text stringlengths 181 608k | id stringlengths 47 47 | dump stringclasses 3 values | url stringlengths 13 2.97k | file_path stringlengths 125 140 | language stringclasses 1 value | language_score float64 0.65 1 | token_count int64 50 138k | score float64 1.5 5 | int_score int64 2 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
If the pursuit of truth, is in fact an exercise in exploitation, constraints on free expression become necessary to protect diversity.
Recently fired as the head coach of the National Football League’s Miami Dolphins, Brian Flores has filed a “systemic discrimination” lawsuit against the Dolphins as well as two other NFL teams and the NFL itself. But the remedies Flores seeks go beyond affirmative action and results.
Flores’s Complaint is a savvy marketing device based on the concrete reality that there is only one black head coach in the National Football League whose players are 70 percent black. Such a fact makes an immediate and undeniable impression on everyone, sports fan or not. How can such a reality exist today, especially in light of today’s public emphasis on race? But what the Complaint proposes to make of civil rights law is another thing entirely. Flores has labeled his lawsuit as a “class action,” but he is the only plaintiff.
The spotlight rhetoric and op-ed-style bombardment begin with the first line of the Complaint quoting a text from New England head coach Bill Belichick to Flores that he had “fucked this up”—referencing his communication about a possible coaching position for Flores. (When has another federal lawsuit begun with that word?) Immediately following is a quotation from Martin Luther King. Next, Harriet Tubman and other civil rights leaders of the past are cited, noting that the Complaint was being filed on the first day of Black History Month.
The NFL, the Complaint asserts, is managed “much like a plantation” (with millionaire professional football superstars apparently serving the role of slaves). In three different places, the Complaint contains a lineup of mug-shots—in color—displaying the overwhelming whiteness of the 32-team league’s head coaches (of whom only one is black), the league’s general managers (of whom only six are black), and team owners (of whom none is black). Res ipsa loquitur! What else need be said or alleged? This style of legal “pleading” continues as the foundation of the case throughout the 58-page document. Although just hired as an assistant coach of the Pittsburgh Steelers at the end of February, Flores has announced that he will continue with this high-profile suit.
Flores says that he intends to add allegations of employment discrimination under Title VII of the federal civil rights law. But he is for now leading with Section 1981 of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, the oldest civil rights act, with its language that “all persons” shall have the same rights “as is enjoyed by white citizens.” Flores seeks a dramatic and comprehensive “injunctive relief” of court-ordered racial results that would establish institutional structures and policies that “black individuals” be involved in hiring and terminating general managers and all coaches; requiring black coaches’ and players’ participation in interviews for those three positions; setting up a special committee to get “black investors” to take “majority ownership” of NFL teams; instituting monetary incentives for teams to hire black general managers and coaches; creating a “training program” for black coaches who have an aptitude for and are interested in coaching at higher levels; and requiring “reduce[d] to writing” “subjective” as well as “objective” criteria for hiring and firing decisions.
Even among this creative list of proposed court-ordered remedies, that last logical and linguistic self-contradiction stands out: written-down “objective” criteria for subjective decisions. It is difficult to imagine the fact-finding a court would have to undertake leading to its decision about whether a team’s hiring or firing decision was in violation of the code of objectively subjective criteria. And would the court’s decision itself be subjective or objective?
But regarding the pleaded facts allegedly proving racial discrimination, the fundamental flaw is that Flores seeks these remedies based on a comparison of the number of black coaches to the number of black players. Flores charges that in the last 20 years “only 11% of Head Coach positions have been filled by Black candidates—in a league where 70% of players are Black.”
The problem here is that a genuine affirmative-action and disparate-impact class-action civil rights suit would have to compare like to like. In this case, it would have to set off currently employed black coaches against the pool of available and not-hired black coaches. But Flores compares coaches to players. If he knew the pool of qualified coaches, he would certainly have included it. In seeking for the Court to order the NFL to “create and fund a training program for lower level Black coaches” the Complaint admits its inability to take up the causes of not-hired black coaches because it does not know how many there are who have been victims of racial discrimination.
Likewise, the Complaint also directly contradicts itself about the alleged failure of the Rooney Rule that for the last 20 years has required NFL teams to interviews minority candidates for general manager as well as the top three coaching positions. It is the failure of that rule that has resulted in “only 11%” of black coaches having been hired over that period. But with no data on interviewed and rejected black coaches, that 11% racial makeup may be referred to another standard: blacks currently make up 12.4% of the country’s population. So, by that comparison, black head coach hiring is nearly perfect, and there has been no racial discrimination. Likewise, the Complaint concedes that 12.5 percent of the offensive coordinators, 34 percent of defensive coordinators, and 25 percent of special teams’ coordinators are currently black. Flores does not mention that in 2007-09 50% of the six Super Bowl head coaches were black. One might conclude from these facts that the Rooney Rule is in fact working.
The Complaint includes at least eight individual cases of alleged racial discrimination regarding the hiring and firing of coaches. But all of them can be the basis of individual personal or civil-rights lawsuits. Why include those cases in a sweeping and general class-action—except that they are all so subjective and speculative, like the class action, that they could not survive a court’s decision on their own individual merits? Or is it because none could survive on their own as involving individual damages or racial discrimination?
The Complaint also contains the amazing grievance that there has never been a black team owner, but it does not allege that any black billionaire has ever tried to buy an NFL team and been discouraged or denied. And what can a court do about this problem: order black individuals to buy NFL teams? Might they demand that an existing owner sell his or her team to a black billionaire? And should affirmative action for black billionaires really be a public and legal issue today?
And how can the Miami Dolphins be guilty of racial discrimination? In December, Flores was completing his third year as head coach of the Miami Dolphins—unlike 31 of the 32 other NFL teams. Was not Miami more than exemplary, deserving of praise, and proof that the Rooney Rule was working? But in December, the team fired Flores for what Flores says in his Complaint was his “poor collaboration.” Does Flores not understand that now the Dolphins can defend themselves against a claim of racism by offering public evidence in depositions, hearings, and trial of any actual poor collaboration? Flores goes on to accuse Miami of two acts of coercive misconduct in dealing with him. Those acts, if true, might support a personal suit in damages, but Flores does not describe those two incidents in racial terms. Nor does Flores accuse the team of racial bias regarding those incidents.
With its systemic indirectness and failure to offer any direct proof of intentional racial discrimination, it is hard to imagine how the Flores suit could survive the rule of Comcast v. National Association of African-American-Owned Media, another Section 1981 case, in which the Supreme Court unanimously ruled against a claim that cable-television Comcast had racially discriminated in refusing to carry a black-owned network. The majority opinion for eight of the nine justices held that the rejected network had failed to prove intentional racial discrimination, that is, “but for race, it would not have suffered the loss of a legally protected right.”
The Southern District of New York has now reset the first hearing in the case for April 29. As of the date of this writing, none of the defendants has filed an answer. It is hard to understand how the Flores Complaint, with all its legal and non-legal flourishes, can pass the rule of Comcast. | <urn:uuid:7f6df1b9-a06c-4059-84f5-6a4ced4c979c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lawliberty.org/race-lawfare-hits-the-nfl/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.969228 | 1,793 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Seattle Needs Ride Sharing
"Verizon Lifestyle Blogger"
The City of Seattle is in the process of deciding whether or not to eliminate ride-sharing services such as Uber , Lyft and Sidecar .
Is that a good thing?
If you've ever watched Portlandia, you have an idea of what it's like to live 200 miles north. Seattle is very open and progressive, but at the same time it feels the need to regulate almost everything. Our City Council can get bogged down on inane issues, such as spitting in public parks.
However, when communication delivery shifted from print to the web, would it have made sense for the Seattle City Council to regulate online information sources in order to keep local printers in business? Of course not.
Which brings us back to getting around town.
The taxi industry is in revolt over the unfairness of competing with ride-sharing enterprises. Taxis are subjected to layers of regulation, where ride-sharing entities are not. It makes sense to analyze the different requirements for ride sharing and taxis, and do what is reasonable to level the playing field.
But another part of the equation is that the taxi industry hasn't adapted to change. It's difficult to compete with Über, which lives on smartphones, and for a reasonable cost, provides instant communication, safety, and timely responses to its customers.
Instead of discouraging new, faster and cheaper ways to get around, shouldn't Seattle be looking at ways to improve options for consumers, cultivate employment, and identify ways to bolster local government through the taxes it collects?
Seattle is a welcoming environment for people of all stripes. It is an incubator of innovation. Amazon, Microsoft, Starbucks, Nordstrom, Costco and many other trailblazing companies began here. And some have crushed, or at least dented, their competitors.
I think ride-sharing services should be allowed to operate. Having said that, I'd like to add they should be subject to oversight, be licensed, insured, and pay taxes.
To survive, a business needs to be nimble. It may be time for taxi companies to evaluate their business models to compete with ride sharing. It could be a win-win for all.
Do you have ride sharing in your city? What do you think?
To see Conan and the stars of "Ride Along" use "Lyft," click the link below:
Above: Robert Deniro in Taxi Driver via Columbia Pictures Corporation | <urn:uuid:9a42e154-8380-48eb-bb86-0fd276062576> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://seattledesigner.blogspot.com/2013/12/seattle-needs-ride-sharing.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00016-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955427 | 503 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Do you need to allow the user to select a screen position? Would you like to provide some feedback as they move the cursor around the screen?
If so, the SpecifyScreenPosition function and the overlay graphics primitives are just what you need. The SpecifyScreenPosition function allows you to define a "motion callback function" that will be called each time a mouse movement is detected. If you have created any Windows forms applications, this would be very similar to the MouseMove event. The motion callback works with Overlay Graphics Primitives (OGP) to allow for some cool graphical effects that are very useful for user feedback. Think about using a selection rectangle or lasso in NX; there is visual feedback regarding the size and position of the selection method, but they are just temporary objects - you don't end up with four new lines in your part file each time you use a selection rectangle.
So how does it work?
The SpecifyScreenPosition function allows you to supply a function of your design that it will call each time the mouse is moved. Within this motion callback, you can call special functions that draw lines, arcs, circles, and polylines using what are known as Overlay Graphics Primitives. The OGP's are special temporary objects in NX that know how to clean themselves up. Each time the motion callback function executes, the OGP's are removed from the screen before new ones are created. This can create a relatively smooth animation effect while the user is deciding on a position to use. Usually, when doing animation such as this, the programmer has to clean up any temporary objects before creating the new ones; but here, the NXOpen API takes care of the hard work for us.
Let's imagine that you want to create a circle of a given size at a position of the user's choosing. The journal below will show a circle of the desired size that moves around with the cursor as the user decides where to place it. When the user clicks to confirm their choice, an actual arc object will be created at the specified position.
'NXJournaling.com 'October 7, 2014 ' 'Overlay graphics demo with SpecifyScreenPosition function: 'Give the user visual feedback when picking a point on the screen. ' Option Strict Off Imports System Imports NXOpen Imports NXOpen.UF Module overlay_graphics Dim theSession As Session = Session.GetSession() Dim theUI As UI = UI.GetUI() Dim theUfSession As UFSession = UFSession.GetUFSession() Dim lw As ListingWindow = theSession.ListingWindow Dim workPart As Part = theSession.Parts.Work Const inchCircleDia As Double = 2 Const mmCircleDia As Double = 50 Dim circleDia As Double Dim circleOrientation(8) As Double Sub Main() If IsNothing(theSession.Parts.Work) Then 'active part required Return End If lw.Open() If workPart.PartUnits = BasePart.Units.Inches Then circleDia = inchCircleDia Else circleDia = mmCircleDia End If Const undoMarkName As String = "NXJ overlay graphics demo" Dim markId1 As Session.UndoMarkId markId1 = theSession.SetUndoMark(Session.MarkVisibility.Visible, undoMarkName) 'move the WCS to absolute (to keep our example simple) Dim absXform As Xform = workPart.Xforms.CreateXform(SmartObject.UpdateOption.WithinModeling, 1) Dim absCsys As CartesianCoordinateSystem = workPart.CoordinateSystems.CreateCoordinateSystem(absXform, SmartObject.UpdateOption.WithinModeling) Dim csys3 As CartesianCoordinateSystem = workPart.WCS.SetCoordinateSystemCartesianAtCsys(absCsys) 'define the orientation of our circle object to lie on the absolute XY plane circleOrientation(0) = 1 circleOrientation(1) = 0 circleOrientation(2) = 0 circleOrientation(3) = 0 circleOrientation(4) = 1 circleOrientation(5) = 0 circleOrientation(6) = 0 circleOrientation(7) = 0 circleOrientation(8) = 1 Dim selectedPoint(2) As Double selectedPoint = SelectScreenPoint() If IsNothing(selectedPoint) Then Return End If Dim theCenPt As New Point3d(selectedPoint(0), selectedPoint(1), selectedPoint(2)) DrawCircle(theCenPt, circleDia / 2) lw.Close() End Sub Function SelectScreenPoint() As Double() 'Allow user to interactively pick the point where the circle 'will be placed. 'This Function needs Sub MotionCallback() to work properly. Dim myScreenPos(2) As Double Dim theViewTag As Tag = theSession.Parts.Display.Views.WorkView.Tag Dim theResponse As Integer theUfSession.Ui.LockUgAccess(UFConstants.UF_UI_FROM_CUSTOM) theUfSession.Ui.SpecifyScreenPosition("pick a point", AddressOf MotionCallback, Nothing, myScreenPos, theViewTag, theResponse) theUfSession.Ui.UnlockUgAccess(UFConstants.UF_UI_FROM_CUSTOM) If theResponse = UFConstants.UF_UI_PICK_RESPONSE Then Return myScreenPos Else Return Nothing End If End Function Sub MotionCallback(ByVal pos() As Double, _ ByRef motion_cb_data As UFUi.MotionCbData, _ ByVal client_data As System.IntPtr) 'This sub will be called every time a cursor move is detected during the 'SpecifyScreenPosition function. 'The parameters motion_cb_data and client_data are not used in this implementation, 'but the Sub must have the same signature as UFUI.MotionFnT to work properly. 'draw temporary circle for visual cue theUfSession.Disp.DisplayOgpCircle(theSession.Parts.Display.Views.WorkView.Tag, circleOrientation, pos, circleDia / 2) 'also see: ' DisplayOgpArc ' DisplayOgpLine ' DisplayOgpPolyline End Sub Sub DrawCircle(ByVal centerPoint As Point3d, ByVal radius As Double) Dim origin1 As Point = workPart.Points.CreatePoint(centerPoint) Dim nullFeatures_AssociativeArc As Features.AssociativeArc = Nothing Dim associativeArcBuilder1 As Features.AssociativeArcBuilder associativeArcBuilder1 = workPart.BaseFeatures.CreateAssociativeArcBuilder(nullFeatures_AssociativeArc) With associativeArcBuilder1 .Type = Features.AssociativeArcBuilder.Types.ArcFromCenter .Limits.FullCircle = True .CenterPoint.Value = origin1 .EndPointOptions = Features.AssociativeArcBuilder.EndOption.Radius .Radius.RightHandSide = radius.ToString .Associative = False End With Dim nXObject1 As NXObject nXObject1 = associativeArcBuilder1.Commit() Dim objects1() As NXObject objects1 = associativeArcBuilder1.GetCommittedObjects() associativeArcBuilder1.Destroy() End Sub End Module
Under the Hood
Shown below is the definition of the SpecifyScreenPosition function taken from the API help file:
Public Sub SpecifyScreenPosition ( _ message As String, _ motion_cb As UFUi.MotionFnT, _ motion_cb_data As IntPtr, _ <OutAttribute> screen_pos As Double(), _ <OutAttribute> ByRef view_tag As Tag, _ <OutAttribute> ByRef response As Integer _ )
Let's take a look at each of the parameters.
- message: text that will be shown in the NX prompt area (input)
- motion_cb: the motion callback function that we want to call during the selection process (input)
- motion_cb_data: any information that you need to pass into the motion callback function (input)
- screen_pos: an array of doubles representing the point picked by the user (output)
- view_tag: the tag of the view in which you want to perform the selection (output)
- response: an integer value representing the action taken by the user (did the user pick a point, or press cancel?) (output)
If you'd like to use the SpecifyScreenPosition function but do not need to use the callback functionality, pass null values (the Nothing keyword in VB.net) for the motion_cb and motion_cb_data. But since you are the more adventurous sort, let's take a closer look at using the callback function. For the motion_cb, it appears we need to pass in an object of type UFUi.MotionFnT; so what is that exactly? The motion callback function must have a very specific list of parameters; the SpecifyScreenPositon function is programmed to work with particular input/output. The UFUi.MotionFnT defines what the signature of our motion callback function must be. Below is the definition of the UFUi.MotionFnT:
Public Delegate Function MotionFnT ( _ screen_pos As Double(), _ ByRef motion_cb_data As UFUi.MotionCbData, _ data As IntPtr _ ) As Void
All of the arguments are inputs to the function, these inputs will be provided by the SpecifyScreenPosition function. Our callback function must accept the exact same arguments or errors will occur. The function is defined as Void, which simply means it will not return a value; we'll use a subroutine in our VB implementation rather than a function.
- screen_pos: an array of double values representing the current location of the cursor
- motion_cb_data: a structure containing information on which view the cursor is in and the start position of the cursor
- data: this is a reference to the motion_cb_data that we passed to the SpecifyScreenPosition function
So each time the SpecifyScreenPositon function detects a movement of the mouse, it will call our callback function and pass in the new position of the cursor, information about the view, and any custom data that we originally gave to it. Of these values, screen_pos is the most important; it is the only one required to make use of the overlay graphics and in the simple example above it is the only value that is used.
Ignoring the comments in the MotionCallback subroutine, we see that it boils down to a single line of code: the one that draws the overlay graphics primitive.
Sub MotionCallback(ByVal pos() As Double, _ ByRef motion_cb_data As UFUi.MotionCbData, _ ByVal client_data As System.IntPtr) theUfSession.Disp.DisplayOgpCircle(theSession.Parts.Display.Views.WorkView.Tag, circleOrientation, pos, circleDia / 2) End Sub
Most of the inputs to the DisplayOgpCircle function are module level variables defined elsewhere in the journal. Using module level variables is a quick way to access needed information in the MotionCallback function; the alternative is to use the client_data which involves marshaling memory locations which is beyond the scope of this article. The pos variable is an array of values representing the current cursor location, this point is used as the center point of the OGP circle. The example only makes one call to an OGP function, but you can use several calls to create more complex shapes such as polygons, stars, smiley faces, or whatever else you can come up with. However, bear in mind that the MotionCallback function may be called many times during the journal execution and must run quickly to keep a responsive feel. You will want to minimize the amount of processing done in the MotionCallback subroutine to maximize execution speed.
Providing some visual feedback to the user during a selection process can greatly improve the usability of your journal. Consider using overlay graphics primitives along with the SpecifyScreenPosition function when you need to place objects or symbols. | <urn:uuid:6f785819-cd0b-4294-8dd8-d68e0cf4f91b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://nxjournaling.com/content/overlay-graphics | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00054-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.749945 | 2,624 | 2.328125 | 2 |
The Trickster’s Transformation – from Africa to America
Keywords:African-American literature, African myths, the trickster
AbstractOne of the most favorite characters in many African myths and folk tales is definitely a trickster. As a part of the African cultural heritage, the trickster has an important place in the cultures of many African nations. He is an entertainer, teacher, judge and a sage. Many comic aspects of life are brought together through the trickster, as well as serious social processes. He rewards and punishes. He is a deity and an ordinary man, if not an animal. During the Middle Passage Era he goes along with his suffering people to the New World. New circumstances require him to change and assume new forms. He has to be a rebel and a protector of his people due to slavery and violation of human rights. So, from comical spider and monkey back in Africa, we now have new characters such as Railroad Bill, Brother John, Br’er Rabbit and many hoodoo doctors. African oral tradition is transformed and becomes the basis for African-American literature.
How to Cite
Vajić, N. (2017). The Trickster’s Transformation – from Africa to America. European Journal of Social Science Education and Research, 4(3), 133–137. https://doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v10i1.p133-137
Copyright (c) 2021 European Journal of Social Science Education and Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. | <urn:uuid:7bca0f5c-741a-4c75-9339-7a237d74656f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://revistia.com/index.php/ejser/article/view/6505 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.914446 | 376 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Note: This is an archived Handbook entry from 2012.
|Dates & Locations:|| |
This subject has the following teaching availabilities in 2012:February, Parkville - Taught on campus.
July, Parkville - Taught on campus.
October, Parkville - Taught on campus.
Timetable can be viewed here. For information about these dates, click here.
|Time Commitment:||Contact Hours: 24 hours of lectures/seminars/workshops |
Total Time Commitment: Attendance at all classes (tutorial/seminars/practical classes/lectures/labs) is obligatory. Failure to attend 80% of classes will normally result in failure in the subject.
|Recommended Background Knowledge:||None|
|Non Allowed Subjects:||None|
|Core Participation Requirements:||
For the purposes of considering request for Reasonable Adjustments under the Disability Standards for Education (Cwth 2005), and Students Experiencing Academic Disadvantage Policy, academic requirements for this subject are articulated in the Subject Description, Subject Objectives, Generic Skills and Assessment Requirements of this entry.
The University is dedicated to provide support to those with special requirements. Further details on the disability support scheme can be found at the HDisability Liaison Unit websiteH: Hhttp://www.services.unimelb.edu.au/disability/H
CoordinatorMrs Susan Worthington
ContactEducation Student Centre
|Subject Overview:||This subject examines the processes of communicating across cultures. Topics include language as a manifestation and reflection of culture; language, culture and identity; politeness and "face"; cultural variations in nonverbal communication; power in interpersonal interactions; negotiating a shared basis for communication; discourse variations between cultures; and intercultural gender awareness.|
|Objectives:||On completion of this subject, students should be able to: |
|Assessment:||Essay 1: 1,000 words (25 per cent) due week 5 |
Oral Presentation: 20 minutes, 1,000 words equivalent (25 per cent) due week 8
Essay 2: 2,000 words (50 per cent) due week 14
|Breadth Options:|| |
This subject is not available as a breadth subject.
|Fees Information:||Subject EFTSL, Level, Discipline & Census Date|
Graduate Diploma in English as an International Language |
Download PDF version. | <urn:uuid:ef32736d-5ba2-4578-8958-3b41a4e657ba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://archive.handbook.unimelb.edu.au/view/2012/educ90077/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.847284 | 574 | 1.65625 | 2 |
The Ministry of Defence is investigating reports of a loud bang that has been heard across a large part of England.
Warwickshire Fire and Rescue Service also said it was looking into what caused the mysterious noise heard at about 18:10 BST.
Reports have come from across the West Midlands, Warwickshire and Oxfordshire.
One Coventry resident said his house shook. "I thought somebody had thrown a brick through the window," he said.
Some of those who heard it said the sound lasted just a few seconds.
The MoD said it was looking into reports of a loud bang in Oxfordshire.
The British Geological Survey also said it was investigating the incident.
There were reports of the noise being heard in Bath, Swindon, Coventry, Rugby and Oxford.
Birmingham Airport dismissed suggestions the sound could have been caused by a sonic boom as a plane came in to land. Source | <urn:uuid:9eeb125e-b28d-4c4d-8fa1-545c80483a53> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://thecomingcrisis.blogspot.com/2012/04/big-bang-in-coventry-area-blamed-on.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00342-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.989314 | 188 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Posted on: Monday, September 18, 2017
MBO: The modern model of objective setting is known as the “Management by Objectives” or “MBO”. This model was first discussed by Peter Drucker in 1954 in his book – “The Practice of Management”.
Meaning and Definition of MBO: MBO is a process where by both superior and subordinate managers jointly identify their common goals or their work unit and define each employee major areas of responsibility and goals with his active participation.
Carlisle – “Management by Objective is a process by which the members of a work unit individually meet with their superior to establish performance related goods.”
Boone and Koontz – “MBO is a prgramme designed to improve employee’s motivation by having them participate in setting their own goals, letting them know in advance precisely have they will be evaluated.”
Characteristics of MBO :
- A Philosophy of Management
- Goal Oriented Approach
- An Interactive Approach
- A Comprehensive Approach
- A System Approach
- Applies to Total Management System
- Aims at Optimum Results
- Simple Universal Approach
- Multiple Uses
- Participation and Involvement
- Common Objectives and Individual Goals
- Mutual understanding between superior and subordinate.
- Employees know their expected efforts and their contribution in overall performance.
- Employees participate in formulation of the plan.
- Employees know the results of their efforts.
- Employees want to be fairly rewarded for their performance.
Objectives of MBO :
(i) To set organizational units and individual goals by active participation of the all concerned.
(ii) To set verifiable and measurable goals.
(iii) To measure and judge performance.
(iv) To relate individual performances to organizational goals.
(v) To clarify both the job to be done and the expectation of accomplishment.
(vi) To foster the increasing competence and growth of subordinates.
(vii) To enhance communications between superiors and subordinates.
(viii) Serve as a basis for judgment about salary and promotion.
(ix) To stimulate the subordinates motivation.
(x) To serve as device for organizational control. | <urn:uuid:4133daf2-f240-40f8-a059-1427147f55e2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kajkhuji.com/content/resource/2017/09/18/mbo-its-characteristics-and-objective | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.951304 | 471 | 2.90625 | 3 |
You might have stumbled upon the term “hearts and arrows diamonds” and somehow have seen it referred to diamonds of superb cut quality. And indeed, just around 1% of all diamonds produced in the entire world are true hearts and arrows diamonds!
The term hearts and diamonds actually refers to the heart and arrows patterns that can be viewed in an optically perfect diamond when viewed through a hearts and arrows viewer. A hearts and arrows viewer should not be confused with an Idealscope or an Angular Spectrum Evaluation Tool (ASET). These are both tools to evaluate the light performance of a diamond. A hearts and arrows viewer however only has the function of depicting the hearts and arrows patterns of a diamond as crisp as possible by providing a color contrast.
On the left side on the picture below you can see a perfect diamond displaying eight symmetrical hearts. This results from putting the diamond into a hearts and arrows viewer with the table down. On the right side you can see the typical eight arrows which result from viewing the diamond with the table facing up.
By the way, don’t be surprised if you will sometimes find hearts and arrows pictures in blue, purple, orange or some other color. Red however is the most popular because it provides the highest degree of contrasting.
History of the hearts and arrows diamonds
In the 80es someone noticed in Japan that certain diamonds exhibited the typical hearts and arrows patterns. Japan was and still is a huge diamond market with a customer base that is particularly status oriented. If you have ever been to Japan you certainly will have noticed the high percentage of women walking around with Louis Vuitton bags.
The same applies to diamonds. Nowhere in the world are D-colored and IF graded diamonds as popular as in Japan. If you have read my posts about diamond color and diamond clarity you certainly know that this is a huge waste of money because you won’t really be able to appreciate these premium grades with your bare eyes, anyway.
Thus, hearts and arrows diamonds quickly became all the rage in Japan and made it into the new diamond status symbol.
These diamonds gradually swept over to the USA in the 90es and became popular as well. Diamond cutting pioneers such as Brian Gavin had a major influence in bringing hearts and arrows diamonds to further perfection.
Where exactly do the hearts and arrows patterns come from?
So, what is it inside a diamond that creates the hearts and arrows pattern?
This might be interesting for the diamond geeks among you. Let’s have a look at how the hearts are actually formed in a hearts and arrows diamond. If a diamond has perfect hearts it will also automatically exhibit perfect arrows! This is why diamond experts like Brian Gavin for instance tend to only look at the heart patterns to check the quality of a hearts and arrows diamond.
Furthermore, the hearts image of a diamond can only be taken if the diamond is lying flat on its table. In order to take the arrows image of a diamond the diamond has to be balanced on its tip which can cause some camera tilting so that the resulting image might be slightly inaccurate.
On the picture below you can see in sequence how the main pavilions are reflected to create the heart. The pavilions in a diamond are the 8 facets of a diamond that lead up to the pointed culet at the bottom of the diamond:
As you can easily see, the reflection of two pavilions is required to create one heart pattern.
Thus, two Pavilion facets create 1 heart and 2 single sides of the next heart and so on until all the hearts are complete.
Are all hearts and arrows labelled diamonds the same?
Now, for one thing you have to be aware that there is no industry standard whatsoever in terms of what a true hearts and arrows diamond actually is.
Some grading labs like IGI, HRD and some smaller Japanese grading labs actually grade hearts and arrows diamonds. The most prestigious diamond grading labs GIA and AGS however do not grade hearts and arrows.
Do you see any difference between the true and the near hearts and arrows diamond on the picture below? Both appear to be hearts and arrows diamonds, right?
The truth is that only the left diamond is a true hearts and arrows diamond whereas the right diamond is a near H&A diamond. In A1, A2 and A3, the heart is well defined, the gap between the arrow head is clear and distinct, and the clef split at A3 is very marginal. However in F1 and F2 the arrowhead border and the split between the heart and arrowhead is not distinct and clear. Especially, the clef split at F3 is too large for a true H&A diamond!
The truth is also that the difference between a true hearts and arrows diamond and a near H&A diamond is like the difference between an IF and a VVS1 diamond: You would not be able to make out the difference with your bare eyes but still there is a high premium price to be paid for the very best clarity grade.
What you are basically paying for in a true H&A diamond is the extraordinary craftsmanship that had to go into the production of the diamond. It takes a true master diamond cutter and many years of practice to be able to cut a diamond to true H&A proportions!
See the difference for yourself in action: This diamond is a true hearts and arrows diamond which you can see by looking at the hearts and arrows image. All hearts are equal, uniform and symmetrical. It sparkles very nicely and just like an ideal cut diamond should.
Now have a look at this near hearts and arrows diamond. If you hover above the hearts and arrows image it gets enlarged. You can clearly see that there is much more variation in the sizes of the hearts. The hearts do not appear to be completely uniform anymore. Although this seems like a very tiny difference this diamond would only be categorized as a neart hearts and arrows diamond.
However, I also think that this diamond has a superb sparkle, brilliance and scintillation and I don’t see any difference between the first true hearts and arrows diamond.
Thus, if you are looking to get the biggest bang for your buck I would definitely recommend to go for near H&A diamonds and not true H&A diamonds! There will be a large premium to pay for a true hearts and arrows diamond and the difference in terms of light performance will most likely not be noticeable.
How to differentiate between true H&A diamonds and near H&A diamonds?
Okay, so how exactly do you differentiate between a true and a near H&A diamond?
Assessing whether a diamond is a true H&A diamond is an visual exercise in which you will have to look closely at the following factors:
– There should be eight equal, symmetrical and uniform hearts.
– The hearts should be distinct and separated from the arrowheads above. Thus, there should be a gap between the hearts and the Vs. The gap should be crisp and clear.
– There should be no clefs in the outter middle side of the heart.
Are hearts and arrows diamonds really better than “usual” Exellent/Ideal diamonds?
Now, that all sounds really good. But does it really make a difference whether you have a hearts and arrows diamond or just another Excellent/Ideal cut diamond without the hearts and arrows pattern?
For one thing, a H&A diamond is superb marketing instrument that also appeals to the romantic nature of the people who are usually looking for a diamond.
In the end a true H&A diamond is a diamond with a perfect symmetry. But the light performance of a diamond is only partly based on the symmetry of the diamond. The most important thing in a diamond is and remains the cut. A diamond could for instance be a true H&A diamond but have a bad crown angle degree for instance which would cause the light performance to become bad. Thus, the perfect symmetry in a diamond is only useful when the diamond is cut to perfect proportions. Read my post about the perfect diamond proportions for round cut diamonds to get to know more about this.
So, how is the light performance of a hearts and arrows diamond compared to a usual Excellent/Ideal diamond?
The true value of a hearts and arrows diamond in terms of light performance does not become apparent in very good lighting conditions with a lot of light. In such a situation the sparkle of a H&A diamond and a regular Excellent cut diamond will most likely be very similar. Generally, the brilliance and fire you see in a diamond depends on the cut. However, if there is a lot of light entering the stone the “fine-tuning” of the hearts and arrows patterns will not be able to impact you as much as the pure amount of light return does.
Now, H&A diamonds perform better in two specific lighting conditions:
For one thing they do perform better in lighting conditions with diffuse light, i.e. on a cloudy day or under fluorescent lights in an office. Usually, these are situations where you can hardly see any fire in a diamond. Diamond fire is the dispersed light of a diamond that appears as rainbow colors. Excellent cut diamonds will still return white light but there will hardly be any fire. H&A diamonds will even exhibit a remarkable amount of fire in a diffuse light sitation due to their symmetrical contrast patterns.
Furthermore, H&A diamonds perform much better in soft lighting conditions such as a diamond near a monitor in the dark, a lantern or a candle light. In a situation like that where the diamond is not bombarded with light, the H&A finetuning begins to kick in noticeably! Without much light entering the diamond, a H&A diamond will maximize the light return and offer a lot of brilliance and fire. H&A diamond are known for sparkling in white and rainbow colors even in rather dark environments.
As pointed out before, you will have all these benefits with a near hearts and arrows diamond so that you will not necessarily have to buy a true H&A diamond – unless you want to of course.
In good lighting conditions I myself see a small difference between a regular Excellent/Ideal cut diamond and a H&A diamond but I also know people who don’t see the difference!
Where to buy hearts and arrows diamonds?
The best place in my opinion to get true hearts and arrows diamonds is Brian Gavin Diamonds or Whiteflash! Both websites were founded by Brian Gavin who is obsessed with hearts and arrows diamonds and only accepts the very best diamonds in his signature series.
Another great place to get near hearts and arrows diamond which are cheaper is James Allen with their “True Heart signature series”. If you are not looking for the ultimate perfection in diamond craftsmanship but rather to get the biggest bang for your buck you should definitely go and check out James Allen “True Hearts” diamonds!
I know that it might be difficult to discern a true H&A diamond. Thus, if you need any help in getting a perfect hearts and arrows diamond, just drop me a comment or write me a mail! | <urn:uuid:ff5c7d2b-543a-4319-a120-55aa6c19dca5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://yourdiamondteacher.com/diamond-grading/hearts-arrows-diamonds/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00501-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945433 | 2,287 | 1.9375 | 2 |
A new report on children raised by gay parents is out today from the Family Equality Council, Center for American Progress, the Movement Advancement Project, the National Association of Social Workers and the Child Welfare League of America, the AP reports:
Increasingly, the welfare of these children will be a core part of gay-rights strategies, as evidenced by a comprehensive report being released Tuesday. Compiled by an alliance of advocacy and child-welfare groups, it summarizes how laws and social stigma create distinctive challenges for gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender families.
While the U.S. Census does not count children of gay parents, the report estimates them at 2 million:
Among the barriers and inequities they face, as detailed in the report:
—Many government safety net programs use definitions of family tied to marital status which may exclude same-sex partners.
—Because of lack of legal recognition for their unions, gay and lesbian parents can face heavier tax burdens, higher costs for health insurance, and diminished financial protections in the event of death or disability.
—When same-sex parents separate, one parent may lose custody or visitation rights, even in cases where he or she had been a child's primary caregiver.
Overshadowing all these problems is pervasive social stigma, according to the report.
All Children Matter is the coalition's official website where you can learn more.
Watch the coalition's PSA about the issue, AFTER THE JUMP... | <urn:uuid:b14c2139-bc8f-4bad-aa58-1e4e3cf06ad8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.towleroad.com/2011/10/report-up-to-2-million-children-with-gay-parents-suffer-from-stigma-and-biased-laws/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00130-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.925907 | 300 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Are you interested in learning how to navigate the Internet but you feel frustrated, confused, and without help? If that’s the case, this class can help you. In this session you will have the opportunity to learn how to turn a computer on and off, use a keyboard, use the mouse, and search for fun and interesting information on online.
Instruction in Spanish.
- Thursdays at Noon films- Incredible Shrinking Man & Attack of the 50 foot Woman
- Thursday, January 19, 2017, 12:00 pmMain Library, Koret Auditorium
- Government Transparency
- Thursday, January 19, 2017, 6:30 pmMain Library, DIGI Center
- One-On-One eResource Help at The Bridge
- Friday, January 20, 2017, 4:00 pmMain Library, Bridge TechLab Workstation - 5th Fl
- Computer Basics
- Thursday, January 19, 2017, 1:00 pmMain Library, 5th Floor Computer Training Ctr.
- Library Resources
- Thursday, January 19, 2017, 2:00 pmChinatown, Chinatown Computer Lab
- Book a Librarian
- Thursday, January 19, 2017, 3:00 pmMarina, Marina General Floor Area | <urn:uuid:c21bb1a3-e850-4f8e-b16e-1e3f93e5a6b6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://sfpl.org/index.php?pg=1016133901&sl=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00514-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916501 | 258 | 1.890625 | 2 |
NetWellness is a global, community service providing quality, unbiased health information from our partner university faculty. NetWellness is commercial-free and does not accept advertising.
Saturday, January 21, 2017
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Identifying Adult ADD
There are times that I will be talking to my husband and he really seems to be looking straight at me but when I stop talking I find out that he's in like a trance and then he asks you what you were saying. What does this sound like to you? What can be done about it? Also this person does not have insurance. I'd also like to know what safe guards can be taken so that this person won't get hurt out in the street if we know what to watch out for.
What you describe may or may not have anything to do with attention deficit disorder (ADD). As an adult, he would best be served by seeing a doctor for a thorough workup. Since he is without insurance, is there a clinic in your area that accepts a fee based on a sliding scale? Is he eligible for Medicare? Watch in your local shopping mall for a health fair that may offer free blood pressure or hearing checks. Such a fair could also have a list of neighborhood health resources that could be within your income. Inattentiveness certainly can be associated with ADD, but usually there are other behaviors such as impulsiveness or lack of organization. Other conditions that are known to have some of these behaviors are Alzheimer's disease, a hearing loss, or a non-disease state, such as differences in communication between males and females; certainly there are many more possibilities. Offering a specific cause or diagnosis is not within the scope of this service. In addition, this expert provides information specific to children. In the meantime, since you are concerned about his safety, be certain someone is with him when he is outdoors, if possible. When speaking to him, try speaking directly to his face and eyes so you have his full attention. Ask him to repeat what you said back to him periodically to see if he truly understands. Also observe him when other people are talking to him to see if does these same trance like behaviors on a consistent pattern. These are some of the strategies that have also been proven effective in working with young children with attention problems. Good Luck. Marcia Hern, R.N., Ed.D.
Marcia Hern, RN, EdD
College of Nursing
University of Cincinnati | <urn:uuid:516e7195-4501-4a52-8063-1e22a08b3287> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.netwellness.uc.edu/question.cfm/1950.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00266-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980386 | 505 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Ask the Expert
If mold is growing on an orange, should I just cut away the moldy part or discard the whole fruit?
Molds are microscopic fungi that live on plant or animal matter and can sometimes be seen with the naked eye. These organisms give off spores, which are responsible for their color. While many molds are harmless and beneficial, such as those intentionally grown in cheeses, some molds cause allergic reactions and respiratory problems.
Under the right conditions, a few molds produce mycotoxins—poisonous substances that can make you sick. In many foods, mold invades deep within the food—not just on the surface. In some cases, toxins may have spread throughout the food.
According to the USDA, soft fruits and vegetables with high moisture content, such as an orange, can be contaminated below the surface. Such fruits and vegetables should be discarded in their entirety if moldy. On the other hand, small mold spots can be cut out with a one-inch diameter in firm, low-moisture fruits and vegetables, such as cabbage, bell peppers and carrots.
As a rule of thumb, mold found in hard, low-moisture foods, such as hard cheese, hard salami and dry-cured country hams, can be cut out, while moldy soft, high-moisture foods, such as meat, soft cheese, yogurt, jam, breads, nuts and nut butters, should be discarded in their entirety.
Previous “Ask the Expert” questions: | <urn:uuid:aa0f232d-44b3-4e0d-adff-e76155ac8978> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://now.tufts.edu/articles/if-mold-growing-orange-should-i-just-cut-away-moldy-part-or-discard-whole-fruit | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00452-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950158 | 318 | 3.390625 | 3 |
It is no surprise that most men are inclined towards freedom and individualism, while most women are inclined towards security and collectivism. Building on this dichotomy, we have many examples of women finding the preference of security and collectivism illustrated in large, bloated welfare government.
For one, the Pew Research states “Women lean Democratic by 52%… unmarried women 57%”. In a similar article, “Since 1990, women have been consistently more likely than men to identify as Democrats or lean Democratic.” Nothing is closer to socialism and statism in modern America than the American left and the Democratic party. In case you didn’t know, they have an actual socialist running in the primaries. The Democratic party continues to represent women and their beliefs of security and collectivism.
You Must Love Big Brother
The ultimate caricature of the left, Hillary “the woman” Clinton, illustrates her ideas of collectivism in her creepy 1996 Communist Manifesto, It Takes a Village. The title of her book itself should give you shivers. The book illustrates its eerie socialist message of collectivism and state security. An excerpt from the Chapter “Brave New Village” from Jonah Goldberg’s book, Liberal Fascism, exemplifies Clinton’s idelogy of state controlled community accurately:
…(the) notion of the ‘common good’…she (Clinton) indisputably draws her vision from the same eternal instinct to impose order on society, to create an all-encompassing community, to get past endless squabbles and ensconce each individual in the security blanket of the state. Hers is a political religion, an updated Social Gospel- light on the Gospel, heavy on the Social- spoken in soothing tones and conjuring a reassuring vision of cooperation and community…The village may have replaced ‘the state’, and it in turn may have replaced the fist with the hug, but an unwanted embrace from which you cannot escape… (Goldberg, 357)
The idea of women embracing the left and socialism is not new to modern America, either. Throughout history we have many examples of such behavior from women. In John Derbyshire’s 2009 classic “We Are Doomed” (a must read), he explains:
The ‘gender gap’ in political attitudes has been remarked on since at least 391 B.C. That was the year Aristophanes staged his play ‘The Assemblywomen’ (Ecclesiazusae). In the play the women of Athens, disguised as men, take over the assembly and vote themselves into power. Once in charge, they institute a program of pure socialism:
‘Everyone is to have an equal share in everything and live on that; we won’t have one man rich while another lives in penury, one man farming hundreds of acres while another hasn’t got enough land to get buried in…No one will be motivated by need: everybody will have everything…the children will regard all older men as fathers…’
The play wright grasped the essential point… Women incline to socialism much more naturally than do men.” (Derbyshire, 88)
Mr. Derbyshire continues:
George Orwell, whose insights into these matters were very deep, also noticed this (women’s inclination to Socialism)…Winston Smith, the protagonist of 1984, observe(s):
‘It was always the women, and above all the young ones, who were the most bigoted adherents of the Party, the swallowers of slogans, the amateur spies and nosers-out of orthodoxy… ‘
I (Derbyshire) saw the same thing myself when living in communist China in the years just after Mao. If you wanted to hear a total-credulity, utterly unreflective parroting of the Party line, a woman was always your best bet.’ (Derbyshire, 88)
In America, when women were granted the right to vote, it opened a solid voting bloc for Left statists for years to come. Ironically, gyno-con Ann Coulter (a brilliant conservative woman; yes, they exist, but rare) states:
It would be a much better country if women did not vote. That is simply a fact. In fact, in every presidential election since 1950 — except Goldwater in ’64 — the Republican would have won, if only the men had voted. – “An appalling magic” in The Guardian (17 May 2003)
Gentlemen, it all went to shit when we gave them the right to vote. We even hear it from a woman, Ann Coulter. Women became a huge and powerful voting bloc that rarely change its tune—the numbers show very little fluctuation in their leftist leaning, as explained earlier.
One can only imagine a country where statists, leftists, cuckservatives, and neocons might not have existed if women had not been granted the vote. Whatever the case, a large statist government is now a pressing issue, with much of it being the responsibility of idealistic, dumb, and dangerous policies supported by women and feminized SJW men.
To take this a step further, the world becomes more feminized each day and traditional sex roles get reversed—look no further than the new Star Wars and Mad Max to see the effects of this feminization. In modern culture, we have women being glamorized in roles of power and “strong, independent, women” that can do what men do. This propaganda easily translates to the ballot box.
The feminization of everything is a weak attempt to indoctrinate young men to believe that women are leaders and that women are masculine. In response, weak men are followers of their causes and beliefs. This is something men, young and old, should strive to be conscious of every day.
We, as men, must be aware of this political bloc illustrated in the Democratic party. As we can see in the chart previously discussed, men tend to fluctuate their vote based on the individual, women vote based along strict party adherence. Women are one solidarity voting bloc for large government and Democratic party lines.
This is dangerous, because it is determining the fate of our country and our future. We are now on a path to destruction and drastic change must occur. The fate rests in the hands of men, not idealistic, statist, Leftist women, nor SJWs.
We must take back our country, if not by the voting box, then by any means necessary.
Read More: 8 Things That Make A Girl Stupid And Useless | <urn:uuid:bc3038d8-9506-493f-82b8-80b5025a4fa1> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.returnofkings.com/77373/hillary-clintons-socialist-manifesto-shows-why-women-shouldnt-be-involved-in-politics | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719041.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00167-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94998 | 1,370 | 2.1875 | 2 |
The Familiar Strains In the Music Category
Sunday, February 17, 2008; Page M04
Of all the divisions of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, the music branch has been the most changeable over the years, adding, subtracting and renaming categories with a refreshing flexibility. So now, in a new century when music is undergoing seismic changes in everything from how it is made to how it is heard, should the music branch change with the times?
It wouldn't be the Oscars without the requisite dust-ups and kerfuffles; this year's disqualification of composer Jonny Greenwood, for his masterly score for "There Will Be Blood," serves as a wake-up call that the music category could stand some tinkering.
Greenwood, the guitarist for Radiohead whose string and electronic score for "There Will Be Blood" was easily the most effective and innovative music created for the cinema last year, now joins a pantheon of composers who have had their work disqualified for an Oscar.
Nino Rota wasn't nominated for his signature score for "The Godfather" (an oversight rectified when he won for the second). Bernard Herrmann didn't get a nod for his groundbreaking score for "Psycho." Ditto Ennio Morricone, who was snubbed not just for "Once Upon a Time in America" but also for "The Mission." Several scores for films where music played an especially crucial role -- "Saturday Night Fever," "The Piano," "2001: A Space Odyssey," "The Graduate," "The Third Man" -- were snubbed, even though they went on to have iconic status in their own right.
In many cases, as in Greenwood's, the problem lies in the tetchy notion of what's original. Academy rules explicitly forbid "scores diluted by the use of tracked themes or other pre-existing music." Greenwood, the Academy's music branch announced last month, used 46 minutes of music he composed for the BBC in 2005, as well as compositions by Arvo Part and Johannes Brahms, compared to 35 minutes of music he'd composed specifically for the film. (The Academy also disqualified the score for "Into the Wild" and "Enchanted" because of their "predominant use of songs.")
Adding umbrage to the Greenwood snub is how choosy the Academy has been in enforcing its own rules. Last year, composer Gustavo Santaolalla won the Oscar for his instrumental guitar score for "Babel," even though it made heavy use of his composition "Iguazu," which can be heard on soundtracks for "The Insider," "Yes" and the HBO series "Deadwood."
In fact, the Academy's hard-nosed attitude toward the Greenwood score might be a reaction to the "Babel" gaffe, suggests Jon Burlingame, who writes about film music for Variety and teaches film music history at the University of Southern California. " 'Babel' was a mistake," Burlingame says. "The 'Babel' score is littered with non-original music."
But Burlingame does not take issue with the Academy's rules. Rather, he says that the Greenwood outcry points to a larger issue within the movie business, wherein directors routinely use "temp tracks," or temporary scores of recorded music, while they edit. Too often, he says, directors "get married to their temps" and opt to use recorded snippets or "needle drops" rather than commission original material. (Think of such overused classical pieces as Samuel Barber's Adagio for Strings.) "So the question becomes, should Paul Thomas Anderson have asked Jonny Greenwood to write more original music and use less pre-existing music?"
Not necessarily, says film composer Carter Burwell. "As a composer, the worst thing is for a director who has a temp track that's great to say, 'Can you do something like this?' You would rather they license the music's that's great." (Yet another scandal of the music branch is geographical: Burwell, who has composed some of Hollywood's most memorable scores for such movies as "Miller's Crossing," "Raising Arizona" and "Fargo," has never been nominated for an Oscar -- most likely, say observers, because he's based in New York rather than Los Angeles.)
Is it time for the Academy to get hip to the mash-up? In an era when artistic boundaries and false divisions are being broken down, when pop cultural magpies are creating their own postmodern art forms in sampling, appropriation and random acts of mongrelization, shouldn't the Academy plug into the 21st century and download a clue?
No way, says Charles Bernstein, an Academy governor who chairs the music branch's executive committee (he also chairs the Academy's rules committee). "The achievement that the music branch nominates for Best Original Score is that magical thing that happens when a composer sits down and looks at a movie and writes an hour or two of original music."
He continues: "It wouldn't be fair to guys like Dario Marianelli, who sits down and writes this absolutely breathtaking score for 'Atonement,' to be competing for scores that weren't written for a film but were written for other purposes."
The Academy should be commended for fighting the good fight for original music. And yet, maybe there's a place for a category that the music branch has introduced in past years, for Best Adapted Musical Score. Historically, this was a category that was used to accommodate musicals adapted for the screen, but maybe it could be put to new use, to acknowledge stellar achievements in creating expressive, densely textured musical landscapes that make particularly ingenious use of existing music.
It's hard to argue with the admirably purist instincts of the music branch. But the why-not-have-both solution might be the best way to reward originality and preserve the sanctity of a venerable art form, while reflecting the increasingly common experience of watching a movie and sensing something magical happening, even when every note of the music isn't brand new. | <urn:uuid:c97b4268-bbc8-461e-ba44-1e1ba9ef4838> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2008/02/15/ST2008021502469.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00048-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972264 | 1,258 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Released on: February 12, 2010, 5:33 am
Author: United Church of God
The answers to life's most important questions can be found in the Bible. Whether learning about why God created humankind or studying the accounts of Jesus’ birth, life and death, studying the Bible helps us to better understand why we are here and what the future holds. The United Church of God offers its free online Bible study to all, as part of its mission to bring the Christian religion to those who wish to receive it.
