id stringlengths 24 24 | type stringclasses 4
values | body stringlengths 13 215 | ideal_answer listlengths 1 12 | exact_answer listlengths 0 44 | snippets listlengths 0 121 | documents listlengths 1 157 | triples listlengths 0 537 | concepts listlengths 0 99 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5891b125621ea6ff7e00000e | factoid | Which disease is treated with taliglucerase alfa? | [
"Taliglucerase alfa, the first available plant cell-expressed recombinant therapeutic protein, is an enzyme replacement therapy approved for Gaucher disease."
] | [
"Gaucher disease"
] | [
"Enzyme replacement therapy with taliglucerase alfa: 36-month safety and efficacy results in adult patients with Gaucher disease previously treated with imiglucerase.",
"Taliglucerase alfa is the first available plant cell-expressed human recombinant therapeutic protein. It is indicated for treatment of patients ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102949",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23980545",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27174694",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21235447",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24630271",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21900191",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=diseases_category"
] |
587f795d92a5b8ad44000007 | factoid | What is formin associated with in the snail? | [
"Formin is associated with Left-Right asymmetry in the pond snail and the frog.",
"Formin Is Associated with Left-Right Asymmetry in the Pond Snail and the Frog"
] | [
"Left-Right Asymmetry"
] | [
"Formin Is Associated with Left-Right Asymmetry in the Pond Snail and the Frog",
" Here, we report that a disabling mutation in one copy of a tandemly duplicated, diaphanous-related formin is perfectly associated with symmetry breaking in the pond snail. This is supported by the observation that an anti-formin dr... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26923788"
] | [] | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FMNL1_HUMAN",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4263720",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D052078",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012908"
] |
58a1c6b678275d0c4a000057 | summary | What is the major difference between eucaryotes and procaryotes? | [
"Eucaryotes have a nucleolus, Procaryotes do not. Eucrayotes have a nuclear membrane, organelles and differ in transcription and translation. Procaryotes have polycistronic RNA and the initiation of protein synthesis proceeds with an initiator tRNA which is found to be modified (formylated) in procaryotes and not i... | [] | [
"The nucleolus is the most prominent compartment in the nucleus and known as the site for ribosome biogenesis in eucaryotes. In contrast, there is no such equivalent structure for ribosome synthesis in procaryotes",
"Eucaryotic and procaryotic organisms differ in two aspects of their translation machinery: polyci... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16775624",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3271526",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7533711",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7786016",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/98518",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2345155",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/... | [] | [] |
58bc640002b8c60953000003 | summary | What is the HSP70-HSP110 disaggregase machinery? | [
"Clearance of misfolded and aggregated proteins is central to cell survival. UBQLN2 acts with the HSP70-HSP110 disaggregase machinery to clear protein aggregates via the 26S proteasome. UBQLN2 recognizes client-bound HSP70 and links it to the proteasome to allow for the degradation of aggregated and misfolded prote... | [] | [
"Clearance of misfolded and aggregated proteins is central to cell survival.",
"UBQLN2 acts with the HSP70-HSP110 disaggregase machinery to clear protein aggregates via the 26S proteasome. UBQLN2 recognizes client-bound HSP70 and links it to the proteasome to allow for the degradation of aggregated and misfolded ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27477512"
] | [] | [] |
58bbb8ae22d3005309000018 | yesno | Has whole exome sequencing been performed in Alzheimer patients? | [
"Yes, numerous whole exome sequencing studies of ALzheimer patients have been conducted."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Pilot whole-exome sequencing of a German early-onset Alzheimer's disease cohort reveals a substantial frequency of PSEN2 variants.",
"We performed whole-exome sequencing in early-onset Alzheimer disease (EOAD) and late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) families followed by functional studies of select variants.",
... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22153900",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23237904",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24958194",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27822510",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22472873",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26522186"
] | [] | [] |
587e1bfdfc7e8dd84f000002 | factoid | Which is the genome browser database for DNA shape annotations? | [
"GBshape provides minor groove width, propeller twist, roll, helix twist and hydroxyl radical cleavage predictions for the entire genomes of 94 organisms. Additional genomes can easily be added using the GBshape framework. GBshape can be used to visualize DNA shape annotations qualitatively in a genome browser trac... | [
"GBshape"
] | [
"GBshape: a genome browser database for DNA shape annotations",
"Our Genome Browser for DNA shape annotations (GBshape; freely available at http://rohslab.cmb.usc.edu/GBshape/) provides minor groove width, propeller twist, roll, helix twist and hydroxyl radical cleavage predictions for the entire genomes of 94 or... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25326329"
] | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019991",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016678"
] |
58bc58c302b8c60953000001 | yesno | Is Stat4 a transcription factor? | [
"Yes, Stat4 is a transcription factor.\nStat4 is a member of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family of molecules that localizes to the cytoplasm. STAT4 regulates various genes expression as a transcription factor after it is phosphorylated, dimerizes and translocates to the nucleus."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"transcription factors T-bet and STAT4",
"STAT4 is a member of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family of molecules that localizes to the cytoplasm. STAT4 regulates various genes expression as a transcription factor after it is phosphorylated, dimerizes and translocates to the nucleus. ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25178516",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25829541",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25798064",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25852285"
] | [] | [] |
589644c478275d0c4a00000d | yesno | Have the promoter regions of the genes implicated in Rett Syndrome been characterized with CAGE? | [
"Yes. Promoter regions of the genes implicated in Rett Syndrome have been characterized using CAGE."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"CAGE-defined promoter regions of the genes implicated in Rett Syndrome.",
"Mutations in three functionally diverse genes cause Rett Syndrome. Although the functions of Forkhead box G1 (FOXG1), Methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) and Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) have been studied individually, not much... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25539566"
] | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015518",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011401",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1206"
] |
58bbb68b22d3005309000015 | yesno | Has "RNA interference" been awarded Nobel prize? | [
"Since the first unequivocal description of RNA interference (RNAi) in 1998, it has remained one of the hottest topics under investigation, culminating in the award of a Nobel Prize to its discoverers in 2006."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Since the first unequivocal description of RNA interference (RNAi) in 1998, it has remained one of the hottest topics under investigation, culminating in the award of a Nobel Prize to its discoverers in 2006.",
"RNA interference (RNAi) is considered one of the most powerful genomic tools which allows the study o... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20717561",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24235106",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26648823",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25048083"
] | [] | [] |
5889e2c83b87a8a73800000a | yesno | Is there any role for Pds5b in cohesion establishment? | [
"Yes. Pds5 proteins are essential for cohesion establishment by allowing Smc3 acetylation by the cohesin acetyl transferases (CoATs) Esco1/2 and binding of Sororin."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Pds5B is required for cohesion establishment and Aurora B accumulation at centromeres.",
"Here, we demonstrate that Pds5 proteins are essential for cohesion establishment by allowing Smc3 acetylation by the cohesin acetyl transferases (CoATs) Esco1/2 and binding of Sororin. While both proteins contribute to telo... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24141881"
] | [] | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PD5AA_XENLA",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PD5BA_XENLA",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PDS5A_RAT",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0034085",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PDS5B_RAT",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0034087",
"http://www.un... |
58850e50e56acf5176000013 | list | Which factors are considered in the FUNC score for intracerebral hemorrhage? | [
"FUNC score includes Age, Glasgow Coma Scale, ICH location, volume and pre-ICH cognitive impairment."
] | [
"Age",
"Glasgow Coma Scale",
"ICH location",
"ICH volume",
"pre-ICH cognitive impairment"
] | [
"Age, Glasgow Coma Scale, ICH location, volume (all P<0.0001), and pre-ICH cognitive impairment (P=0.005) were independently associated with Glasgow Outcome Score>or = 4. The FUNC score was developed as a sum of individual points (0-11) based on strength of association with outcome. ",
"Age, Glasgow Coma Scale, I... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18556582"
] | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020299"
] |
58a9d8a1396a458e50000005 | factoid | Where is the respirasome located? | [
"Respirasomes are macromolecular assemblies of the respiratory chain complexes I, III and IV in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The 4.0 Å cryo-EM structure of one of the most intricate enzyme systems, the respirasome, in the mitochondrial inner membrane is now available."
] | [
"In the inner mitochondrial membrane"
] | [
"he 4.0 Å cryo-EM structure of one of the most intricate enzyme systems, the respirasome, in the mitochondrial inner membrane",
"Respirasomes are macromolecular assemblies of the respiratory chain complexes I, III and IV in the inner mitochondrial membrane."
] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27830641",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27912054"
] | [] | [] |
5895ee638707e6ea39000001 | summary | Describe the usefulness of MiRduplexSVM. | [
"MiRduplexSVM is a high-performing miRNA-duplex prediction and evaluation methodology. It's a method that combines a unique problem representation and an unbiased optimization protocol to learn from mirBase19.0 an accurate predictive model. It is the first model that provides precise information about all four ends... | [] | [
"MiRduplexSVM: A High-Performing MiRNA-Duplex Prediction and Evaluation Methodology.",
"Our method combines a unique problem representation and an unbiased optimization protocol to learn from mirBase19.0 an accurate predictive model, termed MiRduplexSVM. This is the first model that provides precise information a... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25961860"
] | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D035683"
] |
589dee3778275d0c4a000050 | list | What genes are drug targets for Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP)? | [
" Recently, FOP has been associated with a specific mutation of ACVR1, the gene coding for a bone morphogenetic protein type I receptor. ",
"here, it is noted that if b cells are found to be the lymphocytes responsible for excess bmp-4 production in fop, use of rituximab, a monoclonal anti-cd20 antibody which eff... | [
"ALK2",
"BMP"
] | [
" Recently, FOP has been associated with a specific mutation of ACVR1, the gene coding for a bone morphogenetic protein type I receptor. ",
"Small molecule inhibitors of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor kinase ALK2 (ACVR1) are needed urgently to treat the progressively debilitating musculoskeletal di... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15940369",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22011642",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25136070",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17967130",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23646137",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26695699",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:13374",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D055415",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D052005"
] |
58bbbf3722d300530900001b | summary | What kind of analyses are performed with the software tool "unipept" | [
"The Unipept web application (http://unipept.ugent.be) supports biodiversity analysis of large and complex metaproteome samples using tryptic peptide information obtained from shotgun MS/MS experiments. The application designed for metaproteomics analysis with a focus on interactive datavisualization."
] | [] | [
"Unipept is an open source web application that is designed for metaproteomics analysis with a focus on interactive datavisualization. ",
"The Unique Peptide Finder (http://unipept.ugent.be/peptidefinder) is an interactive web application to quickly hunt for tryptic peptides that are unique to a particular specie... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26819472",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26058579",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27380722",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23153116",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25477242"
] | [] | [] |
58a2c77a60087bc10a000002 | factoid | What is the role of gamma-secreatase complex in Alzheimer's Disease? | [
"The gamma-secretase complex has a decisive role in the development of Alzheimer's disease, as it cleaves a precursor protein to create the amyloid beta peptide whose aggregates form the senile plaques encountered in the brains of patients. Gamma-secretase is a member of the intramembrane-cleaving proteases which p... | [
"cleaves a precursor protein to create the amyloid beta peptide"
] | [
"gamma-Secretase is critically involved in the Notch pathway and in Alzheimer's disease. ",
"Presenilins are the catalytic subunit of the large gamma-secretase complex, that promotes intramembranous proteolysis of the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP), resulting in the production of beta-amyloid (A beta). Muta... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18320103",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26559975",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24900409",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17298085",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15766275",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19299585",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000544",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:10652",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012380",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Fin... |
58b52c8822d3005309000001 | list | Which syndromes are associated with heterochromia iridum? | [
"The syndromes that are associated with heterochromia iridum are:\n1) Ascher's syndrome\n2) Waardenburg Syndrome type II (WS2)\n3) Horner's syndrome."
] | [
"Ascher's syndrome",
"Waardenburg Syndrome type II",
"WS2",
"WS Type II",
"Horner's syndrome"
] | [
"To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Ascher's syndrome associated with iris coloboma, heterochromia iridum, and narrowing of horizontal palpebral fissure and decreased outer intercanthal distance secondary to lengthening of lateral canthal ligament.",
" Sensorineural hearing loss (17/20, 85.0%) a... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25971175",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22174915",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24194866",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6823113",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23840513",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21339912",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013577"
] |
5890e163621ea6ff7e000004 | factoid | What is the target of tanezumab? | [
"Tanezumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against nerve growth factor."
] | [
"nerve growth factor",
"NGF"
] | [
"Nerve growth factor inhibition with tanezumab influences weight-bearing and subsequent cartilage damage in the rat medial meniscal tear model.",
"OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) inhibition with tanezumab on rats with medial meniscal tear (MMT) effectively model rapidly ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22004765",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18505735",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24452657",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27936977",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25326242",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21130822",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
58a6d89660087bc10a00002b | yesno | Could plasmepsins be used as targets for developing anti-malaria drugs? | [
"Yes, plasmepsins, which are essential Plasmodium proteases, could be highly promising anti-malarial drug targets."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Fighting malaria: structure-guided discovery of nonpeptidomimetic plasmepsin inhibitors.",
"Given that the parasite needs the resulting amino acid building blocks for its growth and development, plasmepsins are an important antimalarial drug target. ",
"Due to early crystallographic evidence, plasmepsin II (Pl... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12767832",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25827401",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21334328",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26214367",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18442137",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17727268",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000962",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015195",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016780",
"http://www.disease-ontology.or... |
58a32efe60087bc10a000013 | factoid | What is MRSA? | [
"community-associated methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa) has become a severe health concern because of its treatment difficulties.",
"Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a severe health concern because of its treatment difficulties.",
"(MRSA, methicillin-resistant S.... | [
"methicillin-resistant S. aureus",
"MRSA"
] | [
"(MRSA, methicillin-resistant S. aureus)",
"Community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has become a severe health concern because of its treatment difficulties.",
"We investigated the distribution of MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) on and around six patients wi... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18347206",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8851953",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26684366",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22291965",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472807",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24267132",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [] |
58a8071760087bc10a000037 | list | List peptide fragmentations methods in mass spectrometry | [
"CID, HCD, ECD, ETD and PSD are different peptide fragmentation technologies used in mass spectrometry."
] | [
"CID",
"collision-induced dissociation",
"HCD",
"Higher-energy collisional dissociation",
"ECD",
"electron capture dissociation",
"ETD",
"electron transfer dissociation",
"PSD",
"post-source decay"
] | [
" using the CID and HCD fragmentation techniques",
"By integrating HCD-MS/MS, CID-MS/MS",
"ECD and ETD induced different fragmentation processes",
"MALDI post-source decay (PSD), MALDI 157 nm photodissociation, tris(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)phosphonium bromide (TMPP) charge tagging in PSD and photodissociation,... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26780731",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27613306",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27914015",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27139140",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27098412",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27520322"
] | [] | [] |
5895d0457d9090f35300000d | yesno | Is avanafil indicated for treatment of erectile dysfunction? | [
"Yes, avanafil is indicated for treatment of erectile dysfunction."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"CONTEXT: Avanafil (AVA) is used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction, but is reported for its poor aqueous solubility. ",
"BACKGROUND: Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil and the recently approved avanafil represent the first-line choice for both on-demand and chronic t... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23321580",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27121186",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25591992",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25684196",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22704456",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22248153",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4243720",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013812",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007172"
] |
58bbb64422d3005309000014 | summary | What is "Epitranscriptome analysis"? | [
"Modified nucleotides in messenger RNA (mRNA) have been discovered over 40 years ago, but until recently little was known about which transcripts contain them and what their function is. High-throughput sequencing approaches revealed a dynamic landscape of the 'Epitranscriptome' for many mRNA modifications in vario... | [] | [
"The simultaneous detection of all the post-transcriptional modifications (PTMs) that decorate cellular RNA can provide comprehensive information on the effects of changing environmental conditions on the entire epitranscriptome. ",
"The advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies coupled with new detection... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27808276",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26501195",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26176336",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27911721",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27172004",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26733207",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
5880b812c872c95565000006 | factoid | Which infection can be prevented with Dapivirine? | [
"Vaginal ring containing Dapivirine is used for HIV prevention in women."
] | [
"HIV"
] | [
"OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to comprehensively assess mRNA expression of 84 drug transporters in human colorectal biopsies and six representative cell lines, and to investigate the alteration of drug transporter gene expression after exposure to three candidate microbicidal antiretroviral (ARV) d... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25845860",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26061040",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26900902",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24693866",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27398859",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20854207",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#:4243195",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4243195",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007239",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D01705... |
589af57a78275d0c4a000038 | summary | What is Bexsero? | [
"Bexsero is a 4-component vaccine against capsular Meningococcus serogroup B (4CMenB), which has recently been licensed in Europe, Canada and Australia.",
"Bexsero is amulticomponent vaccine against serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis (MenB)."
