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Isimunyuci siwumzwayi womgcezitho omqoka kakhulu ezinsebenzweni eziningi zempilo, kungaba ngokuqhogoya insebenzo ngokwayo (isimunyuci esingashayeleli) noma ngokwakha uhlaka lokukhiqiza izakhamzimba (isimunyuci esithunywayo). Isimunyuci kanye nolibofuzo zombili ziyizimunyundeni. Izimunyundeni zakha ingxenye eyodwa kwezine zemizwayikhulu emqoka kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuphila.
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Okulandelayo uhlu losihlalo be- Football Club Internazionale Milano .
Umongameli wokuqala womlando we-Inter Milan kwakunguGiovanni Paramithiotti, owayengomunye wabasunguli beqembu. UParamithiotti walandelwa u-Ettore Strauss ngonyaka owodwa kamuva kulandela isinqumo esivela kubangane beqembu.
Umongameli othathe isikhathi eside kunabo bonke kwaba nguMassimo Moratti, owathenga iklabhu ku- Ernesto Pellegrini ngo-1995 UMorati wasebenza ngokuqhubekayo njengomongameli kusukela ngo-1995 kuya ku-2013, ngokusula okubili kulolu hlelo: okokuqala ngoMeyi 2009, wahoxisa uJulayi olandelayo, futhi okwesibili kusukela ngoJanuwari 2004 kuya kuNovemba 2006, lapho indima yanikezwa khona. UGiacinto Facchetti kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe.
Ubumongameli bukaMassimo Moratti buphinde banqoba kakhulu emlandweni weqembu, wawina izindebe eziyi-16 kusukela ngo-1998 kuya ku-2011 okuhlanganisa nezicoco ezinhlanu zeSerie A, ezine Coppa Italia, ezintathu Supercoppa Italiana, UEFA Cup eyodwa, eyodwa Champions League, neyodwa FIFA INdebe Yomhlaba Yeqembu . Umongameli wesibili owanqoba kakhulu kwakungekayise kaMassimo Moratti, u-Angelo, owayeyinhloko yeqembu kusukela ngo-1955 kuya ku-1968, ewina izicoco ezintathu ze-Serie A, ama-Champions League amabili, nezindebe ezimbili ze-Intercontinental .
Isikhathi sikaMorati saphetha ngo-2013, lapho iqembu lithengwa kwezomabhizinisi wase-Indonesia u-Erik Thohir, owaba ngumongameli wokuqala wangaphandle we-Inter Milan.. Ngo-2018, uThohir wathengisa iqembu kuSteven Zhang, owakubamba umongameli omncane kunabo bonke, bese kwabe kukhona nomongameli wangaphandle kwesinye isikhathi ngaphandle kweqembu ukunqoba indebe
Uhlu losihlalo
Izithenjwa
Izixhumanisi zangaphandle
Uhlu losihlalo be-Inter Milan kwa-Inter.it
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( ), evame ukubizwa ngokuthi AC Milan ( ) noma umane uMilan ( ), iyiklabhu yebhola ekhokhelwayo eMilan, Italy, eyasungulwa ngo-1899. Ikilabhu isebenzisa wonke umlando wayo, ngaphandle kwesizini ka-1980-81 kanye neka-1982-83, endizini ephezulu yebhola lase-Italy, elaziwa ngokuthi ngeSerie A kusukela ngo-1929-30.<ref name="history">
Izindondo ezingu-18 ze-AC Milan ze-FIFA ne-UEFA zingezezingeni eziphakeme kunamanye amaqembu (kuzo kuhlalwe neBoca Juniors), futhi ziningi kuzo kuqembu lase-Italy.. IMilan inqoba izinketho ezintathu ze-Intercontinental Cup kanye ne-FIFA Club World Cup eyodwa, izicoco ezihlanganyelwe ze-European Cup / Champions League (okuqala ekhophiwe lase-Italy), i-UEFA Super Cup ezicoco ezifakelwe izikhathi ezintathu kanye ne-Cup Winners' Cup ezicoco ezimbili.. Ngeziqu ze-19 ze-league, iMilan ibandakanyeke njengeqembu lesibili eliphumelela kakhulu ku-Seria A nezimbangi zendawo i-Inter Milan (futhi eneziqu ze-leag ezingu-19), ngemuva kwe-Juventus (iziqu ze-League ezingu-36). Baphinde banqobe i-Copa Italia izikhathi ezinhlanu, kanye ne-Supercoppa Italiana izikhathi eziyisikhombisa.
Imidlalo yasekhaya kaMilan idlalwa eSan Siro, eyaziwa nangokuthi iStadio Giuseppe Meazza. Le nkundla, eyakhiwa usihlalo wesibili kaMilan uPireo Pirelli ngo-1926 futhi yabelwa kusukela ngo-1947 nezimbangi zedolobha i-Internazionale., iyona enkulu kunazo zonke ebholeni lase-Italy, enekhono eliphelele le-75,817. Banombango osunesikhathi eside bebhekene ne-Inter, abagijima nayo iDerby della Madonnina okungelinye lama-derby alandelwa kakhulu ebholeni.
Ikilabhu ingelinye lamazwe acebe kakhulu ebholeni lase-Italy nelomhlaba. Bekuyilungu elisungule leqembu elingasekho i-G-14 lamakilabhu ebhola ahamba phambili e-Europe kanye nokungena esikhundleni salo, i- European Club Association .
Izithenjwa
(in Italian, English, and Chinese)
AC Milan at Serie A (in English and Italian)
AC Milan at UEFA
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IsinTsazayiya yinhlwa yevanga enophawu Ti kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-22.
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UVathofi uyinhlwa yevanga enophawu V kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-23.
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IBhohombi liyinhlwa yevanga elumbanisiwe enophawu BH kanye nenani lobuchwe eliyi-107.
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Uma kukhulunywa ngenhlwa elumbanisiwe kukhulunywa ngenye yezinhlwa zevanga ezingama-24 ezaziwayo ukuthi azitholakali ngokwemvelo emhlabeni: lezi zikhandwe ngobuchule bomuntu bokulumba izinhlayiyana eziyisiseko esebenzisa isiyonzi senuzi (nuclear reactor), isiKhawulezisi sezinhlayiyana (particle accelerator), noma ukuqhuma kwesiqhumani seChwe; ngaleyondlela, kuthiwa "zilumbaniswe", "zikhandiwe" njll. Lezi zinhlwa ezilumbanisiwe yilezo ezinenani lobuchwe eliqala ngama-95 kuya kwi-118, njengoba zivezwe ngombala osansomi ecansini lezinhlwa eliveziwe: lezi zinhlwa ezingama-24 zaqala ukukhandwa phakathi kweminyaka yowe-1944 nowezi-2010. Inqubo yokudala inhlwa elumbanisiwe ihilela ukugxishela ngezinelesi ezengeziwe enuzini lenhlwa enenani lobuchwe elingaphansi kwama-95. Zonke izinhlwa ezilumbanisiwe ezaziwayo azizinzile, kunalokho ziyabucuka kuye ngamazinga wazo angafani: izimpilo-sigamu zamaChembe wazo aphile isikhathi eside ayahluka kusuka kumzuzwanancinci kuya ezigidinga zeminyaka.
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IDamasimbi yinhlwa yevanga enophawu Ds kanye nenani lobuchwe eliyi-110.
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UmNihombi yinhlwa yevanga elumbanisiwe enophawu Nh kanye nenani lobuchwe eliyi-113.
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UmGambana uyinhlwa yevanga enophawu u-Ga kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-31. Wavubukulwa ngonyaka we-1875, umgambana uyingxenye yeqembu le-13 ecansini lezinhlwa futhi lufana nezinye izinkimbi zalelo qembu (isAlumbe, inzulumbi nomThohla).
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UmThohla uyinhlwa yevanga enophawu Tl kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-81.
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Isibabuli siyinhlwa yevanga enophawu S kanye nenani lobuchwe eliyi-16.
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UmKhathofi uyinhlwa yevanga enophawu Cd kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-48.
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IShambe liyinhlwa yevanga enophawu u-Ce kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama- 58.
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INdalamhonyambi iyinhlwa yevanga enophawu Nd kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-60.
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UmPhahlazambi uyinhlwa yevanga enophawu Pr kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-59.
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UmDubumbi uyinhlwa yevanga elumbanisiwe enophawu Db kanye nenani lobuchwe eliyi-105.
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UmDanyathofi uyinhlwa yevanga enophawu u-D kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-66.
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I-Whey protein iyinhloko yeprothini ecelwa ngokwenziwa kwawo ngesichitho esikhanyayo sokwenza isibindi somhlaba, etholakala njengombiko wemali engakaze kube ngowokwenza ubisi. I-prothini zikhona i-α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, i-serum albumin kanye ne-immunoglobulins. I-Glycomacropeptide ikhona futhi isisebenziswe njengomkhiqizo wezigaba zesine, kodwa akuyona yeprothini. I-Whey protein kumele iqinisekise njengemkhiqizo wemfuzo yeprothini, futhi khona imiyalo yemindeni emikhulu ephambili kwaso. Uhlu lwezincwadi olukhombisa 2010 kwi-European Food Safety Authority Journal lwavumela ukuthi inkulumo edingekayo ayinikwa ikholwa lombiko. Ngokokuthi ingozi yemisipha, I-Whey protein ibonisa ukuthi iyatholakala kangcono kumathiphu aphikisayo wemfuzo yeprothini, njengoba ikhona I-casein noma isoy.
Ukwenziwa kwe-whey
Ukwenziwa kwe-whey kubuya uma umlilo usele waphakathi uma kuqashulwe ubisi ngenkathi ukwenza ubelele, kanye nezinto zonke ezibonakalayo ezizikhanyisiwe kwibisi ngemuva kokubayisha i-pH kuya ku-4.6 ngenkathi kwenziwa ubelele. Kungukwengeza yezinye i-5% yelactose ngamanzi kanye nezithakazelo zokunyakaza zibisi kanye nezinsimbi zokunyakaza. Inkampani yangaphambili kuyenza ngokuthula ukucikidwa, noma isici seprothini sokuqinisekisa kubalwa yilactose, izinsimbi kanye nezinto ezikhiqizwe ezikungapheliyo ezizinsimbi. Isikhombisa, ukulungiswa kwezimembwembe kuyotholakala izinsimbi ngezinsimbi, i-lactose kanye nezizwe ezifileyo ezindawo ezindawo ezizodwa ezisondelayo.
Ukucikidwa kwe-whey kungashintsha ngokukhishwa. Ukucikidwa okukhulu (njengoba kwenziwe ezindaweni ezenzakalelayo ezenzakalelayo ngaphansi kwezinsimbi ezincane ngenxa yokuphakama kwe-72 °C ezinethiwele ngokufezekisa) kucikisa izinsimbi zewhey. Ngesikhathi ukuphakama kwe-whey protein yangaphambili akukhombisi ukuncikiswa uma kwenziwa umsele kanye nokuthunyelwa kombilisela noma uthutha i-bisi, ukucikiswa kweprothini kwe-whey kugxila izinhlamvu ze-protein ezine, futhi kushintsha umbilisela we-protein.
