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PMID:2529 | Electrodecantation of serum proteins. | The sedimentation of albumin under the action of the electric and gravitational fields was determined as a function of time in discontinuous experiments in a rectangular cell, using serum with the albumin fraction stained blue. It was shown that even under the influence of strong electric fields, the upper boundary of ... | Electrodecantation of serum proteins. The sedimentation of albumin under the action of the electric and gravitational fields was determined as a function of time in discontinuous experiments in a rectangular cell, using serum with the albumin fraction stained blue. It was shown that even under the influence of strong e... | [
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PMID:2526 | Recent studies on cytochrome P-450-linked functions in isolated rat liver cells. | In rat liver cells isolated by perfusion in the perfusion in the presence of collagenase, the major portion of cytochrome P-450 is present in the oxidized, nonsubstrate-bound, low spin state. Drug addition to a suspension of liver cells results in the rapid formation of the cytochrome P-450 (Fe3+)-substrate complex whi... | Recent studies on cytochrome P-450-linked functions in isolated rat liver cells. In rat liver cells isolated by perfusion in the perfusion in the presence of collagenase, the major portion of cytochrome P-450 is present in the oxidized, nonsubstrate-bound, low spin state. Drug addition to a suspension of liver cells re... | [
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PMID:2530 | D-glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus megaterium M 1286: purification, properties and structure. | 1) Glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus megaterium has been purified to a specific activity of 550 U per mg protein. The homogeneity of the purified enzyme was demonstrated by gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. 2) The amino acid composition has been determined. 3) The molecular weight of the native enzyme was... | D-glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus megaterium M 1286: purification, properties and structure. 1) Glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus megaterium has been purified to a specific activity of 550 U per mg protein. The homogeneity of the purified enzyme was demonstrated by gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. 2)... | [
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PMID:2532 | [Enzyme induction in Streptomyces hydrogenans. V. Characterization of testosterone-17 beta-dehydrogenase and its induction by steroids]. | Testosterone 17beta-dehydrogenase can be enriched from Streptomyces hydrogenans. The enzyme dehydrogenizes testosterone with Km=13muM and estradiol-17beta with Km=21muM to the corresponding 17-ketoderivatives. NAD forms NADH with Km=125muM. The enzyme is strongly inhibited by androstandione and 17alpha-methyltestostero... | [Enzyme induction in Streptomyces hydrogenans. V. Characterization of testosterone-17 beta-dehydrogenase and its induction by steroids]. Testosterone 17beta-dehydrogenase can be enriched from Streptomyces hydrogenans. The enzyme dehydrogenizes testosterone with Km=13muM and estradiol-17beta with Km=21muM to the corresp... | [
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PMID:2533 | Boar acrosin, II: Amino acid composition, amino terminal residue and molecular weight estimations by ultracentrifugation. | The molecular weight of boar acrosin in neutral solution was estimated to be 41000 +/- 1000 by high-speed sedimentation equilibrium analysis. This result is in good agreement with the value found earlier[1] by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The sedimentation coefficeint of acrosin obtained by... | Boar acrosin, II: Amino acid composition, amino terminal residue and molecular weight estimations by ultracentrifugation. The molecular weight of boar acrosin in neutral solution was estimated to be 41000 +/- 1000 by high-speed sedimentation equilibrium analysis. This result is in good agreement with the value found ea... | [
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PMID:2534 | Characterization of protein kinases from Blepharisma intermedium. | Three protein kinases (EC 2.7.1.37) were detected in Blepharisma and partially purified. The enzymes were most active with histone as substrate protein. The stability of the bond between phosphate and protein acceptor showed the characteristics of seryl- or threonylphosphate. Protein kinase I was solubilized by ultraso... | Characterization of protein kinases from Blepharisma intermedium. Three protein kinases (EC 2.7.1.37) were detected in Blepharisma and partially purified. The enzymes were most active with histone as substrate protein. The stability of the bond between phosphate and protein acceptor showed the characteristics of seryl-... | [
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PMID:2535 | [Solubilization and purification of a 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in rat liver microsomes (author's transl)]. | The microsomal 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases were solubilized with lubrol, a non-ionic detergent. A 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is purified about 100-fold by double affinity chromatography on 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone-Sepharose. This enzyme can use both NADH and NADPH as coenzymes. | [Solubilization and purification of a 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in rat liver microsomes (author's transl)]. The microsomal 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases were solubilized with lubrol, a non-ionic detergent. A 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is purified about 100-fold by double affinity chromatography on ... | [
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PMID:2549 | The dissociation of insect embryos for cell culture. | Procedures and solutions were developed for dissociating embryos of Blattella germanica in preparation for primary cell culture. Trypsin solutions were maximally effective at 0.01% for germ bands but higher concentrations, 0.05 to 0.1% were needed for embryos in later stages. | The dissociation of insect embryos for cell culture. Procedures and solutions were developed for dissociating embryos of Blattella germanica in preparation for primary cell culture. Trypsin solutions were maximally effective at 0.01% for germ bands but higher concentrations, 0.05 to 0.1% were needed for embryos in late... | [
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PMID:2548 | Effect of sodium butyrate on mammalian cells in culture: a review. | Sodium butyrate produces reversible changes in morphology, growth rate, and enzyme activities of several mammalian cell types in culture. Some of these changes are similar to those produced by agents which increase the intracellular level of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) or by analogs of cAMP. Sodium buty... | Effect of sodium butyrate on mammalian cells in culture: a review. Sodium butyrate produces reversible changes in morphology, growth rate, and enzyme activities of several mammalian cell types in culture. Some of these changes are similar to those produced by agents which increase the intracellular level of adenosine 3... | [
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PMID:2550 | On the nature of the presumed receptor for IgE on mast cells. III. Kinetics of the blocking of the PCA reaction by cell-free particulate preparations from rat peritoneal mast cells and effect of pH and calcium concentration on the reaction. | The 'binding' of IgE to particulate preparations derived from sonicated purified rat mast cells was measured by the blocking of PCA titrations of the supernatant solutions from incubations with such preparations. It was found that the PCA blocking reaction was inhibited by the addition of calcium ion to the incubations... | On the nature of the presumed receptor for IgE on mast cells. III. Kinetics of the blocking of the PCA reaction by cell-free particulate preparations from rat peritoneal mast cells and effect of pH and calcium concentration on the reaction. The 'binding' of IgE to particulate preparations derived from sonicated purifie... | [
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PMID:2556 | Effect of glucose and sucrose on survival in batch culture of Streptococcus mutans C67-1 and a noncariogenic mutant, C67-25. | The growth and survival of two strains of Streptococcus mutans in 5% (wt/vol) glucose or sucrose broth was investigated. S. mutans strain C67-1 showed little loss of viability after 30 h of incubation in batch culture in the presence of either sugar. S. mutans strain C67-25, a noncariogenic mutant of C67-1 that has los... | Effect of glucose and sucrose on survival in batch culture of Streptococcus mutans C67-1 and a noncariogenic mutant, C67-25. The growth and survival of two strains of Streptococcus mutans in 5% (wt/vol) glucose or sucrose broth was investigated. S. mutans strain C67-1 showed little loss of viability after 30 h of incub... | [
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PMID:2557 | Microcapsule of type III strains of group B Streptococcus: production and morphology. | The yield of purified type III polysaccharide of group B Streptococcus was significantly improved by modification of the growth medium. Culture of organisms in standard Todd-Hewitt broth resulted in acid accumulation during the exponential phase of growth and poor yield of type III polysaccharide when extracted from ce... | Microcapsule of type III strains of group B Streptococcus: production and morphology. The yield of purified type III polysaccharide of group B Streptococcus was significantly improved by modification of the growth medium. Culture of organisms in standard Todd-Hewitt broth resulted in acid accumulation during the expone... | [
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PMID:2558 | Central regulation of blood eosinophilia by the beta-adrenergic system in rats. | The effect of isoprenaline and three different beta-adrenergic blocking agents on blood eosinophilia was evaluated in the rat. Eosinopenic effect of isoprenaline was antagonized by intraperitoneal pretreatment with propranolol and by high but not low doses of practolol. Sotalol, a beta-blocker which in contrast to prop... | Central regulation of blood eosinophilia by the beta-adrenergic system in rats. The effect of isoprenaline and three different beta-adrenergic blocking agents on blood eosinophilia was evaluated in the rat. Eosinopenic effect of isoprenaline was antagonized by intraperitoneal pretreatment with propranolol and by high b... | [