] | [] | [
"A capsular group B meningococcal vaccine - 4CMenB (Bexsero) - has recently been licensed in the European Union, Canada and Australia.",
"The 4-component meningococcal serogroup B vaccine 4CMenB (Bexsero) is the first vaccine against this serogroup and has been approved by licensing authorities in Europe, Canada ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26853725",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25043395",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26603630",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27109566",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27808594",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27923519",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008585",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008589",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D065288",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/me... |
5898500478275d0c4a000017 | yesno | Is there a role for gamma knife in treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder? | [
"Yes. Gamma knife radiosurgery is being increasingly to treat refractory obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD). It is reserved for severe, treatment-refractory disease that has not responded to multiple treatments."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"OBJECTIVE Functional Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) procedures have been increasingly used for treating patients with tremor, trigeminal neuralgia (TN), and refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder.",
"METHODS The authors constructed a linear-quadratic model of BED in functional GKRS with a dose-protraction fac... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7841817",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8517190",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18188146",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25165567",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21150752",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24093580",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [] | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:10933",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009771"
] |
58a22eb460087bc10a000001 | summary | What is the mechanism of action of the biguanide class of diabetes drugs? | [
"this biguanide is an oral insulin-sensitizing agent capable of increasing insulin sensitivity and decreasing plasma fasting insulin levels.",
"Bioguaides like Metformin, decrease amount of glucose released from liver and increases insulin sensitivity. "
] | [] | [
"Metformin sensitizes the insulin action",
"This biguanide is an oral insulin-sensitizing agent capable of increasing insulin sensitivity and decreasing plasma fasting insulin levels. ",
"Metformin is an oral anti-diabetic drug of the biguanide class that is commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus.",
... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23292513",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27939359",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8914439",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25793062",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21147283",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26166607"
] | [] | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#:4275167",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:9351",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001645",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term... |
58b558d522d3005309000006 | summary | Where is the proteasome located? | [
"The proteasome can be found in perinuclear and nuclear location, as well as in cytosolic compartments, such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Proteasome-mediated degradation of cell cycle regulatory proteins, production and loading of antigenic peptides onto HLA molecules, and transient homing of diverse ... | [] | [
"Cellular regulation by UPS- mediated protein degradation is a highly specific and selective process that depends on time (e.g. cell cycle) and location (nucleus, mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum). ",
"In eukaryotic cells, regulated protein degradation of intracellular proteins is mediated largely by the ubi... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9799224",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26743630",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17428875",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9321388",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16371511",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15791592",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0000502",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0031144"
] |
5895e2567d9090f353000011 | summary | What is clinical presentation of the Gardner-Diamond syndrome? | [
"Psychogenic purpura, also known as Gardner-Diamond syndrome, is a rare, distinctive, localized cutaneous reaction pattern mostly affecting psychologically disturbed adult women. Repeated crops of tender, ill-defined ecchymotic lesions on the extremities and external bleeding from other sites characterize the condi... | [] | [
"Antidepressants were prescribed by the psychiatrist that not only cured the depression with time but also the bleeding episodes which were actually related to child's depression (Gardner-Diamond syndrome or psychogenic purpura). ",
"Psychogenic Purpura (Gardner-Diamond Syndrome).",
"Psychogenic purpura, also k... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26078671",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15956886",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18417404",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2345102",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12838436",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27011410",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [] |
58917c88621ea6ff7e00000a | factoid | Where can you find the annulus of Zinn? | [
"Annulus of Zinn is in the orbit."
] | [
"orbit",
"EYE"
] | [
"Should the annular tendon of the eye be named 'annulus of Zinn' or 'of Valsalva'?",
"The annular tendon is commonly named 'annulus of Zinn', from the German anatomist and botanist Johann Gottfried Zinn (1727-1759) who described this structure in his Descriptio anatomica oculi humani (Anatomical Description of th... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24697862",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25650797",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9783284",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22336122",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21772799",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16917665",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [] |
58bbc0fc22d300530900001c | factoid | What is the indication for SLCO1B1 genotyping? | [
"HMG Co-A reductase inhibitors, commonly known as statins, also display wide interindividual variability in plasma concentration, response and toxicity due in part to polymorphisms in transporter genes, including SLCO1B1 and ABCG2. The SLCO1B1*5 variant is a risk factor for statin side effects and exhibits statin-... | [
"Statin treatment"
] | [
"including the well-known genetic variant associated with statin-associated muscle symptoms-solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1B1 (SLCO1B1) rs4149056-also increase the risk of statin-associated muscle symptoms in FH patients",
"Statin-associated muscle symptoms and SLCO1B1 rs4149056 genotype... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26131212",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27595674",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25181036",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25150868",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25563221"
] | [] | [] |
588f220e3b87a8a73800000d | list | List available circular RNA prediction tools. | [
"circRNA_finder, find_circ, CIRCexplorer, CIRI, and MapSplice."
] | [
"circRNA_finder",
"find_circ",
"CIRCexplorer",
"CIRI",
"MapSplice"
] | [
"CircRNAs are novel members of the non-coding RNA family. For several decades circRNAs have been known to exist, however only recently the widespread abundance has become appreciated. Annotation of circRNAs depends on sequencing reads spanning the backsplice junction and therefore map as non-linear reads in the gen... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26657634"
] | [] | [] |
589185cc621ea6ff7e00000b | factoid | Which disease is treated with Nusinersen? | [
"Nusinersen us used for treatment of Spinal Muscular Atrophy."
] | [
"Spinal Muscular Atrophy",
"SMA"
] | [
"Intrathecal Injections in Children With Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Nusinersen Clinical Trial Experience.",
"Nusinersen (ISIS-SMNRx or ISIS 396443) is an antisense oligonucleotide drug administered intrathecally to treat spinal muscular atrophy. We summarize lumbar puncture experience in children with spinal muscul... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26823478",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27939059",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26865511"
] | [] | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004194",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=diseases_category"
] |
58b6978822d300530900000a | factoid | Which disease the London mutation involved in? | [
"London mutation that is the missense mutation in exon 17 of the amyloid precursor protein gene on chromosome 21 (Val717Ile) is involved in Alzheimer's Disease."
] | [
"Alzheimer's Disease",
"AD"
] | [
"In the present study, we used a new training paradigm in the intelliCage automatic behavioral assessment system to investigate cognitive functions of the transgenic mice harboring London mutation of the human amyloid precursor protein (APP.V717I). ",
"The novel approach to study the transgenic mice cognitive abi... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17431643",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10525535",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16426772",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20523046",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15380017",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24145776",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017354",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=diseases_category",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exa... |
58bc696b02b8c60953000005 | summary | Define lncRNA. | [
"Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a newly discovered class of regulatory molecules that impact a variety of biological processes in cells and organ systems. In humans, it is estimated that there may be more than twice as many lncRNA genes than protein-coding genes. However, only a handful of lncRNAs have bee... | [] | [
"Protein-coding genes account for only 2% of the human genome, whereas the vast majority of transcripts are noncoding RNAs including long noncoding RNAs. LncRNAs are involved in the regulation of a diverse array of biological processes, including cancer progression",
"Recently, aberrant expression of long noncodi... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26207516",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26166759",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25994219",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26004516",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26142536",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27729273"
] | [] | [] |
58bc347422d300530900001e | factoid | How many microorganisms are present in human normal gut? | [
"Human gut microbiota is home to 10 to 100 trillions microorganisms."
] | [
"10 to 100 trillions microorganisms."
] | [
". A major breakthrough in understanding the etiology of neurological disorders is the recent insight on the role of the gut microbiota (GM). Human GM also referred to as the \"forgotten organ\" is home to 10(13-14) microorganisms",
"The gut microbiome comprises the collective genome of the trillions of microorga... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26613639",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26627987",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26908163",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26945826"
] | [] | [] |
5887fe7d3b87a8a738000008 | factoid | What is the role of 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid derivatives in the immune system? | [
"3,4-diaminobenzoic acid derivatives are inhibitors of the oxytocinase subfamily of M1 aminopeptidases with immune-regulating properties. Cell-based analysis indicated that the lead compounds can be effective in downregulating macrophage activation induced by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ as well as cross-pre... | [
"Inhibition of the oxytocinase subfamily of M1 aminopeptidases with immune-regulating properties."