February 2010 – It's said that Jesus Birth, life and death were the greatest gifts given to humankind by God. To truly understand these gifts and their impact even to this day, the Christian religion asks that its followers study the Bible extensively. The United Church of God understands that often the Bible can be difficult to follow, though, and has created exhaustive online Bible study resources so that any and all who wish to learn may do so.
The free online Bible Study Course contains 12 lessons that will help students better understand the Bible and find answers to life's most important questions, such as “Why are we here?” and “What does the future hold?” They are:
1. Why the Bible Is the Word of God – This online Bible study lesson shows students how to connect with the Creator and understand the Bible's mysteries.
2. The Word of God: The Fountain of knowledge – Knowing more about the men behind the Bible stories will help students to better understand.
3. Why Did God Create Mankind? – Humankind was created in the image of God, but what does that mean? Students also will learn what God has in store for them.
4. Why Does God Allow Suffering? – In times of war and natural disaster, this question is often asked. This online Bible study lesson reveals the ultimate hope offered by God.
5. Is There Hope for Human Survival? – This lesson looks at the warnings of Prophecy and the hope that Jesus will rescue the world from destruction.
6. What Is the Gospel of the Kingdom of God? – When Jesus saves the world, He will rule over the Kingdom of God. Students will explore the portions of the Bible that talk about this news.
7. The Calling of God – This lesson teaches students how to have a relationship with God through the Christian religion, and how to receive His loving gifts.
8. What Is Christian Conversion? – God will transform us for good, despite our nature to be otherwise. This lesson explores the process of conversion to the Christian religion.
9. The Transforming Power of God's Spirit – Students will learn about how to use the power of the Holy Spirit to transform their lives.
10. What Is the Church? – This lesson looks at the original Church and its transformation over the centuries. Students will learn how to recognize it today.
11. Christianity: A Way of Life – Students will learn the key elements of living a godly life in the modern world.
12. The Annual Festivals of the God – Holy Days differ from holidays. Discover the difference and understand their meanings within the Christian religion.
About the United Church of God: The United Church of God traces its origins back to the a Christian Religion founded by Jesus in the early first century. The Church follows the same doctrines, teachings and practices as the original Church, and it strives to educate Christians through its a Online Bible Study. Follow the United Church of God on twitter.com/ucgia, become a fan of the organization on Facebook, and watch video commentaries and excerpts from Beyond Today programs on youtube.com/user/BeyondTodayTV. http://www.ucg.org/ | <urn:uuid:6cf2530d-88aa-4738-8a68-b31a58f9b5ce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://express-press-release.net/70/print/Jesus-Birth-More-Outlined-Free-Online-Bible-Study.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.943383 | 763 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Celebration
Personal Empowerment Program at Hamilton Crossing
The Personal Empowerment Series at Hamilton Crossing is a partnership between the Family Empowerment Program at Eastern Michigan University and Michigan Medicine, Program for Multicultural Health (PMCH). The purpose of the Personal Empowerment Series is to address disparate health and health related outcomes associated with poverty, lack of social support, and lack of education and training in the Hamilton Crossing community. Resident participants are offered opportunities to engage in interactive, purposeful activities that are designed to enhance their health literacy, become more self-aware, and focused on pursuing healthy lifestyles.
Community Flu Clinics
The best way to protect yourself and your family against the flu is to get vaccinated every fall. The annual partnership between Community Health Services, the Program for Multicultural Health, Interpreter Services, UM School of Nursing, the UM School of Public Health, and the UM College of Pharmacy - called Michigan Community and Interprofessional Practice Training (M-CIPT) - provides free flu vaccines to high risk community members (uninsured, underinsured, individuals with certain medical conditions such as asthma, diabetes, chronic lung and heart disease, pregnant women, people age 65+, and anyone living with or caring for other high risk individuals. Annual Community Flu Shot Clinics are held at the following locations:
- Brown Chapel AME Church
- Adrian Senior Center
- Washtenaw County Foster Grandparent Program
- New Hope Missionary Baptist Church
- New Hope Outreach Clinic
2017 Community Flu & Wellness Clinics
Please check back in the August, 2017 for more information and dates/times/locations.
Questions? Want more information? Contact Tammara Smith at (734) 998-2156.
Community service-learning internships are provided for both undergraduate and graduate level students. The internships allow students to utilize theory learned in the classroom and apply it to the real world. Students gain knowledge and skills to develop, implement, and evaluate community-based, culturally appropriate health programs for diverse populations.
PMCH partners with multiple academic departments at the University of Michigan (School of Nursing, Medical School, School of Public Health, etc.) to develop internships for students. Partnerships with community agencies allow students to work in settings such as summer camps, housing complexes, faith-based organizations, health fairs, and community centers. Examples of activities include:
- Collect and analyze needs assessment and program outcome data
- Implement health education workshops
- Conduct nutrition workshops
- Create culturally appropriate health education tools
- Facilitate dialogue/discussion groups, and
- Lead healthy cooking demonstrations
Hepatitis B Project (Education, Screening, Vaccination and Treatment)
Since 2006, the Asian group (initially under the Healthy Asian Americans Project at the UM School of Nursing) began screening Asian Americans for HBV infection. To date, approximately 1,300 people have been screened. The project moved to PMCH in 2009, and continues its screening and education. After securing free vaccines from CDC in 2010, the program started to offer free vaccination to qualified participants in the community with a $10 processing fee. (The HBV immunization costs about $75 plus processing fee at the local county health department). In 2011, medical students of the United Asian American Medical Students Association (UAAMSA) at UM planned to follow HBV patients from the past screening and help them getting treatment if possible. Dr. Lok, the collaborating hepatologist, supported this project.
Personal Action Toward Health (PATH) is a Chronic Disease Self-Management workshop, endorsed by Michigan Department of Community Health. The program teaches chronic disease patients and/or their caretakers how to take care of and control their chronic diseases. The workshop meets 2 1/2 hours every week for 6 weeks. It is an action oriented program, each participant is expected to commit an action to help control their disease every week. In 6 weeks, they can build up actions to keep their chronic disease under better control. The curriculum is developed by Stanford University Patient Educational Department and is a proven evidence-based program.
Ypsilanti Heritage Festival Health Tent
PMCH organizes the Community Programs & Services-sponsored annual community-based health tent at the Ypsilanti Heritage Festival (YHF) featuring onsite health screening, interactive health education and health promotion activities. The YHF is an annual three-day community event in August that attracts thousands of visitors and features live entertainment, historical exhibitions, local attractions, food, and vendors. The Health Tent, one of the largest YHF vendors, is a collaboration between more than a dozen health organizations and health providers including St. Joseph of Mercy Health System, Washtenaw County Public Health Department, Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan, Black Mothers Breastfeeding Association, and Huron Valley Ambulance. The Health tent welcomes hundreds of visitors annually to participate in lively, family-oriented health activities all offered free-of-charge.
Capacity Building Grant (CBG) Project
The Capacity Building Grant, from the Michigan Department of Community Health (MDCH), was developed to offer assistance to Asian American communities in improving health and reducing health disparities, particularly social barriers. | <urn:uuid:e902a45b-eaa3-4cb6-aa80-c33207138dd6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.med.umich.edu/multicultural/projects/current.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00144-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930427 | 1,071 | 1.820313 | 2 |
This autumn sees two new books on China’s Great Famine. One is Yang Jisheng’s Tombstone, and the other is Zhou Xun’s The Great Famine in China, 1958-1962. While it’s soil that’s been plowed before — most notably by Jasper Becker and Frank Dikotter — Yang and Zhou bring additional perspectives.
It’s not a pretty story. Referring to estimates of 45 million dead, the Wall Street Journal’s reviewer puts it bluntly: “It was not war that produced this shocking number, nor natural disaster. It was a man. It was politics and one man’s vanity.”
The man in question was Mao Zedong, and the political enterprise was the delusionary Great Leap Forward, whereby he set about transforming 1950s China into an industrial powerhouse replete with backyard furnaces. As with most utopian makeovers, coercion was the order of the day, even extending to the concept of “arrest quotas” applied to those who didn’t get with the program. In the process, agricultural production fell sharply, with famine the result.
Mao, however, was not to be deterred. In 1966, he launched another disastrous transformation. This time it was the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, aimed at purging undesirable elements and enforcing ideological orthodoxy. Massive upheaval and much suffering ensued before it, too, eventually petered out.
But if Mao’s China was an unpleasant place, you’d never have guessed it from many of the reports brought back by Western visitors. And these were not just the usual suspects, but rather included the likes of John Kenneth Galbraith, James Reston (of New York Times fame), and David Rockefeller.
Reports tended to stress things like how “spotlessly clean” streets and homes were, the “atmosphere of intelligent and purposeful work,” the absence of consumerism and alienation, the bus conductors inspiring their passengers by reciting quotations from Mao, and so forth. Wherever it resides, Mussolini’s ghost must have been envious. After all, he was only credited with making the trains run on time!
After Mao’s death, the story began to change. Two early contributions particularly stood out — Simon Leys’ Chinese Shadows (1977) and Fox Butterfield’s China: Alive in the Bitter Sea (1982). Between them, they painted a picture substantially at odds with the earlier happy talk. In a particularly pungent formulation, Leys likened Western enthusiasm for China’s lack of traffic problems as being akin to praising “an amputee because his feet aren’t dirty.”
Asked about the gullibility of so many Western visitors, Butterfield partly attributed it to “an infatuation with China.” In addition, he noted how good the regime was at the “very practiced art of entertaining and persuading foreigners.” In other words, look after their material wants generously, tell them what they’re already predisposed to hear, control what they actually see, and the job’s done.
Then there was the matter of access control. If one wanted to be allowed back for a second visit, it was prudent not to offend. (Leys got around this by writing under a pseudonym; his real name is Pierre Ryckmans.)
But perhaps the most comprehensive treatment of the happy talk phenomenon was provided by Paul Hollander’s Political Pilgrims, first published in 1981. As he put it, “political tourists of the early 1970s embarked on the journey to China with reverence, solicitousness, and guilt, a blend of attitudes that rarely stimulates the exercise of critical faculties.”
Hollander’s study covered much more than China, going back as far as the starry-eyed visitors to Stalin’s Soviet Union in the 1930s. And the 1998 edition’s subtitle — Western Intellectuals in Search of the Good Society — neatly captured the underlying motivation for the whole enterprise.
In his view, the political pilgrims were subject to three driving factors.
First, a strong predisposition to find only good things. Psychologists describe this as confirmation bias. Look for evidence that confirms your starting position, and discount whatever undermines it.
Second, strong dissatisfaction with important aspects of your own society. In effect, the pilgrim is in search of an alternative social model.
And third, ignorance about the real conditions of life in the society being visited. Combine this with what Butterfield characterized as superb Chinese “hostmanship,” and there’s a very potent brew indeed.
Although modern China certainly has its admirers, it no longer enjoys the utopian cachet of Mao’s heyday. But maybe political pilgrims just need a new destination. | <urn:uuid:2ccabf5f-dade-4c20-8376-0dedb2b24d8b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.vancouversun.com/Political+pilgrims+China+exhibit+great+gullibility/7612291/story.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00173-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954783 | 1,020 | 2.421875 | 2 |
The question ‘why live?’ has preoccupied thinkers from the alpha to the omega of human history, but only relatively recently have we considered the question of ‘how’ – how do we live with this fear, this knowledge of our own demise?
We recognise love as our companion and protector and we now think that it may even shield us from death itself, at least while we’re alive.
‘Terror management theory’ sounds oddly militaristic to the modern ear, but it was never intended to makes us think of politics. It was developed by psychologist Sheldon Solomon and his colleagues to help explain how we live with existential angst.
The theory suggests we have various ways of keeping the fear of death out of our conscious mind, and of understanding what makes our life meaningful.
Traditionally, researchers have focused on the effect of a social element – how we feel we fit in to our culture’s ideas about what makes a meaningful life, and a personal element – how we feel about ourselves, but more recently psychologists have been focusing on love as one of the most important ways of managing our existential fears.
Love beyond life is a constant poetic theme, and yet these are not simply poetic theories, they have been drawn from empirical research.
Never afraid to strip the poetry from the profound, cognitive scientists have labelled their most important existential paradigm ‘mortality salience’.
It involves reminding people of death – an experimental memento mori – and numerous studies have found that simply focusing people on their time-limited lives changes how they think and behave.
One of the most reliable effects, is that being reminded of death makes us more socially minded – more likely to want to be physically close to others, more likely to want to have children, but also more likely to support the norms and stereotypes of your own social group.
A group of Israeli psychologists were inspired to wonder whether love might protect us against our fear of death, and whether our anxieties motivate us to seek out love.
In an ingenious 2002 study, they found that reminding people of their demise increased their self-professed romantic commitment, that thinking about a committed relationship reduced the effects of morality salience on harsh social judgements, and that thinking about the end of a relationship increased thoughts of death.
A year later, they reviewed research on love and death and came to the conclusion that close relationships help us manage the anxiety of mortality, partly through the strength of the bond, but partly through the fact that romantic partnerships give us a symbolic way of transcending death – as families provide a way for our contribution to ‘live on’ after the final curtain.
These studies are some of the first on what has been called ‘experimental existential psychology’ that seek to understand how we manage our lives in the face of the unknown.
But the fact remains that we will die, and hopefully, we will love. Perhaps we have no profounder response. | <urn:uuid:66028c54-1f1e-4566-953d-e5a509de4426> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://mindhacks.com/2009/02/14/love-and-immortality/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00550-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964889 | 608 | 2.828125 | 3 |
There is a view of architecture that it is religion by other means. The standard histories used to be dominated by churches and temples, and ideas on the subject have been shaped by proselytisers such as John Ruskin and Le Corbusier, whose books sound like prophetic tracts. "Visionary" is used to describe architects of above average wilfulness, and "vision" is applied to over-optimistic regeneration projects, as if they were something out of the Book of Revelations.
Things sometimes thought to be signs of serious architecture, like permanence, geometry and symmetry, are particularly characteristic of religious buildings. Also the idea of "integrity" or "truth" – that is that the structure that holds the building up is revealed and undisguised, that there are unities of thought, action, material, space and detail.
This version of integrity is now a dispensable luxury in most new construction, where the investment logic of developers and the commercial logic of contractors rule. It's easier to throw up standardised frames, wrap them in standardised cladding and not worry too much about how everything hangs together. And, as the forces of global capital pummel old ideas of architecture into submission, religious buildings can look like their last refuge.
So it is with the Bishop Edward King chapel at Ripon theological college in Cuddesdon, Oxfordshire, designed by Níall McLaughlin. It stands in an area soaked in absurd quantities of beauty, with a huge copper beech dating to 1710, other ancient trees, fields that it's obligatory to call rolling, and gothic revival collegiate buildings in a stone that can only be called honeyed. The £2m building itself is crafted and considered; it makes ideas physical; it has intentions and carries them out in its space and matter.
From the outside you see an elliptical drum in solid stone, smooth at the bottom, then corrugating into a texture of alternating rough and cut surfaces that looks like something woven, before finishing with a top layer of glass set behind fragile stone fins. It is paradoxically heavy and light, a bastion and a boat, a wall and a drape. It has presence, but doesn't dominate. It has affinities with the all-timber Saint Benedict chapel by the Pritzker-winning Peter Zumthor, although McLaughlin mentions a less famous influence, a postwar German architect of churches called Rudolf Schwarz.
Smaller shapes gather about the drum, including an entrance that is deliberately low and dark, suppressing expectations before you reach the high, light-filled interior of the ellipse, within which a ring of 34 slender timber columns grow upwards, develop branches and intersect in a cross-crossing vault. McLaughlin calls this space "crystalline", meaning that it's symmetrical in two axes, but he then offsets it with less orderly extensions: an off-centre window to catch the view over fields, a space for the tabernacle, a half-enclosed chapel, horse-shoe shaped, for the sisters of the Community of John the Baptist, who have recently sold their old home in another part of the county and come to share this site with the college.
The interior has several materials – stone, lime plaster, concrete, the laminated larch of the columns, furniture in ash – but they share a similar hue, a sort of (Caucasian) skin tone which, as on a human body, gives unity to multiple variations. It shows off the play of light which in the end is the chapel's main event. While designing it McLaughlin made a video of the way sunlight filters through surrounding trees, and the chapel attempts a constructed equivalent. Light comes through the upper ring of glass, and through oblique sources, and animates the chapel's layers and surfaces. As clouds move across the sky outside, the interior inhales and exhales sunshine. As it brightens and dulls, its features stand out from and then recede into their background.
McLaughlin tells stories to explain the architecture, as does the Rev Canon Professor Martyn Percy, the principal of the college. The building is a ship of souls, a retake of an old idea contained in the Latin origin of the word "nave". Then again, the ceiling above the timber branches dips slightly towards a central keel-like line ("carinated" is the technical term), as if there were another boat floating above, which McLaughlin says is prompted by a 1,000-year-old Celtic story.
He cites the writings of Richard Sennett on early Christians who struggled to reconcile a desire to wander, and give up fixed places, with the building of permanent churches. They created ambulatories, zones of walking, like the one McLaughlin has made between the ring of columns and the outer wall. The resemblance of the outer stonework to cloth refers to the writings of Gottfried Semper, a wiser and saner contemporary of Ruskin's, for whom every construction technique was an imitation of an earlier craft, with weaving one of the oldest of all.
Percy, for his part, talks about "the different spiritual textures people have to live with", which the physical textures of the building represent. For him it embodies a broad, moderate church, "not minimalist Protestant and not archi-tatty Catholic". The use of an ellipse, a geometrical figure with two centres, allows worship to focus on either the rituals of the eucharist or on the spoken word: the altar is placed on one centre, the lectern on the other. The seating plan is "antiphonal", with two banks of congregation facing each other; the chapel's layout and acoustic also allows conversational rather than declamatory voices.
The stories about boats and weaving have some charm, and help with a perennial difficulty for architects – how to justify a design, how to choose one approach over another – but they begin to cloy. I'm glad when McLaughlin says that, in the end, "you have to leave these narratives behind. You have to abandon a building to the world and let it gather its own meanings. It's no good standing at the corner and telling people what it means." In other words, you don't have to know anything about Semper or boat myths to appreciate the spaces.
As someone as certain about the nonexistence of God as I can be about anything, I feel a touch disoriented by a new space devoted, with conviction, to making the opposite case. At the same time it speaks a spiritual Esperanto common to most churches built in modern times – reluctant to show damnation, miracles or apotheoses, or even a too-literal crucifixion, it works more abstractly with light, form, material and nature, in a quasi-gothic of soaring lines and tree-like structure. Can't it be more explicit? Can't it say exactly what it means? No, given the ambiguities of modern religion, it can't.
But the uncomplicated fact about this chapel is that it's lovely – as much as the copper beech, the rolling fields and the honeyed stone. It is poised, tuned, and well made, a close reflection of the desires of its users and the intentions of its architect. The clients were prepared to pay, for example, an extra £50,000 for concealed fixings in the roof structure, rather than visible bolts, because they realised that they were essential to the success of the whole.
It helped that the sisters did well by selling their old home, proceeds of which went to funding the new building. They took a tithe from the workings of the property market, of the speculations of capital, to achieve a kind of architecture that the market doesn't often permit. It's a pertinent question how its qualities might be transferred to a harsher outside world but, meanwhile, the main thing is just to enjoy them. | <urn:uuid:9ef1e8bd-78ae-4f97-a6aa-bf9a72275edc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/apr/28/ripon-college-chapel-niall-mclaughlin | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00476-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961093 | 1,633 | 2.625 | 3 |
Have you ever asked yourself, “Where does my laptop go when it dies?” Far from a recycling centre in the clouds, the answer is more likely to be either a landfill, or one of the large-scale e-waste dumps that exist around the Third World. From places like Accra on the south coast of Ghana, to Guiyu in southern China, massive flows of e-waste are dumped each year, with both environmental and social impacts. I caught up with Dr Assa Doron from the ANU’s School of Culture, History and Language, who recently convened an international workshop titled, “World-Making and the Environment in the Asia-Pacific Region” to discuss the growing e-waste problem.
“It’s a loose category”, Dr Doron says, when asked what items actually come under the ‘e-waste’ label. It can refer to anything from the smallest phones to the massive TVs that are now a normal part of the electronics market. “And of course, in between you have the middle range, the computers, laptops, desktops,” he says. Many of these items, once thrown out of the household, end up being transported to the third world e-waste dump sites. Given that the movement of hazardous waste between countries is banned by the 1992 Basel Convention, e-waste is often smuggled into receiving countries, where cheap labour and lax regulations make these places attractive dump-sites for ‘First World’ waste. Sometimes e-waste is hidden within shipments, and other times it is imported as second-hand good, disguised as part of charitable efforts to bridge the digital divide between ‘First World’ and ‘Third World’ countries.
When e-waste arrives, the poorest members of the local communities often task themselves with salvaging raw materials (such as copper, silver and gold) from these old computers and televisions. “The technologies that they use are very basic to try and extract these valuable items, so they actually cook them in acid in order to pry open, to pulverise the e-waste, and this is very dangerous,” Doron tells me. This work often comes with huge health consequences, ranging from direct contact with the acids to breathing in the fumes. An episode of Dateline on SBS called ‘E-Waste Hell’ showed that the toxicity from the e-waste was not isolated to the dumpsite under scrutiny, but had spread to the local food market, causing health problems for the community at large.
Furthermore, it is clear that Dr Doron sees the e-waste flow as part of a bigger problem. He points to what he calls ‘fashion obsolescence’ – our concern with “being left behind, the need to constantly update ourselves”. This trend stems from ‘planned obsolescence’, whereby companies deliberately design their products to last only a given period of time to ensure consumers keep buying. Planned obsolescence goes back to the 50s and 60s with the emergence of the global consumerist society, and instilled in consumers the need to constantly purchase new items. Dr Doron points to the recent iPhone 7, asking, “Now there is no jack for the earphones – what will happen to all these headpieces?” It’s a worthwhile question, especially when one thinks about the number of iPhone docks and cables already rendered useless by Apple upgrading the iPhone’s main power connection.
However, there is some progress being made on the issue. When I asked about who was responsible for dealing with the problem, Dr Doron contended that private industries and the state both had roles to play. “In some areas they’re trying to initiate Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), so that companies, whether it’s Samsung or Sony, are obliged to purchase back the items that were discarded and take responsibility.” He also spoke of a recent development in Sweden, where the Social Democrat and Green parties both proposed a range of tax breaks for repairs, in an attempt to push the economy towards a repair service industry, rather than constantly replacing goods. “It makes it more worthwhile to repair your items, than to simply discard them and throw them away,” Doran said.
Nearing the end of our discussion, I started to think about what I might do with my laptop, which, purchased second-hand a year and a half ago, is nearing the end of its life. When it’s planned obsolescence kicks in and it does finally stops working, there are a few options for me. I can throw it in the rubbish or recycling bin, where it will ends up in landfill or who knows where else. I could also try to get it fixed. Or, I can choose to do what Dr Doron says many Australians do – shove it in a drawer and forget about it. But given the social and environmental effects of e-waste on the people and places in some of the most disadvantaged regions in the world, I think the journey to a local disposal centre is worth my time.
Dr Assa Doron’s book, co-authored with Professor Robin Jeffrey, is titled ‘Cleaning Up India: Garbage, Growth and Government, and is to be released in 2017. For information on how to properly dispose of your electronic items, see http://www.ecoaction.com.au/resources/home/e-waste/.
Image Credit: Kevin McElvaney | <urn:uuid:d3d40144-79b7-423b-9168-721b14093e38> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.woroni.com.au/words/on-e-waste/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.958007 | 1,157 | 3 | 3 |
Press Release - Rapid Response
Safe Kids Prince George’s Statement on Heatsroke Deaths in Cars
We join the communities and families of young children that suffer heatstroke deaths in mourning their loss. To gain perspective on such a tragic incident, we ask that concerned citizens read “Fatal Distraction: Forgetting a Child in the Back seat of a Car Is a Horrifying Mistake. Is It a Crime?” by Gene Weingarten, Washington Post Staff Writer.
Unfortunately, no one is immune to this kind of tragedy. Parents and caregivers can cut down the number of deaths and near misses by remembering to ACT.
· A: Avoid heatstroke-related injury and death by never leaving your child alone in a car, not even for a minute. And make sure to keep your car locked when you’re not in it so kids don’t get in on their own.
· C: Create reminders by putting something in the back of your car next to your child such as a briefcase, a purse or a cell phone that is needed at your final destination. This is especially important if you’re not following your normal routine.
· T: Take action. If you see a child alone in a car, call 911. Emergency personnel want you to call. They are trained to respond to these situations. One call could save a life.
Safe Kids Prince George’s is working to ensure that no child is alone in a car, not even for a minute. We’re participating in an education and awareness program that provides posters and tip sheets at childcare centers, doctor’s offices and hospitals and police and fire stations.
Since 1998, more than 660 children across the United States have died from heatstroke while unattended in cars. You can help us spread the word to your community to stop these preventable tragedies. Additional prevention information can be found at www.safekids.org/heatstroke, and statistics on child heatstroke deaths can be found at www.noheatstroke.org
About Safe Kids – Prince George’s
Safe Kids Prince George’s works to prevent unintentional childhood injury, the leading cause of death and disability to children. Safe Kids Prince George’s is a member of Safe Kids Worldwide, a global organization dedicated to preventing unintentional injury, the number one cause of death to children in the United States. Throughout the world, almost one million children die of injuries each year, and every one of these tragedies is preventable. Safe Kids Prince George’s is led by Fire/EMS Department. For additional information call Teresa Crisman, Safe Kids Coordinator, at 301-883-5250 or Email at TACrisman@co.pg.md.us.
About General Motors and Safe Kids Buckle Up
Beginning in 1997, General Motors and the GM Foundation have served as Safe Kids Worldwide’s exclusive funding source and helped build the Safe Kids Buckle Up program into a multifaceted national initiative, bringing motor vehicle safety messages to children and families through community and dealer partnerships. To date, more than 23 million people have been exposed to Safe Kids Worldwide events and community outreach efforts. Certified child passenger safety technicians working through Safe Kids coalitions have examined over 1.89 million child safety seats at more than 94,000 events, and the program has donated more than 667,000 seats to families in need. | <urn:uuid:71210329-8f5b-46ed-b0bd-c844f090d1ed> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://pgfdpio.blogspot.com/2016/05/safe-kids-prince-georges-statement-on.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00387-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937589 | 701 | 2.421875 | 2 |
The Problem Solving Process Name Institution Date The Problem Solving Process Every day people face problems of different types. However the way they solve the problems differs a lot. Notably most of the problems people face affects significant aspects of their lives. These could include education career family issues and health financial among others. Therefore it is important that the laid out solution is effective to avoid undesirable consequences. Accordingly while seeking a solution a structured process which puts into considerations all the involved factors and consequences should be followed. This paper will illustrate an effective problem-solving process using the six problem-solving steps as provided by the Global Development Research Center (GDRC). According to the GDRC the first step in problem-solving entails defining the problem. In this step an individual must have a clear idea of what the problem is and what they want to achieve by solving it. current job. The solution would be considered effective after he has acquired a degree relocated and reported to his new job after which he should start making arrangements for a master’s degree. In conclusion people are faced with problems every day of their lives. Given that these problems affect vital aspects of life such as health career among others it is important that the solution is not gotten in a hurry but in a structured and systematic process. One such process is offered by the Global Development Research Center. It is a six-step process which includes defining the problem analyzing it generating possible solutions analyzing them selecting the best solution and eventually planning for the next course of action. It is a systematic method which offers effective solutions to different problems in life. References The Problem Solving Process. Global Development Research Center. Retrieved on 3 June 2017 from http://www.gdrc.org/decision/problem-solve.html. [...]
Assignment 2: Problem Solving Due Week 9 and worth 150 points When faced with a problem, what do you do to solve it? This assignment asks you to apply a six-step to problem solving process to a specific problem scenario. You will write a paper that presents a synthesis of your ideas about solving the problem using this systematic approach. As Voltaire said, "No problem can withstand the assault of sustained thinking." Choose one (1) of the problem scenarios as a topic choice for your paper (Note: Your professor must approve your topic choice before you begin work on the assignment.) Scenario 1: You have worked at your company for eleven (11) years. You have returned to college to earn a Bachelor’s degree in order to increase your chances for a promotion. You are nearly finished with your degree, when a supervisor’s position in a competing company becomes available in another state. The start date is in two (2) weeks, during your final exam period for your courses. The position offers a $15,000 per year salary increase, a car allowance, and relocation expenses. Your former supervisor works for the company and is recommending you for the position based on your outstanding job performance; if you want the job, it’s yours. All of the other supervisors at this level in the company have Master’s degrees, so you know that you would be expected to earn your Bachelor’s degree and continue on to a Master’s degree. Your present company offers tuition reimbursement, but the new company does not. Scenario 2: Your child comes home from school with an assignment sheet for a school project. He / she is very excited about the project and begins work immediately, doing research on the Internet and gathering materials. You read over the assignment sheet and notice that your child is not including all of the required items in the project, and you have some ideas for how to improve the quality of the presentation. You recently read an article in a parenting magazine about the importance of a child developing responsibility for his/ her own learning. You recall the many ways in which your parents took over your school projects. You, on the other hand, want to encourage your child’s confidence in his / her ability to complete a project independently. The next day, you are at the grocery store when you see a parent of a student in your child’s class. That parent has spent over $30 in supplies for the science project and is taking a day off of work to put the pieces of the project together. Scenario 3: You have two jobs—one during the week from 9:00 am to 6:00 pm, and one on Saturday from 3:00 pm to 11:00 pm. You are taking two classes—one that meets from 6:00 to 10:00 pm, and one class online. You have two kids—one who plays soccer, and one who is in band. You have two elderly parents who no longer drive. You have two siblings—one who lives two (2) miles away, and one who lives in another state. You have two (2) papers due in your classes the same week that one (1) of your children has a soccer tournament, and the other child has a band concert. You are coaching the soccer team, and you are in charge of fundraising for the band. You have a goal to complete your degree in two (2) years. Your doctor tells you that your blood pressure, your cholesterol, and your weight are too high and recommends several medications that cost you nearly $200 per month after your insurance co-pay. Scenario 4: You are a sales representative for a company that encourages staff to log time in the field and away from the office. You are expected to begin and end your day at the office. You notice that each day when you arrive and return another co-worker is already there, and you wonder whether this person spends most of his / her time at the office. At your weekly sales meeting, you are informed of your co-workers’ outstanding sales performance. You suspect that this co-worker is spending more time flattering the boss instead of working leads in the field, and as a result is getting the best client referrals. Your own sales numbers have steadily decreased since this other sales representative was hired. Scenario 5: Professor’s Choice – problem scenario presented by your professor. Scenario 6: Student’s Choice – Problem scenario presented by you. Review the six-step problem solving process outlined in the webtext, based on the article “The Problem Solving Process” located at www.gdrc.org Step One: Define the problem Step Two: Analyze the problem Step Three: Generate options Step Four: Evaluate options Step Five: Make your decision Step Six: Implement and reflect Write a four to five (4-5) page paper in which you: 1. Define the problem in the scenario that you have chosen. 2. Analyze the problem in the scenario. 3. Generate options for solving the problem in the scenario. 4. Evaluate the options for solving the problem. 5. Decide on the best option for solving the problem. 6. Explain how you will implement the decision made and reflect on whether this option was the most effective. The paper should follow guidelines for clear and organized writing: Include an introductory paragraph and concluding paragraph. Address main ideas in body paragraphs with a topic sentence and supporting sentences. Adhere to standard rules of English grammar, punctuation, mechanics, and spelling. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA Style format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length. | <urn:uuid:3414e60c-c54e-44f2-a6df-23a92506ffb7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://studybay.com/latest-orders/187062/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.956318 | 1,600 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Covid-19 Rural Poor Stimulus Facility (single phase)
Established by The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the Rural Poor Stimulus Facility (RPSF) addresses immediate impacts of the Covid 19 pandemic on rural people, prevents the erosion of results from past and ongoing operations, and puts in place building blocks to support post crisis recovery and long term resilience. As an IFAD member state, Switzerland joins international efforts with this time-bound response to prevent the health crisis from turning into a food crisis.
Agriculture et sécurité alimentaire
Aide humanitaire & RRC
Services agricoles & marché
- Fonds international de développement agricole
The Covid-19 pandemic is a health and humanitarian crisis threatening the food security and nutrition of millions of people around the world. An estimated 2 billion people in the world did not have regular access to safe, nutritious and sufficient food in 2019.Before the virus hit, and it is estimated that an additional 130 million will suffer acute food insecurity. The consequences of the pandemic and the measures taken (lockdowns, closure of borders) have affected already unsustainable food systems. The United Nations Secretary-General has launched a Call for Solidarity for urgent and coordinated global action. In this context, one of IFAD’s strategic response to COVID-19 is the establishment of a rapid-response Rural Poor Stimulus Facility to address the key immediate challenges faced by small-scale farmers as a consequence of COVID-19.
The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World (SOFI 2020) http://www.fao.org/3/ca9692en/online/ca9692en.html#
|Objectifs||To improve the food security, nutrition and resilience of poor rural people affected by the COVID-19 crisis, in line with the United Nations framework for the immediate socioeconomic response to the pandemic.|
Depending on the resources mobilized: between 1 and 7 million rural smallholders affected by COVID-19, with a special focus on countries with the greatest needs and low institutional capacity to respond to the crisis.
IFAD will seek to support rural people that are at highest risk of falling back into poverty or food insecurity. The priority will be given to people living in fragile situations (particularly in sub-Saharan Africa), women, youth, indigenous people, displaced people and people with disabilities.
|Effets à moyen terme||
1. Minimise impact on productivity and benefits from market
2. Food availability and prices are not affected
3. Rural employment on family farms and at small and medium
4. Producers avoid negative scoping strategies such a selling
5. Digital services leveraged in rural areas
Principaux résultats attendus:
- Provision of inputs and basic assets for production
- Factilitated access to market
- Targeted funds to rural financial services
- Delivering of agriculture-related information
|Direction/office fédéral responsable||
Coopération au développement
|Partenaire de projet||
Organisme des Nations Unies (ONU)
|Coordination avec d'autres projets et acteurs||Ongoing projects of IFAD, WFP and FAO, the Covid 19 Multi-Partner Trust Fund’s (MPTF) contributions to food security and nutrition, and other donors’ activities in the same geographic contexts and thematic fields.|
|Budget||Phase en cours Budget de la Suisse CHF 2’000’000 Budget suisse déjà attribué CHF 2’000’000| | <urn:uuid:fd5ce6c8-f36d-4a49-bf69-aef17b8e555a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fdfa.admin.ch/deza/fr/home/themes-ddc/prevention-catastrophes-aide-urgence-reconstruction/prevention-catastrophes.olddesign.olddesign.par2_projectfilter_page11.html/content/dezaprojects/SDC/en/2018/7F09885/phase1?oldPagePath=/content/deza/fr/home/themen/katastrophenvorsorgenothilfeundwiederaufbau/katastrophenvorsorge.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.772854 | 912 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Is there a way to recognize bleeds in the internal organs; brain, stomach, kidneys?
Often times bleeding in organs may be difficult to recognize as it may manifest as nausea, irritability, malaise and hopefully pain to alert the patient. In the brain, bleeding typically leads to "the worst headache of their lives" associated with vomiting without diarrhea. Bleeding in the kidneys usually causes significant back or side pain and may lead to trouble urinating or dark or bloody urine. Bleeding in the stomach may lead to nausea and vomiting with "coffee ground" appearing vomit or vomit containing blood. | <urn:uuid:5d6ffb53-b0d5-44a8-acfc-1744a6a8aa68> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.victoryforwomen.org/your-questions/there-way-recognize-bleeds-internal-organs-brain-stomach-kidneys | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.915484 | 122 | 2.671875 | 3 |
What does the name of Spain's largest Mediterranean island conjure up for you? Sun, sand and sangria? Bars crammed with tattooed, lobster-hued Brits, getting noisily sloshed? Probably - if you have never been there.
In 1960, Majorca - Mallorca in Spanish - received 500,000 visitors. In 2008, almost 23 million passed through its gleaming new airport. Mass tourism has transformed the economy - but with unhappy effects on the seafront.
Yet away from the high-rise hotels and featureless beaches in the south, there is another Mallorca - beyond the Sierra de Tramontana, the dramatic range of hills that bisects the island.
This Mallorca, with its rocky coast, is small scale, and distinctly upmarket. In the limestone hills around Soller, there are quiet hamlets with hidden hotels and a multitude of paths heading into secluded valleys. It was here that we were heading, on an eight-day "Secret Villages of Mallorca" walking break with Headwater Holidays.
The taxi ride from the airport across the Mallorcan plain and up into the hills took 40 minutes.
Our hotel, l'Hermitage, a former bishop's palace of ivy-clad golden stone, was a kilometre outside the hamlet of Orient, set on the side of the loveliest valley. From the terrace outside our room we looked across an orchard of young fruit trees - apple, cherry, and apricot - and a meadow dotted with olive trees to a wall of pale fissured limestone rising 300 feet, with a bank of yellow gorse at its foot.
It was dusk and we sat for a few minutes listening to the bells of the sheep as the breeze rattled the leaves of the palm trees above our heads.
Then a bird started to sing like no other I had heard. It began with a series of trills which built through a complex arrangement of whistles and kisses to three high looping notes - heep, heep, heep - like molten silver cascading through the dusk.
They say you always know when you hear a nightingale, and now I know it is true. The end of May is their mating season, and the valley was full of them. Their songs echoed across the valley not only in the evening but in the morning, too, pouring forth from the eucalyptus trees beneath which we ate our breakfast.
For me, hearing my first nightingale was as exciting as seeing any big beast in the African bush.
It was with difficulty that we tore ourselves away that first morning. Over the next three days we climbed in different directions, contouring across the hillside above the velvety Orient valley, into the forest.
One route led up to the crag that supports Alaro Castle, so spectacularly situated that the Moors were able to hold off their Christian assailants for two years. We would not have found these paths on our own - there were few signs and consequently few walkers. Our fellow guests at L'Hermitage were, like us, of a certain age - discreet, polite and, thankfully, non-British.
On our fourth day it was time to move on. Ken, our considerate Headwater rep, took us to Cuber reservoir, on the other side of the range of hills, and left us to walk the dozen kilometres to the Hotel Ca'l Bisbe in Soller, where our luggage would be waiting for us.
White limestone hills, pale new grass and an azure sky framed the lake - it was, momentarily, like Yorkshire in the sun. Bees warmed themselves on the rocky path and the air was still and cool. We climbed gently to the col and then down a winding cobbled path with magnificent views to the sea, following the old pilgrims' way (in reverse) from Soller to the monastery of Lluc.
We passed terraces of olive and tamarind, crossed bridges and stepping stones and emerged finally among the orange groves down in the plain, their scent heavy and soporific.
We tramped through Soller's narrow streets to its charming central square. It is dominated by the church of St Bartholomew and by the Bank of Soller, its wrought iron grille as tangled as a skein of wool. The hotel, minutes from the square, was cool and quiet and we sat on the balcony of our third-floor room with a drink, grabbing the last rays of the sun as the swifts wheeled and screeched over the rooftops.
Next day we set off along the old mule track to Deia, where the writer Robert Graves (who is buried there), has been followed by a succession of literati and glitterati - drawn to the rocky promontories and secret coves on the starkly beautiful northern coast.
Twenty years ago I did the spectacular walk from the bay at Deia, winding eastwards, in and out of the pine trees clinging to the cliff, teetering above promontories of bleached rock and aquamarine sea. I was anxious to repeat it but it was not on our itinerary - and we soon discovered why.
Alas, a storm two years ago felled scores of the pines, taking whole chunks of the cliff with them. The walk became an assault course as we clambered over, around and underneath obstacles, and by the time we reached Cala Es Galle at its end we were weary and the sun was low.
Time, then, to call the uncomplaining Ken who returned us to our hotel balcony, where we stretched our aching limbs, drinks in hand, and allowed our spirits to soar free with the swifts. | <urn:uuid:aa59aab8-e47c-47f7-a397-75b915638181> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.nzherald.co.nz/travel/news/article.cfm?c_id=7&objectid=10669934 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719677.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00560-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965358 | 1,194 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Definition of Natural Law
Rational order which exists in nature and is discoverable by human reason. It constitutes a higher form of law which all man-made laws must adhere to in order to have full legitimacy.
Everything has an optimum state which they strive to become. God directs people towards their ultimate end through eternal law. Law is a set of rules for guiding our conduct which reason reveals are the route to human flourishing.
Natural Law would still retain its validity even if God did not exist, there is no need for a theological basis. The emphasis has switched from natural law to natural rights which everybody should be allowed to enjoy. If a government infringes upon people's natural rights they should be able to overthrow the government and so this provides justification for the American and French revolutions.
Distinguished between the focal meaning of law (rules which secure the common good by co-ordinating the different goals of individuals) and the secondary meaning of law (undeveloped, primitive, corrupt and deviant laws which sit alongside focal laws). Focal laws help achieve the central case (securing ensemble of materials that favour realisation of personal development).
7 objective goals which can only be pursued in communal life, we are guided in our pursuit of these goals by the requirements of practical reasonableness (impartiality). Sound human laws will seek to implement these requirements.
Lloyd Weinreb criticises this view as he says there is no reference as to what forms the law will take. It is a principle that we do not kill, but this does not tell us anything about whether the law will permit self defence and other exceptions.
Law is activity with a certain purpose and it is the enterprise of subjecting human conduct to the governance of rules, which has a certain inner logic of its own.
If the law is procedurally defective, people will not be able to follow them as rules, and they will not function as law. There are certain principles of legality which laws must fulfil, such as prospectiveness, availability and application to all people. It is a necessary truth that the law must satsify these in order to be effective. These principles constitute the moral ideal as defects would make for unjust law. Therefore, we cannot describe the nature of law without recourse to moral concepts.
This is a procedural version of natural law which focuses on the characteristics of a set of rules if they are to amount to a good legal system. The ideal of legality, which is a moral concept, is therefore built into our definition of a legal system.
Hart disputes this view. He claims that the principles of legality only refer to the effectiveness of the law and not whether it is morally good or not. The principles are equally as compatible with bad laws.
Fuller hits back by saying that if the principles of legality are followed, law-makers will naturally enact good law as they will need to explain it to others.
Dworkin criticises what he calls the 'plain-fact' view of law. Under this view, all legal rules are a matter of historical fact and are never based upon morality. The criteria of legality therefore emanates from social sources.
He claims that this view cannot be correct as judges always resort to moral principles to resolve legal disputes, these principles are part of law by virtue of their moral merits. This is evident in the case of Riggs v Palmer, where the judges were unwilling to apply the existing legal rules as these would allow the defendant to benefit from his crime, which is morally unacceptable outcome. Dworkin says this is a huge blow to many positivist theories.
However, Dworkin's views can be disputed. He appears to assume that all positvists rely on the plain-fact view of the law, but Hart's inclusive positivism shows this is not always the case. | <urn:uuid:75e1fb21-21dc-4598-bee0-554431a1d3e6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://getrevising.co.uk/revision-cards/natural_law_theory_2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00421-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967237 | 778 | 3.28125 | 3 |
Google and newspapers are bringing a LOT of history online soon in the form of archived newspaper pages - billions of them - that will over time flow online, giving us one of the best pictures of history across many cities and a long time period that we have ever had.
This could be a researchers dream in that local news often has information you can find nowhere else. Things like Police and Fire reports, obscure local political quotes by major politicians (hmmm - that's gonna hurt sometimes), and much more. I'm really looking forward to this project!
Official Google Blog: Bringing history online, one newspaper at a time | <urn:uuid:a2d07095-08a4-4fbe-b16b-c606476723c0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blog.u-s-history.com/2008_09_08_archive.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00312-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947009 | 124 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Status Orange: High Forest Fire Risk Warning
Teagasc is urging all involved in outdoor activity to exercise extreme caution and to heed the high level warning for fires in place for the coming week. Due to current dry weather patterns and high temperature, a high fire risk is deemed to exist in all areas where hazardous fuels such as dead grasses and shrub fuels such as heather and gorse exist. This risk phase is expected to peak by next Friday, 23 July, 2021.
High outdoor visitor activity levels can be expected in line with the fine weather and the normal pattern of summer holiday usage. Members of the public intending to visit forests and other recreational sites are reminded to adhere to regulations introduced to limit the spread of Covid-19. Vehicles must not be parked at site entrances or impede emergency service access to forest roads. Forest visitors should not use barbeques, or open fires at any stage. Wildfires not only pose a serious risk to property and the rural environment, they also threaten lives directly in their path and may potentially divert the resources of our emergency services.
Teagasc asks farmers, land owners, rural dwellers and those using the countryside to be extremely vigilant in light of the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine’s Condition Orange Fire risk alert and reminds everyone that it is illegal to burn growing vegetation on uncultivated land between 1 March and 31 August. Teagasc also urges forest owners and forest managers to remain vigilant over the coming days and to have appropriate measures in place to help prevent loss or damage through fire. These measures include having:
- A risk assessment completed
- Adequate insurance against fire risk
- A current and accurate fire plan in place
- Access routes clear
- Fire breaks maintained along boundaries
- Fire suppression resources at the ready
- Co-operation with neighbours and fire patrols planned where required
Teagasc staff will continue to work with the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM), the Fire Services and local interagency groups to support farmers and forest owners in regard to awareness of fire threats as well as providing training and advice in relation to mitigation of risks. The DAFM Forest Fire Danger Rating can be consulted at www.teagasc.ie/firerisk on the forestry section of the Teagasc website. This index provides information on the fire risk and provides a forecast index for the coming days. Working together we can help minimise the current threat from fires. | <urn:uuid:0e25b6af-8fce-4bb9-aacd-25171dc52b55> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.teagasc.ie/news--events/news/2021/statusorangehighforest.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.933877 | 500 | 2.0625 | 2 |
The words cousin, cozen sound the same but have different meanings and spellings. Why do cousin, cozen sound the same even though they are completely different words?
The answer is simple: cousin, cozen are homophones of the English language.
A child of one's aunt or uncle. Also called first cousin.
A relative descended from a common ancestor, such as a grandparent, by two or more steps in a diverging line.
A relative by blood or marriage; a kinsman or kinswoman.
A member of a kindred group or country: our Canadian cousins.
To mislead by means of a petty trick or fraud; deceive.
To persuade or induce to do something by cajoling or wheedling.
To obtain by deceit or persuasion.
To act deceitfully.
Definitions from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition and Wordnik.
Homophones (literally "same sound") are usually defined as words that share the same pronunciation, regardless of how they are spelled. | <urn:uuid:22d1de45-4614-45b7-abba-4fe424195d28> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.homophone.com/h/cousin-cozen | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.934133 | 217 | 3.484375 | 3 |
THE EMOTIONS SOCIAL MEDIA BRING TO NEWS: THE EMERGENCE OF EMPATHY AND COMPASSION AS ELEMENTS IN NEWS MESSAGES
Newhagen, John E
MetadataShow full item record
This study is an experiment examining qualitative differences of social media as an emerging news platform from traditional main stream media. The study argued a need of the reinterpretation of Marshall McLuhan's notion, "media is the message" in terms of an interaction between news content and media platforms. The study proposed a new concept of users' proximity to news, called "locality," which has been matured by user driven social media environments. For the study, a laboratory experiment was conducted. A total of 83 college students in a large mid-Atlantic university participated in the laboratory experiment as a representative of young adult news consumers. A main stream media news website and Facebook were assigned as news platforms, while negative and positive news content was provided as news content to subjects. Subjects' responses to news content which was laden in the same directional valence of a platform (negative news on a negative main stream media news website) and an opposite directional platform (negative news on positive social media) were observed. Subjects' reaction time and accuracy of memory of news content were measured by psychological software. Subjects also reported their emotions such as valence, intensity, compassion and empathy on negative and positive news content. Results exhibited an effect of coactivation between news content and media platform. When the valence of news contents and its platform were contradicted, the effect of coactivation such as users' hesitation of decision making was found. The results implicated that users' preoccupied expectation for specific news platform may filter their attention to news stories on a specific platform. The ambivalent responses of both empathy and compassion on identical negative news contents supported the proposed concept of "locality." It was revealed that media users manipulate their psychological proximity to news within securing safe distances from negative situations in recent user driven communication environments. Based on the examination, implication of the study for the practice of journalism against confronting challenges was discussed. | <urn:uuid:17327838-a5b7-47af-93d3-fd265c22179b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/13106 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00475-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957124 | 424 | 2.59375 | 3 |
A REPORT ON TEACHING EFFECTIVE WRITING SKILLS:
A WEBINAR ON PROCESS WRITING
ON: 26 FEB 2022 AT 4PM
SPEAKER : MR. ANDREW STEELE ,HEAD OF TEACHING AND TRAINING,BURLINGTON
Mr ASHOKAN N V ,
Mr B A RAJGOLKAR,
Mr RAGHAVENDRA RAJE URS B
Ms SREELEKHA V S
DISCUSSION :ON THE SCHEMATIC NUANCES OF TEACHING IN VIEW OF INTRODUCING PROCESS METHOD OF WRITING
1. INTRODUCTION – as an ice breaking session, the resource person sought the opinion from the participants pertaining to their teaching strategies to cull out the points inorder to drive home the idea that process method of writing is effective as compared to product method of writing
2. 1 Definition and conceptualization of both product and process method of writing
2.2 Listing out the strategies and steps involved
2.3 Pragmatic implementation of process method with reference to the lesson on letter writing
a) Selection of a text/ identify a elements of language
b) strategies/drafting –individual ,group
c) reviewing-peer assessment, teacher assessment, assessment sheet based on rubrics
d) Re-editing and the publication of both teachers and students
e) Reflection and modification
b) Peer assessment
eg : Pyramid of Politeness and Sandwich Assessment
4. BENEFITS OF PROCESS WRITING:
Fosters Creativity: Unlike product writing, process writing does not have a model text as the starting point. That means that learners have the chance to use their previous knowledge and start thinking about a text based on the ideas that they come up with. When planning to use a process approach to writing, however, it is important to think about what type of text - or textual genre - the students will be asked to produce. If learners need to write a narrative, an article or an essay, focusing on ideas first might be a good choice. However, if the genre conventions are very fixed, like in e-mails, formal letters, or reports, a product approach to writing might be more suitable.