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PMID:2559 | Comparison between two antibody populations in the EBV system: anti-MA versus neutralizing antibody activity. | EBV-neutralizing antibody titers were determined in 11 sera derived from African Burkitt lymphoma or nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and in the corresponding serum fractions retained above XM 100 Diaflo membranes after low pH treatment, and after recombination of the retained and passed fractions by neutralization of... | Comparison between two antibody populations in the EBV system: anti-MA versus neutralizing antibody activity. EBV-neutralizing antibody titers were determined in 11 sera derived from African Burkitt lymphoma or nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and in the corresponding serum fractions retained above XM 100 Diaflo membr... | [
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PMID:2560 | Gastric acid secretion, serum-gastrin levels and psychomotor function under the influence of placebo, insulin-hypoglycemia, and/or bromazepam. | Gastric acid output, blood-glucose, serum-gastrin and psychomotor-performance were measured in four healthy subjects one hour before and two hours after the intravenous injection of (a) 2ml saline, (b) 0.2 U/kg b.w. insulin, (c) 0.1 mg/kg b.w. bromazepam. Each subject underwent one experiment of each type. The study wa... | Gastric acid secretion, serum-gastrin levels and psychomotor function under the influence of placebo, insulin-hypoglycemia, and/or bromazepam. Gastric acid output, blood-glucose, serum-gastrin and psychomotor-performance were measured in four healthy subjects one hour before and two hours after the intravenous injectio... | [
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PMID:2561 | [Correlation between plasma concentration and clinical effect of neuroleptics and antidepressants]. | Results of investigations concerning the correlation between plasma concentrations and clinical effect of neuroleptics and antidepressives are summarised. In the case of neuroleptics there is in general no relationship between clinical parameters of activity and plasma concentration. For antidepressives there is, in mo... | [Correlation between plasma concentration and clinical effect of neuroleptics and antidepressants]. Results of investigations concerning the correlation between plasma concentrations and clinical effect of neuroleptics and antidepressives are summarised. In the case of neuroleptics there is in general no relationship b... | [
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PMID:2563 | EEG sleep studies of insomniacs under flunitrazepam treatment. | This study investigates the effect of flunitrazepam, a new benzodiazepine, on the sleep of insomniac patients under chronic treatment. Polygraphic recordings have shown that this drug decreases not only the activity of the wakefulness system, but also the activity of the synchronizing system of slow-wave sleep. The sub... | EEG sleep studies of insomniacs under flunitrazepam treatment. This study investigates the effect of flunitrazepam, a new benzodiazepine, on the sleep of insomniac patients under chronic treatment. Polygraphic recordings have shown that this drug decreases not only the activity of the wakefulness system, but also the a... | [
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PMID:2567 | A histochemical study of the apparent deamination of proteins by sodium hypochlorite. | The possible chemical mechanisms by which neutral solutions of sodium hypochlorite containing a high concentration of sodium chloride abolish the acidophilia of proteins in sections of fixed tissue are reviewed. The most probable one is the chlorination of the protein terminal amino groups, followed by the breakdown of... | A histochemical study of the apparent deamination of proteins by sodium hypochlorite. The possible chemical mechanisms by which neutral solutions of sodium hypochlorite containing a high concentration of sodium chloride abolish the acidophilia of proteins in sections of fixed tissue are reviewed. The most probable one ... | [
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PMID:2568 | Effects of dbcAMP and theophylline on rat adrenal medulla grown in tissue culture. | Explants of rat adrenal medulla were grown in tissue culture. The effects of various doses of dbcAMP ranging from 0.001 mM up to 1 mM and equimolar amounts of theophylline were recorded by phase contrast optics and catecholamine histochemistry (glyoxylic acid method) over six days. There was a dose-dependent inhibition... | Effects of dbcAMP and theophylline on rat adrenal medulla grown in tissue culture. Explants of rat adrenal medulla were grown in tissue culture. The effects of various doses of dbcAMP ranging from 0.001 mM up to 1 mM and equimolar amounts of theophylline were recorded by phase contrast optics and catecholamine histoche... | [
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PMID:2569 | The possibilities and limitations of membrane methods for the histochemical demonstration of cholinesterases. | The thiocholine method for the histochemical detection of cholinesterases according to Karnovsky-Roots was adapted for unfixed cryostat sections by addition of the agar solution to the incubation mixture and by using the semipermeable membrane interposed between the section and the incubation medium. The procedure prev... | The possibilities and limitations of membrane methods for the histochemical demonstration of cholinesterases. The thiocholine method for the histochemical detection of cholinesterases according to Karnovsky-Roots was adapted for unfixed cryostat sections by addition of the agar solution to the incubation mixture and by... | [
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PMID:2565 | Copper catalyzed alkaline autoxidation of selenocystamine. | In alkaline medium and in the presence of cupric ions selenocystamine undergoes autoxidation and is entirely transformed into selenohypotaurine. Among the different metal ions tested, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Mg, Mn, only cupric ions are effective in catalyzing the reaction. The reaction shows an optimum around pH 13. In mo... | Copper catalyzed alkaline autoxidation of selenocystamine. In alkaline medium and in the presence of cupric ions selenocystamine undergoes autoxidation and is entirely transformed into selenohypotaurine. Among the different metal ions tested, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Mg, Mn, only cupric ions are effective in catalyzing the ... | [
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PMID:2566 | The binding of nucleotides to 3'-nucleotidase from wheat germ. | The 3'-mononucleotidase (3'-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.6) from wheat germ has been purified 2,000 fold. The enzyme has a molecular weight of approximatley 32,000, as judged by the use of G-100 gel filtration, and does not attack 2'- or 5'- nucleotides. In order to obtain some indications on the structura... | The binding of nucleotides to 3'-nucleotidase from wheat germ. The 3'-mononucleotidase (3'-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.6) from wheat germ has been purified 2,000 fold. The enzyme has a molecular weight of approximatley 32,000, as judged by the use of G-100 gel filtration, and does not attack 2'- or 5'- nu... | [
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PMID:2570 | Improved histological localization of GABA-transaminase activity in rat cerebellar cortex after aldehyde fixation. | A method for the chemical fixation of the enzyme GABA-transaminase in nervous tissue is described. It is shown that after perfusion with a formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde fixative, activity of the enzyme in cerebellar cortex is demonstrable whilst cellular morphology is preserved. Results from the improved technique have s... | Improved histological localization of GABA-transaminase activity in rat cerebellar cortex after aldehyde fixation. A method for the chemical fixation of the enzyme GABA-transaminase in nervous tissue is described. It is shown that after perfusion with a formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde fixative, activity of the enzyme in ce... | [
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PMID:2572 | Effect of plasma [K+] on the DC potential and on ion distributions between CSF and blood. | Keeping the arterial pH at 7.4 and PaCO2 at 40 mmHg in eight anesthetized dogs, we acutely raised plasma potassium concentration from 3.4 to 8.2 meq/1, then allowed it to decay back to control levels. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-blood electrical potential difference (pd) increased 13.2 mV per 10-fold increase in plas... | Effect of plasma [K+] on the DC potential and on ion distributions between CSF and blood. Keeping the arterial pH at 7.4 and PaCO2 at 40 mmHg in eight anesthetized dogs, we acutely raised plasma potassium concentration from 3.4 to 8.2 meq/1, then allowed it to decay back to control levels. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)... | [
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PMID:2573 | Ontogeny of tracheal fluid, pulmonary surfactant, and plasma corticoids in the fetal lamb. | We examined fetal plasma corticoids and flow rate, electrolyte composition, and surfactant content of tracheal fluid in chronic experiments with eight fetal lambs. From 120 to 148 days of gestation the rate of fluid production was 4.5 ml/kg per h, and there was no change in mean fluid sodium (147.8 meq/1), chloride (15... | Ontogeny of tracheal fluid, pulmonary surfactant, and plasma corticoids in the fetal lamb. We examined fetal plasma corticoids and flow rate, electrolyte composition, and surfactant content of tracheal fluid in chronic experiments with eight fetal lambs. From 120 to 148 days of gestation the rate of fluid production wa... | [
