically as an appetizer or vegetable side dish. In Asian-style cooking, asparagus is often stir-fried. Cantonese restaurants in the United States often serve asparagus stir-fried with chicken, shrimp, or beef. It may also be quickly grilled over charcoal or hardwood embers, and is also used as an ingredient in some stews and soups. In recent years, asparagus eaten raw, as a component of a salad, has regained popularity.
Asparagus can also be pickled and stored for several years. Some brands label shoots prepared in this way as "marinated".
Stem thickness indicates the age of the plant, with the thicker stems coming from older plants. Older, thicker stalks can be woody, although peeling the skin at the base removes the tough layer. Peeled asparagus will poach much faster. The bottom portion of asparagus often contains sand and soil, so thorough cleaning is generally advised before cooking.
Green asparagus is eaten worldwide, though the availability of imports throughout the year has made it less of a delicacy than it once was. In Europe, however, the "asparagus season is a highlight of the foodie calendar"; in the UK this traditionally begins on 23 April and ends on Midsummer Day. As in continental Europe, due to the short growing season and demand for local produce, asparagus commands a premium price.
White asparagus in continental northwestern Europe
Asparagus is very popular in the Netherlands, Spain, France, Poland, Belgium, Germany, Austria, Turkey, Italy, and Switzerland, and is almost exclusively white; if not, it is specified by the local language term for "green asparagus". White asparagus is the result of applying a blanching technique while the asparagus shoots are growing. To cultivate white asparagus, the shoots are covered with soil as they grow, i.e. earthed up; without exposure to sunlight, no photosynthesis starts, and the shoots remain white. Compared to green asparagus, the locally cultivated so-called "white gold" or "edible ivory" asparagus, also referred to as "the royal vegetable", is believed to be less bitter and much more tender. Freshness is very important, and the lower ends of white asparagus must be peeled before cooking or raw consumption.
Only seasonally on the menu, asparagus dishes are advertised outside many restaurants, usually from late April to June. For the French style, asparagus is often boiled or steamed and served with Hollandaise sauce, melted butter or olive oil, Parmesan cheese, or mayonnaise. Tall, narrow asparagus cooking pots allow the shoots to be steamed gently, their tips staying out of the water.
During the German Spargelsaison or Spargelzeit ("asparagus season" or "asparagus time"), the asparagus season that traditionally finishes on 24 June, roadside stands and open-air markets sell about half of the country's white asparagus consumption.
Since asparagus often originates in maritime habitats, it thrives in soils that are too saline for normal weeds to grow. Thus, a little salt was traditionally used to suppress weeds in beds intended for asparagus; this has the disadvantage that the soil cannot be used for anything else. Some places are better for growing asparagus than others. The fertility of the soil is a large factor. "Crowns" are planted in winter, and the first shoots appear in spring; the first pickings or "thinnings" are known as sprue asparagus. Sprue has thin stems.
A new breed of "early season asparagus" that can be harvested two months earlier than usual was announced by a UK grower in early 2011. This variety does not need to lie dormant and blooms at 7 °C (45 °F) rather than the usual 9 °C (48 °F).
Purple asparagus differs from its green and white counterparts in having high sugar and low fiber levels. Purple asparagus was originally developed in Italy and commercialized under the variety name 'Violetto d' Albenga'. Since then, breeding work has continued in the United States and New Zealand.[verification needed]
China is the world's largest producer: in 2013 (7,000,000 tonnes), at a large distance followed by Peru (383,144 tonnes), and Mexico (126,421 tonnes). U.S. production was concentrated in California, Michigan, and Washington. The annual production for white asparagus in Germany is 57,000 tonnes (61% of consumer demand).
When growing under tunnels growers can increase the growth season. In Britain it is estimated that the harvest season of asparagus grown under tunnels can be from February to November.[clarification needed]
The green crop is significant enough in California's Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta region that the city of Stockton holds a festival every year to celebrate it, as does the city of Hart, Michigan, complete with a parade and asparagus queen. The Vale of Evesham in Worcestershire is the largest producer within Northern Europe, celebrating with the annual British Asparagus Festival involving auctions of the best crop, an "Asparagus Run" modelled on the Beaujolais Run and a weekend "Asparafest" music festival.