Encourages Collaborative Work: Most stages of process writing allow for group work and peer collaboration. Learners can work together while they generate and select ideas - they might end up many more ideas in the pre-writing phase if this is done collaboratively. Feedback is of paramount importance when writing is seen as a process. As learners can (and should!) write multiple drafts when this approach is adopted, feedback is present throughout. Instead of being provided by the teacher only, there is room for peer feedback and peer correction.
If you ask does the process writing approach have a significant effect on the essay writing performance of the participants?
Yes, process writing approach helps in paragraph writing in a very positive and significant way as process writing approach focuses on the process of text construction, many aspects that are central to writing. It would improve the cadets' thinking because they know how to think about what to write, and analyse a text added to the brainstorming activities. As a part of a class activity it can be used to raise awareness of how a text has been planned and organized, hence significantly improve the writing performance of cadets.
By Members of English Department | <urn:uuid:29b84baa-2c1a-4f94-89a0-de46583814e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sainikschoolkodagu.edu.in/index.php/activities/events?start=6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.919193 | 763 | 3.25 | 3 |
Life, interrupted / If your mother's an addict or in jail, chances are you'll repeat the pattern
Published 4:00 am, Sunday, September 7, 2003
Women have become the fastest-growing population in America's criminal justice system.
Fewer than 3,600 women were in California prisons in the mid-1980s. Ten years later, the number had risen more than 300 percent to more than 10,000 women, according to the National Women's Law Center in Washington, D.C.
When men are incarcerated, their children usually stay with their mothers. But when a mother enters the prison system, her children must stay with relatives or linger in the child welfare system.
Today's Living section takes a look at several women -- former prisoners, children of prisoners and those who have been left to care for these children. Their stories show how one woman in the prison system can change the lives of many..
Dorothy Clay lives in a sprawling development full of salmon-colored homes in Suisun City. The stout woman, who speaks with a slight accent from her native Tennessee, had raised her five children in South San Francisco before moving here in 1993 after her divorce.
She was looking forward to retirement; she'd left her job of 29 years in food services and was ready for a new beginning. What she got was four of her niece's children, whom she has taken in over the past decade: Joseph, 17; Ketra, 16; Jabri, 14; and Jah'Torri, 8.
To Clay, she has saved them from a life of uncertainty. To these children, Clay, 66, is "Grandma Dot" - the woman rescued them when their mother, Juidell Preston, started getting in trouble with drugs and the law. Clay is the one who kept them safe every time Preston went to jail.
Nationwide, the Child Welfare League of America estimates that almost 2 million children have incarcerated parents; 10 million more are said to have parents who have been imprisoned at some point in their children's lives.
The number of women entering the criminal justice system is rapidly growing,
but the problems they face, including the fate of their children, have not gotten a lot of attention. This is, in part, because women are still a tiny percentage of the overall prison population nationwide (about 7 percent). They make up an almost invisible segment of a male-dominated system. And they, along with their children, have been referred to by journalists as an "unseen body count."
Juidell Preston was born exposed to heroin, the daughter of a woman who sold drugs and her body to support her addiction. Her mother, Jean, spent much of her life in and out of jail and prison.
Whether Juidell was putting away Jean's drugs when she was too high to do it or visiting her mother in prison, almost everything about Juidell's life was influenced by her mother. But, she says, "I never wanted to be like my mom. "
Although many children of female prisoners aspire "not to be like Mom," the reality is that a high percentage of them end up sharing a similar fate. A growing body of research from the California Research Bureau shows that children of incarcerated parents - particularly boys - are six times as likely to go to jail themselves as other children.
Preston, 36, initially aspired to work in health care. Eventually, though, she fell into what she knew: drugs. When she had her first baby, Joseph, she'd been addicted to marijuana for eight years. She was 19. In 1988, she became addicted to crack. She started selling it with her brother to support her habit.
Her timing couldn't have been worse. Around the same time, the "war on drugs" had been intensified nationwide. Drug offenders were being punished with longer and swifter sentences. And although the drug war was promoted as a way to decrease violent crime, two decades later, it is nonviolent criminals who linger in the justice system, many of them battling drug addictions not addressed there.
This is particularly true for women. And because women are often the primary caretakers of young children (80 percent of women in California's criminal justice system are single mothers at the time of their arrest), the number of children affected has risen greatly.
The California Research Bureau, a branch of the California State Library, was commissioned in 2000 by Education Secretary Kerry Mazzoni to investigate the long-term impact of parental incarceration on children. The findings reveal that the impact is severe. The children may have to change where they live. It can take days after the arrest before a social worker can determine where a child is living. The anxiety and disruption can lead to poor school performance, behavioral disorders, anxiety, guilt and shame.
"(Children) are victim, as much as the public is, to their mother's circumstances," says Anne Powell, a graduate social-work researcher at UC Berkeley. But the situation is not an easy one to solve; putting women in prison for drug-related offenses when they are mothers can be costly for the state, particularly when those children end up in foster care.
"I'm not an apologist for parents' behavior, but I think we have to be more compassionate. Parenting is not an innate behavior. These women are doing the best they can with what they've got."
Entering the system
The first time Juidell Preston went to jail, it was for a problem common among women in the criminal justice system: domestic violence. She was dating an abusive man, and one night, she'd had enough. She stabbed him 19 times. "He died with a clump of my hair in his hands," she says, without blinking. "I had always made a pact that nobody would beat me - my mother would have knuckle prints on her forehead, and I vowed that I'd never let a man do that to me."
She was convicted of involuntary manslaughter in 1990. Preston served six months of jail time in San Francisco. By the time she went to jail, her mother had already called Child Protective Services on her because she'd left her children alone for days at a time.
When Preston was eligible to get her three children back after her release, she was conflicted. She knew they were safe with Clay.
But she was caught in a vicious circle - her addiction led to her breaking the law and kept her going in and out of jail.
Every time Preston left jail for one thing, she'd end up back for something else. Although three of her children were already staying with Clay, she tried to maintain custody of Jah'Torri, her youngest. In 2001, Preston was caught shoplifting an outfit for Jah'Torri at Ross, and when she went to jail, Jah'Torri was sent to live with an aunt in Richmond.
A few months later, when Preston was arrested for $30,000 worth of check fraud, Jah'Torri, then 6, joined her older siblings at Clay's house in Suisun.
Because Jah'Torri had seen her mother arrested, lived on the streets with her and been a witness to her mother's addiction, she is the "hardest one," says Clay. When she came to live with Clay, she didn't care about school. She was defensive, she made things up, she lashed out at her siblings.
Only one of Preston's children, Ketra, knows her father. He is also in and out of jail. That is true for an increasing number of children of female prisoners.
Life goes on
"If I had seen my mother's lifestyle and I saw that it wasn't so good," Clay says, "I think I would try and stay away from that."
As she begins talking, Ketra, 16, comes stumbling down the beige stairs half awake. She rolls her eyes a little at Clay when the older woman asks about Jabri, who is somewhere else. Joseph, 17, who is 282 pounds and 6 feet tall, is sprawled on the couch watching "SportsCenter." He's built like a football player, but since he started Little League at 7, he has dreamed about a career in major league baseball.
Ketra, who hardly ever cracks a smile, has the same cleft in her chin as her mother. She does not, however, share her mother's priorities. "They say never say never, but I will never do drugs," she says. "Never." The high school junior is a sprinter on the track team and a volleyball player. She is tall and thin and was once a child model.
She wears her hair in tiny braids with a bubble-gum-pink streak in the front. She wears a ring on her index finger with her first initial on it. Ketra is called mature because she is used to taking care of herself. Her father, whom she met two years ago, has been diagnosed with AIDS and is in and out of her life.
"When I met my dad, he was selling us big dreams, like my mom," Ketra says. "She kept saying that she'd get us back when I was 13. When I got older, I realized that I didn't want to go back." Because of the way she carries herself, people imagine her mother is "some high-class business lady." She doesn't hide the truth, but she doesn't broadcast it, either.
"I don't look at it like she did something so wrong, because I'd rather be here," Ketra says. "When I was a child, I used to be mad because I just wanted a mom. I stopped tripping off of her. I just stopped caring." Jah'Torri, who has just finished a bowl of Scooby Doo cereal, plays with a flyswatter and a green bottle of lotion. She also says she doesn't care about her mom's past. She hardly ever speaks. When she does, it's usually to tell her brother or sister to shut up.
Clay receives $1,200 in Aid to Families With Dependent Children benefits monthly to care for the children. Preston will be required to pay back the money Clay has received from the county over the past 10 years for raising them. In Clay's mind, it's the least Preston can do.
"When (Juidell) was getting her life together, she never did come back and fight for them," Clay says. "One time, she came and stayed for a week. She would only call them on their birthdays."
When Preston was in jail, Clay said she never took the children to visit. Preston didn't seem interested in seeing them, she says, and "I don't like no jail."
This is a prevalent attitude among some relatives, particularly grandparents, who are the frequent caretakers of the children of women in jail or prison. Visitation is somewhat easier for women who are in jail; prison visitation is more complicated. The largest women's prisons, for instance, are concentrated in Madera County, which can be a two- to three-hour drive from San Francisco or Los Angeles. Because many relatives can't afford to visit, mothers in prison rarely see their children.
Jah'Torri, though, saw enough of her mother outside of jail to get to know her. She was raised by Preston until two years ago, and living here in Suisun has seemed an awkward respite from her turbulent life with Mom.
When she is asked how she feels about her mother, she seems to be fighting for air.
"Sometimes, when I wasn't with her, it was fun," Jah'Torri says, playing with the pink flyswatter. She looks up, and Ketra says, "She's about to cry."
A moment later, the tears drop down her cheeks and she puts her hands over her eyes. Jah'Torri says she has only told four people at her school about her mom. "Most of the people I tell say the same thing has happened to them." She is in therapy, which the state pays for. She doesn't want to see her mother right now. She goes to classes and sings in the choir at church. Sometimes, though, she slips into depression, Clay says.
After she graduates next school year, Ketra plans to go into the Air Force. If she wanted to, she could spend a year with her mother before she is legally independent. She doesn't really see the point.
"I'll be 18 soon, and it's pointless to spend one year with her. If she was doing right in the first place, there'd be no making up for lost time," Ketra says. "But I don't dwell in the past; I look forward to the future."
For Clay, it's not that simple.
"I forgive her for me having the kids because they would have been in bad shape with her," Clay says. "But I have to keep a distance between us. To me, Juidell chose drugs as her children. She got a long ways to go. She's probably on the right road now, but I don't know - I can't say."
Four of the five plants in Preston's new studio in downtown San Francisco represent her children. They're near a small window, where the view is a close- up of Interstate 80. They are small, green plants without a speck of brown on them or a leaf out of place.
The smallest - a tiny bamboo plant high up on a shelf near her television - is in front of Jah'Torri's baby picture. On the same shelf, she keeps her certificate of graduation from Epiphany House, a transitional house in San Francisco's Western Addition for recovering addicts.
Sharon Nelson, a counselor at Epiphany who has been there more than a year and who referred Preston there in the first place, works with 14 women at the house - all ex-convicts. Most of the women have lost custody of their children at one time or another. Some of them are still completing their court-ordered family reunification plans - mandated requirements that may help them regain custody. Residents can live at Epiphany House with kids younger than 3.
"The thing about women is that they don't have to even tell anyone they've been to jail. If there's a blank in your life, you can just say you were dealing with your kids," Nelson says. "The thing about mothers is that their actions are not a reflection of the love they have for their kids. It's about the addiction."
This is where Preston began to understand her addiction and how her relationship with her mother shaped her life.
A mother struggles
A friend of Preston's at the house, Irene King, 37, is another mother working her way through recovery.
King was once a quiet girl from Bayview-Hunters Point who changed when she started doing drugs and partying in high school. When she was 19, she met a drug dealer whom she lived with for 6 1/2 years. When he started selling cocaine, she started snorting it, and was addicted to the drug for 14 years. She went to jail a few times for misdemeanors - once for petty theft, another time for an outstanding warrant.
Before she tried getting clean, she'd had three children. A woman's parental rights can be terminated if her child tests positive for drug exposure. Two of King's children were taken from her at birth because they tested positive for cocaine. The third, a girl, was adopted in a closed adoption when she was 7.
King still wonders if her daughter remembers her. "I don't know where she is, and it really hurts to know that I may never see her again. I cry and pray and write her little stories."
Nelson, who has worked in substance abuse counseling for more than a decade,
began working with women in recovery because she is one herself. After the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, she took a job in Oakland at one of the first community-based recovery services for women and infants.
At Epiphany House she is widely regarded as a soothing presence. She says she's witnessed second- and third-generation addiction, lack of value systems and a host of problems that overlap in women's lives once they've been in the criminal justice system. Jails and prisons seem to exacerbate the problems of women, particularly mothers, adding to the problems they face in recovery.
"I call (prison) the new slavery," Nelson says. "Prison and jail don't allow mothers to attach to their babies. And when babies don't get attached, they don't know how to give that to the next generation. We have to do something to save our babies."
King had been at Epiphany House for almost a year at the time of this interview. She'd been clean for 18 months. She had custody of her 15-month-old,
Jeremiah, who was born while she was in recovery.
"I still haven't forgiven myself for losing my other kids," King says. "But at least it's like God gave me three strikes and now I have another chance with Jeremiah."
Like Preston, King will move out of Epiphany House soon and begin the challenge of recovering from addiction away from a rehabilitation program.
On a far table in Preston's new studio, near the door, surrounded by pictures of her other family members and her boyfriend, there is a healthy plant with large, abundant leaves. That one represents her.
"I miss my kids," Preston says. "I can accept what's going on in my recovery, and all I can do is work on myself so I can be a better mother to them when they do come back into my life. I'm just trying to stop history from repeating itself. I'm trying a new way. It took me this long to get it, but better late than never."
Preston has two jobs: She sweeps streets with SoMa Partnership and works as a caretaker at Rafiki House in San Francisco, a program for people with AIDS. Staying busy helps her keep her mind on staying sober and off the past. It helps her focus on being a better person.
As for being a better mother, she says, "I had to let thoughts of that go. I can't force them to come see me."
Incarcerated moms and their children
-- Women make up 11 percent of California's prison population. Fifty-four percent of those women are single parents and primary caretakers at the time of arrest. More than 60 percent have been incarcerated for nonviolent crimes such as drug offenses and property crimes.
-- In California, female inmates are twice as likely to have three or more children as male inmates.
-- Children of incarcerated parents are six times as likely as other children to be put in prison as adults. Many suffer learning disabilities and significant trauma. They are often placed with low-income relatives.
-- There are as many as 10 million children whose parents are incarcerated or under correctional supervision at some point in the parents' lives. More than 200,000 children in the nation have an imprisoned mother. Three thousand children in California have mothers in prison.
-- The Federal 1997 Adoption and Safe Families Act, which includes a provision mandating that parental rights be terminated if a child has been in foster care for more than 15 of the past 22 months, has led to many female prisoners losing their children when they are released. (Nine percent of the children of incarcerated parents end up in foster care.)
-- Former inmates are required to pay the county back for the cost of caring for their children upon release, a provision that prisoners are usually not aware of until their release.
-- Six percent of women are pregnant when they enter prison.
-- The most common caretakers of children of female prisoners are grandparents (45 percent), other relatives (24 percent) and friends.
Sources: Federal Resource Center for Children of Prisoners, a project of the Child Welfare League of America; Bureau of Justice
Where to go
-- A New Way of Life, P.O. Box 875288, Los Angeles, CA 90087. (323) 563- 3575.
-- California Department of Corrections, Office of Community Services, P.O.
Box 942883, Sacramento, CA 94283. (916) 323-0125.
-- The Center for Children of Incarcerated Parents, P.O. Box 41-286, Eagle Rock, CA 90041. www.e-ccip. org, (626) 449-2470.
-- Friends Outside, Gretchen Newby, executive director, P.O. Box 4085, Stockton, CA 95204, www.friendsoutside.org, (209) 938-0727.
-- Legal Services for Prisoners With Children, 1540 Market St. No. 490, San Francisco, CA 94102. (415) 255-7036. | <urn:uuid:129312a1-5441-4c83-ab3b-e55c48faa3a7> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.sfgate.com/living/article/Life-interrupted-If-your-mother-s-an-addict-or-2590507.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720000.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00023-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.985849 | 4,331 | 1.84375 | 2 |
TWIC Cards and Crimes
Locate a Local Criminal Lawyer
What’s a TWIC Card?
TWIC stands for Transportation Worker Identification Credential. It is a type of ID card issued by the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) for workers who require unescorted access to different secure areas of maritime facilities and certain sea vessels. The card has tamper-resistant features such as a fingerprint template used for identifying the holder.
Persons who must be issued a TWIC card include: truck drivers, long shore employees, port facility workers, and any mariner who is credentialed by the U.S. Coast Guard. Having a criminal record can negatively affect a person’s eligibility for a TWIC card, since they are issued to persons who will be accessing secured areas without an escort.
What Crimes May Make a Person Ineligible for a TWIC Card?
Having certain criminal convictions on one’s record can make them ineligible for a TWIC card. For TWIC purposes, there are two categories of crimes: “Permanent Disqualifying Offenses”, which would permanently disqualify a person from applying; and “Interim Disqualifying Offenses”, in which the applicant can apply for a waiver for the crimes involved.
Permanent Disqualifying Offenses include:
- Espionage, sedition, or treason
- Conspiracy to commit espionage, sedition, or treason
- A “crime of terrorism” as defined by federal or state law, or conspiracy to commit a crime of terrorism
- Crimes involving a “transportation security incident”
- Improperly transporting hazardous materials
- Crimes involving explosives or explosive devices
- Crimes involving threats or false information regarding the placement of an explosive in a public place or public transportation system
- Violations of the federal Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act
Interim Disqualifying Offenses include:
- Crimes involving the unlawful uses or transportation of firearms
- Crimes involving extortion, dishonesty, fraud, money laundering, and identity theft
- Immigration-related offenses
- Crimes involving the distribution of controlled substances (or possession with the intent to distribute)
- Certain violent crimes such as rape, aggravated sexual abuse, assault with the intent to kill, and robbery
- Fraudulent entry or access into a seaport
- Attempt or conspiracy to commit the crimes listed
If a crime has been expunged, it will usually not appear in the TWIC application process. However, being on probation for a crime, or having a pending charge may make a person automatically ineligible.
Are Waivers or Appeals Available for Persons Convicted of a Crime?
Waivers are not available for Permanently Disqualifying Offenses involving espionage, sedition, treason, or terrorism. Waivers may be obtained for the remaining types of crimes, subject to review and approval.
Finally, in the event that an application is denied on criminal grounds, the applicant can usually file an appeal with the review board. Both waivers and appeals require a complex determination of the circumstances surrounding the applicant.
Do I Need a Lawyer if I Have Issues With TWIC Cards and Crimes?
A TWIC card is an important part of many maritime-related jobs. If you need assistance with a TWIC application, you may wish to consult with a criminal lawyer in your area. Your attorney can review the application with you in light of any criminal history you may have. Also, if you need to apply for a waiver or an appeal, your lawyer can assist you throughout the process.
Consult a Lawyer - Present Your Case Now!
Last Modified: 04-30-2012 12:16 PM PDT
Link to this page | <urn:uuid:908acdb2-d95b-42e9-9039-719e9c20eb2c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.legalmatch.com/law-library/article/twic-cards-and-crimes.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00482-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.919716 | 769 | 1.8125 | 2 |
object, used by the NumericTextBox, which loses precision after 16 digits. You can test the following simple scenario, which will demonstrate the same result:
number = -9999999999999999.99;
You could find detailed information on the Number object in the following link:
Do you want to have your say when we set our development plans?
Do you want to know when a feature you care about is added or when a bug fixed?
Telerik Feedback Portal
and vote to affect the priority of the items | <urn:uuid:98aff8b2-5f58-47d6-bd9c-e234e844f6b2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.telerik.com/forums/numeric-textbox-changing-value-automatically-to-10-000-000-000-000-000-00-when-enter-9-999-999-999-999-999-99 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00064-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.852662 | 109 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Last night, Naftali Moses, an American Israeli, paced the floor of his home in Efrat, a Bethlehem suburb, where Pope Benedict XVI spent the day.
Today, Mr. Moses will meet the Pope to share his grief over the loss of his son, Avraham David Moses, to the hands of an Arab terrorist.
It has been 14 months since an Arab sprayed more than 500 bullets into the library of Jerusalem’s Rabbi Kook Talmudic Academy, mowing down eight young men while they studied the Talmud.
Avraham David Moses and his learning partner, Segev Avichayil, were studying together when the terrorist entered the library.
AdSys ad not found for top_stories/bullet_points:instory –>
The two boys were immersed in learning when their friends yelled to both of them to run for their lives, but they did not run fast enough.
The Arab murdered both boys in cold blood, shooting Avraham David and Segev in the back of their necks to make sure that they were dead.
The assailant was eventually shot to death by a neighbor who heard the shooting in the seminary. Following the murder, the Palestinian Authority (PA) declared the murderer an “honored martyr.”
Mr. Naftali says that he will tell the Pope about his double pain – losing a son, and witnessing the PA, run by Mahmoud Abbas, honor the murderer of his son.
David Bedein can be reached at email@example.com | <urn:uuid:743f991a-c047-4fd6-a969-53c1d1fe9507> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://israelbehindthenews.com/2009/05/14/grieving-father-of-terror-victim-to-meet-with-pope/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.97795 | 324 | 1.945313 | 2 |
The Dogue de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Mastiff or French Mastiff is one of the most ancient french breeds of dog. Bordeaux have a strong, muscular and powerful body while keeping a calm, protective temperament. The breed has had such roles as farm work, hunting, guarding herds, and even early military.
The Dogue de Bordeaux hails from France, known to be present from as early as the fourteenth century. Depending on the area of France, and the type of job they would be completing, the breed would be called one of three standard names. The Parisian, Toulouse, or The Bordeaux.
There were many setbacks in the breed's history. During the war, Adolf Hitler ordered all Dogue de Bordeaux to be killed on sight because of their devotion to family and their guarding capabilities. This almost brought the breed to complete extinction. Only seven breeding pairs were left after World War II.
The breed is patient, extremely loyal and devoted to his family, while being fearless and confrontational with strangers. The Bordeaux is a strong guard and watch dog.
This ancient French mastiff breed first came to the attention in North American when it starred in the movie "Turner and Hooch".
Credit: Dog Breed Info
The male Bordeaux can weigh over 120 pounds and up to 150 pounds while the females can weigh over 100 pounds and up to 135 pounds. The breed usually has a height between 23 and 30 inches or 58 to 78 centimetres.
The Bordeaux size mainly comes from its width, and large muscles. It is very thick-set and low to the ground. The most noticeable feature of the Dogue de Bordeaux is it's overly large head, in proportion to the rest of its body.
The teeth meet in an underbite while the upper lips hang thickly down over the lower jaw. The thick skin on the neck is loose, creating a noticeable skin feature.
The Dogue de Bordeaux is known by its attractive colouring that may be mahogany (red-brown), yellow-brown or golden. The coat is short and smooth and requires little grooming.
The average lifespan of the Bordeaux breed is around 10 to 12 years. | <urn:uuid:ae2a1f65-bf00-4f28-aa85-b1e4f2c28a1f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.infobarrel.com/Dogue_de_Bordeaux | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00361-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956908 | 466 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Are you fed up of a hectic dial-in process, driver installation or configuration while using a new data card? Say thanks to Huawei, now you will soon have a data card that connects to the Internet just 15 seconds after inserting it into the port. The new data card from the China-based Huawei is called “HiLink E353”, which the company says is the world's first plug and link data card. [RELATED_ARTICLE]
According to Huawei, “HiLink E353” does not need any driver installation or manual configuration, making the process faster by nearly 75 percent as compared to other data cards in the market. The company further states that the new data card is the first EDGE/GPRS/GSM-compatible product in the Huawei HiLink series that supports HSPA network with 21Mbps downlink.
"Leveraging revolutionary 4th generation data card technology, the HiLink series is poised to change the data card industry landscape...we believe that it will not only enhance consumers' user experience, it will also enable operators to reduce backend development and maintenance costs and speed up UI customisation, enhancing the competitiveness of their products,” The Mobile Indian quotes Wu Shimin, president of mobile broadband, Huawei Device, as saying.
The HiLink will come in the third quarter of 2011 and debut in Turkey. According to reports, the data card will come in India in the fourth quarter of this year. | <urn:uuid:df3f5b29-ce01-4b2a-8032-0d8d00e8a274> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.digit.in/laptops/huawei-brings-out-world-s-first-plug-and-link-data-card-hilink-e353-7301.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00501-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941737 | 299 | 1.570313 | 2 |
GDP Deflator in Hungary averaged 79.32 points from 1995 until 2022, reaching an all time high of 137.89 points in the fourth quarter of 2021 and a record low of 24.27 points in the first quarter of 1995. This page provides - Hungary GDP Deflator - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news. Hungary GDP Deflator - values, historical data and charts - was last updated on August of 2022.
GDP Deflator in Hungary is expected to be 143.66 points by the end of this quarter, according to Trading Economics global macro models and analysts expectations. In the long-term, the Hungary GDP Deflator is projected to trend around 157.78 points in 2023 and 162.83 points in 2024, according to our econometric models. | <urn:uuid:b9284ec2-22db-4947-be0e-0b713f972f81> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://d3fy651gv2fhd3.cloudfront.net/hungary/gdp-deflator | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.886121 | 166 | 1.585938 | 2 |
The Monte Carlo (MC) method is a popular approach to modeling photon propagation inside general turbid media, such as human tissue. Progress had been made in the past year with the independent proposals of two mesh-based Monte Carlo methods employing ray-tracing techniques. Both methods have shown improvements in accuracy and efficiency in modeling complex domains. A recent paper by Shen and Wang [Biomed. Opt. Express 2, 44 (2011)] reported preliminary results towards the cross-validation of the two mesh-based MC algorithms and software implementations, showing a 3–6 fold speed difference between the two software packages. In this comment, we share our views on unbiased software comparisons and discuss additional issues such as the use of pre-computed data, interpolation strategies, impact of compiler settings, use of Russian roulette, memory cost and potential pitfalls in measuring algorithm performance. Despite key differences between the two algorithms in handling of non-tetrahedral meshes, we found that they share similar structure and performance for tetrahedral meshes. A significant fraction of the observed speed differences in the mentioned article was the result of inconsistent use of compilers and libraries.
© 2011 OSAFull Article | PDF Article
OSA Recommended Articles
Haiou Shen and Ge Wang
Biomed. Opt. Express 2(1) 44-57 (2011)
Qianqian Fang and David R. Kaeli
Biomed. Opt. Express 3(12) 3223-3230 (2012)
Biomed. Opt. Express 1(1) 165-175 (2010) | <urn:uuid:3258e7c2-e339-4a47-8372-1dd549d19f6e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.osapublishing.org/boe/abstract.cfm?uri=boe-2-5-1258 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00347-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.909316 | 320 | 1.5625 | 2 |
‘Berkeley Protocol’ Creates First Standards for Social Media as Evidence of War Crimes |
By Andrew Cohen
At the Nuremberg trials, harrowing video footage of Nazi concentration camps comprised the first use of film as evidence in international criminal prosecutions. On December 1, some 75 years later, a virtual event broadcast live from Nuremberg, Geneva, and Berkeley officially launched the Berkeley Protocol on Digital Open Source Investigations.
A three-year joint effort by Berkeley Law’s Human Rights Center (HRC) and the U.N. Human Rights Office, the Protocol marks the first global guidelines for using publicly available information online — including photos, videos, and other content posted to social media sites — as evidence in international criminal and human rights investigations.
“While an explosion of online information — sometimes captured by people in war zones who take great risk to do so — has shed light on human rights abuses and potential war crimes around the world, lawyers, journalists, researchers, and advocates need to know how to handle this information ethically and effectively,” says HRC Executive Director Alexa Koenig.
She calls the Berkeley Protocol “a living document that will help strengthen war crimes investigations using 21st century methods, with the goal of improving justice and accountability worldwide.”
It’s a new tool for strengthening the use of video and other digital information to seek justice for human rights atrocities. Based on extensive research, six workshops, and consultations with more than 150 experts, it is being published in all languages of the United Nations.
The launch event began with remarks from the Lord Mayor of Nuremberg, U.N. Human Rights Office Commissioner Michelle Bachelet, and former commissioner Navi Pillay, past president of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.
“Technology can help us see the distant, the obscured, and the unimaginable — and serve as concrete proof of violations of human rights and international law,” Bachelet says. “In an era of widespread misinformation and disinformation, the Protocol gains even more importance. This new tool is, ultimately, about protecting human rights and advancing justice.”
Primed to produce
Koenig, HRC Faculty Director Eric Stover, and Director of Law and Policy Lindsay Freeman made up the Berkeley Protocol’s coordinating committee, with support from HRC Investigations Lab Director Stephanie Croft and former Berkeley Law students Andrea Trewinnard ’19 and Elise Baker ’20.
“While the Berkeley Protocol’s creation has required a herculean effort involving hundreds of people over several years, we see it as a foundation on which this community of practice can continue to build,” Stover says. “This is just the beginning, and we invite others to develop, adapt, and refine these standards as we collectively work to ensure justice for the world’s gravest crimes.”
With a long history of working on issues at the cross section of science, technology, and law, HRC was well positioned to spearhead this effort.
Launched in 2016, the center’s Investigations Lab is the first university-based open source investigations unit to discover and verify human rights violations and potential war crimes — with over 75 students who collectively speak 30 languages contributing verified information to international NGOs, news organizations, and legal partners. As the lab’s prominence and role helping human rights lawyers collect and analyze information from social media grew, more questions flowed in from organizations worldwide.
“We couldn’t answer most of them, including specifics about how user-generated content should be collected and stored to ensure its utility in future legal proceedings,” Koenig says. “We realized we weren’t alone in struggling to make sense of this relatively new field of practice and that we needed to meet the moment.” | <urn:uuid:44e0f2aa-cf6b-4129-ad5a-198515a1cb20> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.anoncandanga.com/the-berkeley-protocol-standards-for-social-media-as-evidence-of-war-crimes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.915155 | 789 | 2.734375 | 3 |
I have made the case that with the advent of the internet went the need to memorize anything. Why worry about memorizing when I'll never be tested for a grade and can access knowledge nearly instantaneously? As well, I reasoned, I have probably already memorized everything I need to. I focused my time instead on learning thinking techniques, such as Bayesian calculations, expected value calculations and various things for improving emotional control.
But after reading this a couple months back I decided to experiment with Anki, a digital flashcard program which exploits a cognitive phenomenon called the Spacing Effect by implementing a memorization technique called Spaced Repetition. The Spacing Effect is the widely observed tendency for people to recall information better when studied a few times over a long period than when studied many times over a short period. Balota et al (2007):
Spacing effects occur across domains (e.g., learning perceptual motor tasks vs. learning lists of words), across species (e.g., rats, pigeons, and humans), across age groups and individuals with different memory impairments, and across retention intervals of seconds to months.
You can think of the ‘forgetting curve’ as being like a chart of radioactive half-lives: each review bumps your memory up in strength 50% of the chart, say, but review doesn’t do very much in the early days because the memory simply hasn’t decayed very much! (Chart)
One consequence of the spacing effect is that cramming is useful for recalling things shortly after memorizing them; however, if those crammed memories are not eventually refreshed then they are likely to decay to nothing. From this observation came Spaced Repetition: a memorization technique using flashcards (usually) shown at increasing intervals of time to optimize the relationship between number of reviews and strength of memory. The PC explosion was a boon to Spaced Repetition since storing and showing flashcards as well as physically calculating their frequencies were delegated to the computer. The program Anki, for instance, permits the user to generate flashcard decks, specify study session length and frequency, specify how many new cards are introduced per session and specify the frequency of the cards based on the user's input. Hard material is shown more often than easy material, with the ease or difficulty being determined directly by the user selecting buttons marked “again,” “easy,” “good,” and “hard.”
That sounds nifty, but how well does it work? As for myself, using the Anki default settings, I was able to thoroughly memorize a deck of 80 cognitive biases and related terms (160 cards total, name to definition and vice avers) in about three weeks using Anki ~15 minutes/day. Since the cards are pushed back further and further for review as I progressed, I have only five cards to review today. The first one, Endowment Effect, came instantly to me so I selected the “easy” button. Now, as a result of the Anki algorithm, I won't see that card for 1.3 months. My low expectations for the Anki experiment were exceeded.
Piotr Wozniak, who designed the first SuperMemo algorithm in the early 80's (of which later versions are still in use in SuperMemo as well as Anki), and devoted enormous energies to studying modern computer aided self-instruction systems promotes spaced repetition. He and two others developed a two-variable framework for memorization which they built upon to examine a way of optimizing interval spacing in Spaced Repetition. The first variable, memory retrieval (R), is the probability of recalling something and is approximated by an exponential decay function, while the second variable, memory stability (S), measures how long a memory lasts before it is forgotten entirely. Wozniak et al, expressed S as the inter-repetition interval time that produces R = 90% (the likelihood of recall being a 9 out of 10 chance) and concluded the following:
We express the changes in retrievability as:
- t - time
- R - probability of recall at time t (retrievability)
- d - decay constant dependent on the stability
We can replace the constant d dependent on stability, with a constant k that is independent of stability:
- t - time
- R - probability of recall at time t
- S - stability expressed by the inter-repetition interval that results in retrievability of 90% (i.e. R=0.9)
- k - constant independent of stability
Drawing on analysis of large data sets cultivated from SuperMemo, Wozniak et al provide empirical evidence that memory decay matches their exponential decay approximation. The goal of Wozniak's SuperMemo algorithm is to optimize inter-repetition spacing by (theoretically) refreshing a memory the moment before it decays totally, thus spiking that memory until it decays near totally again and gets spiked again. (Although, depending on the importance of being able to recall of a piece of information, it can be used, theoretically, to spike a memory every time it decays to likelihood of recall of 90%, 80%, 70%, etc.) Interestingly, in a meta-analysis by Balota et al (2007) , the authors conclude that while spaced repetition is certainly better than massed practice (studying all at once and then not reviewing again), spaced repetition shows no advantage over static spaced repetition (holding intervals constant)! Since most studies cited in the meta-analysis used a small number (usually three) retrieval attempts, the authors suggest that future research should expand this number to better reflect the way people can practically use spaced repetition. In my estimation, when it comes to memorization, given the ease of use of these digital flashcards programs, the specific algorithm design is a secondary concern to being personally disciplined to consistently review material until you think you've internalized it fully.
Another consideration beyond algorithm design is formulating a usable flashcard deck: simplifying the information and implementing techniques to enhance recall. Wozniak et al found evidence that it was harder to recall information the more complex it was. Hence, Wozniak recommends 20 rules for formatting knowledge to make flashcards more digestible during reviews. The first three rules are standard: understand before you learn, learn before you memorize and build on the basics. The remaining rules are specific to developing and maintaining flashcard decks, such as simplifying questions, using clozed deletion (a sentence missing a part replaced by three dots), including images, avoiding sets, etc. If you are planning on creating your own deck then familiarize yourself with these rules.
Additionally, I recommend including hyperlinks, if available, in your cards to sources with thorough explanations of the topics, and to be careful doing Wikipedia-based decks. Having small previous knowledge of cognitive biases when I started, it was essential to read expanded explanations on many of the terms to understand them completely, so I actually updated the deck, which someone else created, with hyperlinks on every card. I think it greatly enhanced the usability and effectiveness of the deck. Incidentally, when I went to Wikipedia to better grasp many of the terms, I found several entries there lacking in credibility. On at least two occasions, after being skeptical of an entry on a term, I Googled the term and found every other mention of it on the internet was either sourced to Wikipedia or directly copied from there.
This all still sounds nifty, but, I'll repeat, why worry about memorizing when I'll never be tested for a grade and can access knowledge nearly instantaneously? As for standard trivia type information (state capitals, etc), memorization is virtually a total waste of time (thank you, technology!). Instant recall of facts, except on Jeopardy or when using a foreign language, is generally not of value. Think of a time when your inability to instantly recall a fact resulted in a financial loss for you—I can't. On the other hand, every damn day I am confronted with dynamic situations where I am forced to make quick decisions that vary in effectiveness based on how well I analyze what is happening and construct counter-strategies that maximize my utility. In these moments, when the necessary facts are right in front of us, what we usually don't have is a comprehensive database of methodologies, heuristics and other decision theoretic knowledge to surf through and use for calculating useful outputs. You might be familiar with Bayesianism, Nonviolent Communication (NVC), PUA, logical fallacies and the like, but it is unlikely you have internalized the concepts to the point where even in the face of chaos or emotional turmoil (when it likely matters most) you can implement them to the best of your mental ability. Thus, I recommend using digital flashcards employing Spaced Repetition to memorize a relatively small set of widely applicable methods (and related knowledge) for use in dynamic situations that require instant or near-instant action.
NVC is the poster-child because it is an easy to remember step-by-step process which does not require complicated inputs for any of the steps; virtually anyone can observe a situation, dissect relevant information from it and then run it through the NVC process. While simple, NVC might be most valuable in chaotic or emotionally-charged social situation when minds are thrust into primate mode, making it that more important to ingrain thoroughly. Divia, who created an NVC deck and several other useful Anki decks, recounts successfully using NVC on a train when a drunk sports fan near her was acting belligerent (imagine that!). In my experience, having internalized a bunch of cognitive biases, I'm feel like I am vigilant about recognizing them in my thoughts and behaviors and in those of others, without devoting much conscious effort to doing so. I expect that databasing of logical fallacies and human behavioral cues will have the same effect. Please list other methods or knowledge that you think would be worth devoting time to memorize.
In sum, spaced repetition for memorization is superior to massed consumption without further review, although it is undetermined what inter-repetition algorithm is best. It seems that having discipline and consistency in review is more important than the inter-repetition spacing, as even static spacing works well. Also important is the design and maintenance of the flash card decks used for spaced repetition exercise, with an emphasis on simplifying the information presented. Lastly, be thoughtful about what things use spend time memorizing. Almost all information is just as useful to us wherever it currently is, especially if it is on the internet, than it would be if we had it memorized. Thus, I suggest using Anki or other spaced repetition software to memorize methods, concepts and knowledge can be deployed in dynamic situations where we are forced to make important decisions in an instant or near-instant.
Balota, D.A., Duchek, J.M., & Logan, J.M. (2007). Is expanded retrieval practice a superior form of spaced retrieval? A critical review of the extant literature. In J. Nairne (Ed.), The Foundations of Remembering: Essays in Honor of Henry L. Roediger III, (pp. 83-106), Psychology Press, New York. | <urn:uuid:85c1853e-0be6-4493-b9b7-15ea44cbc188> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://lesswrong.com/lw/64k/memory_spaced_repetition_and_life/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720972.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00251-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941924 | 2,342 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Even though goals are personal and specific to what our particular environments may need at a particular moment in time, the reality is we can learn a lot from those around us. By reading, hearing and discussing others goals, each of us can find a commonality in what we may want to focus on in the coming months and year. Let's face it, we all want to better tomorrow than we are today. And, not only do we want to improve ourselves, we want others around us to excel even more so.
As I think about my goals ahead, I reflect on the past. This summer has been inspirational to say the least. I have participated in a variety of professional development experiences and have pushed myself to be more knowledgeable about my career then ever before. Whether being a part of district led activities and conversations about Blended Learning and Personalization, attending the Innovative Learning Environments Conference or reading books including: Drive by Daniel Pink, Greater Than Yourself by Steve Farber and Teach Like a Pirate by Dave Burgess. Each opportunity and experience has motivated me and energized me to the return of school in less than two weeks. These books, along with the conference, will be pivotal to my direction this year.
To top off the year, and the summer, last week was EdCampILE. This all-day event was everything an EdCamp is intended to be. It was professionally invigorating! I had been to a camp before but this camp came with an entirely different experience. I was part of the team that organized it!
It was with my colleague Jacki Prati that we organized, (with help from others, of course) invited, promoted and facilitated a day of learning for over 125 passionate educators. We followed the advice of organizers before us and gave back to others in a way that was rewarding for all. The day was powerful and validated so many of our passions and our need for professional growth.
(blog.smallbizthoughts.com)With all of these experiences of this past year, and specifically this past summer, I now have the resources and mindset to set goals that will carry me into the year ahead. The anticipation for the first day back has never been greater. As a building administrator my goals are simple in nature but intricate in delivery. It will take effort and fortitude to see these through. There will be a sense of urgency that I welcome.
My goals are:
- I will surround myself with educators that are motivated, inspired, passionate and dedicated to make a child's learning experience like no other.*
- *When I come across educators that are not of this mindset, I will work with them and assist them get to that "place". To guide, nurture and instill a sense of purpose so that they can get to where each day is better then the one before.
- I will empower my teachers and colleagues to be leaders themselves, both in the classroom and beyond their own walls. We will embrace the belief that the smartest person in the room does not, and should not, be ourselves.
- I want my community to grow. Not by numbers necessarily but by their investment in each others learning. Parents need to be a part of the journey and our community needs to be inspired by what our students are learning each day.
- I want to listen and therefore learn. I will lead in a way that is personal to each teacher and to each student. Creating that path of personalization is key to a child's, and a teachers, success. We will work collectively to get there. | <urn:uuid:2f5c51ad-4ca3-4fc2-86f2-a3ca50243bb8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.fueling-education.com/2014/08/off-and-running-goals-for-2014.html?showComment=1408129153024 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.976416 | 730 | 1.617188 | 2 |
- 1 What were fireworks originally used for?
- 2 Why did the Chinese make fireworks?
- 3 Why do we use fireworks to celebrate?
- 4 What do fireworks symbolize?
- 5 How did fireworks change the world?
- 6 Which country uses the most fireworks?
- 7 Are fireworks from China?
- 8 Did Chinese people invent fireworks?
- 9 Did the Chinese invent gunpowder?
- 10 How are fireworks created?
- 11 Why are fireworks so popular?
- 12 Why does America celebrate the 4th of July?
- 13 Why do we set off fireworks on the Fourth of July?
- 14 Why did I dream about fireworks?
- 15 What does July 4th symbolize?
What were fireworks originally used for?
It is believed that the first natural “firecrackers” were bamboo stalks that when thrown in a fire, would explode with a bang because of the overheating of the hollow air pockets in the bamboo. The Chinese believed these natural “firecrackers” would ward off evil spirits.
Why did the Chinese make fireworks?
Fireworks were invented in China in the 7th century to scare away evil spirits. On a further note, Chinese people believed that fireworks could expel evil spirits, as well as to bring about good fortune and happiness.
Why do we use fireworks to celebrate?
Fireworks have been part and parcel of U.S. Independence Day, the anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence, since its first celebration in July 1777.
What do fireworks symbolize?
Fireworks are the sign of happiness, celebration and news of wealth. Fireworks dreams are related to happiness and celebrations. however they also come with signs of negativity. The fireworks in the sky give temporary happiness and after a few minutes, bring the sky back to the darkness.
How did fireworks change the world?
Changed the Way We Fight
Unfortunately, fireworks have also been part of the darker changes in the world. While fireworks were thought to keep away evil sprits, people also understood their ability to scare and injure other people. The early firecrackers were therefore also used for warfare.
Which country uses the most fireworks?
The United States imports most of its fireworks from China, which accounted for nearly 96% of all fireworks imports last year.
Where Do Americans Really Get Their Fireworks From?
|Country||Value of imported fireworks|
Are fireworks from China?
Fireworks were originally invented in China. China is the largest manufacturer and exporter of fireworks in the world. Modern colored fireworks were invented in Europe in the 1830s. Modern skyrocket fireworks have been made since the early 20th century.
Did Chinese people invent fireworks?
Around 200 BC, the Chinese unintentionally invented firecrackers by tossing bamboo into fire, but it took another thousand years before true fireworks came alive. As the story goes, around 800 AD, an alchemist mixed sulfur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate (a food preservative) hoping to find the secret to eternal life.
Did the Chinese invent gunpowder?
Gunpowder was invented in 9th-century China as one of the Four Great Inventions, and spread throughout most parts of Eurasia by the end of the 13th century. Originally developed by the Taoists for medicinal purposes, gunpowder was first used for warfare around 904 AD.
How are fireworks created?
Firecrackers are rolled paper tubes filled with black powder (also called gunpowder). They might also be filled with flash paper and a fuse. When you light the fuse of a firecracker, the fire burns along the fuse. Eventually, it reaches the powder.
Why are fireworks so popular?
Fireworks scare us—that’s why we love them. Our brains enjoy fear, but only in small, controlled doses. Daniel Glaser, a neuroscientist and the director of Science Gallery London at King’s College in the United Kingdom, says the reason we like fireworks so much is because they scare us.
Why does America celebrate the 4th of July?
The Fourth of July celebrates the passage of the Declaration of Independence by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. The Declaration announced the political separation of the 13 North American colonies from Great Britain.
Why do we set off fireworks on the Fourth of July?
Fireworks—An American Tradition
Pomp and Parade, with Shews, Games, Sports, Guns, Bells, Bonfires and Illuminations from one End of this Continent to the other from this Time forever more. It is also said, that fireworks displays were used as morale boosters for soldiers in the Revolutionary War.
Why did I dream about fireworks?
Seeing fireworks means you could have some troubles in your social or working life. However, fireworks are an omen of enthusiasm, creativity and talent. Also, your dream could indicate that you are manifesting yourself and you are putting up a show. Alternatively, fireworks represent the release of repressed feelings.
What does July 4th symbolize?
We celebrate American Independence Day on the Fourth of July every year. We think of July 4, 1776, as a day that represents the Declaration of Independence and the birth of the United States of America as an independent nation. Or the date it was signed (that was August 2, 1776). | <urn:uuid:3834f215-ca0e-428e-9944-e837251c646d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://caagesf.org/faq/quick-answer-why-were-fireworks-invented.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.96055 | 1,145 | 2.75 | 3 |
Last week, Iran's Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organisation (ICHTO) celebrated Bisotun's registration as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Coincidentally, in their travel section, AOL are running an article on the most visited World Heritage sites, in which they include Mount Perdu on the Franco-Spanish border, the Iguazu Falls on the Argentina-Brazil border, and Waterton Glacier Park on the US-Canadian border. However, the theme of borders does not extend to our own dear Antonine Wall!
Back at Bisotun, the Iranian people evidently have a keen sense of history. The director of the ICHTO Archaeology Research Centre hoped that the celebration "teaches the Iranian children the importance of their cultural heritage and how to preserve it".
Perhaps we can learn a lesson there? | <urn:uuid:d97950bb-0898-44a7-9118-5b6963a5a031> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://antoninuspius.blogspot.com/2006_11_01_archive.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00222-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92032 | 166 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Learn Great Lakes Seaway Trail Maritime History at Blue Byway SeminarPosted on Aug 22, 2013
Oswego, NY/Great Lakes Seaway Trail – War of 1812 and Revolutionary War shipwrecks, rum runners, a National Weather Service forensic meteorologist, and the new Great Lakes-wide Boaters Forecast are all on the October 5 Great Lakes Seaway Trail Blue Byway Seminar agenda at SUNY Oswego, Oswego, NY.
Presenters at the 9:00am-1:00pm program co-sponsored by the Great Lakes Seaway Trail and New York Sea Grant include:
· Christopher Nicholson, who designed, built and piloted the RPV (remotely-piloted vehicle) for the National Geographic Society film of the schooners Hamilton and Scourge that sank in Lake Ontario during the War of 1812. Nicholson, President of Deep Sea Systems International, Cataumet, MA, has provided technical assistance and engineering services for the exploration of the WWII battleship Arizona, the H.M.S. Breadalbane, and famed freighter Edmund Fitzgerald.
· National Weather Service Forecaster and forensic meteorologist Robert Hamilton speaking on historic weather conditions on Lake Ontario that influenced the wreck of the 22-gun British warship HMS Ontario during the Revolutionary War.
· New York Sea Grant Coastal Recreation and Tourism Specialist Dave White will provide an update on the Great Lakes Observing System Boaters Forecasting tool that is now available throughout the Great Lakes region
· A guest describing Two Tank Tips for great diving destinations on the Great Lakes Seaway Trail, and
· A speaker on Prohibition-era rum running.
The October 5 Great Lakes Seaway Trail Blue Byway Seminar is part of the Great Lakes Seaway Trail Underwater Series of maritime heritage and history programs.
The Great Lakes Seaway Trail is a 518-mile National Scenic Byway that offers unique land and water travel opportunities along Lake Erie, the Niagara River, Lake Ontario, and the St. Lawrence River. Learn more at www.seawaytrail.com. | <urn:uuid:312251aa-9426-4480-99d3-274b7a8b4698> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://visitoswegocounty.com/learn-great-lakes-seaway-trail-maritime-history-at-blue-byway-seminar/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00098-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.877391 | 429 | 2.1875 | 2 |
The word “authority” is often thrown around pejoratively, but have we thought much about the term’s meaning? In many ways, Christianity is an “authoritarian” religion, where authority ultimately resides outside of and above the individual. Indeed, on careful examination, the Bible delineates several authority structures within which the Christian life is lived. For our purposes, we can define “authority” as a relationship between persons where one party has obligations to the other. Authority involves obligation or oughtness, namely, that the one under authority must in some sense obey the one in authority.
Perhaps this is most immediately clear in the relationship between a child and their parent. A child ought to obey their parents, and there are, in most cases, consequences for a child’s disobedience. In this case, the parent is in a position of authority over the child. This authority derives from God, and he takes the responsibilities of a child to their parent very seriously (cf. Exod 20:12; Eph 6:1-4). Now, there are clearly degrees of authority, the highest of which is absolute authority, meaning unrestricted oughtness or obligation. Only God possesses absolute authority; thus, all other authorities have restricted and derivative authority. Their authority is limited because humans are ultimately obligated to God, so no earthly authority can posture itself over against God’s authority: it is only authoritative in as much as it is in line with God’s authority. Thus, their authority is a derivative authority granted, if only for a season, by God himself.