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Amashumi esipeptayidi kuyinkambu enkulu yezizinto zasemanzini ezinolunye ngamakhubedu ezibandakanya ngezibophezelo zepeptide. Umphandela wewu-polipeptayidi ngumqondo ongakhokheli, ozungeza ngendlela ejwayelekile yokuzikhandakhazela. Amashumi esandulela ukuya ezingamakhulu abaphozi basekhaya ngabathengisi ngokumkhawulela yabadlali bezindawo. Izindulela ezifanayo nezikhulu ezingaphezu kuka-20 zasepeptayidi zingamagama okuthola umkhawulo, kuzobanzima zibe ngabavimba, izindulela ezintathu, nesindulela ye-tetrapeptide.
Amashumi esipeptayidi avela phansi kwezingozi ezinamkhawulo, izingebi zemvelo, izingebi zezinye, izingebi zezinsimbi, kanye nezingebi ezinjalo.
Amashumi esandulela aveza ngomsebenzi wezezinto zasemanzini ozinikwa ngendlela yobudlelwane, kumele athambise ku-ligand ezindaweni ezifanayo njengama-coenzyme kanye ne-cofactor, kubalwa phansi komphandela wasepeptayidi okanye izindawo ezintathu ze-macromolecule njengoba kusayiniswa kwemvelo njengoba kusayiniswa ngeDNA kanye neRNA]], okanye kuzinkulungwane zezinkulungwane ezinjalo.
Amino acids okufanele bakhombisele emazingeni amashumi esipeptayidi azithengiselwa ngemvume.ezilwanyana. I-umlozi lusebenza ekuzikhandeni kwezinsimbi zokudlela. Zonke izipeptayidi nje ezifana namashumi esandulela azinayo i-N-terminal (umlando wesinye isithakazelo) kanye ne-C-terminal (umlando wosinye isithakazelo) owukuphela kokuqala kwepeptayidi (njengokuboniswa kwetetrapeptide esihogweni).
Izinhlelo zokubhala
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U-Arbutin (IPA: [ˌɑrˈbutɪn]), iglycoside ye hydroquinone ebukhishwe kwezityalo ezintsha zemithi yemithi yebearberry ekwakhelwe kwi genus Arctostaphylos, phakathi kwemithi yezemithi eziningi ezihlukene, ngokwesiko yeEricaceae njengokwazo. Kwihepha, iyokugqugquzela ityrosinase futhi ngalokho ibophelela indlela yokubumba kwe melanin. Njengendlela yokubumba umhlahlandlela wezomhlaba wokwehlukahluka, U-Arbutin kumele isetshenziselwe njengegalelo lokukhanya ikhambi. Kunenkathi encane kakhulu ye-Arbutin ekutholakalweni kwiwheat, pear izindezi, kanye nezinye izindawo zokudla eziningi. Kuyakhiwa kwenziwa futhi kwiViburnum opulus futhi kwiBergenia crassifolia. Arbutin futhi wayenziwa ngezimo yokubomba iSchisandra chinensis.
Ikhona izinyanga ezindala zasebudokotini, i-Bearberry, enazo i-Arbutin, ihlukene ngokuthi yisiza esizalwa nge urinary tract infection.
Ikhambi lokukhanya ingozi
Ukucwala i-Bearberry kwisetshenziselwa ezamabhunu okukhanya ikhambi ezimelwe ukusetshenziswa kahle kanye nokuzungezileka okuphelele. Yisiza esetshenziselwa kakhulu ekhambi lokukhanya okusetshenziswayo, i-Arbutin ifaka inani elikhulu kunamathuluzi angama-300 μg/mL abo babolekwe ezimeleni zehuman melanocytes kubalulekile kakhulu i-tyrosinase nangokuvamile ithuluzi lomelanin ngaphandle kwamathizo alula yokuphila.
Amaphutha
U-Arbutin ungu glucoside we hydroquinone, futhi kungaba nezinqumo ezithile zeqhwa. Kodwa kunezingxenye ezibeka ukuthi i-Arbutin iyathuthukisa inhlanhla yokugula. I-German Institute of Food Research kwa Potsdam ibonisa ukuthi izinzululwazi ezindala zingakulungiswa ukuthi i-intestinal bacteria izingenelela i-Arbutin ingashintsha ihydroquinone, okuyisiphi isimo esiphezulu sikhuthazo sabantu abakhubazekile.
Funda kabanzi
Ferulic acid
Taxifolin
Izilimi
Phenol glucosides
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Umseshi ungumseshi, ngokuvamile oyilungu lesikhungo somthetho . Bavamele ukuqoqa ulwazi lokuxazulula ubugebengu ngokukhuluma nofakazi kanye nezimpimpi, ukuqoqa ubufakazi obuphathekayo, noma ukusesha amarekhodi kusizindalwazi. Lokhu kuholela ekutheni babophe izigilamkhuba futhi zikwazi ukugwetshwa enkantolo. Umseshi angasebenzela amaphoyisa noma ngasese .
Ngokweqile, futhi ikakhulukazi endabeni eqanjiwe, umphenyi ungumuntu onelayisensi noma ongenalayisense oxazulula ubugebengu, okuhlanganisa ubugebengu bomlando, ngokuhlola nokuhlola imikhondo namarekhodi omuntu siqu ukuze embule ubunikazi kanye/noma ukuthi bakuphi izigebengu
Kweminye iminyango yamaphoyisa isikhundla sobuseshi sitholakala ngokuphasa isivivinyo esibhalwe phansi ngemva kokuba umuntu eseqede izidingo zokuba yiphoyisa . Kwezinye izinhlelo eziningi zamaphoyisa, abaseshi bangabantu abaphothule ekolishi abajoyina ngokuqondile impilo yabantu ngaphandle kokusebenza njengamaphoyisa agqoke umfaniswano. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi abaseshi benza umsebenzi ohluke ngokuphelele ngakho-ke badinga ukuqeqeshwa okuhluke ngokuphelele, iziqu, izimfanelo, namakhono kunamaphoyisa agqoke umfaniswano. Olunye uhlangothi luthi umseshi osebenze njengephoyisa eligqoke umfaniswano uzophumelela njengomphenyi ozimele ngenxa yolwazi analo ngezinqubo ezijwayelekile zamaphoyisa, inethiwekhi yabo yokuxhumana kanye nolwazi lwabo ngezinkinga ezijwayelekile.
Abanye abazona izikhulu zikahulumeni, futhi bangase baziwe njengomseshi ozimele, okubhekiselwa kubo ngokuhlanganyela, ikakhulukazi endabeni eqanjiwe, njengokuthi "PI" noma "iso langasese", "i-private dick" noma "shamus".
Inhlangano
Igatsha labaphenyi ezinhlakeni eziningi zamaphoyisa ezinkulu lihlelwe laba yiziqenjana neminyango eminingi, ngamunye osebenza ngokukhethekile ekuphenyeni uhlobo oluthile lobugebengu noma uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi womshoshaphansi, ongahlanganisa: ukubulala, ukugebenga, ukugqekeza, ukweba izimoto, ubugebengu obuhleliwe, abantu abalahlekile, ubugebengu bezingane, ukukhwabanisa, izidakamizwa, isekela, ubuhlakani bobugebengu, ukuhlasela okubi / ukushaya, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, ubugebengu bamakhompyutha, udlame lwasekhaya, ukugadwa kanye nokushiswa kwempahla phakathi kokunye.
Eminye imiphumela emaphoyiseni e-United States, indoda orhoxiswa kakhulu ifikelela ngokuhlukile ukuba iyizikhundla ezibophezela i-"Detective". Ezinye izinto imaphoyisa e-Commonwealth, abantu abazikhundla ababe yilabo abazikhundla ezigqokileyo kodwa ngegama elithi "Detective" (isib. "UDetective Constable").
Abaseshi abazimele
Ezinye izwe, izinkantolo noma izinhlangano zokwahlulela azikawuboni umsebenzi wabaseshi abazimele. E-Portugal, umsebenzi obephakathi kwabaseshi abazimele ubuyalahlekelwa ngokubaluleka. Ngisho nangaphansi kwalokho, umsebenzi wabaseshi ubhekelelwe futhi ulawulwa ngokubhaliswa kwephutha eliyikhodi yokuziphatha..
Abaseshi bezakhamuzi
Umphenyi wesakhamuzi, ozakwazi ngokuthi umphenyi oyimfundamakhwela, ngumuntu onikelayo ngesikhathi sakhe nobuchule bakhe ukuze asize ekuxazululeni ubugebengu, ngaphandle kwesinxephezelo noma ukulinda umvuzo.. Abaseshi bezakhamuzi bayizakhamuzi ezizimele ezingenabo ubudlelwano bangempela bomsebenzi nabezomthetho futhi ezingenalo igunya eliphusile lezomthetho. Izizathu zokuthi kungani isakhamuzi esizimele singase sizame ukuxazulula ubugebengu ziyahlukahluka ekuzameni ukuqinisekisa ubulungisa kumngane noma isihlobo, ukungabuthandi okunamandla ubugebengu nokusekelwa komthetho nokuhleleka, noma ukuzijabulisa nje.
Njengezinye izinhlobo zabaseshi, abaseshi bezakhamuzi bazama ukuxazulula ubugebengu ngezindlela eziningi ezifana nokusesha indawo yesehlakalo, ukuxoxisana kanye/noma ukuphenya abasolwa kanye nofakazi, ukugada abantu abanentshisekelo kubo, ukuqoqa ubufakazi, ukusebenza njengemithombo yezindaba zendawo, ukunikeza. amathiphu emaphoyiseni angaziwa futhi ngezinye izikhathi aze abophe izakhamuzi ngenkathi kwenziwa ubugebengu. Abaseshi bezakhamuzi bangasiza futhi abomthetho ngokuba ngofakazi babashushisi, ukubamba iqhaza emaqenjini aqaphile omakhelwane, ukusebenza njengezibukeli zezakhamuzi zokugcinwa komthetho, noma ngisho nokusiza amaphoyisa ekufuneni nasekubopheni abasolwa njengesenzo . Kodwa-ke, kube nezigameko zokuthi abaseshi abayizakhamuzi bayeke uphenyo bengahlosile uma bengenawo amakhono angempela okuxazulula ubugebengu noma benze izenzo ezibhekiswe kulabo abasolwa ngokuba yizigebengu ezingathathwa njengokuqapha ngokwemvelo.
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I-Tranexamic acid (TXA) iyisithombo esetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa noma ukuphindaphinda ukubulawa kobugebengu okusenzo zangaphakathi, ukukhulisa i-"blood loss" emtholampilo ezintweni ezikulezi zisuswa: ukubulawa kwezwe ezingamakhulu, ukugcwalisa okuphuma esibayeni, ukwenzekwa kwezombusazwe, ukucimekwa kwe-dental, ukucimekwa kwezibopho kanye nokususwa kwezikhumbuzo ezingaphakathi. Kusetshenziswa futhi ukuthi uye kwamaphilisi ezingeni eliphezulu zokudala. Kusetshenziswa kungasendaweni ukuya kwe-oral kanye nangokugcina emtholampilweni wesango injection into a vein.