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PMID:2574 | Hydrogen ion concentration and oxygen uptake in an isolated canine hindlimb. | Oxygen utilization (VO2) and lactate production by an isolated perfused canine hindlimb was evaluated at various hydrogen ion concentrations. A membrane lung perfusion system was established such that blood flow and temperature could be fixed at normal levels. Oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide (CO2) gas flows to the... | Hydrogen ion concentration and oxygen uptake in an isolated canine hindlimb. Oxygen utilization (VO2) and lactate production by an isolated perfused canine hindlimb was evaluated at various hydrogen ion concentrations. A membrane lung perfusion system was established such that blood flow and temperature could be fixed ... | [
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PMID:2575 | Cerebrospinal fluid sampling technique and Astrup pH and PCO2 values. | The pH and PCO2 values measured by the Astrup technique were compared in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained using two different sampling techniques: 1) a direct or in vivo technique and 2) the widely accepted syringe sampling technique. In 65 pairs of measurements in 9 dogs it was found that the pH was always overestim... | Cerebrospinal fluid sampling technique and Astrup pH and PCO2 values. The pH and PCO2 values measured by the Astrup technique were compared in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained using two different sampling techniques: 1) a direct or in vivo technique and 2) the widely accepted syringe sampling technique. In 65 pairs o... | [
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PMID:2576 | Hypoventilation in ponies after carotid body denervation. | Seven ponies were subjected to carotid body denervation (CD) and two ponies were sham operated (S). Measurement of arterial blood gases and arterial blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) acid-base balance were made prior to and 1,2,4,9, and 17 wks after surgery in unanesthetized animals. Resting ventilation and ventilato... | Hypoventilation in ponies after carotid body denervation. Seven ponies were subjected to carotid body denervation (CD) and two ponies were sham operated (S). Measurement of arterial blood gases and arterial blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) acid-base balance were made prior to and 1,2,4,9, and 17 wks after surgery in... | [
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PMID:2577 | Total and regional cerebral blood flow during moderate and severe exercise in miniature swine. | To determine the influence of exercise on cerebral blood flow, we ran 14 swine at 3-6 mph and at 0-10% grades on a treadmill for 30 min at moderate and severe levels of exercise. Measuring heart rate, cardiac output, and aortic pressure via implanted probes, we injected 15-mum radiolabeled microspheres via the left atr... | Total and regional cerebral blood flow during moderate and severe exercise in miniature swine. To determine the influence of exercise on cerebral blood flow, we ran 14 swine at 3-6 mph and at 0-10% grades on a treadmill for 30 min at moderate and severe levels of exercise. Measuring heart rate, cardiac output, and aort... | [
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PMID:2578 | Method for measuring hepatic uptake of oxygen or other blood-borne substances in situ. | A preparation is described by which hepatic arterial blood flow and portal venous blood flow can be accurately and continuously measured while simultaneously providing a method by which multiple blood samples can be taken from the hepatic artery, portal vein, and hepatic vein without disrupting hepatic hemodynamics or ... | Method for measuring hepatic uptake of oxygen or other blood-borne substances in situ. A preparation is described by which hepatic arterial blood flow and portal venous blood flow can be accurately and continuously measured while simultaneously providing a method by which multiple blood samples can be taken from the he... | [
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PMID:2579 | Analysis of pesticide residues by chemical derivatization. II. N-methylcarbamates in natural water and soils. | A method for the quantitative determination of several N-methylcarbamates in natural waters and the applicability of the derivative to soil samples using a previously published extraction procedure are described. After extraction of the carbamates from the substrate, the carbamates are hydrolyzed in a 10% methanol-pota... | Analysis of pesticide residues by chemical derivatization. II. N-methylcarbamates in natural water and soils. A method for the quantitative determination of several N-methylcarbamates in natural waters and the applicability of the derivative to soil samples using a previously published extraction procedure are describe... | [
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PMID:2580 | Separation of pesticide residues from lipids prior to gas-liquid chromatographic analysis. | Lipids are separated from dieldrin, endrin, and p,p'-DDE residues by saponification in ethanolic sodium hydroxide, acidification with dilute sulfuric acid, and adsorption chromatography on deactivated alumina, using petroleum ether as the eluant. Dieldrin, endrin, and p,p'-DDE are efficiently recovered (95-102%), and p... | Separation of pesticide residues from lipids prior to gas-liquid chromatographic analysis. Lipids are separated from dieldrin, endrin, and p,p'-DDE residues by saponification in ethanolic sodium hydroxide, acidification with dilute sulfuric acid, and adsorption chromatography on deactivated alumina, using petroleum eth... | [
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PMID:2581 | Collaborative study of the Food Chemicals Codex method for the determination of the neutralizing value of sodium aluminum phosphate. | Fifteen laboratories participated in a collaborative study to evaluate the Food Chemicals Codex method for the determination of the neutralizing value of sodium aluminum phosphate. The AOAC method for determining the neutralizing value of sodium acid pyrophosphate, sec. 8.010, was also included in the study. The precis... | Collaborative study of the Food Chemicals Codex method for the determination of the neutralizing value of sodium aluminum phosphate. Fifteen laboratories participated in a collaborative study to evaluate the Food Chemicals Codex method for the determination of the neutralizing value of sodium aluminum phosphate. The AO... | [
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PMID:2582 | Affinity chromatography of trypsin and related enzymes. I. Preparation and characteristics of an affinity adsorbent containing tryptic peptides from protamine as ligands. | An absorbent for the affinity chromatography of trypsin [EC 3.4.21.4] (AP Sepharose) was prepared. The ligand was a mixture of oligopeptides (mainly di- and tripeptides) containing L-arginine as carboxyl termini, and was obtained from a tryptic digest of protamine. Trypsin was absorbed at relatively low pH (7-4), but w... | Affinity chromatography of trypsin and related enzymes. I. Preparation and characteristics of an affinity adsorbent containing tryptic peptides from protamine as ligands. An absorbent for the affinity chromatography of trypsin [EC 3.4.21.4] (AP Sepharose) was prepared. The ligand was a mixture of oligopeptides (mainly ... | [
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PMID:2583 | Effects on tryptophyl absorption of the ionization of the catalytic carboxyls in hen and turkey lysozymes. | The difference spectra of hen and turkey egg-white lysozymes [EC 3.2.1.17] produced by acidification were measured. The difference spectra of both lysozymes had peaks at 295 and 301 nm which are characteristic of tryptophyl residues. The pH dependence curves of the extinction differences (delta eplision) at 301 nm and ... | Effects on tryptophyl absorption of the ionization of the catalytic carboxyls in hen and turkey lysozymes. The difference spectra of hen and turkey egg-white lysozymes [EC 3.2.1.17] produced by acidification were measured. The difference spectra of both lysozymes had peaks at 295 and 301 nm which are characteristic of ... | [
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PMID:2584 | Resonance Raman scattering from hemoproteins. Effects of ligands upon the Raman spectra of various C-type cytochromes. | Resonance Raman spectra were measured for various C-type cytochromes (mammalian cytochrome c, bacterial cytochrome c3, algal photosynthetic cytochrome f, and alkylated cytochrome c) and a B-type cytochrome (cytochrome b5) in their reduced and oxidized states. (1) For ferrous alkylated cytochrome c, a Raman line sensiti... | Resonance Raman scattering from hemoproteins. Effects of ligands upon the Raman spectra of various C-type cytochromes. Resonance Raman spectra were measured for various C-type cytochromes (mammalian cytochrome c, bacterial cytochrome c3, algal photosynthetic cytochrome f, and alkylated cytochrome c) and a B-type cytoch... | [
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PMID:2585 | Studies on the microsomal electron-transport system of anaerobically grown yeast. III. Spectral characterization of cytochrome P-450. | A carbon monoxide-binding pigment which shows an absorption peak at about 450 nm in the reduced carbon monoxide difference spectrum was purified from the microsomal fraction of yeast grown anaerobically. The spectral characteristics of the pigment were practically identical with those of cytochrome P-450 of hepatic mic... | Studies on the microsomal electron-transport system of anaerobically grown yeast. III. Spectral characterization of cytochrome P-450. A carbon monoxide-binding pigment which shows an absorption peak at about 450 nm in the reduced carbon monoxide difference spectrum was purified from the microsomal fraction of yeast gro... | [
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PMID:2586 | Polarographic studies on ubiquinone-10 and rhodoquinone bound with chromatophores from Rhodospirillum rubrum. | Redox components bound with chromatophores of Rhodospirillum rubrum, and pure samples of ubiquinone-10 and rhodoquinone were studied polarographically at 24 degrees. In a mixture of ethanol and water (4 : 1, v/v) at pH 7, ubiquinone-10 and rhodoquinone had half-wave potentials (E1/2) OF +43 MV and -63 mV, respectively.... | Polarographic studies on ubiquinone-10 and rhodoquinone bound with chromatophores from Rhodospirillum rubrum. Redox components bound with chromatophores of Rhodospirillum rubrum, and pure samples of ubiquinone-10 and rhodoquinone were studied polarographically at 24 degrees. In a mixture of ethanol and water (4 : 1, v/... | [