Many German cities hold an annual Spargelfest (asparagus festival) celebrating the harvest of white asparagus. Schwetzingen claims to be the "Asparagus Capital of the World", and during its festival, an Asparagus Queen is crowned. The Bavarian city of Nuremberg feasts a week long in April, with a competition to find the fastest asparagus peeler in the region. This usually involves generous amounts of the local wines and beers being consumed to aid the spectators' appreciative support.
Vernacular names and etymology
A. officinalis is widely known simply as "asparagus", and may be confused with unrelated plant species also known as "asparagus", such as Ornithogalum pyrenaicum known as "Prussian asparagus" for its edible shoots.
The English word "asparagus" derives from classical Latin, but the plant was once known in English as sperage, from the Medieval Latin sparagus.[Note 2] This term itself derives from the Greek aspharagos or asparagos, and the Greek term originates from the Persian asparag, meaning "sprout" or "shoot". Asparagus was also corrupted in some places to "sparrow grass"; indeed, John Walker wrote in 1791 that "Sparrowgrass is so general that asparagus has an air of stiffness and pedantry".
In East Asia, A. officinalis is known as lùsǔn (蘆筍, simplified 芦笋) in Mandarin Chinese, louhséun (露筍) in Cantonese, and lô͘-sún (蘆筍) in Hokkien/Taiwanese. In Thai, it is known as no mai farang (หน่อไม้ฝรั่ง pronounced [nɔ̀ː máːj fā.ràŋ]), and in Vietnamese as măng tây which literally mean "European bamboo shoots" and "Western bamboo shoots", respectively. The green asparagus is commonly used in Chinese-American cuisine and Thai cuisine.
In Turkish, asparagus is known as kuşkonmaz, literally "bird can't land," in reference to the shape of the plant.
Effects on urine
The effect of eating asparagus on urine excreted afterwards has long been observed:
- "[Asparagus] cause a powerful and disagreeable smell in the urine, as everybody knows." (Treatise of All Sorts of Foods, Louis Lemery, 1702)
- "asparagus... affects the urine with a foetid smell (especially if cut when they are white) and therefore have been suspected by some physicians as not friendly to the kidneys; when they are older, and begin to ramify, they lose this quality; but then they are not so agreeable." ("An Essay Concerning the Nature of Aliments," John Arbuthnot, 1735)
- "A few Stems of Asparagus eaten, shall give our Urine a disagreable Odour..." ("Letter to the Royal Academy of Brussels," Benjamin Franklin, circa 1781)
Debate exists about whether all—or only some—people produce the smell, and whether all (or only some) people identify the smell. Originally, this was thought to be because some people digested asparagus differently from others, so some excreted odorous urine after eating asparagus, and others did not. In the 1980s, three studies from France, China, and Israel published results showing that producing odorous urine from asparagus was a common human characteristic. The Israeli study found that from their 307 subjects, all of those who could smell 'asparagus urine' could detect it in the urine of anyone who had eaten asparagus, even if the person who produced it could not detect it. However, a 2010 study found variations in both production of odorous urine and the ability to detect the odor, but that these were not tightly related. Most people are thought to produce the odorous compounds after eating asparagus, but the differing abilities of various individuals to detect the odor at increasing dilutions suggests a genetically determined specific sensitivity.
In 2010, the company 23andMe published a genome-wide association study on whether participants have "ever noticed a peculiar odor when you pee after eating asparagus?" This study pinpointed a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a cluster of olfactory genes associated with the ability to detect the odor. While this SNP did not explain all of the difference in detection between people, it provides support for the theory that genetic differences occur in olfactory receptors that lead people to be unable to smell these odorous compounds.
Certain compounds in asparagus are metabolized to yield ammonia and various sulfur-containing degradation products, including various thiols and thioesters, which give urine a characteristic smell.
- dimethyl sulfide
- dimethyl disulfide
- dimethyl sulfoxide
- dimethyl sulfone
Subjectively, the first two are the most pungent, while the last two (sulfur-oxidized) give a sweet aroma. A mixture of these compounds form a "reconstituted asparagus urine" odor. This was first investigated in 1891 by Marceli Nencki, who attributed the smell to methanethiol. These compounds originate in the asparagus as asparagusic acid and its derivatives, as these are the only sulfur-containing compounds unique to asparagus. As these are more present in young asparagus, this accords with the observation that the smell is more pronounced after eating young asparagus. The biological mechanism for the production of these compounds is less clear.