Umqondofanayo wokusebenza
I-Tranexamic acid iyinhlangano yeduthuluzi efana nesethetiki yomhlaba, i-amino acid yomhlaba lysine. Isetshenziswa njengendlela yokusebenza i-antifibrinolytic ngokushintshana kanye nokuphuma lokusebenza kwamanye amaklasi. Lokhu kushitsha indlela yokuqhubekeka kwe-plasminogen kuze kube inkeke yokuqhubekeka, okwenza ukuphinda fibrin ukulweleke kanye nokulondoloza uhlelo lwesihloko sesifuba se-fibrin. I-Tranexamic acid inamahlebezane eyisikhombisa eminyakeni emithathu ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-ε-aminocaproic acid, ingakuthi ukuphinda indlela yokusebenza yeproteini isine IC50 = 87 mM), kanye ikwenzela ukungabulala uqobo lwesethetiki sokuqhuba (urokinase plasminogen activator) ngezinsika eziningi (Ki = 2 mM), ezinokuhleleka kakhulu phakathi kwezikhumbuzo zonke ze-serine proteases.
Amaphutha ehlukahlukene. Kunezinye ezihlukahlukene ezihlukile njengeqoqo lezinye ezinjengokubuka color vision, ukulweliswa kwesihloko (blood clots), kanye nolwazi oluyinhloko (allergic reactions).Kusetshenziswa okuncane futhi kubekhona izinga elibi kubo abantu abahlukene nezifo zomqondo. I-Tranexamic acid iyasitshela ukusebenzisa kwawo kwezokungaphakathi nokuphephethwa. I-Tranexamic acid iyinhlangano yezinye ezintsha ezibalulekileyo zokuqhuba ukusetshenziswa kwaso.
I-Tranexamic acid yabhala ngonyaka ka-1962 ngabafundi bezolimi bezaseJapan uShosuke kanye no-Utako Okamoto. Iyikhophi yezokwakha zaseWorld Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. I-Tranexamic acid ikhona njengomthombo we-generic.
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'I-Kojic acid' iyinhlanganiso yomdabu wezenhlalo ngeformula ye. Iyindlela yokwakha kwezomdabu engasiza kuyindlela yendawo njengenkosi yokuvakasha eyamukelekileyo eyagcina emkhakheni wokulungiswa ebizwa ngokuthi "chelation" eyenzelwe izitho ezingakaze zifikelele ngamathayimishi angamapunje amaningi ezintsha zamafunghi, kube khona izihlobo eziningi, ngokwesibongo semZulu kusuka e-Aspergillus oryzae, eyezithandwa emZulu njengombiza womunye wamafunghi koji. I-Kojic acid iyindlela yokucitsha entsha engakhombisa ngokomzimba wezomdabu womsindo wamafu nesikhumba, iyisetshenziswa emsebenzini wokulungiswa kwesitshalo somzimba nokukhula komuntu, nesetshenziswa kuma-nyama kanye nezitshalo kwezinti, nokusetshenziswa kumithi yendawo kanye nezitshalo zezenhlalo ukuze kube khona ukuvikeleka noma ukugwema imibala yezinto. Iyakhihla into enqabile ebomvu ngokwekhromosomu yeferric ions.
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Inkampani yezokuphepha yangasese Iyinkampani yebhizinisi eyenza izinsizakalo zokuphepha ezihlomile noma ezingahlomile kanye nobuchwepheshe emikhakheni yangasese noma yomphakathi.
Umbono Obanzi
Izinkampani zezokuphepha ezizimele zicazwa yi-U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics njengamakhasimende abeziphatha izinsizakalo zokugada nokubheka, njenge-bodyguard, i-guard dog, ukuphepha kokupaka, kanye nezinsizakalo zokugadza. Abaningi babo bazinikeza izinsizakalo ezikhethekile eziphambili uma ikhasimende lifuna. Izibonelo zezinsizakalo ezinikezwa yilezi zinkampani zihlanganisa ukuvinjelwa komsebenzi ongekho emthethweni noma ukungena, ukulawulwa kwezimoto, ukulawulwa kokufinyelela, kanye nokuvinjelwa komlilo nokweba kanye nokutholakala. Lezi zinsizakalo zingachazwa kabanzi njengokuvikelwa kwezisebenzi kanye/ noma izimpahla. Ezinye izinkonzo zokuphepha ezifana ne-rover patrol, bodyguard, kanye nezinsizakalo zezinja zokugada zifakiwe, kodwa ziyingxenye encane kakhulu yemboni. Ngesikhathi sobhubhane lwesikhathi sokuqhubeka kwesifo sase-COVID-19, ezinye izinkampani zezokuphepha zahlanganyela nezinsizakalo zokuphakelwa kwemigomo.
Imboni yezokuphepha yangasese ikhula ngokushesha okwamanje kunezisebenzi zezokuphepha zesikhathi esigcwele eziyizigidi ezimbili e-United States futhi leli nani kulindeleke ukuthi lenyuke ngamaphesenti angu-21 ngo-2020, okwenza imboni yezokwelapha ibe ngu- $ 100 billion ngonyaka, kanye nokukhula okulindeleke ukuba kube ngu- $ 200 billion ngo-2010. I-United States ingumthengi omkhulu emhlabeni wezinsizakalo zezempi nezokuphepha ezizimele, futhi imboni yezokuphepha ezizimelwe e-US yaqala ukubona ukwanda okukhulu kwesidingo ngo-2010. Kusukela lapho, imboni yezokuphepha yase-US kakade ikhule yaba imakethe eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama- $ 350.
Amagama avamile
Izisebenzi zezinkampani zezokuphepha ezizimele zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "onogada bezokuphepha" noma "izikhulu zokuphepha", kuye ngemithetho yombuso noma yezwe ezisebenza kulo. Izinkampani zezokuphepha ngokwazo ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi "izinkontileka zokuphepha", kodwa lokhu akuvamile ngenxa yokudideka nezinkontileka zezempi ezizimele, ezisebenza ngaphansi kokuxhaswa okuhlukile. [yini?]
Bheka futhi
Umqaphi
Ukuphepha kwe-computer
Inkampani yezempi yangasese, umhlinzeki wezinkonzo ezikhethekile nobuchwepheshe obuhlobene nemisebenzi yezempi nemisebenzi efanayo. Izinkampani zezempi ezizimele ngezinye izikhathi zizibiza ngokuthi izinkampani zezokuphepha ngenxa yokuxhumana kabi negama elithi inkampani yezempi eziyimele ngenxa yezenzo zeBlackwater e-Iraq.
Inhlangano yokuvikela yangasese
Uhlu lwezinkampani zezokuphepha ezizimele
Umqaphi wezokuphepha
Ukuphepha okungokomzimba
Amaphoyisa azimele
Imboni yezokuphepha yangasese eNingizimu Afrika
Izikhombo
Izixhumanisi zangaphandle
Private Security Companies’ Firearms Stockpiles - Small Arms Survey Research Note on firearms ownership by private security companies
Izinkampani Zokuphepha Ezizimele Izikhwama Zesibhamu - Ukuhlolwa Kwezikhali Ezincane Uhlelo Lwezincwadi Zokuphatha izibhamu Izinkampani Zezokuphepha Ezizimelwe
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I-Real Madrid Club de Fútbol (: (lalela), okusho ukuthi i-Royal Madrid Football Club), evame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-Real Madrid, iyiqembu lebhola likanobhutshuzwayo laseSpain eliqeqeshiwe eliseMadrid eliye e-La Liga kusukela ngo-1929.
Isungulwe ngo-1902 njenge-Madrid Football Club, leli qembu ngokwesiko liyelagqoka ikhithi yasekhaya elimhlophe kusukela ekuqaleni kwalo. Isiqu esihloniphekile i-Real ngesiSpanishi esisho "isobukhosi" futhi sanikezwa leli qembu yiNkosi u-Alfonso XIII ngo-1920 kanye nomqhele wasebukhosini esifanekisweni. I-Real Madrid idlale imidlalo yayo yasekhaya eSantiago Bernabéu Stadium enabantu abangu-81,044 edolobheni laseMadrid kusukela ngo-1947 futhi i-Real Madrid nayo iyiqembu eliphumelela kakhulu kwi-FIFA Club World Cup, njengoba inqobe izikhathi ezinhlanu selokhu umncintiswano waqala ngo-2000. Ngokungafani nezinhlangano eziningi zezemidlalo zaseYurophu, amalungu e-Real Madrid (amasocios) aye aphethe futhi aphathe leli qembu kuwo wonke umlando walo. Leli qembu lingelinye lamaqembu asekelwa kabanzi emhlabeni, futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi libiza ama-$5.1 billion ngo-2022, okwenza kube yiqembu lebhola likanobhutshuzwayo eliyigugu kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngo-2021, kwakuyiqembu lebhola likanobhutshuzwayo lesibili elihola kakhulu emhlabeni, ngenzuzo yaminyaka yonke eyizigidi ezingama-€640.7 miliyoni.
Njengoba ingelinye lamalungu amathathu asungula i-La Liga angakaze ahlehliswe esigabeni esiphezulu kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo ngo-1929 (kanye ne-Athletic Bilbao neBarcelona), i-Real Madrid inezimpi eziningi zesikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi i-El Clásico ne-Barcelona ne-El Derbi Madrileño ne-Atlético Madrid. Leli qembu libonakala njengamandla amakhulu emdlalweni webhola likanobhutshuzwayo waseSpain naseYurophu phakathi nawo-1950 nawo-1960, lawina ama-European Cup amahlanu alandelanayo ayisithupha futhi lafinyelela amanye ama-final amabili. Lokhu kuphumelela kwaphindaphindwa ezweni lakubo, lapho iMadrid inqobe iziqu ze-league eziyishumi nambili eminyakeni eyi-16. Leli qembu, elihlanganisa u-Alfredo Di Stéfano, u-Ferenc Puskás, uFrancisco Gento, noRaymond Kopa, libhekwa abanye emdlalweni njengelokuqala kunawo wonke. I-Real Madrid yaziwa ngenqubomgomo yayo ye-Galácticos, ehilela ukusayina abadlali abahle kakhulu emhlabeni, njengoRonaldo, uZidane, noDavid Beckham, ukwakha iqembu le-superstar. Ngo-26 June 2009, iMadrid yasayina uCristiano Ronaldo nge-£ 80 million (€ 94 million); waba ngumgembuli omkhulu kunabo bonke emlandweni.
