_id stringlengths 6 8 | title stringlengths 10 234 | text stringlengths 90 9.94k | metadata dict |
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MED-1257 | Protein and coronary heart disease: the role of different protein sources. | Meat protein is associated with an increase in risk of heart disease. Recent data have shown that meat protein appeared to be associated with weight gain over 6.5 years, with 1 kg of weight increase per 125 g of meat per day. In the Nurses' Health Study, diets low in red meat, containing nuts, low-fat dairy, poultry, o... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21912836"
} |
MED-1258 | The effect of combining plant sterols, soy protein, viscous fibers, and almonds in treating hypercholesterolemia. | Reductions in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) result from diets containing almonds, or diets that are either low in saturated fat or high in viscous fibers, soy proteins, or plant sterols. We have therefore combined all of these interventions in a single diet (portfolio diet) to determine whether cholestero... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14624410"
} |
MED-1259 | Consumption of blueberries with a high-carbohydrate, low-fat breakfast decreases postprandial serum markers of oxidation. | We sought to determine whether consumption of blueberries could reduce postprandial oxidation when consumed with a typical high-carbohydrate, low-fat breakfast. Participants (n 14) received each of the three treatments over 3 weeks in a cross-over design. Treatments consisted of a high blueberry dose (75 g), a low blue... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22935321"
} |
MED-1261 | ‘Catalytic’ doses of fructose may benefit glycaemic control without harming cardiometabolic risk factors: a small meta-analysis of randomised controlled feeding trials | Contrary to concerns that fructose may have adverse metabolic effects, there is evidence that small, ‘catalytic’ doses ( ≤ 10 g/meal) of fructose decrease the glycaemic response to high-glycaemic index meals in human subjects. To assess the longer-term effects of ‘catalytic’ doses of fructose, we undertook a meta-analy... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22354959"
} |
MED-1262 | Effect of fruit restriction on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes – a randomized trial | Background Medical nutrition therapy is recognized as an important treatment option in type 2 diabetes. Most guidelines recommend eating a diet with a high intake of fiber-rich food including fruit. This is based on the many positive effects of fruit on human health. However some health professionals have concerns that... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23497350"
} |
MED-1265 | Synergistic toxicity of the environmental neurotoxins methylmercury and β-N-methylamino-L-alanine. | Determination of the environmental factors involved in neurodegenerative diseases has been elusive. Methylmercury and β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) have both been implicated in this role. Exposure of primary cortical cultures to these compounds independently induced concentration-dependent neurotoxicity. Importantly... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22314682"
} |
MED-1266 | The Cyanobacteria Derived Toxin Beta-N-Methylamino-L-Alanine and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | There is mounting evidence to suggest that environmental factors play a major role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases like ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis). The non-protein amino acid beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) was first associated with the high incidence of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Parki... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22069578"
} |
MED-1267 | From the Cover: Transfer of a cyanobacterial neurotoxin within a temperate aquatic ecosystem suggests pathways for human exposure | β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), a neurotoxic nonprotein amino acid produced by most cyanobacteria, has been proposed to be the causative agent of devastating neurodegenerative diseases on the island of Guam in the Pacific Ocean. Because cyanobacteria are widespread globally, we hypothesized that BMAA might occur and bi... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20439734"
} |
MED-1268 | Linking β-methylamino-L-alanine exposure to sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Annapolis, MD. | Most amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases occur sporadically. Some environmental triggers have been implicated, including beta-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), a cyanobacteria produced neurotoxin. This study aimed to identify environmental risk factors common to three sporadic ALS patients who lived in Annapolis, Mar... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23660330"
} |
MED-1271 | Dietary BMAA Exposure in an Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Cluster from Southern France | Background Dietary exposure to the cyanotoxin BMAA is suspected to be the cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the Western Pacific Islands. In Europe and North America, this toxin has been identified in the marine environment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clusters but, to date, only few dietary exposures have b... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24349504"
} |
MED-1272 | A cluster of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in New Hampshire: a possible role for toxic cyanobacteria blooms. | Cyanobacteria produce many neurotoxins including beta-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) that has been liked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and neurodegenerative disease. A number of ALS cases have been diagnosed among residents of Enfield, NH, a town encompassing a lake with a history of cyanobacteria algal blooms. ... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19929741"
} |
