id stringlengths 24 24 | type stringclasses 4
values | body stringlengths 13 215 | ideal_answer listlengths 1 12 | exact_answer listlengths 0 44 | snippets listlengths 0 121 | documents listlengths 1 157 | triples listlengths 0 537 | concepts listlengths 0 99 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
56cafca85795f9a73e000030 | summary | How is mTORC1 involved in the regulation of heat stress? | [
"mTORC1 attenuates stress response by inhibiting cap-independent Hsp70 translation."
] | [] | [
"PI3K-mTORC1 attenuates stress response by inhibiting cap-independent Hsp70 translation",
"stress-induced preferential translation of Hsp70 mRNA is negatively regulated by PI3K-mTORC1 signaling",
"Conversely, Hsp70 synthesis is enhanced under the reduced PI3K-mTORC1 signaling",
"Our findings imply a plausible... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21177857"
] | [] | [] |
54e0dfa91388e8454a000018 | list | List components of the CRSP/Med complex. | [
"Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 7\nMediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 14\nMediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 17\nMediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 23\nMediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 24\nMediator of RNA polymerase II transc... | [
"Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 7",
"Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 14",
"Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 17",
"Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 23",
"Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 26",
"Mediator of RNA ... | [
" Here we describe a new human factor, CRSP, that is required together with the TAF(II)s for transcriptional activation by Sp1. Purification of CRSP identifies a complex of approximate relative molecular mass 700,000 (M(r) approximately 700K) that contains nine subunits with M(r) values ranging from 33K to 200K. Cl... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14759369",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12050112",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15175162",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9989412",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12509459",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24820420",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MED17_XENTR",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MED27_BOVIN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MED7_PIG",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MED23_DANRE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MED7_BOVIN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MED7_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/M... |
5545e65bd355485447000001 | factoid | Patients of which disease could be treated by utilizing knowledge obtained from experiments suppressing TDP-43 toxicity in yeast? | [
"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).",
"The strongest suppressor of TDP-43 toxicity was deletion of DBR1, which encodes an RNA lariat debranching enzyme. We show that, in the absence of Dbr1 enzymatic activity, intronic lariats accumulate in the cytoplasm and likely act as decoys to sequester TDP-43, preventing ... | [
"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)"
] | [
"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease primarily affecting motor neurons. Mutations in the gene encoding TDP-43 cause some forms of the disease, and cytoplasmic TDP-43 aggregates accumulate in degenerating neurons of most individuals with ALS. Thus, strategies aimed at targe... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23104007"
] | [] | [] |
517139098ed59a060a000004 | yesno | Is calcium overload involved in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy? | [
"Yes."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"High-glucose treatment resulted in increased intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) which was mobilized to the mitochondria. Concomitant intra-mitochondrial calcium ([Ca2+]m) increase resulted in enhanced reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation. These events led to mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis.",
"Th... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22402252",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3850773",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8864644",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10359740",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3384188",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8761317"
] | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002118",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D058065",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4071295",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:9351"
] |
56f3faed09dd18d46b000002 | factoid | What is the mechanism of viroid replication? | [
"The replication of many viral and subviral pathogens as well as the amplification of certain cellular genes proceeds via a rolling circle mechanism. Viroid replication occurs via a rolling circle mechanism using either a symmetric or asymmetric pathway in three steps, RNA transcription, processing and ligation. Re... | [
"rolling cycle"
] | [
"Together with the specific alpha-amanitin sensitivity of viroid replication observed in vivo, these findings suggest that viroids replicate by an entirely novel mechanism in which infecting viroid RNA molecules are copied by the host enzyme which is normally responsible for the synthesis of nuclear precursors to m... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9356244",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18370255",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15448723",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25287502",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21994552",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6760914",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014772"
] |
517539e68ed59a060a000028 | list | Which mitochondrial genes are regulated by thyroid hormone? | [
"subunit 6 of ATP synthase, ATPase-6, mitochondrial II and III subunits of cytochrome-c oxidase, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3"
] | [
"subunit 6 of ATP synthase",
"ATPase-6",
"mitochondrial II and III subunits of cytochrome-c oxidase",
"NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3",
"ND3"
] | [
"We used a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based mRNA differential display (DD) analysis to obtain a profile of thyroid hormone-responsive genes in osteoblast-like cells",
"At the 2-hour time point, 1 true-positive novel clone was identified and shown to be the mitochondrial gene, subunit 6 of ATP synthase (ATPas... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1331777",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12225634",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7763274"
] | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011988",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013963",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013974",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... |
531464a6e3eabad021000014 | factoid | Mutation of which gene is associated with McLeod syndrome? | [
"Mutation of XK gene is associated with McLeod syndrome. The XK gene is an X-chromosomal gene. The McLeod phenotype is derived from various forms of XK gene defects that result in the absence of XK protein, and is defined hematologically by the absence of Kx antigen, weakening of Kell system antigens, and red cell... | [
"XK"
] | [
"The diagnosis of MLS was confirmed by genetic testing showing a hemizygous mutation of XK gene. ",
"We performed a comprehensive mutation screen of VPS13A and XK, the gene responsible for ChAc and MLS, respectively, in 85 mood disorder subjects and XK in 86 schizophrenia subjects and compared the variants to 100... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11099667",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11761473",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19909712",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11562915",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1734714",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24098554",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"p": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseasome/associatedGene",
"s": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseases/3073",
"o": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/genes/XK"
},
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#exactMatch",
"s": "... | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009154",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:225",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005796",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exa... |
532bfd15d6d3ac6a34000017 | yesno | Is RIP1 (RIP-1) part of the necrosome? | [
"Yes, RIP1 is part of the necrosome."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"formation of a different necrosome whose components, besides RIP1 and RIP3, are still unknown",
"necrosome complex consisting of RIP1, RIP3, FADD, caspase-8 and cFLIP(L).",
"assembly of a supramolecular complex containing the receptor-interacting protein kinases 1 and 3 (RIP1 and RIP3) that delivers a pronecro... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22421439",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23612963",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24059293",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23898178",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23162759",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22016814",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0001906",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D053422",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0008219",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:... |
53124bdae3eabad02100000b | factoid | Which is the molecular target of the immunosuppressant drug Rapamycin? | [
"The molecular target of Rapamycin is mTOR"
] | [
"mTOR"
] | [
"molecular target of rapamycin (mTOR",
"molecular target of rapamycin (mTOR)",
"molecular target of rapamycin (mTOR) ",
"molecular target of rapamycin (mTOR)",
"molecular target of rapamycin (mTOR)",
"molecular target of rapamycin (mTOR) ",
"molecular target of rapamycin (mTOR)",
"the molecular Target... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23994756",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15901852",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22442756",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18451231",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14508096",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15627018",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TOR_ARATH",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0032006",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0031929",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TOR_DICDI",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Ex... |
56c30ce99d3e5f1412000002 | yesno | Is the protein KCNQ2 associated with idiopathic epilepsy? | [
"Yes, sequence variations of the KCNQ2 gene may contribute to the etiology of idiopathic epilepsy"
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Juvenile idiopathic epilepsy (JIE) in Arabian foals resembles benign-familial neonatal convulsion (BFNC) syndrome, a rare idiopathic epilepsy of new-born humans. BFNC syndrome exhibits genetic heterogeneity, as has been hypothesised to occur in Arabian foals, and is known to be caused by mutations in the voltage-g... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10323247",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19464834",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16302872",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18625963",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23182620",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21937445",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/KCNQ2_MOUSE",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D051658",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/KCNQ2_RAT"
] |
54fc91e96ad7dcbc12000001 | factoid | PBT2 has been tested for which disorder? | [
"PBT2 has been tested for treatment of Alzheimer's disease."