] | [
"3,4-diaminobenzoic acid derivatives as inhibitors of the oxytocinase subfamily of M1 aminopeptidases with immune-regulating properties.",
"Members of the oxytocinase subfamily of M1 aminopeptidases (ERAP1, ERAP2, and IRAP) play important roles in both the adaptive and innate human immune responses. Their enzymat... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635706"
] | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007154",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#:4258378",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007107",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#425837... |
58a5924060087bc10a000020 | yesno | Can NADPH oxidase be inhibited by apocynin and diphenylene iodonium? | [
"Yes, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase can be inhibited by apocynin or diphenylene iodonium (DPI)."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Ang II treatment also led to a significant increment in intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, which could be fully abolished by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitors apocynin or diphenylene iodonium, indicating that Ang II enhanced oxidative stress via a NADPH oxidase-d... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22503982",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21693104",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962358",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17046555",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19819434",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1324836",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016174",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#:4251947",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019255",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4270191",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/joc... |
588f9f83ed9bbee70d000004 | factoid | Viliuisk encephalomyelitis is diagnosed in which geographical area? | [
"Viliuisk encephalomyelitis (VE) is an endemic neurological disease in Northeast Siberia and generally considered to be a chronic encephalomyelitis of unknown origin actually spreading in the Sakha (Yakutian) Republic."
] | [
"Northeast Siberia"
] | [
"BACKGROUND: Viliuisk encephalomyelitis (VE) is an endemic neurological disease in Northeast Siberia and generally considered to be a chronic encephalomyelitis of unknown origin actually spreading in the Sakha (Yakutian) Republic.",
"Communicating hydrocephalus following eosinophilic meningitis is pathogenic for ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7848104",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20010208",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19618339",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1393513",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15182325",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18379734",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [] | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:640",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004679"
] |
58a327bf60087bc10a000011 | summary | What are Septins? | [
"Septins are an evolutionarily conserved family of GTP-binding proteins. They are involved in diverse processes including cytokinesis, apoptosis, infection, neurodegeneration and neoplasia. In yeast, septins assemble into a highly ordered array of filaments at the mother bud neck in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. ... | [] | [
"discover that septins, a component of the cytoskeleton, recognize membrane curvature at the micron scale, a common morphological hallmark of eukaryotic cellular processes.",
"Septins are an evolutionarily conserved family of GTP-binding proteins. They are involved in diverse processes including cytokinesis, apop... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8636235",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18586950",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11238387",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22815479",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18541672",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23204191",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D058112"
] |
58a644e560087bc10a000027 | factoid | What is the drug target for Simtuzumab? | [
" These results suggest that LOXL2 could be an appealing target for treatment of scar formation after glaucoma surgery, and point to the potential therapeutic benefits of simtuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody derived from GS-607601.",
" these results suggest that loxl2 could be an appealing target for treat... | [
"LOXL2"
] | [
" These results suggest that LOXL2 could be an appealing target for treatment of scar formation after glaucoma surgery, and point to the potential therapeutic benefits of simtuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody derived from GS-607601.",
"These results suggest that LOXL2 could be an appealing target for treatm... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23821193",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27939076",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26085906",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27232579"
] | [] | [] |
58bca08702b8c6095300000a | factoid | What is Dravet syndrome? | [
"Dravet syndrome is one of the most severe epilepsy syndromes of early childhood, and it comes with very high morbidity and mortality. It is likely that Dravet syndrome is underdiagnosed in adults with treatment-resistant epilepsy.",
"dravet syndrome is one of the most severe epilepsy syndromes of early childhood... | [
"A severe epilepsy of chidhood"
] | [
"Dravet syndrome is one of the most severe epilepsy syndromes of early childhood, and it comes with very high morbidity and mortality. The typical presentation is characterized by hemiclonic or generalized clonic seizures triggered by fever during the first year of life, followed by myoclonic, absence, focal and ge... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19203856",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26995069",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19589774",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20184819",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21504428",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25778844",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004831",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0060171"
] |
58bc9dbb02b8c60953000009 | summary | What makes telomerase a good drug target? | [
"Human telomerase is absent in most normal tissues, but is abnormally activated in all major cancer cells. Telomerase enables tumor cells to maintain telomere length, allowing indefinite replicative capacity.",
"Telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein enzyme is considered as a universal therapeutic target of cancer becau... | [] | [
"Human telomerase is absent in most normal tissues, but is abnormally activated in all major cancer cells. Telomerase enables tumor cells to maintain telomere length, allowing indefinite replicative capacity.",
"telomerase is believed to be necessary for cancer cells to grow without limit",
" Telomerase, a ribo... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12678727",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23558965",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25550449",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24053596",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21208462",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18763067",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019098",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4221288"
] |
587f90fa8ce3255b64000002 | summary | What is DENdb? | [
"DENdb is a centralized on-line repository of predicted enhancers derived from multiple human cell-lines. DENdb integrates enhancers predicted by five different methods generating an enriched catalogue of putative enhancers for each of the analysed cell-lines. DENdb provides information about the overlap of enhance... | [] | [
"DENdb: database of integrated human enhancers",
"We developed DENdb, a centralized on-line repository of predicted enhancers derived from multiple human cell-lines. DENdb integrates enhancers predicted by five different methods generating an enriched catalogue of putative enhancers for each of the analysed cell-... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26342387"
] | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D030561"
] |
589a245878275d0c4a000025 | list | List scales that are used for scoring of patients with spinal metastasis? | [
"Tokuhashi, Tomita, Bauer, and Oswestry scores are used for survival prediction of patients with spinal metastases."
] | [
"Tokuhashi",
"Tomita",
"Bauer",
"Oswestry"
] | [
"METHODS: Outcomes of surgery, prognostic factors for survival, and relevance of Tomita and Tokuhashi scores were investigated.",
"PURPOSE: To assess variability in the use of Tomita and modified Bauer scores in spine metastases.",
"Only the Tomita scoring system was shown to be an independent prognostic factor... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24212518",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23179121",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24120144",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26713145",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26160329",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24912121",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009362"
] |
58a5add260087bc10a000022 | yesno | Does NADPH oxidase 5 require any subunit for function? | [
"No, NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) does not require any subunits for function."
] | [
"no"
] | [
"Nox5 forms a functional oligomer mediated by self-association of its dehydrogenase domain.",
" While Nox1-4 require regulatory subunits, including p22phox, Nox5 activity does not depend on any subunits. ",
" Thus, Nox5 forms a catalytically active oligomer in the membrane that is mediated by its dehydrogenase ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21319793",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15994299"
] | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016175",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NOXO1_HUMAN",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019255",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016174",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4270191",
"http://www... |
589c4c9078275d0c4a000040 | list | What are the side effects during statins administration in patients with atherosclerosis? | [
"The side effects during statins administration in patients with atherosclerosis are:\n1) Myopathy\n2) Transaminase elevations\n3) Diabetes mellitus \n4) Renal and neurologic adverse effects."
] | [
"Myopathy",
"Transaminase elevations",
"Diabetes mellitus",
"Renal adverse effects",
"Neurologic adverse effects"
] | [
"A history of side effects was reported by 40 (19.5%) of the patients, and mainly consisted of muscle complaints and gastrointestinal symptoms. ",
"Treatment Options for Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms.",
"Muscle symptoms are a clinically relevant side effect of statin treatment.",
"At least 5% of patients ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25678839",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24840269",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21796961",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21267417",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12891851",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27878791",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
58962ed178275d0c4a000006 | list | Entresto is composed of which two drugs? | [
"Entresto is composed of sacubitril and valsartan. It is newly FDA-approved medication that dually inhibits angiotensin and neprilysin, in the treatment of heart failure."
] | [
"sacubitril",
"valsartan"
] | [
"The PARADIGM-HF study, a large outcome trial in heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), has recently shown improved cardiovascular outcomes with sacubitril/valsartan (Entresto®, Novartis), still commonly referred to as LCZ696, compared to ACE-inhibitor therapy, possibly leading us to a new era for hea... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27697814",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26642078",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26976916",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27284124",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26417173",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26992459",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
588f365194c1512c50000003 | summary | What is the doRiNA database? | [
"doRina is a database of RNA interactions in post-transcriptional regulation."