MED-1273 | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A case-control study following detection of a cluster in a small Wisconsin community. | From 1975 to 1983, six cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) were diagnosed in long-term residents of Two Rivers, Wis; the probability that this occurred due to chance was less than .05. To investigate potential risk factors for ALS, we conducted a case-control study using two control subjects matched to each ca... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2294892"
} |
MED-1274 | Cyanobacterial Neurotoxin β-N-Methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) in Shark Fins | Sharks are among the most threatened groups of marine species. Populations are declining globally to support the growing demand for shark fin soup. Sharks are known to bioaccumulate toxins that may pose health risks to consumers of shark products. The feeding habits of sharks are varied, including fish, mammals, crusta... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22412816"
} |
MED-1276 | Spatial clustering of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Finland at place of birth and place of death. | Previous evidence for spatial clustering of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is inconclusive. Studies that have identified apparent clusters have often been based on a small number of cases, which means the results may have occurred by chance processes. Also, most studies have used the geographic location at the time of d... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12746242"
} |
MED-1277 | Is exposure to cyanobacteria an environmental risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurodegenerative diseases? | There is a broad scientific consensus that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is caused by gene-environment interactions. Mutations in genes underlying familial ALS (fALS) have been discovered in only 5-10% of the total population of ALS patients. Relatively little attention has been paid to environmental and lifestyl... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23286757"
} |
MED-1278 | Does α-Amino-β-methylaminopropionic Acid (BMAA) Play a Role in Neurodegeneration? | The association of α-amino-β-methylaminopropionic acid (BMAA) with elevated incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/Parkinson’s disease complex (ALS/PDC) was first identified on the island of Guam. BMAA has been shown to be produced across the cyanobacterial order and its detection has been reported in a variety of ... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22016712"
} |
MED-1279 | Spatial clustering of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the potential role of BMAA. | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative syndrome which has no known cause, except for a small proportion of cases which are genetically inherited. The development of ALS likely involves both genetic and environmental risk factors. Environmental risk factors implicated in ALS have included heavy... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22214351"
} |
MED-1280 | Diverse taxa of cyanobacteria produce β-N-methylamino-l-alanine, a neurotoxic amino acid | Cyanobacteria can generate molecules hazardous to human health, but production of the known cyanotoxins is taxonomically sporadic. For example, members of a few genera produce hepatotoxic microcystins, whereas production of hepatotoxic nodularins appears to be limited to a single genus. Production of known neurotoxins ... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15809446"
} |
MED-1281 | Scanning the human proteome for calmodulin-binding proteins | The calcium ion (Ca2+) is a ubiquitous second messenger that is crucial for the regulation of a wide variety of cellular processes. The diverse transient signals transduced by Ca2+ are mediated by intracellular Ca2+-binding proteins, also known as Ca2+ sensors. A key obstacle to studying many Ca2+-sensing proteins is t... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15840729"
} |
MED-1282 | Beyond Guam: the cyanobacteria/BMAA hypothesis of the cause of ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases. | Excitement about neurogenetics in the last two decades has diverted attention from environmental causes of sporadic ALS. Fifty years ago endemic foci of ALS with a frequency one hundred times that in the rest of the world attracted attention since they offered the possibility of finding the cause for non-endemic ALS th... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19929726"
} |
MED-1283 | Current pathways for epidemiological research in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease. The current status of the epidemiology, challenges to its study, and novel study design options are discussed in this paper. We focus on recent results from large-scale population based prospective studies, case-control studies and ... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23678878"
} |
MED-1284 | 2-Amino-3-(methylamino)-propanoic acid (BMAA) in cycad flour: an unlikely cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia of Guam. | We conducted an investigation of the levels of the neurotoxin 2-amino-3-(methylamino)-propanoic acid (BMAA) in cycad flour. Analysis of 30 flour samples processed from the endosperm of Cycas circinalis seeds collected on Guam indicated that more than 87% of the total BMAA content was removed during processing. Furtherm... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2330104"
} |
MED-1285 | Cycad neurotoxins, consumption of flying foxes, and ALS-PDC disease in Guam. | The Chamorro people of Guam have been afflicted with a complex of neurodegenerative diseases (now known as ALS-PDC) with similarities to ALS, AD, and PD at a far higher rate than other populations throughout the world. Chamorro consumption of flying foxes may have generated sufficiently high cumulative doses of plant n... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11914415"
} |
MED-1287 | Cyanobacterial Blooms and the Occurrence of the neurotoxin beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) in South Florida Aquatic Food Webs | Recent studies demonstrate that most cyanobacteria produce the neurotoxin beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and that it can biomagnify in at least one terrestrial food chain. BMAA has been implicated as a significant environmental risk in the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Park... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21057660"