The onset of the asparagus urine smell is remarkably rapid while the decline is slower. The smell has been reported to be detectable 15 to 30 minutes after ingestion and subsides with a half-life of approximately 4 hours.
Three types of asparagus are on display, with white asparagus at the back and green asparagus in the middle. The plant at the front is Ornithogalum pyrenaicum, commonly called wild asparagus, and sometimes "bath asparagus".
- Latin velocius quam asparagi conquantur (or celerius quam asparagi cocuntur), ascribed to Augustus by Suetonius (The Lives of the Twelve Caesars, Book 2 (Augustus), para. 87). See List of Latin phrases (V).
- Apparently around 1000 AD, the word "sparagus" appeared in an English text. See Brunning (June 2010), p. 6. – Brunning uses the term "in print", though no printing technique was used in England at the time. In the same sentence, she states that peasants often called it "sparrow grass", and further on mentions a 1667 diary in which Samuel Pepys bought a bundle of "sparrow grass" in Fenchurch Street, London.
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- Eriksson N, Macpherson JM, Tung JY, Hon LS, Naughton B, Saxonov S, Avey L, Wojcicki A, Pe'er I, Mountain J (2010). Gibson G, ed. "Web-Based, Participant-Driven Studies Yield Novel Genetic Associations for Common Traits". PLoS Genet. 6 (6): e1000993. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000993. PMC . PMID 20585627.
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- Research completed and verified by Dr. R. McLellan from the University of Waterloo.
- van Hasselt, J. G. Coen; Elassaiss-Schaap, Jeroen; Ramamoorthy, Anuradha; Sadler, Brian M.; Kasichayanula, Sreeneeranj; Edwards, Yin; van der Graaf, Piet H.; Zhang, Lei; Wagner, John A. "The proof is in the pee: Population asparagus urinary odor kinetics". PAGE. Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of the Population Approach Group in Europe. 25. Retrieved 2016-07-07.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Asparagus officinalis.|
|Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on|
|Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Asparagus.|
- Kew Species Profile: Asparagus officinalis (garden asparagus)
- PROTAbase on Asparagus officinalis
- Asparagus officinalis – Plants for a Future database entry
- "World Asparagus Situation and Outlook" (PDF). (55.0 KB) – 2005 USDA report
- Asparagus Production Management and Marketing[permanent dead link] – commercial growing (OSU bulletin) | <urn:uuid:0b5c4bcc-bae3-46a7-a30f-a5749be81359> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparagus | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00361-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.858173 | 6,275 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Marketing is not only about data, but also about people and, above all, how to reach each individual need and desire of our target audience. For this, we require tools that allow us to target the right content at the right time to our potential customers, and this is where marketing automation makes perfect sense.
Marketing automation is the use of technology in marketing with the purpose of simplifying and optimizing processes, making them more effective. It's not just about sending automatic emails, it's about using technology to be able to follow the trajectory of our lead/contact in an automated and customized way.
ZOHO Campaigns is one of several tools from ZOHO, LOBA’s partner that provides complete solutions for marketing automation in your business. Besides allowing you to synchronize ZOHO Campaigns with various E-Commerce tools (such as WooCommerce or Shopify), it allows you to bring your leads/contacts to ZOHO Campaigns based on certain actions and process automation. We can, for example, determine that when someone leaves a product in the cart, they will immediately receive an email.
Another essential tool of ZOHO Campaigns when talking about marketing automation are the workflows. Through them, we can build in a single flow or many paths, depending on the actions of our lead/contact.
In this example, we identify one of many workflows that we can follow to automate our processes, which can be edited or deleted at any time. Thus, we can identify three different paths, depending on the action of our lead/contact in the first email:
Path#1 If it was not opened, a new email is sent.
Path#2 If it has been opened, our contact will be given 10 points and a new email will be sent after 4 days.
Path#3 If you have clicked on the link in our e-mail, a survey form with some questions will be sent to you in order to be added to a new list.