Emdlalweni webhola likanobhutshuzwayo wasekhaya, leli qembu liye lawina izindondo ezingu-69; iziqu ze-La Liga ezingu-35, i-Copa del Rey engu-20, i-Supercopa de España engu-12, i-Capa Eva Duarte, kanye ne-Copa de la Liga. Emincintiswaneni yomhlaba wonke, i-Real Madrid ibheka ingqwembe ezingu-21; iziqu ezingu-14 ze-European Cup / UEFA Champions League, iziqu ezimbili ze-UEFA Super Cup, kanye nengqwembe ezinhlanu ze-Intercontinental Cup. Lezi zingqwembe zilawula ukubheka kwezimpahla zomhlaba eziningi ngaphambi kokubanjwe kukaLiverpool ngo-2019. Kuma-2000, 2002, 2014, kanye nako-2017, i-Real Madrid yayiqembu lebhola elihlukaniswa ngokuhamba kwesimo semikhiqizo yomhlaba yamaqembu e-International Federation of Football History & Statistics Club World Ranking. E-UEFA, iMadrid ibekwe phambili ohlwini lweqembu lesikhathi sonke.
I-Real Madrid yahlonishwa njengeqembu lebhola likanobhutshuzwayo elingcono kakhulu ngekhulu lama-20 yi-FIFA futhi njengeqembu elingcono kakhulu laseYurophu ngesikhathi esifanayo yi-IFFHS, ngenkathi ithola i-FIFA Centennial Order of Merit ngo-2004.I-Real Madrid inokubamba iqhaza okuphezulu kakhulu kuyi-European Cup / Champions League (42), umncintiswano lapho ibamba irekhodi eliphelele lokunqoba okuningi, ukudonswa okuningi kanye nemigomo eminingi efakwe. I-Real Madrid iwukuphela kweqembu eliwine iziqu ezintathu ezilandelanayo (izintathu) e-European Cup / Champions League kabili, okokuqala ngo-1955-56, 195657, no-1957, futhi okwesibili ngo-2015,16, 201617, no-201718. NgoMeyi 2022, bathola isiqu se-Champions League esandisiwe se-14 (esihlanu ezikhathini eziyisishiyagalolunye), esiqashelwa yi-Guinness World Records. I-Real Madrid iyiqembu lokuqala kuwo wonke ama-league amahlanu aphezulu aseYurophu ukuwina izindondo eziyikhulu kuyo yonke imincintiswano. , i-Real Madrid ibekwe esigabeni sesihlanu seqembu le-UEFA.
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'BHA' (Butylated hydroxyanisole) ngu-ikhemikhali eyenziwe isetshenziselwa kakhulu njengentwala eluhlaza, eyodwa, engumafuta engaphuzwana petrochemical. Izimpilo zayo zokuguquka zokukhumba ziyenza isetshenziselwa kakhulu njengomlalazi eqinisekiswe kubudlelwano bokudla, ucingo lwokudla, ukudla kwezinkomo, imithelo yezinhlanzi, amaphalamisitshana, imithelo yezompilo, imibhobho, kanye namabhokisi omgangatho. U-BHA usebenziswa emaqondweni okudla kusukela ngonyaka we-1947.
Uhlobo lwemikhemikhali
U-BHA luhlelo lokuphathwa komsebenzi izinto ezimbili zezifo zemikhemikhali ezibulalisa, i-2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole kanye ne-3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole. Kusebenza kusuka kumekhinikhi yezilwanyana we-4-methoxyphenol kanye ne-isobutylene.
Isilinganiso esigcwele kanye ne-BHA sisebenza ukugadlula kwezilwane ezinyukayo, sikwama izilwane. Njengomqondo wokugadlula izilwane, izinkalo zezilwane ezinyukayo zisimemezela.
Izimpilo
Kusukela ngonyaka we-1947, u-BHA ubekwe kumafuta abulalisi kanye nezinto ezilambile ezinendlela yezinkohlakalo kusukela kuqhubeka kokugadlula kwezilwane kwezintanga kuzenzeka izinhlamba ezisabekayo. Kufakwe i-E number E320. Kungenzeka kube yinhlangano nesikhwama semikhemikhali engaphumeliyo, i-butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).
Nokho, u-BHA kusebenzi kakhulu kumithi yokwelapha, njengoba kukhona i-cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3), isotretinoin, lovastatin, kanye ne-simvastatin, phakathi kwezinye.
Impilo Yomzimba
I-National Institutes of Health yaseMhlabeni yakhomba ukuthi u-BHA kufanele kube khona ikhangelelwa ukuthi kube yinhlazo yomuntu okanye akhona inkohlakalo yebala ebukhona ngokusebenzisa izinto ezibulalayo izinhlamba zokugcina i-BHA. Ngokwamathiphu, uma kukhishwa emilayini enkulu njengendlela yokudla kwabo, u-BHA kuthatha amapapiloma nomonakalo wekhasiyana we-squamous cell carcinoma kwezinkomo nase-Syrian golden hamster. Kwesinye isikhathi, akukhona isikhombisa sokungabazeki i-BHA kwezinkomo; ngelinye ilula, kukhona isikhombisa sokulinganisa imininingwane engazibekiyo yevelele emcimbini wezinkohliso.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwemiphumela yomuntu (population statistics), isilinganiso esiningi sokwelapha kwe-BHA esedlule akuyona yokunikezwa enkulu yokungabazeki nesifo sekhansela. Kodwa isifunda saseKhaliforniya isibhalisile u-BHA njengomuntu oqhudelwako.
I-European Commission yagcizelela ithuba lokulungisa. Babhekisile ukungakwenziwa kobuchwepheshe ngumbutho wokugcina ukuthi kutholakale imiphumela yebala yomuntu; izifundo ezithola imiphumela yebala kwezinkomo ayenzelwa kubo abantu (abangaphumi isikhombisa semvumo). Nokho bakhombisekile ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwehormoni, uma kungenziwa, kuzotholakala kuphela emazweni anemithi eziningi kulokhu kukhuthazwa njengenyama.
I-International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Summaries & Evaluations ithi u-Butylated hydroxyanisole ubekelwe kwi-ngcebo kwezigqabo ezimbili zomhlaba emadodeni kanye naze-nkqubo ezimbili zomhlaba emahamsters ngokusebenzisa isifo ngomlomo, kwenziswa izikhali ezivulekile neminye imiphumela engu-forestomach.
Umthombo wakhe omtsha ungu-TBHQ (t-butylhydroquinone), umlalazi wamathiphu omhlaba omgwaqelekile eceleni lomdabu Michael Pollan.
Bonisa kahle
Anisole
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)
Amarekhensi
Phenols
Food antioxidants
IARC Group 2B carcinogens
Alkylphenols
Tert-butyl compounds
E-number additives
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INzululwazi yeMininingo iwumkhakha wongqandavu woqeqesho oluxubile olusebenzisa izibalomininingo, ukucikiza kwenzululwazi, indlelasu yenzululwazi, imidludlungu, imikholezima nezimiso ukugqoba ulwazi nemininingo engahleliwe.
INzululwazi yeMininingo ibuye ididiyele isidlangala solwazi kusuka kwezinye izidlangala esikhona (isb. inzululwazi yemvelo, Ubuchwepheshe bokwaziswa, nezokwelapha). Inzululwazi yeMininingo iminxaminingi futhi ingachaziswa njengenzululwazi, isifaniselo socwaningo, uqeqesho, nobungcwepheshi.
INzululwazi yeMininingo "iyisicabango sokubumba izibalomininingo, isihlaziyo semininingo, kanye nemikhakha ehlobene "ukuze kuqondwe futhi kuhlaziywe izimongotho zangempela" ngokusebenzisa imininingo. Isebenzisa ubuchule nemibono egqotshwe emikhakheni eminingi esemongweni womchazazibalo, izibalomininingo, inzululwazi yesicikizi, iNzululwazi yoKwaziswa, kanye nesidlangala solwazi. Nokho, inzululwazi yemininingo ihlukile kunenzulululwazi yesiCikizi nenzululwazi yokwaziswa. Owahlomula ngoMhlumulo kaTuring, uJim Gray wakhanyanga inzululwazi yemininingo "njengesifaniselo sesine" senzululwazi, futhi manje wagomela ngokuthi "yonke into ephathelene nenzululwazi isiyaguquka ngenxa yegalelo lobuchwepheshe bokwaziswa nozamcolo wemininingo.
uSomniningo uyingcwepheshi ekhanda umkitizo wokuhlelelisa bese iwuxubanisa nolwazi lwezibalomniningo ukuze adale ubuhlakani ngemininingo.
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I-Hydroquinone, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-benzene-1,4-diol, noma i-quinol, iyisakhi esiphunga elimnandi eliyisikhombisa sengathi ilawuliwe wasebenzisa i-phenol, okuvela kubenzine, esinendlela yokuthi i-C6H4(OH)2. Iminyaka eminingi edlule, kwakucatshangelwa ukuthi imboni abanzi lama-hydroxyl enezindlu ezithathu zahlanganiswe ngendandatho ye-benzene kuqala phakathi. Iyinhlayiya eqinile emhlophe. Izakhiwe ezikhundleni zomzali wazo zibizwa ngokuthi ama-hydroquinones. Igama "hydroquinone" lasungulwa nguFriedrich Wöhler ngo-1843.
Ukukhiqizwa
I-Hydroquinone ikhiqizwa ezimbonini ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko.
Indlela esetshenziswa kakhulu ifana nenqubo ye-cumene inqubo yokuxhumana futhi ihlanganisa i-dialkylation ye-benzene ne-propene ukunikeza i-1,4-diisopropylbenzene. Le ngxube ihlangana nomoya ukuze ithole i-bis(hydroperoxide), okufana ngokwakheka ne-cumene hydroperoxides futhi kuhlelwe kabusha nge-asidi ukunikeza i-acetone ne-hydroquinone.
Umzila wesibili uhlanganisa i-hydroxylation ye-phenol phezu kwe-catalyst. Ukuguqulwa kusebenzisa i-hydrogen peroxide futhi kunikeza inhlanganisela ye-hydroquinone ne-ortho isomer yayo catechol (benzene-1,2-diol):
C6H5OH + H2O2 -> C6H4(OH)2 + H2O
Ezinye izindlela ezingavamile zihlanganisa:
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-hydroquinone okuphawulekayo kusuka ku-acetylene ne-iron pentacarbonyl kuhlongozwa ukuthi i-iron pentacarbonyl isebenza njenge-catalyst, kunokuba ibe yi-reactant. Lapho kukhona igesi ye-carbon monoxide ekhululekile. I-rodium noma i-ruthenium ingathatha indawo yensimbi njenge-catalyst enokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali okuhle kodwa ngokuvamile ayisetshenziswa ngenxa yezindleko zayo zokubuyiselwa engxenyeni yokuxhumana.
I-hydroquinone kanye nemikhiqizo yayo nayo ingalungiswa ngokuxutshwa kwama-phenols ahlukahlukene. Izibonelo zihlanganisa i-Elbs persulfate oxidation kanye ne-Dakin oxidation.
I-Hydroquinone yatholakala okokuqala ngo-1820 ngamakhemikhali aseFrance uPelletier noCaventou ngokusebenzisa ukuhlunga okomile kwe-quinic acid.