} |
MED-1288 | Biomagnification of cycad neurotoxins in flying foxes: implications for ALS-PDC in Guam. | Beta-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) occurs in higher levels in museum specimens of the Guamanian flying fox than in the cycad seeds the flying foxes feed on, confirming the hypothesis that cycad neurotoxins are biomagnified within the Guam ecosystem. Consumption of a single flying fox may have resulted in an equivalent B... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12913204"
} |
MED-1289 | A mechanism for slow release of biomagnified cyanobacterial neurotoxins and neurodegenerative disease in Guam | As root symbionts of cycad trees, cyanobacteria of the genus Nostoc produce β-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA), a neurotoxic nonprotein amino acid. The biomagnification of BMAA through the Guam ecosystem fits a classic triangle of increasing concentrations of toxic compounds up the food chain. However, because BMAA is pola... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15295100"
} |
MED-1290 | Possible therapy for ALS based on the cyanobacteria/BMAA hypothesis. | Although the cyanobacteria/BMAA hypothesis of the cause of ALS and other age-related neurodegenerative diseases remains to be proven, it is not too early to ask whether treatment would be possible if the hypothesis were correct. This paper reviews the possible ways that chronic BMAA neurotoxicity could be prevented or ... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19929743"
} |
MED-1291 | Mushrooms, tumors, and immunity: an update. | There is significant interest in the use of mushrooms and/or mushroom extracts as dietary supplements based on theories that they enhance immune function and promote health. To some extent, select mushrooms have been shown to have stimulatory action on immune responsiveness, particularly when studied in vitro. However,... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15096651"
} |
MED-1292 | The immunobiology of mushrooms. | There has been enormous interest in the biologic activity of mushrooms and innumerable claims have been made that mushrooms have beneficial effects on immune function with subsequent implications for inhibition of tumor growth. The majority of these observations are anecdotal and often lack standardization. However, th... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18296732"
} |
MED-1293 | Immunity: plants as effective mediators. | In the domain of nutrition, exploring the diet-health linkages is major area of research. The outcomes of such interventions led to widespread acceptance of functional and nutraceutical foods; however, augmenting immunity is a major concern of dietary regimens. Indeed, the immune system is incredible arrangement of spe... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24564587"
} |
MED-1294 | Immune-modulatory effects of dietary Yeast Beta-1,3/1,6-D-glucan | Beta-glucans are a heterogeneous group of natural polysaccharides mostly investigated for their immunological effects. Due to the low systemic availability of oral preparations, it has been thought that only parenterally applied beta-glucans can modulate the immune system. However, several in vivo and in vitro investig... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24774968"
} |
MED-1295 | Natural and modified (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans in health promotion and disease alleviation. | A number of polysaccharides with beta-glycosidic linkage are widespread in nature in a variety of sources. All have a common structure and the (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan backbone is essential. They have attracted attention over the years because of their bioactive and medicinal properties. In many cases their functional rol... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16419618"
} |
MED-1296 | Natural immunomodulators and their stimulation of immune reaction: true or false? | Natural immunomodulators are getting more and more popular. The popularity, however, often brings over-optimistic claims and mediocre effects. The purpose of the present study was to directly compare eleven most commonly used immunomodulators. Through testing both cellular and humoral branches of immune reactions, we f... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24778031"
} |
MED-1298 | Increased interleukin-10 but unchanged insulin sensitivity after 4 weeks of (1, 3)(1, 6)-beta-glycan consumption in overweight humans. | Obesity-induced insulin resistance has been suggested to be a systemic inflammatory condition with activation of the innate immune system. Animal studies indicate that certain dietary fibers such as (1,3)(1,6)-beta-D-glycans (BDG) have potent effects on immune activity such as increasing the antiinflammatory cytokine i... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19410976"
} |
MED-1299 | Baker's yeast beta-glucan supplement reduces upper respiratory symptoms and improves mood state in stressed women. | OBJECTIVE: Several studies have shown a baker's yeast beta-1,3/1,6-d-glucan, extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is effective in reducing the incidence of cold and flu symptoms. This study evaluated the effect of a specific beta-glucan supplement (Wellmune) on upper respiratory tract symptoms and psychological wel... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23378458"
} |
MED-1300 | Yeast (1,3)-(1,6)-beta-glucan helps to maintain the body’s defence against pathogens: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicentric study in healthy subjects | Purpose The effect of brewers’ yeast (1,3)-(1,6)-beta-d-glucan consumption on the number of common cold episodes in healthy subject was investigated. Methods In a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, multicentric clinical trial, 162 healthy participants with recurring infections received 900 mg of either place... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23340963"
} |
MED-1301 | The impact of cereal grain consumption on the development and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. | PURPOSE: There is evidence that dietary habits contribute to the presence and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of the present study was to explore any associations between consumption of grains and the development and severity of NAFLD. METHODS: Seventy-three consecutive NAFLD patients wer... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24604574"