LOBA works with several clients in the ZOHO environment and often, besides using ZOHO Campaigns as marketing email software, we use ZOHO CRM which allows us to segment our contacts, and ZOHO Analytics which provides the final reports of the whole process.
An example of a customer using this environment is from the automotive industry, where we can apply the above structure. When a lead enters the site of this customer, by showing interest in one of the products, the leads are submitted to the ZOHO CRM. Depending on the follow-up of the lead, it can be segmented by brand/vehicle of interest.
There is an integration with ZOHO Campaigns, where we'll understand which e-mail marketing cycle is more appropriate, according to the previous CRM path. We can find leads that did not proceed with the purchase and identify, within this customer's environment, what are the reasons for that, such as the high price of the vehicle, the location or if they gave up from the purchase, among others. At this stage, the importance of marketing automation stands out, because we have several cycles prepared for these different scenarios and, from then on, each contact receives a customized email, according to the reason for the lost sale.
Besides being able to route the lead to a specific cycle, we can, in the same cycle, customize the email content, using a tool called Dynamic Content. This tool allows us to customize the email content based on specific information from each lead. If you have shown interest in a vehicle from brand "X", we can present you images and content from that same brand, with the advantage that the same email can be customized for more than 10 different brands.
For those who are already contacts, who have a vehicle or other product from this company, there are specific cycles, which allow us to send an email warning of the deadline of one month for the inspection.
One of the biggest benefits of having CRM integrated with ZOHO Campaigns is that we get to know details of the contact, namely vehicles. In this specific cycle, we were able to send the email with all the information of the vehicle (brand, model, version, years of the vehicle...), ensuring that we send a customized and pragmatic content to contacts with more than one vehicle.
To consolidate this process, a fundamental part is missing - the reports. This is where ZOHO Analytics comes in. Through an integration with ZOHO CRM and ZOHO Campaigns, we can build dashboards that allow us to analyse the number of contacts that entered our cycles, what are the open and click rates, which brands were most impacted and, mainly, which of these leads showed interest in one of our products again, through the email we sent them. We share an example of a dashboard in ZOHO Analytics.
LOBA is a ZOHO Premium Partner, the most advanced partnership level, which translates into a synergy that allows us to guarantee our clients support and monitoring of best practices in all ZOHO applications in order to boost the reach of their email marketing campaigns and get the insights needed to customize their interactions and strategies and get the best results.
Learn how to do more for your business with LOBA. Contact us. | <urn:uuid:c5cc41f6-3e57-4276-8109-6d9b3dbb40a9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.loba.com/en/blog/zoho_campaigns/marketing-automation-from-a-to-zoho | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.948341 | 1,084 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Is Your Cat Rabid or Just a Psychopath?
Written by Erena Weathers
First and foremost, rabies due to domesticated dogs in the US is pretty much eradicated. From 1960 to 2018, 127 human rabies cases were reported in the US, and a quarter were due to dog bites in returning travelers, and 70% were due to bats. From 2009-2018, there were 25 reported cases of human rabies, and only two of those people survived. The majority of reported rabid animals are wildlife, followed by cats, dogs, and then cattle and horses.
Rabies is caused by neurotropic viruses in the Rhabdoviridae family, genus Lyssavirus. Lyssaviruses prefer neural tissue and spread via peripheral nerves to the central nervous system. They replicate near the peripheral nerves and then move retrograde towards the CNS 50-100mm a day. This leads to an incubation period of 1-3 months to possible years from exposure.
You have encephalitic and paralytic types of infection. Both are preceded by a prodrome of general viral infection. Encephalitic rabies is characterized by fever, hydrophobia, pharyngeal spasms, and hyperactivity subsiding to paralysis, coma, and death. Paralytic rabies is an ascending paralysis that can mimic Guillain-Barre. Either way, you’re probably going to die if you get to either of these stages. Mainstay treatment is supportive care in an ICU, but mortality is outrageously high and there is no standard therapy. People try Rabies Ig and Vaccine with some help and other antivirals, but more than likely the rabid patient is going to die in a brutal manner. This is why we harp on prevention.
So let’s prevent our patients from becoming rabid. First off, wash the wound vigorously and then move on to therapy. You can take a look at the attached charts, but to sum it up, if bitten by a high-risk animal (wildlife esp bats, or unknown status dog/cat) inject rabies immunoglobulin near the site and start the vaccine series. If the patient is immunocompromised, an additional dose is recommended on day 28. You will see this on Rosh and/or inservice about what days to administer the vaccine.