We can picture various relations of authority as “structures.” An authority structure describes a framework within which persons exist in subordinated relationships, implying restrictions on these authoritative relationships. That is, a structure implies both the relationship between the one in authority and their subordinates and between the one in authority and their superior, by whom their authority is restricted. These cases, with explicit subordination and restriction, are “vertical” relationships of authority. However, not all authority is “vertical”; there are situations where a horizontal relationship obtains, where two persons who are each accountable to the same authority are empowered to keep one another accountable in their submission. We may call the vertical relationship “authority” and the horizontal “accountability,” though both are relationships of authority in the above sense. Looking at these authority structures has important implications for the Christian. Notably, as I hope to show, it has significant consequences for thinking about Christian ministry in the Western World. In this article, I want to look at four authority structures described in the New Testament, from which we may draw some implications concerning the training or educating of Christian leaders. Before attending to each one individually, it may be helpful to picture their relationship.
Authority Structures in the New Testament
Structure 1 – All Christians Are Under God’s Authority through the Bible
However we envision authority in the created order, God is on top. To him belongs all authority and power, forever and ever, amen. Scripture is the primary means by which God exercises this authority on earth. However, it is not proper to envision Scripture below God, as if it is under God’s authority. Instead, the Bible presents itself as God’s very words: its authority is God’s authority. Thus, Scripture is over us not as a restricted authority, something under a higher authority, but as the instrument by which God’s absolute authority is exercised over his people. The Scriptures “cannot be broken” (John 10:35; Matt 5:17-18); they are utterly “true” (John 17:17; Ps 19:9). Indeed, they are perfect, right, and pure (Ps 19:7-8). The Scriptures are “God-breathed” (2 Tim 3:16-17), the Lord’s very words: who can call them a liar? In this way, every Christian is equally under the authority of God expressed through the Scriptures.
Structure 2 – All Christians Are Accountable to One Another
Because we are all equally under Scripture’s authority, we are accountable to one another. A king and peasant are equally obligated to God through Scripture, so the latter may call the former to account before Scripture (though this has not always been well received…). Among other places we see this in Scripture, this mutual subordination is expressed in Acts 17:11. Here, we are told that certain Jews commendably checked what they received against Scripture “to see if these things were so.” Elsewhere, false teachers are condemned as such because they teach the things of God falsely: they fall short of the teaching authoritatively expressed in God’s word (1 Tim 5:3-6). Furthermore, an elder, a recognized leader in the local church (a pastor or minister), may be rebuked for his sin, a transgression of God’s will as it is revealed in Scripture. Anyone with sufficient evidence may bring such a charge (1 Tim 5:19-20). The many “one another” statements in Scripture often imply this same horizontal accountability (Rom 15:14; Col 3:16; Heb 3:13).
Structure 3 – All Christians Are Under the Authority of Local Church Leaders
However, the mutual accountability of all Christians to one another is not the whole story. Every Christian who is part of a local church and not an elder (i.e. recognized leader) in the local church is under their elders’ authority. Thus, all Christians are accountable to elders or local church leaders (1 Tim 4:11-13; 5:7; 5:17; 5:20-22; 6:2; 2 Tim 2:14-15, 4:2; Titus 1:9, 11; 2:15; 3:8; 1 Pet 5:1-5). God gives these leaders authority as teachers of Scripture and shepherds. They have God-given authority to teach the truth, censure falsehood, and rebuke sin. The teaching role means that the elder has special jurisdiction to guide God’s people in the right understanding of Scripture (Eph 4:11-14; 1 Tim 1:3-7; 3:2). This implies that Christians should trust their elders unless they have reason to do otherwise. Therefore, Structure 2 gives the Christian authority to hold their leaders to account, not a license for suspicion.
Structure 4 – Those Leaders are Accountable to One Another
Fourth, all elders are mutually accountable to one another. In some churches, this involves greater denominational structures, but I have in mind the local church. The New Testament repeatedly describes elders, in the plural, over churches. These elders oversee mutual discipline (1 Tim 5:20) and are entrusted with appointing their peers (1 Tim 5:22; Titus 1:5). Thus, through their vetting and disciplinary powers, elders wield mutual authority over one another.
From these authority structures, I conclude that no Christian is ever to be outside of accountability and authority. Furthermore, there are multiple layers to a person’s responsibility. Even an elder is accountable to all Christians before Scripture, and he is accountable to his peers regarding their role in the local church.
If this accurately describes the normative picture of the New Testament, three reflections are due. First, no Christian is an island to him or herself. The idea that a Christian is to read the Bible and come to their own conclusions independent of the church (local and universal) is contrary to the authority structures that govern their growth in the Christian life, including their understanding of Scripture.
Second, no minister is above reproach. On the one hand, they are accountable to God and, under God, they are accountable to their brothers and sisters in their handling of Scripture. On the other, they need to be accountable to their peers, so some system (a plurality of elders or denominational checks) must be in place by which this accountability is expressed.
Third, the biggest flaw in our collegiate system may very well be the way it undermines these authorities. This line of thought will take some unpacking.
The Hidden Curriculum of Many Seminaries
Consider a modern seminary and the general atmosphere it fosters; I do not intend what follows is to be taken as pejorative (some of these things are genuinely good). However, the hidden curriculum that emerges when taken as a whole may be more sinister than it first appears. Faculty are often addressed by their first names, and often build a successful rapport with their students, engaging in extracurricular activities and sharing a coffee. This coheres with the most influential pedagogical methods in modern education, which posture the teacher as a co-learner, examining the evidence alongside his or her students. (See for example To Know as We Are Known, by Parker Palmer.) Through readings, writing assignments, and discussion, students are encouraged to arrive at their own conclusions, engage the data critically, and go where it leads. To pursue such education, students are usually required to travel some distance and so enter a new church environment. Some schools encourage their students to serve at multiple churches during their education. In addition, many students get internship-like positions in churches, where they are part of the leadership team and learn skills for church leadership.
There are reasons for all of this, and many are very good. However, when looked at from the perspective of NT authority structures, the primary structures in which a seminary student finds themselves are horizontal. Moreover, these may be best described as malformed structures. That is, the primary accountability a student has in their Christian maturation is peer-oriented: they are accountable to their teachers and fellow students in the college setting. In an internship, they are accountable as peers with their fellow leaders. I describe these relationships as “malformed” because they are artificially separated from the regular church life and the ideal circumstances for accountability. These relationships, occurring at the most formative point in a Christian leader’s life, are fresh, without the depth of life lived together. Furthermore, they are, for the most part, short-lived. These relationships are not regularly built within the context of the local church’s inward and outward focus but within the artificial constraints of the college atmosphere. Lastly, many of their student peers will be at a similar maturity level, without the variety in experience and faith found in the local church. What is missing is the elder’s vertical authority structure over the parishioner, in which the former wields authority over the latter to see them grow spiritually and in their knowledge of Scripture.
Thus, the hidden curriculum regarding authority structures is that the learner is at the top of the pecking order, so far as human oversight goes. Pair this with two other factors in contemporary Christian education, and the result may very well be devastating. First, most of our students are raised in a generally anti-authoritarian culture, where age does not equal wisdom and where everybody is on an equal playing field, with a right to be heard. Indeed, the dominant force in the practical epistemology of the Western person is “emotivism,” the dominance of desire. (Cf. After Virtue, Alasdair MacIntyre.) Second, our teaching hardly supports our claims to Biblical clarity and sufficiency. Students are shown a vast range of data (itself ambiguous) necessary to interpret Scripture and are exposed to dozens of differing opinions from intelligent sources. Given the questions concerning the appropriate method and the complexities of actually employing that method, let alone moving from a right understanding of Scripture to the right application, it almost appears that the Bible has become our peer. It does not appear to be over us but beside us as we dialogue with it and dozens of other sources to arrive at a true or liveable position. (cf. The Gift of Knowing; The Gift of Reading – Part 1 & Part 2.)
In these ways, the classroom’s hidden curriculum, its explicit curriculum, and the culture merge on the very same point. The only verbal authority structure that exists is horizontal. Indeed, it is ultimately up to us to weigh the opinions and perspectives of our teachers, peers, pastors, and sources in order to figure out what we believe and how we will do ministry. Is it a wonder that we have so many pastors falling away for moral failings or that we witness the assimilation of our cultures radical, individual autonomy into the functioning paradigms of our ministers? If this analysis is correct, then our teaching methods are reinforcing the very crisis at the heart of western civilization, the lack of authority (see further, The Gift of Knowing). No simple solution presents itself, but it would seem that we need to rethink our education strategies to preserve vertical authority within the local church and our curriculum to maintain the Bible’s vertical authority.
This article is part of the Training Initiative, read more here or find related posts here. | <urn:uuid:5d709c76-afb8-4742-a3c6-a523ec396721> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.teleioteti.ca/2021/04/14/authority-structures-and-biblical-education/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.95843 | 2,700 | 2.84375 | 3 |
US District Judge Lucy Koh has ruled that a class-action lawsuit against Google’s Incognito tracking policies can go forward, Bloomberg reports. The lawsuit contends that Chrome’s private browsing “Incognito” mode should also stop Google’s server-side tracking and that Google’s failure to cease such tracking violates federal wiretap laws. The lawsuit seeks at least $5 billion, or $5,000 per violation for “likely” millions of users.
Google attempted to get the lawsuit thrown out on the basis of Chrome’s Incognito explainer, a message that shows every time you start up Incognito mode and explains that “your activity might still be visible to websites you visit.”
That was not enough for the judge, however. “The court concludes that Google did not notify users that Google engages in the alleged data collection while the user is in private browsing mode,” Judge Koh wrote.
Here’s the crux of the lawsuit:
Google promises consumers that they can “browse the web privately” and stay in “control of what information [users] share with Google.” To prevent information from being shared with Google, Google recommends that its consumers need only launch a browser such as Google Chrome, Safari, Microsoft Edge, or Firefox in “private browsing mode.” Both statements are untrue. When users undertake either—or both—of the aforementioned steps, Google continues to track, collect, and identify their browsing data in real time, in contravention of federal and state laws on wiretapping and in violation of consumers’ rights to privacy.
“We strongly dispute these claims and we will defend ourselves vigorously against them,” a Google spokesperson told Bloomberg after the ruling. “Incognito mode in Chrome gives you the choice to browse the Internet without your activity being saved to your browser or device. As we clearly state each time you open a new Incognito tab, websites might be able to collect information about your browsing activity during your session.”
Incognito mode doesn’t use your existing cookie store and, at the end of the session, dumps any cookies, history, and autofill data that were generated—that’s it. It doesn’t change the way websites work. If the message on the Incognito “new tab” page isn’t enough for you, it also links to a “learn more” page that graphically spells out the details in several paragraphs. Whether that’s enough for Google to dodge this lawsuit is something the company will have to hash out in court. | <urn:uuid:14819c54-e2d8-4734-b3b1-1ea52010c707> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ioijournal.com/judge-rules-5-billion-google-chrome-incognito-mode-lawsuit-can-go-forward/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.923338 | 555 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Connecticut Land and Property
Later deeds, mortgages, releases, and other related documents were recorded by the town clerk and are at the town halls. Most are indexed by grantor and grantee. There is no statewide index.
The Family History Library and the Connecticut State Library have microfilm copies of many proprietors' and town records from the earliest years to the mid or late 1800s. Some are as recent as the 1900s. They are listed in the Family History Library Catalog under the name of the town.
Early Land Records
Four small collections of early records are:
- Judd, Sylvester, comp.,Judd Manuscripts (Connecticut). Includes land, vital and town records, 1635 to 1850 with an index. (Microfilm of manuscript at Forbes Public Library, Northampton, Hampshire County, Massachusetts. Filmed by the Genealogical Society of Utah, 1960.) FHL films 234515 to 234517 with index on film 250287.
- Colonial Land Records of Connecticut, 1640-1846, Including Patents, Deeds, and Surveys of Land, Includes a partial index. (Microfilm of originals at the Connecticut State Library in Hartford, Connecticut. Filmed by the Genealogical Society of Utah, 1954.) FHL films 3656 to 3658.
- Judd, Sylvester and Connecticut State Library. Land Lotteries and Divorces of Connecticut, 1755 to 1789, with Index. (Microfilm of originals at the Connecticut State Library in Hartford, Connecticut. Filmed by the Genealogical Society of Utah, 1954.) FHL films 3617 and 3618.
- Winthrop, Robert C. Robert C. Winthrop Collection, Connecticut Manuscripts, 1631-1794. (Microfilm of originals at the Connecticut State Library in Hartford, Connecticut. Filmed by the Genealogical Society of Utah, 1954.) FHL film 3644.
Land Records, Early to Current
In Connecticut, land records have always been kept by the town clerks at the town halls. The Connecticut State Library and the Family History Library have films for most towns to about 1900. Search their records for the records of towns.
The State of Connecticut web site has addresses and other information about the towns and cities in Connecticut.
- Connecticut State Archives has a Research Guide to Connecticut Land Records
- Connecticut State Library, Connecticut Patents Project, (accessed 28 Feb 2011). The current database of Connecticut patents ranges from 1800 through 1890.
- Connecticuct Land Records and Deeds Directory, by Online Searches, (accessed 11/16/2010) has addresses, phone numbers, etc. for the town offices with land records. | <urn:uuid:cb2c171c-caf0-4afe-aceb-54f7cbfe12ef> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/index.php?title=Connecticut_Land_and_Property&oldid=741191 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00251-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.900459 | 557 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Friday, November 12, 2010
As I have noted in past comments, I have been deeply studying the Church Fathers since the early 1980s. It did not take long for me to notice that the concept of deification (Gr. theosis—i.e. man becoming God), was a prominent theological theme found in many of the Church Fathers. The following list of selections from the Church Fathers on deification is from my ever expanding file on the subject—I am letting the Fathers speak for themselves without commentary.
ANF - The Ante-Nicene Fathers, 1979 Eerdmans reprint
NPNF - The Nicene, and Post-Nicene Fathers, (first and second series), 1979 Eerdmans reprint
DEIFICATION IN THE CHURCH FATHERS - compiled by David Waltz (last update 01-19-09)
Ignatius - To the Ephesians 4.2 It is therefore good for you to be in perfect unity, that you may at all times be partakers (μετεχητε) of God. (Fathers of the Church - The Apostolic Fathers, vol. 1, p. 89.)
Justin - 1st Ap. 22 And we have learned that those only are deified who have lived near to God in holiness and virtue. (ANF 1.170).
Justin - Dial. 124 ...thereby it is demonstrated that all men are deemed worthy of becoming "gods", and of having power to become sons of the Highest. (ANF 1.262).
Justin - Discourse To The Greeks 5 The Word exercises an influence which does not make poets: it does not equip philosophers nor skilled orators, but by its instruction it makes mortals immortal, mortals god. (ANF 1.272)
Irenaeus - Adv. Her. 3.6.1 “God stood in the in the congregation of the gods, He judges among the gods.” He [here] refers to the Father and the Son, and those who have received the adoption; but these are the Church. (ANF 1.419).
Irenaeus - Adv. Her. 3.18.7 Therefore, as I have already said, He caused man (human nature) to cleave to and to become, one with God. For unless man had overcome the enemy of man, the enemy would not have been legitimately vanquished. And again: unless it had been God who had freely given salvation, we could never have possessed it securely. And unless man had been joined to God, he could never have become a partaker of incorruptibility. For it was incumbent upon the Mediator between God and men, by His relationship to both, to bring both to friendship and concord, and present man to God, while He revealed God to man. For, in what way could we be partakers of the adoption of sons, unless we had received from Him through the Son that fellowship which refers to Himself, unless His Word, having been made flesh, had entered into communion with us? Wherefore also He passed through every stage of life, restoring to all communion with God. (ANF 1.448)
Irenaeus - Adv. Her. 3.19.1 To whom the Word says, mentioning His own gift of grace: “I said, Ye are all the sons of the Highest, and gods; but ye shall die like men.” He speaks undoubtedly these words to those who have not received the gift of adoption, but who despise the incarnation of the pure generation of the Word of God, defraud human nature of promotion into God, and prove themselves ungrateful to the Word of God, who became flesh for them. For it was for this end that the Word of God was made man, and He who was the Son of God became the Son of man, that man, having been taken into the Word, and receiving the adoption, might become the son of God. For by no other means could we have attained to incorruptibility and immortality, unless we had been united to incorruptibility and immortality. (ANF 1.448). [See also 3.6.1]
Irenaeus - Adv. Her. 4.Pref. - 4.1.1 ...there is none other called God by the Scriptures except the Father of all, and the Son, and those who possess the adoption. Since, therefore, this is sure and steadfast, that no other God or Lord was announced by the Spirit, except Him who, as God, rules over all, together with His Word, and those who receive the Spirit of adoption, that is, those who believe in the one and true God, and in Jesus Christ the Son of God. (ANF 1.463).
Irenaeus - Adv. Her. 4.33.4 ...how can they be saved unless it was God who wrought out their salvation upon earth? Or how shall man pass into God, unless God has [first] passed into man? (ANF 1.507).
Irenaeus - Adv. 4.20.4 Now this is His Word, our Lord Jesus Christ, who in the last times was made a man among men, that He might join the end to the beginning, that is, man to God. (ANF 1.488).
Irenaeus - Adv. 4.20.5, 6a These things did the prophets set forth in a prophetical manner; but they did not, as some allege, [proclaim] that He who was seen by the prophets was a different [God], the Father of all being invisible. Yet this is what those [heretics] declare, who are altogether ignorant of the nature of prophecy. For prophecy is a prediction of things future, that is, a setting forth beforehand of those things which shall be afterwards. The prophets, then, indicated beforehand that God should be seen by men; as the Lord also says, “Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God.” But in respect to His greatness, and His wonderful glory, “no man shall see God and live,” for the Father is incomprehensible; but in regard to His love, and kindness, and as to His infinite power, even this He grants to those who love Him, that is, to see God, which thing the prophets did also predict. “For those things that are impossible with men, are possible with God.” For man does not see God by his own powers; but when He pleases He is seen by men, by whom He wills, and when He wills, and as He wills. For God is powerful in all things, having been seen at that time indeed, prophetically through the Spirit, and seen, too, adoptively through the Son; and He shall also be seen paternally in the kingdom of heaven, the Spirit truly preparing man in the Son of God, and the Son leading him to the Father, while the Father, too, confers [upon him] incorruption for eternal life, which comes to every one from the fact of his seeing God. For as those who see the light are within the light, and partake of its brilliancy; even so, those who see God are in God, and receive of His splendor. But [His] splendor vivifies them; those, therefore, who see God, do receive life. And for this reason, He, [although] beyond comprehension, and boundless and invisible, rendered Himself visible, and comprehensible, and within the capacity of those who believe, that He might vivify those who receive and behold Him through faith. For as His greatness is past finding out, so also His goodness is beyond expression; by which having been seen, He bestows life upon those who see Him. It is not possible to live apart from life, and the means of life is found in fellowship with God; but fellowship with God is to know God, and to enjoy His goodness.
Men therefore shall see God, that they may live, being made immortal by that sight, and attaining even unto God; which, as I have already said, was declared figuratively by the prophets, that God should be seen by men who bear His Spirit [in them], and do always wait patiently for His coming. (ANF 1.488, 489.)
Irenaeus - Adv. Her. 4.24.2 ...and that His Word, invisible by nature, was made palpable and visible among men, and did descend “to death, even the death of the cross;” also, that they who believe in Him shall be incorruptible and not subject to suffering (Latin: impassiblies – impassible), and shall receive the kingdom of heaven. (ANF 1.495)
Irenaeus - Adv. Her. 4.38.3-4 His wisdom [is shown] in His having made created things parts of one harmonious and consistent whole; and those things which, through His super-eminent kindness, receive growth and a long period of existence, do reflect the glory of the uncreated One, of that God who bestows what is good ungrudgingly. For from the very fact of these things having been created, [it follows] that they are not uncreated; but by their continuing in being throughout a long course of ages, they shall receive a faculty of the Uncreated, through the gratuitous bestowal of eternal existence upon them by God. ...man, a created and organized being, is rendered after the image and likeness of the uncreated God... we have not been made gods from the beginning, but at first merely men, then at length gods...He shall overcome the substance of created nature. For it was necessary, at first, that nature should be exhibited; then, after that, that what was mortal should be conquered and swallowed up by immortality, and the corruptible by incorruptibility, and that man should be made after the image and likeness of God, having received the knowledge of good and evil. (ANF 1.521-522).
Irenaeus - Adv. Her. 4.39.2 How, then, shall he be a God, who has not as yet been made a man? Or how can he be perfect who was but lately created? How, again can he be immortal, who in his mortal nature did not obey his Maker? For it must be that thou, at the outset, shouldest hold the rank of a man, and then afterwards partake of the glory of God. (ANF 1.522-523).
Irenaeus - Adv. Her. 5.Pref ...the Word of God, our Lord Jesus Christ, who did, through His transcendent love, become what we are, that He might bring us to be even what He is Himself. (ANF 1.526).
Irenaeus - Adv. Her. 5.1.1 Since the Lord thus has redeemed us through His own blood, giving His soul for our souls, and His flesh for our flesh, and has also poured out the Spirit of the Father for the union and communion of God and man, imparting indeed God to men by means of the Spirit, and, on the other hand, attaching man to God by His own incarnation, and bestowing upon us at His coming immortality durably and truly, by means of communion with God...(ANF 1.527). [see also 5.36.3]
Irenaeus – Adv. Her. 5.6.1 Now God shall be glorified in His handiwork, fitting it so as to be conformable to, and modeled after, His own Son. For by the hands of the Father, that is, by the Son and the Holy Spirit, man, and not [merely] a part of man, was made in the likeness of God. Now the soul and the spirit are certainly a part of the man, but certainly not the man; for the perfect man consists in the commingling and the union of the soul receiving the spirit of the Father, and the admixture of that fleshly nature which was molded after the image of God. For this reason does the apostle declare, “We speak wisdom among them that are perfect,” terming those persons “perfect” who have received the Spirit of God, and who through the Spirit of God do speak in all languages, as he used Himself also to speak. In like manner we do also hear many brethren in the Church, who possess prophetic gifts, and who through the Spirit speak all kinds of languages, and bring to light for the general benefit the hidden things of men, and declare the mysteries of God, whom also the apostle terms “spiritual,” they being spiritual because they partake of the Spirit, and not because their flesh has been stripped off and taken away, and because they have become purely spiritual. For if any one take away the substance of flesh, that is, of the handiwork [of God], and understand that which is purely spiritual, such then would not be a spiritual man but would be the spirit of a man, or the Spirit of God. But when the spirit here blended with the soul is united to [God’s] handiwork, the man is rendered spiritual and perfect because of the outpouring of the Spirit, and this is he who was made in the image and likeness of God. (ANF 1.531)
Irenaeus – Adv. Her. 5.32.1 Inasmuch, therefore, as the opinions of certain [orthodox persons] are derived from heretical discourses, they are both ignorant of God’s dispensations, and of the mystery of the resurrection of the just, and of the [earthly] kingdom which is the commencement of incorruption, by means of which kingdom those who shall be worthy are accustomed gradually to partake of the divine nature (capere Deum)…(ANF 1.561)
Theophilus - To Autolycus 27 Was man made by nature mortal? Certainly not. Was he, then, immortal? Neither do we affirm this. ...He was by nature neither mortal nor immortal. For if He had made him immortal from the beginning, He would have made him God. ... keeping the commandment of God, he should receive as a reward from Him immortality, and should become God. (ANF 2.105).
Tertullian - Adv. Hermogenes 5 Well, then, you say, we ourselves possess nothing of God. But indeed we do, and shall continue to do—only it is from Him that we receive it, and not from ourselves. For we shall be even gods, if we shall deserve to be among those of whom He declared, "I have said, Ye are gods," and "God standeth in the congregation of the gods." But this comes of His own grace, not from any property in us, because it is He alone who can make gods. (ANF 3.480).
Tertullian - Adv. Marcion Book II.25 Now, although Adam was by reason of his condition under law subject to death, yet was hope preserved to him by the Lord's saying, "Behold, Adam is become as one of us;" that is, in consequence of the future taking of the man into the divine nature [hominis in divinitatem].(ANF 3.317).
Tertullian - Adv. Hermogenes 5 Well, then, you say, we ourselves at that rate possess nothing of God. But indeed we do, and shall continue to do—only it is from Him that we receive it, and not from ourselves. For we shall be even gods, if we shall deserve to be among those of whom He declared, “I have said, Ye are gods,” and “God standeth in the congregation of the gods.” But this comes of His own grace, not from any property in us, because it is He alone who can make gods. (ANF 3.480).
Clement of Alexandria - Exhortation 1 ...the Word of God became man, that thou mayest learn from man how man may become God. (ANF 2.174).
Clement of Alexandria - Exhortation 11 But since Thou leadest me to the light, O Lord, and I find God through Thee, and receive the Father from Thee, I become “Thy fellow-heir,” since Thou “wert not ashamed of me as Thy brother.” Let us put away, then, let us put away oblivion of the truth, viz., ignorance; and removing the darkness which obstructs, as dimness of sight, let us contemplate the only true God, first raising our voice in this hymn of praise: Hail, O light! For in us, buried in darkness, shut up in the shadow of death, light has shone forth from heaven, purer than the sun, sweeter than life here below. That light is eternal life; and whatever partakes of it lives. But night fears the light, and hiding itself in terror, gives place to the day of the Lord. Sleepless light is now over all, and the west has given credence to the east. For this was the end of the new creation. For “the Sun of Righteousness,” who drives His chariot over all, pervades equally all humanity, like “His Father, who makes His sun to rise on all men,” and distills on them the dew of the truth. He hath changed sunset into sunrise, and through the cross brought death to life; and having wrenched man from destruction, He hath raised him to the skies, transplanting mortality into immortality, and translating earth to heaven… having bestowed on us the truly great, divine, and inalienable inheritance of the Father, deifying man by heavenly teaching, putting His laws into our minds, and writing them on our hearts. (ANF 2.203)
Clement of Alexandria - Exhortation 12 For I want, I want to impart to you this grace, bestowing on you the perfect boon of immortality; and I confer on you both the Word and the knowledge of God, My complete self. This am I, this God wills, this is symphony, this the harmony of the Father, this is the Son, this is Christ, this the Word of God, the arm of the Lord, the power of the universe, the will of the Father; of which things there were images of old, but not all adequate. I desire to restore you according to the original model, that ye may become also like Me. I anoint you with the ungent of faith, by which you throw off corruption, and show you the naked form of righteousness by which you ascend to God… And if what belongs to friends be reckoned common property, and man be the friend of God — for through the mediation of the Word has he been made the friend of God — then accordingly all things become man’s, because all things are God’s, and the common property of both the friends, God and man.
It is time, then, for us to say that the pious Christian alone is rich and wise, and of noble birth, and thus call and believe him to be God’s image, and also His likeness, having become righteous and holy and wise by Jesus Christ, and so far already like God. Accordingly this grace is indicated by the prophet, when he says, “I said that ye are gods, and all sons of the Highest.” For us, yea us, He has adopted, and wishes to be called the Father of us alone, not of the unbelieving. Such is then our position who are the attendants of Christ. (ANF 2.205, 206)
Clement of Alexandria - The Instructor 3.1 It is then, as appears, the greatest of al lessons to know one's self. For if one know himself, he will know God; and knowing God, he will be made like God...But that man with whom the Word dwells does not alter himself, does not get himself up: he has the form which is of the Word; he is made like to God...and that man becomes God, since God so wills. Heraclitus, then, rightly said, "Men are gods, and gods are men." (ANF 2.271).
Clement of Alexandria - Strom. 4.23 On this wise it is possible for the [true] Gnostic already to have become God. “I said, Ye are gods, and sons of the highest.” (ANF 2.437).
Clement of Alexandria - Strom. 6.14 By thus receiving the Lord's power, the soul studies to be God; ...To the likeness of God, then, he that is introduced into adoption and the friendship of God, to the just inheritance of the lords and gods is brought; if he be perfected, according to the Gospel, as the Lord himself taught. (ANF 2.506).
Clement of Alexandria - Strom. 7.10 ...they are called by the appellation of gods, being destined to sit on thrones with the other gods that have been first put in their places by the Saviour. (ANF 2.539).
Clement of Alexandria - Strom. 7.13 What, then, shall we say of the [true] Gnostic himself? “Know ye not”, says the apostle, “that ye are the temple of God?” The [true] Gnostic is consequently divine, and already holy, God-bearing and God-borne. (ANF 2.547).
Clement of Alexandria - Strom. 7.16 But he who has returned from this deception, on hearing the Scriptures, and turned his life to the truth, is, as it were, from being a man made a god. (ANF 2.551)
Hippolytus - Refutation of All Heresies 5.29 The Creator did not wish to make him a god, and failed in His aim; nor an angel,—but a man. For if He had willed to make thee a god, He could have done so. Thou hast the example of the Logos. His will, however, was, that you should be a man, and He has made thee a man. But if thou art desirous of also becoming a god, obey Him that has created thee. (ANF 5.151).
Hippolytus - Refutation of All Heresies 5.30 And thou shalt be a companion of the Deity, and a co-heir with Christ, no longer enslaved by lusts or passions, and never again wasted by disease. For thou hast become God: for whatever sufferings thou didst undergo while being a man, these He gave to thee, because thou wast of mortal mould, but whatever it is consistent with God to impart, these God has promised to bestow upon thee, because thou hast been deified, and begotten unto immortality. ...For the Deity, (by condescension,) does not diminish aught of the dignity of His divine perfection; having made thee even God unto His glory! (ANF 5.153).
Hippolytus - Discourse on the Holy Theophany 8 If, therefore, man has become immortal, he will also be God. And if he is made God by water and the Holy Spirit after the regeneration of the laver he is found to be also joint-heir with Christ after the resurrection from the dead. (ANF 5.236).
Novatian – Treatise on the Trinity 15 But immortality is the associate of divinity, because both the divinity is immortal, and immortality is the fruit of divinity. For every man is mortal; and immortality cannot be from that which is mortal. Therefore from Christ, as a mortal man, immortality cannot arise. “But,” says He, “whosoever keepeth my word, shall not see death for ever;” therefore the word of Christ affords immortality, and by immortality affords divinity. But although it is not possible to maintain that one who is himself mortal can make another immortal, yet this word of Christ not only sets forth, but affords immortality: certainly He is not man only who gives immortality, which if He were only man He could not give; but by giving divinity by immortality, He proves Himself to be God by offering divinity, which if He were not God He could not give. (ANF 5.624)
Origen - Comm. on John 2.2,3 ...the Savior says in His prayer to the Father, "That they may know Thee the only true God;" but that all beyond the Very God is made God by participation in His divinity...And thus the first-born of all creation, who is the first to be with God, and to attract to Himself divinity, is a being of more exalted rank than the other gods beside Him, of whom God is the God, as it is written, "The God of gods, the Lord, hath spoken and called the earth." It was by the offices of the first-born that they became gods, for He drew from God in generous measure that they should be made gods, and He communicated it to them according to His own bounty. The true God, then, is "The God", and those who are formed after Him are gods, images, as it were of Him the prototype. ...Now it is possible that some may dislike what we have said representing the Father as the one true God, but admitting other beings besides the true God, who have become gods by having a share of God. They may fear that the glory of Him who surpasses all creation may be lowered to the level of those other beings called gods. We drew this distinction between Him and them that we showed God the Word to be to all the other gods the minister of their divinity. (ANF 10.323).
Origen - De Principiis 4.1.36 Every one who participates in anything, is unquestionably of one essence and nature with him who is partaker of the same thing...the nature of Father, and Son, and Holy Spirit, of whose intellectual light alone all created things have a share, is incorruptible and eternal, it is altogether consistent and necessary that every substance which partakes of that eternal nature should last for ever, and be incorruptible and eternal, so that the eternity of divine goodness may be understood also in this respect, that they who obtain its benefits are also eternal.(ANF 4.381) [see also Origen - De Principiis 3.6.1,3 (ANF 4.344-345]
Origen - De Principiis 4.1.32 As now by participation in the Son of God one is adopted as a son, and by participating in that wisdom which is in God is rendered wise, so also by participation in the Holy Spirit is a man rendered holy and spiritual. For it is one and the same thing to have a share in the Holy Spirit, which is (the Spirit) of te Father and the Son, since the nature of the Trinity is one and incorporeal. And what we have said regarding the participation of the soul is to be understood of angels and heavenly powers in a similar way as of souls, because every rational creature needs a participation in the Trinity. (ANF 4.379).
Origen - Against Celsus 3.28 ...they see that from Him [Christ] there began the union of the divine with the human nature, in order that the human, by communion with the divine, might rise to be divine, not in Jesus alone, but in all those who not only believe, but enter upon the life which Jesus taught, and which elevates to friendship with God and communion with Him every one who lives according to the precepts of Jesus. (ANF 4.475).
Cyprian - Treatise 6.11 Therefore of this mercy and grace the Word and Son of God is sent as the dispenser and master, who by all the prophets of old was announced as the enlightener and teacher of the human race. He is the power of God,He is the reason, He is His wisdom and glory; He enters into a virgin; with the co-operation of the Holy Spirit, He is endued with flesh; God is mingled with man. This is our God, this is Christ, who, as the mediator of the two, puts on man that He may lead them to the Father. What man is, Christ was willing to be, that man may be what Christ is. (ANF 5.468).
Methodius - On the Passion of Christ 2 For the Word suffered, being in the flesh affixed to the cross, that He might bring man, who had been deceived by error, to His supreme and godlike majesty. (ANF 6.400).
Lactantius - The Divine Institutes 2.9 He produced a Spirit like to Himself, who might be endowed with the perfections of God the Father. ...Then He made another being, in whom the disposition of the divine origin did not remain. ...For he envied his predecessor, who through his steadfastness is acceptable and dear to God the Father. This being,, who from good became evil by his own act, is called by the Greeks diabolus: we call him accuser, because he reports to God the faults to which he himself entices us. God, therefore, when He began the fabric of the world, set over the whole work that first and greatest Son, and used Him at the same time as a counsellor and artificer, in planning, arranging, and accomplishing, since He is complete both in knowledge, and judgement, and power. (ANF 7.52-53).
Lactantius - The Divine Institutes 6.23 If anyone can incline toward this and strive after it, the Lord will own him as a servant, the Master will acknowledge this man as His disciple. The man will triumph over the earth. He will be exactly similar to God (hic erit consimilis Deo) who has embraced the virtue of God. (ANF 7.190).
Athanasius - De Incarnation 54 For He was made man that we might be made God. (NPNF, second series, 4.65).
Athanasius - Defence of the Nicene Definition 3.14 ...the Word was made flesh in order to offer up this body for all, and that we, partaking of His Spirit, might be deified, a gift which we could not otherwise have gained than by His clothing Himself in our created body, for hence we derive our name of "men of God" and "men in Christ." But as we, by receiving the Spirit, do not lose our own proper substance, so the Lord, when made man for us, and bearing a body, was no less God; for He was not lessened by the envelopment of the body, but rather deified it and rendered it immortal. (NPNF, second series, 4.159).
Athanasius - Contra Arians 1.11.38 ...but rather He Himself has made us sons of the Father, and deified men by becoming Himself man. (NPNF, second series, 4.329).
Athanasius - Contra Arians 1.11.39 Therefore He was not man, and then became God, but He was God, and then became man, and that to deify us...And how can there be deifying apart from the Word and before Him? (NPNF, second series, 4.329).
Athanasius - Contra Arians 1.11.45 For He who is the Son of God, became Himself the Son of Man; and, as Word, He gives from the Father, for all things which the Father does and gives, He does and supplies through Him; and as the Son of Man, He Himself is said after the manner of men to receive what proceeds from Him, because His Body is none other than His, and is a natural recipient of grace, as has been said. For He received it as far as His man’s nature was exalted; which exaltation was its being deified. But such an exaltation the Word Himself always had according to the Father’s Godhead and perfection, which was His. (NPNF, second series, 4.333).
Athanasius - Contra Arians 2.21.70 Whence the truth shews us that the Word is not of things originate, but rather Himself their Framer. For therefore did He assume the body originate and human, that having renewed it as its Framer, he might deify it in Himself, and thus might introduce us all into the kingdom of heaven after His likeness. For man had not been deified if joined to a creature, or unless the Son were very God; nor had man been brought into the Father’s presence, unless He had been His natural and true Word who had put on the body. And as we had not been delivered from sin and the curse, unless it had been by nature human flesh, which the Word put on (for we should have had nothing common with what was foreign), so also the man had not been deified, unless the Word who became flesh had been by nature from the Father and true and proper to Him. For therefore the union was of this kind, that He might unite what is man by nature to Him who is in the nature of the Godhead, and his salvation and deification might be sure. (NPNF, second series, 4.386).
Athanasius - Contra Arians 3.25.23 And the work is perfected, because men, redeemed from sin, no longer remain dead; but being deified, have in each other, by looking at Me, the bond of charity. (NPNF, second series, 4.406).
Athanasius - Contra Arians 3.25.25 ...and as we are sons and gods because of the Word in us, so we shall be in the Son and in the Father, and we shall be accounted to have become one in Son and in Father...(NPNF, second series, 4.407).
Athanasius - Contra Arians 3.26.33 ...no longer do these things touch the body, because of the Word who has come in it, but they are destroyed by him, and henceforth men no longer remain sinners and dead according to their proper affections, but having risen according to the Word's power, they abide ever immortal and incorruptible. Whence also, whereas the flesh is born of Mary Bearer of God [θεοτόκου], He Himself is said to have been born, who furnishes to others an origin of being; in order that He may transfer our origin into Himself, and we may no longer, as mere earth, return to earth, but as being knit into the Word from heaven, may be carried to heaven by Him. Therefor in like manner not without reason has He transferred to Himself the other affections of the body also; that we, no longer as being men, but as proper to the Word, may have share in eternal life. For no longer according to our former origin in Adam do we die; but henceforward our origin and all infirmity of flesh being transferred to the Word, we rise from the earth, the curse form sin being removed, because of Him who is in us, and who has become a curse for us. And with reason; for as we are all from earth and die in Adam, so being regenerated from above of water and Spirit, in the Christ we are all quickened; the flesh no longer earthly, but being henceforth made Word [λογωθείσης της σαρκός - this strong term is here applied to human nature generally; it is also used to describe our Lord's flesh], by reason of God's Word who for our sake 'became flesh.' (NPNF, second series, 4.412)
Athanasius - Contra Arians 3.28.48 For now the flesh had risen and put off its mortality and been deified. (He is here speaking of Christ's flesh). (NPNF, second series, 4.420).
Athanasius - Letter 60 And if God sent His Son brought forth from a woman, the fact causes us no shame but contrariwise glory and great grace. For He has become Man, that He might deify us in Himself, and He has been born of a woman, and begotten of a Virgin, in order to transfer to Himself our erring generation, and that we may become henceforth a holy race, and ‘partakers of the Divine Nature,’ as blessed Peter wrote. And ‘what the law could not do in that it was weak through the flesh, God sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, and for sin, condemned sin in the flesh.’ (NPNF, second series, 4.576)
Hilary of Poitiers - De Trinitate 9.38 For the object to be gained was that man might become God. But the assumed manhood could not in any wise abide in the unity of god, unless, through unity with God, it attained to unity with the nature of God. Then, since God the Word was in the nature of God, the Word made flesh would in its turn also be in the nature of God. (NPNF, second series, 2.9.167)
Hilary of Poitiers - De Trinitate 10.7 For when God was born to be man the purpose was not that the Godhead should be lost, but that, the Godhead remaining, man should be born to be God. Thus Emmanuel is His name, which is God with us, that God might not be lowered to the level of man, but man raised to that of God. (NPNF, second series, 2.9.183-184)
Gregory of Nyssa - Against Eunomius 6.4 For, as he says that He Who was crucified has been made Lord, so Paul also says that He was “highly exalted,” after the Passion and the Resurrection, not being exalted in so far forth as He is God. For what height is there more sublime than the Divine height, that he should say God was exalted thereunto? But he means that the lowliness of the Humanity was exalted, the word, I suppose, indicating the assimilation and union of the Man Who was assumed to the exalted state of the Divine Nature. (NPNF, second series, 2.5.189)
Gregory of Nyssa - The Great Catechism 25 That Deity should be born in our nature, ought not reasonably to present any strangeness to the minds of those who do not take too narrow a view of things. For who, when he takes a survey of the universe, is so simple as not to believe that there is Deity in everything, penetrating it, embracing it, and seated in it? For all things depend on Him Who is nor can there be anything which has not its being in Him Who is. If, therefore, all things are in Him, and He in all things, why are they scandalized at the plan of Revelation when it teaches that God was born among men, that same God Whom we are convinced is even now not outside mankind? For although this last form of God’s presence amongst us is not the same as that former presence, still His existence amongst us equally both then and now is evidenced; only now He Who holds together Nature in existence is transfused in us; while at that other time He was transfused throughout our nature, in order that our nature might by this transfusion of the Divine become itself divine... (NPNF, second series, 2.5.494, 495)
Gregory of Nyssa - The Great Catechism 38 …since the God who was manifested infused Himself into perishable humanity for this purpose, viz. that by this communion with Deity mankind might at the same time be defied. (NPNF, second series, 2.5.506)
Gregory of Nyssa - Orationes de beatitudinibus 7 Man transcends [ekbainei] his own nature, he who was subject to corruption in his mortality becomes immune from it in his immortality, becomes eternal instead of being stuck in time—in a word, from a man he becomes God [theos ex anthrōpou ginomenos]. (Translation by Jaroslav Pelikan, in his Christianity and Classical Culture, p. 318.)
Gregory Nazianzen - Oration 1 “On Easter and His Reluctance” (5) Let us become like Christ, since Christ became like us. Let us become God’s for His sake, since He for ours became Man. He assumed the worse that He might give us the better; He became poor that we through His poverty might be rich; He took upon Him the form of a servant that we might receive back our liberty; He came down that we might be exalted; He was tempted that we might conquer; He was dishonored that He might glorify us; He died that He might save us; He ascended that He might draw to Himself us, who were lying low in the Fall of sin. Let us give all, offer all, to Him Who gave Himself a Ransom and a Reconciliation for us. But one can give nothing like oneself, understanding the Mystery, and becoming for His sake all that He became for ours. (NPNF, second series, 2.7.203)
Gregory Nazianzen - Oration 2 “In Defense of His Flight to Pontus” (23) This is the wish of our schoolmaster the law, of the prophets who intervened between Christ and the law, of Christ who is the fulfiller and end of the spiritual law; of the emptied Godhead, of the assumed flesh, of the novel union between God and man, one consisting of two, and both in one. This is why God was united to the flesh by means of the soul, and natures so separate were knit together by the affinity to each of the element which mediated between them: so all became one for the sake of all, and for the sake of one... (NPNF, second series, 2.7.209)
Gregory Nazianzen - Oration 2 “In Defense of His Flight to Pontus” (73) Who can mold, as clay-figures are modeled in a single day, the defender of the truth, who is to take his stand with Angels, and give glory with Archangels, and cause the sacrifice to ascend to the altar on high, and share the priesthood of Christ, and renew the creature, and set forth the image, and create inhabitants for the world above, aye and, greatest of all, be God, and make others to be God? (NPNF, second series, 7.226)
Gregory Nazianzen - Oration 7 “Panegyric On His Brother S. Caesarius” (23)
Would that I might mortify my members that are upon the earth, would that I might spend my all upon the spirit, walking in the way that is narrow and trodden by few, not that which is broad and easy. For glorious and great are its consequences, and our hope is greater than our desert. What is man, that Thou art mindful of him? What is this new mystery which concerns me? I am small and great, lowly and exalted, mortal and immortal, earthly and heavenly. I share one condition with the lower world, the other with God; one with the flesh, the other with the spirit. I must be buried with Christ, arise with Christ, be joint heir with Christ, become the son of God, yea, God Himself. See whither our argument has carried us in its progress. I almost own myself indebted to the disaster which has inspired me with such thoughts, and made me more enamored of my departure hence. This is the purpose of the great mystery for us. This is the purpose for us of God, Who for us was made man and became poor, to raise our flesh, and recover His image, and remodel man, that we might all be made one in Christ, who was perfectly made in all of us all that He Himself is... (NPNF, second series, 2.7.237)
Gregory Nazianzen - The Third Theological Oration (29.19) While His inferior Nature, the Humanity, became God, because it was united to God, and became One Person because the Higher Nature prevailed ... in order that I too might be made God so far as He is made Man. (NPNF, second series, 7.308)
Gregory Nazianzen - The Fourth Theological Oration (30.3) What greater destiny can befall man's humility than that he should be intermingled with God, and by this intermingling should be deified. (NPNF, second series, 7.310)
Gregory Nazianzen - The Fourth Theological Oration (30.14) For there is One God, and One Mediator between God and Man, the Man Christ Jesus. For He still pleads even now as Man for my salvation; for He continues to wear the Body which He assumed, until He make God by the power of His Incarnation. (NPNF, second series, 7.315)
Gregory Nazianzen - The Fourth Theological Oration (30.21) These names however are still common to Him Who is above us, and to Him Who came for our sake. But others are peculiarly our own, and belong to that nature which He assumed. So He is called Man, not only that through His Body He may be apprehended by embodied creatures, whereas otherwise this would be impossible because of His incomprehensible nature; but also that by Himself He may sanctify humanity, and be as it were a leaven to the whole lump; and by uniting to Himself that which was condemned may release it from all condemnation, becoming for all men all things that we are, except sin; — body, soul, mind and all through which death reaches — and thus He became Man, who is the combination of all these; God in visible form, because He retained that which is perceived by mind alone. He is Son of Man, both on account of Adam, and of the Virgin from Whom He came; from the one as a forefather, from the other as His Mother, both in accordance with the law of generation, and apart from it. He is Christ, because of His Godhead. For this is the Anointing of His Manhood, and does not, as is the case with all other Anointed Ones, sanctify by its action, but by the Presence in His Fullness of the Anointing One; the effect of which is that That which anoints is called Man, and makes that which is anointed God. He is The Way, because He leads us through Himself; The Door, as letting us in; the Shepherd, as making us dwell in a place of green pastures, and bringing us up by waters of rest, and leading us there, and protecting us from wild beasts, converting the erring, bringing back that which was lost, binding up that which was broken, guarding the strong, and bringing them together in the Fold beyond, with words of pastoral knowledge. The Sheep, as the Victim: The Lamb, as being perfect: the Highpriest, as the Offerer; Melchisedec, as without Mother in that Nature which is above us, and without Father in ours; and without genealogy above (for who, it says, shall declare His generation?) and moreover, as King of Salem, which means Peace, and King of Righteousness, and as receiving tithes from Patriarchs, when they prevail over powers of evil. They are the titles of the Son. Walk through them, those that are lofty in a godlike manner; those that belong to the body in a manner suitable to them; or rather, altogether in a godlike manner, that thou mayest become a God, ascending from below, for His sake Who came down from on high for ours. In all and above all keep to this, and thou shalt never err, either in the loftier or the lowlier names; Jesus Christ is the Same yesterday and today in the Incarnation, and in the Spirit for ever and ever. Amen. (NPNF, second series, 7.317, 318)
Gregory Nazianzen - The Fifth Theological Oration (31.4) If He is not from the beginning, He is in the same rank with myself, even though a little before me; for we are both parted from Godhead by time. If He is in the same rank with myself, how can He make me God, or join me with Godhead? (NPNF, second series, 7.319)
Gregory Nazianzen - The Fifth Theological Oration (28, 29) For if He [Holy Ghost] is not to be woshipped, how can He deify me by Baptism? But if He is to be worshipped, surely He is an Object of adoration, and if an Object of adoration He must be God…good, upright, princely, by nature not by adoption…That deifieth… (NPNF, second series, 7. 327.)
Gregory Nazianzen - Oration 34 “On the Arrival of the Egyptians” (12) I dare to utter something, O Trinity; and may pardon be granted to my folly, for the risk is to my soul. I too am an Image of God, of the Heavenly Glory, though I be placed on earth. I cannot believe that I am saved by one who is my equal. If the Holy Ghost is not God, let Him first be made God, and then Him deify me His equal. (NPNF, second series, 7.337)
Gregory Nazianzen- Oration 39 “Oration on the Holy Lights” (17) And how is He not God, if I may digress a little, by whom you too are made God? (NPNF, second series, 7.358)
Gregory Nazianzen - Oration 40 “Oration on Holy Baptism” (45) ...impassible in His Godhead, passible in that which He assumed; as much Man for your sake as you are made God for His. (NPNF, second series, 7.377)
Gregory Nazianzen - Oration 43 “The Panegyric On St. Basil” (61)
...Christ, who made Himself poor in the flesh for our sakes, that we might enjoy the riches of His Godhead (NPNF, second series, 7.415)
Basil - On the Spirit 9.23 Hence comes foreknowledge of the future, understanding of mysteries, apprehension of what is hidden, distribution of good gifts, the heavenly citizenship, a place in the chorus of angels, joy without end, abiding in God, the being made like to God, and, the highest of all, the being made God. (NPNF, second series, 8.16)
Ephraim the Syrian - Hymns On The Nativity Hymn 1 In this day in which the Rich became poor for our sakes, let the rich man make the poor man share with him at his table. On this day to us came forth the Gift, although we asked it not! Let us therefore bestow alms on them that cry and beg of us. This is the day that opened for us a gate on high to our prayers. Let us open also gates to supplicants that have transgressed, and of us have asked [forgiveness.] Today the Lord of nature was against His nature changed; let it not to us be irksome to turn our evil wills. Fixed in nature is the body; great or less it cannot become: but the will has such dominion, it can grow to any measure. Today Godhead sealed itself upon Manhood, that so with the Godhead’s stamp Manhood might be adorned. (NPNF, second series, 2.13.226 - also Western Spiritual Classics - Ephrem The Syrian: Hymns p. 74.)