] | [
"Alzheimer's disease"
] | [
"PBT2 improved cognition in a phase II clinical trial with AD patients, and further clinical testing is currently underway.",
"In the second trial a successor compound, PBT2, was compared with placebo in 78 participants with mild Alzheimer's dementia; all were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. ",
"Th... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21797865",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18953111",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21739113",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20164561",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22403554",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18625454",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
532ad531d6d3ac6a34000013 | summary | What is the basic secondary structure of the variable domains of a typical antibody? | [
"The variable domains of heavy and light chains of antibodies consist of two β-sheets. The first one is composed of four strands, A, B, E and D, and the second one is composed of six strands, named A', G, F, C, C' and C''. The antigen binding site is formed by the inter-strand links BC, C′C″ and FG from each domain... | [] | [
"Antibodies are prototypes of multimeric proteins and consist of structurally similar domains. The two variable domains of an antibody (VH and VL) interact through a large hydrophobic interface and can be expressed as covalently linked single-chain Fv (scFv) fragments. ",
"Secondary structure formation, measured ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18513436",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9502319",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12566463",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3115977",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8683598",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8589603",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g... | [] | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4000002",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017433",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007136",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0042571",
"h... |
57092635cf1c325851000019 | summary | How does long-range epigenetic silencing (LRES) occur? | [
"Long Range Epigenetic Silencing (LRES) is a mechanism of gene inactivation that affects multiple contiguous CpG islands and has been described in different human cancer types.",
"Long Range Epigenetic Silencing (LRES) is a mechanism of gene inactivation that affects multiple contiguous CpG islands and has been d... | [] | [
"Long Range Epigenetic Silencing (LRES) is a mechanism of gene inactivation that affects multiple contiguous CpG islands and has been described in different human cancer types.",
"We demonstrate that LRES also occurs in murine cancer in vivo and mimics the molecular features of the human phenomenon, namely, downr... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20173741",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21737484",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20442245",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17099711",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24035705",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19956686",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0010495"
] |
53318685d6d3ac6a3400003d | factoid | What is the mode of inheritance of Acromicric dysplasia? | [
"Acromicric dysplasia has an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance"
] | [
"autosomal dominant"
] | [
"AD has an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, distinct facial and skeleton features (a hoarse voice and internal notch of the femoral head).",
"Finally, WMS is transmitted either by an autosomal dominant or an autosomal recessive (AR) mode of inheritance, GD by an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance and ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22791552",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19396027",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11694546"
] | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D040582",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001848"
] |
571696d9cb4ef8864c000009 | yesno | Can RNAPolII function as an RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase? | [
"RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is a well-characterized DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which has also been reported to have RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) activity. Pol II can use a homopolymeric RNA template, can extend RNA by several nucleotides in the absence of DNA, and has been implicated in the replication of... | [
"yes"
] | [
"RNA polymerase II acts as an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase to extend and destabilize a non-coding RNA",
"RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is a well-characterized DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which has also been reported to have RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) activity.",
". Our studies provide compelling evidenc... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17855633",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23395899",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20943989",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17132145",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16624367",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18004386",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012319"
] |
518cb5ab310faafe08000008 | list | Which are the best treatment options to treat Helicobacter pylori? | [
"The best treatment options for eradication of Helicobacter pylori involve triple or quadruple drugs therapy with different types of antibiotics.\nBismuth may be also an additional option. Proton pump inhibitors are also included in treatment.\nThe more effective drug list includes: amoxicillin, claritromycin, met... | [
"amoxicillin",
"metronidazole",
"claritromycin",
"Proton pump inhibithors",
"rifabutin",
"Eudragit L100"
] | [
"Triple therapy, which has been the mainstay of treatment in many countries over the last decade, now has suboptimal results in many parts of the world.",
"equential therapy and quadruple therapy (either bismuth-based or non-bismuth-based) are the best current options to replace initial treatment with triple ther... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23388847",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23021657",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22322786",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22404517",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20485704",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20429828",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
570a6d03cf1c325851000025 | list | List sclerostin interaction partners. | [
"alkaline phosphatase\ncarbonic anhydrase\ngremlin-1\nfetuin A\nmidkine\nannexin A1 \nannexin A2\ncollagen α1\ncasein kinase II \nsecreted frizzled related protein 4\nPhex\nasporin\nfollistatin\nerbB-3\nLRP5 \nnoggin"
] | [
"alkaline phosphatase",
"carbonic anhydrase",
"gremlin-1",
"fetuin A",
"midkine",
"annexin A1",
"annexin A2",
"collagen α1",
"casein kinase II",
"secreted frizzled related protein 4",
"Phex",
"asporin",
"follistatin",
"erbB-3",
"LRP5",
"noggin"
] | [
" Several previously unidentified full-length sclerostin-interacting proteins such as alkaline phosphatase, carbonic anhydrase, gremlin-1, fetuin A, midkine, annexin A1 and A2, and collagen α1, which have established roles in bone formation or resorption processes, were bound to the sclerostin-MBP amylose resin but... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22206666",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20951118",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17002572",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15199066"
] | [] | [] |
56cd765b5795f9a73e000038 | summary | Under which conditions does AMPK phosphorylate TSC2? | [
"The AMP-activated serine/threonine protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor of cellular energy status found in all eukaryotes, and it is activated under conditions of low intracellular ATP following stresses such as nutrient deprivation or hypoxia.",
"The AMP-activated serine/threonine protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor... | [] | [
"The AMP-activated serine/threonine protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor of cellular energy status found in all eukaryotes that is activated under conditions of low intracellular ATP following stresses such as nutrient deprivation or hypoxia.",
"AMPK directly phosphorylates at least two proteins to induce rapid supp... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15261145",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19245654",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14651849",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16483933",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18439900",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24173372",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
5326300fd6d3ac6a34000005 | list | What imaging modalities have been listed as method of choice to diagnose CSF leak? | [
"CT cisternography in the investigation of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea. CTC is an accurate, well-tolerated procedure and should be regarded as the method of choice for investigation of this condition.\n...unenhanced (three-dimensional constructive interference in steady state (3D-CISS)...In conclusion, 3D-CISS ... | [
"CT cisternography",
"CTC",
"three-dimensional constructive interference in steady state",
"3D-CISS"
] | [
"CT cisternography in the investigation of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea.",
"CTC is an accurate, well-tolerated procedure and should be regarded as the method of choice for investigation of this condition.",
"Currently the method of choice for cerebrospinal fluid detection is qualitative determination of beta... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11109603",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19242563",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19723768",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8519147",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11331153"
] | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002555",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002559",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015170",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... |
51be411b047fa84d1d000006 | list | Which are currently available software tools for detecting rare codon clusters in coding sequences? | [
"Rare codon clusters (RCCs) correspond to regions along mRNA sequences where among the possible choices of synonymous codons those with lower usage are observed. Due to the fact that relative codon frequencies have been shown to correlate with their cognate tRNA frequencies, RCCs indicate possible translational at... | [
"LaTcOm",
"%MinMax",
"PAUSE",
"Sherlocc",
"Sliding Window",
"RiboTempo"
] | [
"Our program Sherlocc, detects statistically relevant conserved rare codon clusters and produces a user-friendly HTML output.",
"LaTcOm: a web server for visualizing rare codon clusters in coding sequences",
"We present LaTcOm, a new web tool, which offers several alternative methods for 'rare codon cluster' (R... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18923675",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18457591",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22467916",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10689191",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22199385",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20167116"
] | [] | [] |
511a3573df1ebcce7d000018 | factoid | How many tissue kallikrein genes are present in the human genome? | [
"Tissue kallikreins (KLKs) are a group of closely related serine proteinases that are represented by multigene families in the human genome. The human tissue kallikrein gene family consists of 15 genes, denoted KLK1–KLK15, tandemly arranged on chromosomal locus 19q13.4."
] | [
"15"
] | [
"Tissue kallikreins are a group of closely related serine proteinases that are represented by multigene families in mice and rats.",
"Our map specifies the distance between genes to one base pair accuracy, the relative location, and the direction of transcription of all 15 genes.",
"The human tissue Kallikrein ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15015574",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20180637",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16800725",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11006094",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21072173",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12725528",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007610",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020840"
] |
514a0f0ad24251bc05000052 | yesno | Does the Oncotype DX test work with paraffin embedded tissues? | [
"Yes, the Oncotype DX test works with paraffin embedded tissue."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"The Oncotype-DX Breast Cancer Assay (Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA) quantifies gene expression for 21 genes in breast cancer tissue by performing reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumour blocks that are obtained during initial surgery (lumpectomy... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18922117",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17463177",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23074401",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17140367",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16361546",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17039265"
] | [
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7572812",
"o": "Paraffin"
},
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0030415",
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resou... | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016612"
] |
56c5c7915795f9a73e000004 | factoid | Where does CTCF colocalize with cohesin? | [
"Cohesin subunits associate with viral and cellular CTCF sites involved in complex gene regulation and chromatin organization. Cohesin cobinds across the genome with transcription factors independently of CTCF, plays a functional role in estrogen-regulated transcription, and may help to mediate tissue-specific tran... | [
"In imprinted and repressed, highly compacted loci that are prone to recombination events."
] | [
"In human cells, Pol III genes and transcription factors have also been shown to colocalize with cohesin and the transcription regulator and genome organizer CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF).",
"To investigate cohesin-non-CTCF (CNC) binding events in vivo we mapped cohesin and CTCF, as well as a collection of tissue-s... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23150255",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22780989",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20219941",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21628529",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19369356",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18219272",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CTCF_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CTCF_RAT",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008278"
] |
56be143eef6e394741000009 | list | Name triad of Wernicke encephalopathy. | [
"Wernicke's encephalopathy is a triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and confusion seen in alcoholics with dietary vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency."