Per ACIP and the CDC, you should be injecting RIG around the wound as much as possible, and then if there is any leftover, inject into the contralateral deltoid/thigh of where you administered the vaccine. Ex. bite in the right hand, RIG in the right deltoid, and vaccine in the left deltoid or thigh.
Per the WHO, you only need to administer RIG near the bite, and if you have any left over, don’t need to inject the rest into the deltoid/thigh.
Per both, if you don’t have enough RIG to properly infiltrate near the bite, then you can dilute with sterile saline.
Onto antibiotics for bites.
More important in cat bites than dog bites due to the little kitty dagger teeth and ~5% dog bites become infected. There are high risk bites in which antibiotics are recommended: injuries requiring surgical repair, wounds on the hand, face, or genitals, close proximity to a bone or joint (even a prosthetic one), near areas of vascular/lymphatic compromise, immunocompromised patients, deep puncture wounds (kitty dagger teeth bites), or associated crush injury. Your main choice of antibiotic will be Amoxicillin-clavulunate 875/125 BID (augmentin) for 7 days, you are trying to cover Pasteurella multocida. If none of these are present, then it can be a discussion about prophylaxis with the patient, and shared decision making with a two day wound check.
Here are some tables with rare infections due to bites from other animals. (Not pictured, Vibrio from a shark bite). Good luck making it to the end and avoiding manbearpighorsekomododragon attacks:
If you made it this far here are some other options for antibiotics for other pesky creatures:
DeMaria Jr, Alfred, and Catherine M. Brown. “Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of rabies.” UpToDate (2018).
Human Rabies. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/location/usa/surveillance/human_rabies.html
World Health Organization. “Frequently asked questions about rabies for clinicians. 2018.”
DeMaria, A. “Rabies immune globulin and vaccine.” Up to Date. (2014).
Baddour, Larry M., Marvin Harper, and A. B. Wolfson. “Animal bites (dogs, cats, and other animals): evaluation and management.” UpToDate (2019).
Dendle, Claire, and David Looke. “Animal bites: an update for management with a focus on infections.” Emergency Medicine Australasia 20.6 (2008): 458-467.
Abrahamian, Fredrick M., and Ellie JC Goldstein. “Microbiology of animal bite wound infections.” Clinical microbiology reviews 24.2 (2011): 231-246. | <urn:uuid:fdda84b4-75c9-4bd3-a96f-2ec96a1adfa7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sinaiem.org/foam/rabies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.919268 | 1,146 | 2.875 | 3 |
'Bush v. Gore' was decided a year ago. As expected, it evoked a flood of journalistic and academic commentary. The present authors write to express dissatisfaction with the resulting literature. They find it in general to be dominated by the usual political discourse conducted from opposite ends of the usual political spectrum, with both ends sharing an assumption that the Supreme Court was animated in its decision by the usual political motives that it has become conventional to see in the actions of that institution. Left almost completely out of view have been the more personal selfish motives of the Justices that seem to the present authors to be obvious, unusual, and paramount. Those motives and the reluctance of others to comment on them are here taken to suggest that either the Court nor its supporters or critics are seriously concerned, as these aurhors are, with the continuing decline of the right to self-government that is dramatically marked by yet another decision by Justices who demea the authority of elected officials.
Paul D. Carrington & H. Jefferson Powell, The Right to Self-Government After Bush v. Gore 1-19 (2001) | <urn:uuid:4bb0ad15-4fe7-42d2-a083-60259b22395c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/faculty_scholarship/830/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00495-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971775 | 223 | 1.71875 | 2 |
What is Functional Medicine?
The Functional Medicine model of care is an individualized, patient-centered, science-based approach that engages both the provider and patient to find the root cause of disease and promote overall wellness. This requires a detailed understanding of the patient’s genetic, biochemical, and lifestyle factors to create personalized treatment plans. Functional medicine bridges a gap between allopathic or conventional medicine and naturopathic medicine.