} |
MED-1302 | Increasing Whole Grain Intake as Part of Prevention and Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease | In conjunction with the rise in rates of obesity, there has been an increase in the rate of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). While NAFLD at least partially originates from poor diet, there is a lack of nutritional recommendations for patients with suspected or confirmed diagnosis of NAFLD, beyond eating a heal... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23762052"
} |
MED-1303 | Avena sativa (Oat), a potential neutraceutical and therapeutic agent: an overview. | The aim of the present review article is to summarize the available information related to the availability, production, chemical composition, pharmacological activity, and traditional uses of Avena sativa to highlight its potential to contribute to human health. Oats are now cultivated worldwide and form an important ... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23072529"
} |
MED-1304 | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an emerging threat to obese and diabetic individuals | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the Western world and its incidence is increasing rapidly. NAFLD is a spectrum ranging from simple steatosis, which is relatively benign hepatically, to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to cirrhosis. Obesity, insulin res... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23363012"
} |
MED-1305 | Whole grain intake in relation to body weight: from epidemiological evidence to clinical trials. | This viewpoint aims to 1) review the available scientific literature on the relationship between whole grain consumption and body weight regulation; 2) evaluate the potential mechanisms whereby whole grain intake may help reduce overweight and 3) try to understand why epidemiological studies and clinical trials provide... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22036468"
} |
MED-1307 | Bedside ultrasound in the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the United States. While the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases guidelines define NAFLD as hepatic steatosis detected either on histology or imaging without a secondary cause of abnormal hepatic fat accumulation, no imaging ... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24944472"
} |
MED-1308 | The Role of Whole Grains in Body Weight Regulation | Whole grain (WG)-rich diets are purported to have a variety of health benefits, including a favorable role in body weight regulation. Current dietary recommendations advocate substituting WG for refined grains (RG), because many of the beneficial bioactive components intrinsic to WG are lost during the refining process... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22983848"
} |
MED-1309 | Oat prevents obesity and abdominal fat distribution, and improves liver function in humans. | Obesity is associated with a great diversity of diseases including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Our recent report suggested that oat, rich in beta-glucan, had a metabolic-regulating and liver-protecting effect in an animal model. In this study, we performed a clinical trial to further confirm the effect of oat. S... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23371785"
} |
MED-1311 | Cetuximab preclinical antitumor activity (monotherapy and combination based) is not predicted by relative total or activated epidermal growth facto... | Although Erbitux (cetuximab) has proven therapeutic benefit in the clinical setting, the molecular determinants predicting responsiveness to this agent are still not very well understood. Here, we assessed the relationship between basal total and activated (pY1068) epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) levels in a tu... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16432168"
} |
MED-1312 | Inhibitory effect of oatmeal extract oligomer on vasoactive intestinal peptide-induced inflammation in surviving human skin. | The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiinflammatory effect of oatmeal extract oligomer on skin fragments stimulated by a neuromediator, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Skin fragments (from plastic surgery) were maintained in survival conditions for 6 h. To induce inflammation, VIP was placed in contact with... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14518591"
} |
MED-1313 | Effect of treatment with a colloidal oatmeal lotion on the acneform eruption induced by epidermal growth factor receptor and multiple tyrosine-kina... | Current treatment modalities for epidermal growth factor (EGFR)-positive cancers have recently included the use of antibodies and small-molecule tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKI). A significant limiting step in the use of these agents is dermatological toxicity, frequently in the form of an acneiform eruption. Present m... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17034418"
} |
MED-1314 | The management of skin reactions in cancer patients receiving epidermal growth factor receptor targeted therapies. | The use of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors for the treatment of solid tumours is increasing. However, the tolerability profile for EGFR-inhibitors, such as the monoclonal antibody cetuximab and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib, is characterised by a unique group of skin reactions dominated by ... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16033478"
} |
MED-1315 | Primary and acquired resistance of colorectal cancer cells to anti-EGFR antibodies converge on MEK/ERK pathway activation and can be overcome by co... | PURPOSE: The EGFR-independent activation of the RAS/RAF/MEK/MAPK pathway is one of the resistance mechanisms to cetuximab. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We have evaluated, in vitro and in vivo, the effects of BAY 86-9766, a selective MEK1/2 inhibitor, in a panel of human colorectal cancer cell lines with primary or acquired res... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24812410"