Ukusabela
Ukusabela kwamaqembu e-hydroquinone e-hydroidxyl kufana nokwezinye ama-phenols, njengoba kunesibindzi esiphansi. Isisekelo esiwumphumela esihlanganisiwe sibhekana ne-O-alkylation elula ukunikeza i-mono- ne-diethers. Ngokufanayo, i-hydroquinone ithinteka kakhulu ekushayweni kwendandatho yizinqubo ze-FriedelʹCrafts ezifana ne-alkylation. Le nqubo isetshenziswa endleleni ye-antioxidants ethandwayo njenge-2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol (BHA). Udayi oyisibonakaliso we-quinizarin ukhiqizwa nge-diacylation ye-hydroquinone nge-phthalic anhydride.
I-Redox
I-hydroquinone ihlangana ne-oxidation ngaphansi kwezimo ezincane ukuze inikeze i-benzoquinone. Le nqubo ingashintshwa. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-hydroquinone ezivela ngokwemvelo zibonisa lolu hlobo lokusabela, esinye isibonelo yi-coenzyme Q. Ezimbonini le nqubo isetshenziswa kokubili nge-hydrochinone uqobo kodwa kaningi ngezakhi zayo lapho i-OH eyodwa ithathelwe indawo yi-amine.
Lapho i-hydroquinone engenambala ne-benzoquinone, okuqinile okuphuzi okukhanyayo, kuhlanganiswa ngesilinganiso se-1:1, kwakheka i-dark-green crystalline charge-transfer complex (indawo yokuncibilikisa i-171 °C) ebizwa ngokuthi i-quinhydrone (C6H6O2·C6H4O2). Le nkimbinkimbi incibilika emanzini ashisayo, lapho ama-molecule amabili ehlukana khona ngenhlanganisela.
Ukuvuselelwa
Ukusabela okubalulekile ukuguqulwa kwe-hydroquinone ibe yi-mono- ne-diamine derivatives. I-Methylaminophenol, esetshenziswa ekuthwebuleni izithombe, ikhiqizwa ngale ndlela:
C6H4(OH)2 + \overset{methylamine}{CH3NH2} -> HOC6H4NHCH3 + H2O
Ama-diamines, awusizo embonini yenjoloba njenge-antiozone agents, akhiqizwa ngokufanayo nge-aniline:
C6H4(OH)2 + \overset{aniline}{2 C6H5NH2} -> C6H4(N(H)C6H5)2 + 2 H2O
Ukusetshenziswa
I-Hydroquinone inokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene okuhlobene ngokuyinhloko nokusebenza kwayo njengento yokunciphisa encibilikayo encibilekayo emanzini. Kuyingxenye eyinhloko kubathuthukisi abaningi bezithombe ezimnyama nezimhlophe zefilimu nephepha lapho, nge-metol eyingxube, inciphisa ama-halides esiliva abe yi-elemental silver.
Kuneminye imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ehlobene namandla ayo anciphisa. Njenge-inhibitor ye-polymerization, esebenzisa izakhiwo zayo ze-antioxidant, i-hydroquinone ivimbela i-polymerisation ye-acrylic acid, i-methyl methacrylate, i-cyanoacrylate, namanye ama-monomers athinteka kalula ku-radical-initiated polymerization. Ngokusebenza njenge-free radical scavenger, i-hydroquinone isebenza ukwelula isikhathi sokulondoloza inhlaka ezwela ukukhanya njenge-preceramic polymers.
I-Hydroquinone ingalahlekelwa yi-hydrogen cation kuwo womabili amaqembu e-hydroxyl ukuze yakhe i-diphenolate ion. Usawoti we-disodium diphenolate we-hydroquinone usetshenziswa njenge-comonomer unit eshintshanayo ekukhiqizeni i-polymer PEEK.
Ukukhishwa kwesikhumba
I-Hydroquinone isetshenziswa njengendlela yokwenziwa kwesikhumba sibe mhlophe ukuze kuncishiswe umbala wesikhumba. Ayinawo amathuba afanayo okubangela i-dermatitis njenge-metol. Lesi yisithako esivela emithethweni yokwelapha kuphela kwamanye amazwe, kufaka phakathi amazwe angamalungu e-European Union ngaphansi kwe-Directives 76/768/EEC:1976.
Ngo-2006, i-United States Food and Drug Administration yahoxisa ukuvunyelwa kwayo kwangaphambili kwe-hydroquinone futhi yahlongoza ukuvinjelwa kwazo zonke izindlela zokulungiselela ezisemakethe. I-FDA yavimbela ngokusemthethweni i-hydroquinone ngo-2020 njengengxenye yenguquko enkulu yenqubo yokubuyekezwa kwemithi ngaphandle kwe-counter. I-FDA yathi i-hydroquinone ayikwazi ukukhipha njengento engase ibangele umdlavuza. Lesi siphetho safinyelelwa ngokusekelwe ezingeni lokumunca kubantu kanye nokwenzeka kwe-neoplasms emagundeni ocwaningweni oluningana lapho amagundane amadala atholakala khona enezinga eliphakeme lezimila, kufaka phakathi i-thyroid follicular cell hyperplasias, i-anisokaryosis (ukuguquguquka kobukhulu be-nucleus), i-mononuclear cell leukemia, i-hepatocellular adenomas kanye ne-renal tubule cell adenomas. Umkhankaso Wezimonyo Ezingaphephile nawo ugcizelele ukukhathazeka.
Ucwaningo oluningi luveze ukuthi i-hydroquinone, uma ithathwa ngomlomo, ingabangela i-exogenous ochronosis, isifo esiphazamisa lapho umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-omnyama ufakwa esikhunjeni. Nokho, amalungiselelo esikhumba aqukethe isithako anikezwa endaweni. I-FDA yahlukanisa i-hydroquinone ngo-1982 njengomkhiqizo ophephile - ngokuvamile owaziwa njengophephile futhi osebenzayo (i-GRASE). Ngokubhekisela kwezinqumo ze-National Toxicology Program (i-NTP), ucwaningo olwengeziwe ngaphansi kwalo lwaphakanyiswa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ngabe kunengozi kubantu ngokusetshenziswa kwe-hydroquinone. Ukuhlolwa kwe-NTP kwabonisa ubufakazi obuthile bemiphumela yesikhathi eside ye-carcinogenic ne-genotoxic
Ngenkathi i-hydroquinone isala inikezwa kabanzi ukwelashwa kwe-hyperpigmentation, imibuzo ephakamwe mayelana nesimo sayo sokuphepha ngama-ejensi alawulayo e-EU, eJapane, nase-USA ikhuthaza ukufunwa kwamanye ama-agent anokusebenza okufana. Amaningana anjalo asevele etholakala noma acwaningwe, kufaka phakathi i-azelaic acid, i-kojic acid, i'retinoids, i-cysteamine, i-topical steroids, i'glycolic acid, nezinye izinto. Enye yalezi, i-4-butylresorcinol, kuboniswe ukuthi isebenza kangcono ekwelapheni izifo zesikhumba ezihlobene ne-melanin ngamanani amakhulu, kanye nokuphephile ngokwanele ukuba itholakale phezu kwe-counter.
Izenzakalo ezingokwemvelo
Ama-hydroquinones angenye ye-reactants emibili eyinhloko ezindlaleni zokuzivikela zamabhungane ama-bombardier, kanye ne-hydrogen peroxide (futhi mhlawumbe nezinye izakhi, kuye ngezinhlobo), eziqoqa emthonjeni. I-tank ivula nge-valve elawulwa imisipha iye egunjini lokusabela elinezindonga eziwugqinsi. Leli gumbi ligcwele amangqamuzana akhipha ama-catalases nama-peroxidases. Lapho okuqukethwe kuleli thange kuphoqelelwa ukuba kungene egunjini lokuhlangana, ama-catalases nama-peroxidases ngokushesha abulala i-hydrogen peroxide futhi akhuthaze i-oxidation yama-hydroquinones abe ama-p-quinones. Lezi zinguquko zikhipha umoya-mpilo okhululekile futhi zikhiqize ukushisa okwanele ukuletha ingxube endaweni yokubila. Bese ihwamuka cishe ingxenye yesihlanu yayo, ikhiqize ukufafaza okushisayo esiswini sebhungane.
I-Hydroquinone kucatshangwa ukuthi iyisihlungu esinamandla kumakhowe e-Agaricus hondensis.
I-Hydroquinone iboniswe ukuthi ingenye yezakhi zamakhemikhali zomkhiqizo wemvelo we-propolis.
Futhi ingenye yezakhi zamakhemikhali ezitholakala ku-castoreum. Lesi sakhiwo siqoqwa ezikhwameni ze-beaver.
Izikhombo
Izixhumanisi zangaphandle
Ikhadi Lokuphepha Kwamakhemikhali Lomhlaba Wonke 0166
I-NIOSH Pocket Guide yezingozi zamakhemikhali
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I-Hyaluronic acid (/ˌhaɪ.əljʊəˈrɒnɪk/; i-HA efushanisiwe; i-conjugate base hyaluronate), ebizwa nangokuthi i-hyaluronan, iyi-anionic, i-non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan esakazeke kabanzi kuzo zonke izicubu zokuxhuma, i-epithelial, ne-neural. Iyingqayizivele phakathi kwama-glycosaminoglycans njengoba ingena-sulfated, ibunjwa emthonjeni we-plasma esikhundleni somshini we-Golgi, futhi ingaba nkulu kakhulu: i-HA yesintu ihlanganisa ama-Da ayizigidi ezingu-7 nge-molecule, noma ama-monomer e-disaccharide angaba ngu-20,000. Kuyilapho eminye imithombo ikhuluma ngama-Da ayi ayizigidi ezingu-3.4.
Umuntu ovamile ongamakhilogremu angu-70 (150 lb) unamagremu angaba ngu-15 e-hyaluronan emzimbeni, ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yazo iphendulwa (okungukuthi, ihlakazekile futhi yenziwe) ngosuku.
Njengenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko ze-extracellular matrix, i-Hyaluronic acid inikela kakhulu ekwandeni nasekuthutheni kwamangqamuzana. Ithuthukisa indlela yokunikeza amalutha, iqiniso nokuvumela ukubambisana kwamahlaya. Njengexenye yeqembu le-streptococcal extracellular capsule, i-Hyaluronic acid ihilelekile kakhulu futhi ikhuthaza indlela yokukhula kwezimila eziningi ezimbi. Kukholelwa ukuthi i-Hyaluronic acid idlala indima ebuthuthukiseni amalutha.
Umlando
I-Hyaluronic acid yatholakala okokuqala nguKarl Meyer noJohn Palmer ngo-1934 emzimbeni we-vitreous emehlweni enkomo. Umkhiqizo wokuqala we-hyaluronan biomedical, i-Healon, wasungulwa ngawo-1970 nawo-1980 yi-Pharmacia, futhi wavunyelwa ukusetshenziswa ekuhlinzweni kwamehlo (okungukuthi, ukufakelwa kwe-cornea, ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataract, ukuhlinziwa kwe-glaucoma, kanye nokuhlinzwa kokulungisa ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal). Ezinye izinkampani ze-biomedical nazo zikhiqiza izinhlobo ze-hyaluronan zokuhlinzwa kwe-ophthalmic.