] | [] | [
"doRiNA: a database of RNA interactions in post-transcriptional regulation.",
" We provide a database that supports the quest for deciphering this regulatory code. Within doRiNA, we are systematically curating, storing and integrating binding site data for RBPs and miRNAs. Users are free to take a target (mRNA) o... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25416797",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22086949"
] | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D030561",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012323"
] |
589c334e78275d0c4a00003d | yesno | Is NSD-1015 an inhibitor of Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase? | [
"Yes, NSD-1015 is an ihnibitor of Aromatic L-Amino Decarboxylase."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"When pretreated with a central AADC inhibitor (NSD-1015), further application of l-dopa failed to increase the motoneuron activity although the expression of DA in the AADC cells was not completely inhibited. ",
"Inhibition of Ddc by AADC inhibitor NSD-1015 or anti-sense morpholino oligonucleotides (MO) reduced ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7664818",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20501080",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2320657",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/323424",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6164221",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8371833",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov... | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0004058",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#:4251263",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D065105",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4251263",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mes... |
58bbb77e22d3005309000017 | yesno | Is pseudouridine a RNA modification? | [
"Yes, pseudouridine (Ψ) is the most abundant of>150 nucleoside modifications in RNA."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Pseudouridine (Ψ) is the most abundant of>150 nucleoside modifications in RNA. ",
"The number and position of the pseudouridines of Haloarcula marismortui and Deinococcus radiodurans large subunit RNA have been determined by a combination of total nucleoside analysis by HPLC-mass spectrometry and pseudouridine s... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25616362",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20106954",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15659360"
] | [] | [] |
58c99fcc02b8c60953000029 | factoid | What does the human ABCC gene product do? | [
"The important drug resistance-conferring members belong to three subfamilies of the human ABC family; these are ABCB1 (MDR1/P-glycoprotein of subfamily ABCB), subfamily ABCC (MRPs), and ABCG2 (BCRP of subfamily ABCG), which are expressed in various organs. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters constitute a l... | [
"ATP dependent small molecule transporter"
] | [
"structure, function, and expression of the important drug resistance-conferring members belonging to three subfamilies of the human ABC family; these are ABCB1 (MDR1/P-glycoprotein of subfamily ABCB), subfamily ABCC (MRPs), and ABCG2 (BCRP of subfamily ABCG), which are expressed in various organs. ",
"Transport ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16006996",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21799180",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16815813",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15631998",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19118502",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16357150",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
58bebc4c02b8c60953000015 | summary | What is the connection between furin and hepcidin? | [
"The iron-regulatory peptide hepcidin is synthesized in the liver as an 84-aa pre-pro-hormone maturated by proteolysis through a consensus furin cleavage site to generate the bioactive 25-aa peptide secreted in the circulation. The hepatic prohormone convertase furin mediates the posttranslational processing of hep... | [] | [
"Hepcidin is mainly produced by the liver as a propeptide and processed by furin into the mature active peptide. ",
"Implication of the proprotein convertases in iron homeostasis: proprotein convertase 7 sheds human transferrin receptor 1 and furin activates hepcidin.",
"Analysis of primary hepatocytes from mic... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19070914",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23390091",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20634490",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24808863",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18664504",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17905609",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D045683",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HEPC_RAT",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HEPC_PONAB",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HEPC_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FURIN_BOVIN",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/... |
58ca746d02b8c6095300002d | summary | Which cells express CIDEC protein in humans? | [
"The cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor alpha-like effector c (CIDEC) is a lipid droplet-associated protein that promotes intracellular triglyceride (TAG) storage. CIDEC is highly expressed in adipocytes, but undetectable in normal liver. However, its hepatic expression rises during fasting or under genet... | [] | [
"The expression levels of related adipocyte markers (PPARγ, C/EBPα), mature white adipose tissue specific markers (Cidec, RIP140) increased at the presence of NPY (10(-7), 10(-9), 10(-11) mol/L).",
"The cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor alpha-like effector c (CIDEC; also known in rodents as FSP27 or fa... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20945533",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21636835",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25255829",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18845124",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26927378",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24065549",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
58ce363b02b8c60953000046 | factoid | Which is the relation between coffee consumption and stroke risk? | [
"The coffee paradox in stroke: Increased consumption linked with fewer strokes."
] | [
"The coffee paradox in stroke: Increased consumption linked with fewer strokes."
] | [
"The majority of prospective studies have reported a weak inverse association between moderate consumption of coffee and risk of stroke. However, there are yet no clear biological mechanisms whereby coffee might provide cardiovascular health benefits. Awaiting the results from further long-term RCTs and prospective... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24326448"
] | [] | [] |
58861f8b3b87a8a738000003 | summary | What is the purpose of the Orpington Prognostic Scale? | [
"The Orpington Prognostic Scale (OPS) is used to predict futue functional status of stroke patients, to asses stroke severity, outcome and response to subacute rehabilitation. In patients with stroke, OPS and NIHSS had significant contribution to the estimation of the functional status and OPS was more effective th... | [] | [
"Stroke severity was determined using the Orpington Prognostic Scale.",
"Predicting response to rehabilitation in elderly patients with stroke using the Orpington Prognostic Scale and selected clinical variables.",
" The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of the Orpington Prognostic Scale (OPS) ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17903924",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16914069",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11300243",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15595254",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16418057",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16634344",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
58c276bc02b8c60953000020 | yesno | Do IEG create a ripple effect of transcription? | [
"Rapid induction of immediate-early genes (IEGs) in response to growth factor stimulations is accompanied by co-upregulation of their neighbouring genes. Profiling the primary transcripts in the nucleus with whole-genome tiling arrays delineated simultaneous activation of transcription centred on IEGs.",
"rapid i... | [
"yes"
] | [
"Rapid induction of immediate-early genes (IEGs) in response to growth factor stimulations is accompanied by co-upregulation of their neighbouring genes.",
"Even in surrounding intergenic regions, transcriptional activation took place at the same time. ",
"Here we show that intensive transcription at one locus ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19160492"
] | [] | [] |
588f8e9794c1512c50000005 | factoid | Which R package is used for the analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation profiles? | [
"MethylKit is a comprehensive R package for the analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation profiles. MethylKit includes functions for clustering, sample quality visualization, differential methylation analysis and annotation features, thus automating and simplifying many of the steps for discerning statistically signi... | [
"methylKit"
] | [
"methylKit: a comprehensive R package for the analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation profiles.",
" Here, we describe an R package, methylKit, that rapidly analyzes genome-wide cytosine epigenetic profiles from high-throughput methylation and hydroxymethylation sequencing experiments. methylKit includes functions... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23034086"
] | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1905643",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1905642",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019175",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008745",
"http://amig... |
58c0825502b8c6095300001b | yesno | Do T-Cells regulate neuropathic pain? | [
"Macrophage-T cell interactions can mediate neuropathic pain through the glucocorticoid-induced TNF"
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"here is evidence for a considerable impact of the immune system also in neuropathic pain. However, the role of the adaptive immune system is still unclear.",
" Our investigation revealed a clear shift of T-cell subsets towards anti-inflammation in patients with neuropathic pain. ",
" GITRL expressed on macroph... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27646435",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22789131",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25787078",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24553941",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25608762",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23747724",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013601",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D050378",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D010146"
] |
58cc5bae02b8c60953000037 | factoid | What is the incidence of new cases of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) in Australian and New Zealand in the late 1990's? | [
"cases of ALD diagnosed in Australia and New Zealand between 1981 and 1996 and their families. We estimate that the combined incidence of ALD and its variants in Australasia is at least 1.6 per 100,000. ",
"cases of ALD diagnosed in Australia and New Zealand between 1981 and 1996 and their families. We estimate t... | [
"1.6 per 100,000 people"
] | [
"cases of ALD diagnosed in Australia and New Zealand between 1981 and 1996 and their families. We estimate that the combined incidence of ALD and its variants in Australasia is at least 1.6 per 100,000. "
] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9556302"
] | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000326",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009520",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:10588"
] |
58cd675c02b8c6095300003b | yesno | Can telomere length shortening be reversed by telomerase? | [
"Yes, telomerase gene therapy rescues telomere length, bone marrow aplasia, and survival in mice with aplastic anemia."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Telomere length is regulated around an equilibrium set point. Telomeres shorten during replication and are lengthened by telomerase. Disruption of the length equilibrium leads to disease; thus, it is important to understand the mechanisms that regulate length at the molecular level. ",
"High telomerase activity ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27401551",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27154402",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26903545",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27483324",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27029895"
] | [] | [] |
58ce5a1602b8c60953000049 | yesno | Is ABCE1 involved in ribosomal recycling? | [
"Yes, recent studies have identified ABCE1 as a ribosome-recycling factor important for translation termination in mammalian cells, yeast and also archaea"
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Ribosome recycling orchestrated by the ATP binding cassette (ABC) protein ABCE1 can be considered as the final-or the first-step within the cyclic process of protein synthesis, connecting translation termination and mRNA surveillance with re-initiation.",
" Recent studies have identified ABCE1 as a ribosome-recy... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27824037",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26276635",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25001285",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25659154",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25128630"
] | [] | [] |
588f952994c1512c50000007 | list | What are clinical features of the de Morsier syndrome? | [
"Classic triad of the De Morsier syndrome (septooptic dysplasia) includes optic nerve hypoplasia, the absence of septum pellucidum, and pituitary hypoplasia."