] | [
"ophthalmoplegia",
"ataxia",
"confusion"
] | [
"In the classical form it is characterized by a typical triad (confusion, oculomotor disturbance and ataxia), however, in the majority of the cases only confusion is present. ",
"Wernicke's encephalopathy is an acute neurological disorder characterized by mental confusion, oculomotor dysfunction, and ataxia. ",
... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21121997",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10328278",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24099834",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25550705",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3469966",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9417174",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014899",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:2384"
] |
52e7870a98d023950500001a | yesno | Is the PTPN22 gene a biomarker for Rheumatoid Arthritis? | [
"The PTPN22 gene has been repeatedly associated with RA-susceptibility in populations of European ancestry."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Combined longitudinal analysis of the 2 cohorts suggests further association of several loci with Larsen score (KIF5A, PTPN22, AFF3, TAGAP) and therefore a significant accumulation of RA severity markers among RA susceptibility markers (p = 0.016)",
"A non-intronic marker at TNFAIP3, GIN1/C5orf30, STAT4, ANKRD55... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21542789",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19445664",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20498205",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21752868",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16309943",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19034456",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"p": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseasome/associatedGene",
"s": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseases/3793",
"o": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/genes/PTPN22"
},
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "... | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001172",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001171",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PTN22_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PTN22_MOUSE",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org... |
5149e23dd24251bc0500004b | yesno | Is marijuana use associated with increased risk for stroke? | [
"Yes, the use of marijuana is associated with increased risk for ischemic stroke, especially in young adults. The mechanisms underlying such association remain largely unclear, but increased vascular reactivity and increased cerebrovascular resistance were implicated."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"The illicit drugs more commonly associated with stroke are psychomotor stimulants, such as amphetamine and cocaine. Less commonly implicated are opioids and psychotomimetic drugs, including cannabis.",
"Among 326 patients (184 males), the most frequent stroke risk factors overall were dyslipidaemia (187), smokin... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15801396",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23160887",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23299821",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18025032",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16832776",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22150621",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008385",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:3455",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012306",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Ex... |
54db7217c4c6ce8e1d000003 | list | How many and which are the different isoforms for the ryanodine receptor? | [
"Generally, three ryanodine receptor isoforms (RyR1-RyR3) are known. RyR1, expressed in skeletal muscle; RyR2, expressed in cardiac muscle; and RyR3, expressed in various cells. RyR3 is preferentially expressed in the brain especially in the hippocampus and striatum."
] | [
"Ryanodine Receptor type 1",
"RyR1",
"Ryanodine Receptor type 2",
"RyR2",
"Ryanodine Receptor type 3",
"RyR3"
] | [
"Skeletal (RyR1) and cardiac muscle (RyR2) isoforms of ryanodine receptor calcium channels",
"Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are located in the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum membrane and are responsible for the release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores during excitation-contraction coupling in both cardiac and... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18221109",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19503748",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17707769",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14592807",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17526017",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24521037",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
56c865d25795f9a73e000016 | factoid | Which compound is a specific inhibitor for Nox1 and Nox4? | [
"GKT136901 is a specific inhibitor of Nox1 and Nox4."
] | [
"GKT136901"
] | [
"The efficacy of the Nox1/Nox4 inhibitor GKT137831 on the manifestations of DN was studied in OVE26 mice, a model of type 1 diabetes. ",
"At both doses, GKT137831 inhibited NADPH oxidase activity, superoxide generation, and hydrogen peroxide production in the renal cortex from diabetic mice without affecting Nox1... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25656366",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24511132",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22806357",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21419746",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20558727"
] | [] | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NOX4_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NOX4_RAT",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NOX4_PONAB",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NOX1_RAT",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NOX4_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NOX1_MOUSE"
] |
550e828c71445a662f000002 | factoid | Which molecule is targeted by the drug Gevokizumab? | [
"Gevokizumab is an allosteric anti-IL-1β monoclonal antibody."
] | [
"IL-1β"
] | [
"Detailed mechanistic analysis of gevokizumab, an allosteric anti-IL-1β antibody with differential receptor-modulating properties.",
"Gevokizumab is a potent anti-IL-1β antibody being developed as a treatment for diseases in which IL-1β has been associated with pathogenesis. Previous data indicated that gevokizum... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24194526",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25108619",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25079039",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22084392",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21048425",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21154167",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
5506a7a48e1671127b000008 | list | Which protein phosphatases have been found to dephosphorylate phospholamban? | [
"The protein phosphatases which dephosphorylate native, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-associated phospholamban were studied in cardiac muscle extracts and in a Triton fraction prepared by detergent extraction of myofibrils, the latter fraction containing 70-80% of the SR-associated proteins present in the tissue. At ... | [
"Protein Phosphatase 1",
"PP1",
"Protein phosphatase 2A",
"PP2A",
"Protein Phosphatase 2C",
"PP2C",
"Protein Phosphatase 2B",
"PP2B"
] | [
"The protein phosphatases which dephosphorylate native, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-associated phospholamban were studied in cardiac muscle extracts and in a Triton fraction prepared by detergent extraction of myofibrils, the latter fraction containing 70-80% of the SR-associated proteins present in the tissue. At ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9350040",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1849481"
] | [] | [] |
5133b9455274a5fb0700000c | list | What is the most prominent sequence consensus for the polyadenylation site? | [
"Functional polyadenylation [poly(A)] sites consist of two sequence elements, the AAUAAA and G/U box signals, that closely flank the site of mRNA 3'-end formation. The canonical polyadenylation signal sequence AATAAA"
] | [
"AATAAA",
"AAUAAA"
] | [
"the cannonical polyadenylation signal sequence AATAAA",
"Two AATAAA motifs are coded in the last exon of this gene",
"The results demonstrate that the intact AAUAAA is not required for RNA polyadenylation but is required for the cleavage step preceding polyadenylation to occur efficiently",
"the early poly(A... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1993703",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2513486",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1712333",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1915889",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7901430",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6194440"
] | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=1900363",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0043631",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D039104",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+... |
5715c16dcb4ef8864c000004 | yesno | Does fibronectin constitute a serum biomarker for Duchenne muscular dystrophy? | [
"Compared to age-matched controls, fibronectin levels in DMD patients were found to be significantly increased, whereas in patients with Becker muscular dystrophy, Bethlem myopathy, or myasthenia gravis were close to the control levels. Additionally, progressive elevation in fibronectin levels was observed in longi... | [
"yes"
] | [
"Fibronectin is a serum biomarker for Duchenne muscular dystrophy",
"There was a significant increase in fibronectin levels in DMD patients compared to age-matched controls. Fibronectin levels in patients with Becker muscular dystrophy, Bethlem myopathy, or myasthenia gravis were comparable to control levels. Pro... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24458521"
] | [] | [] |
5509ce9ec2af5d5b70000001 | summary | What colonoscopy findings have been reported in autism | [
"Endoscopy trials have demonstrated a higher prevalence of nonspecific colitis, lymphoid hyperplasia and focally enhanced gastritis compared with controls."
] | [] | [
"Autistic enterocolitis: fact or fiction?",
"There have been several reports of a link between autism and chronic gastrointestinal symptoms. Endoscopy trials have demonstrated a higher prevalence of nonspecific colitis, lymphoid hyperplasia and focally enhanced gastritis compared with controls.",
"Intestinal mu... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11241044",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16003132",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19214283",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11007230"
] | [] | [] |
56d12d643975bb303a000014 | summary | What is a disordered protein? | [
"Intrinsically disordered proteins lack stable tertiary and/or secondary structures under physiological conditions in vitro. Intrinsically disordered proteins undergo significant conformational transitions to well folded forms only on binding to partner."
] | [] | [
"Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are ubiquitously involved in cellular processes and often implicated in human pathological conditions. The critical biological roles of these proteins, despite not adopting a well-defined fold, encouraged structural biologists to revisit their views on the protein structure... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25968230",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25387963",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26301226",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26195786",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26417545",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25715079",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0016485"
] |
54f608f85f206a0c06000007 | factoid | What is the Drosophila melanogaster Groucho protein? | [
"Groucho proteins are abundant and broadly expressed nuclear factors that lack intrinsic DNA-binding activity but can interact with a variety of DNA-binding proteins. The recruitment of Groucho to specific gene regulatory sequences results in transcriptional repression.\nGroucho (Gro) is a Drosophila melanogaster t... | [
"Groucho (Gro) is a Drosophila melanogaster transcriptional corepressor"
] | [
"Although a repressor could function by recruiting just a single co-repressor, many can recruit more than one, with Drosophila Brinker (Brk) recruiting the co-repressors CtBP and Groucho (Gro), ",
"Groucho (Gro) is a Drosophila corepressor required by numerous DNA-binding repressors, many of which are distributed... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18254933",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21666599",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22319573",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17624551",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16508633",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24086079",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TLE4_XENLA",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011506",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GROU_DROME",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TLE1_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TLE1_DANRE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TL... |
56c048acef6e39474100001c | factoid | Which enzyme is inhibited by Imetelstat? | [
"Imetelstat works by inhibiting telomerase."