The Institute of Functional Medicine (IFM) provides evidence-based education to providers seeking training in Functional Medicine. They offer a rigorous certification exam, and after completion of all modules, a case study, and examination, providers earn the prestigious title of IFMCP: Institute of Functional Medicine Certified Practitioner. This certification program is limited to certain licensed healthcare professions such as MD, DO, ND, NP, PA, and nutritionists or dietitians with a master’s degree, so you can rest assured your Functional Medicine practitioner is well-educated.
What To Expect
- Investigation of nutritional, metabolic, mental/emotional, and/or physical imbalances
- Review of other pertinent symptoms or aspects of your intake form
- Initial treatment plan
- Time for questions
*Please arrive on time to allow us the full allotted time with you. We will do our very best to limit waiting, as we respect your time as well.
Your second and subsequent visits include reviewing labs and creating a personalized holistic plan including movement, relaxation/stress management, nutrition, and supplementation recommendations. You should expect to be an active participant in your care plan and come with an open mind and eagerness to make changes. Follow-up visits are 30-45 minutes in length, and regular follow-ups are encouraged until symptoms have improved. Then you can expect to have a check-in visit on an as-needed or bi-annual basis.
The frequency of your appointments will vary based on your concern and what the doctor believes is in your best interest. Generally, your appointments will be every 2-4 weeks initially and become farther apart, about every 1-3 months, as you achieve higher and higher degrees of health.
Timeline to Health
In general, Functional Medicine protocols generate health on a deeper level and this takes time. Some estimates are 1 month for every year you have been sick, however this is not always true. Colds, flus, and other acute conditions can be resolved very quickly, often in just a few days. Chronic conditions, however, often take months to years. Although the timeline to renewed health may seem long, our goal is that you will begin to see positive and lasting changes throughout your consultations.
Schedule an Appointment Online
If nutrition and lifestyle changes in combination with essential supplementation fail to improve health symptoms, it is often necessary to order functional testing. Standard tests that help your functional medicine provider include genetic, hormone, GI, nutrient, organic acids, chronic infection, toxicity, and food intolerance/allergy testing. We work with various labs to bring you the most cost-effective and valuable results. Unfortunately, insurance companies often do not cover this functional testing. Pricing can range from $150 to $700 and will be discussed during your visits.
Our Functional Medicine Practitioners
(Click image for more information) | <urn:uuid:1fe70a5e-0bac-47f7-838a-e9b82fc1ba2e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://elixirbend.com/functional-medicine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.936631 | 692 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Solicitation makes statements "not supported by science"
GRAND CANYON, Ariz. -- The Arizona Game and Fish Department is asking the Sierra Club to retract a fundraising letter that makes false statements about Arizona’s endangered condor population. The department (AZGFD) says untrue claims were made about hazards to condor health in a fundraising letter from Michael Brune, executive director of the Sierra Club. In his June 24 fundraising appeal, Brune claims a link between uranium mining and condor health.
Despite a moratorium against uranium mines in effect until 2032, the Sierra Club’s fundraising letter implies numerous times that uranium mining is a specific threat to condors. Michael Brune’s letter claims “An estimated 3,000 mines could be opened up. For the 78 remaining critically endangered California Condors that live in the Grand Canyon, that would be nothing short of devastating … radioactive, toxic waste would deluge one of our nation's most iconic, majestic parks and wildlife that live there.”
Wildlife scientists working to reintroduce condors in Arizona have made steady progress by limiting condors’ exposure to lead, convincing Arizona hunters to voluntarily use lead-free ammunition within condor range and eliminating other impediments to their recovery. But according to Allen Zufelt, condor program coordinator for the Arizona Game and Fish Department, uranium has not been identified as a factor.
“Since 1996, when condors were first released into Arizona, we have had exactly zero cases of morbidity or mortality caused by any sort of uranium poisoning,” Zufelt said. “There is no peer-reviewed scientific information that indicates any link. Our condor population faces enough legitimate threats that there’s no need to create false scares.”
Chris Parish, Arizona-Utah Condor Reintroduction Project Director for the Peregrine Fund, has been a hands-on participant in condor recovery. His organization also takes exception to the Sierra Club’s claims. “We have not documented any sickness or death in the Arizona-Utah population of condors caused by uranium,” Parish said. “Lead poisoning remains the number one problem for condor survival.”