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PMID:2587 | Effect of metal ions in the culture medium on the stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase activity of Mycobacterium phlei. | A particulate fraction prepared from Mycobacterium phlei grown in a metal-deficient medium exhibited a greatly reduced activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase compared to that from normally grown cells. Metal deficiency, however, had no effect on the FAD-dependent NADPH-cytochrome C reductase activity, which has been sugge... | Effect of metal ions in the culture medium on the stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase activity of Mycobacterium phlei. A particulate fraction prepared from Mycobacterium phlei grown in a metal-deficient medium exhibited a greatly reduced activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase compared to that from normally grown cells. Metal d... | [
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PMID:2589 | Photoaffinity labeling of concanavalin A. Preparation of a concanavalin A derivative with reduced valence. | Concanavalin A (Con A) was labeled with p-azidophenyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside under ultraviolet irradiation and the reaction products were separated by affinity chromatography on Sephadex G-100 at pH 5. One of the Con A derivatives thus obtained was characterized as a monovalent dimer at pH 5 and a divalent tetramer at... | Photoaffinity labeling of concanavalin A. Preparation of a concanavalin A derivative with reduced valence. Concanavalin A (Con A) was labeled with p-azidophenyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside under ultraviolet irradiation and the reaction products were separated by affinity chromatography on Sephadex G-100 at pH 5. One of the... | [
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PMID:2590 | Chemical modification of carboxyl groups of fibrinogen and its effect on the binding of cationic detergent. | Carboxyl groups of native human fibrinogen were modified with glycine methyl ester and 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide. It seemed likely that the modification occurred stepwise. Approximately 26% of the carboxyl groups of fibrinogen was modified finally. The modified fibrinogen had no interaction with cati... | Chemical modification of carboxyl groups of fibrinogen and its effect on the binding of cationic detergent. Carboxyl groups of native human fibrinogen were modified with glycine methyl ester and 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide. It seemed likely that the modification occurred stepwise. Approximately 26% of ... | [
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PMID:2591 | Purification and characterization of proteinase inhibitors from adzuki beans (Phaseolus angularis). | Two proteinase inhibitors, designated as inhibitors I and II, were purified from adzuki beans (Phaseolus angularis) by chromatographies on DEAE- and CM-cellulose, and gel filtration on a Sephadex G-100 column. Each inhibitor shows unique inhibitory activities. Inhibitor I was a powerful inhibitor of trypsin [EC 3.4.21.... | Purification and characterization of proteinase inhibitors from adzuki beans (Phaseolus angularis). Two proteinase inhibitors, designated as inhibitors I and II, were purified from adzuki beans (Phaseolus angularis) by chromatographies on DEAE- and CM-cellulose, and gel filtration on a Sephadex G-100 column. Each inhib... | [
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PMID:2592 | Mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase of bovine cerebrum. Characterization and mechanisms of inhibition by silver ions. | Attempts were made to characterize mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase [L-malate: NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.37] (M-MDH) purified from bovine cerebrum and to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for inhibition of the enzymic activity by Ag+. The molecular weights of the native enzyme and its subunits were 54,000-55,0... | Mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase of bovine cerebrum. Characterization and mechanisms of inhibition by silver ions. Attempts were made to characterize mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase [L-malate: NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.37] (M-MDH) purified from bovine cerebrum and to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for in... | [
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PMID:2593 | Double-headed protease inhibitors from black-eyed peas. II. Structural studies by optical absorption and circular dichroism. | Two new double-headed protease inhibitors from black-eyed peas have amino acid compositions typical of the low molecular weight protease inhibitors from legume seeds. Black-eyed pea chymotrypsin and trypsin inhibitor (BEPCI) contains no tryptophan, 1 tyrosine, and 14 half-cystines out of 83 amino acid residues per mono... | Double-headed protease inhibitors from black-eyed peas. II. Structural studies by optical absorption and circular dichroism. Two new double-headed protease inhibitors from black-eyed peas have amino acid compositions typical of the low molecular weight protease inhibitors from legume seeds. Black-eyed pea chymotrypsin ... | [
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PMID:2594 | Double-headed protease inhibitors from black-eyed peas. III. Subunit interactions of the native and half-site chemically modified proteins. | The chemical modification of two new double-headed-protease inhibitors from black-eyed peas, a trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitor (BEPCI) and a trypsin inhibitor (BEPTI) with dansyl chloride was investigated under various conditions. The NH2-terminal serine of both BEPCI and BEPTI, the 4 lysyl residues of BEPCI, and 4 of t... | Double-headed protease inhibitors from black-eyed peas. III. Subunit interactions of the native and half-site chemically modified proteins. The chemical modification of two new double-headed-protease inhibitors from black-eyed peas, a trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitor (BEPCI) and a trypsin inhibitor (BEPTI) with dansyl ch... | [
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PMID:2595 | Affinity labeling of the primary bilirubin binding site of human serum albumin. | A label for the bilirubin binding sites of human serum albumin was synthesized by reacting 2 mol of Woodward's reagent K (N-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3'-sulfonate) with 1 mol of bilirubin. This yielded a water-soluble derivative in which both carboxyl groups of bilirubin were converted to reactive enol esters. Covalent... | Affinity labeling of the primary bilirubin binding site of human serum albumin. A label for the bilirubin binding sites of human serum albumin was synthesized by reacting 2 mol of Woodward's reagent K (N-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3'-sulfonate) with 1 mol of bilirubin. This yielded a water-soluble derivative in which bo... | [
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PMID:2596 | Acylation of subtilisin Carlsberg by phenyl esters. | Approximate Hammett reaction constants rho calculated from k2/K8 values of several phenyl esters of N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine, hippuric acid, and beta-phenylpropionic acid are 0.0, 0.4, and 1.0 respectively. To determine whether the lack of substituent effect of k2/K8 with the N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine esters is a result... | Acylation of subtilisin Carlsberg by phenyl esters. Approximate Hammett reaction constants rho calculated from k2/K8 values of several phenyl esters of N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine, hippuric acid, and beta-phenylpropionic acid are 0.0, 0.4, and 1.0 respectively. To determine whether the lack of substituent effect of k2/K8 ... | [
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PMID:2597 | Inhibition by superoxide dismutase of methemoglobin formation from oxyhemoglobin. | The formation of methemoglobin from oxyhemoglobin in a solution containing photoreduced riboflavin and oxygen was inhibited by superoxide dismutase. The rate of the reaction was pH-dependent in the range of 6.8 to 7.8, increasing as the pH was reduced. Inhibition by superoxide dismutase was enhanced as the EDTA concent... | Inhibition by superoxide dismutase of methemoglobin formation from oxyhemoglobin. The formation of methemoglobin from oxyhemoglobin in a solution containing photoreduced riboflavin and oxygen was inhibited by superoxide dismutase. The rate of the reaction was pH-dependent in the range of 6.8 to 7.8, increasing as the p... | [
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PMID:2598 | Transport and metabolism of vitamin B6 in the yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis 4228. | Active transport of pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine occurs in resting cells of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis 4228 and can lead to intracellular concentrations of free vitamin much higher than those supplied externally. The initial Km for pyridoxine uptake is 3.6 x 10(-7) M at 30 degrees and pH 4.5, which are opt... | Transport and metabolism of vitamin B6 in the yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis 4228. Active transport of pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine occurs in resting cells of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis 4228 and can lead to intracellular concentrations of free vitamin much higher than those supplied externally. The ini... | [
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PMID:2599 | Transport and metabolism of vitamin B6 in Salmonella typhimurium LT2. | Salmonella typhimurium LT2 concentrates radioactivity intracellularly from [3H]pyridoxal or [3H]pyridoxine up to 25 times the external concentration. After 1 min of uptake intracellular radioactivity is found as phosphorylated vitamin B6. The process is sensitive to temperature and is maximally active at pH 8.1, but un... | Transport and metabolism of vitamin B6 in Salmonella typhimurium LT2. Salmonella typhimurium LT2 concentrates radioactivity intracellularly from [3H]pyridoxal or [3H]pyridoxine up to 25 times the external concentration. After 1 min of uptake intracellular radioactivity is found as phosphorylated vitamin B6. The process... | [