] | [
"optic nerve hypoplasia",
"absence of septum pellucidum",
"pituitary hypoplasia"
] | [
" SOD was formerly known as de Morsier syndrome, which associated a midline brain defect such as an absent septum pellucidum with optic nerve hypoplasia.",
"The triad consists of optic nerve hypoplasia, pituitary hormone abnormalities, and midline brain defects, although it can vary in the severity of clinical pr... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23233151",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10951302",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26842535",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27136085",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3625236",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12373677",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013577",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:225"
] |
58cbb55402b8c60953000033 | yesno | Does oculocutaneous albinism show an autosomal recessive inheritance? | [
"Yes, oculocutaneous albinism shows an autosomal recessive inheritance."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypopigmentation in eyes, hair and skin, accompanied with vision loss. ",
"Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is an autosomal recessive hereditary pigmentation disorder affecting humans and several other animal species. ",
"Oculocutan... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22088535",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14599068",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8190479",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019752",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17768386",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12829739",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0050632",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016115",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0050737",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000417"
] |
58d0dc878acda34529000004 | factoid | Which is the largest metabolic gene cluster in yeast? | [
"The DAL cluster is the largest metabolic gene cluster in yeast and consists of six adjacent genes encoding proteins that enable Saccharomyces cerevisiae to use allantoin as a nitrogen source.",
"the dal cluster is the largest metabolic gene cluster in yeast and consists of six adjacent genes encoding proteins th... | [
"The DAL cluster"
] | [
"The DAL cluster is the largest metabolic gene cluster in yeast and consists of six adjacent genes encoding proteins that enable Saccharomyces cerevisiae to use allantoin as a nitrogen source.",
"The DAL cluster is the largest metabolic gene cluster in yeast and consists of six adjacent genes encoding proteins th... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15951822",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22916115"
] | [] | [] |
5895f75aad49cff847000001 | summary | What is the applicability of the MCAST algorithm? | [
"The MCAST algorithm uses a hidden Markov model with a P-value-based scoring scheme to identify candidate CRMs."
] | [] | [
"MCAST: scanning for cis-regulatory motif clusters.",
" The MCAST algorithm uses a hidden Markov model with a P-value-based scoring scheme to identify candidate CRMs. Here, we introduce a new version of MCAST that offers improved graphical output, a dynamic background model, statistical confidence estimates based... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16253142",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14534166",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26704599"
] | [] | [] |
58b6cd3222d300530900000d | factoid | Which ApoE isoform is associated with atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease? | [
"The ApoE4 isoform is associated with increased frequency of atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease (AD)."
] | [
"ApoE4 isoform",
"Apolipoprotein E4 isoform"
] | [
"Among three isoforms, the apoE4 isoform is associated with increased frequency of atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease (AD). ",
"Homozygosity for ApoE epsilon4 is associated with atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease whereas ApoE epsilon2 and epsilon3 tend to be protective.",
"Importantly, lipoproteins co... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15014128",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16903824",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24633805",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18823563",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15570172",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14614898",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=diseases_category",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000544",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:10652",
... |
58a71bb960087bc10a00002d | yesno | Are Ultra-conserved elements (UCEs) enriched in segmental duplications? | [
"ULEs are located in intergenic or intronic regions and are depleted from segmental duplications. In addition, here we show that these elements are preferentially found in pathogenic deletions (enrichment ratio 3.6 vs. 0.5 in duplications), and that this association is not related with a higher content of genes.",
... | [
"no"
] | [
"Here we address the process by which CNVs become depleted of UCEs.",
"We begin by showing that depletion for UCEs characterizes the most recent large-scale human CNV datasets and then find that even newly formed de novo CNVs, which have passed through meiosis at most once, are significantly depleted for UCEs.",
... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25340765",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16998490",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22987666",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18957701",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24349264",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21092253"
] | [] | [] |
58caf0be02b8c6095300002f | factoid | What organism causes woolsorter's disease | [
"Woolsorter's disease is caused by the same organism as Anthrax, bacillus Anthrax. "
] | [
"Bacillus Anthracis"
] | [
"Today, woolsorters' disease and other industrial manifestations of anthrax are extremely rare, ",
"Working independently of their more famous counterparts (Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur), Anglo-American anthrax investigators used visual representations of anthrax bacilli to persuade their peers that a specific, ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18959192",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486181"
] | [] | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:7427",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0050160",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009784"
] |
587e1a01fc7e8dd84f000001 | factoid | Which annotated database of A-to-I RNA editing is available? | [
"RADAR is a rigorously annotated database of A-to-I RNA editing. RADAR includes a comprehensive collection of A-to-I RNA editing sites identified in humans (Homo sapiens), mice (Mus musculus) and flies (Drosophila melanogaster), together with extensive manually curated annotations for each editing site. RADAR also ... | [
"RADAR"
] | [
"RADAR: a rigorously annotated database of A-to-I RNA editing",
"We present RADAR--a rigorously annotated database of A-to-I RNA editing",
"The identification of A-to-I RNA editing sites has been dramatically accelerated in the past few years by high-throughput RNA sequencing studies. RADAR includes a comprehen... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24163250"
] | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017393"
] |
58cd6d9702b8c6095300003c | yesno | Do normal cells express the protein TERT? | [
"Νο, telomerase activity is found in 85%-90% of all human cancers but not in their adjacent normal cells. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is an essential component in the telomerase complex that plays an important role in telomerase activity."
] | [
"no"
] | [
"Since telomerase has been recognized as a relevant factor distinguishing cancer cells from normal cells, it has become a very promising target for anti-cancer therapy",
"Telomerase plays a pivotal role in cellular immortality and tumorigenesis. Its activity is normally not detectable in most somatic cells while ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21790308",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18956258",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17346111",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17531113"
] | [] | [] |
58a71f7460087bc10a00002e | list | Which protein complexes recognize centromeric (CEN) DNA in yeast? | [
"The Schizosaccharomyces pombe centromere-linked genes, LYS1 and CYH1 on chromosome I and TPS13 and RAN1 on chromosome II, have been isolated. In budding yeast, as well as in other eukaryotes, the Cse4 histone variant (known in vertebrates as CENP-A) is believed to substitute for histone H3 at the centromeric nucle... | [
"Lys1",
"Cyh1",
"Tps13",
"Ran1",
"H3",
"Cse4"
] | [
"The Schizosaccharomyces pombe centromere-linked genes, LYS1 and CYH1 on chromosome I and TPS13 and RAN1 on chromosome II, have been isolated",
"Histone H3 localizes to the centromeric DNA in budding yeast",
" In budding yeast, as well as in other eukaryotes, the Cse4 histone variant (known in vertebrates as CE... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22693454",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3464952",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23620291"
] | [] | [] |
588fbedced9bbee70d000007 | yesno | Is there any involvement of the long non-coding RNA Gomafu in schizophrenia? | [
"Yes. The long non-coding RNA Gomafu is acutely regulated in response to neuronal activation and involved in schizophrenia-associated alternative splicing."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"The long non-coding RNA Gomafu is acutely regulated in response to neuronal activation and involved in schizophrenia-associated alternative splicing.",
"Here, we profile these transcriptomic responses and show that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are dynamically regulated by neuronal activation, including acute d... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23628989",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25145264"
] | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D062085",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:5419",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019967",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find... |
58bfeb2b02b8c6095300001a | yesno | Is butterfly rash a symptom of Systemic lupus erythematosus? | [
"Yes, butterfly rash is symptom of Systemic lupus erythematosus."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Diagnosing SLE can be challenging because of the myriad of clinical features and substantial variability between patients. Cutaneous involvement is present in about 60% of cases and typically manifests as a malar or butterfly rash.",
"The prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is 28 per 100,000. ",
"... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8000104",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27878308",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24948869",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19082832",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7065728",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1440087",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.... | [] | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:8857",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:9074",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008180"
] |
58ab1e19396a458e5000000f | summary | What is the function of yeast Clr4 on chromatin? | [
"Clr4 is known to regulate silencing and switching at the mating-type loci and to affect chromatin structure at centromeres. The Clr4 methyltransferase determines the subnuclear localization of the mating-type region in fission yeast. Heterochromatin assembly in fission yeast depends on the Clr4 histone methyltrans... | [] | [
"Mutations in the clr4+, rik1+ and swi6+ genes dramatically reduce silencing at certain centromeric regions and cause elevated chromosome loss rates",
"The Swi6 protein was found to be delocalised from all three silent chromosomal regions, and dispersed within the nucleus, in both clr4 and rik1 mutant cells. ",
... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9620780",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11273706",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16127433",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17504808",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23771057",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21060862",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [] |
5896381a78275d0c4a00000a | summary | What is the role of LIMT lncRNA? | [
"LINC01089 (LncRNA Inhibiting Metastasis; LIMT) is a highly conserved lncRNA, which is depleted in basal-like and in HER2-positive tumors, and the low expression of which predicts poor patient prognosis. Interestingly, EGF rapidly downregulates LIMT expression by enhancing histone deacetylation at the respective pr... | [] | [
"LIMT is a novel metastasis inhibiting lncRNA suppressed by EGF and downregulated in aggressive breast cancer.",
"This led to the identification of 11 prognostic lncRNAs. Functional analyses of this group uncovered LINC01089 (here renamed LncRNA Inhibiting Metastasis; LIMT), a highly conserved lncRNA, which is de... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27485121",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27123924"
] | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001943",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D018567",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BCAS1_MOUSE",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&... |
58b6d26122d300530900000e | yesno | Is infertility characteristic of individuals with Fanconi anemia? | [
"Yes, infertility is characteristic of individuals with Fanconi anemia."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"PALB2 links BRCA1 and BRCA2 in homologous recombinational repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Mono-allelic mutations in PALB2 increase the risk of breast, pancreatic, and other cancers, and biallelic mutations cause Fanconi anemia (FA). ",
"Moreover, mutant males showed reduced fertility due to impaired m... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24438373",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16946016",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12913077",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19101574",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21915857",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25016020",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005199",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:2355",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:13636",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007248",
"http... |
58cdb38f02b8c60953000041 | summary | What are Kupffer cells and what is their role? | [
"Kupffer cells (KCs)are hepatic macrophages which can secrete matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and can contribute to decreased hepatic insulin sensitivity. KCs may play a role in the development of drug induced liver injury (DILI)",
"Kupffer cells (KCs) play a role in the development of drug induced liver injury... | [] | [
"Kupffer cells (KCs) play a role in the development of drug induced liver injury (DILI).",
"Hepatic macrophages consist of Kupffer cells, which are originated from the fetal yolk-sack, and infiltrated bone marrow-derived monocytes/macrophages. ",
"Kupffer cells (KCs) are the main source of MMP.",
"liver, both... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15693545",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26908374",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8621159",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27717685",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26553134",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12964033",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007728"
] |
58cd729502b8c6095300003d | summary | What is known about saponins in crops and human consumption? | [
"Saponins are considered antinutrients for humans and have a bitter taste. They should be removed from the crops before consumption."