} |
MED-1316 | Colloidal oatmeal: history, chemistry and clinical properties. | Oatmeal has been used for centuries as a soothing agent to relieve itch and irritation associated with various xerotic dermatoses. In 1945, a ready to use colloidal oatmeal, produced by finely grinding the oat and boiling it to extract the colloidal material, became available. Today, colloidal oatmeal is available in v... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17373175"
} |
MED-1317 | Avenanthramides inhibit proliferation of human colon cancer cell lines in vitro. | A high intake of whole grain foods is associated with reduced risk of colon cancer, but the mechanism underlying this protection has yet to be elucidated. Chronic inflammation and associated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in the colon epithelium are causally related to epithelial carcinogenesis, proliferation, and... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21058188"
} |
MED-1318 | Rice consumption is not associated with risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity or mortality in Japanese men and women: a large population-based, ... | BACKGROUND: Rice consumption has been associated with risk of type 2 diabetes, but its relation with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is limited. OBJECTIVE: We examined the association between rice consumption and risk of CVD incidence and mortality in a Japanese population. DESIGN: This was a prospective study in 91,223 J... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24740204"
} |
MED-1319 | Diet and chronic degenerative diseases: perspectives from China. | A comprehensive ecologic survey of dietary, life-style, and mortality characteristics of 65 counties in rural China showed that diets are substantially richer in foods of plant origin when compared with diets consumed in the more industrialized, Western societies. Mean intakes of animal protein (about one-tenth of the ... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8172116"
} |
MED-1320 | White Rice, Brown Rice, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in US Men and Women | Context Because of a different degree of processing and nutrient contents, brown rice and white rice may have different effects on risk of type 2 diabetes. Objective To prospectively examine white rice and brown rice consumptions in relation to type 2 diabetes risk in US men and women aged 26–87 yr. Design and Setting ... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20548009"
} |
MED-1321 | Phospholipids in rice: significance in grain quality and health benefits: a review. | Phospholipids (PLs) are a major class of lipid in rice grain. Although PLs are only a minor nutrient compared to starch and protein, they may have both nutritional and functional significance. We have systemically reviewed the literature on the class, distribution and variation of PLs in rice, their relation to rice en... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23561219"
} |
MED-1322 | Whole grain and refined grain consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. | Several studies have suggested a protective effect of intake of whole grains, but not refined grains on type 2 diabetes risk, but the dose-response relationship between different types of grains and type 2 diabetes has not been established. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies of gr... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24158434"
} |
MED-1323 | Low-carbohydrate diet scores and risk of type 2 diabetes in men | Background: Fat and protein sources may influence whether low-carbohydrate diets are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Objective: The objective was to compare the associations of 3 low-carbohydrate diet scores with incident T2D. Design: A prospective cohort study was conducted in participants from the Health Profe... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21310828"
} |
MED-1324 | Differential effect of protein and fat ingestion on blood glucose responses to high- and low-glycemic-index carbohydrates in noninsulin-dependent d... | Six noninsulin-dependent diabetic subjects received meals containing 25 g carbohydrate either as potato or as spaghetti. The meals were repeated with the addition of 25 g protein and with 25 g protein and 25 g fat. Blood glucose and insulin responses were measured for 4 h after the test meal. When carbohydrate was give... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2679037"
} |
MED-1326 | Prevalence of diabetes among men and women in China. | BACKGROUND: Because of the rapid change in lifestyle in China, there is concern that diabetes may become epidemic. We conducted a national study from June 2007 through May 2008 to estimate the prevalence of diabetes among Chinese adults. METHODS: A nationally representative sample of 46,239 adults, 20 years of age or o... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20335585"
} |
MED-1327 | Greater whole-grain intake is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and weight gain. | Whole-grain and high fiber intakes are routinely recommended for prevention of vascular diseases; however, there are no comprehensive and quantitative assessments of available data in humans. The aim of this study was to systematically examine longitudinal studies investigating whole-grain and fiber intake in relation ... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22649266"
} |
MED-1328 | Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global B... | BACKGROUND: In 2010, overweight and obesity were estimated to cause 3·4 million deaths, 3·9% of years of life lost, and 3·8% of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) worldwide. The rise in obesity has led to widespread calls for regular monitoring of changes in overweight and obesity prevalence in all populations. Com... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24880830"
} |
MED-1329 | White rice-based food consumption and ischemic stroke risk: a case-control study in southern China. | White rice-based foods, which are high in refined carbohydrates, are widely consumed in China. A case-control study was conducted to investigate the association between white rice-based food consumption and the risk of ischemic stroke in the southern Chinese population. Information on diet and lifestyle was obtained fr... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21051005"