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PMID:2600 | Correlation of the kinetics of electron transfer activity of various eukaryotic cytochromes c with binding to mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase. | 1. A detailed study of cytochrome c oxidase activity with Keilin-Hartree particles and purified beef heart enzyme, at low ionic strength and low cytochrome c concentrations, showed biphasic kinetics with apparent Km1 = 5 x 10(-8) M, and apparent Km2 = 0.35 to 1.0 x 10(-6) M. Direct binding studies with purified oxidase... | Correlation of the kinetics of electron transfer activity of various eukaryotic cytochromes c with binding to mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase. 1. A detailed study of cytochrome c oxidase activity with Keilin-Hartree particles and purified beef heart enzyme, at low ionic strength and low cytochrome c concentrations, ... | [
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PMID:2601 | Autooxidation and hydroxylation reactions of oxygenated cytochrome P-450cam. | Oxy-ferrous substrate-bound cytochrome P-450cam (mrsO2) autooxidizes in the absence of its specific effector protein, putidaredoxin, without hydroxylating the substrate, camphor. The autooxidation is first order with an activation energy of 17 kcal mol-1 at 25 degrees, pH 7.0. Substrate removal and low pH accelerate th... | Autooxidation and hydroxylation reactions of oxygenated cytochrome P-450cam. Oxy-ferrous substrate-bound cytochrome P-450cam (mrsO2) autooxidizes in the absence of its specific effector protein, putidaredoxin, without hydroxylating the substrate, camphor. The autooxidation is first order with an activation energy of 17... | [
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PMID:2602 | Demonstration of a precursor-product relationship between soluble and cross-linked elastin, and the biosynthesis of the desmosines in vitro. | Direct evidence showing that a soluble form of elastin is the precursor of cross-linked elastin was obtained from pulse-chase experiments using chick embryo aortas and by demonstrating the conversion of soluble elastin into cross-linked elastin in a cell-free system. Acetic acid extracts of embryonic chick aorta pulse-... | Demonstration of a precursor-product relationship between soluble and cross-linked elastin, and the biosynthesis of the desmosines in vitro. Direct evidence showing that a soluble form of elastin is the precursor of cross-linked elastin was obtained from pulse-chase experiments using chick embryo aortas and by demonstr... | [
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PMID:2603 | Chondroitinase C from Flavobacterium heparinum. | A chondroitinase that acts upon chondroitin sulfate C and hyaluronic acid was isolated from Flavobacterium heparinum. This enzyme was seperated from constitutional chondroitinase AC and an induced chondroitinase B also present in extracts of F. heparinum previously grown in the presence of chondroitin sulfates A, B or ... | Chondroitinase C from Flavobacterium heparinum. A chondroitinase that acts upon chondroitin sulfate C and hyaluronic acid was isolated from Flavobacterium heparinum. This enzyme was seperated from constitutional chondroitinase AC and an induced chondroitinase B also present in extracts of F. heparinum previously grown ... | [
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PMID:2604 | Transport mechanisms in isolated plasma membranes. Nucleoside processing by membrane vesicles from mouse fibroblast cells grown in defined medium. | Plasma membrane vesicles were isolated from a subline of L929 mouse fibroblasts grown on defined medium in the absence of serum. These vesicles were not significantly contaminated by mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum. The isolation procedure, a modification of that originally developed by McKeel and Jarett (McKeel,... | Transport mechanisms in isolated plasma membranes. Nucleoside processing by membrane vesicles from mouse fibroblast cells grown in defined medium. Plasma membrane vesicles were isolated from a subline of L929 mouse fibroblasts grown on defined medium in the absence of serum. These vesicles were not significantly contam... | [
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PMID:2605 | Metallophosphoryl and Apophosphoryl Alkaline Phosphatases. | The noncovalent phosphate (E-P) and covalent phosphory (E-P) complexes of Zn(II), Cd(II), and apoalkaline phosphatases of Escherichia coli have been studied by stopped flow kinetic methods and 32P-labeling techniques. With 2,4-dinitrophenylphosphate as substrate, preincubation of the Zn(II) enzyme with Pi at pH 8 slows... | Metallophosphoryl and Apophosphoryl Alkaline Phosphatases. The noncovalent phosphate (E-P) and covalent phosphory (E-P) complexes of Zn(II), Cd(II), and apoalkaline phosphatases of Escherichia coli have been studied by stopped flow kinetic methods and 32P-labeling techniques. With 2,4-dinitrophenylphosphate as substrat... | [
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PMID:2606 | 31P NMR of phosphate and phosphonate complexes of metalloalkaline phosphatases. | 31P NMR spectra of phosphate and phosphonate complexes of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase have been obtained by Fourier transform NMR methods. One equivalent of P1i, bound to Zn(II) alkaline phosphatase, pH 8, gives rise to a single 31P resonance 2 ppm downfield from that for Pi, and assignable to the noncovalent... | 31P NMR of phosphate and phosphonate complexes of metalloalkaline phosphatases. 31P NMR spectra of phosphate and phosphonate complexes of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase have been obtained by Fourier transform NMR methods. One equivalent of P1i, bound to Zn(II) alkaline phosphatase, pH 8, gives rise to a single 3... | [
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PMID:2607 | Isolation and characterization of indole-3-acetaldehyde reductases from Cucumis sativus. | In a continuing study of the biosynthetic pathway and regulatory mechanisms governing indole-3-acetic acid (auxin) formation, we report the isolation and initial characterization of three distinct indole-3-acetaldehyde reductases from cucumber seedlings. These enzymes catalyze the reduction of indole-3-acetaldehyde to ... | Isolation and characterization of indole-3-acetaldehyde reductases from Cucumis sativus. In a continuing study of the biosynthetic pathway and regulatory mechanisms governing indole-3-acetic acid (auxin) formation, we report the isolation and initial characterization of three distinct indole-3-acetaldehyde reductases f... | [
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PMID:2608 | Calcium transport driven by a proton gradient and inverted membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli. | Calcium transport into inverted vesicles of Escherichia coli was observed to occur without an exogenous energy source when an artificial proton gradient was used. The orientation of the proton gradient was acid inside and alkaline outside. Either phosphate or oxalate was necessary for transport, as was found for respir... | Calcium transport driven by a proton gradient and inverted membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli. Calcium transport into inverted vesicles of Escherichia coli was observed to occur without an exogenous energy source when an artificial proton gradient was used. The orientation of the proton gradient was acid inside and ... | [
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PMID:2609 | Stoichiometry of H+ ejection during respiration-dependent accumulation of Ca2+ by rat liver mitochondria. | We have investigated the energy-dependent uptake of Ca2+ by rat liver mitochondria with succinate as respiratory substrate with rotenone added to block NAD-linked electron transport. In the presence of 3-hydroxybutyric or other permeant monocarboxylic acids Ca2+ was taken up to extents approaching those seen in the pre... | Stoichiometry of H+ ejection during respiration-dependent accumulation of Ca2+ by rat liver mitochondria. We have investigated the energy-dependent uptake of Ca2+ by rat liver mitochondria with succinate as respiratory substrate with rotenone added to block NAD-linked electron transport. In the presence of 3-hydroxybut... | [
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PMID:2610 | Identification of albumin as the serum factor essential for the growth of activated human lymphocytes. | Albumin from human, bovine, or rabbit serum supported the growth of concanavalin A-stimulated human thymus-derived lymphocytes equally well. This activity was completely abolished by pepsin digestion. It was shown for bovine serum albumin that the albumin molecule itself, and neither an impurity nor a factor bound to a... | Identification of albumin as the serum factor essential for the growth of activated human lymphocytes. Albumin from human, bovine, or rabbit serum supported the growth of concanavalin A-stimulated human thymus-derived lymphocytes equally well. This activity was completely abolished by pepsin digestion. It was shown for... | [
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PMID:2611 | The fluorimetric detection of pesticides on aluminium oxide layers. | Several pesticides have been investigated for their fluorigenic properties on acidic and basic aluminium oxide layers. Fluorescence was obtained in several instances and the relative intensities were observed. Fluorescence spectra were recorded for the best fluorescence obtained before and after heat treatment of the c... | The fluorimetric detection of pesticides on aluminium oxide layers. Several pesticides have been investigated for their fluorigenic properties on acidic and basic aluminium oxide layers. Fluorescence was obtained in several instances and the relative intensities were observed. Fluorescence spectra were recorded for the... | [
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PMID:2612 | Determination of indomethacin in serum and urine by electron-capture gas-liquid chromatography. | A specific and sensitive method for the quantitative determination of indomethacin in serum and urine is described. The drug is extracted at pH 5.0 with 1,2-dichloroethane and a portion of the organic extract is concentrated and made to react with diazoethane in diethyl ether. The ethyl ester derivative is analyzed by ... | Determination of indomethacin in serum and urine by electron-capture gas-liquid chromatography. A specific and sensitive method for the quantitative determination of indomethacin in serum and urine is described. The drug is extracted at pH 5.0 with 1,2-dichloroethane and a portion of the organic extract is concentrated... | [