] | [] | [
"Saponins are readily soluble in water and are approved by the US FDA for inclusion in beverages intended for human consumption. The addition of saponins to existing water supplies offers a new form of intervention into the cycle of rotavirus infection. We believe that saponins will 'coat' the epithelium of the hos... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8121473",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23533206",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9839832",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11336236",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20725585"
] | [] | [] |
5896e4d478275d0c4a000015 | yesno | Is golimumab effective for ulcerative colitis? | [
"Yes. Golimumab is a TNF-blocking agent indicated as a second-line therapy in ulcerative colitis."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Initial experience with golimumab in clinical practice for ulcerative colitis.",
"BACKGROUND: Golimumab is a TNF-blocking agent indicated as a second-line therapy in ulcerative colitis.",
"CONCLUSIONS: In this short study, golimumab seems to be an alternative treatment in naive and non-naive anti-TNF ulcerativ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24955447",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27494322",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24502344",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26907481",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25609972",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24285003",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003093",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:8577",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4002191"
] |
58ab1f209ef3c34033000001 | summary | What is the role of histone variant H2A.W? | [
"The histone variant H2A.W defines heterochromatin and promotes chromatin condensation in Arabidopsis. The histone variant H2A.W marks heterochromatin specifically and acts in synergy with heterochromatic marks H3K9me2 and DNA methylation to maintain transposon silencing. In vivo, H2A.W is required for heterochroma... | [] | [
"The histone variant H2A.W defines heterochromatin and promotes chromatin condensation in Arabidopsis",
"The histone variant H2A.W marks heterochromatin specifically and acts in synergy with heterochromatic marks H3K9me2 and DNA methylation to maintain transposon silencing",
"In vitro, H2A.W enhances chromatin ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24995981",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25983206",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25781491"
] | [] | [] |
58c66a4b02b8c60953000025 | summary | Which are the main brain dysfunctions caused by hyperbilirubinemia? | [
"Bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction (BIND) and classical kernicterus are the main dysfunctions of hyperbilirubinemia, whenever bilirubin levels exceed the capacity of the brain defensive mechanisms in preventing its entrance and cytotoxicity. Bilirubin accumulation may lead to deficits in auditory, cognitive,... | [] | [
"Bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction (BIND) and classical kernicterus are clinical manifestations of moderate to severe hyperbilirubinemia whenever bilirubin levels exceed the capacity of the brain defensive mechanisms in preventing its entrance and cytotoxicity. In such circumstances and depending on the asso... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3174510",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16361175",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27746217",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25524299",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21575408",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22966025",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006933",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006932",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D051556",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/me... |
58967c9978275d0c4a000011 | yesno | Does mTOR regulate the translation of MAPKAPK2? | [
"Yes. mTOR regulates the translation of the MK2 (also known as MAPKAPK2) kinase through 4EBP1. In turn, MAPKAPK2 phosphorylates the RNA-binding protein ZFP36L1 during senescence, inhibiting its ability to degrade the transcripts of numerous senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) components. Consequently,... | [
"yes"
] | [
"mTOR regulates MAPKAPK2 translation to control the senescence-associated secretory phenotype.",
"Senescent cells secrete a combination of factors collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP reinforces senescence and activates an immune surveillance response, but it can al... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26269117",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26280535"
] | [] | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MAPK2_RABIT",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070438",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MAPK2_DROME",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0038201",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D058570",
"http://www... |
58bca2f302b8c6095300000c | factoid | What chromosome is affected in Turner's syndrome? | [
"Turner's syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal defect with partial or total absence of the X chromosome",
"Turner's syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal defect with partial or total absence of the X chromosome.",
"Turner's syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal defect with partial or total absence of the X chromosome. ",
"turner... | [
"X"
] | [
"Turner's syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal defect with partial or total absence of the X chromosome. ",
"Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the complete or partial absence of an X chromosome in affected women",
"Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder caused by complete or partial X chromosome... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19909521",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20197675",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10689047",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15797949",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25800473",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20017317",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D025063",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014960",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D025064",
"http://www.disease-ontology.or... |
58cd7af402b8c6095300003e | factoid | What is the aim of the TRAP assay? | [
"Telomerase enzyme activity can be detected in whole cell lysates by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method referred to as the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP)."
] | [
"Telomerase enzyme activity can be detected in whole cell lysates by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method referred to as the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP)."
] | [
"Positive activity by the telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) was identified in cell extracts of Escherichia coli expressing a sequence-optimized hTERT gene",
"The regulatory role of PCDH10 in telomerase activity was confirmed by a telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay, and the biologic... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965413",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24528514",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23288413",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26683936",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25225832",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23296661",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
589a245678275d0c4a000023 | summary | Describe clinical applications of the PIM2 scoring system. | [
"The Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 (PIM2) is one of the most commonly used scoring systems to predict mortality in patients admitted to pediatric intensive care units. The PIM2 score adequately discriminates survivors from non-survivor"
] | [] | [
"In this study, we examine if transfusion is an independent predictor of mortality, or if outcomes are merely a result of the initial severity as predicted by Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) III, Pediatric Index of Mortality (PIM2), and day 1 Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD) scores.",
"INTRODUCTIO... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21132231",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25996320",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25396011",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24051223",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25025075",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23940977",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
58ab1f6c9ef3c34033000002 | yesno | Do histone variant mH2A (macro-H2A) levels decrease upon differentiation? | [
"MacroH2A.1 was found to be present at low levels upon the establishment of pluripotency in the inner cell mass and epiblast, but it was highly enriched in the trophectoderm and differentiated somatic cells later in mouse development. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that macroH2A.1 is incorporated in the chr... | [
"no"
] | [
"Through manipulation of macroH2A isoforms, we further demonstrate that macroH2A2 is the predominant barrier to reprogramming.",
"In particular, we find macroH2A isoforms to be highly enriched at target genes of the K27me3 demethylase, Utx, which are reactivated early in iPS reprogramming",
" Therefore, we prop... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21738686",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22449192",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23595991",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23077180",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23463008",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21552206"
] | [] | [] |
58bd6c5802b8c60953000012 | summary | Which disease is associated with mutations in SLC40A1 gene? | [
"Mutations in the SLC40A1 gene, which encodes the cellular iron exporter ferroportin, are associated with the autosomal dominant hemochromatosis type 4 or Ferroportin disease. The patients characteristically have hyperferritinemia and iron overload."