} |
MED-1330 | Diabetes prevalence and determinants in adults in China mainland from 2000 to 2010: a systematic review. | AIMS: To systematically review trends in diabetes mellitus (DM) prevalence in adults in China over the last 10 years and to identify the determinants of these trends. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted for studies published between 2000 and 2010. Studies reporting DM prevalence were included if they met the pre... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22658670"
} |
MED-1331 | Dynamics of the nutrition transition toward the animal foods sector in China and its implications: a worried perspective. | Many changes in diet and in physical activity are occurring simultaneously in the developing world. These diet shifts include large increases in energy density, in the proportion of the population consuming a high fat diet and in animal product intake. Animal source foods (ASF) play a major role in these diet shifts. T... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14672288"
} |
MED-1332 | Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Japan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis | Background The definition of incident type 2 diabetes varies across studies; hence, the actual incidence of type 2 diabetes in Japan is unclear. Here, we reviewed the various definitions of incident type 2 diabetes used in previous epidemiologic studies and estimated the diabetes incidence rate in Japan. Methods We sea... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24040326"
} |
MED-1333 | Insulin secretion as a determinant of pancreatic cancer risk. | New epidemiology confirms that glucose intolerance is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer, and that this association cannot be accounted for by an adverse impact of early pancreatic cancer on beta cell function. Previous reports indicate that risk for pancreatic cancer is increased in adult-onset diabetics. Since strep... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11461162"
} |
MED-1334 | Program and Policy Options for Preventing Obesity in China | By 2002, China’s prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults was 18.9 percent and 2.9 percent, respectively. The Chinese traditional diet has been replaced by the “Western diet” and major declines in all phases of activity and increased sedentary activity as the main reasons explaining the rapid increase in overw... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24102781"
} |
MED-1335 | Glycaemic responses to glucose and rice in people of Chinese and European ethnicity. | AIMS: Diabetes rates are especially high in China. Risk of Type 2 diabetes increases with high intakes of white rice, a staple food of Chinese people. Ethnic differences in postprandial glycaemia have been reported. We compared glycaemic responses to glucose and five rice varieties in people of European and Chinese eth... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23181689"
} |
MED-1337 | Milk intake and risk of hip fracture in men and women: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. | Milk contains calcium, phosphorus, and protein and is fortified with vitamin D in the United States. All these ingredients may improve bone health. However, the potential benefit of milk on hip fracture prevention is not well established. The objective of this study was to assess the association of milk intake with ris... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20949604"
} |
MED-1338 | Milk intake and risk of mortality and fractures in women and men: cohort studies | Objective To examine whether high milk consumption is associated with mortality and fractures in women and men. Design Cohort studies. Setting Three counties in central Sweden. Participants Two large Swedish cohorts, one with 61 433 women (39-74 years at baseline 1987-90) and one with 45 339 men (45-79 years at baselin... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25352269"
} |
MED-1339 | Calcium supplementation and bone mineral density in females from childhood to young adulthood: a randomized controlled trial. | BACKGROUND: Short-term studies established that calcium influences bone accretion during growth. Whether long-term supplementation influences bone accretion in young adults is not known. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the long-term effects of calcium supplementation on bone accretion among females from childhood to yo... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15640478"
} |
MED-1340 | Milk Consumption During Teenage Years and Risk of Hip Fractures in Older Adults | Importance Milk consumption during adolescence is recommended to promote peak bone mass and thereby reduce fracture risk in later life. However, its role in hip fracture prevention is not established and high consumption may adversely influence risk by increasing height. Objective To determine whether milk consumption ... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24247817"
} |
MED-1341 | Skeletal health in adult patients with classic galactosemia. | SUMMARY: This study evaluated bone health in adults with galactosemia. Associations between bone mineral density (BMD) and nutritional and biochemical variables were explored. Calcium level predicted hip and spine BMD, and gonadotropin levels were inversely associated with spinal BMD in women. These results afford insi... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22525982"
} |
MED-1342 | The Efficacy of Paroxetine and Placebo in Treating Anxiety and Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Change on the Hamilton Rating Scales | Background Previous meta-analyses of published and unpublished trials indicate that antidepressants provide modest benefits compared to placebo in the treatment of depression; some have argued that these benefits are not clinically significant. However, these meta-analyses were based only on trials submitted for the in... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25162656"
} |