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PMID:2614 | Separation of some typical Krebs cycle acids by high-speed isotachophoresis. | In order to perform a required separation, an experimental procedure for the selection of suitable operating conditions is suggested and discussed. It is based on measurements of the dependences of the relative effective mobilities of the components under investigation on the pH of the leading electrolyte. The procedur... | Separation of some typical Krebs cycle acids by high-speed isotachophoresis. In order to perform a required separation, an experimental procedure for the selection of suitable operating conditions is suggested and discussed. It is based on measurements of the dependences of the relative effective mobilities of the comp... | [
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PMID:2615 | Rapid gas chromatographic determination of underivatized theophylline in whole blood. | A rapid gas chromatographic method for the determination of underivatized theophylline in whole blood is described. Theophylline is extracted from acidified blood and chromatographed directly using cyheptamide as an internal standard. Concentrations of the drug down to 2 mug/ml in blood could be determined with recover... | Rapid gas chromatographic determination of underivatized theophylline in whole blood. A rapid gas chromatographic method for the determination of underivatized theophylline in whole blood is described. Theophylline is extracted from acidified blood and chromatographed directly using cyheptamide as an internal standard.... | [
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PMID:2616 | Plasma androgen responce to hCG stimulation in prepubertal boys with hypospadias and cryptorchidism. | Serum levels of testosterone, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone were measured before and after 5 days of treatment with hCG (2000 IU/d) in 36 prepubertal boys with cryptorchidism and 11 with hypospadias in order to determine whether a defect in androgen synthesis could be a common cause for these disorders. Ba... | Plasma androgen responce to hCG stimulation in prepubertal boys with hypospadias and cryptorchidism. Serum levels of testosterone, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone were measured before and after 5 days of treatment with hCG (2000 IU/d) in 36 prepubertal boys with cryptorchidism and 11 with hypospadias in orde... | [
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PMID:2617 | A rabbit reticulocyte model for the role of hemin-controlled repressor in hypochromic anemias. | Hemin allows maximal protein synthesis in intact rabbit reticulocytes and their cell-free lysate preparations by retarding the formation of a translational repressor (HCR) found in the postribosomal supernate. In order to evaluate the role of HCR in the pathogenesis of hypochromic anemias, HCR was isolated and partiall... | A rabbit reticulocyte model for the role of hemin-controlled repressor in hypochromic anemias. Hemin allows maximal protein synthesis in intact rabbit reticulocytes and their cell-free lysate preparations by retarding the formation of a translational repressor (HCR) found in the postribosomal supernate. In order to eva... | [
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PMID:2618 | Arylsulfatase B of human lung. Isolation, characterization, and interaction with slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis. | Arylsulfatase B was separated from arylsulfatase A in extracts of human lung tissue by anion exchange chromatography and further purified by gel filtration and cation exchange chromatography. Arylsulfatase B of human lung was similar to that enzyme in other tissues and species, exhibiting an apparent mol wt of approxim... | Arylsulfatase B of human lung. Isolation, characterization, and interaction with slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis. Arylsulfatase B was separated from arylsulfatase A in extracts of human lung tissue by anion exchange chromatography and further purified by gel filtration and cation exchange chromatography. Arylsul... | [
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PMID:2619 | Credibility ratings for desensitization and pseudotherapy among moderately and mildly snake-avoidant college students. | Twenty moderately avoidant and 20 mildly avoidant Ss were chosen as though they were to participate in a snake-avoidance desensitization experiment. After relaxation training, Ss listened to a taped excerpt of either desensitization or pseudotherapy and responded to a 5-item questionnaire that assessed the credibility ... | Credibility ratings for desensitization and pseudotherapy among moderately and mildly snake-avoidant college students. Twenty moderately avoidant and 20 mildly avoidant Ss were chosen as though they were to participate in a snake-avoidance desensitization experiment. After relaxation training, Ss listened to a taped ex... | [
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PMID:2620 | A comparison of female and male neurotic depressives. | Female and male neurotic depressives in an outpatient psychiatric clinic were compared on measures of subjective distress, interpersonal concerns, and types of treatment given. There were essentially no differences between the two groups on the patient self-report measures. However, female patients were found to have s... | A comparison of female and male neurotic depressives. Female and male neurotic depressives in an outpatient psychiatric clinic were compared on measures of subjective distress, interpersonal concerns, and types of treatment given. There were essentially no differences between the two groups on the patient self-report m... | [
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PMID:2621 | Counter-current immunoelectrophoresis for the diagnosis of pneumococcal chest infection. | Counter-current immunoelectrohporesis is a rapid sensitive method for detecting pneumococcal capsular antigens in sputum. A result can be obtained within 45 minutes. The optimum conditions for performing the test are given. Counter-current immunoelectrophoresis works with all the 33 pneumococcal antigens tested except ... | Counter-current immunoelectrophoresis for the diagnosis of pneumococcal chest infection. Counter-current immunoelectrohporesis is a rapid sensitive method for detecting pneumococcal capsular antigens in sputum. A result can be obtained within 45 minutes. The optimum conditions for performing the test are given. Counter... | [
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PMID:2622 | Use of anaerobic culture for the improved isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae. | The following report compares the results of aerobic and anaerobic cultivation for the primary isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) from the respiratory tract of children. Of 414 specimens of respiratory tract secretions cultured, 65 (15-7%) yielded pneumococci; 31 (47-7%) grew both aerobically and ... | Use of anaerobic culture for the improved isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The following report compares the results of aerobic and anaerobic cultivation for the primary isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) from the respiratory tract of children. Of 414 specimens of respiratory tract secretion... | [
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PMID:2623 | Factors affecting the assay of gentamicin by the plate diffusion method. | Standard curves were prepared by plotting log gentamicin concentration against zone diameter using a conventional plate diffusion method. Results were obtained at varying concentrations of sodium chloride and at different pHs. Under optimum conditions the range in zone diameters was markedly increased, thus considerabl... | Factors affecting the assay of gentamicin by the plate diffusion method. Standard curves were prepared by plotting log gentamicin concentration against zone diameter using a conventional plate diffusion method. Results were obtained at varying concentrations of sodium chloride and at different pHs. Under optimum condit... | [
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PMID:2624 | An optimized semi-automatic rate method for serum glutathione reductase activity and its application to patients with malignant disease. | An improved and optimized method for serum glutathione reductase is described. The reference range for normal subjects is 47-79 IU/1. The method is more sensitive than conventional enzyme tests in the detection of malignant disease. It was not raised more frequently in patients with clinical evidence of metastases than... | An optimized semi-automatic rate method for serum glutathione reductase activity and its application to patients with malignant disease. An improved and optimized method for serum glutathione reductase is described. The reference range for normal subjects is 47-79 IU/1. The method is more sensitive than conventional en... | [
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PMID:2626 | Chemical modulation of agonistic display in Betta splendens. | Mirror-induced aggressive display of male Siamese fighting fish was reduced by water-borne traces of (a) a pair of male combatants, (b) a nondisplaying fish of either sex, and (c) bits of torn cadual fin. These findings may indicate a mechanism whereby males tolerate the presence of conspecifics to permit nonagressive ... | Chemical modulation of agonistic display in Betta splendens. Mirror-induced aggressive display of male Siamese fighting fish was reduced by water-borne traces of (a) a pair of male combatants, (b) a nondisplaying fish of either sex, and (c) bits of torn cadual fin. These findings may indicate a mechanism whereby males ... | [