I-hyaluronic acid engokwemvelo inesikhathi esifushane sokuphila (okuboniswe konogwaja) ngakho-ke izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza ziye zasetshenziswa ukwelula ubude beketanga nokuqinisa i-molecule ukuze isetshenziswe kwezokwelapha. Ukungeniswa kwe-cross-links esekelwe kumaprotheni, ukungeniswa kwama-molecule ahlanzayo akhululekile njenge-sorbitol, kanye nokusimama okuncane kwamaketanga e-HA ngokusebenzisa amakhemikhali afana ne-NASHA (i-non-animal stabilized hyaluronic acid) zonke izindlela ezisetshenziselwe ukulondoloza ukuphila kwayo.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970, ukufakelwa kwe-intraocular lens kwakuvame ukulandelwa yi-corneal edema embi, ngenxa yokulimala kwe-endothelial cell ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Kwaba sobala ukuthi kwakudingeka i-lubricant enamathelayo, ecacile, ye-physiologic ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhlakazeka okunjalo kwamangqamuzana e-endothelial.
Igama elithi "hyaluronan" liphinde lisetshenziselwe usawoti.
Izikhombo
Izixhumanisi zangaphandle
Amakhodi e-ATC: D03AX05 (WHO), M09AX01 (WHO), R01AX09 (WHO), S01KA01 (WHO)
Hyaluronan at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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Ukuthwebula izithombe zomshado kuwumkhakha wokuthwebula izigxile kakhulu ekuthwebula izenzakalo nemisebenzi ehlobene nemishado. Kungase kufake ezinye izinhlobo zokuthwebula izithombe zombhangqwana ngaphambi kosuku lomshado olusemthethweni, njengohlelo lwesivumelwano sangaphambi komshado (izithombe kamuva zisetshenziselwa izimemo zomshado wombhangqwana). Ngosuku lomshado, umthwebuli wezithombe uzonikeza izithombe kanye nezithombe ze-documentary ukufakazela izenzakalo ezahlukahlukene zomshado nemikhuba kulo lonke usuku lomshado
Umlando
Ngokwemibono yakho, umkhuba wokuthwebula izithombe yomshado wathinta indlela futhi wakhula kusukela ekusungulweni kohlobo lobuciko bokuthwebela izithombe ngo-1826 nguJoseph Nicéphore Niépce. Kuzosweleka ukuthi isithombe sokuqala esiqoshwe kwi-14 ngemuva kweqiniso, seliboniswa kakhulu njengomdlali wekhamera yomshado ka-1840 uNdlovukazi Victoria nePrince Albert. Kepha kwesikhathi sokuthwebula izithombe ekuqaleni, abathwebuli abaningi abakwazi ukuthatha izithombe zomshado ezivamile ngaphansi kwenkonzo. Ngaphambi kwekhulu le-19, abantu abaningi abangathathi izithombe zomshado ngokomthetho ngesikhathi somshado. Ngakho, abathwebuli abasebenzisa isithombe esivamile babekhangisa izingubo zabo ezingcono kakhulu phambi noma ngemuva komshado. Ngakuphela kwawo-1860, abathwebuli abaningi bayathatha izithombe ngokusebenzisa izingubo zomshado noma izindlela ezinye, ekubeni bavumela umthwebuli wezithombe ukuthi aqophe umshado wangempela uqobo. (Bheka i-gallery emshadweni kaWhite.) and the photographs often use saturated colors.
Ngenxa yesimo semishini emikhulu nezinkinga zokukhanyisa, ukuthatha izithombe zomshado kwakuwumkhuba we-studio ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubuchwepheshe bathuthuka, kodwa imibhangqwana eminingi yayisahlala ithwebula isithombe esisodwa somshado. Ama-albhamu omshado aqala ukujwayelekile ngawo-1880, futhi umthwebuli wezithombe ngezinye izikhathi wayefaka idili lomshado ezithombeni. Ngokuvamile izipho zomshado zazibekwa futhi zibhalwe ezithombeni.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, izithombe ezinombala zaqala ukutholakala, kodwa zazingathembekile futhi zibize, ngakho izithombe eziningi zomshado zazisenziwa ngamnyama nomhlophe. Umqondo wokuthatha "isenzakalo" somshado wavela ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-film roll kanye namasu okukhanya athuthukisiwe atholakalayo ngokusungulwa kwe-flash bulb, abathwebuli bezithombe babevame ukuvela emshadweni futhi bazame ukuthengisa izithombe kamuva. Naphezu kwezithombe zokuqala ezisezingeni eliphansi ezazivame ukuvela, umncintiswano waphoqelela abathwebuli bezithombe be-studio ukuba baqale ukusebenza endaweni.
Ekuqaleni, abathwebuli bezithombe abaqeqeshiwe bangaletha imishini eminingi enkulu, ngaleyo ndlela banciphise ikhono labo lokuqopha sonke isenzakalo. Ngisho nezithombe "eziqondile" zazivame ukubekwa ngemuva komkhosi. Ngawo-1970, indlela yesimanje yokuqopha yonke isenzakalo somshado yaqala ukuguquka yaba umkhuba njengoba sikwazi namuhla, kufaka phakathi isitayela sokuthwebula izithombe se-"Documentary photography". [citation needed]
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Ukufunda okwengeziwe
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Ukumomonyaliza wubuchule obenza ukuhamba kwemisebe kuqhoshwe ngenhloso yokuphinde kwakhiwe kamuva. Ukumomonyaliza kwaziwa kangcono njengendlelasu yokuphehla izithombe zangempela zemiyinge emithathu, kodwa kusetshenziswa nakwezinye izinto ezinhlobonhlobo. Ngokwesimiselo, kuyinto elula ukuba kukhandwe ummomonyali nganoma yiliphi uhlobo lwamaza.
Ummomonyali wenziwa ngokubeka imisebe yesibili phezu kwemisebe yokuqala, ngokwenza lokho kuphehleka isifaniselo somphazamo esiqoshwa kwinsizakuxhaman yoqobo. Lapho imisebe yesibili iqala ukukhanyisa isifaniselo somphazamo, uyahlakazeka ukuze kwakheke kabusha imisebe yendabuko. Immomonyali ingaphehlwa nangesiCikizi ngokunonga imisebe yomibili bese ihlanganiswa ngokwezezibhangqiwe. Isithombe sezezibhangqiwe esizokwakheka lapho sizoshicilelwa kwifilimu bese sikhanyiswa umthombo ofanele ukuze kwakheke kabusha imisebe yokuqala.
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Iqembu lebhola lezinyawo likazwelonke lase-Vietnam yiqembu lebhola lezinyawo labesilisa elimele iVietnam eliqhudelana emiqhudelwaneni yebhola lezinyawo yamazwe ngamazwe, ephethwe yi-Vietnam Football Federation (VFF). Iqembu njengamanje likleliswe endaweni yama-96 emhlabeni, indawo ye-17 e-Asia kanye neyesi-2 eSoutheast Asia (ngemuva kwe-Australia).
Ibhola lalilandela amaFrance abethulwa eVietnam ngo-19 ku-19. Kodwa, ngenxa yezingxabano eziningi ezazenzeka ezweni phakathi nekhulu lama-20, ukuthuthukiswa kwebhola laseVietnam kwaphazamiseka kakhulu. Ngenkathi iVietnam yahlukaniswa phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili zokubuthana amasosha eNyakatho naseNingizimu ngo-1954, amaqembu esizwe amabili ayekhona futhi omabili ayephethwe futhi eqhutshwa yizindikimba ezibusayo ezihlukene ezivela ku-Football Association. Ishi laseVietnam eNyakatho kanye neNhlangano yaseCaucasian eNingizimu. Ngemuva kokuthi lezi zifunda ezimbili ziphinde zahlangana ngo-1976, kwasungulwa i-Vietnam Football Federation ngokusekelwe kumanduleli we-Vietnam Football Association.
Kusukela eminyakeni ka-1990, iVietnam iphinde yahlangana neqembu lebhola lesizwe elilodwa, futhi lelidlalo lisebenzele isizwe saseVietnam. Lokhu sekwenza iqembu leli bhekelele elingumkhandlu wesizwe saseVietnam futhi selikhokhwa ngabalandeli abaningi abathandekayo, abaphila ngezingqinamba zabo ezikhulu phambi kwezinye izinkampani zeqembu. Leqembu libhekelele nangomunye umlando omusha kufanana no-U-23 / U-22 noma U-19.
Ireferensi
Buka Okuningi
Ibhola eVietnam
Inhlangano yebhola laseVietnam
Izixhumanisi zangaphandle
trên trang chủ của FIFA
VFF - Đội tuyển Quốc gia Nam
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URoberto Carlos da Silva Rocha (owazalwa ngo-10 April 1973), ngokuvamile owaziwa ngokuthi uRoberto Carlos, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngokuthi yi-RC3, ungumdlali webhola likanobhutshuzwayo waseBrazil owayengumdlayi webhayisikobho oqeqeshiwe manje osebenza njengenxusa lebhola. Waqala umsebenzi wakhe njengomdlali oholayo eBrazil, kodwa wachitha isikhathi esiningi njengomgqugquzeli wesokunxele. Uchazwe njengomgxugcuteli wesobunxande onengqondo yokuhlasela kakhulu emhlabeni womdlalo. Unguchwepheshe we-free kick ngesikhathi esinye sakhe, ama-bending shots akhe aye akhomba ubuningi ngaphezu kwabanye abadlali, amabili ayafika kumdlalo wesikhathi angu-105 ngehora (169 km/h). Ngo-1997, wathola isikhundla sesibili ku-FIFA World Player of the Year. Uyabhekwa kakhulu njengomunye wemigqa yabaphambili kanye ne-left-back enkulu emhlabeni. Ngo-2004, uqokwa nguPelé ohlwini lwe-FIFA 100 lwabadlali abakhulu abasaphila emhlabeni.
Ezingeni lekilabhu, uRoberto Carlos ujoyine iReal Madrid esuka ku -Inter Milan ngo-1996 wachitha amasizini angu-11 aphumelela kakhulu, edlala imidlalo engu-584 kuyo yonke imiqhudelwano futhi washaya amagoli angama-71. KwaReal, wawina izicoco ezine zeLa Liga kanye ne -UEFA Champions League kathathu. Ngo-Ephreli 2013, uMarca wamqamba ngokuthi "Ishumi Nanye Elingcono Kakhulu Kwamanye Amazwe Emlandweni WeReal Madrid ". Ungomunye wabadlali abambalwa asebedlale imidlalo yobungcweti engaphezu kwe-1,100 ekilabhini nasezingeni lomhlaba.