] | [
"telomerase"
] | [
"The telomerase inhibitor imetelstat alone, and in combination with trastuzumab, decreases the cancer stem cell population and self-renewal of HER2+ breast cancer cells.",
"The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a telomerase antagonistic oligonucleotide, imetelstat (GRN163L), on CSC and non-C... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24409321",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25441685",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23545855",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26332545",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26332546",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21062983",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004791"
] |
515da5b5298dcd4e5100000f | summary | What is the catalytic mechanism of DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferases? | [
"The catalytic mechanism of the DNA (Cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase involves nucleophilic attack of the C6 of the substrate cytosine by the single conserved cysteine of the enzyme, followed by C5 nucleophilic replacement of the methyl group of the cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) to produce 5-methyl-6-Cys-... | [] | [
"All DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferases contain a single conserved cysteine. It has been proposed that this cysteine initiates catalysis by attacking the C6 of cytosine and thereby activating the normally inert C5 position.",
"Kinetic and catalytic mechanism of HhaI methyltransferase.",
"Kinetic and catalytic ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3558369",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16606828",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6884360",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9207015",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8441638",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11087417",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g... | [
{
"p": "http://purl.uniprot.org/core/fullName",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/#_413849585033007",
"o": "Cytosine-C5 specific DNA methyltransferase"
}
] | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DCM_ECO57",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004248",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0009008",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0051719",
"http://www.uniprot.org/un... |
550748a3bde8548216000001 | yesno | Are mutations in the STXBP1 gene associated with epilepsy? | [
"Yes,mutations in STXBP1 gene, encoding the syntaxin binding protein 1, have been recently described in Ohtahara syndrome, or early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with suppression-burst pattern, and in other early-onset epileptic encephalopathies."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Folinic acid responsive epilepsy in Ohtahara syndrome caused by STXBP1 mutation.",
"A novel mutation in STXBP1 gene in a child with epileptic encephalopathy and an atypical electroclinical pattern.",
"Mutations in STXBP1 gene, encoding the syntaxin binding protein 1, have been recently described in Ohtahara sy... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23409955",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21770924",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20845763",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20876469",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21277190",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22709267",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009154",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004829",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D059645",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/a... |
5319a73cb166e2b806000026 | summary | What is the mechanism of action of geldanamycin? | [
"Geldanamycin is an ansamycin antibiotic which holds the ability to bind heat-shock protein 90. This interaction can lead to the disruption of heat-shock protein 90-containing multimolecular complexes. Additionally, it can induce inhibition or even degradation of partner proteins dissociated from the 90 kDa chapero... | [] | [
"Geldanamycin (HSP90 inhibitor)",
"Geldanamycin is an antibiotic originally discovered based on its ability to bind heat-shock protein 90. This interaction can lead to the disruption of heat-shock protein 90-containing multimolecular complexes. It can also induce the inhibition or even degradation of partner prot... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21525416",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18001136",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9817749",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23986774",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23701727",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15971989",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D045504",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4250710",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020228"
] |
512d0e635274a5fb07000005 | factoid | Which is the most widely used anti-TNF drug? | [
"Etanercept is the most widely used anti-TNF drug."
] | [
"Etanercept"
] | [
"higher rates are observed with anti-TNF Abs (e.g., infliximab) as compared with TNF receptor fusion protein (etanercept).",
"Two of them received etanercept and the remainder adalimumab.",
"45 cases were collected of non-TB OIs in 43 patients receiving infliximab (n=29), adalimumab (n=10) or etanercept (n=4)"
... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21881980",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18420660",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22379032",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19854715",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21177290"
] | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000894",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D023201",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D044966",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... |
52f892782059c6d71c000039 | summary | What is the association between number of pregnancies and rheumatoid arthritis | [
"Greater parity significantly reduced the odds of RA. A larger number of pregnancies and late menopause show a protective effect, delaying the onset of the disease."
] | [] | [
"In this unique population, greater parity significantly reduced the odds of RA;",
"an early age at first birth increased the odds, and the postpartum period was confirmed as high risk for RA onset. The protective effect of repeated exposure to the ameliorating hormonal and immunological changes of pregnancy may ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2819350",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23070994",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22012422",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10342392",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12839599"
] | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001172",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011247"
] |
5318352fb166e2b806000011 | yesno | Is mitofusin 2 a receptor for parkin? | [
"Yes, Mfn2 functions as a mitochondrial receptor for Parkin."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Recent work demonstrates that a phosphorylated form of the mitochondrial fusion protein Mitofusin 2 serves as a receptor for Parkin translocation to damaged mitochondria.",
"We show that the mitochondrial outer membrane guanosine triphosphatase mitofusin (Mfn) 2 mediates Parkin recruitment to damaged mitochondri... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22807239",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19076450",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22914740",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23958438",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20871098",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21252228",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A1378212",
"o": "C111567"
},
{
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/altMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0673396",
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com... | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MFN2_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PACRG_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PACRG_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MFN2_RAT",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MARF_DROME",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MFN2_HUMAN"
] |
532c0ac4d6d3ac6a3400001a | list | What are the main benefits of pharmacophore models? | [
"As researchers continue to search for new targets of therapeutic interest, transmembrane and G-protein coupled receptors are of ever-increasing importance. However, crystal structures for these targets may be impossible to resolve, posing great challenges in rational drug design. Structure-based virtual screening ... | [
"They represent chemical functions valid not only for the existing bounds but also for unknown molecules.",
"Due their simplicity they are proper for large scale virtual screening",
"They are comprehensive and editable, so by changing chemical feature contains information can be easily trace back."
] | [
"To discover novel RNAP inhibitors, a pharmacophore based on the alignment of described inhibitors was used for virtual screening. In an optimization process of hit compounds, novel derivatives with improved in vitro potency were discovered. Investigations concerning the molecular mechanism of RNAP inhibition revea... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24245803",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24212027",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24119198",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24287559",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24112046",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22192589",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A1308602",
"o": "CRISP Thesaurus"
},
{
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/prefMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0599740",
"o": "http://linkedlifedat... | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003198",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008956",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015195",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... |
53340ca4d6d3ac6a34000042 | summary | How Flaviviridae family of viruses infects vertebrates? | [
"A wide range of about 500 different viruses is transmitted by arthropods such as ticks, mosquitoes and sandflies. These arboviruses multiply in the arthropod vector, and for each virus there is a natural cycle involving vertebrates (various birds or mammals) and arthropods. The virus enters the arthropod when the ... | [] | [
"(WNV) is a neurotropic flavivirus that cycles between mosquitoes and birds but that can also infect humans, horses, and other vertebrate animals. In most humans, WNV infection remains subclinical. However, 20%-40% of those infected may develop WNV disease, with symptoms ranging from fever to meningoencephalitis. A... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23312108",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23523057",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23110744",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23738027",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24058903",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22541792",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014714",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014712",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D018067",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... |
54d776453706e89528000018 | summary | What was the aim of the HAMLET clinical trial? | [
"The aim of the HAMLET (Hemicraniectomy After Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction With Life-Threatening Edema Trial) clinical trial was to compare the efficacy of decompressive surgery to improve functional outcome with that of conservative treatment in patients with space-occupying supratentorial infarction.",
"Th... | [] | [
"METHODS: We assessed clinical outcomes, costs, and cost-effectiveness for the first 3 years in patients who were randomized to surgical decompression or best medical treatment within 48 hours after symptom onset in the Hemicraniectomy After Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction With Life-Threatening Edema Trial (HAMLE... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17400593",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16965617",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19269254",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23868265",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14723030",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17303527",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
534289851eccfd0633000001 | summary | Can we use prodrug amifostine to protect healthy cell during chemotherapy? | [
"Effective radiotherapy for patients with cancer should include maximal tumor cell killing with minimal injury to normal tissue. However, current radiation doses that can be delivered without causing severe damage to surrounding normal tissues are often insufficient to eradicate a tumor. Recently, a number of agent... | [] | [
"CYP), a commonly prescribed chemotherapy drug, has multiple adverse side effects including alteration of taste. The effects on taste are a cause of concern for patients as changes in taste are often associated with loss of appetite, malnutrition, poor recovery and reduced quality of life. Amifostine is a cytoprote... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17661222",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16116597",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17602063",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10808697",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10731970",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10553165",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17889382",
"o": "N0000022033"
},
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1874179",
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/re... | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004358",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019610",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020011",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/joche... |
56ffd805cf1c32585100000a | factoid | Which is the main difference between Alu and B1 repeats? | [
"B1 is a murine homolog of the human SINE Alu. B1 (Alu-equivalent) is a murine short interspersed element whose amplification probably involved an RNA intermediate. The modern B1 elements are similar to the left Alu monomer, but with a 9 bp deletion and a 29 bp duplication.",
"The mouse B1 sequence is congruent t... | [
"it is the mouse homolog to the left Alu monomer"
] | [
"The mouse B1 sequence is congruent to 130 nucleotides long and shows homology with the monomeric units of the dimeric 300-nucleotide primate sequence. ",
"Here we show that some members of the mouse B1 Alu sequence family encode a small cytoplasmic RNA",
"Alus and B1s are short interspersed repeat elements (SI... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019790",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8576966",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17852045",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2412135",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7681065",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1945845",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020087"
] |
531d1279b166e2b806000042 | yesno | Is there a relationship between thyroid hormone altered metabolism and coronary artery disease? | [
"The major part of the studies and metaanalysis data show that hypothyroidism, both primary and secondary forms, is associated with higher incidence and severity of coronary artery disease."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"The results showed that higher levels of TSH within the reference range were independently associated with the presence of CAD only among subjects less than or equal to 65 years old, suggesting age might influence the relationship.",
"FT3 levels within the normal range were inversely correlated with the presence... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17434631",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9117915",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497453",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19650571",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16507804",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16649727",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013974",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D023921",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013959",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... |
533ba85ffd9a95ea0d000008 | factoid | What is the frequency of mutations induced spontaneously through Ethylnitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis? | [
"Theoretical considerations and empirical analysis suggest that the per-base mutation frequency for a fractionated-dose treatment protocol is on the order of 1 sequence change per 10(5) bp."