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PMID:2628 | Qualitative and quantitative changes in carbohydrates during the manufacture of yogurt. | The average lactose content of yogurt mix was 8.50% and decreased during fermentation to 5.75%. The initial galactose content of the mix was a trace but increased to 1.20% during fermentation. Glucose content remained a trace throughout fermentation. Several brands of commercial yogurt were purchased from local superma... | Qualitative and quantitative changes in carbohydrates during the manufacture of yogurt. The average lactose content of yogurt mix was 8.50% and decreased during fermentation to 5.75%. The initial galactose content of the mix was a trace but increased to 1.20% during fermentation. Glucose content remained a trace throug... | [
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PMID:2627 | Effects of adrenalectomy and glucocorticoid therapy on enzyme activities in mammary and adipose tissues from lactating rats. | Several mammary and adipose enzymes were measured in normal, adrenal-ectomized, adrenalectomized cortisol-treated, and intake-restricted lactating rats. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, lipoprotein lipase, and triglyceride synthetase complex activities in mammary tissue were unchanged by intake restriction, decreased by adrenal... | Effects of adrenalectomy and glucocorticoid therapy on enzyme activities in mammary and adipose tissues from lactating rats. Several mammary and adipose enzymes were measured in normal, adrenal-ectomized, adrenalectomized cortisol-treated, and intake-restricted lactating rats. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, lipoprotein lipase... | [
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PMID:2629 | B-complex vitamins in cultured and acidified yogurt. | Studies were to determine the effect of various factors upon B-vitamin content of cultured yogurt and to compare the B-vitamin contents of cultured and direct acidified yogurt. Incubation of yogurt culture at 42 C for 3 h yielded maximum vitamin synthesis concurrent with optimal flavor and texture qualities. A method w... | B-complex vitamins in cultured and acidified yogurt. Studies were to determine the effect of various factors upon B-vitamin content of cultured yogurt and to compare the B-vitamin contents of cultured and direct acidified yogurt. Incubation of yogurt culture at 42 C for 3 h yielded maximum vitamin synthesis concurrent ... | [
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PMID:2630 | Microorganisms and characteristics of laban. | Laban had a titratable acidity of about 1.0%, a pH of 4.25, an ethanol content of 1.25%, and contained 4.2 mug acetaldehyde and 34 mug acetoin/ml. There was no diacetyl. Five microorganisms, classified as Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Leuconostoc lactis, Kluyveromyces fragilis, and Saccharomyce... | Microorganisms and characteristics of laban. Laban had a titratable acidity of about 1.0%, a pH of 4.25, an ethanol content of 1.25%, and contained 4.2 mug acetaldehyde and 34 mug acetoin/ml. There was no diacetyl. Five microorganisms, classified as Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Leuconostoc lac... | [
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PMID:2631 | A mechanism for tobacco smoke-induced allergy. | Normal CFW mice, when exposed to tobacco smoke, showed a significantly increased susceptibility to the lethal effects of histamine. The LD50 for mice subjected to smoke was 45 mg/kg of histamine, whereas in normal CFW mice the LD50 was 1,100 mg/kg. The histamine susceptibility of smoked mice was markedly diminished by ... | A mechanism for tobacco smoke-induced allergy. Normal CFW mice, when exposed to tobacco smoke, showed a significantly increased susceptibility to the lethal effects of histamine. The LD50 for mice subjected to smoke was 45 mg/kg of histamine, whereas in normal CFW mice the LD50 was 1,100 mg/kg. The histamine susceptibi... | [
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PMID:2633 | Regulation of the antibody response to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide. V. Ontogeny of factors influencing the magnitude of the plaque-forming cell response. | Mice of different ages were evaluated with respect to their ability to give a plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to Type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (SSSIII), as well as the degree of amplifier and suppressor thymus-derived(T) cell activity present. Although the magnitude of the PFC response to an optimally immunog... | Regulation of the antibody response to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide. V. Ontogeny of factors influencing the magnitude of the plaque-forming cell response. Mice of different ages were evaluated with respect to their ability to give a plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to Type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (SSS... | [
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PMID:2634 | The role of the capsular polysaccharide in the activation of the alternative pathway by the pneumococcus. | Previous studies have shown that when pneumococci are incubated in normal, nonimmune serum, they activate the alternative pathway and opsonically active C3b is fixed to the surface of the organism. Other studies have demonstrated that C3-dependent opsonization via the alternative pathway plays a significant role in the... | The role of the capsular polysaccharide in the activation of the alternative pathway by the pneumococcus. Previous studies have shown that when pneumococci are incubated in normal, nonimmune serum, they activate the alternative pathway and opsonically active C3b is fixed to the surface of the organism. Other studies ha... | [
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PMID:2635 | The effects of age on the immune response to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (SIII) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in BALB/c, SJL/J, and C3H mice. | Type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (SIII) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to evaluate B cell and T cell regulatory functions in BALB/c, SJL/J, and C3H mice of various ages. It was found that the BALB/c and C3H mice could mount high level plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses to SIII at various ages thr... | The effects of age on the immune response to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (SIII) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in BALB/c, SJL/J, and C3H mice. Type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (SIII) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to evaluate B cell and T cell regulatory functions in BALB/c, SJL/J... | [
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PMID:2636 | Production of IgG antibodies and enhanced response of nude mice to DNP-AE-dextran. | DNP-AE-dextran, prepared by the binding of DNP-epsilon-aminocaproyl residues to animoethylated dextran (predominantly alpha-1,6-linked), induced a T-independent anti-DNP antibody response in mice. However, certain differences were observed between the response to this antigen in normal andnude mice. Thus, the antibody ... | Production of IgG antibodies and enhanced response of nude mice to DNP-AE-dextran. DNP-AE-dextran, prepared by the binding of DNP-epsilon-aminocaproyl residues to animoethylated dextran (predominantly alpha-1,6-linked), induced a T-independent anti-DNP antibody response in mice. However, certain differences were observ... | [
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PMID:2637 | Lymphoid cell fractionation by aggregated immunoglobulin-agarose columns. | Fractionation by columns of aggregated rat immunoglobulin (Agg Ig)-agarose was investigated as a method of separating different populations of lymphoid cells. With rat spleen cells, Agg Ig columns retained phagocytes, IgM- and IgG-antibody-forming-cells, cells mediating antibody- or PHA-induced lysis of chicken erythro... | Lymphoid cell fractionation by aggregated immunoglobulin-agarose columns. Fractionation by columns of aggregated rat immunoglobulin (Agg Ig)-agarose was investigated as a method of separating different populations of lymphoid cells. With rat spleen cells, Agg Ig columns retained phagocytes, IgM- and IgG-antibody-formin... | [
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PMID:2640 | Rheological studies of Hb SS blood: influence of hematocrit, hypertonicity, separation of cells, deoxygenation, and mixture with normal cells. | Studies of the rheological properties of Hb SS blood indicate that the marked increase in viscosity with deoxygenation is primarily due to cell-cell interaction of cells which were not permanently deformed. The permanently deformed cells, the bottom fraction of cells separated by centrifugation, show only a fraction of... | Rheological studies of Hb SS blood: influence of hematocrit, hypertonicity, separation of cells, deoxygenation, and mixture with normal cells. Studies of the rheological properties of Hb SS blood indicate that the marked increase in viscosity with deoxygenation is primarily due to cell-cell interaction of cells which w... | [
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PMID:2641 | Detection of pneumococcal polysaccharide in the sputum of patients with pneumococcal pneumonia by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. | Each of 41 patients with bacterial pneumonia was placed into 1 of 4 categories based on the relative clinical certainty of the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. The frequency of pneumococcal polysaccharide in the sputum by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) was then noted for each diagnostic category of patients. De... | Detection of pneumococcal polysaccharide in the sputum of patients with pneumococcal pneumonia by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. Each of 41 patients with bacterial pneumonia was placed into 1 of 4 categories based on the relative clinical certainty of the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. The frequency of pneumococca... | [
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PMID:2642 | The myofilament lattice: studies on isolated fibers. IV. Lattice equilibria in striated muscle. | Accounts of similarities between the thick filament lattice of striated muscle and smectic liquid-crystalline structures have focused upon an equilibrium between electrostatic (repulsive) and van der Waal's (attractive) forces. In living, intact muscle the fiber volume constitutes an additional important parameter whic... | The myofilament lattice: studies on isolated fibers. IV. Lattice equilibria in striated muscle. Accounts of similarities between the thick filament lattice of striated muscle and smectic liquid-crystalline structures have focused upon an equilibrium between electrostatic (repulsive) and van der Waal's (attractive) forc... | [