Ephraim the Syrian – Homily on our Lord 2 This is He Who was begotten from the Godhead according to His nature, and from manhood not after His nature, and from baptism not after His custom; that we might be begotten from manhood according to our nature, and from Godhead not after our nature, and by the Spirit not after our custom. He then was begotten from the Godhead, He that came to a second birth; in order to bring us to the birth that is discoursed of, even His generation from the Father: — not that it should be searched out, but that it should be believed; — and His birth froth the woman, not that it should be despised, but that it should be exalted. (NPNF, second series, 2.13.305.)
Ephraim the Syrian – Homily on our Lord 10 Glory be to Him Who received from us that He might give to us; that through that which is ours we might more abundantly receive of that which is His! (NPNF, second series, 2.13.309.)
Ephraim the Syrian – Nisbene Hymns XLVIII.17-18 Divinity flew down and descended to raise and draw up humanity. The Son has made beautiful the servant’s deformity, and he has become a god, just as he desired. (St. Ephrem The Syrian – Hymns On Paradise, trans. Sebastian Brock, p. 73.)
Ephraim the Syrian – Nisbene Hymns LXIX.12 The Most High knew that Adam wanted to become a god, so He sent His Son who put him on in order to grant him his desire. (St. Ephrem The Syrian – Hymns On Paradise, trans. Sebastian Brock, p. 73.)
Ephraim the Syrian - Hymns On Faith V.17 He gave us divinity, we gave Him humanity. (St. Ephrem The Syrian – Hymns On Paradise, trans. Sebastian Brock, p. 73.)
Ephraim the Syrian - Hymns On Virginity 48.14-18 Our freedom does not cease to pervert. His grace does not cease to make straight. Freedom made hateful the beauty of Adam that he might be god…But grace adorned its flaws, and God came to be human. Divinity flew down to rescue and lift up humanity. Behold the Son adorned the servant’s flaw, so that he became god as he had desired. (Ephrem the Syrian – Hymms, trans. Kathleen E. McVey, p. 455.)
Ambrose - On The Christian Faith 5.14 As, then, He was made sin and a curse not on His own account but on ours, so He became subject in us not for His own sake but for ours, being not in subjection in His eternal Nature, nor accursed in His eternal Nature. “For cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree.” Cursed He was, for He bore our curses; in subjection, also, for He took upon Him our subjection, but in the assumption of the form of a servant, not in the glory of God; so that whilst he makes Himself a partaker of our weakness in the flesh, He makes us partakers of the divine Nature in His power. But neither in one nor the other have we any natural fellowship with the heavenly Generation of Christ, nor is there any subjection of the Godhead in Christ. But as the Apostle has said that on Him through that flesh which is the pledge of our salvation, we sit in heavenly places, though certainly not sitting ourselves, so also He is said to be subject in us through the assumption of our nature. (NPNF, second series, 2.10.306.)
Augustine - Letters 140.4 This is called adoption. For we were something before we were the sons of God, and we received the benefit of becoming what we were not, just as the one who adopted, before adoption, was not yet the son of the one who adopts him; still, he was one who could be adopted. From this begetting by grace we distinguish that son who, although He was the Son of God, came that He might become what He was not; nevertheless, He was something else, and this something was the Word of God, by whom all things were made, and the true light which enlightens every man, and God with God. Still, we were something, and this same something was much lower, that is sons of men. He therefore descended that we might ascend, and, while remaining in His own nature, became a sharer in our nature, so that we, while remaining in our own nature, might become sharers in His nature; but not in the same way, for He did not become worse by sharing in our nature, but we become better by sharing in His, (Fathers of the Church, volume 11, pp. 64, 65.)
Augustine - Letters 140.4 Make the exchange; become spirit and dwell in him who became flesh and dwelt among you. No longer need we despair of becoming children of God by participation in the Word, because by participation in the flesh the divine Son became a human son. (Duffy, The Dynamics of Grace, p. 79 – see Fathers of the Church, volume 11, p. 66, for alternate translation.)
Augustine - The City of God 21.16 Accordingly vices are then only to be considered overcome when they are conquered by the love of God, which God Himself alone gives, and which He gives only through the Mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus, who became a partaker of our mortality that He might make us partakers of His divinity. (NPNF, first series, 2.465)
Augustine – On Forgiveness of Sins, and Baptism 2.38 He goes on to add, “And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us;” as much as to say, A great thing indeed has been done among them, even that they are born again to God of God, who had before been born of the flesh to the world, although created by God Himself; but a far more wonderful thing has been done that, although it accrued to them by nature to be born of the flesh, but by the divine goodness to be born of God, — in order that so great a benefit might be imparted to them, He who was in His own nature born of God, vouchsafed in mercy to be also born of the flesh; — no less being meant by the passage, “And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us.” Hereby, he says in effect, it has been wrought that we who were born of the flesh as flesh, by being afterwards born of the Spirit, may be spirit and dwell in God; because also God, who was born of God, by being afterwards born of the flesh, became flesh, and dwelt among us. For the Word, which became flesh, was in the beginning, and was God with God. But at the same time His participation in our inferior condition, in order to our participation in His higher state, held a kind of medium in His birth of the flesh; so that we indeed were born in sinful flesh, but He was born in the likeness of sinful flesh, — we not only of flesh and blood, but also of the will of man, and of the flesh, but He was born only of flesh and blood, not of the will of man, nor or the will of the flesh, but of God: we, therefore, to die on account of sin, He, to die on our account without sin. So also, just as His inferior circumstances, into which He descended to us, were not in every particular exactly the same with our inferior circumstances, in which He found us here; so our superior state, into which we ascend to Him, will not be quite the same with His superior state, in which we are there to find Him. For we by His grace are to be made the sons of God, whereas He was evermore by nature the Son of God; we, when we are converted, shall cleave to God, though not as His equals; He never turned from God, and remains ever equal to God; we are partakers of eternal life, He is eternal life. He, therefore, alone having become man, but still continuing to be God, never had any sin, nor did he assume a flesh of sin, though born of a maternal flesh of sin. For what He then took of flesh, He either cleansed in order to take it, or cleansed by taking it. His virgin mother, therefore, whose conception was not according to the law of sinful flesh (in other words, not by the excitement of carnal concupiscence), but who merited by her faith that the holy seed should be framed within her, He formed in order to choose her, and chose in order to be formed from her. How much more needful, then, is it for sinful flesh to be baptized in order to escape the judgment, when the flesh which was untainted by sin was baptized to set an example for imitation? (NPNF, first series, 5.59, 60.)
Augustine – On Nature and Grace 37 But God forbid that we should meet him with such an assertion as he says certain persons advance against him: “That man is placed on an equality with God, if he is described as being without sin;” as if indeed an angel, because he is without sin, is put in such an equality. For my own part, I am of this opinion that the creature will never become equal with God, even when so perfect a holiness shall be accomplished in us, that it shall be quite incapable of receiving any addition. No; all who maintain that our progress is to be so complete that we shall be changed into the substance of God, and that we shall thus become what He is, should look well to it how they build up their opinion; for myself I must confess that I am not persuaded of this. (NPNF, first series, 5.134)
Augustine – On the Gospel of John Tractate 48.9 But now He includes the psalms also under the name of the law, where it is written, “I said, Ye are gods. If He calleth them gods, to whom the word of God came, and the Scripture cannot be broken: say ye of Him, whom the Father hath sanctified, and sent into the world. Thou blasphemest; because I said, I am the Son of God?” If the word of God came to men, that they might be called gods, how can the very Word of God, who is with God, be otherwise than God? If by the word of God men become gods, if by fellowship they become gods, can He by whom they have fellowship not be God? If lights which are lit are gods, is the light which enlighteneth not God? If through being warmed in a way by saving fire they are constituted gods, is He who gives them the warmth other than God? Thou approachest the light and art enlightened, and numbered among the sons of God; if thou withdrawest from the light, thou fallest into obscurity, and art accounted in darkness; but that light approacheth not, because it never recedeth from itself. If, then, the word of God maketh you gods, how can the Word of God be otherwise than God? (NPNF, first series, 7.259)
Augustine - On the Psalms 50.2 It is evident then, that He hath called men gods, that are deified of His Grace, not born of His Substance. For He doth justify, who is just through His own self, and not of another; and He doth deify who is God through Himself, not by the partaking of another. But He that justifieth doth Himself deify, in that by justifying He doth make sons of God. "For He that given them power to become sons of God". If we have been made sons of God, we have also been made gods: but this is the effect of Grace adopting, not of nature generating. For only the Son of God, God, and one God with the Father, Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, was in the beginning the Word, and the Word with God, the Word God. The rest that are made gods, are made by His own Grace, are not born of His Substance, that they should be the same a He, but that by favour they should come to Him, and be fellow-heirs with Christ. ..."But we know," he saith,"that when He shall have appeared, we shall be like Him, for we shall see Him as He is." The Only Son is like him by birth, we like by seeing. (NPNF, first series, 8.178.)
Augustine - On the Psalms 53.5 For this thing God doth, out of sons of men He maketh sons of God: because out of Son of God He hath made Son of Man. See what this participation is: there hath been promised to us a participation of Divinity: He lieth that hath promised, if He is not first made partaker of mortality. For the Son of God hath been made partaker of mortality, in order that mortal man may be made partaker of divinity. He that hath promised that His good is to be shared with thee, first with thee hath shared thy evil: He that to thee hath promised divinity, showeth in thee love. N(PNF, first series, 8.204.)
Augustine - On The Psalms 119.79 Indeed, it is He who above also hath interposed His own words, saying, “I am a partaker with all them that fear Thee.” Because He was made sharer in our mortal state, that we might also become par-takers in His Divine Nature, we became sharers in One unto life, He a sharer in many unto death. (NPNF, first series, 8.573.)
Augustine - On the Psalms 139.1 For the Psalms were sung long before the Lord was born of Mary, yet not before He was Lord: for from everlasting He was the Creator of all things, but in time He was born of His creature. Let us believe that Godhead, and, so far as we can, understand Him to be equal to the Father. But that Godhead equal to the Father. was made partaker of our mortal nature, not of His own store, but of ours; that we too might be made partakers of His Divine Nature, not of our store, but of His. (NPNF, first series, 8.635.)
Augustine - Sermon 81 But in order to lift them out of these iniquities, to redeem, to cure, to heal, to change the sons of men, he gave them the power and right to become sons of God. So what’s so surprising about this text? You were men, if you were sons of men; you were all liars, because every man is a liar. The grace of God came to you, it gave you the power and right to become sons of God. Listen to the voice of my Father saying, I said you are gods, and all of you sons of the Most High (Ps. 82:6). Because you are sons of men, you are liars, if you are not sons of the Most High, because every man is a liar. If you are sons of God, if redeemed by the grace of the Savior, if bought by his precious blood, if born again by water and the Spirit, if predestined to the heavenly inheritance, then of you are sons of God. Son you are already gods. (The Works of Saint Augustine - Part III - Sermons, vol. 3, p. 363.)
Augustine - Sermon 166 God you see, wants to make you a god; not by nature of course, like the one whom he begot; but by his gift and by adoption. For just as he through being humbled came to share your mortality; so through lifting you up he brings you to share his immortality...and thus the whole man being deified and made divine may cleave forever to everlasting and unchangeable truth. (The Works of Saint Augustine - Part III - Sermons, vol. 5, pp. 210, 211.)
Augustine - Sermon 229G But what sort of gods can men be? What sort of gods? Equal to the angels of God. We’ve been promised that, don’t let’s look for anything more; because we won’t be equal to God, ever. (The Works of Saint Augustine - Part III - Sermons, vol. 6, p. 290.)
Augustine - Sermon 23B We carry mortality about with us, we endure infirmity, we look forward to divinity. For God wishes not only to vivify us, but also to deify us. When would human infirmity ever have dared to hope for this, unless divine truth had promised it? But divine truth did promise this, as we have said; and that we are going to be gods, not only did it promise this—and because it made the promise, it is of course true, because such a faithful maker of promises does not deceive, and such and omnipotent giver is not prevented from fulfilling what he has promised. Still, it was not enough for our God to promise us divinity in himself, unless he also took on our infirmity, as though to say, “Do you want to know how much I love you, how certain you ought to be that I am going to give you my divine reality? I took to myself your mortal reality.” We mustn’t find it incredible, brothers and sisters, that human beings become gods, that is, that those who were human beings become gods. More incredible still is what has already been bestowed on us, that on who was God should become a human being. And indeed we believe that that has already happened, while we wait for the other thing to happen in the future. The Son of God became a son of man, in order to make sons of men into sons of God…Our God, the true God, the one God, has stood up in the synagogue of gods, many of them of course, and gods not by nature but by adoption, by grace. There is a great difference between God who exists, god who is always God, true God, not only God but also deifying God; that is if I may so put it, god-making God, God not made making gods, and gods who were made, but not by a craftsman…You worship the God who makes you into gods; while they worship gods they make, and by making and worshiping them they lose the chance of becoming gods themselves. (The Works of Saint Augustine - Part III - Sermons, vol. 11, p. 37, 38)
Jerome - Homily 14 ...That we are gods, not so by nature, but by grace. "But as many as received him he gave power of becoming sons of God." I made man for that purpose, that from men they may become gods. "I said: You are gods, all of you sons of the most High."(The Fathers of the Church, 48.106)
Hilary of Arles (Archbishop of Arles b. 403 d. 449) - Introductory Commentary on 2 Peter Just as God stepped out of his nature to become a partaker of our humanity, so we are called to step out of our nature to become partakers of his divinity. (Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture - New Testament XI, p. 133.)
John Chrysostom - Homilies on the Acts #32 ...the man can become God, and a child of God. For we read, “I have said, Ye are gods, all of you are the children of the Most High.” (Ps. lxxxii. 6) And what is greater, the power to become both God and angel and child of God is put into his own hands. (NPNF, first series, 11.205)
John Chrysostom - Homily 2 “Eutropius, and the Vanity of Riches” What kind of names hath He received from me, and what kind hath He given to me? He Himself is God, and He hath called me God; with Him is the essential nature as an actual fact, with me only the honor of the name: “I have said ye are gods, and ye are all children of the most highest.” Here are words, but in the other case there is the actual reality. He hath called me God, for by that name I have received honor. (NPNF, first series, 9.257)
John Chrysostom - Homilies on John #3 What then do they say when we assert what we have asserted? “That the words, “in the beginning was the Word,’ do not denote eternity absolutely, for that this same expression was used also concerning heaven and earth.” What enormous shamelessness and irreverence! I speak to thee concerning God, and dost thou bring the earth into the argument, and men who are of the earth? At this rate, since Christ is called Son of God, and God, Man who is called Son of God must be God also. For, “I have said, Ye are Gods, and all of you are children of the Most High.” (Psalm 82:6) Wilt thou contend with the Only-Begotten concerning Sonship, and assert that in that respect He enjoys nothing more than thou? “By no means,” is the reply. And yet thou doest this even though thou say not so in words. “How?” Because thou sayest that thou by grace art partaker of the adoption, and He in like manner. For by saying that He is not Son by nature, thou only makest him to be so by grace. (NPNF, first series, 14.11)
Mark the Ascetic - Letter to Nicolas The Logos become man, so that man might become Logos. Being rich he became poor for our sakes, so that through his poverty we might become rich. (cf. 2 Cor. 8:9) In His great love for man He became like us, that through every virtue we might become like Him. (The Philokalia 1.155)
Aphrahat - Select Demonstrations For the venerated name of Godhead has been applied also to righteous men, and they have been worthy to be called by it. (NPNF, second series, 13.387)
Aphrahat - Select Demonstrations The great and honorable name of Godhead He withheld not from His righteous ones. (NPNF, second series, 13.388)
Grace and peace, | <urn:uuid:8f455369-88f8-460e-b959-ba0e42907828> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://articulifidei.blogspot.com/2010/11/deification-in-church-fathers.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00248-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977769 | 15,925 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Children with disabilities are one of the most marginalized and excluded groups of children, experiencing widespread violations of their rights. This marginalization doesn’t come about because of their disability, but often because of a lack of understanding and knowledge, a fear of difference and negative cultural views from those around them. Poverty and remoteness can also compound the problems.
If we invest in the futures of those with disabilities, their well-being improves and so do the prospects of their families. Importantly, society also benefits when people are able to use their human capital to full potential.
While recently visiting Cambodia, I got a taste of the challenges people with disabilities face. To better understand some factors that influence people’s attitudes and behaviors towards disability in Cambodia, I met with Hach, a 25-year-old blind man who is currently studying at a local university, and Navy who is an 11th-grader with a low vision. Both are from Kampong Cham, a two-hour drive from Phnom Penh.
Hach’s story: “People do not understand our abilities”
When Hach first arrived at the Krousar Thmey, a school for the blind and deaf in Kampong Cham, he was only 11 years old. Fourteen years later he is now working to finish his degree in English literature in order to become an English translator. However, he is worried about getting work – people with disabilities are much less likely to get jobs in Cambodia.
Hach told me that many people do not believe that people with disabilities have potential. “I often find job announcements very generic and written without thinking about disabled people,” he said. “It’s like we are not wanted in most workplaces. Companies do not believe in our capacity and abilities. Many make assumptions that we do not or cannot have self-management skills and need assistance all the time.”
He then went on to tell me how assumptions are hindering opportunities. “People expect our performances to be poor because they think we have very limited capacity compared to those without disabilities. People don’t understand our abilities.”
According to Hach, a bigger problem is that society views people with disabilities as “worthless” just because many of them cannot go to the market or school by themselves, or support their families economically.
When he was a little boy, he often felt that his neighbors treated him badly, but he never understood why. However, their attitudes changed after they saw him mastering different skills at school and living independently, just like them.
Despite facing numerous challenges and discrimination, he doesn’t blame people. Disability is still an emerging issue in Cambodia and more time is needed to improve the situation he says.
He told me he believed that the negative mindset towards disability in Cambodia will change one day, “but only if people stop presuming what we can’t do and give us an equal opportunity to show what we can do.”
Navy’s story: “Disabled people can help each other too”
Navy, 24, is visually impaired and has been studying at the Krousar Themy for 10 years. She recalled that she was very excited to join the school because she could not enroll in her village school, which was unable to provide braille and other assistive devices for her.
Navy starts her day early. In the morning, she spends four hours learning different life skills. She then spends her afternoon with her non-disabled classmates at a state-run village school.
Her class currently has five disabled students, including herself. As soon as I learned that her age and grade did not match, I became curious about what it would be like to study with younger classmates, especially as a person with a disability.
“By the time I enrolled in grade 3 at my [state] school, I was already 16 years old. I did not like it,” she told me. “I felt embarrassed because of the huge age gap [8 years]. I often felt left out because of my age and disability. I had very few friends and some of the kids weren’t nice to be. But I thought it was still better to go to school.”
I asked her if she ever felt that her disability was a barrier to happiness, making new friends, studying and living a normal life. Her answer was short and clear: “Disability should not matter.”
However, she told me that a majority of people still see disability only as a challenge and have low expectations of them.
Navy also saw that people with disabilities have limited opportunities and resources to learn, interact with others and explore their potential. She said that she thinks there should be more opportunities and resources to support people with disabilities. Without such support, their learning and work performance will be underdeveloped.
In her village school, she told me that she didn’t get special attention from teachers and, sitting at the back of the class, needed class mates to help her read what was written on the board. This made it difficult for her to interact and learn like the other students.
Although Navy believed that people with disabilities may need some level of support, it is not right to generalize that disabled people are dependent. “We may need some help,” she told me, “but disabled people can help each other, too.”
“For example, with my low vision, it is not always easy to go to school, so my friend with a similar disability and I hold each other and walk together to school. We are just fine.”
The stories of Hach and Navy have taught me some valuable lessons. First, indifferent and discriminatory treatment of people with disabilities conveys a belief that they are incapable of being productive members of society. These negative attitudes mean that disabled people often hold low-skilled jobs.
Second, to help people better understand both the disability and abilities of disabled people, additional learning opportunities should be available. Also, people with disabilities have the right to be treated as equals – people need to focus on the abilities and skills of disabled people rather than what they cannot do.
Hach and Navy’s determination to achieve in the face of the many barriers in front of them should act as a testament to how, given the right support and opportunities, people with disabilities can become big contributors to society.
Hyunjeong Lee is Education Consultant at UNICEF East Asia and Pacific Regional Office.
These interviews were made possible with the dedicated support of Thinavuth Ek, Community Development Officer from UNICEF in Cambodia, and the generous support of Hach Cham and Navy Hoeum, whom we met at the Krousar Thmey. | <urn:uuid:3c34414c-f47d-4f45-8d56-7ad9a37f0a43> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blogs.unicef.org/east-asia-pacific/disability-shouldnt-matter-breaking-through-barriers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.983743 | 1,410 | 3.140625 | 3 |
CHEM-3550L Physical Chemistry Laboratory
In this course, students will demonstrate their understanding of the physical basis and general applications of experimental techniques in physical chemistry. In particular, they will demonstrate their ability in applying the theories from thermodynamics, kinetics, quantum mechanics and spectroscopy to interpret experimental data. They will also learn how to maintain a laboratory notebook - collect data in a professionally acceptable way. Finally, they will demonstrate their ability to communicate their data and results to others. CHEM 3521 or CHEM 3522 may be taken concurrently.
Lecture Hours: 0 Lab Hours: 4.00Total Hours: 2.00 | <urn:uuid:f760d5ea-7f14-4fda-bb9a-7f71797303dc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.westga.edu/academics/course_details.php?course=CHEM-3550L | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.904577 | 133 | 1.75 | 2 |
26 March, 2020
The process of making functional brain cells in a lab dish requires the precise activation of selfish genetic elements known as LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposons. The finding, from researchers at KAUST, could lead to safer and more effective regenerative therapies for Parkinson’s disease and other brain conditions.
The genomes of humans, mice and other mammals have hundreds of thousands of L1 elements. Most are inactive, yet some retain the ability to make copies of themselves and jump into different segments of DNA, with impacts on gene regulation that can be both harmful and beneficial. Sometimes, the jumping genes can trigger disease. In early brain development, however, L1 activity is needed for neurons to form properly—although the reason had been unclear.
Image: Engineered skin cells (red) become dopamine-producing neurons (green).
© 2020 Della Valle et al. | <urn:uuid:b07b0c88-b5ca-4e2c-945e-6ea424b63ef8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bese.kaust.edu.sa/news/detail/2021/03/12/jumping-genes-help-make-neurons-in-a-dish | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.93844 | 185 | 3.46875 | 3 |
Growth and Yield Responses of Tomato (Lycorpersicon Esculentum Mill) to Trichoderma Inoculants in Soilless Medium
Ragai Kundat, Franklin (2002) Growth and Yield Responses of Tomato (Lycorpersicon Esculentum Mill) to Trichoderma Inoculants in Soilless Medium. Masters thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Growth and yield responses of tomato to Trichoderma inoculants in Soilless medium (mixture of coconut dust and peat) (Cdp) under Protected Environment Agriculture (PEA) system was attempted. Two Trichoderma species; T harzianum (UPM 29) and T. Virens (UPM 23) singly and as mixtures were used in the study. The physical, chemical and microbiological properties of Cdp was suitable for growth of tomato and proliferation and survival of Trichoderma. Cdp has good pore size with bulk density within the range of mineral soil (1.0 -1.8 g/l). Cdp has high water availability of 22.23%. However they has low microbial populations comprising of mainly the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. The effect of soilless media on proliferation and survival of Trichoderma was carried out by either adding the inoculant as an additive to the soi11ess medium or as bioseed treatment. T. harzianum population in Cdp was reduced by 32% after 15 days of application. However, population for T Virens when applied singly or as mixtures of T. harzianum + T virens dropped at day 6 but remained stable thereafter until the end of the experiment. Trichoderma population was higher on the roots throughout the 21 days of experimental period, suggesting that Trichoderma can colonize the germinating roots and live on the root exudates. Application of Trichoderma as additives to the soilless medium was a better delivery method as it gave better distribution and easy contact with the growing roots. Therefore, application as additives to germination mixes was selected to evaluate the effect of air-dried preparation of Trichoderma inoculants on growth and yield responses of tomato.
Repository Staff Only: Edit item detail | <urn:uuid:9e0a6955-3d1e-48af-ad2c-ffb5af17542e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://psasir.upm.edu.my/10577/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00209-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.917809 | 485 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Would you like to do rafting down the River Segura? Revitalise yourself and have fun while descending 13,50 km down the river, which normally takes around 3 hours. During the descent you will find a series of different obstacles, river rapids, curves and two dams.
How to navigate the river?
- Rafting. The most popular option. Rafting, with a very secure boat which holds up to 12 people.
- Kayak, which allows you to move easily round the curves and rapids of the energetic river.
- Banana. This option is for the most adventurous people.
Team work is vital while enjoying the safety of a boat, which will help you dodge the curves, the rapids and the two exciting dams. Moreover, there will definitely be water fights and lots of laughter. Midway down the river we will offer snacks. In addition, we will take photos of you, throughout the activity, free of charge. Enjoy this experience with your family or friends and let the little ones get close to nature.
Our facilities (on the river’s edge) are made up of two changing rooms with over 200 private lockers where you can leave your personal belongings, shower facilities and a tourist office.
What is included?
Qualified monitors (One monitor per rafting boat and two monitors per ten kayaks). One monitor on land with appropriate transport.
All the appropriate materials for this activity including: boat, oars, life jackets, helmets etc.
Liability and accident insurance.
Sport facilities equipped with dressing rooms, showers and lockers.
Photographs throughout the activity
Snack (Sandwich + drink: water, beer, Fanta or Coca-Cola)
Transport from the facilities to the starting point.
Wetsuits (Only in winter. Up to 40 units).
It does not include:
Transport to the facilities.
What do I need to take?
Clothing, Swimwear and sun cream.
Comfortable footwear to do the activity (water shoes, sport shoes or any other adjusted shoes)
A change of clothes and shoes. | <urn:uuid:d04eb310-6a23-4c0a-81b0-33f76f1ae35d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://puraventuraspain.com/en/water/rafting/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.927379 | 442 | 1.554688 | 2 |
and 28% of them say the pandemic changed their lives in a major way…How Much Is Betterhelp?…
Another report from the Kaiser Household Foundation (KFF) discovered the pandemic also developed new barriers to help for individuals who already dealt with drug abuse or other mental health problems At the same time, resources for face-to-face mental health services weren’t readily offered due to public health issues. As a result, many people experiencing psychological health problems turned to online therapy platforms
When you sign up for a regular monthly subscription, you receive access to four weeks of endless messaging in a counseling “space” with your therapist. You can likewise set up one 30-minute live phone, chat or video session a week, although longer sessions can be approved by each therapist.
sign-up process is clear, fast and straightforward. Initially, you answer several concerns about the reasons you’re seeking therapy, what you hope to achieve with counseling and any additional information you want to supply. The platform keeps you informed of the procedure with e-mails, usually designating a therapist to you within anywhere from a few hours to a few days.
If you choose to choose your own therapist, you can do so by browsing to the bottom of the homepage and clicking “Find a therapist.” This option isn’t described in FAQs page.
I got counseling through for four weeks, seeking short-term counseling for stress and stress and anxiety over caregiving and concerns about my mom, who has health problems and lives in another state. I likewise wanted to learn ways to better interact with my brother or sisters, with whom I periodically clash over caregiving matters.
Overall, I would rate my experience with as exceptional. My therapist was proficient, empathetic and proficient. She listened to my issues without judgment or criticism. permits consumers to alter therapists at any time and as many times as they discover essential. I stuck with the very same therapist, and over the course of four video sessions, she provided suggestions on ways to relieve or avoid stress and anxiety and resolve repeating communication concerns with one of my brother or sisters.
I found my online video sessions with my therapist to be as helpful as my previous experiences with in-person therapy. My counselor made recommendations without pressing me to follow them and used methods I might cope with anxiety, such as breathing exercises and journaling methods for perceiving fears or concerns in a more realistic and sensible way.
I likewise discovered customer support to be responsive and practical. When I forgot to cancel my membership after four weeks and was billed for the next month, the agent responded to promptly and right away processed a refund for the full amount. On a different occasion, when I sent a question via the platform’s assistance messaging, I received a satisfying reply to my concern within a couple of hours.
The platform was easy to browse, and I enjoyed my treatment experience. I didn’t utilize messaging, live chat or phone sessions for counseling, however my therapist advised me throughout each session that those options were readily available and motivated me to utilize them.
I was at first reluctant to accept online therapy as opposed to an in-person experience, I quickly ended up being comfy sharing my ideas and feelings in video counseling sessions. While I didn’t utilize live chat, phone or text messaging choices, those services are quickly accessible, protected and could be similarly useful for the best individual.
is an exceptional alternative for individuals seeking online counseling for certain mental health problems. If you’re experiencing deep anxiety, suicidal ideas or signs of a serious psychological disease, it’s important to look for in-person treatment with a certified psychological health expert. If you remain in crisis or experiencing an emergency situation, call 911 for help.
Around one-fifth of U.S. adults say they’re experiencing “high levels of psychological distress,” and 28% of them state the pandemic altered their lives in a significant way.
At the same time, resources for in person psychological health services weren’t readily available due to public health issues. As a result, many individuals experiencing psychological health concerns turned to online therapy platforms
The platform was simple to navigate, and I enjoyed my treatment experience. If you’re experiencing deep anxiety, suicidal ideas or signs of a serious mental disease, it’s crucial to look for in-person treatment with a certified mental health professional.
seeming like i simply want to run away …Can You Use Betterhelp Without A Subscription…have you ever had the sensation that you simply wish to leave from all of your issues you’re not alone as this is really something that people of any ages deal with no matter the source of your tension it can be overwhelming leading to the desire to escape from all of it in fact the sensation of wanting to escape is attributed to the fight or flight action
The natural biological reaction to distress and threat when we are placed in difficult circumstances it’s regular to want to try to escape them as soon as possible however it can become an increased action that lasts beyond the stressor tension and anxiety are some of the most typical psychological health concerns that people face if these feelings aren’t handled they can contribute to psychological fatigue
an expert such as the ones you can find online at betterhelp you can find useful ways to combat stress and develop productive and healthy coping abilities that you can use throughout your life by doing so you can concentrate on what enriches you and makes you pleased the feelings of wishing to run away will not control your life and instead you’ll understand how to cope and tackle the concerns that caused them in the first place How Much Is Betterhelp?
interaction the sessions had to do with 30 minutes and if i seemed like there was a lot more to talk about i constantly asked my therapist if i might extend my time for an hour into book sessions you just require to pull up the calendar and pick the days and times that work best for you and if there aren’t any days that work for you then you can coordinate that with your therapist i personally choose the video sessions because i seem like talking face to face is always incredibly practical for me but honestly there are numerous days where i just do not wish to talk with somebody so i was able to still schedule a live chat session instead of skipping out totally on therapy which i truly appreciated among the cons in my viewpoint would be that if you have an in-demand therapist which was the case with the 2nd therapist that i saw sessions were constantly simply scheduled out 2 to 3 How Much Is Betterhelp? | <urn:uuid:50fcfa4d-7095-49d3-ada2-d669072231f2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.salmond-sturgeon.com/how-much-is-betterhelp/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.952573 | 1,356 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Audrey Syner (Fellows)
What do the ragged School memories mean to me?
It started at a very early age when we had to go to Sunday school “no questions asked”. I think most of the children in ‘Two Gates’ went every Sunday morning, whether it was to cleanse our souls or to give our mothers a rest. It was a lovely time to be young. We didn’t have a great deal so chapel was relied on for our annual trip every year. I know we saw the sea for the first time thanks to the “chapel”, which wouldn’t have been possible otherwise; one lovely memory.
Then there was the Christmas Club, which our parents paid into every year and paid for our presents and goodies on Christmas morning plus the party we had at Christmas. One thing that brings back special memories for me was the ringing of the chapel bell early Christmas morning. That’s when the celebrations started, simple but so special.
Then the next important event for us children was the Anniversary. What an event, to get us all seated on the platform where we wanted to sit. Tears and tantrums. Who we wanted to sit by and then came poems. Who said what and who sang the solo? But, I do remember that the little chapel was full to bursting and the joy of seeing our mother and father, because dad always came to the morning service. That was the icing on the cake.
I also remember when the war ended and we had the biggest bonfire over the road from the chapel, which was then a piece of waste ground. All the food was done at the chapel and again the bell rang out.
My memories as a child are so important. As children we had only ourselves, the people around us and were all in the same situation, not a lot of money or luxuries but the chapel bought our community together. | <urn:uuid:de3a6c99-448c-4219-a20f-b146d03c1007> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.twogatesraggedschool.com/audrey-syner-fellows | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.980919 | 398 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Tennessee Senate Election 2022 Candidates. We’re going to discuss north carolina’s u.s. This deadline was extended by court order.
Lee had signed the new legislative districts into law on february 6. Candidates for the division of () clear. Included on the list is the total number of candidates the name.
The Tennessee House Of Representatives Is One Of 88 State.
The tennessee supreme court reversed the lower court's ruling blocking the state senate map on april 13. The davidson county chancery court blocked the general assembly's senate redistricting map on april 6, 2022. This deadline was extended by court order.
Secretary Hargett Is The Chief.
Election to 17 of 33 seats in the tennessee state senate will be held on november 8, 2022. United states gubernatorial elections will be held on november 8, 2022, in 36 states and three territories. Senate in this episode of inside politics:
This Year 63 Candidates Are Running For Senator.
There are 99 chambers throughout the country. In the democratic primary, voters are choosing between lt. Tennessee is holding an election for governor on november 8, 2022.
The Filing Deadline Was April 7, 2022.
Special elections may also take place (depending on state law) if other. Senator risa hontiveros is the lone opposition senatorial candidate poised to enter the senate “magic 12” of the 2022 elections. 9 (2.07% of 435) 2010.
In 2020, 86 Out Of 99 Legislative Chambers Held.
Use the navigation buttons in the upper left to zoom the map in or out or you can use your mouse wheel. 2 (electoral classes 1 and 2) governor: May 3, 2022 unofficial election results note: | <urn:uuid:d5ccc4e3-8ad0-4d2f-b805-ca6f74896b8c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://journeydumbo.com/tennessee-senate-election-2022-candidates/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.904152 | 374 | 1.546875 | 2 |
India`s First Open Source Oxygen Concentrator
A NON PROFIT INITIATIVE
India is going through the second wave of COVID-19, we are facing an acute shortage of oxygen.
In this scenario, an oxygen concentrator can save many lives but it is not easily available in the market or the prices have skyrocketed. We are forced to import them from CHINA.
This made us design an Oxygen Concentrator and prepared a working prototype with all designs and technology as open-source. Now we need a bigger team to bring this into production and save lives.
The idea is to invite manufacturers and contributors to scale up the production.
To build a simplified yet effective open-source oxygen concentrator using Indian parts. And to distribute design and technology to various manufacturers on a no-cost basis so production can be scaled up rapidly and current crises can be solved.
In the future, there should be no dependencies on other countries for oxygen supply.
The current version of oxygen concentrator is not clinically tested or certified. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to take required clearances and certifications for emergency use.
Technido or team members are not responsible for end use of machine, loss of property or loss of lives
Oxygen Concentration: 90-92%
Flow Rate: 10LPM
Power Consumption: 750w
Electrical Requirements: 230VAC
Operating Temperature: 3°C to 40 ° C
System Operating Pressure: 30 PSIG
Frequency of pressurization & depressurization of zeolite container: 5 secs (Currently, experiments are going on)
Output Flow : Continuous (Non-Pulsating) | <urn:uuid:aaaf6fc3-fb40-4274-9e33-0c84a6cfbb62> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.technido.com/marut | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.890957 | 382 | 2.375 | 2 |
Is SB10 worth the cost?
This November, California voters will have the opportunity to vote on criminal justice reform and make a serious decision: should the state end the former cash bail system for a new risk assessment system? Proposition 25 is a referendum on Senate Bill 10 (SB10), which was signed by Gov. Jerry Brown in 2018 and created a risk assessment system to be used instead of bail. However, immediately after signing SB10, the bail industry filed a referendum on SB10, as this bill would have eliminated the cash bail industry in California. David Quintana, a lobbyist for the California Bail Agents Association said, “You don’t eliminate an industry and expect those people to go down quietly.” This political clash has led to Proposition 25, which allows California voters to decide on the measure.
Since 2018, the enactment of SB10 has been put on hold. Voting yes on Prop 25 would enact SB10, which would create a risk-based assessment system in local courts to determine whether a defendant should be jailed pretrial or not. The main concern with establishing Prop 25 is this aforementioned “risk-based assessment system.” Proponents of Prop 25 celebrate eliminating an outdated system that discriminates against racial and socioeconomic backgrounds.
Critics say that this risk-based assessment system does not solve anything, as it replaces cash bail with another arbitrary system. Knowing the pernicious effects of the cash bail system, should Californians vote yes on Prop 25?
California’s cash bail system, although controversial, has been relatively unchanged for decades. At its simplest terms, bail acts as a down deposit for court appearances. When charges are filed against a defendant, a judge decides whether to afford bail or not. The judge also decides the bail amount — a huge part of the controversy over cash bail. When the judge settles on an amount, the defendant can pay this amount as a guarantee that they will appear for all their court hearings and appointments. After they make all their necessary court appearances, their money will be returned to them. If they do not show up, the government will confiscate the amount. If a defendant cannot afford bail, their families can work through a bail bondsman who posts the full amount while the families pay a nonrefundable fee. This nonrefundable fee is known as a bond premium and is often 10-15 percent of the bail amount. The rest of the amount is collateral — such as a car — until the defendant finishes all their court appearances. If the defendant misses a court appearance, the bail bond company will recoup the collateral.
The current cash bail system has numerous criticisms leveled against it. First, those against a cash bail system say that it violates equal protection under the 14th Amendment. The 14th Amendment states, “No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” As cash bails are meant to be expensive to prevent defendants from fleeing, a cash bail system favors the rich. Citizens are not treated equally under the law if some, with wealthy backgrounds, can post bail and get out of jail, while the less fortunate others must wither in jail. The California Courts say that bail is meant to be a non-restrictive approach to assure appearance while maintaining a presumption of innocence. But often, defendants are not treated this way.
Some may have the perception that every defendant who has a cash bail set for them must be a threat to society — why else would a judge order bail? But the cash bail system is applied to numerous types of crime, not just violent offenses. Even for non-violent, minor crimes, people in California can face high bail fees. For example, in Alameda County, someone who violates traffic school can be arrested and have their bail set at more than $1,000. The price for selling fake CDs? It starts at $12,370. These numbers come from the bail schedule created by the county, but judges can set bail at their discretion. California needs to take a serious look at what would be effective strategies in public safety. What cash bail shows is how the judicial system punishes poor defendants.
Families are not the people that California should be punishing. And yet those are the ones who are punished when their loved ones are jailed and they cannot afford bail.
The California State Senator Robert Hertzberg, who introduced the bill said, “The goal is to create a system where freedom isn’t based on an individual’s ability to pay or put money into the pockets of “predatory lenders”.
Cash bail also disproportionately affects Black and Brown communities, who are also more likely to be jailed before trial. Young Black men are about 50 percent more likely to be detained pretrial than white defendants. An NYU study on racial disparities in bail sentencing found that Black defendants with a similar criminal history to White defendants will face higher bail amounts for the same charges. Latino defendants also faced similar discrimination. The study notes that this is due to judges having great legal discretion yet limited information about the defendant. This leads to judges using heuristics, based on racial stereotypes and biases, to make decisions.
It seems that ending the cash bail would be the best system for California, and it is not an unprecedented choice. In states that have enacted cash bail reform, crime has not dramatically increased but it has affected the amount of incarcerated individuals. An example is New Jersey: “’While getting rid of bail doesn’t necessarily impact crime, it does affect the number of people who end up with criminal records’, Horn said, ‘since innocent people who can’t afford bail have been known to take a plea just to get out of jail.'” To slow crime, reducing the number of people who end up with criminal records due to the fact that they cannot post bail or continue to wait in jail would help. These people will have a much better chance of keeping a job and their families intact if they do not have a criminal record. As previously stated, those who committed a violent crime will not be released by the Courts. The people who would not have criminal records would be low-risk defendants who showed up to their hearings and found not guilty or had their case dismissed.
Washington D.C. also has not had cash bail since the 1990s. “Last year, we released 94 percent of all the people that we arrested without using money. Eighty-eight percent made every single court appearance, and 86 percent were never arrested for any criminal offense of any kind. And of the very small percentage of people that were arrested in D.C. that we released, less than 2 percent were rearrested for a crime of violence.” Should California follow the lead of other states who have enacted cash bail reform and pass Proposition 25?
If Proposition 25 passes, SB10 creates a new department in California courts called Pretrial Assessment Services. This risk assessment would take into consideration the crime committed, the risk of failure to appear, and the location where the defendant was arrested. Low-risk defendants would be released and high-risk defendants would not be released. The medium risk would be released or detained, depending on the county. Under the current system, those who are detained under suspicion of committing acts of violence or sexual assault are not allowed bail. This would continue with the new risk-assessment system. The argument that violent felons would be released and threaten public safety is unfounded as well.
Cash bail also creates an unnecessary strain on the jail system, which is overcrowded and slow-moving. The defendant is still innocent as they have not been proved guilty yet, and instead, they have to be jailed for weeks because of limited economic means. By keeping people out of pretrial detention, California could potentially save millions of taxpayer dollars each year. Currently, two-thirds of the California jail population have not received a sentence. This population includes those who are eligible for release but have not because they cannot post bail, as well as those not eligible for release. If there could be a way to release defendants of non-violent crimes earlier, California could reduce its jailed population. However, it depends on if it could reduce the number of people detained for pretrial risk factors.
Would SB10 reduce the number of people in pretrial detention? SB10 would create a pretrial division to judge risk, but this could be an additional roadblock that would slow court processes by having another place accused have to stop by. If it takes many years for a case to reach trial, how long will it take for a defendant to be heard by risk assessment? Another criticism of SB10 is that it gives judges the ability to jail defendants without a clear reason. “With the old system, judges set high bail knowing it will keep people locked up; with Proposition 25 they can just order someone locked up without even setting an amount,” said John Raphling, senior researcher on the criminal legal system for Human Rights Watch. The huge issue is that the proposed risk assessment system does not give a clear definition of detention. If judges can use pretrial assessment to continue to jail numerous defendants without a clear avenue for release, California fails to solve anything.
The glaring concern with SB10, or a Yes vote on Prop 25, is that it leaves too much room for inconsistencies. For example, the risk assessment for someone deemed “medium risk” differs from county to county. This means that someone who is arrested in Compton would have a different risk assessment than someone who is arrested in Pasadena. The 14th Amendment protects people’s rights to equal protection under the law and to have the right to a fair trial. As pretrial risk assessment systems differ from county to county, this is not a consistent treatment for all Californians. This new system would likely operate on socioeconomic lines again, so this referendum does not solve the problem of treating all Californians alike (the main critique of cash bail). Also, the fact that the Risk Assessment Department and judges can adjust to their discretion means that there is room for these systems to exercise bias. It has been shown that racial bias is extremely harmful in the judicial process in pretrial detention. Black defendants are more likely to be charged with monetary bail than White defendants, and the amount is likely to be greater as well. SB10 does not give a clear way it would address this mismatch of justice. SB10 would continue to give space for judicial bias disguised as judicial discretion.
Concern for inconsistent treatment exists in the current system; it is not a problem of cash bail or risk assessment, but rather a larger institutional issue. Risk assessment does not solve how arbitrary judicial hunches can be. While it is fair to criticize how SB10 does not outline how counties remain consistent, the bail set for you today already depends on the judge that hears your case and the color of your skin. The county you are arrested by police in also has differing bail schedules.
In conclusion, SB10 fails to address some of the most salient issues of cash bail — the inconsistent rulings and racial divide in our judicial system. Abolishing cash bail will increase the equal treatment of the rich and poor, but not erase racial bias within the risk-assessment process. Still, it is important to recognize how the cash bail system extorts people and the benefit of replacing it. California should continue to have these difficult conversations about reforming criminal justice. While SB10 is not the answer to creating a more just legal system, it is a step in the right direction. | <urn:uuid:b50189cc-1a8f-4a1b-8fd8-fef3b726e1b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bpr.berkeley.edu/2020/10/11/on-the-ballot-prop-25/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.964818 | 2,399 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Diagnosing And Treatment Of Adhesive Capsulitis Or ‘Frozen Shoulder’
Q: My shoulder is so stiff. I was hoping it would get better but it has not. What could it be?
A: Often called a stiff or “frozen shoulder,” adhesive capsulitis occurs in about 2 to 5 percent of the general population. It affects women more than men and typically occurs in people who are over the age of 45. Of the people who have had adhesive capsulitis in one shoulder, 20 to 30 percent will get it in the other shoulder.
Adhesive capsulitis is the stiffening of the shoulder due to scar tissue, which results in painful movement and loss of motion. The actual cause of adhesive capsulitis is a matter for debate. Some believe it is caused by inflammation, such as when the lining of a joint becomes inflamed (synovitis), or by autoimmune reactions, where the body launches an “attack” against its own substances and tissues. Other possible causes include:
Reactions after an injury or surgery
Pain from other conditions – such as arthritis, a rotator cuff tear, bursitis, or tendinitis – that has caused you to stop moving your shoulder
Immobilization of your arm, such as in a sling, after surgery or fracture
Often, however, there is no known reason why adhesive capsulitis starts.
Q: If I don’t address this shoulder problem, will it get worse?
A: Most people with adhesive capsulitis have worsening pain and then a loss of range of movement. Adhesive capsulitis can be broken down into 4 stages, and your physical therapist can help determine what stage you are in:
STAGE 1 –
During this stage, it may be difficult to identify your problem as adhesive capsulitis. You’ve had symptoms for one to three months, and they’re getting worse. There is pain with active movement and passive motion – movements that a physical therapist does for you. The shoulder usually aches when you’re not using it, but pain increases and becomes “sharp” with movement.
You’ll have a mild reduction in motion during this period, and you’ll protect the shoulder by using it less. The movement loss is most noticeable in “external rotation” – this is when you rotate your arm away from your body – but you might start to lose motion when you raise your arm – called “flexion and abduction” – or reach behind your back – called “internal rotation.” You’ll have pain during the day and at night.
STAGE 2 – ‘FREEZING’
By this stage, you’ve had symptoms for three to nine months, most likely with a progressive loss of shoulder movement and an increase in pain – especially at night. The shoulder still has some range of movement, but this is limited by both pain and stiffness.
STAGE 3 – ‘FROZEN’
Your symptoms have persisted for nine to 14 months, and you have greatly decreased range of shoulder movement. During the early part of this stage, there is still a substantial amount of pain. Toward the end of this stage, however, pain decreases, with the pain usually occurring only when you move your shoulder as far you can move it.
STAGE 4 – ‘THAWING’
You’ve had symptoms for 12 to 15 months, and there is a big decrease in pain, especially at night. You still have a limited range of movement, but your ability to complete your daily activities involving overhead motion is improving at a rapid rate.
Q: How can a physical therapist help?
A: Your physical therapist’s overall goal is to restore your movement so that you can perform your activities and life roles. Once the evaluation process has identified the stage of your condition, your therapist will create an exercise program tailored to your needs. Exercise has been found to be most effective for those who are in stage 2 or higher.
STAGES 1 AND 2
Your physical therapist will help you maintain as much range of motion as possible and will help reduce the pain. Your therapist may use a combination of stretching and manual therapy techniques to increase your range of motion. The therapist also may decide to use treatments such as heat and ice to help relax the muscles prior to other forms of treatment. The therapist will give you a home exercise program designed to help reduce the loss of motion.
The focus of treatment will be on the return of motion, with your therapist using more aggressive stretching and manual therapy techniques. You may begin some strengthening exercises as well, and your home exercise program will change to include these exercises.
In the final stage, your therapist will focus on the return of “normal” shoulder body mechanics and your return to normal, everyday, pain-free activities. The therapist will continue to use stretching, strength training and a variety of manual therapy techniques.
Sometimes, conservative care cannot reduce the pain. If this happens to you, your physical therapist may refer you for an injection of anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving medication into the joint space. Research has shown that although these injections don’t provide longer-term benefit for range of motion and don’t shorten the duration of the condition, they do offer short-term benefit in reducing pain.
Q: Can this condition be prevented?
A: The cause of adhesive capsulitis is debatable, with no definitive cause, so there is no known method of prevention. The onset is usually gradual, with the disease process needing to “run its course.”
REAL LIFE EXPERIENCES
Cheryl L. is 47-year-old woman whose physical therapist has diagnosed her with adhesive capsulitis. She has no history of trauma and reports a slow onset of pain that increased over the past six months. She says that it significantly affects her sleep.
Her pain is accompanied by a loss of range of movement that has now progressed to the point where she can’t lift her arm to shoulder level. Her therapist provides heat treatments to relax her muscles and designs a home-exercise program to help stall the loss of motion. He monitors Cheryl periodically, encouraging her to continue with the home exercises despite the pain. Treatment in the physical therapy clinic consists of stretches performed by the therapist, who also mobilizes the joint to help maintain its current range of motion. At this stage, the therapist focuses the manual therapy not on increasing range of motion but on mobilizing the joint to reduce pain and reduce the amount of range of motion that is lost.
When Cheryl progresses into stage 3 – “frozen” – her visits to the physical therapist are increased. The therapist uses stretching and manual therapy techniques to improve her range of motion. After four weeks of treatment, Cheryl reports minimal pain, and her range of motion is beginning to increase rapidly. Her therapy is reduced to weekly visits and then to twice-monthly visits. Fourteen months after the onset of her condition, her range of motion returns to normal, and her pain has stopped. Cheryl’s progress is rapid, and the therapist credits this to her full participation in her exercise program.
This story was based on a real-life case. Your case may be different.
Q: What kind of physical therapist do I need?
A: All physical therapists are prepared through education and experience to treat people who have frozen shoulder, or adhesive capsulitis. You may want to consider:
A physical therapist who is experienced in treating people with orthopedic, or musculoskeletal, problems.
Your physical therapist will tailor a treatment program to your specific case.
General tips when you’re looking for a physical therapist:
Get recommendations from family and friends or from other health care providers.
During your first visit with the physical therapist, be prepared to describe your symptoms in as much detail as possible, and say what makes your symptoms worse.