] | [
"1/100000"
] | [
"The mutation frequency increased linearly with MNU or ENU concentration (0.01--2.0 mM); mean values were 2800 and 840 mutants per 10(6) clonable cells per mM, respectively",
"The mutation frequency induced by a 400 mg/kg dosage of ethylnitrosourea is 12 times the maximal mutation frequency achievable with a sing... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18504270",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12410959",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15450411",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/509687",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10700191",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3863118",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.... | [] | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4249285",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017354",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016296",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&ter... |
52f124a12059c6d71c000006 | summary | What is the molecular pathogenesis of Spinal Muscular Atrophy? | [
"Spinal muscular atrophy is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease characterised by degeneration of spinal cord motor neurons, atrophy of skeletal muscles, and generalised weakness. It is caused by homozygous disruption of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene by deletion, conversion, or mutation, resul... | [] | [
"A mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy, in which the number of Gems is decreased, shows fewer subsets U snRNAs.",
"TDP-43 associates with nuclear bodies including Gemini of coiled bodies (GEMs). GEMs contribute to the biogenesis of uridine-rich small nuclear RNA (U snRNA), a component of splicing machinery. Th... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18572081",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24112438",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23740936"
] | [] | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0050530",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0060160",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014897",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0050529",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/... |
52e7b7cb98d023950500001c | list | Which drugs affect insulin resistance in obesity? | [
"Enistein treatment could help reduce insulin resistance\nACE inhibitor drugs may improve insulin resistance"
] | [
"Enistein",
"ACE inhibitors"
] | [
"enistein treatment could help reduce insulin resistance through the amelioration of OVX-induced metabolic dysfunction, and the GSEA approach may be useful in proposing putative targets related to insulin resistance.",
"he positive effects of ACE inhibitor drugs, particularly on hypertriglyceridemia and insulin r... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17482151",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9374813",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19236237",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21276223",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23619228",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17437648",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007333",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:14221",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009765",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+E... |
587f57f692a5b8ad44000002 | summary | Elaborate on the link between conserved noncoding elements (CNEs) and fractality. | [
"Well-developed fractality is revealed for the chromosomal distribution of different classes of CNEs in the human genome by employing the scaling of block entropy and box-counting. This is characteristic of elements that are either extremely conserved between species or are of ancient origin, i.e. conserved between... | [] | [
"Fractality and entropic scaling in the chromosomal distribution of conserved noncoding elements in the human genome.",
"We explored the chromosomal distribution of different classes of CNEs in the human genome. We employed two methodologies: the scaling of block entropy and box-counting, with the aim to assess f... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26899868",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24787386"
] | [] | [] |
58a2e5f760087bc10a000007 | factoid | Which is the primary protein component of Lewy bodies? | [
"The primary protein component of Lewy bodies are fibrils composed of alpha-synuclein."
] | [
"alpha-synuclein",
"α-synuclein",
"αSyn"
] | [
"Aggregation of α-synuclein (αSyn), the primary protein component in Lewy body inclusions of patients with Parkinson's disease, arises when the normally soluble intrinsically disordered protein converts to amyloid fibrils. ",
"The primary structural component of Lewy bodies are fibrils composed primarily of alpha... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23180276",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11814405",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10722726",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20551689",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24252509",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12541013",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016631",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D051844"
] |
58aa0a62396a458e50000007 | yesno | Are microtubules marked by glutamylation? | [
"Yes, glutamylation is the most prevalent tubulin posttranslational modification and marks stable microtubules."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Together with detyrosination, glutamylation and other modifications, tubulin acetylation may form a unique 'language' to regulate microtubule structure and function.",
"Glutamylation, the most prevalent tubulin posttranslational modification, marks stable microtubules and regulates recruitment and activity of mi... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26227334",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19700636",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23973077",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26000474",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25959773",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25030760"
] | [] | [] |
5881f0f1713cbdfd3d000004 | summary | What is known about the Kub5-Hera/RPRD1B interactome? | [
"Ku70-binding protein 5 (Kub5)-Hera (K-H)/RPRD1B maintains genetic integrity by concomitantly minimizing persistent R-loops and promoting repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Thus, the Kub5-Hera/RPRD1B interactome plays a novel role in preserving genetic stability by regulating DNA mismatch repair."
] | [] | [
"The Kub5-Hera/RPRD1B interactome: a novel role in preserving genetic stability by regulating DNA mismatch repair",
"Ku70-binding protein 5 (Kub5)-Hera (K-H)/RPRD1B maintains genetic integrity by concomitantly minimizing persistent R-loops and promoting repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs)",
"The Kub5-Hera... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26819409"
] | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D053843"
] |
5891f9e549702f2e01000002 | factoid | Willis-Ekbom disease is also known as? | [
"Restless legs syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease (WED), is a common movement disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move because of uncomfortable, sometimes painful sensations in the legs with a diurnal variation and a release with movement."
] | [
"Restless legs syndrome"
] | [
"Defining the phenotype of restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease (RLS/WED): a clinical and polysomnographic study.",
"Clinical features variability between familial and sporadic restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease (RLS/WED) has been previously reported. With this retrospective cohort study, we aimed... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24157095",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24605270",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25510187",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26329430",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25301914",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26725086",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
5895f9cf78275d0c4a000002 | list | List two most common symptoms of Aagenaes syndrome. | [
"Aagenaes syndrome, also called lymphoedema cholestasis syndrome 1, is characterized by neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis, often lessening and becoming intermittent with age and severe chronic lymphoedema, mainly affecting the lower extremities."
] | [
"intrahepatic cholestasis",
"lymphoedema"
] | [
"Aagenaes syndrome, also called lymphoedema cholestasis syndrome 1 (LSC1), is characterized by neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis, often lessening and becoming intermittent with age and severe chronic lymphoedema, mainly affecting the lower extremities. ",
"In this study, 17 out of 20 Norweigian adult patients wit... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19498211",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23626552",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10968776",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25039919",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9350821",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24086631",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:6691",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012816"
] |
58a2fac960087bc10a000009 | list | Which are the side effects during tacrine administration in patients with Alzheimer's Disease? | [
"The side effects during tacrine administration in patients with Alzheimer's Disease are:\r\n1) Hepatotoxicity\r\n2) Gastrointestinal (diarrhea, anorexia, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting)\r\n3) Mitochondrial impairement"
] | [
"Hepatotoxicity",
"Gastrointestinal",
"diarrhea",
"anorexia",
"dyspepsia",
"abdominal pain",
"nausea",
"vomiting",
"anorexia",
"Mitochondrial impairement"
] | [
"Tacrine, the first of the cholinesterase inhibitors to undergo extensive trials for this purpose, was associated with significant adverse effects including hepatotoxicity.",
"Tacrine and its analogues impair mitochondrial function and bioenergetics: a lipidomic analysis in rat brain.",
"However, its low therap... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9808364",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22034058",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9226744",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9408186",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17883890",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8237620",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000544",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#:4274748",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4274748",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D01361... |
58a8962338c171fb5b000007 | yesno | Is synapsin a phosphoprotein? | [
"Yes, synapsin is an evolutionarily conserved presynaptic phosphoprotein."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Synapsin is an evolutionarily conserved presynaptic phosphoprotein.",
"Synapsins as a family of presynaptic terminal phosphoprotein participates in neuronal development",
"Synapsin III (SynIII) is a phosphoprotein",
"The neuronal phosphoprotein synapsin III",
"Synapsin II is a member of the neuronal phosph... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26425441",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26400944",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25843720",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25576091",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26538647",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25972175",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
58a0d87a78275d0c4a000053 | yesno | Is Thalidomide currently a marketed drug? | [
"Several mechanisms for the teratogenic action of thalidomide are currently under review, but this mode of action of the drug still remains unclear and we review evidence-based hypotheses for the teratogenicity of thalidomide. Thalidomide is considered the drug of choice for the treatment of ENL, but for other cond... | [
"yes"
] | [
"In this retrospective study, pharmacy claims were analyzed for those patients with a diagnosis of MM who received thalidomide,",
"The Japanese POEMS syndrome with Thalidomide (J-POST) Trial is a phase II/III multicentre, double-blinded, randomised, controlled trial that aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety o... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11604049",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26652728",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10512502",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9987477",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22650376",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11558112",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [] |
589c215778275d0c4a00003c | list | Which enzymes synthesize catecholamines in adrenal glands? | [
"The enzymes that synthesize catecholamines in adrenal glands are:\n1) Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH)\n2) Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD)\n3) Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH)\n4) Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT)"
] | [
"Tyrosine Hydroxylase",
"TH",
"Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase",
"AAAD",
"AADC",
"DDC",
"Dopamine β-hydroxylase",
"DBH",
"Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase",
"PNMT"
] | [
"We analyzed the mRNA levels of catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes: tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD), dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) in adrenal glands of 18 pigs with chronic systolic non-ischaemic HF (tachycardia-induced cardiomyo... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23508458",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12573802",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2427537",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20634527",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23903565",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8105763",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000311",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002395",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000302",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/me... |
58a9c532396a458e50000002 | factoid | How many cysteines have alpha-defensins? | [
"Alpha defensins contain six cysteines, which form three well defined disulfide bridges under oxidizing conditions."