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PMID:2643 | The identification and subcellular localization of thrombosthenin "M", the myosin-like component of pig platelets. | A protein has been studied which spontaneously precipitates from stored fractions of platelet soluble phase prepared by density gradient centrifugation. It is rich in a Ca2+ ATPase activity which displays an activity/pH profile resembling that of skeletal muscle myosin. Adjustment of freshly prepared soluble phase frac... | The identification and subcellular localization of thrombosthenin "M", the myosin-like component of pig platelets. A protein has been studied which spontaneously precipitates from stored fractions of platelet soluble phase prepared by density gradient centrifugation. It is rich in a Ca2+ ATPase activity which displays ... | [
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PMID:2645 | Control of mouth opening and pharynx protrusion during feeding in the sea anemone Calliactis parasitica. | 1. Activity in all three known conducting systems (the nerve net, SS1, and SS2) may accompany feeding in Calliactis. The most marked response is an increase in pulse frequency in the SS2 (the endodermal slow conducting system) during mouth opening and pharynx protrusion. 2. Electrical stimulation of the SS2 at a freque... | Control of mouth opening and pharynx protrusion during feeding in the sea anemone Calliactis parasitica. 1. Activity in all three known conducting systems (the nerve net, SS1, and SS2) may accompany feeding in Calliactis. The most marked response is an increase in pulse frequency in the SS2 (the endodermal slow conduct... | [
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PMID:2646 | Blood oxygen transport and metabolism of the confined lugworm Arenicola marina (L.). | Oxygen consumption (MO2), haemoglobin oxygen saturation level (SVO2) and pH (pHv) in prebranchial blood were measured in lugworms experimentally confined in sea water at 15 degrees C. Total blood flow through the gills (Vb) was estimated. For sea water oxygen partial pressure (PwO2) between 120 and 150 Torr MO2, SVO2 a... | Blood oxygen transport and metabolism of the confined lugworm Arenicola marina (L.). Oxygen consumption (MO2), haemoglobin oxygen saturation level (SVO2) and pH (pHv) in prebranchial blood were measured in lugworms experimentally confined in sea water at 15 degrees C. Total blood flow through the gills (Vb) was estimat... | [
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PMID:2647 | Multiple sedimenting species of properdin in human serum and interaction of purified properdin with the third component of complement. | Normal human serum subjected to sucrose density gradient analysis exhibited multiple sedimenting species of properdin antigen. Properdin antigen distribution was dependent on serum concentration, ionic strength, temperature, and the presence of C3, and was not dependent on the presence of divalent metal cations or bloo... | Multiple sedimenting species of properdin in human serum and interaction of purified properdin with the third component of complement. Normal human serum subjected to sucrose density gradient analysis exhibited multiple sedimenting species of properdin antigen. Properdin antigen distribution was dependent on serum conc... | [
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PMID:2648 | [Cathepsin, phosphoprotein-phosphatase and acid phosphatase in the soluble fraction of the cattle brain cortex: purification and properties (author's transl)]. | Cattle brain cortex was homogenised in 0, 29 mol/1 sucrose and centrifuged at 101 000 X g. The supernatant contains the majority of 3 enzymes participating in protein turnover: cathepsin (EC 3.4.4.23), phosphoprotein phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.16) and acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2). They were separated by chromatography on S... | [Cathepsin, phosphoprotein-phosphatase and acid phosphatase in the soluble fraction of the cattle brain cortex: purification and properties (author's transl)]. Cattle brain cortex was homogenised in 0, 29 mol/1 sucrose and centrifuged at 101 000 X g. The supernatant contains the majority of 3 enzymes participating in p... | [
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PMID:2649 | Polydipsia, hyponatremia, and seizures in psychotic patients. | Case histories are presented for four psychotic patients who ingested large quantities of water and subsequently developed grand mal seizures and serum sodium levels of less than 121 meq/liter. The physiology of psychogenic polydipsia and related disorders is reviewed. The relation of this disorder to temporal lobe sei... | Polydipsia, hyponatremia, and seizures in psychotic patients. Case histories are presented for four psychotic patients who ingested large quantities of water and subsequently developed grand mal seizures and serum sodium levels of less than 121 meq/liter. The physiology of psychogenic polydipsia and related disorders i... | [
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PMID:2650 | Isolation from bovine brain of a fraction containing capillaries and a fraction containing membrane fragments of the choroid plexus. | Combined differential and density gradient centrifugation was used for the isolation of a capillary-rich fraction from the cerebral cortex and a brush border containing fraction from the bovine choroid plexus. The activities of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and several other marker enzymes were monitored during the fra... | Isolation from bovine brain of a fraction containing capillaries and a fraction containing membrane fragments of the choroid plexus. Combined differential and density gradient centrifugation was used for the isolation of a capillary-rich fraction from the cerebral cortex and a brush border containing fraction from the ... | [
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PMID:2651 | Ionic mechanism of 5-hydroxytryptamine induced hyperpolarization and inhibitory junctional potential in body wall muscle cells of Hirudo medicinalis. | Five-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) causes a hyperpolarization and increased conductance of the leech body wall muscle cell membrane. If 5-HT is applied in the absence of the Cl minus ion, the response appears as a depolarization, whereas if 5-HT is applied in the absence of the K+ ion, the response is a hyperpolarization. I... | Ionic mechanism of 5-hydroxytryptamine induced hyperpolarization and inhibitory junctional potential in body wall muscle cells of Hirudo medicinalis. Five-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) causes a hyperpolarization and increased conductance of the leech body wall muscle cell membrane. If 5-HT is applied in the absence of the C... | [
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PMID:2652 | Cerebrospinal fluid lactate and lactate/pyruvate ratios in hydrocephalus. | Cerebral metabolism in 21 hydrocephalic patients was studied. Preoperative and postoperative specimens of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were obtained and the cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) was calculated in each instance. The specimens of CSF were analyzed for lactate and pyruvate and the lactate/pyruvate (L/P) ratio wa... | Cerebrospinal fluid lactate and lactate/pyruvate ratios in hydrocephalus. Cerebral metabolism in 21 hydrocephalic patients was studied. Preoperative and postoperative specimens of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were obtained and the cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) was calculated in each instance. The specimens of CSF were... | [
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PMID:2653 | Effects of hyperventilation, CO2, and CSF pressure on internal carotid blood flow in the baboon. | The combined effect upon cerebral blood flow (CBF) of an elevation of cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) and changes in respiratory CO2 was studied in nine baboons under chloralose anesthesia. The animals were mildly hyperventilated and provided with increasing amounts of CO2 in O2-air. Arterial CO2 tensions (PaCO2) i... | Effects of hyperventilation, CO2, and CSF pressure on internal carotid blood flow in the baboon. The combined effect upon cerebral blood flow (CBF) of an elevation of cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) and changes in respiratory CO2 was studied in nine baboons under chloralose anesthesia. The animals were mildly hyper... | [
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PMID:2654 | The effect of dietary vanadium on fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis and turnover in the chick. | Day-old male, broiler type chicks were used to study the effect of 100 ppm dietary vanadium on fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis and turnover in vivo. After feeding the experimental diets for 4 weeks body weight and liver weight of chicks fed 100 ppm vanadium were significantly less than those of the control chicks ... | The effect of dietary vanadium on fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis and turnover in the chick. Day-old male, broiler type chicks were used to study the effect of 100 ppm dietary vanadium on fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis and turnover in vivo. After feeding the experimental diets for 4 weeks body weight and liv... | [
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PMID:2655 | Changes of pH-values during storage of fetal blood samples. | In recent years increased attention has been given to the degree of acidity of fetal blood during the course of labor or immediately after delivery. As it is not always possible to measure the blood pH immediately after sampling, it is important to know whether or not the pH is likely to change if the blood sample is s... | Changes of pH-values during storage of fetal blood samples. In recent years increased attention has been given to the degree of acidity of fetal blood during the course of labor or immediately after delivery. As it is not always possible to measure the blood pH immediately after sampling, it is important to know whethe... | [
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