MED-1343 | Selective publication of antidepressant trials and its influence on apparent efficacy. | BACKGROUND: Evidence-based medicine is valuable to the extent that the evidence base is complete and unbiased. Selective publication of clinical trials--and the outcomes within those trials--can lead to unrealistic estimates of drug effectiveness and alter the apparent risk-benefit ratio. METHODS: We obtained reviews f... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18199864"
} |
MED-1344 | Deception as treatment: the case of depression. | Is it ever right to prescribe placebos to patients in clinical practice? The General Medical Council is ambivalent about the issue; the American Medical Association asserts that placebos can be administered only if the patient is (somehow) 'informed'. The potential problem with placebos is that they may involve decepti... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20962066"
} |
MED-1345 | Challenging Received Wisdom: Antidepressants and the Placebo Effect | This article explores the reaction when an article challenging received wisdom is published and covered extensively by the media (1). The article in question was a meta-analysis of antidepressant clinical trials indicating that for most patients, difference between drug and placebo was not clinically significant. React... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2582668/"
} |
MED-1347 | Antidepressants and the placebo response. | AIMS: To evaluate new generation antidepressants in relation to the placebo response. METHODS: I review meta-analyses in which response to antidepressant medication and response to placebo were calculated. RESULTS: All but one of these meta-analyses included unpublished as well as published trials. Most trials failed t... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20170046"
} |
MED-1348 | Initial Severity and Antidepressant Benefits: A Meta-Analysis of Data Submitted to the Food and Drug Administration | Background Meta-analyses of antidepressant medications have reported only modest benefits over placebo treatment, and when unpublished trial data are included, the benefit falls below accepted criteria for clinical significance. Yet, the efficacy of the antidepressants may also depend on the severity of initial depress... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18303940"
} |
MED-1349 | Antidepressants and the Placebo Effect | Antidepressants are supposed to work by fixing a chemical imbalance, specifically, a lack of serotonin in the brain. Indeed, their supposed effectiveness is the primary evidence for the chemical imbalance theory. But analyses of the published data and the unpublished data that were hidden by drug companies reveals that... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25279271"
} |
MED-1350 | A Pill for the Ill? Patients’ Reports of Their Experience of the Medical Encounter in the Treatment of Depression | Background Starting in the 1960s, a broad-based patients’ rights movement began to question doctors’ paternalism and to demand disclosure of medical information, informed consent, and active participation by the individual in personal health care. According to scholars, these changes contributed to downplay the biomedi... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23823902"
} |
MED-1351 | Conflicts of interest in psychiatry: strategies to cultivate literacy in daily practice. | The relationship between psychiatry and pharmaceutical companies has come under scrutiny during the past decade. Concerns are growing that financial ties of psychiatrists to the pharmaceutical industry may unduly influence professional judgments involving the primary interests of patients. Such conflicts of interest th... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24802771"
} |
MED-1352 | Primum Non Nocere: An Evolutionary Analysis of Whether Antidepressants Do More Harm than Good | Antidepressant medications are the first-line treatment for people meeting current diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder. Most antidepressants are designed to perturb the mechanisms that regulate the neurotransmitter serotonin – an evolutionarily ancient biochemical found in plants, animals, and fungi. Many... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22536191"
} |
MED-1353 | The drugs don’t work? antidepressants and the current and future pharmacological management of depression | Depression is a potentially life-threatening disorder affecting millions of people across the globe. It is a huge burden to both the individual and society, costing over £9 billion in 2000 alone: the World Health Organisation (WHO) cited it as the third leading cause of global disability in 2004 (first in the developed... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3736946/"
} |
MED-1354 | Antidepressant Drug effects and Depression Severity: A Patient-Level Meta-Analysis | Context Antidepressant medications represent the best established treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), but there is little evidence that they have a specific pharmacological effect relative to pill-placebo for patients with less severe depression. Objective To estimate the relative benefit of medication vs pl... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20051569"
} |
MED-1355 | Exercise for the treatment of depression and anxiety. | Depression and anxiety are the most common psychiatric conditions seen in the general medical setting, affecting millions of individuals in the United States. The treatments for depression and anxiety are multiple and have varying degrees of effectiveness. Physical activity has been shown to be associated with decrease... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21495519"
} |
MED-1356 | Association between physical activity and mental disorders among adults in the United States. | BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine the association between regular physical activity and mental disorders among adults in the United States. METHODS: Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to compare the prevalence of mental disorders among those who did and did not report regular physica... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12744913"
} |