] | [
"Alpha defensins contain six conserved cysteines"
] | [
"Alpha defensins contain six cysteines, which form three well defined disulfide bridges under oxidizing conditions. ",
"All three kinds of defensins have six conserved cysteines",
" There are six cysteines in the sequence of mature CFBD peptide, ",
"They typically contain six conserved cysteines whose three i... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24386139",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24557891",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25970658",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22168415"
] | [] | [] |
58a6bce660087bc10a000029 | yesno | Could BRCA gene test used for breast and ovarian cancer risk? | [
"Yes, BRCA gene test could be used for breast and ovarian cancer risk, as female BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are significantly associated with risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Participation of Korean families at high risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer in BRCA1/2 genetic testing.",
"The prevalence of BRCA1/2 mutations in Korean ovarian cancer patients irrespective of the family history was significantly higher than previously reported. Possible founder mutations in Korean ov... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24698998",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20221693",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18515440",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17394399",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21913181",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901820",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:2394",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:5683",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019313",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D024682"
] |
58a5d7ef60087bc10a000026 | summary | What is Desomorphine? | [
"Desomorphine is an opioid misused as \"crocodile\", a cheaper alternative to heroin Desomorphine is the semi-synthetic opioid claimed to be the main component of krokodil",
"Desomorphine is an opioid misused as \"crocodile\", a cheaper alternative to heroin",
"Desomorphine is the semi-synthetic opioid claimed ... | [] | [
"Desomorphine is the semi-synthetic opioid claimed to be the main component of krokodil",
"Desomorphine is an opioid misused as \"crocodile\", a cheaper alternative to heroin",
"\"Krokodil\" is the street name for the semi-synthetic opioid derivative desomorphine.",
"Desomorphine is an opioid misused as \"cro... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27372715",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23388531",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23244560",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26282512",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25710781",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24650492",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4011470",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#:4011470"
] |
5896deff78275d0c4a000013 | list | Which two drugs are included in the Harvoni pill? | [
"Harvoni contains 400 mg sofosbuvir and 90 mg ledipasvir. It used for treatment of hepatitis C virus infection."
] | [
"sofosbuvir",
"ledipasvir"
] | [
"Will Sofosbuvir/Ledipasvir (Harvoni) Be Cost-Effective and Affordable for Chinese Patients Infected with Hepatitis C Virus?",
"The developed method was applied to the analysis of the two drugs after a single oral administration of Harvoni 400/90 mg film-coated tablets containing 400 mg sofosbuvir and 90 mg ledip... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27480956",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25837989",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25516691",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25859119",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26357632",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26327920",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
58a874c338c171fb5b000003 | summary | What is the result of Mff overexpression in mitochondria? | [
"The Drp1 receptor Mff is a major regulator of mitochondrial fission, and its overexpression results in increased fission."
] | [] | [
"The Drp1 receptor Mff is a major regulator of mitochondrial fission, and its overexpression results in increased fission. ",
"Overexpression of MFF also increases the interaction between DLP1 and Pex11pβ, which knockdown of MFF, but not Fis1, abolishes.",
"whereas Mff overexpression stimulated mitochondrial re... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26446846",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21149567",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24167709"
] | [] | [] |
58a2da4260087bc10a000005 | yesno | Has Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency an X-linked inheritance? | [
"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the commonest red cell enzymopathy in humans and has an X-linked inheritance."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the commonest red cell enzymopathy in humans and has an X-linked inheritance. ",
"This genetic defect shows sex linked inheritance and a marked heterogeneity.",
"G6PD deficiency is the most common enzymopathy in the world. ",
"Study of the deficiency pat... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24865682",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297240",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25189226",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169625",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1953691",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3377761",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005952",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/G6PD_HELPY",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005955",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:2862",
"http://www.uniprot... |
58a3160d60087bc10a00000a | summary | What is FFI, fatal familial insomnia | [
"Familial fatal insomnia (FFI) is a prion disease caused by a mutation (D178N-129M haplotype) in the Prion Protein gene (PRNP). FFI is manifested by sleep disturbances with insomnia, autonomic disorders and spontaneous and evoked myoclonus, among other symptoms. FFI is considered to be a rare disease."
] | [] | [
"Fatal familial insomnia is a rare disease caused by a D178N mutation in combination with methionine (Met) at codon 129 in the mutated allele of PRNP (D178N-129M haplotype).",
"FFI is manifested by sleep disturbances with insomnia, autonomic disorders and spontaneous and evoked myoclonus, among other symptoms",
... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8105681",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25473397",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27943639",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22040318",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12111447",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26074146",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D034062",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0050433"
] |
58a7fb2860087bc10a000034 | list | Which mutated genes are associated with the Tourette's syndrome? | [
"A mutation in histidine decarboxylase (Hdc) gene as well as mutations in the SLITRK1 (Slit and Trk-like 1) gene have been implicated as rare genetic causes of Tourette's syndrome."
] | [
"histidine decarboxylase",
"Hdc",
"Slit and Trk-like 1",
"SLITRK1"
] | [
" A rare genetic form of Tourette syndrome due to L-histidine-decarboxylase mutation, with similar features in human and rodent, has inspired new research on functional anatomy of Tourette syndrome.",
"A mutation in histidine decarboxylase (Hdc), the key enzyme for the biosynthesis of histamine (HA), has been imp... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23825391",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16224024",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18021920",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23990902",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20445167",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25464894",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
5880be1dc872c95565000007 | factoid | Which enzyme is inhibited by niraparib? | [
"Niraparib is a Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitor. It is used for ovarian cancer treatment."
] | [
"Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase"
] | [
"While olaparib is the first PARP inhibitor to receive approval for ovarian cancer treatment, others including rucaparib and niraparib are clearly effective in this disease and, within the next year or two, the results of ongoing randomised trials will clarify their respective roles. ",
"Similar trials with other... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27898364",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26217019",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23810788",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23934192",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27141070",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27614696",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004791",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004789"
] |
587f760792a5b8ad44000005 | factoid | Which peak calling algorithm employs mixture model clustering under the hood? | [
"JAMM (Joint Analysis of NGS replicates via Mixture Model clustering) is a peak finder that can integrate information from biological replicates, determine enrichment site widths accurately and resolve neighboring narrow peaks. JAMM is a universal peak finder that is applicable to different types of datasets."
] | [
"JAMM"
] | [
"We developed JAMM (Joint Analysis of NGS replicates via Mixture Model clustering): a peak finder that can integrate information from biological replicates, determine enrichment site widths accurately and resolve neighboring narrow peaks. JAMM is a universal peak finder that is applicable to different types of data... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25223640"
] | [] | [] |
588fd8f3621ea6ff7e000001 | list | Data from which major epigenome projects are contained in the DeepBlue epigenomic data server? | [
"The DeepBlue Epigenomic Data Server contains data from four major epigenome projects, namely ENCODE, ROADMAP, BLUEPRINT and DEEP."
] | [
"ENCODE",
"ROADMAP",
"BLUEPRINT",
"DEEP"
] | [
"Here we present the DeepBlue Epigenomic Data Server, which streamlines epigenomic data analysis as well as software development. DeepBlue provides a comprehensive programmatic interface for finding, selecting, filtering, summarizing and downloading region sets. It contains data from four major epigenome projects, ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27084938"
] | [] | [] |
58846be0e56acf5176000005 | list | Which diseases that can be treated using the focused ultrasound thalamotomy. | [
"Focused ultrasound thalamotomy is used for treatment of Parkinson disease, essential tremor, obsessive-compulsive disorder and chronic neuropathic pain."
] | [
"Parkinson disease",
"essential tremor",
"obsessive-compulsive disorder",
"chronic neuropathic pain"
] | [
"Besides DBS and standard thalamotomy, novel surgical approaches for ET are on the horizon. The development of MRI-guided focused ultrasound technique has been the new frontier of deep brain lesional therapies.",
"132 A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Transcranial Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26382842",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25438838",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27822200",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24291848",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25343176",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25512869",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D057086"
] |
58a341a660087bc10a000017 | yesno | Is the toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum always deadly? | [
"There are numerous examples where children and animals survived infection with clostridium botulinum."