URoberto Carlos waqala ukudlala eqenjini lesizwe laseBrazil ngo-1992. Udlale emidlalweni emithathu yeNdebe Yomhlaba, wathinta iqembu ukuba lifinyelele emdlalwa wokugcina ngo-1998 eFrance, futhi wathola umncintiswano ka-2002 eNingizimu Korea naseJapane. Wabizwa eqenjini le-FIFA World Cup All-Star Team ngo-1998 nango-2002. NgeBrazil, uqondene kakhulu ngokudlala i-bending 40-yard free kick ngenxa yomdlalo wokuqala we-Tournoi de France ka-1997 phansi kohlelo lweFrance. Ngakho, wavela njengeyodwa kumabonakude amathathu ngenxa yezinhlamvu ezingu-125 zakhe ezidlalwa eqenjini lakhe lesizwe. Wakhethwa eqenjini le-FIFA World Cup Dream Team ekuhloleni kwe- FIFA ngo-2002.
Wathatha ubuphathi futhi waqokwa njengomphathi weSivasspor eTurkish Süper Lig ngoJuni 2013. Wasula njengomqeqeshi oyinhloko ngoDisemba 2014. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuJuni 2015, wayengumphathi we-Akhisarspor. Yize uRoberto Carlos amemezela ukuthatha kwakhe umhlalaphansi ekudlaleni eneminyaka engu-39 ngo-2012, ngoJulayi 2015 wathatha indawo njengomdlali / umphathi weqembu le-Indian Super League i-Delhi Dynamos, ayezovela naye kathathu.
Izithenjwa
Izixhumanisi zangaphandle
Iwebhusayithi ye-Fansite (in Portuguese)
Roberto Carlos (ligciniwe)
Iphrofayela kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni ka-Anzhi Makhachkala
Abantu baphilayo
Abazalwa nge-1973
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Ingqwangqwa ingumkhwishizo nenzululwazi yokujinja noma umjinjo.
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Ingengamehlo ukungenga noma ubuqili obusetshenziswa eshashalazini, embukisweni yomfeketho, kumafilimu, umabonakude nakwezinye izindawo ukuze kufefenyekwe izehlakalo ezicatshangayo endabeni noma kwindwalife.
Izingengamehlo ngokuvamile zihlukaniswe zaba iminxa yalezo zenguxa nalezo zegqalo. Njengoba sekuvele indlela yokwenza amafilimu ngokwezezibhangqiwe sekunomuhluko phakathi kwengengamehlo kanye nokulumba isibukelwa, ngoba ukulumba isibukelwa kubhekisela kokwenziwa ngokwezezibhangqiwe kamuva nakulokho okwenziwa ngokwegqalo, kuyilapho "ingengamehlo" ibhekisela kokwenziwa ngokoqobo.
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The Great Mouse Detective iyifilimu Disney yomculo (1986).
Amafilimu
Amafilimu agcwele ama-Disney
Amafilimu ka-1986
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The Great Mouse Detective
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Great%20Mouse%20Detective
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zu
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Latn
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UmNulundu uyinhlwa yevanga enophawu u- Eu kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-63.
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UmNulundu
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmNulundu
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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AmaChembe ayimiqhinqa yendeni engafani yenhlwa efanayo. Anenani lobuchwe elifanayo (inani leziNelesi endeni) kanye nesikhundla esifanayo ecansini lezinhlwa (ingakho angawenhlwa yevanga efanayo), kodwana ayhluka ngenani lesisindo sendeni ngenxa yenani elihlukile leziNtunge endeni yazo. Nakuba wonke amachembe enhlwa ethile cishe anezakhi zevanga ezifanayo, anezisindo zobuchwe ezihlukile nezakhi zoqobo ezihlukile.
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IChembe
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IChembe
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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IScambi yinhlwa yevanga enophawu Sc kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-21.
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IScambi
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IScambi
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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UmGethe uyinhlwa yevanga enophawu I- Mg nenani lobuchwe eliyi-12.
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UmGethe
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmGethe
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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ISiphemba siyinhlwa yevanga enophawu Si kanye nenani lobuchwe eliyi-14.
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ISiphemba
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISiphemba
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zu
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Latn
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ISewezi siyinhlwa yevanga enophawu u -Se kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama--34.
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ISewezi
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISewezi
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zu
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Latn
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ISool yisifundazwe sase Somalia.
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Sool, ISomaliya
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sool%2C%20ISomaliya
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zu
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Latn
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UmSambi uyinhlwa yevanga enophawu u -Sm kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-62.
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UmSambi
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmSambi
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zu
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Latn
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UmPhomethimbi uyinhlwa yevanga enophawu Pm kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-61.
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UmPhomethimbi
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmPhomethimbi
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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ILalamthumbi liyinhlwa yevanga enophawu La kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-57.
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ILalamthumbi
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ILalamthumbi
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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UmLuthambi uyinhlwa yevanga enophawu Lu kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-71.
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UmLuthambi
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmLuthambi
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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UmLangalambi uyinhlwa elunjanisiwe enophawu Lr kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-103.
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UmLangalambi
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmLangalambi
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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IsiThomsizi siyinhlwa yevanga eyinkimbi eyonzayo ebuthaka enophawu u-T kanye nenani lobuchwe elibgama-90.
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IsiThomsizi
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiThomsizi
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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IChusinimbi liyinhlwa yevanga elumbanisiwe enophawu Cn kanye nenani lobuchwe eliyi-112.
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IChusinimbi
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IChusinimbi
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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UmZithowe, uyinhlwa yevanga enophawu u -W kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-74.
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UmZithowe
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmZithowe
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zu
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Latn
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UMophobo uyinhlwa yevanga enophawu elithi Mo kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-42 etholakala ohlwini lwesi-5 neqembu lesi-6.
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UMophobo
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMophobo
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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Imizwayi igama elisho iqembu lamaChwe amabili noma ukweqa ahlanganiswe iziphoqi zokuhehana ezibizwa izibhonqi zevanga; kodwa alibhekiseli kwizihonyo ezibhekana nokufanayo. Kodwa kumchazandalo womngako, nomchazatho wemvelo, kanye nomchazatho wempilo, elithi imizwayi libhekisela nasezihonyweni ezimachwegcezi.
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Imizwayi
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imizwayi
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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UmSebembi uyinhlwa yevanga enophawu u- Ra kanye nenani lobuchwe engu
-88.
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UmSebembi
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmSebembi
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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UMcombi uyinhlwa elumbanisiwe enophawu Mc kanye nenani lobuchwe eliyi-115.
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UMcombi
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMcombi
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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IsOgambi yinhlwa yevanga elumbanisiwe enophawu Og kanye nenani lobuchwe eliyi-118.
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IsOgambi
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsOgambi
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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ISigamchibi siyinhlwa yevanga elumbanisiwe enophawu Sg kanye nenani lobuchwe eliyi-106.
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ISigamchibi
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISigamchibi
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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UmYabambi uyinhlwa yevanga enophawu Yb kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-70.
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UmYabambi
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmYabambi
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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UmThabathofi uyinhlwa yevanga enophawu Tb kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-65.
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UmThabathofi
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmThabathofi
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zu
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Latn
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INdwembi
inhlwa yevanga
hemikhali enophawu ani lobuchwemblingama ye-athomu engu-68.
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INdwembi
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/INdwembi
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zu
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Latn
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Izakhatshiwo ziyiqembu elisecansini lezinhlwa eliqukethe izinhlwa eziyisithupha ezihlobene ngokwevanga : ufusihwe (F), i-chwenzi (Cl), umbhulufu (Br), inkwithi (I), isatsha (At), kanye ne -thesimbi (Ts), nakuba abanye ababhali beyikhipha ithesimbi njengoba ubuvanga bayo bungaziwa futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ifane naleyo yomgambana .
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Isakhatshiwo
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isakhatshiwo
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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Kwezofundomhlaba, nakwezomchazambiwa, imbiwa ngokwenkulumo evamile, yisiqa esimkhumanqa esinesakhiwo sevanga esichasisiwe kahle kanye nohlaka lomncwebe oluqondile, kokubili okuyizonto ezitholakala ngokwemvelo ngesimo esicwebile.
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IMbiwa
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMbiwa
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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Lizoguqubala Ngethuba Amabhola Enyama 2 () iyifilimu yango-2013 computer-animated ifilimu eqanjiwe yesayensi ekhiqizwe i-Columbia Pictures kanye ne-Sony Pictures Animation, edlalwa i-Sony Pictures Imageworks, futhi kusakazwe ngu-Sony Pictures Releasing. I-sequel kuya kowezi-2009 ethi Lizoguqubala Ngethuba Amabhola Enyama, ifilimu iqondiswe ngu-Cody Cameron kanye no-Kris Pearn no-UPhil Lord noChristopher Miller ababuyayo njengabadidiyeli abakhulu. Bill Hader, Anna Faris, James Caan, Andy Samberg, Neil Patrick Harris, kanye uBenjamin Bratt baphinda izindima zabo efilimini yokuqala , kuyilapho Will Forte, owazwakalisa uJoseph Towne efilimini yokuqala, ephimisa uChester V kule filimu. Abalingisi abasha bahlanganisa Kristen Schaal njengomsizi we-orangutan ka-Chester, u-Barb, kanye no-Terry Crews njengo-Earl Devereaux, ongena esikhundleni sika-Mnu. T. Itulo lefilimu ligxile ku-Flint Lockwood nabangani bakhe ababuyela eSwallow Falls ukuze basindise umhlaba ngemuva kokuthi i-FLDSMDFR ebicekeleka phansi iphinde isebenze, kulokhu kudala izidalwa zokudla ezizwelayo.
I-Lizoguqubala Ngethuba Amabhola Enyama 2 yakhululwa e-United States ngoSepthemba 27, 2013, futhi yenza imali engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-274 zamaRandi emhlabeni wonke uma iqhathaniswa nesabelomali sayo samaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-78. Ifilimu ngokuvamile ithole izibuyekezo ezixubile kuya ezinhle ezivela kubagxeki, nakuba ithathwe njengengaphansi kweyandulelayo.
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Lizoguqubala Ngethuba Amabhola Enyama 2
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizoguqubala%20Ngethuba%20Amabhola%20Enyama%202
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zu
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Latn
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I-Adventures ye-Elmo e-Grouchland () ungowaseMelika wango-1999 womculo adventure Ifilimu yamahlaya eqondiswa u-Gary Halvorson esicini sakhe sokuqala sefilimu. Leli bekuyifilimu yesibili kwamabili etiyetha asekelwe Uchungechungelwethelevishini lwezingane Sesame Street, ngemva kwe-'Sesame Street Presents: Follow That Bird'' (1985). Inezihlabani Mandy Patinkin kanye Vanessa Williams eceleni Muppet abadlali Kevin Clash, Caroll Spinney, Steve Whitmire, kanye UFrank Oz.
Ikhiqizwe ngu-Jim Henson Pictures kanye I-Children's Television Workshop, ifilimu ikhishwe yi-Columbia Pictures ngo-Okthoba 1, 1999. Ifilimu ngokuvamile yathola ukubuyekezwa okuhle okuvela kubagxeki, kodwa kwaba Ibhokisi. -ibhomu lebhokisi, elenza amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-12 uma kuqhathaniswa nesabelomali esingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-26 zamaRandi.