Eric Davis, California condor coordinator for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, works closely with AZGFD and the Peregrine Fund on the condor reintroduction project. “Lead poisoning is the biggest threat to California condors. I am not aware of uranium poisoning being a threat to condors,” Davis said.
“We have let others debate uranium issues because our primary concern is Arizona’s wildlife, not uranium. But when Sierra Club drags wildlife into the argument to raise funds through absolute misrepresentation, we’re going to call them on it,” said Pat Madden, chairman of the Arizona Game and Fish Commission. “Uranium has been present at the Canyon for millions of years, and nothing the Sierra Club can do in a courtroom will ever change that. Suggesting that sending money to the Sierra Club can protect condors from a non-existent threat is less than honest. This must stop.”
For more information on how AZGFD protects and conserves wildlife, visit www.azgfd.gov. | <urn:uuid:4df94723-9171-4b46-aca1-ba8cadef7726> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://4x4wire.com/entry/arizona-game-and-fish-wants-sierra-club-to-retract-fundraising-letter | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00075-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920694 | 679 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Kahn, C. (2011) The Jewish World of Sigmund Freud: Essays on Cultural Roots and the Problem of Religious Identity. Edited by Arnold D. Richards. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2010, viii + 196 pp.. Psychoanalytic Review 98:893-901
This is part of the PEP-Web Archive. The full content of the document is available to PEP-Archive subscribers. (Session has not been authenticated)
You must be logged in to read the full document. Click here to login . | <urn:uuid:66ee8562-550c-4fa6-9599-52ff18075c52> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pep-web.org/search/document/PSAR.098.0893A | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.812543 | 116 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Lumbar Laminectomy Surgery
Over our lifetime, our spinal column works hard at a number of things. It allows our upper body to be very flexible by allowing us to twist from left to right and bend forwards and backwards. It is also responsible for protecting the spinal cord, part of the central nervous system that has the important task of relaying messages from the brain to our nervous system and back again, including feeling and muscle instruction which lets us bend and flex our muscles. Because of the amount of movement out spinal column endures throughout our lifetime, it’s no surprise that the vertebrae, discs and ligaments that make up the spinal column suffer from wear and degeneration over time. Spinal stenosis is usually the result of this degeneration and sometimes requires lumbar laminectomy surgery.
What is Lumbar Laminectomy Surgery?
Lumbar laminectomy surgery is performed on patients that are suffering from chronic and intense back pain. The lamina is the posterior arch of the vertebral bone lying between the spinous process, making up the wall of the spinal canal. A lamina is almost never removed because it is affected, but rather to give the soft tissue room to expand (for decompression) or to aid in changing the contour of the spinal column to allow the surgeon access onto the spinal canal. A lumbar laminectomy surgery is simply a surgical procedure to remove a portion of the lamina.
Lumbar Laminectomy Surgery Procedure
There are several different methods of lumbar laminectomy surgery, from minimally invasive to open surgery. On average, 450 out of 100,000 cases need surgery to correct which makes it a very small percentage. For the procedure, the patient will be placed in a kneeling position as this alleviates some pressure on the spine. The surgeon will then make a small straight incision over the affected vertebrae and down to the lamina.
The first step is to remove the ligament joining the vertebrae to the lamina to expose the nerve root, which is then pulled back towards the middle of the spinal column and then part of the lamina is removed. The surgery site is closed. Following the operation, you should expect some pain which is completely normal. Your surgeon will encourage you to begin walking a few hours after your surgery. You will be given a list of instructions to aid with comfortably managing your body after the operation and a follow up will be made with your doctor.
Costs of Lumbar Laminectomy Surgery
Lumbar Laminectomy Surgery is covered by the NHS in full so if you are one of the candidates for this surgery, you can rest easily knowing that you won’t have to cough up the large amount of money asked for a procedure like this. The huge variations in the surgical procedure make a cost estimate impossible and you should consult with your doctor or surgeon for an approximation of what this procedure will cost if you do have to pay for the lumbar laminectomy surgery yourself. | <urn:uuid:f7dab346-006a-42a1-b082-ae76fedc96a5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.discsurgery.co.uk/disc-surgery-treatments/lumbar-laminectomy-surgery.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00182-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938476 | 621 | 2.40625 | 2 |
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