] | [
"no"
] | [
"Animals treated with trace elements recovered. It appears that intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and trace element deficiency could explain the extensive emergence of chronic Botulism.",
"The patient was treated with human botulism immune globulin and had rapid recovery in weakness. A stool sample from the patient... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12926199",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20173718",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23871478",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26866491",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24997242",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15244362",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001905",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:11976"
] |
588fa4b9ed9bbee70d000006 | yesno | Is ocrelizumab effective for treatment of multiple sclerosis? | [
"Yes, ocrelizumab is effective for primary progressive form of multiple sclerosis."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
" Advances made in immunomodulation are driving the progress being made in the treatment of MS. Ocrelizumab is the first treatment with positive results in the primarily progressive forms and tocilizumab, a drug product for rheumatoid arthritis, stands out as a potential candidate for the treatment of neuromyelitis... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27270678",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21341224",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24494635",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27116720",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22047971",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25887773",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4002285",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009103",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:2377"
] |
58837dd72305cd7e21000003 | summary | Elaborate on the role of CARMEN in cardiac specification. | [
"CARMEN, (CAR)diac (M)esoderm (E)nhancer-associated (N)oncoding RNA, is a human super enhancer-associated long noncoding RNA controlling cardiac specification, differentiation and homeostasis. CARMEN exhibits RNA-dependent enhancing activity and is upstream of the cardiac mesoderm-specifying gene regulatory network... | [] | [
"CARMEN, a human super enhancer-associated long noncoding RNA controlling cardiac specification, differentiation and homeostasis.",
"One of the most upregulated lncRNAs was a SE-associated lncRNA that was named CARMEN, (CAR)diac (M)esoderm (E)nhancer-associated (N)oncoding RNA. CARMEN exhibits RNA-dependent enhan... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26423156"
] | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:2000043",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0060912"
] |
58848a13e56acf517600000d | yesno | Is there a role of regorafenib for sarcoma treatment? | [
"Yes, there is evidence to suggest that regorafenib can be effective for sarcoma treatment. Clinical trials are under-way."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Regorafenib has been approved for third-line therapy.",
"Study protocol of REGOSARC trial: activity and safety of regorafenib in advanced soft tissue sarcoma: a multinational, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase II trial.",
"DISCUSSION: The design of this trial allows an assessment of regorafenib activity ov... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24266804",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26266019",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25301268",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27751846",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26907871",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24756792",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1115",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012509",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012380"
] |
589a246078275d0c4a00002a | factoid | Which drug was tested in the TEMSO Trial for multiple sclerosis? | [
"Teriflunomide was evaluated in the Teriflunomide Multiple Sclerosis Oral (TEMSO) trial."
] | [
"Teriflunomide"
] | [
"Long-term safety and efficacy of teriflunomide: Nine-year follow-up of the randomized TEMSO study.",
"OBJECTIVE: To report safety and efficacy outcomes from up to 9 years of treatment with teriflunomide in an extension (NCT00803049) of the pivotal phase 3 Teriflunomide Multiple Sclerosis Oral (TEMSO) trial (NCT0... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21991951",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24321165",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23852658",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27937746",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26944956",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22723573",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017428",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009103",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:2377"
] |
58962dac78275d0c4a000005 | summary | What is the mechanism of action of peginesatide? | [
"Peginesatide (Omontys) is synthetic, PEGylated, peptide-based erythropoiesis-stimulating agent that is designed to specifically stimulate the erythropoietin receptor. It was recalled because of serious side-effects including cases of death."
] | [] | [
"The erythropoietin-mimetic peptide (EMP) peginesatide belongs to the group of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) that are prohibited when misused in sports. Peginesatide is a synthetic pegylated homodimer of two cyclic 21-amino acid chains. ",
"Epo mimetic peptides have also raised expectations. Yet the pr... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22406924",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24748667",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24905967",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23840463",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27551882",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22935486",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
5891869b621ea6ff7e00000c | summary | Describe mechanism of action of Eteplirsen? | [
"Eteplirsen (Exondys 51) is an antisense oligonucleotide designed to induce exon 51 skipping. Eteplirsen is approved for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in patients with a confirmed mutation of the DMD gene amenable to exon 51 skipping."
] | [] | [
"Eteplirsen (Exondys 51) is an antisense oligonucleotide designed to induce exon 51 skipping that is developed by Sarepta Therapeutics. Intravenous eteplirsen has received accelerated approval from the US FDA for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in patients with a confirmed mutation of the DMD gen... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27807823",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27854228",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22086232",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27936976",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23907995",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26573217",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
58839d892305cd7e21000006 | list | Which genes of the marmoset genome exhibit rapid sequence evolution? | [
"Both protein-coding and microRNA genes related to reproduction exhibit evidence of rapid sequence evolution in the marmoset genome."
] | [
"protein-coding genes related to reproduction",
"microRNA genes related to reproduction"
] | [
"We observed positive selection in growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor genes (growth pathways), respiratory complex I genes (metabolic pathways), and genes encoding immunobiological factors and proteases (reproductive and immunity pathways). In addition, both protein-coding and microRNA genes related to repro... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25038751"
] | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019143",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005075",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019020"
] |
58a3261e60087bc10a00000c | summary | What is the importance of Janus Kinases in dermatology? | [
"Janus Kinase (JAK) is active in many skin diseases and recent evidence show that inhibitors of JAK kinase could be used to treat vitiligo, psoriasis, lupus, alopecia areata and other inflammatory skin diseases.",
"Tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor, is being investigated as a treatment for moderate-to-s... | [] | [
"Tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor, is being investigated as a treatment for moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis",
"Taken together, our results provided new evidence for the effectiveness of EGCG in vitiligo treatment and supported JAK2 as a molecular target for vitiligo medicine development.",
... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12794134",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27692733",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24825142",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24131352",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8022486",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26800231",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [] |
58a2df9c60087bc10a000006 | factoid | What is the incidence of beta-thalassemia in Greek population? | [
"The incidence of beta-thalassemia trait is 8% in Greek population."
] | [
"8%"
] | [
"Hemoglobinopathies are very common in Greece, the incidence of beta-thalassemia trait being 8% and that of sickle cell trait ranging from 1 to 32% in various districts.",
"No statistically significant differences were found in the frequency of beta-thalassaemia trait between control subjects (8.49%) and the whol... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7590514",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12091129",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1620378"
] | [] | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:10241",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:12241",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013789",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011153",
"htt... |
587f5d6492a5b8ad44000003 | yesno | Is exon skipping correlated with exon circularization? | [
"Yes. Circularization of exons is widespread and correlates with exon skipping, a feature that adds considerably to the regulatory complexity of the human transcriptome."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Exon Skipping Is Correlated with Exon Circularization",
"We find that circularization of exons is widespread and correlates with exon skipping, a feature that adds considerably to the regulatory complexity of the human transcriptome",
"Exon Skipping Is Correlated with Exon Circularization.",
"We find that ci... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25728652"
] | [] | [] |
5880aef4c872c95565000001 | factoid | What is the target of daratumumab? | [
"Daratumumab is a fully human anti-CD38 IgG1-κ monoclonal antibody. It is approved for treatment of multiple myeloma."
] | [
"CD38"
] | [
"Dominantly daratumumab (anti-CD38) and elotuzumab (anti-CS1) showed extraordinary effectiveness in phase I/II trials.",
"In the last few weeks, the FDA approved three new therapies for multiple myeloma: ixazomib, the first oral proteasome inhibitor; and daratumumab and elotuzumab, two monoclonal antibodies that ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24471924",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21109694",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25626316",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24971019",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27195659",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26812873",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
58a872bd38c171fb5b000002 | factoid | Which gene-defect causes the Vel-blood type? | [
"A cohort of 70 Vel- individuals was found to be uniformly homozygous for a 17 nucleotide deletion in the coding sequence of SMIM"
] | [
"a 17 nucleotide deletion"
] | [
"A cohort of 70 Vel- individuals was found to be uniformly homozygous for a 17 nucleotide deletion in the coding sequence of SMIM1.",
"The SMIM1 protein carries the Vel blood group antigen, and homozygosity for a 17 bp deletion in the coding region of the SMIM1 gene represents the molecular basis of the Vel- bloo... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26732700",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23505126"
] | [] | [] |
58a5b01760087bc10a000023 | yesno | Is NADPH oxidase 5 expressed in rodents? | [
"No, NADPH oxidase 5 is not expressed in rodents, because the gene is absent."
] | [
"no"
] | [
"Because the Nox5 gene is absent in rodents, we generated transgenic mice expressing human Nox5 in a podocyte-specific manner (Nox5(pod+)). ",
"The NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) gene is present in humans but not rodents. ",
"The data document that the NOX5 gene was expressed in cells of lagomorphs unlike rodents, maki... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22511941",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17612411",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24262797",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17400358",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25415612",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24688893"
] | [] | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4270191",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NOX5_HUMAN",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019255"
] |
58919aad621ea6ff7e00000d | list | List selective estrogen receptor degraders. | [
"Selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERD) are fulvestrant, RAD1901 and ARN-810. Fulvestrant is the only SERD approved for the treatment of breast cancer."