Chautauqua Physical & Occupational Therapy is celebrating 18 years of serving our community. We are located in the Riverwalk Center, are therapist owned and are the only outpatient clinic in the area to offer free consultations. Call us at 488-2322 or visit www.chautauquapt.com. Reference: www.moveforwardpt.com – American Physical Therapy Association | <urn:uuid:8ebe665d-70f7-4695-9796-12638510780e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://content.post-journal.com/?p=634787/Diagnosing-And-Treatment-Of-Adhesive-Capsulitis-Or--Frozen-Shoulder-.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00567-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955856 | 1,741 | 2.265625 | 2 |
A total of 18 people have been admitted at Engari community health centre III in Kazo County, Kiruhura district after reportedly consuming beef of cows that succumbed to Anthrax.
18 people are admitted at Engari community health centre III in Kazo County, Kiruhura district after getting infected by Anthrax.
Justine Turyabaho, a health worker at Engari Health Centre III, says that since last week, they have been receiving people with blisters on their hands and heads, which are some of the signs of anthrax.
Turyabaho says that patients could have eaten meat of cows that succumbed to Anthrax.
Dr Ivan Kamya, the District Health Officer says that they have embarked on a sensitization campaign to discourage locals from consuming meat from the dead animals.
He however says that the situation is under control.
Anthrax is an infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis. It normally affects animals especially goats, cattle, sheep and horses but can also be transmitted to human beings who eat meat of an infected animal.
According to the World Health Organisation-WHO, humans acquire the disease directly or indirectly from infected animals or occupational exposure to infected or contaminated animal products.
Last week, the Ministry of Health denied reports that there was an anthrax outbreak in the country in the districts of Kween and Arua. | <urn:uuid:17391a0a-9a64-4a1a-8416-3c730c15cd64> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://direct.ugandaradionetwork.com/story/anthrax-infects-18-in-kiruhura | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.965018 | 281 | 2.265625 | 2 |
The University of Mount Union Library provides access to these resources for use by Mount Union students, faculty and staff. Indexes for general research are listed at the top of the page with subject specific resources below. Off-campus access is possible using your name and barcode as found on your Purple Plus Card (barcode number begins 27048, please use the entire number). Please direct questions you may have about these resources to a University Librarian at 330-823-3795 or 330-257-5742 (texting).
General Research Databases:
- Academic Search Complete
- Index, abstracts, and full text for many scholarly publications covering all academic areas of study
- Academic Video Online: Premium
- A multidisciplinary collection of streaming video featuring over 50,000 videos and growing
- EJC - Electronic Journal Center
Full text of 6000+ research journals
- Films on Demand
Over 8200 full-length streaming video programs from academic and commercial publishers including PBS, BBC, CNBC, Films for the Humanities and Sciences, Bill Moyers Journal, the News Hour with Jim Lehrer
- Image Quick View (searches Academic Search Complete)
- ISI Web of Knowledge
Portal to Web of Science, providing high quality, diversified scholarly information in the sciences, social sciences, and arts and humanities
Full text scholarly journals in the Arts & Sciences, Business, Language and Literature
- Lexis Nexis Academic
Full text news, business, legal, medical, and reference information
- Media Education Foundation
Streaming videos for the arts and sciences
- NYTimes.com - online version of The New York Times
- Digital access requires an account which user MUST set up at www.NYTIMES.com/Pass using their Mount Union email address
- Once account is created and verified user will have access for 364 days using that account information – please renew password from the UMU Library website when account expires using links on Library webpages for Subject Research or Newspapers
- Users will have unlimited access to The New York Times archived articles before 1923 and after 1980. Access during those years is limited to 5 free articles per day.
- NYTimesinEducation.com - user must create their own login account to use this resource.
- Sage Stats
A download and visualization tool for data about U.S. states, counties, cities, metropolitan areas, and governments covering topics such as employment, crime, religion, education, politics, business and industry.
Art Research Databases:
- Art & Architecture Complete
- Art Full Text
- Art Index Retrospective (1929-1984)
- DRC: Digital Resource Commons
- Gross Anatomy Dissector
Online Guided Gross Anatomy Dissector provides the anatomy as a first-year medical student would encounter and use it in an online teaching and learning environment. PLEASE GO TO THE SECTION “SITE LICENSE ACCESS FOR UNIVERSITY OF MOUNT UNION” TO FIND THE LINK FOR ACCESS TO THE DATABASE
- Humanities International Complete
provides bibliographic references to literary, scholarly and creative journals published in the United States and Canada; this database covers over 1,700 journals and more than 1.5 million records
- Online Galley of Public Art
Works of art commissioned and preserved by the General Services Administration, U.S. Federal Government; Art is displayed in, on, and outside federal buildings throughout the United States.
- Primal 3D Anatomy - Anatomy.tv
Access is available for 5 users at one time – please remember to logoff when done so others may have access – Thank you!
- Safari Books Online
Full text books for computing technologies | <urn:uuid:b572a515-85fa-4d72-874c-c345fcd6b85a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mountunion.edu/art-17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00555-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.858636 | 763 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Domestic Workers Unite: A Guide for Building Collective Power to achieve Rights and Protections for Domestic Workers
A joint Guide by the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC), International Domestic Workers Federation (IDWF) & ILO's Global Action Programme on Migrant Domestic Workers and their Families (ILO-GAP).
Training Material, Guides, Organizing/Educational Materials
This Guide aims to inspire and support domestic workers, their union and union activists and leaders to continue and strengthen their advocacy campaigns.
- The first chapter describes the path towards the adoption of C189.
- A brief history of the IDWF and their plans for the next years is provided in chapter 2.
- In the next chapter we feature ITUC’s 12 + 12 campaign.
- Chapter 4 provides an overview of countries that have ratified C189 and adopted labour-law reforms since 16 June 2011.
- In Chapter 5, we present a number of advocacy campaigns which have paved the way to rights and protections of domestic workers.
- Chapters 6 and 7 captures the key strategies to build advocacy campaigns and organise domestic workers.
- Resources are listed in chapter 8 and include a list of our publications, links to social media – where you can share your story – and our contact information. | <urn:uuid:566e2033-a50e-4bc6-a22c-c800ebf78cdc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://idwfed.org/en/resources/domestic-workers-unite-a-guide-for-building-collective-power-to-achieve-rights-and-protections-for-domestic-workers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00308-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.896022 | 261 | 2.515625 | 3 |
A ruling by the EU’s highest court could found that Facebook and similar platforms can be ordered to remove illegal content worldwide. The social media giant may also have to seek out similar examples to remove them before they’re reported.
An EU member state can order removal if the content is found to be illegal, extending it to a worldwide takedown if there’s a relevant treaty or international law in place. The CJEU ruling follows a case surrounding Austrian Green Party politician Eva Glawischnig-Piesczek, who complained to Facebook Ireland over a post that defamed her.
The fact Facebook will have to actively seek out and remove similar content is a major change here. Previously, it was only liable for specific content that it knew of (reposts would have to be individually identified), but that’s no longer an exemption. If it’s approached with a court order saying a user has been defamed, it will now have to proactively search for different variations of that content.
Facebook said the judgment “Undermines the longstanding principle that one country does not have the right to impose its laws on speech on another country”, and some privacy campaigners echoed sentiments about free speech.
One of those was privacy charity Article 19, who’s executive director said, “This judgment has major implications for online freedom of expression around the world”.
What’s the Impact of Free Speech?
Particular concern surrounds the fact Glawischnig-Piesczek’s complaint was politics-related. Some are worried such a law could limit user’s freedom of expression, even in private groups, especially if an automated AI system is involved.
However, some experts are less concerned. According to the Times, Cambridge University’s David Erdos said that he believes the opinion is narrowly crafted and urges national courts to weigh bans carefully against international laws. It will likely take courts some time to work out exactly where they stand.
While the word ‘equivalent’ is admittedly vague, according to the judgment, courts will have to name specific elements that were part of the previous injunction.
“…provided that the monitoring of and search for the information concerned by such
an injunction are limited to information conveying a message the content of which remains essentially unchanged compared with the content which gave rise to the finding of illegality
and containing the elements specified in the injunction,” reads the ruling.
Likewise, posts that are simply defamous are unlikely to be removed across the board due to a lack of an international legal framework.
Facebook is unable to appeal against the ruling, and both it and some privacy campaigners believe more clarity is required surrounding the definitions or equivalent and identical content. | <urn:uuid:fa526f5d-14be-4582-9e64-e470b983d6f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://winbuzzer.com/2019/10/04/facebook-can-now-be-forced-to-remove-illegal-content-worldwide-xcxwbn/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.954135 | 568 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Matching family tree profiles for Admiral George W. Anderson, Jr., Chief of Naval Operations
About Admiral George W. Anderson, Jr., Chief of Naval Operations
George Whelan Anderson, Jr. (December 15, 1906 – March 20, 1992) was an Admiral in the United States Navy. He served as the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) between 1961 and 1963, and was in charge of the U.S. blockade of Cuba during the 1962 Cuban missile crisis.
Early life and career
A native of Brooklyn, New York, George Whelan Anderson, Jr. entered the United States Naval Academy in 1927 and graduated with the class of 1930. After graduation he became a Naval Aviator and served on cruisers and aircraft carriers, including the USS Cincinnati.
In World War II he served as the navigator on the fourth USS Yorktown. After the war he served as the Commanding Officer of the escort carrier USS Mindoro and of the USS Franklin D. Roosevelt. He also served tours as an assistant to General Dwight D. Eisenhower at the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, special assistant to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Radford and as Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief Pacific.
As a flag officer he commanded Task Force 77 between Taiwan and mainland China, Carrier Div 6 in the Mediterranean during the 1958 Lebanon landing and as a vice admiral, commanded the United States Sixth Fleet.
As Chief of Naval Operations in charge of the United States' quarantine of Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, Admiral Anderson distinguished himself in the Navy's conduct of those operations; Time magazine featured him on the cover and called him "an aggressive blue-water sailor of unfaltering competence and uncommon flair." He had, however, a contentious relationship with Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara, who viewed Anderson's behavior as mutinous. McNamara sabotaged his 36-year Navy career, and cut his service as Chief of Naval Operations short in 1963. Many had believed Anderson's next appointment would have been to Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
Other public service and post-Navy career
After early retirement due to conflict with Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara during the Cuban missile crisis, President John F. Kennedy appointed Admiral Anderson Ambassador to Portugal, where he served for three years and encouraged plans for the peaceful transition of Portugal's African colonies to independence. He later returned to Government service from 1973 to 1977 as member and later chairman of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board.
After his retirement from the Navy, he was chairman of Lamar Corporation, an outdoor advertising company, and was a director on the boards of Value Line, National Airlines and Crown Seal and Cork.
Family and last years
His first wife, Muriel Buttling, died in 1947. His two sons, George W. Anderson III and Thomas Patrick Anderson (who flew more than 200 combat missions in Vietnam) are also deceased.
Admiral Anderson died March 20, 1992 of congestive heart failure at the age of 85. He was survived by his second wife of 44 years, the former Mary Lee Sample; a daughter, a stepdaughter, 12 grandchildren and 4 great-grandchildren. He was buried on March 23, 1992 in Section 1 of Arlington National Cemetery. | <urn:uuid:7dc342a7-c307-463c-9f65-8f5695772ca2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.geni.com/people/General-George-W-Anderson-Jr-Chief-of-Naval-Operations/6000000015828604843 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00138-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976268 | 664 | 2.1875 | 2 |
U.S. 1st Army conducts memorial ceremony, at site of first U.S. cemetery, Omaha Beach, Normandy, France, in World War II
Normandy France Date:1944, June 10 Duration:2 min 2 sec Sound:NO SOUND
Memorial Ceremony (including Roman Catholic Mass) for fallen U.S. troops,on June 10, 1944 during World War 2. The location is Omaha Beach, St. Laurent sur Mer, Normandy France, where the U.S. 1st Army established the first American military cemetery in France, during World War II. U.S. troops line the area. An altar is set up on the hood of a jeep parked in the sand. An Army Colonel standing in rear of the jeep reads from a notebook. Soldiers all stand with heads bowed. Among them are African American soldiers of the 320th Battalion. A Chaplain's assistant sits at a keyboard instrument next to the jeep. A Roman Catholic Army Chaplain in white clerical robes conducts a mass. Numerous grave markers can be seen in the distant background. Several French civilians stand with the soldiers, who bow heads in prayer. The Chaplain administers holy communion to kneeling soldiers. A French civilian woman places flowers near recent temporary grave markers of U.S. fallen (stakes bearing their dog tags). A color guard stands with American flag, as squad of riflemen fire gun salutes. Three French civilians stand by the flowers. U.S. Army bugler blows taps. All present salute the fallen. Some indivual soldiers walk to the markers of their buddies.
This historic stock footage available in HD and SD video. View pricing below video player.
Have a correction or more info about this clip? Edit Now | <urn:uuid:8d5be7cf-3251-41ed-b0f3-7fb6c2f95222> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.criticalpast.com/video/65675060423_Military-Chaplain_funeral-services_graves-of-dead-United-States-soldiers_Eucharist | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720238.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00190-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920518 | 358 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Aspects of New Zealand History
THE MAORI KING
In April 1854, a month before the first Parliament met in Auckland, a very different but scarcely less important gathering assembled at Manawapou, an obscure spot in southern Taranaki. There the Ngatituanui tribe had built a very large meeting house called Taiporohenui, a name which was supposed to come from ancestral Hawaiki, and meant 'the finishing of the work'. The business which the conveners hoped to bring to an end was colonization.
About a thousand Maoris from the tribes of southern Taranaki, together with some from Wellington Province, met to discuss the problems caused by the coming of Europe, and especially by the steady loss of Maori land to the settlers. to open the proceedings a chief chanted a magical incantation to bring about the fall of the Europeans; but the Ngatiruanui meant to achieve that result by more direct means. They wanted to secure an inter-tribal agreement to stop sales of land to the Taranaki settlers south of their existing boundary at Tataraimaka. some hotheads went further and proposed that the white men should be driven off lands which they had already purchased in Taranaki. One chief, Paratene Te Kopara, held up a tomahawk and cried, 'This is Okurukuru!' Matene Te Whiwhi, a Christian chief from Otaki, near Wellington, rose to ask, 'Was that land paid for?' When told that it was, he said, 'It is wrong, Leave that for your Pakeha (white) kinsmen. But, as to land not yet sold, retain that.' Then the hatcher, an as yet unbloodied symbol of death to the settlers, was thrown away.
In later years the settlers came to believe that a conspiracy was hatched against them at Manawapou; that the Maoris had formed a 'land-league ... a war league, a league of blood and death'. In fact, according to a missionary and a government land purchase agent, who had early news of the meeting, no agreement was made. The gathering broke up after the visitors had eaten so much food that they left their hosts hungry as well as disappointed. A Maori spy, who 'represented' the land agent at the meeting, said it was all 'protruding tongues, contortions (a reference to a Maori dance), spears and guns', a hopeless muddle with 'not a chief to direct the proceedings'. Moreover, the Maoris spoke not of a 'land league' - a European term - but of he tikanga pakeke, an obstinate plan, or policy, to withhold land from the Europeans. Nevertheless, the Manawapou meeting was of considerable importance it was the first of a series of great inter-tribal meetings which marked the rise of a Maori national movement and led, in 1858, to the election of a Maori King. though there was peace between the two races, in the late eight4een fifties they began to go along divergent political paths. The outcome, in 1860, was warfare on a much greater scale than before.
Beneath all the friendship between Maoris and settlers, underlying all their mutually advantageous relations, thee lay the stubborn fact that they were rivals for the possession of the land. To some extent, as agriculturists, they competed directly for the good arable land; but in general the uses to which they put the land were incompatible. The two ways of life could not indefinitely co-exist. The Maoris cultivated small areas, while relying on the extensive forests for berry, bird and root; th settlers burned forest and fern, then planted grass-seed in the rich ashes. To the settlers, land and money; but to the Maoris it was life itself and more. It is impossible to exaggerate their love for their tribal lands, scene of a thousand ancestral deeds or ancient legends which were recounted endlessly and in loving detail in the houses of learning and on the village marae (plaza).
The most direct, most persistent, most urgent source of nationalist sentiment among the Maoris was the fact that they were losing much of their land by sale to the Government. Some of the influential chiefs in the eighteen-forties, such as Te Rauparaha, had opposed land sales, but in the next decade this attitude became much more general. As the settlements became firmly established and prosperous, the rate of immigration rose steeply, so that the demand for land increased proportionately. It increased, indeed, disproportionately. In Auckland, the land speculators, who had bought much of the available crown lands, were asking such absurd prices that, while thousands of acres lay vacant, new immigrants urged the Government to buy more Maori land so that they could get it at the rate of five or ten shillings an acre laid down by Grey's ordinance of 1853.
The head of the native land Purchase Department, a shrewd and strong-willed Scot, Donald McLean, found himself under constant pressure to speed up the land purchase procedure. With Grey's strong hand no longer in control, complaints were heard that the department was becoming less scrupulous about its methods. Formerly the consent of the tribe had been required for all purchases, but McLean now began, on occasion, to accept offers made by chiefs or small groups owners. where influential chiefs supported him, he could sometimes ignore claimants who declined to sell; but such methods, successful or not, caused much hostility and suspicion. As the Maoris watched the white frontier encroaching on their soil, they grew increasingly uneasy about their future. The European rat, they told one another, had eaten up the Maori rat; the European dog had displaced the kuri. Would they, they asked, be in fact, have a future, by joining the anti-land-selling movement, which, they hoped, would stem the tide of settlement before their land, if not their race, was submerged. for ever.
Some Maoris had a large aim than to form anti-land-selling agreements. As early as 1847 Grey, remarking on the decline of the 'mutual jealousies and animosities' between the tribes and on the rise of 'a feeling of class or race', observed that many of the younger chiefs 'entertained the design ... to set up some national government'. The first clear information we have of such an intention concerns two remarkable young chiefs, Tamihana Te Rauparaha, a son of the old savage, and Matene Te Whiwhi, who lived at Otaki. In 1839, after encountering an ex-slave who had been converted to Christianity, they travelled to the Bay of Islands to beg for a missionary, and carried back with them the young Octavius Hadfield. Under his guidance they became, in the estimation of Europeans, the most civilized of their race. Thy were to be met, tail-coats and all, at Governors' balls. In 1851 TamihanaTe Rauparaha achieved the height of respectable colonial ambition by visiting England, where he was presented to the Queen. Thirty-odd years before, Hongi had met George IV and had returned with his armour and a cargo of muskets. Tamihana came back with a weapon much more dangerous to the British Empire, the notion of forming a Maori kingdom. In 1853, accompanied by Matene, he set out from Otaki to carry to the tribes a mystical doctrine of Maori unity. Even Grey and Bishop Selwyn, encountering the young chiefs on their journey, failed to see where it would end.
The kotahitanga or 'unity' movement took shape at innumerable tribal or inter-tribal meetings, like that at Manawapou. the man who did most to mould it was a remarkable chief of the Ngarihaua tribe, Wiremu Tamihana, who earned the name of the 'king-maker', John Gorst, the English politician and the author of The Maori king (1864), wrote of him that he had met many statesmen in the course of his long life 'but none superior in intellect and character to this Maori chief, whom most people would look upon as a savage.' In about 1855 Wiremu Tamihana had sought government assistance in bringing law and order to the Waikato. Rebuffed, he directed his considerable talents to securing the election of a king. After further meetings and negotiations he was successful in 1858.
The first Maori King was an ancient Waikato chief, Te Wherowhero, who chose the title of Potatau I. He had his flag, his council of state, his code of laws, a 'King's Resident Magistrate', police, and even a surveyor. the lawmaking, the trials, the interminable meetings and debates, provided his followers with a satisfying and exciting activity which invested their lives with new purpose. The Kingites were not merely copying the settlers' political organization. Rather, European institutions were being grafted onto native foundations like the tribal rumanga (assembly). As with most similar movements thee was a conservative, then backward-looking strain in Maori nationalism. there was a revival of declining customs such as tattooing - Wirema Tamihana said he had searched the scriptures and found nothing against it. Some of the nationalists tried to induce their people to cease trading with the settlers and to abandon European agricultural techniques. The extreme Kingites were imitating European organization in the hope that it would enable them to bring European organization. In the hope that it would enable them to bring European political and cultural dominance to an end. A favourite Kingite song expresses with great force this rejection of Europe and antagonism on Europeans:
The 'diggings' referred to were the goldfields of Australia or perhaps Otago. some Maoris even hoped to drive the Europeans into the sea. Fortunately for the Europeans, many tribes did not share such aspirations; even within the King movement thee was deep division between the moderates ld by Wiremu Tamihana, and the anti-European extremists who followed Rewi, chief of the Ngatimaniapoto tribe. Traditional tribal rivalries, which had not been altogether reconciled by the doctrine of unity, were another source of division. The King reigned, but he did not rule his subject, who included most of the Waikato and Taupo Maoris, some from Hawkes Bay and the eastern coastal region, and, within a year or two, the tribes of south3rn Taranaki. In practice his kingdom was merely a loose federation of tribes, yet it represented a formidable opposition to the purposes of the settlers, for it was united by the resolution to sell to more land. The land of the Kingite chiefs was placed under the mana of the King; it was made tapu. Many Maoris who declined to do fearlty to the King, such as Wiremu Kingi of Waitata, were at one with the King party on this issue. In Taranaki and on the East Coast there were sporadic Maori feuds, during the fifties, between the 'land sellers' and the 'land holders'; but it seems probable that the great majority of Maoris, south of Auckland, sympathized with the latter party.
Settlement was the cause of Maori nationalism and provided it with an objective, to keep the land. The peace of God and British law and order made nationalism possible by making it safe for even more fundamental sense, paradoxical as it may sound, in which the Europeans created the Maori nation. Before the arrival of strangers from overseas among the warring tribes, the inhabitants of New Zealand were Atiawa or Ngapahi or Waikato. So far as is known, they had no name for their race: the word maori meant 'normal'. They applied the term to themselves only when, for the first time in their recollection, they encountered another race. The newcomers were of a different colour. From the highest to the lowest these white men (Pakeha) assumed their superiority to the Maori. The enlightened and evangelical saw their superiority merely as one of civilisation; but most of the settlers were unenlightened, never having felt the gentle touch of humanitarianism. In their European b cultural baggage they brought a very different attitude towards the Maoris. They called these brown folk, whom they regarded as dirty, degraded, lazy, and immoral, 'blacks' or 'niggers'. They despised them, but in many parts of the country they also feared and hated them. there is no need, in an age which has seen so much of racialism, to labour the point, but it is useful to recall the observation of J.E. Gorst, that men who are habitually told that they emit a disagreeable smell, are not likely to feel a very strong affection towards the race that smells them'. On the Maori side, resentment and feelings of inferiority both fed the emotional springs of aggressive racialism. the European, as the Maoris saw him, was as unpleasant a figure as the settlers' stereotype Maori. He was greedy, arrogant, lacking in courtesy, selfish - in a word, 'individualistic'. He treated Maori women as prostitutes and, being without natural decency, deserted his half-caste children. He was, moreover, not half the warrior that the Maori was had not he been beaten by Home Heke and Te Rauparaha?
Some of the most intelligent of contemporary observers, both politicians and missionaries, interpreted the King movement not as a reaction against European influence, but as a consequence of the weakness of European political influence in Maori districts. The tribal system was falling into decline, they observed, but the Government was doing little to replace it with European political institutions. The King movement, in this view, was the creation of a people searching for law and order amidst the chaotic remnants of tribalism.
The explanation had mush to recommend it. It saw the King movement, not as a 'childish game', as Governor Gore Browne called it, not as a conspiracy, but as a brave attempt to meet the challenge of a changing world. There is no doubt that to some Kingite leaders, like Wirema Tamihana, the aim was to introduce some effective system of law and order. He complained that the Government had made no attempt to stop the 'river of blood' which flowed from Maori land-feuds. Nevertheless, this explanation reveals a fundamental misunderstanding of nationalism, which is never as rational as many Victorian gentlemen supposed. Good government has nowhere proved a cure for nationalism. Judging by experience elsewhere, it seems probable that the effective government of Maori districts, since it would have meant more interference with Maori society, would have intensified the nationalist reaction. In the nineteen-twenties, by trying to incorporate the village institutions in its machinery control, the New Zealand Government was to touch off a revolt in Samoa.
If such a view of Maori nationalism is accepted, it necessarily calls in question the whole basis of government native policy in New Zealand. Grey's policy had been to smooth over existing difficulties, while aiming at bringing racial friction to an end through the Europeanization of the Maoris. That the Maoris would eventually become brown Europeans had also been implicit in land policy, for on this assumption, they would eventually need less land. consequently, providing that purchases were fair and that adequate reserves were made, no harm was done if the settlers acquired a large proportion of the land. Some degree of Europeanization was, of course, inevitable, but missionaries, politicians and governors alike tended to assume that the faster the application of Grey's Europeanizing policy, the better it would be for both races. They assumed, in other words, that the way to cure the 'Maori problem' was to administer larger and more frequent doses of what was causing it - European influence.
In a matter so speculative it is not possible to reach a firm conclusion, but it seems reasonable to suggest that, at that stage of inter-racial relations, exactly the opposite policy would have been better; that what was needed was to minimize the pressure of European society on the Maoris, a result which might have been achieved by some degree of segregation. the possibility of introducing such a policy had been envisaged in the 1846 constitution and in that of 1852, both of which made provision for the declaration of native districts within which the Maoris could live in accordance with their own laws and customs, but it had been ignored. to have adopted a policy of partial segregation would have meant a reversal of current ideas about the possible speed of amalgamation. Moreover, it would have been difficult to apply, for any Maori districts which might be set up were bound to include lands, such as the banks of the Waitara and Waikato rivers, which the settlers particularly coveted. A modification of this policy was tried half-heartedly, in 1858 and in 1861, too late.
Apart from land purchase policy, the Government's native policy, which was restricted by a shortage of money and of qualified agents, did not cause Maori nationalism. The government failed, indeed, to exert any appreciable influence on the rate and direction of change in the Maori community. It still seemed not impossible, however, that the authorities could establish friendly relations with the King movement, or even guide it. But, owing to the extraordinary disorganisation in the administration of Maori affairs under Governor Core Browne, no attempt was made to do either.
Colonel Thomas Gore Browne was a pleasant well-meaning gentleman, straightforward, sincere and, in contrast to his predecessor, morally quite scrupulous. He had retired from the Indian army, and had come to New Zealand in 1855, after serving as Governor of St Helena, where, the Dictionary of National Biography tells us, he improved the water supply. He would have made an admirable, indeed a typical, Governor of New Zealand fifty or a hundred years later. He was the centre of the social life of the capital, popular with the crowds, regular at church. He lived his musical evenings in Government House and the society of gentlemen politicians such as F.D. Bell. But it was his misfortune to be appointed at a time when governors possessed power as well as influence, and in a situation of great stress, which called for energy, impartiality and discernment, he possessed none of the requisite qualities.
The new Governor was instructed to introduce responsible government: that is, to choose ministers who wee members of the House of Representatives, who enjoyed its support, and who should be responsible to it for their actions. There was no intention that this system, essentially the British cabinet system, should be applied to all departments of the administration. As in Canada, where responsible government had been introduced a few years previously, it was accepted that imperial (as opposed to domestic) affairs would still be controlled by the Governor on instructions from London. Gore Browne decided, as Grey had recommended, that Maori policy was an imperial responsibility. No such provision had been reserved to the Governor, but it seemed a reasonable decision. General native administration and land purchase wee closely allied. Imperial troops would be needed to protect the settlers in the event of a Maori revolt, which was a strong argument for giving the imperial authorities the right to determine Maori policy. Moreover, Gore Browne shared the misgivings of the humanitarians about giving the settlers the right to govern the Maoris. they would be likely, he wrote privately to the colonial Office, to take a 'one-sided view of native affairs'.
The Governor did not prove capable of exercising the power he had retained. he never learned to speak to the Maoris, nor could he mix with them happily. He never acquired more than a superficial knowledge of their customs. The day-to-day task of governing the Maoris on behalf of the Crown fell into the hands of Donald McLean, the Chief Land Purchase Commissioner, who also, at the first opportunity, appropriated the office of Native Secretary. This was a disastrous combination of functions which confirmed the Maori nationalists in their impression that the Government's Maori policy amounted to buying their land. Gore Browne left everything to his able and aggressive assistant. 'Pray push on your purchases if you find it practicable and let me know (at your leisure) what purchases you have made and where,' he wrote, and, on another occasion, 'You know how entirely I depend on you, and how ill I get on without you.'
The General Assembly was not entirely pleased with the Governor's control of native policy, nor at all happy about his delegation of authority to McLean. From 1856-60 the politicians conducted a campaign against the Governor and his assistant to secure as much influence over native policy as possible. the result was a stalemate in which each side tied the other down. the Assembly had the right to pass - or refuse to pass - legislation affecting the Maoris and to vote extra money for Maori policy. by a close scrutiny of native expenditure, it was able to restrict the efforts of the Native Department. When, in 1856, at McLean's instigation, the Governor asked for an increased grant in order to send more government agents into Maori districts, the Assembly refused. For his part, McLean was able to subvert ministerial policy simply by fading to carry it out.
In 1858 the ministry introduced a series of very important measures of Maori policy. One of those, avowedly an experiment, would have made it possible for Maori communal land holdings to be 'individualized', that is, divided up among the owners. It would then have been permissible for individual title-holders to sell direct to the settlers instead of to the Crown. this act, which is worth noting because it summed up what the ministers, the settlers, and even the Governor were all coming to regard as a necessary change in land policy, was for various reasons disallowed by the Crown. A second act was passed extending Grey's system of appointing magistrates in Maori districts. A third, the most important, was a response to the Maori King movement. On the advice of E.D. Fenton, the Native Secretary who had been ousted by McLean, the ministers tried to introduce a system of 'indirect rule' in the Waikato. The Governor-in-Council was empowered to pass regulations for Maori districts on the recommendation of the Maori tribal assemblies. It was intended to seek the co-operation of the Maoris and to give them a direct desire to formulating the law; it was hoped that it would be possible slowly to guide them into the British political and legal system. This policy, which arose from the view that the King movement was a result of the Government's failure to govern the Maoris, represented a compromise between complete segregation and rapid Europeanization. It was the most promising policy conceived in the colonial period. But, though the Governor as well as the ministers favoured it, it was not carried out.
Donald McLean believed that the best policy was to ignore the King movement. He had seen the Maoris make many unsuccessful attempts to form 'land leagues'. They lacked, he considered, the necessary powers of combination. If they were left to their own quarrels, in his judgement this new league would collapse too. Unfortunately he converted the governor to his opinion. 'Hoping rather than believing' that his assistance was right, Gore Browne adopted his policy of 'supreme indifference' and 'salutary neglect'. Despite the reasonableness of the governor's decision to reserve the control of Maori affairs to himself, it was a mistake. Had the setters' elected representatives been constitutionally responsible for Maori policy - and for the cost of any rebellion which might occur - they would have been forced to devote more serious attention to Maori affairs. The consequence of the division of legislative and executive powers was that nothing was done to extend Grey's measures, to apply new ones, or to come to terms with the Kingites.
While the government lay paralysed, the situation in the North Island grew rapidly more dangerous. A deterioration in racial relations became apparent in 1854: the year after Grey's departure, the year that Maori feuds began in Taranaki, the year of the first General Assembly and the first great inter-tribal anti-land-selling meeting. The European Parliament and the Maori King became the foci for the discontents of Pakeha and Maori. the creation of separate political organisations brought the conflict of interests between the races more clearly into the open. the growing Maori resistance to land sales coincided with a greatly increased demand by the settlers. The 1858 census revealed that the Europeans at last outnumbered the Maoris, a fact whose significance escaped another race.
There was a growing feeling that war was scarcely to be avoided. In March 1859, for example, Henry Sewell wrote in his diary that unless some new system of land purchase wee introduced, the end was certain: the settlers, outnumbering the Maoris, would not suffer their progress to be checked by an inferior race. they would, if necessary, take the lands, the Maoris would resist and be crushed or exterminated. On both sides there were many aggressive individuals who longed for war - unruly young Maoris who had grown up disciplined neither by their own nor European authority and who sought only excitement; frustrated settlers who delivered that 'moral force is moral humbug when addressed to savages'. The Maori wars, perhaps like all others, began in men's minds before they were fought out in the fern and the bush. the authorities were well aware of the increasing danger of war. In a dispatch in 1859 Gore Browne referred to the vast Maori lands in the North Island (only seven of twenty-six million acres had been purchased) and declared, 'the Europeans covet these lands and are determined to enter in and possess them - "recte si possint, si non, quocunque modo" (rightly, if possible, if not, then by any means at all).'
The imperial government, he wrote, had declared unequivocally that even colonization must be regarded as a consideration subordinate to the duty of maintaining the substantial rights of the aborigines, but it was his opinion that unless some means were devised of reconciling the interests of the two races, 'collision attended with calamity to one Race, and annihilation to the other' was inevitable. The only solution he could suggest was the one which had occurred to Sewell: more land purchases. the Maoris had more land than they needed; they must sell all they did not use. this was, of course, perfectly sound: after all, whenever thee is a danger of war, if one side gives in, peace is easily maintained. but how could it be brought about? In 1858 and 1859 Gore Browne became increasingly hostile to the Kingites and the anti-land-sellers, to whose turbulent and wrong-headed opposition he attributed all the tension in New Zealand.
The most threatening situation was in Taranaki, where there had been continual trouble since the almost simultaneous arrival of the first settlers and of parties of Ariawa returning from slavery or exile. Taranaki presented, in a concentrated form, all the most difficult problems of racial relations in the country. there the land problem had always been most acute. In 1854 it had led to a Maori feud when a 'land seller' attempted to sell some land to which a permanent 'land holder' had claims. the settlers ignored the fact that a disputed purchase had caused the fighting. they blamed their difficulties on a seditious 'land league' which allegedly killed any Maoris who tried to sell land. there is, in fact, no reason to suppose that this inter-tribal land league ever existed in Taranaki. Rather the evidence suggests that the attempts to form such a league had failed dismally. Opinion in ach tribe was deeply divided. But the settlers were faced with a phenomenon quite as formidable as a 'land league', if less dramatic: according to the local newspaper the anti-land-selling Maoris were in a majority of about five to one.
From 1854 to 1858, while the feud went on, murders, sieges and skirmishes, on or near the settlers' land, kept the province in a perpetual uproar. colonel Wynyard, who was the Administrator of the colony in the interval between Grey's and Gore Browne's governorships, adopted a policy of non-interference, which Gore Browne continued. since there were insufficient troops to enforce law and order, there was no real alternative to neutrality. But he settlers made no pretence of being impartial. they helped the 'land sellers' with supplies of ammunition and medicine, while calling on the government to send troops to repress the 'land holders'. 'Are we, the sons of the greatest nation of the earth,' a correspondent in the local Heralds asked, 'for ever to knuckle under to a parcel of savages?' There were many proposals, even one from a missionary, that the government should confiscate the lands of Wiremu Kingi and other chiefs who opposed land sales. The Provincial council, in 1858, petitioned the Government to abandon the system of requiring the assent of every claimant before making a purchase of land. Instead, it urged, the Government should divide disputed land and buy whatever proportion belonged to the 'friendlies' or 'the progress party', as the settlers called 'land sellers'.
The Governor flat refused to accede to this request, which meant buying land without the consent of all the owners 'for the whole of the Maori Race maintain the right of the Minority to prevent the sale of land, held in common, with the utmost jealousy.' But the Government could see that the settlers were becoming desperate. They were short of capital as well as land. A depression in agricultural prices, in 1856, had hit them hard. To change over to pastoral farming seemed their only hope. Consequently they were more anxious than ever to acquire the open coastal land towards Waitara. thee was imminent danger that, as they frequently threatened, they would intervene in the feuds to help 'land sellers', particularly since, in 1858, these Maoris seemed likely to be exterminated. the chance that some settler, seeing the Maoris fighting on his land, would fire a round or two on behalf of the 'land sellers', was considerable.
In 1858 the Executive Council decided to announce that any Maoris fighting on European land would be treated as rebels. The authorities realized that such an order was risky, for, if the Maoris disobeyed it would have to be enforced by the military. They decided, however, that the risk of insisting on this minimum of law and order was less than the likely consequences of continuing the policy of neutrality. In March 1859 the Governor intervened in person. He went down to New Plymouth and at a meeting at Maoris announced the decision of the Executive Council. He added a few remarks on the subject of land purchase, advising the Maoris to sell their unoccupied land. He assured them that he would buy no land unless the owners agreed to sell, but that, on the other hand, he 'would not permit anyone to interfere in the safe of land unless he owned part of it'.
Immediately McLean had finished reading a translation of the governor's speech, a Maori named Teira (Taylor) stood up and offered to sell land at the mouth of the Waitara. The Governor, after consulting with McLean and the Native Minister, accepted the offer subject to confirmation of Teira's title. Teira then laid a parawai, a bordered mat, at the Governor's feet, as a symbol that he placed the land in his hands. Wiremu Kingi, the principal chief at the Waitara, objected to the sale, and, accompanied by most of his tribe, marched off in a huff. A few days later Gore Browne explained to the settlers that, if Wirema Kingi should have a 'joint interest' in the land, it would not be purchased without his consent, but that he would not allow him to 'exercise his right of chieftainship' to prevent the sale.
The Governor had come to the conclusion that the Taranaki feuds, the shortage of lands for settlement, and therefore the danger of war, wee all due to the illegitimate interference of non-owners, whether Kingites, 'land leaguers', or chiefs, in land sales. he hoped that, by refusing to permit Kingi to bully Teira, he would be striking at the cause of the tension in the North Island. If he could resist unjust interference with Maori owners who wished to sell their land, while at the same time repudiating the demands of the settlers that he buy Maori land without waiting for the consent of all the owners, he might secure more land and establish a lasting peace.
This was how this policy in Taranaki appeared to Gore Browne. What he was actually doing was very different. to deny the rights of chiefs to a voice in land sales, on behalf of the tribe, was to abandon the established procedure of the Land Purchase Department. If the Government refused to hear the tribe speaking through the chiefs, there was no alternative but to buy land from any groups of Maori 'owners' who agreed to sell, which was not far from what the settlers had been demanding. The governor was agreeably surprised by his sudden popularity in New Plymouth. It is abundantly clear, from his public utterances and private journals, that he had no idea that he was introducing a revolution in land purchase methods. Although the rights of chiefs in land sales had been pointed out to him by a Board of Inquiry into Native Affairs which he had set up in 1856, he did not understand this fundamental aspect of Maori land tenure. he realized that Maori land was owned in common, but he did not realize that it belonged to the tribe as a whole, not merely to the hereditary occupants. His ignorance of the rights of the tribe and the chiefs was inexcusable; but he also imagined that the land-selling Maoris were in a majority, though too intimidated by the anti-landsellers to speak out. his was an error which was extremely dangerous. The Waitara purchase was not, however, merely a tragedy of good intentions thwarted by ignorance. From first to last Gore Browne was badly advised - or not advised.
When the Governor went to New Plymouth he had no intention of buying land. It would have been very foolish of him to have thought of doing so at the very moment when he was trying to stop the feuds. When Teira offered him land he was taken aback, though he would scarcely refuse it, having just advised the Maoris to sell more land. Quite unintentionally, he found himself involved in the most difficult aspect of racial relations, a land purchase agent, were, however, well aware of Teira's impending offer - indeed they had been busily engaged for two years to promoting it. They did not warn the Governor that his remarks on land purchase might be followed by Teira's offer, might indeed be interpreted as encouraging him to make it. Nor did McLean correct the Governor's error about the land rights of chiefs, though none knew them better than he.
After the meeting in New Plymouth McLean continued, as in the past, to act quite independently. the governor had emphasized that if Kingi were an 'owner', by which he meant if the chief had a joint claim based on a hereditary right of usufruct, the purchase would be given up. this was not, however, what McLean told Kingi. he informed him that if he owned any 'pieces' within the land owned by Teira, they would be excluded from the purchase. McLean proposed, in other words, to partition Maori land, as the local Provincial council had recently demanded. this move cut off the governor's retreat, for now it seemed to Kingi that he could not stop the sale either by speaking for the tribe or by laying claim to part of the land. he contented himself with a proud assertion of his right, on behalf of the tribe, to refuse the sale. He wrote to the Governor saying, 'I will not agree to our bedroom being sold (I mean Waitara here), for this bed belongs to the whole of us. ... All I have to way to you, O Governor, is that none of this land will be given to you, never, never, not till I die.' this simply confirmed the Governor, who had been affronted by Kingi's behaviour in walking out of his meeting, in his impression that Kingi was an impudent bully who imagined that he could defy him.
The investigation of the title to the Waitra by McLean and Parris was a farce. Most of the authorities, from the Governor down (on McLean's advice), assumed that Kingi had no claims to make. Gore Browne felt himself 'pledged to effect the purchase', and on several occasions urged Parris to hasten his inquiries as much as was prudent. Parris eventually decided that the title of Teira, and his few supporters, was in order. In November they wee paid an installment of the purchase money. Parris wrote to McLean asking him to come and conclude the deal. 'Now is the time for turning the tables - a little show of determination with the present favourable change, will settle the whole question if some liberal provision of land is made for all.'
It is now known that Wiremu Kingi, and a considerable number of other Maoris who refused to sell, had hereditary claims to parts of the block of land offered to the Government by Teira. The latter had quarreled with his chief over a woman, and sought revenge by selling the tribe's land to the European. 'He wahine, be whenua i mate ai te tangata,' said the Maoris - 'Women and land are the reasons why men die.' There is no reason for supposing that the authorities knew of Kingi's claims tot he Waitara, though it is hard to believe that these were unknown to McLean. they all knew, however, that Kingi and some three hundred followers were actually living on the land in question, and had lived there since their return to Taranaki in 1848. Normally the mere fact of occupation would - rightly - have been regarded as prima facie evidence of a title. But Parris and McLean alleged that all these Maoris were living on the land with the permission of the owners, Teira and the other sellers. To defend the alleged rights of some twenty Maori property-owners to sell without interference from their chief, the Government was prepared to evict three hundred Maoris from tribal territory. The Governor and his advisers were too emotionally involved in the purchase to see how it might appear - soon did appear - to more dispassionate observers. For different reasons, they all ardently desired to buy the Waitara. Parris had never made an important purchase. both as a local settler and as a land purchase officer he wanted this success. McLean had, for twelve years, been thwarted by Kingi in his efforts to buy the Waitara. As soon as Grey heard, in Cape Town, of the events of a 1859-60 in Taranaki (where he had in 1848 sent McLean to re-purchase the New Zealand company claim between New Plymouth and the Waitara) he remarked that he fancied McLean had a grudge against Kingi. For McLean and Parris, Teira's offer was an opportunity to 'turn the tables' on Kingi. C.W. Richmond, who was both native Minister and the elected representative of New Plymouth, would not stop the purchase. to him, Kingi was 'the bad genius of Taranaki'. On one occasion he made the extraordinary statement that 'Kingi's position at Waitara has been one of pure hostility to the interests of the settlement of which he has been occupying a part of the destined site.' The governor, having, as he wrote privately, decided 'to put an end to many Maori difficulties by a vigorous and decisive act', was anxious to demonstrate his firmness. with the government as enthusiastic as the settlers to acquire the Waitara, there was little chance of an impartial review of the facts.
By January 1860 Teira and his supporters, who had felt it wise to take refuge in New Plymouth, were growing impatient for the rest of the money, and wrote to the Governor complaining because the marriage of 'the beautiful woman, Waitara' - 'the land which we have given up to you' - was being deferred so long. 'This woman that we gave to you in the face of day is now lying cold. You had better turn her towards you and warm her that she may sleep comfortably in the middle of the bed.' The authorities decided to survey the land, an action which had already led directly to the Wairau massacre and the feuds in Taranaki. they did not expect Kingi to show fight, being convinced that a demonstration of force would call his bluff. On the day of the survey Kingi sent some old women to pull out the surveyors' pegs. Marital law was declared. A few days later, at the cost of one dead private, the troops captured an empty pa which Kingi had just built on the disputed land at Waitara. It was to be twelve years before the old chief laid down his arms.
the history of New Zealand was distinguished from that of previous British settlements by the fact that the country was annexed when the evangelical movement was at the height of its influence on colonial policy. new Zealand was intended to set the world an example of humane colonization. the ideal was not attained. Racial relations soon came to resemble those on other frontiers. that the British Government failed, in particular, to achieve its professed desire 'to avoid, if possible, the disasters and the guilt of a sanguinary conflict with the Native Tribes', is no occasion for surprise rather would it be a matter for astonishment if such wars, which seem everywhere to be part of the process of colonization, had not occurred. Humanitarianism was a plant which flourished in the hothouse of English evangelicalism; it was to be many years before it was acclimatized to the harsh conditions of the frontier. Exeter Hall, the Church Missionary Society, the Aborigines Protection society, and such bodies, set before Great Britain a noble aim. But what guidance did they offer to the governors of New Zealand when they were confronted by the bleak facts that the Maori nationalists and the settlers had incompatible ambitions, that the interests of the two races ere not identical? It is difficult to see a solution to the problem in Taranaki. to stop settlement would have been an answer, but it was politically impossible; when Fitzroy offered to remove the settlers, they refused to go. Grey and Wynyard were obliged to ignore what they could not remedy. Then Gore Browne started a war by trying to stop it. Whether wiser men could have succeeded where he failed is a question which few people would care to answer.
New Zealand Home Page
Jane Resture's Oceania Page
New Zealand Postcards Page | <urn:uuid:8344ff25-2839-418b-aa61-71124124f872> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.janesoceania.com/newzealand_aspects6/index.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988725470.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183845-00076-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983541 | 8,945 | 3.484375 | 3 |
Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (Vintage Classics)
An adventure classic of deep-sea volcanoes, giant squid, and the renegade scientist Captain NemoProfessor Aronnax embarks on an expedition to hunt down and destroy a menacing sea monster. However, he discovers that the beast is actually metal—it's a giant submarine called the Nautilus built by the renegade scientist Captain Nemo. So begins an underwater adventure that takes them from the South Pole to the submerged lost city of Atlantis.
Specifications of Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (Vintage Classics)
|Publisher||Random House UK|
|Number Of Pages||168|
Write a review
Note: HTML is not translated!
Rating: Bad Good
Enter the code in the box below: | <urn:uuid:ea24bf89-d5dd-4609-bd6d-270ea0d1b8cf> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ergodebooks.com/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea-(vintage-classics)-DADAX0099528533 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00488-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.738884 | 163 | 1.953125 | 2 |
April 23, 2009
The ICR Answers All Your Questions!
In the comments section of the post analyzing the Institute for Creation Research’s recent lawsuit against the Texas Higher Education Coordination Board, there’s a significant amount of speculation as to what the ICR really hopes to achieve and how they really view their arguments.
Fortunately for us, the ICR has a new post up at their web site, written by the same lawyer who authored the ICR’s Texas complaint (James J.S. Johnson). It answers all our questions!
First, how does the ICR characterize its own lawsuit?
As a result, college-level science education in Texas is now muzzled by Texas governmental censorship, a situation that interferes with both academic freedom, the right of a school to teach any subject from its own institutional viewpoint; and interstate commerce, the right of a school outside Texas to recruit and teach Texas residents.
Okay, so the ICR is claiming two broad theories of relief (that, in turn, could conceivably be characterized as First Amendment issues): 1) the academic freedom for schools to teach what they see fit; and 2) the commercial freedom of speech to “recruit and teach Texas residents.”
I address the validity of the commercial speech argument in the original post; short version: it’s not a valid cause of action even if every word pled by the ICR is taken as true.
The “academic freedom” argument is even more frivolous, since nothing the THECB has done prevents ICR from “teach[ing] what they see fit.” ICR can teach that 2 + 7 equals 50, or that the sun is a red-bottomed space baboon for all the THECB cares. What they can’t do is teach that 2 + 7 = 50 and then issue a Masters’ Degree in mathematics certifying that their degree meets state academic standards. Because, you know, it doesn’t.
The most charitable way I can describe this claim is as a First Amendment free exercise claim; that is, that the ICR is arguing that the THECB’s guidelines (codified in the Texas Education Code, section 61 et seq.) infringe upon their religious freedom to be creationists.
All I can say is that such a claim has zero chance of surviving under the Supreme Court’s seminal case on the free exercise clause, Employment Division v. Smith, 494 U.S. 872 (1990), which holds that “the right of free exercise does not relieve an individual of the obligation to comply with a valid and neutral law of general applicability on the ground that the law proscribes (or prescribes) conduct that his religion prescribes (or proscribes).”
What that means is that so long as the Texas Education Code’s standards for granting certificates of authority to issue degrees is facially neutral and a valid law (which it is), then it wouldn’t matter even if that law actually burdened ICR in fact.
In other words: even if the ICR’s allegations are true — and they are nonsensical at best — they still don’t have a case. In their own words.
More evidence for the proposition I cited in my first post; that the ICR considers its ill-pled commercial speech claim to be its central argument:
I still remember from my boyhood the days of racial segregation in America, and walking past public bathroom doors labeled “Men,” “Women,” and “Colored.” Discrimination was ugly then, and discrimination is just as ugly today.
ICRGS is now the victim of academic (and religious) viewpoint discrimination in the Lone Star State. And because this government-mandated viewpoint ban is now enforced against the content of ICR’s school catalog within the state, this viewpoint discrimination includes censorship-stifling freedom of the press.
The part equating Jim Crow laws to science standards is particularly hilariously misguided. But again, note the text I’ve bolded above: this guy really thinks that the ICR has a prior-restraint claim. (Hint: it doesn’t.)
Is it all a fundraiser and publicity stunt, as some have suggested? Here’s what Johnson says:
Will ICR achieve the same type of victory against the THECB? The laws of the United States and of Texas are there to allow it, and the courts have ruled against the THECB in the recent past when it overstepped its authority against three other Christian schools. But as it was with Zerubbabel, only God can give the outcome He deems best for ICR and for its school. And ICR will honor Him regardless of what that outcome is (Daniel 3:16-18).