] | [] | [
"Ferroportin disease is a rare type of autosomal dominantly inherited hemochromatosis caused with mutations in the ferroportin gene (SLC40A1). The patients characteristically have hyperferritinemia but normal transferin saturations. ",
"Novel gain of function mutation in the SLC40A1 gene associated with hereditar... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21175851",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27896572",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540536",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21199650",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25744502",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22408404",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=diseases_category",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/S40A1_DANRE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/S40A1_RAT",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exac... |
58bd672d02b8c60953000011 | yesno | Could divalent metal transporter 1 deficiency lead to anemia? | [
"Yes, divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) deficiency could result in anemia, as DMT1 is a major iron transporter required for iron absorption and erythropoiesis. DMT1 deficiency impairs erythroid differentiation and induces apoptosis of erythroid cells."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"The divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) is a major iron transporter required for iron absorption and erythropoiesis. Loss of DMT1 function results in microcytic anemia. ",
"Dysfunction of human DMT1 is associated with several pathologies such as iron deficiency anemia hemochromatosis, Parkinson's disease and Alz... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11090085",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25562168",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10751401",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15024413",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20336479",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15736955",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:11758",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070838",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:2355",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D018798",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metada... |
58bdc76102b8c60953000013 | yesno | Does the hERG gene code for a protein which is part of a sodium channel? | [
"The hERG AKA Human ether-a-go-go-related gene coded for a protein subunit of a potassium channel that conducts delayed rectifier K(+) current"
] | [
"no"
] | [
" The human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG 1a) potassium channel is critical for cardiac repolarization",
"Human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) channels conduct delayed rectifier K(+) current. ",
"The KvLQT1 and minK genes code the slowly activating, delayed rectifier (Iks) potassium channel, the HERG gene... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26363003",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24475291",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9272507",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14975928",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25498859",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8521555",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [] | [] |
589a245778275d0c4a000024 | yesno | Is lenvatinib effective for renal cell carcinoma? | [
"Yes, combination of lenvatinib and everolimus is approved to treat advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"However, the combination of lenvatinib, a multitargeted agent that inhibits VEGF as well as FGF receptors, and everolimus demonstrated promising results in a randomized phase II trial. ",
"The FDA has approved the combination of lenvatinib and everolimus to treat advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma.",
... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27467136",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27267515",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24190702",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27690664",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27047959",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24387233",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002292",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4450",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4451"
] |
58adb9919ef3c34033000004 | list | Which proteins form part of the NRD complex in S. cerevisiae? | [
"The purification of an ATR complex allowed identification of chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 4 (CHD4) as an ATR-associated protein by tandem mass spectrometric sequencing. CHD4 (also called Mi-2beta) is a component of a histone-deacetylase-2 (HDAC2)-containing complex, the nucleosome remodeling and deace... | [
"Chd2",
"Chd4",
"Hdac2",
"Mta1",
"Mta2",
"Sen1",
"Pcf11"
] | [
"This activity is derived from the CHD3 and CHD4 proteins which contain helicase/ATPase domains found in SWI2-related chromatin remodelling factors, and facilitates the deacetylation of oligonucleosomal histones in vitro. We refer to this complex as the nucleosome remodelling and deacetylating (NRD) complex",
"Mo... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9804427",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25877920",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21211720",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10545197"
] | [] | [] |
587e3129c32c812009000002 | factoid | Which R / bioconductor package is used for performing SNP enrichment analysis? | [
"traseR is an easy-to-use R Bioconductor package that performs enrichment analyses of trait-associated SNPs in arbitrary genomic intervals with flexible options, including testing method, type of background and inclusion of SNPs in LD."
] | [
"traseR"
] | [
"traseR: an R package for performing trait-associated SNP enrichment analysis in genomic intervals",
"Here, we present traseR, an easy-to-use R Bioconductor package that performs enrichment analyses of trait-associated SNPs in arbitrary genomic intervals with flexible options, including testing method, type of ba... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26685307"
] | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000704"
] |
58ce69cd1f5fb2b734000003 | yesno | Does HuR bind to the untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs? | [
"Yes, the RNA-binding protein HuR binds at 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of target transcripts, thereby protecting them against degradation."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"HuR is also overexpressed during tumourigenesis and is abnormally present within the cytoplasm, where it binds to AU-rich elements in the 3'UTRs of target mRNA and post-transcriptionally regulates the expression of its target genes.",
"Human antigen R (HuR) is a ubiquitous 32 kDa protein comprising three RNA Rec... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27941336",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23389914",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25841336",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25265983",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23312841",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24687854"
] | [] | [] |
588f9756ed9bbee70d000001 | summary | Describe Exploding head syndrome. | [
"Exploding head syndrome is characterized by the perception of abrupt, loud noises when going to sleep or waking up."
] | [] | [
"Exploding head syndrome is characterized by the perception of loud noises during sleep-wake or wake-sleep transitions.",
"Exploding head syndrome is characterized by the perception of abrupt, loud noises when going to sleep or waking up.",
"BACKGROUND: Exploding head syndrome (EHS) is characterized by attacks ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24703829",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24907167",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20112796",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1896728",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20726288",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25773787",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013577",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:225"
] |
58adbe999ef3c34033000005 | yesno | Is H4K20 methylation associated with DNA replication? | [
"We employed genetic, cytological, and genomic approaches to better understand the role of PR-Set7 and H4K20 methylation in regulating DNA replication and genome stability in Drosophila cells. Thus, coordinating the status of H4K20 methylation is pivotal for the proper selection of DNA replication origins in higher... | [
"yes"
] | [
"It seems likely that continued study of the methylation of H4K20 will yield extremely valuable insights concerning the regulation of histone modifications before and during cell division and the impact of these modifications on subsequent gene expression.",
"Aberrant rereplication correlates with decreased level... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24049080",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24013172",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23152447",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20735237",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23924899",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23345616",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
589a245e78275d0c4a000029 | summary | Describe crowned dens syndrome. | [
"Crowned dens syndrome is a rare form of \"crown-like\" calcifications around the dens and often presents with recurrent neck pain, stiffness of neck, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and episodes of fever."
] | [] | [
"BACKGROUND: Patients with crowned dens syndrome (CDS), which is pseudogout of the atlantoaxial junction induced by \"crown-like\" calcifications around the dens, present with symptoms of severe neck pain, rigidity, and high fever. ",
"BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Crowned dens syndrome (CDS) is a rare form of calcium phos... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27818601",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22303531",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23392827",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27902956",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19210868",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20646716",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
587e440f2420191125000005 | yesno | Does CRISPR inversion of CTCF sites alter genome topology? | [
"Yes. CRISPR inversion of CTCF sites alters genome topology."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"CRISPR Inversion of CTCF Sites Alters Genome Topology and Enhancer/Promoter Function",
"To test the functional significance of this observation, we combined CRISPR/Cas9-based genomic-DNA-fragment editing with chromosome-conformation-capture experiments to show that the location and relative orientations of CBSs ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26276636"
] | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D064113",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D064112"
] |
58d4d7578acda34529000007 | summary | How are looped genes identified in yest? | [
"Gene-loop formation is dependent on regulatory proteins localized at the 5' and 3' ends of genes, such as TFIIB.",
"gene-loop formation is dependent on regulatory proteins localized at the 5' and 3' ends of genes, such as tfiib.",
"Gene-loop formation is dependent on regulatory proteins localized at the 5' and... | [] | [
"Gene-loop formation is dependent on regulatory proteins localized at the 5' and 3' ends of genes, such as TFIIB.",
"Instead, activators physically interacted with the general transcription factor TFIIB when the genes were activated and in a looped configuration."
] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19602510",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24124207"
] | [] | [] |
58bfcb8702b8c60953000016 | list | Which are the causes of the Koebner phenomenon? | [
"The causes of the Koebner phenomenon are:\n1) Lichen sclerosus\n2) Vitiligo\n3) Psoriasis and \n4) Physical stress."
] | [
"Lichen sclerosus",
"Vitiligo",
"Psoriasis",
"Physical stress",
"Lichen planus"
] | [
"Lichen sclerosus has been reported at sites of injury as a Koebner phenomenon. ",
"Therefore, lower expression of keratinocyte-derived factors, including SCF, in vitiliginous keratinocytes, which could result from keratinocyte apoptosis, might be responsible for passive melanocyte death and may explain the Koebn... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24011283",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12195563",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10348006",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10884082",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10884083",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18499373",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:12306",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:9201",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014820",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011565",
"http... |
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