MED-1357 | Effects of exercise training on older patients with major depression. | BACKGROUND: Previous observational and interventional studies have suggested that regular physical exercise may be associated with reduced symptoms of depression. However, the extent to which exercise training may reduce depressive symptoms in older patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) has not been systematica... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10547175"
} |
MED-1358 | The acute effects of exercise on mood state. | This paper documents the recent (1976-1995) literature on the acute mood effects associated with participation in single sessions of exercise. Issues regarding experimental design, "ecological validity' and the operational definition of mood are addressed. Results from these studies suggest that both clinical and noncl... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8778396"
} |
MED-1359 | Physical exercise intervention in depressive disorders: meta-analysis and systematic review. | Previous meta-analyses investigating the effect of exercise on depression have included trials where the control condition has been categorized as placebo despite the fact that this particular placebo intervention (e.g., meditation, relaxation) has been recognized as having an antidepressant effect. Because meditation ... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23362828"
} |
MED-1360 | Exercise and Pharmacotherapy in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder | Objective To assess whether patients receiving aerobic exercise training performed either at home or in a supervised group setting achieve reductions in depression comparable to standard antidepressant medication (sertraline) and greater reductions in depression compared to placebo controls. Methods Between October 200... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17846259"
} |
MED-1362 | Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. | The aim of this research study was to meta-analyze the effects of adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) on overall cancer risk, and different cancer types. Literature search was performed using the electronic databases MEDLINE, SCOPUS and EMBASE until January 10, 2014. Inclusion criteria were cohort or case-control stud... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24599882"
} |
MED-1363 | "Towards an even healthier Mediterranean diet". | Dietary guidelines to promote good health are usually based on foods, nutrients, and dietary patterns predictive of chronic disease risk in epidemiologic studies. However, sound nutritional recommendations for cardiovascular prevention should be based on the results of large randomized clinical trials with "hard" end-p... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24263037"
} |
MED-1365 | Changes in bread consumption and 4-year changes in adiposity in Spanish subjects at high cardiovascular risk. | The effects of bread consumption change over time on anthropometric measures have been scarcely studied. We analysed 2213 participants at high risk for CVD from the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial to assess the association between changes in the consumption of bread and weight and waist circumference... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23199451"
} |
MED-1366 | Mediterranean diet and public health: personal reflections. | My concern about diet as a public health problem began in the early 1950s in Naples, where we observed very low incidences of coronary heart disease associated with what we later came to call the "good Mediterranean diet." The heart of this diet is mainly vegetarian, and differs from American and northern European diet... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7754982"
} |
MED-1371 | Adherence to the mediterranean diet and risk of breast cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition cohort study. | Epidemiological evidence suggests that the Mediterranean diet (MD) could reduce the risk of breast cancer (BC). As evidence from the prospective studies remains scarce and conflicting, we investigated the association between adherence to the MD and risk of BC among 335,062 women recruited from 1992 to 2000, in ten Euro... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23180513"
} |
MED-1373 | The role of virgin olive oil components in the modulation of endothelial function. | The endothelium is involved in many of the processes related to the development of atherosclerosis, which is considered an inflammatory disease. Actually, traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis predispose to endothelial dysfunction, which is manifested as an increase in the expression of specific cytokines and ad... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16481154"
} |
MED-1374 | Definitions and potential health benefits of the Mediterranean diet: views from experts around the world | The Mediterranean diet has been linked to a number of health benefits, including reduced mortality risk and lower incidence of cardiovascular disease. Definitions of the Mediterranean diet vary across some settings, and scores are increasingly being employed to define Mediterranean diet adherence in epidemiological stu... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25055810"
} |
MED-1375 | A provegetarian food pattern and reduction in total mortality in the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) study. | BACKGROUND: Vegetarian diets have been associated with reduced mortality. Because a pure vegetarian diet might not easily be embraced by many individuals, consuming preferentially plant-derived foods would be a more easily understood message. A provegetarian food pattern (FP) emphasizing preference for plant-derived fo... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24871477"
} |
MED-1376 | Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Statistics of Oldest Old People (>80 Years) Living in Ikaria Island: The Ikaria Study | Background. There are places around the world where people live longer and they are active past the age of 100 years, sharing common behavioral characteristics; these places (i.e., Sardinia in Italy, Okinawa in Japan, Loma Linda in California and Nicoya Peninsula in Costa Rica) have been named the “Blue Zones”. Recentl... | {
"url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21403883"
} |
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