That footnote 6, incidentally, refers to HEB Ministries, et al. v. THECB, dealt with explicitly religious degrees and affirmed that the Texas Education Act had the power to regulate secular degrees (which is what the ICR wants to glom on to). It is of absolutely no help to the ICR here. | <urn:uuid:00067fc5-d14d-4e5b-8aa7-edb8a8d35a5e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://evaluatingchristianity.wordpress.com/2009/04/23/the-icr-answers-all-your-questions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719027.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00301-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95252 | 1,083 | 1.882813 | 2 |
May 19th, 2011 | Published in Google Code
By T.V. Raman, Research Scientist
Cross-posted with the Chromium Blog
We recently unveiled ChromeVox — a built-in screen reader for Chrome OS — during Google I/O 2011. This is an early developer beta that is designed to help authors of web applications come up to speed with platform accessibility on Chrome OS.
ChromeVox leverages two of Chrome's experimental extension APIs, the experimental.tts API for cross-platform text-to-speech, and the experimental.accessibility API that lets an extension listen for accessibility events in Chrome's menus and toolbars. In turn, ChromeVox exposes a simple screen reader API to web developers who want to further customize the ChromeVox user experience. Thus, within your application, you can:
- Automatically generate spoken messages and earcons.
- Set ChromeVox to synchronize with your application's current focus.
Details on enabling accessibility in Chrome OS can be found on the Accessibility help page, and the Chrome extension is available for download from our Wiki page. For now, ChromeVox is targeted at end-users on Chrome OS, but it may also prove a useful tool to web developers using Chrome on all major platforms. We welcome your feedback via our Open Source project website at http://google-axs-chrome.googlecode.com.
T. V. Raman is a research scientist at Google. He leads a team of engineers building innovative user interfaces on Android and Chrome OS, and researches creating highly efficient eyes-free interfaces.
Posted by Scott Knaster, Editor | <urn:uuid:0e4f3652-d024-4f66-b475-b9196faf2b1d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://googledata.org/google-code/chromevox-built-in-spoken-feedback-for-chrome-os/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00081-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.873319 | 337 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Sony a1 Video Recording Limits
Check Latest Price on Amazon
|All Formats and Frame Rates||13 hours1|
1 Duration is approximate and is a product specification limit.
- [Auto Power OFF Temp.] must be set to [High] to achieve continuous recording in most formats.
- The duration of time available for movie recording varies depending on the file format/recording settings for movies, memory card, ambient temperature, Wi-Fi network environment, condition of the camera before you start recording, and condition of the charging of the battery.
- High-quality movie recording and high-speed continuous shooting require large amounts of power. Therefore, if you continue to shoot, the temperature inside the camera will rise, especially that of the image sensor. In such cases, the camera will turn off automatically because the surface of the camera is heated to a high temperature or the high temperature affects the quality of the images or the internal mechanism of the camera.
- Using SD/SDHC cards:
- The card will be formatted in FAT32.
- If the file size exceeds 4GB, a new file will be created automatically.
- Using SDXC cards:
- The card will be formatted in exFAT.
- Even if the file size exceeds 4GB during recording, the movie will be saved as a single file.
- The Sony Alpha 1 records video in a variable bitrate, which automatically adjusts image quality depending on the shooting scene. Therefore, recording times will vary depending on the content you are shooting and the shooting conditions.
Source: Sony Alpha 1 Online Help Guide - Appendix - Recordable movie times | <urn:uuid:df6f0713-280d-422b-9af7-5e6ca092c4cb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.recordinglimits.com/sony-a1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.850066 | 346 | 1.96875 | 2 |
I haven’t had a chance to perform any improv on stage for the last two years, but I wanted to share with you how much the improv I did with the Brave New Workshop Student Union and HUGE Theater changed my life path and made things imminently more awesome.
- Yes, and. The basic foundation of an improv scene is that one person makes a declaration and the second person builds on it. Then the first person builds on that – and off you go. As a new improvisor, I believed this meant that I should learn to stop saying, “No, that isn’t true.” As a human being, I take it now to mean this: whenever I am flexible of mind enough to understand that the perspective of my conversation partner is a valid world view, I can affirm that position even if I think s/he is wrong.
- Embrace a collaborative world view. In an improv scene, the world that is created is necessarily determined by the input of everyone on the stage. Just like in real life, you don’t get a say in how the story around you develops if you don’t open up your face and add something. While practicing improv, I learned to practice fearlessness and let go of self-judgement while exercising my voice. These qualities are essential to surviving as an expat: when you don’t speak up for yourself, you get steamrolled verbally and socially and live in a world that someone else created for you.
- Laughter is as essential as water. During my first weeks of class, I laughed harder at myself and the silly things we did and said than I’d laughed the entire previous year. Ridiculous became reality for minutes at a time and I had the chance to look at my assumptions and prejudices in a different space. I am ridiculous: my world view is limited as are the world views of everyone around me – we are shaped by our experiences, and those experiences limit our vision. You can’t see what you don’t know exists — until someone throws it in your face and you have to respond to it somehow. And then laugh because – wow. That’s there. That’s a thing that happened. As an expat, all I can do is laugh sometimes because the constrained rules of living abroad require patience and good humor unless you want the stress to kill you with an aneurism, an ulcer, or a leap from a tall bridge.
- Listening is more important than speaking. In all sorts of comedy, there’s this thing called a callback that’s basically remembering a small thing someone mentioned earlier in a scene and using it as a punchline again later. Here in Abu Dhabi, I’m the punchline if I don’t remember all the little details going on around me – and information about how things get done is passed on in snippets of conversations and hints from people who’ve done them before. People want to share information, but don’t explain themselves the way I’m used to. All feelers have to be out for anything to make sense.
- You can be scared, but there’s nothing to be scared of. Being the center of attention during a scene for the first time was kind of terrifying. I had no idea what I was going to say. Then I opened up my face and said things, then my scene partners said things, and we just kept going – and then the audience laughed. It was magic. The first time I went shopping to buy fabric for a new dress, I realized that I had to haggle with the vendor over price and quality and I had no idea how to do it. In the US, price is price and the person at the cash register has no control over it. In Abu Dhabi, the guy behind the counter can make any deal he wants and can spot a newbie walking in the door. Arabian confidence and bluster can really rattle a girl! I was raised to be polite! And even though I’m opinionated, I didn’t want to be rude and say no! But then I realized I didn’t have to give him my money if I didn’t want what he was selling – and I opened up my face and started haggling. I got what I wanted, he got what he wanted, and the floor didn’t open up and swallow me because I was doing something I’d never done before. Then I got to haggle with a tailor and get a pretty new dress. I’d call that an all around win.
So, yeah: Improv. You should try it sometime. Today, November 15th, is Give To The Max day in Minnesota – the biggest fundraising day of the year. If you’ve got a spare 10 bucks to support the people who bring these life lessons to anyone who shows up, please go see a show at the Brave New Institute or HUGE Theater. OR: click on over to these donation pages and support the venues who keep the funny performances and life changing classes happening all year round. | <urn:uuid:df7725a1-8342-42fe-aff5-3f1aeeb5a67c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://voixdemichele.com/2012/11/improv-saves-lives-expat-edition/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00475-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966532 | 1,065 | 1.539063 | 2 |
In the 15 November 1988 Palestinian Declaration of Independence that was approved by the PNC representing all Palestinians all over the world, the Executive Committee of the PLO was set up as the Provisional Government for the State of Palestine—pursuant to my advice.
In addition, the Declaration of Independence also provides that all Palestinians living around the world automatically become citizens of the State of Palestine—pursuant to my advice. So the Executive Committee of the PLO in its capacity as the Provisional Government for the State of Palestine will continue to represent the interests of all Palestinians around the world when Palestine becomes a UN Member State.
Hence all rights will be preserved: for all Palestinians and for the PLO. No one will be disenfranchised. The PLO will not lose its status. This legal arrangement does not violate the Palestinian Charter, but was approved already by the PNC.
Unfortunately, an Oxford professor called Guy Goodwill-Gill has circulated a memo full of distortions. The memo is based on many erroneous assumption. This professor is not aware of all the legal and constitutional technicalities that were originally built into the Palestinian Declaration of Independence to make sure that his doomsday scenario does not materialize–at my advice.
All rights have been protected and will be protected by Palestine becoming a Member State of the United Nations, including the Right of Return. Indeed, in the Memo I originally did for President Arafat and the PLO back in 1988, I explained how we could obtain UN Membership.
All of the advice that I gave to President Arafat and the PLO in 1987 to 1989 was originally premised on the assumption that someday we would apply for UN Membership. That day has come. Please move forward. I have been working for this Day since I first proposed UN Membership for Palestine along the lines of Namibia at the United Nations Headquarters in New York in June of 1987. Palestine’s Application for UN Membership was my idea.
When my Client and Dear Friend the late, great Dr. Haidar Abdul Shaffi Chair of the Palestinian Delegation to the Middle East Negotiations instructed me to draft the Palestinian counter-offer to the now defunct Oslo Agreement, he most solemnly told me: “Professor Boyle, we have decided to ask you to draft this Interim Peace Agreement for us. Do whatever you want! But do not sell out our right to our State!”
And I responded to Dr. Haidar: “Do not worry, Dr. Abdul Shaffi. As you know, I was the one who first called for the creation of the Palestinian State back at United Nations Headquarters in June of 1987, and then served as the Legal Adviser to the PLO on its creation. I will do nothing to harm it!”
As I promised Dr. Haidar, I would do nothing to harm Palestine and the Palestinians.
|< Prev||Next >|
Most Read News
- AU fails to persuade Yahya Jammeh to step down
- MSF: Nigeria air strike on refugee camp kills dozens
- Adama Barrow heads to Mali for Gambia crisis talks
- Syria's main opposition bloc backs Astana peace talks
- Mexico: US border tax could trigger 'global recession'
- Israel Lobby: Headlines, resignations, calls for probe
|Allen L. Jasson| | <urn:uuid:ee2ccbb9-6f4f-45ad-a475-a646e257bcfd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mwcnews.net/focus/analysis/13015-state-of-palestine.html?fontstyle=f-larger | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00294-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951448 | 694 | 2.0625 | 2 |
A C57B16 human MUC1 transgenic (MUC1Tg) mouse model has been developed to evaluate immunity and tolerance to MUC1. MUC1Tg mice develop progressively growing tumors when challenged with MUC1-expressing B16 cells. In contrast, non-transgenic (nonTg) mice rejected the tumor or developed tumors that progressed at significantly slower rates. The time course in which both MUC1-specific and tumor specific cellular immune responses developed were evaluated by a modified CTLp limiting dilution assay. In MUC1Tg mice, anti-MUC1 CTL responses peaked at day 20 post tumor challenge and declined rapidly by day 25. In contrast, the anti-MUC1 response peaked at day 25, but at a lower level in nonTg mice. Levels of non-MUC1 directed tumor specific responses were similar initially, but decreased by day 25 in MUC1Tg mice. In contrast, in nonTg mice, tumor specific responses peaked at day 20 and declined by day 25 and 34. NonTg mice were adoptively transferred with primed nonTg lymphocytes and then rechallenged with MUC1-expressing tumors. These mice have higher levels of MUC1 specific CTLp at day 20 post tumor challenge than non transferred nonTg mice, but the CTLp frequency decreases by day 34 post tumor challenge. In contrast, the tumor specific response increased slowly to day 20 and peaked at day 34 post tumor challenge. These in vitro data suggest that MUC1Tg mice do not delete all MUC1 specific CTL during thymic development. It remains to be determined why these CTL are not sufficient to provide tumor protection.
|Original language||English (US)|
|State||Published - Mar 20 1998|
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Molecular Biology | <urn:uuid:42b007bb-6191-4aae-be87-28d5e484302e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/in-vitro-kinetic-analysis-of-cellular-anti-muc1-immune-responses- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.911461 | 435 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Frank Williams started out in Formula One racing in 1969 and from late 1972 he was running his own cars. A Grand Prix
victory eluded him for his first years, but with the advent of Saudia Williams F1 team in 1978, Frank Williams' star began to rise, and with Alan Jones behind the wheel many thought he would quickly enjoy success – however he would still have to wait until 1980.
Frank O. Williams was born on 16 April 1942, in Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Educated at two convent schools, he left at 17 and had a variety of jobs, including eighteen months as a trainee manager at a Nottingham company. From an early age, Williams became interested in motor sport and after leaving school he used to hitch-hike to race meetings all over Britain.
Williams made his competition debut in an Austin A35
, but the car was wrecked one Saturday morning in Salisbury when Frank spun on the public roads and flew backwards into a lamp-post. Undaunted, Frank bought an Austin A40
, but once more he had little success as he spent so much time spinning and finally he crashed it at Mallory Park in front of his namesake, fellow A40 exponent Jonathan Williams.
The two Williams teamed-up for 1963, Jonathan racing a Formula Junior Lotus 22 which Frank helped prepare. Their budget was minimal, the pair sleeping in their Volkswagen pick-up tow car. In 1964
Frank was racing again, sharing a Formula three Brabham with 'Bubbles' Horsley, one of several motor racing people who shared a flat in Harrow, Middlesex.
The others included fellow young drivers Piers Courage
, Charles Crichton-Stuart and Charles Lucas. For 1965
Williams bought the ex-Graham Hill
Formula Two Cooper T73 and converted it to Formula Three specification. He was quoted as saying of the Cooper 'It was the original undriveable car. I started in about ten races but only finished in two - and at one Roskildering meeting I spun so many times that my picture was splashed over Danish newspapers the following day.'
Frank Williams Racing Cars Ltd
After another season, in a new Brabham BT18 bought with money borrowed from successful Formula Three exponent Chris Irwin, Frank decided to quit active driving and go seriously into the buying and selling business. During this time Frank made his money by trading in racing cars, spares and equipment from the garage of the Harrow flat. In April 1967 he took the plunge and formed a company, Frank Williams (Racing Cars) Ltd. By 1968 Frank occupied spacious premises at Slough, Buckinghamshire. He specialised in selling Brabhams, both old and new, and had a world-wide market.
Williams quickly gained a reputation for first-class, thorough preparation - all suspension parts on secondhand cars were rechromed and suspect chassis sent to be rejigged. In 1968 more than 150 cars passed through Frank's hands, fifty per cent overseas. This was also the year Williams went back into racing. Like others, he was impressed by the young British driver Piers Courage
- the ex-flatmate - and decided to become an entrant and run a Formula Two Brabham BT23C-Ford for Courage in the European Trophy. Despite bouts of ill-luck, Courage displayed excellent form, taking second place at Enna, third at Hockenheim, Reims and Albi and a fourth at Barcelona to be placed sixth in the championship.
The Tasman Cup series, Formula One and Formula Two
Piers won the final Temporada race at Buenos Aires in December, while Jonathan Williams also won the Monza Lottery Grand Prix
in June, deputising for Courage who was committed to a Formula One BRM
drive the same day. Frank's admiration for Courage's ability grew. For 1969 he planned an ambitious season: The Tasman Cup series, Formula One and Formula Two. He acquired an ex-works Brabham BT24 Formula One car and converted it to accept the Ford DFV engine in special 2½-litre DFW form for the Tasman Cup series. It was an expensive venture, but, despite a run of bad luck in the Australian section, a profitable one.
In New Zealand, Courage garnered a first, a second, a third and a fourth. For the European season Williams purchased an up-to-date Brabham BT26 and equipped it with a Ford DFV for Formula One and also bought a new Formula Two Brabham BT30-Ford. Highlights of the year were Courage's fighting second places in the Monaco and United States Grands Prix. These were backed up by fifths attained in the British and Italian Grands Prix plus the Daily Express Trophy at Silverstone. In Formula Two, Courage won at Enna and took thirds at Hockenheim, Pau, Jarama, Zolder and Reims.
Chief problem with the Williams team's debut year in Formula One was the lack of a first-class engineer. Although the Brabham BT26 was always superbly prepared by the mechanics it required an engineer's final touch, for the car suffered from fuel pressure problems for much of the year. During the Italian Grand Prix
Williams had met Alessandro de Tomaso, the expatriate Argentinian who built racing and GT cars. De Tomaso was keen to get into Formula One and suggested Williams should run his cars. The deal was that Williams would be loaned the chassis and the services of designer/engineer Gianpaolo Dall'Ara, but he would have to finance the project-buy the engines, pay the mechanics, travelling expenses, etc.
Jacky Ickx at the wheel of the Wolf Williams during the Graham Hill Trophy race at Silverstone in 1976. The Wolf-Williams alliance was particularly unsuccessful, but both men enjoyed greater success when they went their seperate ways in 1977.
Alan Jones in his Saudia Williams FW06, pictured at Zolder during the 1978 Belbium Grand Prix.
A Disastorous Season and the death of Piers Courage
Williams closed down his successful racing car buying, selling and preparation business to concentrate on managing the team and sought sponsorship from Ward machine tools, Graviner fire extinguishers and BOAC. But 1970 proved a disaster. The de Tomaso was not a competitive car. After a promising third in the non-championship Daily Express Trophy at Silverstone nothing went right until at Zandvoort
in the Dutch Grand Prix, Courage reached seventh place and then, unaccountably, lost control of the de Tomaso. It crashed heavily, and burst into flames; Courage
was killed, probably instantly, by the impact.
It seemed as if the world of Frank Williams had crumbled away. 'Suddenly I had no car, no driver - just an enormous amount of debts.' Williams' only assets were two Ford DFV engines and in an attempt to continue the season he sold everything he possessed - his clothes, even his £200 wrist watch had to be sacrificed. De Tomaso was interested in building a new car if Williams could obtain the services of promising newcomer Emerson Fittipaldi
. The Brazilian was wooed, and shown around the factory but the outcome was that Lotus stepped in with a three-year contract which Fittipaldi signed.
The remaining de Tomaso was driven by Brian Redman and Tim Schenken with skill but enjoyed no success. Williams made a come-back in 1971, securing sponsorship from Italian toy company Politoys, French fuel concern Motul and Ward tools to run a Formula One March 711 for Henri Pescarolo plus a pair of Formula Two March 712Ms for Pescarolo and Derek Bell
. Pescarolo showed occasional speed in Formula One (actually leading the non-championship Oulton Park Gold Cup until the March broke), but as the season wore on limited finance meant that the preparation of the Formula Two cars suffered. Pescarolo won at Mallory Park in March, while Bell enjoyed a second at Monza, but most of the time the cars broke down.
Ford designer Len Bailey
Early in 1971 Ford designer Len Bailey had approached Frank about a Formula One project: a car designed especially for a small team, a simple, straightforward design easy to maintain. Williams was highly enthusiastic and approached Politoys, who agreed to sponsor the car so long as it was named after them. It was originally intended that the car should appear by the Italian Grand Prix, but various problems, chiefly financial, meant the Politoys FX3-Ford was not completed until July 1972. This season Pescarolo raced a new March 721, ostensibly until the Politoys was completed, while Brazilian sponsorship meant that Carlos Pace raced the specially up-dated March 711.
A move was also made to new team premises in Reading, Berkshire. Accidents plagued the season. Pescarolo managed to crash his March badly in the Monaco, French, German, Austrian and Italian Grands Prix, while he also wrecked the Politoys on its maiden outing in the British Grand Prix. Pace showed promise, but needed a better car. Ex-Brabham designer Ron Tauranac worked for the team on a freelance basis, modifying the Marches and attempting to develop the Politoys. After a testing programme carried out over the winter by drivers Chris Amon
and Howden Ganley, new designer John Clarke developed two machines for the early part of the 1973 season.
The only similarity now to the original prototype
was the monocoque tub. The cars were now known as Iso Marlboro FX3Bs in deference to new sponsors, the Iso GT car company
and Marlboro cigarettes. Drivers were Ganley and Italian Nanni Galli. By April completely new cars were ready, essential to conform with much-revised safety regulations; they were known as the Iso Marlboro IRs. Ganley's best result was a sixth in the Canadian Grand Prix, and after Galli retired from racing early in the year the second car was raced by 'guest' drivers including Jackie Ickx (seventh in the United States Grand Prix), Gijs van Lennep (sixth in the Dutch Grand Prix), Henri Pescarolo, Graham McRae and Tim Schenken.
For 1974 the same cars were retained, Ray Stokoe taking over as designer and developing the machines which were still named Iso Marlboros, although Iso did not fulfil their sponsorship arrangements. Ganley quit the team after a disagreement with Williams, his place being taken by wiry Italian Arturo Merzario. An arrangement with Marlboro meant that Gijs van Lennep and Tom Belso were to share drives in the second car, but Williams was not too keen and in mid-season he gave the drive to Frenchman Jacques Laffite. Merzario showed the Iso Marlboro IR (later re-coded FW) had potential, setting third best practice time for the South African Grand Prix
and sixth for the Belgian.
However, actual results were elusive, best being third in the non-championship Brasilia race, fourth in Italy and sixth in South African Grand Prix
held at Kyalami. New Swiss Ambrozium sponsorship was secured for 1975, but money was tight and everything had to be done on a shoe-string budget. Even wide noses were bought cheaply secondhand from the Hesketh team: But a new chassis, smaller and lighter, was built. After an argument, plus some dismal performances, Merzario left the team and Laffite found himself promoted to number one driver. He was second in the German Grand Prix
, Williams' best result since 1969.
Tony Brise, Damien Magee and lan Ashley had 'guest' drives for the team and, towards the end of the year, Ashley's sponsor Richard Oaten offered Williams some financial assistance. But Williams was planning bigger things. He became involved with Waiter Wolf, an Austro-Canadian millionaire in 1975, and the arrangement was that Frank Williams was to become team manager of the Wolf Williams team the next year. 1976, however, proved to be the mixture much as before; the ex-Hesketh Racing 308Cs and, drivers Michel Leclere and Jacky Ickx proved a less than effective com- bination, although Ickx did manage to place sixth in the Spanish Grand Prix.
Waiter Wolf decided to go his own way in 1977, having had a year's experience of how a Formula One team was run, to form Waiter Wolf Racing-taking former Hesketh designer Harvey Postlethwaite with him. Williams, meanwhile, ran a March 761 for the Belgian driver Patrick Neve, but once again the team created little interest. Neve circulated in middle field for most of the time, and managed nothing better than an eighth place at Monza. What was significant, however, was that the Williams' car carried sponsorship from Saudi Arabian Airlines for the first time in 1977. It was thanks to the deal which Frank Williams worked out with Saudi Arabian Airlines, and other Saudi businessmen, that he was able to make his first serious attempt on the big time in 1978.
Williams selected the very reliable, and increasingly quick, Alan Jones
to drive the new Saudia Williams FW06. This Pat rick Head designed car was a revelation when it appeared in December 1977. One of the smallest FI cars, it seemed very simple and conventional, but great ingenuity had been applied to limit the number of separate components. The rear wheels were mounted directly on to flanges at the end of the driveshaft outer constant velocity joints, helping to reduce unwanted unsprung weight, and the oil tank was the inside of the engine to gearbox adaptor.
Although not one of the new generation wing cars, the Williams proved very quick, even though mechanical teething troubles and breakdowns prevented Jones from reaping the full rewards his skill and effort merited. Fluctuating fuel pressure at Long Beach robbed him of a possible victory in the US Grand Prix
(West), and it was fuel vaporisation that took away his chance of third place in Germany. A broken gearbox at Monaco, a siezed wheel bearing at Anderstorp, a driveshaft failure in the British Grand Prix, and a broken throttle cable in the Dutch GP all combined to hold the team back.
Things did not go wrong all the time, however, and many people took Jones' second place at Watkins Glen at the end of the season as a good indication of how the Williams car would fare in 1979. With stable sponsorship from Saudi Arabian Airlines and Fruit of the Loom, a good designer and a settled and talented driver, Frank Williams was at last in an enviable position. Their first win came in 1979 from Clay Regazzoni, the first title in 1980 with Alan Jones
, and a second championship in 1982 with Keke Rosberg.
A car accident in March 1986 in France resulted in Williams sustaining a spinal cord injury. While driving a Ford Sierra rental car from the Paul Ricard Circuit to the Nice airport, Williams lost control and the car rolled over causing him to crash into the roof and resulting in a spinal fracture. Peter Windsor, Williams's passenger, sustained only minor injuries. Since the accident, Williams has used a wheelchair.
In 1987 the Queen awarded Williams the title of CBE. He was knighted in 1999. He is also one of the few non-Frenchmen to have been made a Chevalier of France's Legion d'honneur, this honour accorded for his work with Renault engines. In 2008 Williams was awarded the Wheatcroft trophy. On 19 December 2010, he was awarded the Helen Rollason Award for "outstanding achievement in the face of adversity" at the BBC Sports Personality of The Year Award. | <urn:uuid:271c5d9a-7354-4f8d-ad22-3e1529dfb1e5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/race_drivers_frank_williams.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00366-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974566 | 3,272 | 1.734375 | 2 |
As published in Professionalism Perspectives Vol. 14 No. 1, a publication of DRI
It is undeniable that technology and globalization are changing the way lawyers practice law. Technology has not just made people, places, and things much more accessible to us – it has impacted the way we store information and documents, the way we communicate with and advise clients, how we conduct investigations, and how we participate in discovery. Likewise, globalization has brought with it an increasing number of legal issues that cross jurisdictional lines, and, as a result, more lawyers need to cross those lines in order to solve them. In addition, economic forces have resulted in both newer and more experienced lawyers relocating or seeking employment outside the jurisdiction in which they were originally licensed.
The American Bar Association (ABA) is cognizant of these changes. In August, 2012 and February, 2013 – after a three-year study of how technology and globalization are transforming the practice of law – the ABA amended the Model Rules of Professional Conduct (Model Rules) to address the regulation of lawyers in light of these twenty-first century realities. This article contains a summary of the most substantive changes adopted.
Technology and Lawyer Competence
The ABA added language to Comment 6 of Rule 1.1: Competence to make it clear that a lawyer's duty to stay abreast of changes in the law and practice includes understanding the benefits and risks of relevant technology.See Model Rules of Prof'l Conduct 1.1 cmt 6.
Technology and Confidentiality
In response to new ways to store and disseminate information and documents, the ABA added language to Rule 1.6: Confidentiality of Information which states that a lawyer "shall make reasonable efforts to prevent the inadvertent disclosure of, or unauthorized access to, information relating to the representation of a client." Model Rules of Prof'l Conduct 1.6. New language added to Comment 16 identifies various factors that lawyers need to take into account when determining whether their efforts are reasonable, including the sensitivity of the information, the cost, and other factors.See Model Rules of Prof'l Conduct 1.6 cmt 16.
Globalization and Lawyer Mobility
The ABA adopted a new Model Rule to address the increasing need for lawyers to practice outside their home jurisdictions, sometimes on very short notice, in the face of time consuming admissions processes. Under the Model Rule for Practice Pending Admission, lawyers may practice in the new jurisdiction if:
- They have an active license in another jurisdiction and they have been engaged in the active practice of law for three of the last five years;
- They are not disbarred, suspended or facing discipline;
- They did not fail the bar exam in the new jurisdiction;
- There were not previously denied admission in the new jurisdiction; and
- They associate with a lawyer admitted to practice in the new jurisdiction.
The new rule also outlines the procedures the lawyers must follow, including submitting an admissions application within 45 days. See Model Rule for Practice Pending Admission.
Globalization and Confidentiality
A lawyer must identify possible conflicts of interest when exploring the possibility of joining a different firm or when firms consider a merger. Until the new amendments, the Model Rules did not provide sufficient guidance regarding how to identify conflicts in a manner consistent with the lawyer's duty of confidentiality. Accordingly, the ABA amended Rule 1.6: Confidentiality to provide that a lawyer may disclose discrete categories of information to the other firm in order to detect conflicts before the lawyer is hired or the two firms merge. See Model Rules of Prof'l Conduct 1.6. New Comments 13 and 14 state that any such disclosure should include "no more than the identity of the persons and entities involved in a matter, a brief summary of the general issues involved, and information about whether the matter has terminated."Model Rules of Prof'l Conduct 1.6 cmts.13 and 14. The amended Rule goes on to state that even these limited disclosures should not be made if they would "compromise the attorney-client privilege or otherwise prejudice the client." See Model Rules of Prof'l Conduct 1.6.
Globalization and Pro Hac Vice Admission
There are increasing instances in which litigation in U.S. courts involves issues related to international or foreign law, and a rise in situations in which foreign entities or individuals find themselves in U.S. courts. The pre-amendment version of Model Rule on Pro HacVice Admission did not provide judges with any guidance regarding the authority of foreign lawyers to appear pro hac vice. Accordingly, the ABA amended the Rule to address the factors a judge should consider in determining whether to grant a foreign lawyer's application, including the legal training and experience of the foreign lawyer, the extent to which the foreign lawyer's relationship and familiarity with the client or the matter will facilitate the fair and efficient resolution of the litigation, and other factors. See Model Rule on Pro Hac Vice Admission. The amended Rule makes it clear that the foreign lawyer can only appear as co-counsel or in a consultant or advisory role, and that the in-state lawyer is responsible to the client and the court: (i) for the conduct of the proceeding, (ii) for independently advising the client on the substantive law and procedural issues, and (iii) for advising the client whether the in-state lawyer's judgment differs from that of the foreign lawyer. Model Rule on Pro Hac Vice Admission.
Globalization, Unauthorized Practice of Law, and In-House Counsel
Rule 5.5 Unauthorized Practice of Law; Multijurisdictional Practice of Law generally prohibits lawyers who are not licensed in a particular jurisdiction from establishing a systematic and continuous presence in that jurisdiction for the purpose of practicing law. Model Rule of Prof'l Conduct 5.5. Previously, an exception permitted a U.S.-licensed attorney to serve as in-house counsel in a jurisdiction where he or she was not admitted to practice if certain conditions were met, but that exception did not apply to foreign-licensed lawyers. Faced with an increasing number of foreign companies with substantial operations in the U.S. and U.S. companies with substantial operations abroad, the ABA extended the Rule. Now, a foreign lawyer may serve as in-house counsel in the U.S. if certain conditions are met, with the added requirement that the foreign lawyer may not advise on U.S. law except in consultation with a U.S.-licensed lawyer. See Model Rule of Prof'l Conduct 5.5.
These changes to the Model Rules of Professional Conduct, while not conclusory, should provide additional guidance and assistance to lawyers dealing with the changes brought by technology and globalization. Because these issues will continue to expand, it is likely that additional changes or clarifications to the Model Rules will become necessary. As always, it is important to consult the rules of the specific jurisdiction in which you are practicing, or seeking to practice, for any changes specific to the jurisdiction. | <urn:uuid:2c51cf47-6b81-4558-8052-e04788779e5a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.spilmanlaw.com/resources/attorney-authored-articles/other/aba-amends-model-rules-of-professional-conduct-to- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00284-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954171 | 1,434 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Distance from Tanzania to San-Diego
Driving route: -- ( - )
Driving route: -- ( - )
Extended route information
The flight distance between the nearest airports Tanzania (ZNZ) and San-Diego (SAN) is 9,871.82 mi (15,887.17 km). This corresponds to an approximate flight time of 19h 11min. Similar flight routes: ZNZ → TIJ , ZNZ → SNA , ZNZ → ONT , ZNZ → LAX , DAR → SANBearing: 284.96° (WNW)
The initial bearing on the course from Tanzania to San-Diego is 284.96° and the compass direction is WNW.Midpoint: 43.0884,-22.4775
The geographic midpoint between Tanzania and San-Diego is in 4,932.78 mi (7,938.55 km) distance between both points in a bearing of 284.96°.Distance: 9,865.57 mi (15,877.10 km)
The shortest distance (air line) between Tanzania and San-Diego is 9,865.57 mi (15,877.10 km).Driving route: -- ( - )
The shortest route between Tanzania and San-Diego is according to the route planner. The driving time is approx. . Half of the trip is reached in .Time difference: -10h
The time difference between Tanzania (Africa/Dar_es_Salaam) and San-Diego (America/Los_Angeles) is -10 hours. This means that it is now 04:52 (19.08.2022) in Tanzania and 18:52 (18.08.2022) in San-Diego.
How is the distance calculated?
To calculate the distance between Tanzania and San-Diego, the place names are converted into coordinates (latitude and longitude). The respective geographic centre is used for cities, regions and countries. To calculate the distance the Haversine formula is applied.
Similar distance (± 0.5%)
San-Diego is just as far away from Tanzania as Tanzania from Los Angeles (15,855 km), Phoenix (15,451 km), Guadalajara (15,246 km), San Diego (15,878 km), Ciudad Juárez (15,098 km), Tijuana (15,881 km), Zapopan (15,244 km), San Jose (15,817 km), San Francisco (15,809 km), Chihuahua (15,215 km).
Tanzania to New York, Tanzania to Los Angeles, Tanzania to Chicago, Tanzania to Houston, Tanzania to Philadelphia, Tanzania to Phoenix, Tanzania to San Antonio, Tanzania to San Diego, Tanzania to Dallas, Tanzania to San Jose, Tanzania to Austin, Tanzania to Jacksonville, Tanzania to Indianapolis, San-Diego to New York, San-Diego to Los Angeles, San-Diego to Chicago, San-Diego to Houston, San-Diego to Philadelphia, San-Diego to Phoenix, San-Diego to San Antonio, San-Diego to San Diego, San-Diego to Dallas, San-Diego to San Jose, San-Diego to Austin, San-Diego to Jacksonville, San-Diego to Indianapolis,
Help make this service available to everyone in the world and translate distance.to into other languages. Translate now!
- Distance calculator
- Kalkulačka vzdálenosti
- Distancia entre ciudades
- Distancia entre cidades
- Distance entre deux villes
- Distanze chilometriche
- מחשבון מרחק
- Afstand berekenen
- Beräkna Avstånd
- Калькулятор расстояний
- Distanta de calculator
- المسافة حاسبة
- Mesafe hesaplama
- Kalkulator odległości
Maps and Geodata: © OpenStreetMap contributors | <urn:uuid:1971d360-5dfd-47a0-9aac-62407514a272> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://test.distance.to/Tanzania/San-Diego | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.682694 | 930 | 1.75 | 2 |
|HUMPHREY MOUNTAIN LOOKOUT|
Located below the summit near the east end of the ridge, this 20' wooden L-4 tower, built in 1935, met its fiery demise in 1973. There was also an Aircraft Warning Service cabin built onsite in 1942.
|Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest|
|17 miles ENE of Buckley|
|King County, Washington| | <urn:uuid:708a2063-db1d-4e7e-a8ea-4aef8e6ee0e0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.firelookout.com/wa/humphreymtn.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.865718 | 114 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Ofcom have today published their annual Communications Market Report which looks at changes within the industry to see how the relevant media and communications markets which it oversees are progressing. As well as the 379 page main report, they have also produced separate reports focusing on each of the nations of the UK.
One of the key trends they seem to be indicating this year is that people are spending more time consuming media and multi-tasking whilst doing this. On average, half of our waking hours are spent using media content and communication services, including watching TV, browsing the web or talking on the phone. Mobile phones are taking up a larger portion of this and around 63% of mobile usage by 16-24 year olds is for text messaging or using social media. Around 40% of our time on computers is spent communicating, whilst this is higher for 16-24 year olds (over 50%).
Consumers have also changed how they buy communication and media products. Around half of households buy two or more communication services from one supplier in a bundle, and the main reason given (in 52% of cases) for doing so is value for money. Triple play, the bundling of telephone, TV and broadband only makes up around 17% of this, but this is largely due to recent evolutions of the market. BT for example have only recently been allowed to start offering bundled products. One benefit seen for companies offering bundled products is that their customers are less likely to change to a new provider.
In the television market, advertising revenues fell in 2009 by 9.6% to £3.1 billion, leading TV industry revenue as a whole to be down by 0.4% at £11.1 billion. Pay-TV subscriptions continued growth however with revenues up by 7.5% to £319 million. 37% of homes had a digital video recorder (DVR) and time shifted television accounted for only 5.9% of all viewing (but around 15% of viewing for those with a DVR).
Catch-up TV services such as BBC iPlayer and ITV Player grew by a third to include 31% of Internet users in Q1 2010. The most prominent growth is unsurprisingly in the 15-24 age group and men consume 34% of catch-up TV in comparison to women at 29%. BBC iPlayer makes up the largest proportion of catch-up TV at around 17% of the market whilst Channel 4's 4oD followed with 3.6% leading ITV Player at 3.4%. iPlayer usage itself grew by 77% to 93 million streams in the year ending April 2010. 8% of these streams were for live TV.
Internet take-up in the UK has nearly made it to three-quarters of UK households. 76% of homes have a computer, and 73% of households now have an Internet connection. Broadband makes up the majority of these connections covering 71% of households. Take-up of fixed line broadband didn't increase from the 65% of 2009 but mobile broadband is on the rise with 15% (up from 12%) of consumers now having a mobile broadband connection (through a USB dongle).
Two-thirds of households with fixed connections use a WiFi network at home to connect to their broadband service and a quarter of adults user their mobile phone to access the Internet. Two-thirds of people, however, say they have no interest in using their mobile phone in this way whilst 12% say they are interested but not confident in doing it.
One focus of the government recently has been to encourage people to get online with Martha Lane Fox, UK Digital Champion, tasked with the role of encouraging this. Race Online 2012 was launched this year as a challenge to get everyone in the UK online and Ofcom stats show that progress has been made since 2009, particularly in the over 55 age groups.
2009 saw the mobile industry hit hard with retail revenues falling for the first time since Oftel (Ofcom's predecessor) began collecting data in the 1990's. Revenues fell 2.6%, down to £30.4 billion. Fixed voice, which accounted for 60% of total telecom revenue in 1998, has declined every year from 2000 and now contributes less than 30% of annual revenues. 2009 also saw the first ever decline in revenue from mobile services, falling by 3.5% to £14.9 billion. This decline in the mobile sector is put down to falling prices as there has been an increase in the number of connections, call minutes and SMS/MMS messages. Revenue from fixed Internet access also fell by 1.9% from its peak of £3.4 billion in 2008 which is due in part to an increase in bundled services which include broadband with TV and phone services.
Mobile data revenues have grown faster than fixed revenues largely due to the increased take up of mobile broadband (either by smartphone or mobile dongle). Data usage on mobile broadband has grown by an estimated 2200% in the two years up to the end of 2009 whilst data revenues only increased by 26% (although this revenue excludes revenue from bundled data in contracts).
Total UK data usage, as estimated by Cisco, saw around 600 petabytes a month with nearly 79% of this being generated by fixed-broadband Internet access. Voice over IP (VoIP) and IPTV accounted for around 20%. 78% of the total was consumer IP traffic with business traffic making up the rest. 15% of this Internet traffic was what Ofcom called 'web data', whilst 30% was file sharing through things like peer-to-peer networks (P2P) and another 30% was video (including cable and IPTV video on demand (such as BT Vision)).
Broadband speeds have increased with the average headline broadband speed increasing by 2.5Mbps to 9.4Mbps. This means that of products sold to consumers, this is the average fastest speed that consumers could possibly expect, although this wouldn't take in to account overheads (for example an 8meg broadband connection can only achieve around 7.1-7.2meg maximum, and a 24meg connection peaks at around 20-21meg). This increase comes about from operators increasing the roll-out of faster services such as Virgins cable broadband products now offering a minimum of 10meg broadband speeds, and BT Wholesale now offering faster products with speeds up to 24meg.
Whilst it is good to see an increase in headline speeds, it would be nice to see actual speeds increase in-line, but these have risen to only 5.2Mbps, widening the gap between headline speeds and actual speeds received. This is largely because ADSL2+ broadband services do not offer a huge improvement in speed unless you live close to the exchange. This gives an average actual speed of less than 40% of the headline speeds.
LLU (local loop unbundling) saw an increase in penetration of only 0.4% in 2009 increasing to 84.5% of premises being connected to an unbundled exchange compared to an increase of 4% in 2008 and 13.6% in 2007. The number of lines taking an LLU service rose by 0.9 million to total 6.4 million at the end of 2009.
Next-generation broadband services continue to see limited take up with BT's fibre-to-the-cabinet (FTTC) technology passing 1.5 million homes at the end of July 2010 but Point Topic estimated there were only 12,000 live connections using it at the end of June. One reason given for the slow take up by Ofcom is the price premium that these faster services attract. Many consumers will not be willing to pay the extra when they perceive their current service to be adequate for their needs, leaving current users as early-adopters.
Mobile broadband growth has levelled off somewhat, peaking at 15% of households in Q3 2009 and totalling 4.1 million active subscribers at the end of 2009. Mobile broadband as the sole technology for a household doubled from 3% to 6% in Q1 2010 compared with the same period in 2009, with broadband growth generally being boosted by users getting online for the first time via mobile broadband. Of surveyed households, 69% would not considering taking up a mobile broadband service and 45% responded to the survey by disagreeing with the statement "mobile broadband is for me." Many are not satisfied with mobile broadband services and a high proportion of respondents believed that mobile broadband coverage is poor (approximately 37%), and that in comparison to fixed line broadband it is more expensive (58%), slower (48%) and less reliable (43%).
In the two years up to March 2010, the number of people in the UK accessing the Internet on their mobile more than doubled with around 13.5 million adults (around 28%) reporting to visit at least one site on their mobile in March 2010. 73.5% of mobile phones sold on contracts in June 2010 were smartphones, around a 10% increase in users compared with 2009. | <urn:uuid:5cb5750a-fa8b-416c-ba9a-20d099746cbf> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thinkbroadband.com/news/4352-ofcom-release-annual-review-of-the-communications-market.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00539-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968967 | 1,825 | 1.601563 | 2 |
“What you think you gone change with this? What law you want to reform so it say you got to be nice to your maid?”
“Now hold on,” I say. “I’m not trying to change any laws here. I’m just talking about attitudes and–“
“You know what’ll happen if people catch us? Forget the time I accidentally use the wrong changing room at McRae’s women’s wear. I’d have guns pointing at my house.”
(from The Help, page 164)
The Help, my book club’s October pick, is a multifaceted novel about race and class in Jackson, Mississippi, during the Civil Rights Movement in the early 1960s. Kathryn Stockett tells the story of black maids and the white women for whom they work through the eyes of three women: Skeeter, the daughter of a white cotton farmer who returns from college to find she no longer fits in because she’d rather be a writer than a wife and mother; Aibileen, a black maid who works for one of Skeeter’s best friends, Elizabeth, and spends much of her time showering Elizabeth’s neglected daughter with love and affection; and Minny, a black maid whose outspoken ways and the Terrible Awful Thing she did to Hilly, another friend of Skeeter’s, makes it nearly impossible for her to find another job in the town.
Skeeter, longing to know why Constantine, the maid who was like a mother to her, left without explanation, wants to interview some of the town’s black maids about what it’s like working for their white employers. She begins to notice how her friends treat their maids, and like the reader, doesn’t understand why the woman you trust to raise your children, make all your meals, do the laundry, and polish the silver needs a bathroom in the garage to prevent the spread of “colored diseases.” But there is so much she doesn’t understand, and while Aibileen and Minny may have a lot to say about their jobs, they have reason to fear the consequences. After all, blacks are still being lynched for speaking out.
While much of the book is about the daily routines of the maids and their interactions with their white employers, Stockett also touches on class differences among whites and contrasts the relationships children have with their parents to the relationships they have with their maids. Her characters are well developed, and she does a good job emphasizing the complexity of race relations and how even those who believe things should change feel they can’t do anything about it, whether out of fear of being ostracized, fear for their lives, or because of their political aspirations.
The Girl (age 12) and I enjoyed The Help overall, but we both thought it dragged at times, and it took us awhile to get used to the dialect Stockett uses for the black maids. It seems like a story that could have happened at that time, but I think it’s important to remember (and I pointed this out to The Girl while we read) that the book is written by a white author — and even though she’s from the South and had a black maid, she can never truly know what it’s like to be in their shoes. But it is fiction, after all.
The Help was a hit with the book club. It certainly provided numerous talking points, even beyond the obvious race, class, and point-of-view issues. We discussed everything from the two-hour-long hair treatment Skeeter endured to how much we hated Hilly, and we gobbled up the numerous Southern dishes one of the members laid out for the occasion. (Check out Serena’s in-depth book club wrap-up here)
The Help is a book that really gets you thinking, especially about how we treat one another. Each of the characters affected me in some way, and I think Hilly is one of the most infuriating characters I’ve ever come across. It’s not a book you easily forget, and that alone makes it a worthwhile read.
Disclosure: The Help is from my personal library.
© 2012 Anna Horner of Diary of an Eccentric. All Rights Reserved. Please do not reproduce or republish content without permission. | <urn:uuid:feac8e22-fc65-46ec-a887-e46767d479bb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://diaryofaneccentric.wordpress.com/2012/10/26/review-the-help-by-kathryn-stockett/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00186-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972227 | 928 | 1.976563 | 2 |
These are the facts: Millions of Americans have asked the Federal Communications Commission to keep its current net neutrality regulations, which protect the free and open internet. These regulations were enacted as a result of decades of hearings, meetings, and legal battles. They have broad bipartisan public support. The current regulations have been upheld in court. They have not decreased investment in broadband, according to broadband companies themselves. And they are about to be dismantled.
FCC Chairman Ajit Pai has called those fighting to protect the open internet “hyperbolic” and “desperate.” He reads “mean tweets” to create viral hate clicks for conservative publications, jokes about being an industry shill at the “Telecom Prom,” and says Hollywood celebrities are the reason everyone is so riled up. His public pitch for repealing the regulations—to the extent that there is one at all—often boils down to suggesting that people who want the regulations to remain in place are hysterical or are overblowing the situation.
But you’re not hysterical: This is an undemocratic looting by telecom monopolists and an FCC commissioner who has shown no interest in engaging with the people of this country, let alone serving their best interests.
A poll released this week by the Program for Public Consultation and Voice of the People at the University of Maryland found that 83 percent of Americans—and 75 percent of Republicans—favor the current system (the group that conducted the poll clearly explained the current regulations as well as the proposed ones). Pai, meanwhile, has said that “volume and vitriol are not substitutes for actual arguments” and has stated that “desperate” people are raising “hyperbolic fears” about net neutrality violations that “never materialized before 2015.”
The “actual argument” for net neutrality that has been made, time and time again, is that without regulations that require ISPs to treat internet infrastructure as a data- and content-neutral pipe, they will be empowered to pick which types of websites and web services get preferential treatments on their networks. There are many examples of this already happening: AT&T blocking FaceTime and Comcast blocking BitTorrent are among the most famous.
But one need not understand net neutrality or telecom policy in order to realize that what the FCC is doing is both highly unusual and extremely fucked up:
- The FCC has declined to participate in a New York State attorney general probe into irregularities in the agency’s commenting process. There is public evidence that shows approximately a million stolen identities—including those of dead people—were used to support the FCC’s proposed net neutrality rollback.
- The FCC is being sued for not responding to Freedom of Information Act requests about net neutrality.
- Pai has said that there is no evidence that telecom companies violated net neutrality prior to the 2015 regulations. In addition to the Comcast and AT&T examples I listed above, here is a long list of telecom companies violating net neutrality prior to 2015. Comcast, meanwhile, has quietly removed a promise to honor net neutrality principles on its website.
- Pai’s FCC has also failed to enforce the current regulations as telecom companies use zero rating to favor video and music streaming services that they own or partner with. More than 50,000 consumer reports of net neutrality violations since 2015 have been ignored in the public comment process.
- Pai, the FCC, and telecom companies have falsely stated that net neutrality protections prevent telecom companies from using dedicated bandwidth for telemedicine that could help people who are sick and disabled. There is, in fact, a massive carveout in the current regulations that exempt companies from the rules for telemedicine services.
- Pai, the FCC, and think tanks funded by telecom companies have stated that net neutrality regulations have hurt broadband investment; telecom companies have told their investors that investment is increasing.
- Pai and the FCC have claimed that net neutrality regulations have hurt small ISPs, but have presented no data to back up this claim, and data that is available suggests the opposite is true.
- Technologists involved in the creation of the internet and its protocols said that Pai’s net neutrality repeal is “based on a flawed and factually inaccurate understanding of internet technology.”
“Procedural irregularity is really easy to spot,” Cory Doctorow, co-founder of BoingBoing and an activist with the Electronic Frontier Foundation who has been involved in the net neutrality fight for years told me. “When people act in ways that discredit the democratic process—when they throw away millions of comments—one after another after another of garbage people tactics—it’s easy for people to take the rule of thumb that shenanigans are usually there to mess me over, and say, ‘OK, this is definitely something that’s messing me over.’”
So no, you’re not wrong: This is a heist that is in line with a party and administration that has found itself in the temporary and tenuous position of being able to gift wrap tremendously unpopular legislation and regulatory rollbacks to corporate donors before a wave of progressive backlash gains the electoral clout necessary to turn off the faucet.
It is governance that rewards an industry that has spent a decade setting up an apparatus propped up by astroturf advocacy groups, think tanks they have funded, politicians they have bought, and a persistence that is only possible with an army of lawyers and unfathomably deep pockets.
There is little time to stop Thursday’s vote, but the millions of people who have fought to protect net neutrality should know that they were not wrong to speak up. They should remember the style of governance that allowed this to happen and vow to remove it from power as soon as possible. | <urn:uuid:cf6f6b32-21e0-49b4-a09f-d3d5d1d38241> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.vice.com/en/article/xwvg34/ajit-pai-net-neutrality-heist | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.966755 | 1,192 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Capital punishment is the punishment of death which is generally awarded to those guilty of heinous crimes, particularly murder and child rape. In Indian the traditional way of awarding this punishment is “handing by the neck” till the death of the criminal. In other countries, shooting, electric chair, etc…,are the various devices used for the purpose.
Though the awarding of capital punishment, specially for murder, is according to age-old, tradition, in recent times there has been much hue and cry against it. It has been said that capital punishment is brutal, that it is according to the law of jungle – “an eye for an eye”, and tooth for a tooth”. It is pointed out that there can be no more place for it in a civilized country. Moreover, judges are not infallible and there are instances where innocent people have been sent to the gallows owing to some error of judgment.