] | [
"fulvestrant",
"RAD1901",
"ARN-810"
] | [
"For women with hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer, endocrine therapies, including the selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen, the aromatase inhibitors anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, and the selective estrogen receptor degrader fulvestrant, are recommended in clinical guidelines.",
... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21501600",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25609068",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27005559",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25879485",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27178332",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26289836",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011960"
] |
5889f0ed3b87a8a73800000c | summary | What is the role of ZNF335 in microcephaly? | [
"Znf335 null mice are embryonically lethal, and conditional knockout leads to severely reduced cortical size. RNA-interference and postmortem human studies show that ZNF335 is essential for neural progenitor self-renewal, neurogenesis, and neuronal differentiation.",
"Microcephaly gene links trithorax and REST/NR... | [] | [
"Microcephaly gene links trithorax and REST/NRSF to control neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation.",
"Znf335 null mice are embryonically lethal, and conditional knockout leads to severely reduced cortical size. RNA-interference and postmortem human studies show that ZNF335 is essential for neural pro... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23178126",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27540107"
] | [] | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ZN335_RAT",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ZN335_HUMAN",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:10907",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ZN335_MOUSE",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008831"
] |
5884c72fe56acf517600000f | factoid | What molecule is targeted by Avelumab? | [
"Avelumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)."
] | [
"programmed death-ligand 1",
"PD-L1"
] | [
"Several drugs targeting PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) or PD-L1 (atezolizumab, durvalumab, and avelumab) have been approved or are in the late stages of development.",
"We then focus on the recent breakthrough work concerning the structural basis of the PD-1/PD-Ls interaction and how therapeutic antibodies, ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27172898",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27350882",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26921031",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26014098",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27815822",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27544053",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
5880acbb0a76a87357000003 | summary | What are the exonic splice enhancers? | [
"In mammals there is a bias in amino acid usage near splice sites that is explained, in large part, by the high density of exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs) in these regions. Exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs) activate pre-mRNA splicing by promoting the use of the flanking splice sites. Some of these variants may have... | [] | [
"In humans, much of the information specifying splice sites is not at the splice site. Exonic splice enhancers are one of the principle non-splice site motifs. Four high-throughput studies have provided a compendium of motifs that function as exonic splice enhancers, but only one, RESCUE-ESE, has been generally emp... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24359918"
] | [] | [] |
58a989571978bbde22000002 | summary | What are the birth defects associated with Zika-virus infection? | [
"Although the full spectrum of adverse reproductive outcomes caused by Zika virus infection is not yet determined, a distinctive phenotype-the congenital Zika syndrome-has emerged. Zika virus infection during pregnancy is a cause of microcephaly and other severe birth defects."
] | [] | [
"the first time after the discovery of ZIKV, the Brazilian scientists are studying the possibility for the virus to cause severe congenital infection related to microcephaly and serious birth defects due to the time-spatial coincidence of the alarming increase of newborns with microcephaly and the Brazilian ZIKV ep... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27032458",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27293547",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27052792",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27366760",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27279226",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27032431",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
589afa6978275d0c4a000039 | summary | What is Neisseria adhesin A? | [
"Neisseria adhesin A (NadA) is one of the antigens of Bexsero, the recently licensed multicomponent vaccine against serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis (MenB). NadA belongs to the class of oligomeric coiled-coil adhesins and is able to mediate adhesion and invasion of human epithelial cells. As a vaccine antigen, Na... | [] | [
"Exploiting chimeric human antibodies to characterize a protective epitope of Neisseria adhesin A, one of the Bexsero vaccine components.",
"Neisseria adhesin A (NadA) is one of the antigens of Bexsero, the recently licensed multicomponent vaccine against serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis (MenB). NadA belongs to... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27452726",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19401383",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19356620",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19290916",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23717687",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26232542",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009343",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009345"
] |
5880a8ec0a76a87357000001 | factoid | Which R package is used for the detection of chromosomal abnormalities from microarray data? | [
"CAFE is an R package for the detection of gross chromosomal abnormalities from gene expression microarray data."
] | [
"CAFE"
] | [
"CAFE: an R package for the detection of gross chromosomal abnormalities from gene expression microarray data",
"CAFE: an R package for the detection of gross chromosomal abnormalities from gene expression microarray data.",
"It is implemented as an R package that analyzes Affymetrix *.CEL files and comes with ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24451624"
] | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D025063",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D043171",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002869",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/me... |
587d2700fe8a08052f000001 | list | List all the available databases of super enhancers | [
"dbSUPER and SEA are the available databases of super enhancers.",
"dbSUPER and SEA are the most well-known and widely used Super-Enhancer Databases."
] | [
"dbSUPER",
"SEA"
] | [
"dbSUPER: a database of super-enhancers in mouse and human genome",
"We developed dbSUPER (http://bioinfo.au.tsinghua.edu.cn/dbsuper/), the first integrated and interactive database of super-enhancers, with the primary goal of providing a resource for assistance in further studies related to transcriptional contr... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26438538",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26578594"
] | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D030561",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019991",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009696"
] |
58a2efec60087bc10a000008 | list | Which are the consequences of the hyperphosphorylated tau in Alzheimers' Disease? | [
"The consequences of the hyperphosphorylated tau in Alzheimers' Disease is:\n1) The formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs)\n2) Impaired glutamate metabolism\n3) Decreased tau affinity for microtubules binding\n4) Dendritic and axonal instability\n5) Synaptic degeneration\n6) Neuronal loss."
] | [
"Neurofibrillary tangles formatio",
"NFTs",
"NFT formation",
"Impaired glutamate metabolism",
"Decreased affinity for microtubules binding",
"Dendritic instability",
"Axonal instability",
"Synaptic degeneration",
"Neuronal loss"
] | [
"The formation of neurofibrillary tangles from the assembly of hyperphosphorylated tau leads to dendritic and axonal instability, synaptic degeneration, and neuronal loss. ",
"Glutamate metabolism is impaired in transgenic mice with tau hyperphosphorylation.",
"In neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer'... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23640887",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20942790",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10214944",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24448785",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22315694",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7666054",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016875",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TAU_HUMAN",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000544",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:10652",
"http://www.uniprot... |
58aa0c6f396a458e50000008 | factoid | Which is the "bonding hormone"? | [
"Oxytocin is known as the 'bonding hormone' due its role in promoting mother-child and pair bonding."
] | [
"Oxytocin"
] | [
"The neurohypophysial hormone oxytocin (OXT) and its receptor (OXTR) have critical roles in the regulation of pro-social behaviors, including social recognition, pair bonding, parental behavior, and stress-related responses.",
"Neuropeptide hormone oxytocin has roles in social bonding, energy metabolism, and woun... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24430853",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26025428",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27825953",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25619431",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26442453"
] | [] | [] |
58a5d54860087bc10a000025 | summary | What causes Scurvy? | [
" Scurvy, or \"Barlow's disease\", is a widely described disease involving cutaneous and mucosal lesions resulting from vitamin C deficiency.",
"Scurvy, or \"Barlow's disease\", is a widely described disease resulting from vitamin C deficiency"
] | [] | [
"They presented with limp, and an elaborate panel of tests and procedures were undertaken before the diagnosis of scurvy was made. Treatment with vitamin C led to rapid recovery of symptoms. ",
" Scurvy, or \"Barlow's disease\", is a widely described disease involving cutaneous and mucosal lesions resulting from ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11581484",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26144910",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15949874",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8942253",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27502755",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23734160",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012614",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:13724"
] |
5895fc7e78275d0c4a000003 | summary | Describe clinical presentation of Ambras syndrome. | [
"Ambras syndrome is a distinct form of congenital hypertrichosis characterized by excessive hair growth over the body and face associated with facial and occasional dental anomalies. In patients with this syndrome, the whole body is covered with fine long hair, except for areas where normally no hair grows. There i... | [] | [
"In 1993, Baumister et al. described congenital hypertrichosis lanuginose or Ambras syndrome: a distinct form of congenital hypertrichosis characterized by excessive hair growth over the body and face associated with facial and occasional dental anomalies. ",
"Ambras syndrome (AS) is a rare form of congenital hyp... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18328202",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12053598",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18713754",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8275569",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15305058",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27080973",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [] |
58a45d6060087bc10a00001d | list | Which diseases are involved in the severe cutaneous reactions (SCAR) spectrum? | [
"The diseases that are involved in the severe cutaneous reactions (SCAR) spectrum are:\n1) Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)\n2) Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)\n3) Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP)."
] | [
"Stevens-Johnson syndrome",
"SJS",
"Toxic epidermal necrolysis",
"TEN",
"Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis",
"AGEP"
] | [
"Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are diseases within the spectrum of severe cutaneous adverse reactions affecting skin and mucous membranes. ",
"Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens Johnson Syndrome (SJS) are severe adverse cutaneous drug reactions that predominantly in... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27779083",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27106261",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23136927",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23551241",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20541690",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7636511",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [] |
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