Capital punishment is nothing but judicial murder, it is said, specially when an innocent life is destroyed. Besides this, capital punishment, as is generally supposed, is not deterrent. Murders and other heinous crimes have continued unabated, inspite of it. The result of such views has been that in recent years there has been an increasing tendency in western countries to award life imprisonment instead of capital punishment. Muslims countries, generally speaking, continue to be more serve in this respect.
Despite frequent demands from all society Indian has not so far abolished capital punishment. But even in India there has been a decline in the frequency of such punishment. It is now awarded only in cases of hardened criminals and only when it is established that the murder was not the result of a momentary impulse, the result of serious provocation, but well-planned and cold-blooded. In such cases, it is felt that nothing less than capital punishment would meet the ends of justice, that it is just and proper that such pests of society are eliminated. Those who indulge in anti-social and sternest possible measures should be taken against them, specially when they are habitual offenders.
It is, therefore, in the fitness of things that India has not so far abolished capital punishment but used it more judiciously. Sociologist are of the view that capital punishment serves no useful purpose. A murderer deprives the family of the murdered person of its bread-winner. By sending the criminals to gallows, we in no way help or provide relief to the family of the murdered. Rather, we deprive another family of its bread-winner. The sociologists, therefore, suggest that the murderer should be sentenced for life to work and support the family of murdered person as well as his own. In this way, innocent women and children would be saved from much suffering, hunger and starvation. Moreover, such measures would provide the criminals with an opportunity to reform himself. He would be under strict watch and if his conduct is satisfactory, he may be allowed to return to society as a useful member of it.
There is much truth is such views, and they must be given due weightage before a decision is taken to abolish or retain capital punishment. But Capital punishment should be continue for those who commit rare of the rarest crimes such as child rape, group rape, terrorism and etc. | <urn:uuid:399df018-8b48-4eff-9cc1-62c66777c3ad> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.publishyourarticles.net/knowledge-hub/essay/should-capital-punishment-be-abolished-essay/1601/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00502-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976236 | 663 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Mariposa Trails is dedicated to community learning. We believe in creating opportunities to learn, exchange ideas and that community conversations are a way to lead respect, empathy and at the same time value different adversities. We are all vulnerable to an emotional crisis and our goal is to build capacity in the community and value mental health as well as physical health.
5 Ways To Wellbeing
Join us for the 5 Ways To Wellbeing Workshop in the Spanish-speaking community.
Interactive Activities. Information. Music Therapy with Diana & Jorge
Saturday 19th of December, 2020 -12:00 pm -3:30 pm
Para Hills Hub, 22 Wilkinson Road, Para Hills
For more information, contact us via firstname.lastname@example.org or via text on 0432 915 391
RSVP by the 16th of December
Knowing the Voice of Lived Experiences
This course explores the diverse experiences of living with stressful, traumatic situations and mental illness. We explore self-help strategies, services and interventions and connecting with other ideas that contribute respect and strengths to the lived experience.
Well-being and Resilience
A community course exploring how the physical, mental, social, cultural, psychological, and emotional aspects are interrelated. Includes interactive activities and practicing the 5 Ways To Well-Being.
Helpless to Hopeful
This course is written from personal perspectives on suicide and includes prevention messages including life-saving conversations and exploring risks and protective factors. This course will also give you links to support services and interventions that you can use.
October and December 2020
Previous EVENTS & Projects
última sesión del calendario
Espacio auspiciado de Australia Post Community grants y Northern Volunteering SA.
Resiliencia y Música
Mariposa Trails Website Launch
The launch brought over 60 participants from the Latin American community together to explore themes of belonging, identity, cultural expression and community responses to social health, wellbeing and suicide prevention. This event supported by the Salisbury Suicide Prevention Network. These occasions connect people, places and moments of joy and belonging creating a collective wellbeing experience involving language culture and the arts.
A Senior's project on wellbeing
Part of Arthink a project carried out in 2011, by Relationships Australia SA, Mark Loughhead senior practitoner and Estela Fuentes Community Educator. | <urn:uuid:6e292fb9-b8e9-452c-9d25-67e798fcede3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.mariposatrails.com.au/cursos | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.885789 | 497 | 1.976563 | 2 |
What is Primary Immunodeficiency?
Primary Immunodeficiencies are a group of more than 300 disorders of the immune system with varying degrees of severity. They occur when one or more essential parts of the immune system do not work correctly.
People with PI cannot get rid of pathogens or protect themselves from these pathogens as well as they should, causing frequent infections and other problems that are hard to cure. Infections may appear to be common illnesses such as sinus and ear infections, pneumonia, fever, common colds, and bronchitis.
Why Getting Help Is Important
Today patients with PI are able to gain and maintain control of their lives with treatment and intervention:
- They are able to participate in work, school, family, and social activities.
- They have fewer and less severe infections.
- They feel good about their treatment programs and, most importantly, themselves.
Failure to diagnose PI can lead to an increased number and severity of infections, frequent interruptions in work, school, family, and social activities, and a lifetime of serious illness, including permanent organ damage. There are many treatment options that can help patients diagnosed with PI lead healthier lives.
10 Warning Signs of PI
“These warning signs were developed by the Jeffrey Modell Foundation Medical Advisory Board. Consultation with Primary Immunodeficiency experts is strongly suggested. ©2013 Jeffrey Modell Foundation”. | <urn:uuid:5d678358-54fc-4669-8759-6c505a0af358> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bayallergyclinic.com/immune-deficiencies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.961379 | 286 | 3.390625 | 3 |
by Jeffrey L. Boney
NNPA Newswire Contributor
Political signs infiltrate Black neighborhoods, placed by campaign operatives hoping you remember their respective political candidate come election time. More importantly, these political operatives are hoping your familiarity with their respective candidate will drive you to the polls with the belief that their efforts will translate into votes for them at the ballot box.
Establishing familiarity is quite an effective tool, especially when it comes to creating a sense of connection with people. Now be honest. If connecting with people through establishing a sense of familiarity weren’t so effective, why would radio stations play the same song over and over again, or why would major companies spend an inordinate amount of money to consistently and strategically advertise their product or service to consumers on a regular basis?
Seeking to connect with people by establishing a sense of familiarity is one of the first things any campaign team tries to do to help get their respective candidate elected.
Have you ever noticed that during every election season, radio ads become more frequent, print mailers get sent out in bulk quantities and television ads get placed on any given network during key television shows in an effort to try and reach registered voters?
Politicians have long been staples in our community.
Many of them visit a church here, walk the block and knock on doors over there; kiss babies, shake hands and even give the Black community “stuff” to get them to come out to the polls and vote. It is fascinating the way some political candidates scurry around during election season trying to solicit the Black vote so that they can get elected to a certain office or retain their current seat. It’s an art. Many of these campaign operatives and elected officials have it down to a science.
However, when it comes to developing key, solid policies that will help the Black community, many of these same candidates disappear—never to be heard from again—until the next election cycle rolls around. Interestingly, many of these elected officials get a pass for doing nothing.
Now, if members of the Black community would be completely honest, they would admit that a lot of these elected officials are often treated like high-profile celebrities, rather than public servants who have the power to advocate for substantive policies that can literally change the economic landscape and quality of life of their communities.
One act of familiarity that has been a go-to-approach to reach the Black community has been the tactic of political candidates using certain gimmicks to solicit votes.
You know what I’m talking about: offering the Black community chicken dinners, BBQ cookouts, fish plates, steak days, gift cards, air conditioners for senior citizens, etc. Many of these politically-motivated gimmicks are being used right now to get Black people to vote for a particular candidate.
You know the routine. Black voters get out to vote, then there is very little reciprocity from many of the candidates towards the Black community, if they are elected.
Think about it for a moment and ask yourself some questions.
What evidence do you have to prove that any of your elected officials have actually advocated for you? Ask yourself, when it comes to developing sound policies and legislation for the Black community, when was the last time your elected officials drafted any policy or advocated for any legislation at the local, state and/or federal level that has positively impacted you?
Now, you may have been invited to a fish fry, steak dinner or community social event, but ask yourself, when was the first or last time any of your elected officials educated, equipped and informed your community about any key issues that would have an impact on their lives.
Truth be told, the Black community has been short-changed when it comes to advocacy by many of their elected officials, regardless of the elected official’s race or ethnicity. Blacks have also been deprived of having progressive and substantive policies drafted by many of their elected officials. In many cases, instead of talking to elected officials about substantive policies and key legislation, elected officials are often sought after to attend an event or take a picture with someone, as if they are a Hollywood star, versus a public servant who was elected to serve the people. Again, it’s about familiarity.
The Black community deserves to be treated more like a partner in a serious relationship and less like some fling on the side, easily plied with whispered sweet nothings in exchange for the only thing they really, truly want from us—the Black vote.
The Black community must stop allowing disengaged elected officials to continue making empty promises in order to get their vote, and then turn around, close the deal (get their vote), and never hear anything from these individuals until they need our votes again. The same thing goes for political candidates who don’t win when they run for office as well.
Elected officials are not highly-paid Hollywood entertainers. Elected officials are public servants. The Black community must stop treating elected officials, as if they are the hottest celebrity and start demanding sound policy offerings from them. The Black community must embrace accountability and adopt a realistic expectation of having their elected officials be the advocates they need to get things done and fight for them, by any means necessary.
This year, the National Newspaper Publishers Association (NNPA), a trade group representing over 200 Black-owned media companies across the U.S., is focused on encouraging 5 million Blacks to register to vote before the midterm elections. We need to elect politicians who care about creating sound legislation and being advocates for the Black community year-round.
The same energy and efforts that these elected officials use to get elected, or re-elected, should be the same energy they use when it comes to sitting down with the Black community to better understand our needs and advocate for policies that positively impact their community.
If the constituents of these elected officials have not progressed since they have been in office, and are no more advanced as a result of their leadership, it is time to start looking for new leadership.
Elected officials can keep giving out chicken dinners, BBQ cookouts, fish plates, steak days, gift cards, air conditioners for senior citizens, etc., but what the Black community really needs, however, are sound policies, legislation and advocacy from their elected officials.
Jeffrey L. Boney serves as Associate Editor and is an award-winning journalist for the Houston Forward Times newspaper. Jeffrey has been a frequent contributor on “The Nancy Grace Show” and “Crime & Justice with Ashleigh Banfield.” Jeffrey is a radio personality and a dynamic, international speaker, experienced entrepreneur, business development strategist and Founder/CEO of the Texas Business Alliance. If you would like to request Jeffrey as a speaker, you can reach him at firstname.lastname@example.org. Follow Jeffrey on Twitter @realtalkjunkies. | <urn:uuid:476c894e-5f03-424c-ac48-114efd174838> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theneworleanstribune.com/2018/06/30/what-others-are-saying-black-voters-must-hold-all-politicians-accountable/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.970695 | 1,404 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Applies To: Windows Server 2008 & Windows Server 2008 R2
Group Policy Preferences (GPP) allow you to specify computer and user configuration settings. These settings allow granular configuration not available using regular Group Policy. GPP also provides filtering of settings using item-level targeting which allows
for granular application of settings to subset of users or computers. Group Policy Preferences contain a number of different preference extensions. The different extensions can log the same event ID, but are interpreted differently depending on the preference
Group Policy Preference events are written to the Application log. Informational events are only logged when the relevant Group Policy settings are enabled through specific Administrative Template settings. The path to the settings per preference area is:
Computer Configuration\Policies\Administrative Templates\System\Group Policy\Logging and tracing
When evaluating Event ID 4098 for Group Policy Printers, the specific error that is logged within the event message distinguishes among root causes for the event.
The Printers preference extension logs the error message and the error code. This information appears on the
Details tab of the error message in Event Viewer. The error code (displayed as a hexadecimal) and error description fields further identify the reason for the failure. Evaluate the error code with the list below:
This error code usually indicates that the Printer is configured with a type 4 print drivers.
Group Policy Preference TCP/IP printers do not support Type 4 print drivers. The printer must be configured on the server with Type 3 drivers.
The printer driver type can be discovered as follows:
If it is determined that the print drive is type 4, a type 3 print drive must be selected instead. This can be done within the Print Management console by selecting the type 3 driver from the drop down list, if already installed on the print server. If the
type 3 driver is not already installed on the print server, you can install the type 3 driver from the Advanced tab. Select New Driver.
Most type 3 print drivers can be downloaded from Windows Update. If the type 3 driver is not available from Windows Update, see the printer manufacturer's website.
Group Policy applies during computer startup and user logon. Afterwards, Group Policy applies every 90 to 120 minutes. Events appearing in the event log may not reflect the most current state of Group Policy. Group Policy Printers will continue to apply
every refresh unless the "Apply once and do not reapply" option has been selected on the Common tab. Therefore, you should always refresh Group Policy to determine if Group Policy is working correctly.
To refresh Group Policy on a specific computer:
Group Policy Printers is working correctly if this event ID is no longer logged in the Application log. | <urn:uuid:eb15b998-d7ad-4e4d-977c-f6d39108177f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/12743.windows-server-event-id-4098-group-policy-preferences-group-policy-printers.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00219-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.830642 | 558 | 1.6875 | 2 |
And saw two ships standing by the lake: but the fishermen were gone out of them, and were washing their nets. And he entered into one of the ships, which was Simon’s, and prayed him that he would thrust out a little from the land. And he sat down, and taught the people out of the ship. Now when he had left speaking, he said unto Simon, Launch out into the deep, and let down your nets for a draught. And Simon answering said unto him, Master, we have toiled all the night, and have taken nothing: nevertheless at thy word I will let down the net. Luke 5:2-5
Imagine this, your a professional fisherman and you’ve been fishing all night, then some stranger walks up to you and says “Hey why don’t you put the net on the other side of the boat” You’re first reaction is probably curse words we can’t repeat, however Peter was respectful to Jesus and did as he said.
What was happening here? Jesus is not only going to select his first Apostles, but he’s going to teach Peter about faith and obedience. Jesus knows what he told Peter doesnt make any logical sense, however he wanted to test Peter and see if he would be obedient and faithful to his commands
And when they had this done, they inclosed a great multitude of fishes: and their net brake. And they beckoned unto their partners, which were in the other ship, that they should come and help them. And they came, and filled both the ships, so that they began to sink. When Simon Peter saw it, he fell down at Jesus’ knees, saying, Depart from me; for I am a sinful man, O Lord. Luke 5:6-8
Notice what happened when Peter listened to The Lord’s instructions, he caught so many fish , he needed multiple men to bring in the nets. Once Peter realized who Jesus is , notice his reaction. Peter fell on his knees and said “I am a sinful man, O Lord” this is a true display of repentance. Have you ever went to your knees in true repentance and declared who Jesus is?
For he was astonished, and all that were with him, at the draught of the fishes which they had taken: And so was also James, and John, the sons of Zebedee, which were partners with Simon. And Jesus said unto Simon, Fear not; from henceforth thou shalt catch men. And when they had brought their ships to land, they forsook all, and followed him. Luke 5:9-11
But lets not miss the message Jesus was trying to convey with the miracle. Peter was now called to be an Apostle of Christ, to catch people instead of fish! How? By preaching the gospel, hence the symbolism of the fishing net. And the Apostles were not going to just catch a few people, they were going to start a revolution called the Church, which the gates of Hell will never prevail against it
Jesus called Peter and the other Apostles , and they answered , following Christ! Are you being called today? Are you a Fisher of Men? Time is running short, build Gods Kingdom and save souls in Jesus name Amen! | <urn:uuid:263d1ff7-73c0-4dd1-9363-8bd5ba00d9c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://unashamedofjesus.org/2021/09/07/luke-5-fisher-of-men/?like_comment=25772&_wpnonce=3244f5036b | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.98566 | 676 | 1.929688 | 2 |
A library lends out books so that its patrons can read them for free, without any extra payment to the publisher beyond the purchase price of the book.
Gregory Hart felt that the internet could work the same way. On his website, HTMLComics.com, Hart posted entire issues of comics for the public to read. He claimed that this did not infringe on anyone’s copyright because his site was simply a virtual library, allowing users to read the books online but not download them to keep. In fact, Hart was so confident of his theory that he dared comics publishers to sue him so the courts could settle the matter.
This week, Hart got his wish: On April 20, the FBI executed a search warrant and confiscated Hart’s servers, and on May 27, the U.S. Department of Justice filed a lawsuit against him, charging that he violated federal copyright laws.
While HTMLComics.com is now offline, another of Hart’s sites, LibraryLaw.com, is still up and contains his arguments as to why posting comics on the net is perfectly legal. He maintains that HTMLComics.com is “a public resource for reading material, hence a ‘Library.'” Like a library, he said, the site provides reading material to the public for free but does not allow people to keep the books, because the site is set up not to allow users to download the materials (although numerous people have stated that in fact they did so).
Not so, says attorney Michael Lovitz of the law firm BuchalterNemer. Libraries are allowed to lend out books under something called the “first sale doctrine” of copyright law, which says that once a copy of a work has been legally purchased, the copyright owner has no further control of its distribution. “Thus, a library which acquires (by purchase or gift) various works can then lend them (or even re-sell them, which libraries do from time to time),” Lovitz told CBR News.
But that’s not what Hart did. He made or acquired electronic copies of the comics and posted them online for multiple people to read at once.
“First, by creating the electronic copy, he infringed the right to reproduce and the right to create a derivative work,” Lovitz said. “Nothing in the statute would appear to permit this (although libraries are permitted to make an archival copy under certain circumstances).”
“Second, and more importantly, unlike a library where only one person at a time can borrow the book, the HTMLComics ‘library’ would allow an infinite number of people to ‘borrow’ a particular comic book issue simultaneously. Â Since libraries can only lend as many copies as it may have purchased (or received by donation), it seems unlikely he purchased enough copies for even two people to read at the same time.”
In fact, many of the comics on the site were not purchased by Hart at all. According to the Associated Press account of the lawsuit, Hart told lawyers for Marvel Comics that he used digital comics that had been scanned by other people and sent to him. Hart, or someone posting under the name HTMLComics.com, went on the forums of Demonoid, a Bittorrent site, asking users to send him scans of comics, often asking for particular titles to complete a series.
The process of posting the comics online, which started with unauthorized copies, also involved the creation of even more unauthorized copies, Lovitz said.
“By converting the comics to electronic forms, Mr. Hart [or whoever scanned the comics] engaged in unauthorized reproduction and unauthorized creation of a derivative work,” he said. “Further, by allowing access via the Internet, those unauthorized reproductions were distributed through numerous servers, each making a copy of his (unauthorized) electronic copy. Then those (unauthorized) copies were displayed on computer screens. Â Each of these steps are infringements of the remaining rights in the copyright owner’s arsenal.”
In other words, Hart could be looking at a lot of copyright infringement charges, if the lawyers choose to go that route.
On his LibraryLaw site, Hart placed great emphasis on the fact that he made no money from HTMLComics.com, which charged no fee, did not require readers to sign in and carried no advertising. Hart added:
The laws of the United States support our position and our usage and creation of a library, and; because we don’t require membership nor does our library incur fees for late returns of rented literature, our library is a more pure form of non-profit than is a community public library, or even the Library of Congress. Â To this extent, it isn’t possible to make a donation to our library, hence there are zero dollars transacted.
Hart was essentially arguing that his site was legal because it was “fair use,” which is permitted under copyright law, but fair use does not hinge only on the question of money. “The statute states there are factors to be considered by a court in making a ‘fair use’ determination, including (1) ‘the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes,'” Lovitz said. “Thus, if he argues that his posting was for a nonprofit purpose, he can claim that the first ‘fair use’ factor weighs in his favor.”
However, that is only one of four conditions that he must meet to be considered fair use. “For this project, the more important question is the amount of the taking and whether he took more than he needed to take (which he clearly did),” Lovitz said.
Hart not only maintained that his site was legal, he was aggressive in his defense of it. On May 12, 2009, a user named htmlComic posted on the forums of Demonoid.com, pointing readers to HTMLComics.com and going on to say:
The website has been up for about 8 months now, and; after extensive initial contact with DC and Marvel legal departments (along with many other publishing companies’ legal departments) during its first 2 months, there has been no response within the past 6 months from any of them. We asked each of them if they felt there was valid infringement, to please file civil proceedings against our company so that the matter could be reviewed before the courts, and none has followed through with our request.
Creators Harlan Ellison and Colleen Doran have both stated publicly that Hart responded aggressively to their requests to stop posting his work. On May 5, Ellison posted this on his bulletin board:
When we advised him to cease and desist, he essentially told me to go fuck myself, and urged me to sue him. Just like every one of them, all the way back to my AOL suit, he told me he couldn’t be found, he was impregnable, I could go fuck myself.
Doran reported a similar response on her blog:
When I very politely asked him to remove my comics from his website, he sent me a belligerent letter and threatened to lawyer me into oblivion:
“…we’ll see you in court and we’ll be the ones cashing your compensatory damages check.”
He bragged about how much he loved battling with lawyers…and about how much money he had.
Despite this exchange, Hart did eventually remove Doran’s materials from his website.
Despite Hart’s feisty defense of his theory, he had already been informed that it was flawed. In March 2009, he posted a description of his site at FindLaw Answers, asking for specific laws and precedents that would support his argument. The exchange there highlights what Hart may have been after: “The end objective is to create an online library, of EVERY book that has EVER been published,” he said, adding, “By taking on the most aggressive adversary, the comic book companies, and by confirming that my approach is in fact the definition of a library, I will be able to move on to the next level.”
Instead, everyone who responded told him that he was wrong and that he should consult a lawyer before going any further. “Calling yourself a “library” doesn’t make it so,” responded one poster. “You’d best get to an attorney ASAP. As far as I can see you are the verge of being sued and you have no legal defense.”
The copyright statute allows publishers to recover damages of up to $30,000 for copyright infringement, but it also allows the court to reduce those damages to $200 in a case where the infringer “was not aware and had no reason to believe that his or her acts constituted an infringement of copyright.” Hart’s aggressive defense of his theory suggests that he truly believed it was correct, but informed legal opinion seems to be that he will not be vindicated by the court. | <urn:uuid:bb25b86a-ae28-420b-b72e-e6dccf4193ee> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.cbr.com/htmlcomics-proprietor-used-library-defense/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719908.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00157-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980039 | 1,901 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Once upon a time, children were allowed to play outside and explore the world. Family dinners were the rule, not the exception. Rock and roll was new, exciting, and a little dangerous. This may sound like the setting of an old movie, but for author Anthony N. Botta it formed the background of his life as he grew up in a large Italian family in a New York City borough. In Stumps in the Outfield, he narrates his life story, beginning with his birth in 1952. He shares how, as a young boy he didn't understand the war or the social revolutions about to take place. All he knew was his love of baseball, music, and his family. Botta tells a story filled with first crushes, dreams, and bitter disappointments. From his memories of the nuns of his school to his early marriage and subsequent divorce, Botta offers a rich account of a time many wish they knew. Witty and sometimes heartbreaking, this memoir captures and celebrates the joy, drama, and trauma of a generation of change.
To view this DRM protected ebook on your desktop or laptop you will need to have Adobe Digital Editions installed. It is a free software. We also strongly recommend that you sign up for an AdobeID at the Adobe website. For more details please see FAQ 1&2. To view this ebook on an iPhone, iPad or Android mobile device you will need the Adobe Digital Editions app, or BlueFire Reader or Txtr app. These are free, too. For more details see this article.
|Size: ||1.7 MB|
|Publisher: ||Lulu Publishing Services|
|Date published: || 2014|
|ISBN: ||9781483410746 (DRM-EPUB)|
|Read Aloud: ||not allowed| | <urn:uuid:1cdd3089-b979-4e52-965d-728b594d1322> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.lybrary.com/stumps-in-the-outfield-p-637817.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00155-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961411 | 373 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Health systems are generating more patient data than ever. With disease progression, each patient’s “data footprint” increases over time, increasing the total amount of data, which must be managed by the appropriate agencies (mostly healthcare providers).
Large amounts of data are inherently difficult to manage, but large amounts of data also mean that better analytical results can be obtained, which is necessary for lower cost and better patient outcomes. Consequently, there is a high demand for data management platforms in healthcare and related industries to efficiently store, retrieve, consolidate and display data.
A Vendor Neutral File (VNA) is an integral component of modern health data management. A VNA is a storage solution software that can store clinically relevant images, documents, and other files in a standard format with a standard interface.
Data stored in a VNA can be freely accessed by other systems, regardless of the manufacturers of those systems. This interoperability is a hallmark of any VNA system. The term “Neutral” in the acronym VNA has huge implications, as it makes the data stored in VNA platform independent. VNAs facilitate data exchange throughout the healthcare system, facilitating communication between departments. They allow imaging physicians to use software that integrates images with the EHR to help make better-informed diagnoses.Cloud PACS system
A VNA can also help make data more secure. VNAs that use cloud-based storage can offer better recovery options than a local-only solution. Even if local files are damaged or destroyed, the data remains intact in a safe location via a cloud server.
Another hidden benefit of NPVs is the reduction in administrative costs. Fewer systems and fewer access points mean less overhead for the IT department. And there is no need to migrate data when systems are upgraded or replaced, a resource-intensive procedure. VNAs potentially offer lower storage costs, compared to separate PACS systems, also throughout the healthcare system. VNAs can use information lifecycle management applications to automatically move older data to less expensive long-term storage, keeping only the most used data on higher-cost, fast-access media.
The implementation of a VNA is a major change in the operating procedures of a health system. This change can uncover a multitude of opportunities to increase efficiency, optimize workflows, and reduce costs.
Modern diagnostic practices generate an enormous amount of imagery and pictorial data. PACS stands for Picture Archive and Communication System. The primary goal of PACS is to simplify image management related to patient monitoring throughout treatment and recovery. Modern radiology practices involve digital imaging. Therefore, for the purposes of interoperability, a standard is required, which is identified by all interested parties and accepted as a standard.
The case in question is DICOM, which stands for Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine. PACS that adhere to DICOM standards are better suited to digital image data generated through medical devices purchased from different vendors. In other words, DICOM-compliant PACS have better interoperability and broader coverage for storing and processing different types of digital images generated through various medical procedures.
Conventional benefits of PACS include deduplication, quick access to patient images and reports, remote sharing of patient data and reports within an organization or with other organizations, and establishing a timeline in the radiology results of the patients, to facilitate comparison with previous studies in the same or other patients. | <urn:uuid:44937f97-83fc-4f71-8b1f-5e7836a80a89> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.data-display.com/amazing-technology-to-help-improve-our-healthcare-system/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.91886 | 697 | 2.625 | 3 |
Alexandra Barnes must be hanging around Kanye West, because she thinks she's God.(sarcasm) It all went down at a gas station in Daytona Beach, Florida. It started out as beautiful day at the beach front gas station, until Ms. Barnes showed up to pump some gas.
A gas station in Texas had a computer glitch and customers were NOT complaining. The reason many of it's customers weren't complaining is because they were getting away with gas for just $1.01 PER GALLON!! Yes, we have not seen gas prices like this in decades, yet customers at a gas station in Pasadena, Texas got the break of a lifetime!!!
This surveillance camera footage shows someone who clearly has no idea how to drive. Considering it took place in South Florida, we can only assume that this is an elderly person who can barely see above the steering wheel.
Uninsured driving is a serious matter in the eyes of the government, but perhaps none more so than for UK officials. In fact, some government authorities from across the pond would like to prohibit gas stations from letting those people fill up their tanks.
Turmoil in the Middle East is nothing new. Gas prices going up is nothing new. What is new is the possibility that we could be looking at prices at the pump lurking in the neighborhood of $5 a gallon by the summer. And that’s painful. | <urn:uuid:bd80dfac-99b6-4bc5-a4bb-e2dbf155e8e7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://1079ishot.com/tags/gas/page/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.981948 | 282 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Part 1 of the Back from the Dead series on retreaded tires covers the benefits — and little or no downside — of using retreaded tires and how to implement a retread program at your fleet. Part 2 will cover how investment in a retread program can pay off in the long and short run. See it here.
If there is a prevalent frustration in the commercial tire industry today, it’s that many fleet owners and truck drivers remain suspicious of retreads. As a consequence, some fleets lack a coherent used tire program – and they simply are throwing money away.
One would be hard-pressed to find a large national Class 8 fleet that does not have a comprehensive – and often highly detailed and data-driven – used tire and retread program. According to many tire makers, such programs remain underused among small and medium-sized fleets.
Up to 75 percent of the “alligators” – blown tire parts on highways – that people see actually are new tires or tires in their first life, says Mark Totten, vice president of sales and marketing for Goodyear’s Wingfoot Truck Care Centers. Moreover, fleets with basic used tire programs easily can save a minimum of 50 percent on three cycles of a tire’s four-cycle life.
“New tires today can be retread up to four times after their initial tread life ends,” Totten says. “The cost of a retread tire is half that of a brand-new tire.” Totten says the math is simple: Buy a new tire for full price, and once it wears out, it can be retreaded for half the initial acquisition cost. “You can do that up to four more times,” he says. “The savings are significant.”
Starting a retread program
The number of times a tire can be retreaded is situational and depends on a number of factors. Harvey Brodsky, managing director of the Retread Tire Association, says the main issues are the quality of the fleet’s tire maintenance program and the applications where the tires are used.
A fleet running trucks in rocky terrain – such as building projects or unpaved roads – is far more likely to get only one retread because of damage caused to the casing. A fleet running over the highways on the interstate, where the roads generally are in good condition, will enjoy more retreading opportunities.
“A fleet with a proper and well-maintained maintenance program can get up to three retreads before the tire’s life is over – one retread for use in a drive wheel position, and the other two retreads for use on trailers,” Brodsky says.
Fleets starting a tire program should understand that retread and used tire programs are different in nature, says Tom Fanning, Continental Tire the Americas’ director of replacement sales, North and Central America. Any tire removed from service for any reason should be inspected thoroughly by a qualified professional before the decision is made to put it back on a truck.
“Many fleets remove tires in pairs for proper matching and miss this important step on the ‘good’ tire that is placed in the rack for future use,” Fanning says. “That lack of inspection can potentially place a questionable tire back into service and cost the fleet expensive downtime that is easily avoided.” Casings sent for retreading are inspected before and after the retread process and should be ready to return to service when needed, he says.
Retreading a casing not only extends the tire’s life, it also saves oil and other natural resources required to create a replacement tire; it also reduces the tire contribution to landfills.
“This can be very important for fleets interested in reducing their carbon footprint or who have specific environmental targets they would like to meet,” Fanning says. Many of today’s retreads also are engineered to reduce fuel consumption. “With careful selection, fleets won’t miss out on the reduced rolling resistance that used to be found only with new tires,” he says.
Many heavy-duty fleets set rules and standards for casings sent for retreading, and those practices can be emulated by small and medium-duty fleets.
“A linehaul fleet may set a standard that they only run casings that are no more than five years old, only have a certain number of repairs and have only been retread twice,” says Ron Gilbert, Kumho Tire U.S.A.’s director of commercial tire sales.
While such standards generate more rejections, they help the fleet reduce potential road service calls and downtime by removing casings that do not meet specifications. Meanwhile, many sanitation fleets may extend the timeframe and number of allowable retreads to maximize the casing’s value and use.
“In a well-maintained linehaul fleet with a good tire and retread program, it is not unusual for a fleet to get the original tread, plus two to three retreads from a tire,” says Gilbert, who lists some basic starting factors to ensure a used tire and retread program’s successful implementation:
- The initial purchase of a good quality new tire;
- A dedicated overall vehicle and tire maintenance program; and
- Support by a top-quality complete-service tire dealer and retreader.
Today’s retread tires retain all the characteristics of new tires, Totten says. “You can spec the exact same tread patterns on the retread tire that came on the tire when it was new,” he says. “There is absolutely no degradation in terms of performance or efficiency when running retreads.”
The longer a fleet can keep a casing in play, the more money it will save. “All major truck tires are designed for multiple lives,” Brodsky says. “To not maximize a fleet’s payback for their tire investment by retreading is crazy.” | <urn:uuid:bfbf99d2-6842-4fc4-ad9b-35db357cfa87> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.ccjdigital.com/back-from-the-dead-using-retreads-to-maximize-profitability-part-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721405.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00312-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953493 | 1,254 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Go Beyond the Job Description: A 100-Day Action Plan for Optimizing Talents and Building Engagement
This book is approved for SHRM recertification credit.
Purchase the Kindle version to start reading immediately.
Go Beyond the Job Description offers a step-by-step process for increasing productivity, motivation, and engagement with a proven 100-day action plan to optimize employee skills, talents, and contributions at work. It looks beyond the day-to-day tasks and responsibilities and considers in depth employee talents, opportunities, and development now and in the future and incorporates them in practical and meaningful ways that benefit both employee and organization.
A methodical and insightful book with detailed guidelines for any HR professional or general manager looking to optimize employee talent and build sustainable engagement — especially those with limited time and funds — Go Beyond the Job Description features assessments, development plans, strategic transition plans, and all the resources and tools you need to ensure success!
“Whether you are just starting out in your career or a senior executive, this book is an absolute must read. Dr. Lesko delivers an easy-to-understand action plan to optimizing yourself and your staff that produces real results organizations and employees will benefit from for a long time.” — Chris Gray, HR Consultant
“A great book for anyone looking to get out of their comfort zone and take their career to the next level.” — Shiva Venkatraman, CEO, Varidus
“Go Beyond the Job Description provides a proven roadmap for improving talent engagement with a 100-day action plan that motivates employees to do their best work every day.” — Alison Davis, CEO, Davis & Company
“Ashley Lesko has written a wonderful book for anyone interested in learning useful and timesaving suggestions for hiring and retaining talent. It is full of real-life strategies and stories from both HR and management perspectives; read it and learn from one of the best.” — Wes Auberry, Ph.D., SHRM-SCP
About the Author
Ashley Prisant Lesko, Ph.D., SHRM-CP, has a multifaceted background — from working as an officer in the U.S. Navy and holding leadership roles in Fortune 100 companies, to educating students at colleges and universities, and speaking at industry events. She has filled various roles at Amazon in operations, leadership and finance with oversight of more than $45 million and training programs, budgeting, and strategy across multiple fulfillment centers. She now leads Square Peg Solutions, an organization dedicated to helping companies develop leaders through a refined and tested talent engagement optimization process.
|Name||Go Beyond the Job Description: A 100-Day Action Plan for Optimizing Talents and Building Engagement|
|Author||Ashley Prisant Lesko| | <urn:uuid:157964ca-9f45-47e9-ba39-45a4efa3dc05> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://store.shrm.org/Go-Beyond-the-Job-Description-A-100-Day-Action-Plan-for-Optimizing-Talents-and-Building-Engagemen | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.911705 | 640 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Biofeedback is a process that enables an individual to learn how to change physiological activity for the purposes of improving health and performance. Precise instruments measure physiological activity such as brainwaves, heart function, breathing, muscle activity, and skin temperature. These instruments rapidly and accurately "feed back" information to the user. The presentation of this information — often in conjunction with changes in thinking, emotions, and behavior — supports desired physiological changes. Over time, these changes can endure without continued use of an instrument.
Approved May 18, 2008 by:
Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback (AAPB)
Biofeedback Certification International Alliance (BCIA)
International Society for Neurofeedback and Research (ISNR)
Brighten Your Life with Biofeedback
Recent research shows us that the brain needs four basic types of nurturing to help it to help you stay bright and alert, yet calm and relaxed at the same time!
1. First, you must remember to drink enough water to prevent dehydration, fatigue and confusion. What is enough water? One 8oz glass or bottle every three hours during waking time would work very nicely in this regard.
2. Second, remember to eat protein at every meal, especially breakfast and NEVER skip breakfast; the brain is busy creating dopamine to help you focus and concentrate in the morning; that is when it needs protein to help facilitate dopamine production. Never let your blood sugar fall by skipping meals; that dulls brain functioning and creates mood swings and irritability.
3. Thirdly, the length and quality of your night sleep will determine how alert and calm you are the next day. Avoiding caffeine and liquids before bedtime and doing a simple relaxation exercise before bed will help you to go into the sleep mode in a more relaxed manner. Then, hopefully you will fall asleep faster and stay asleep longer, waking up refreshed and renewed.
4. Finally, the way you BREATHE , has a very powerful influence upon how you experience your daily activities; how you respond to stressors, real or perceived.
Breathe slowly, in through your nose to a slow count of 4 or 5
Do not hold your breath, but let it out slowly through your mouth or nose to a slow count of 5 or 6.
As you exhale, let your jaw & shoulders drop.
Biofeedback uses non-invasive devices to measure how effective your relaxation interventions are and can then also guide you to learn how to control your body’s stress responses. This can help to mediate or diminish the anxiety related to symptoms such as: Migraine and tension headache, stress, irritable bowel syndrome, Raynauds syndrome, ADHD, ADD focusing issues, insomnia, tinnitus, high blood pressure and more. | <urn:uuid:a4e9cc71-efe0-4398-bef2-647e36cd14d1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nybiofeedback.com/what-is-biofeedback | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.915313 | 573 | 2.953125 | 3 |
I'm looking for wood stains in aerosol cans. I thought Minwax might have
them but checking the local DIY stores was not successful.
Anyone know if wood satins come in aerosol cans and who makes them?
Re: Why? I have made four small wine racks (each holds 20 bottles) using
white pine. The racks are basically open cages where the bottles run on 1" x
1" rails. I found the design in a local World Market and copied it. The
racks will fit into into small boxes I made which are stained/varnished. Now
SWIMBO has decreed the racks MUST be stained. I guess just staining the ends
could be OK.
If you are unable to reach parts with a brush or rag, make your own spray.
Dump the stain in an old bottle from window cleaner or similar and try that.
You don't need perfect spray patterns like you were doing a paint job.
Paint stores and box stores sell an aerosol unit to be filled with your
own product = glass bottle with can of air that fits on top. Refills of
air can be purchased. They are great for smaller stuff - I tried them
first when I painted louvered closet doors. Beautiful! With paint, it
recommends dilution of ?1:4. Guy at my paint store said he wasn't
allowed to recommend using m.s. to thin, but when I asked if it would
work, he said it works great. Penetrol is used for oil paint, I
believe. Probably would not need to thin stain.
Actually Minwax does have some aerosol spray stains.....I purchased a
few cans to experiment with a few months ago....
But to be honest I have no clue this morning where I purchased
them...but most likely Home Depot or Lowes...
However.... my results were not that great...Took too many coats
to get a look I liked, thus took much longer...and it was actually
more work then just wiping on a liquid stain...
HomeOwnersHub.com is a website for homeowners and building and maintenance pros. It is not affiliated with any of the manufacturers or service providers discussed here.
All logos and trade names are the property of their respective owners. | <urn:uuid:c1d28ed6-c30d-4907-b483-7aa0f8367015> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.homeownershub.com/maintenance/wood-stain-in-aerosol-can-68114-.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00358-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967238 | 480 | 1.5 | 2 |
May 14, 2014
from 01:15 PM to 02:15 PM
|Where||Classroom, Department of Architecture|
|Add event to calendar||
The small Middle Eastern nation of Qatar is much in the news, both for its political maneuvering and its human rights abuses. This talk will describe the breathtakingly vast and rapid urban transformation of Qatar and how a design-research center is addressing some of nation's most pressing problems related to its lofty ambitions.
Chomowicz received a Bachelors of Architecture Degree from the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, a Masters of Design Studies in the history and theory of architecture from Harvard University, studied economics and political economy at the Graduate Faculty at the New School for Social Research, and is currently completing his PhD at London Metropolitan University. Throughout his professional career Chomowicz has maintained an equal footing in design education with teaching and administrative positions at the University of Florida, Catholic University of America, the Cooper Union and the Johns Hopkins University. Chomowicz’s research focuses on the ancient origins of architecture and urban planning in the Middle East and its relationship to current building schemes. He has been the head architect on a number of archaeological excavations throughout the region. | <urn:uuid:05cc776e-fece-409e-a52e-a78faf4a6b60> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.arct.cam.ac.uk/events/martin-centre-research-seminar-series-power-and-politics-in-the-middle-east-a-designers-perspective | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00115-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947993 | 250 | 1.78125 | 2 |
By Amy Julia Becker
Our daughter Penny (above left) was born with Down syndrome almost five years ago. After the initial shock of her diagnosis wore off, we began to feel grateful – privileged even – to have a child with an extra 21st chromosome. Penny introduced us to a world of special needs and special people. She opened our hearts to a wider understanding of what it means to be human and what it means to see every human being as a gift.
Penny has a little brother, William (above right), who is a typically-developing two-year old. She has another sibling on the way, due in January. When I was pregnant with William, I often received comments about how good it would be for Penny to have siblings. To have role models, so to speak. And I often responded, “Yes, and how good it will be for Penny’s siblings to have her.” As a role model, so to speak.
In our culture, having a family member with a disability is often viewed as a burden. When I wrote a piece for the Motherlode blog of the New York Times (Deciding Not to Screen for Down Syndrome) about my choice not to undergo prenatal screening during this pregnancy, many of the comments implied I was a negligent mother: negligent to the child in the womb, perhaps, but more so to William. William, it was assumed, would shoulder the ‘burden’ of caring for his sister, and he would also shoulder the ‘burden’ of caring for his younger sibling should I give birth to another child with special needs.
And yet when I look at Penny and William together, I don’t see one child who’s a burden and one child who’s bearing the brunt of having a sister with a disability. Rather, I see Penny and William in relationship. There are some difficulties—Penny grabs her brother’s toys sometimes and pesters him with her foot during meals and talks to him in a stern voice if he disobeys. William has temper-tantrums and says “no” just to bug her and grabs her toys in return. Together, they are learning how to share, how to communicate, and how their actions impact other people. Penny has a little brother who will help her when her fingers can’t manage a fine-motor task. William has the privilege of growing up with a big sister who has more empathy than almost anyone I’ve ever known. He sees her scamper to get a cane for her great-grandmother. He hears her ask to pray for the little boy in her class at school who can’t walk. Perhaps he notices the look of alarm on her face now that my pregnancy has progressed enough that I struggle to get up from playing with them on the floor. He sees the look of concern whenever he cries and she rushes to his side: “Do you need a hug, William?”
In other words, Penny is already a friend and an annoyance, a role model and a sparring partner. Some of that is because she has Down syndrome. Most of it is just because she’s his sister.
But life will be harder for Penny, I suspect, as she navigates the challenges of a society that has trouble accepting her and often mocks the characteristics associated with her condition.
Despite all the limitations that come with Down syndrome, I continue to believe that Penny’s life is a gift, and that she has a positive role to play in our family and in our community.
I was talking about these things with a friend the other day, and I said, “Other people see it as a negative that Penny is in our family, but I see it as just the opposite. I often wish that I had grown up with a sibling with Down syndrome. I think I would be a different person, a better person.”
My friend replied, “But have you ever wished that you personally had Down syndrome? If Down syndrome is a gift, then is it a gift you would want for yourself?”
And I said, “The thought has never crossed my mind.”
At first, I felt guilty. In this hypothetical universe, why wouldn’t I want that extra chromosome? Some of my answer stems from the reality that life with Down syndrome is, in many ways, harder than life without. But some of it is that I’m content with who I am, just as I am content with who our daughter is. I wouldn’t add a chromosome to my genetic makeup, but I also wouldn’t take it away from Penny’s.
What I would do, however, is offer every individual who doesn’t have Down syndrome the opportunity to know and love someone who does. People with Down syndrome are often talked about in polarizing terms. They are either a ‘burden’ or they are ‘angels.’ Neither is true. People with Down syndrome are people. Many of them face medical, social and emotional problems. Many of them also exhibit an extraordinary sense of compassion and care for others. Will Penny be a burden to her brother? I doubt it. I suspect that she will be a blessing to him, that she will add great joy to his life even as she needs his help in aspects of her own.
So I’m back to where I started: grateful that Penny and William have each other, grateful that this new baby will have these siblings, and grateful that I have the privilege of knowing and loving each one of my children.
Amy Julia Becker writes about theology, disability, family, and culture at Thin Places. | <urn:uuid:d92bb385-c294-4e81-b302-9956f256a571> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://bloom-parentingkidswithdisabilities.blogspot.ca/2010/11/would-you-like-to-have-down-syndrome.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719215.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00199-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984873 | 1,185 | 1.898438 | 2 |
The meticulous work is an inspiring research on women’s rights, undertaken in domestic and international law.
The authors have focused on wide range of feminist view points from different disciplines and countries across the globe. The book presents various inequalities faced by women and girls with a range of theoretical perspectives which provide explanatory frameworks for readers to understand multiple inequalities, and suggestions both within and outside the law for realising change.
Topics covered include Equality, Violence Against Women, Reproductive Rights, Family Relations, Militarisation of Women, Employment/Trade, Women’s Human Rights, Sex Work.
EBC Reader Version: The above eBook is available only on the EBC Reader App, download the free application on the Apple iPad and iPhone. Click above for more details. | <urn:uuid:fe843dd1-0d40-4867-88fe-71e4cb26a17d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://ebctest.ebcwebstore.com/product_info.php?products_id=55555742 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.913707 | 155 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Genesis 4:3-5 New International Version (NIV)
3 In the course of time Cain brought some of the fruits of the soil as an offering to the Lord. 4 And Abel also brought an offering—fat portions from some of the firstborn of his flock. The Lord looked with favor on Abel and his offering, 5 but on Cain and his offering he did not look with favor. So Cain was very angry, and his face was downcast.
The Bible does not say why God did not accept Cain’s gift. It could have been that Cain’s attitude was not proper, or it could have been that the gift itself that was given by Cain was not up to the standard that is needed to be a proper gift. In Proverbs 21:27 it says, “The sacrifice of an evil person is detestable, especially when it is offered with wrong motives.” God looks at our motives and the quality of what is offered to him. It is important to remember that when you give to God and others, you need to have a joyful heart. Do not worry about how much you are giving up when you give to God. Remember, all things are God’s in the first place. Be joyful when you give God your best in time, tithe, money, possessions, and talents. | <urn:uuid:809304a1-0663-494e-bde5-3aac3123cd76> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://vitalministries.org/26154-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.988925 | 276 | 1.90625 | 2 |
NATO members are concerned about Iran’s ballistic missile program and the pro-Iranian militia known as Hezbollah in Lebanon, Turkey’s role in ISIS and Al Qaeda and the Kurdish independence movement; other experts are fretting about Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan siding with Iranian President Hassan Rouhani at a United Nations summit of world leaders in New York.
It turns out that there is reason to worry. At the London meeting of defense ministers from NATO member states last week, Erdogan was the only one of the 36 NATO defense ministers present to speak of solidarity with the “sovereign nations” of Iran, Syria, Iraq and Yemen, as well as Pakistan and India. He was the only one to believe that Washington’s campaign to oust Iran’s mullahs is the wrong policy.
The ignorance is concerning enough that the White House has taken note, and no doubt will be embarrassed. On Thursday night, the commander of U.S. Southern Command, Gen. Terrence O’Shaughnessy, was blunt about Erdogan’s “personality cult.” O’Shaughnessy was concerned that Turkish soldiers in Syria are “being used against their own country,” while “our efforts are causing a backlash and propping up jihadists and terrorists,” he said.
Erdogan’s Russian-backed incursion into the northern Syrian city of Afrin had caused the Syrian Kurds to link up with the Syrian army, he said. Yet Erdogan still refuses to engage in coalition peace talks on Syria. The Turks went so far as to expel 26,000 Syrian Kurds from towns and villages in the country’s southeast, adding to chaos as Turkish-backed militias engaged in fighting with the Syrian Kurds, whose forces Ankara considers terrorists. It was their invasion of Afrin last month that prompted the Kurds to begin attacking their foes in Idlib province, and their advance there continues.
Erdogan thinks he can position himself as a global player by helping support the Islamic State, or “Daesh,” with weapons and training for years to come. Some 20,000 men have been killed by the war in Syria, among them 40,000 civilians. What’s more, once Turkish soldiers cease firing, they have been “switched off” by Syrian and Russian forces – meaning, as Washington has long feared, that Russia and Iran could also flood this area with fighters.
Washington’s poor judgment in lifting its sanctions on Iran – sending a message to Iran that “you’ve got the United States on your side” – has set the stage for the Chinese and Russians to step in and rein in Iranian forces. It has also aggravated Erdogan.
Alas, it will take more than Erdogan’s trip to Turkey to shake things up. There is no American war against Iran, so Erdogan believes he has more to gain by striking deals with Tehran. Already, Turkey is letting several Iranian air bases operate, meaning that Iran has access to as many as 100,000 square miles of Turkish territory. Today, around half of Turkey’s long-range rockets are Iranian made. There is no credible evidence that Turkey gave Iran launch codes for missiles or that it supplied military equipment for Tehran’s nuclear program. But this is not the point. Tehran is now Turkey’s ally, and that has Turkey’s security officials worried.
Once the American bases start shutting down, the Russian air bases, long subject to NATO sanctions, will come into play. Once Moscow’s planes and bases are in place, the Turkish border with Syria will be a battleground between the Russians and the Turks – something that will worry Turkey’s NATO allies. If, for example, the Russians were to commit a raid at Dimas, Turkey’s military air base, that would be a mortal blow to Ankara’s U.S.-backed ally, the Syrian Kurdish YPG. But there is no sign that Erdogan, as Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu and Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu have vowed, wants to kill the YPG. He wants to dump them to make way for the Syrian Arabs, who are seen as a permanent fixture in the region.
The Joint Chiefs chairman, Gen. Joseph Dunford, noted this week that even NATO allies like Turkey and Greece have troops stationed in Syria supporting the Russian-Iranian-Turkish-Kurdish axis. No wonder New York Mayor Bill de Blasio has been warned about the uptick in extremist activity in New York and Washington in the past several months, from the increased number of hate crimes to protests fueled by pro-ISIS groups.
Erdogan has always been one of Washington’s staunchest Arab allies, usually at the cost of Turkey’s own security. He’s lost a lot of favor, but the crown prince should work harder to convince America that it doesn’t want to leave him out in the cold.
Click here for more Commentary and Opinion from Investor’s Business Daily.
Want to make more money in the stock market? | <urn:uuid:b920f25f-16d3-45bc-a40e-fab6132f3210> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://pp-navi.com/ominous-signs-from-nato-on-turkey-erdogan-has-always-been-a-complete-hypocr/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.969365 | 1,057 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.