Amakhasi amangaphandle
Amafilimu waseMelika
Amakhathuni
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I-Adventures ye-Elmo e-Grouchland
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Adventures%20ye-Elmo%20e-Grouchland
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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Thomas kanye ne-Magic Railroad () ingu-2000 yezingane inganekwane ifilimu ye-adventure ebhalwe futhi yaqondiswa ngu-Britt Allcroft futhi yakhiqizwa u-Allcroft no-Phil Fehrle. Iwukuphela kwefilimu yetiyetha ye-live-action/opopayi ethi Thomas & Friends ku-franchise. Izihlabani zefilimu Alec Baldwin njengoMnu. Conductor, Peter Fonda, Mara Wilson, Didi Conn, Russell Means, Cody McMains, Michael E. Rodgers, kanye namazwi ka-Eddie Glen kanye no-Neil Crone. Le filimu isuselwe ochungechungeni lwezincwadi zezingane zase-British The Railway Series ngu-Reverend W. Awdry, eguqulelwe kuthelevishini ethi Thomas & Friends ka- I-Allcroft, nochungechunge lwethelevishini lwaseMelika Shining Time Station ka-Allcroft no-Rick Siggelkow. Le filimu ixoxa ngendaba ka-Lily Stone (Wilson), umzukulu womnakekeli (Fonda) we-steam engine entula amalahle afanelekile, kanye noMnu. Conductor (Baldwin) we-Shining Isiteshi Sesikhathi, esinezinhlinzeko zothuli lwegolide oluwumlingo ezisezingeni eliphansi kakhulu. U-Lily noMnu. Conductor bacela usizo luka-Thomas the Tank Engine (Glen), obhekana nonya, ozonda injini yesitimu Diesel 10 (Crone) endleleni.
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Thomas kanye ne-Magic Railroad
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20kanye%20ne-Magic%20Railroad
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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i-Thiên đường yezemidlalo (noma isikhathi seTDTC) kungenzeka kuba isigaba esikhulu somcimbi wemidlalo yezinketho kanye nezinketho zezinketho zasendlini eziningi, nesikhathi sokuzivula ngezilwandle ezahlukene zokudingeka, ngokwamanye amazwe, kudingeka, Philippines kanye ne-Vietnam. i-Thiên đường yezemidlalo iqalwe njengoba ikhona impumelelo yezindiza yezincwadi eziningi kakhulu nezidingo phakathi kwe-Afrika.
Isilinganiso
i-Thiên đường yezemidlalo ithola impilo njengoba iyikhasi lethu lezindlela zokudinga, kudingeka umdlalo we-slot, imidlalo yokuhlukanisa njengokuquma, I-Tài Xỉu, I-Poker nesi- Roulette.
Ukuqalisa: I-Thiên đường yezemidlalo yacishe lapho umnyango wokuzivula ungasahleli, kodwa kusuka ngo-2000. Ngaphambi kokuba kuyanezela, kwakukhona isikhala elincane lesayithi, selifaka izincwadi ezincane kanye nezinketho ezilula kanye nokuswelekelwa kwezingane.
Ukuphazamiseka kwezinhlelo: Ngesikhathi, i-Thiên đường yezemidlalo yaphazamiseka ngokuphazamiseka kwezinhlalo kanye nokuhlukeneyezinketho ezibalulekile zokudayiswa. Imidlalo ethandwayo njengokudubula, ukudubula, ukuthatha izinqubo kanye nokuyeka kwabekezela ukugcina ngabanye abantu abathanda ukudlala.
Ukuphakamisa isimo: Ukuze ukwazi ukuhlela ngokudlala ngabantu, i-Thiên đường yezemidlalo yaphakamisa isimo sabasebenzi nangokuthuthukisa isikhathi esizowakhiwa nesigaba sokuhambisana. Abadlali bazokwazi ukukhomba izinketho, ukwakhiwa kweprofile yabo yezithombe kanye nokuhambisana nabangane ngendlela yokuhlanganyela namagatsha anele kanye nokukhanyisa kwi-intanethi yabasebenzi.
Izivumelwano zesabelo: Ngokwenzeka kwezezinto zasendlini, i-Thiên đường yezemidlalo yabuka ukuthuthukiswa ukuze ibambisane nangokushesha ngaphandle kokugcina kwamalungelo abadlali. Abadlali bazokwazi ukufikela kanye nokudlala imidlalo ngezinhlelo zemobile njengamakhompyutha kanye ne-tablet.
Ukuncoma kwezemidlalo: Ukuze kubongezelele kuqhubekelele nokwazi ukuhlanganyela, i-Thiên đường yezemidlalo yaphakamisa ukuncoma kwezemidlalo njengokuphatha, ukuphambukela futhi ukuthumela isicelo sokudlala kanye nabangane. Abadlali bazokwazi ukubambelela, ukubonisa imisebenzi yabo nokushandisa izinqubo ku-izinhlobo zemithandazo.
Ukunyakaziswa ngaphakathi: Nokuhamba kwezithunywa zomsebenzi wamandla, i-Thiên đường yezemidlalo yalwisela ukunyakaziswa ngaphakathi kubadlali bazimele ngaphezu kwamazwe wonke. I-Thiên đường yezemidlalo yadlulisa nokuhlangabezana nabanye abalandeli ngokomqondo wokuthenga abalulekile kakhulu.
Abadlali
Izinhlangano zemidlalo: i-Thiên đường yezemidlalo yayisebenzisa izinhlangano eziningi eziningi zezemidlalo ezishicilelwe ukuze abadlali bafinyelele izinhlelo zemidlalo zokuhlela. Abahambayo abazinzelele kungenzeka bakhothame umehluko kwezincwadi ezishicilelwe, i-Electronic Arts, Ubisoft kanye ne-King.
Izindawo zomgqugquzeli: Ukuze ivumele abadlali ukudlala imidlalo entsha nokuhlela, i-Thiên đường yezemidlalo yayisebenzisa izindawo zomgqugquzeli ezikhulu. Abahambayo abazinzelele ngokomqondo kukhona iActivision, Square Enix, Capcom kanye ne-Bandai Namco Entertainment.
Izinhlangano zomqondo: Izinhlangano zomqondo zingaba ngomgogodla wabasebenzi kusukela ku-Thiên đường yezemidlalo ukuze zivumelane ngomnotho wezinxuba zokufakelwa, isimo sabasebenzi semigodi, ukufakwa kokuphela nokuphakanyiswa kwemithandazo yasendlini. Abahambayo abazinzelele ngomqondo bazokwazi ukufaneleka i-Amazon Web Services, i-Google Cloud, i-Facebook for Developers kanye ne-Firebase.
Ubugebengu
Amakhasino axhunyaniswe nobugebengu obuhleliwe, amakhasino okuqala e-Las Vegas ekuqaleni ayebuswa i-American Mafia[45][46] kanye nase-Macau ngama-Triad syndicates.
Ngokweminye imibiko yamaphoyisa, izehlakalo zendawo zobugebengu obubikiwe zivame ukuphindeka kabili noma kathathu phakathi neminyaka emithathu yokuvulwa kwekhasino. Embikweni wango-2004 woMnyango Wezobulungisa wase-United States, abacwaningi baxoxa nabantu ababeboshwe eLas Vegas naseDes Moines futhi bathola ukuthi iphesenti labagembuli bezinkinga noma abaguliswa yizifo phakathi kwababoshiwe laliphindwe kathathu kuya kahlanu kunomphakathi uwonke.
Kuye kwathiwa izifundo zezomnotho ezibonisa ubuhlobo obuhle phakathi kwamakhasino nobugebengu ngokuvamile ziyehluleka ukucabangela inani labantu abavakashile: zibala ubugebengu obenziwa izivakashi kodwa azibali izivakashi ngesilinganiso sabantu, esidlula izinga lobugebengu. Ingxenye yesizathu sokuthi le ndlela yokusebenza isetshenziswe, naphezu kwesitatimende eseqile, ukuthi idatha ethembekile ngenani lezivakashi ngokuvamile ayitholakali.
Ukuvela Kwekhasino Amabhonasi E-inthanethi
Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, indawo yokudlala yamakhasino aku-inthanethi iye yashintsha ngendlela emangalisayo, yahambisana nokuvela kwamabhonasi ekhasino aku-inthanethi. Ezigabeni ezisafufusa, amabhonasi ayemane nje eyindlela yokukhangisa ukuze ahehe abadlali abangase babe khona emakethe eyayisanda kuthola izinyawo zayo.
Ukunikezwa
Izinhlangano zezomsebenzi: i-Thiên đường yezemidlalo yayisebenzisa izinhlangano zezomsebenzi eziningi eziningi ukuze zivikelekele abadlali ukudlala imidlalo enokugcina. Izinhlangano zezomsebenzi zingaba ngendlela yokwamukelisa isifo, isikhathi sokufakelwa
Ukuxhumana emuva
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Casino
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casino
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zu
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Latn
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ITaleh yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Sool, ISomaliya.
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Taleh (SSC-Khatumo, Somalia)
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taleh%20%28SSC-Khatumo%2C%20Somalia%29
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zu
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Latn
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IXudun yidolobha elikwisifundazwe se Sool, ISomaliya.
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Xudun (SSC-Khatumo, Somalia)
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xudun%20%28SSC-Khatumo%2C%20Somalia%29
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zu
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Latn
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IKyoto iyidolobha eJaphani.
IJaphani
IKyoto
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IKyoto
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKyoto
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zu
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Latn
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Kiyomizu-dera(清水寺) iyithempeli eKyoto, eJaphani.
Yasungulwa ngo-778.
IKyoto
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Kiyomizu-dera
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyomizu-dera
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zu
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Latn
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UMthunzi Loyiso Nodada ungumkhiqizi we-Gqom/S'gubhu ohlala e-durban owazalwa ngo-12 April 2006.
UMthunzi wazalelwa eMatatiele ekuqaleni kuka-2006, wakhulela eMatatiela lapho eneminyaka engu-12 unina washintsha isifundazwe futhi bathuthela e-durban e-Varulam
Lapho i-DJ yethu enhle esencane yatholakala inekhono lokuba ngumkhiqizi.
Unina wamsekela ngazo zonke izindlela futhi wathola i-computer ne-laptop ukuze indodana yakhe ayithandayo ibe umkhiqizi womculo.
Konke lokhu kwaqala lapho u-DJ wethu ehlangana no-DJ Lifestyle, wabe esebenza naye iminyaka eminingi kwaze kwaba yilapho ekwazi ukukhiqiza umculo wakhe ngaphandle kosizo.
I-DjMthunzi O Cool ikhiphe i-Umxhelo, izingoma ezidabukisayo ft djLifeStyle,amanazaretha, incwadi eya kuMaster Dee nezinye izingoma eziningi.
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Dj Mthunzi O cool
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dj%20Mthunzi%20O%20cool
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zu
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Latn
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Umkhithiko noma igama elihlanganisa imincwebe yeqhwa eyakheka kumoyambulunga —ngokuvamile phakathi kwamafu—bese ikhithika, inqwabelana phansi lapho ibhekana nolunye ushintsho khona.
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Umkhithiko
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umkhithiko
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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SSC-Khatumo yingxenye yezwe lase Somaliya.
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SSC-Khatumo
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSC-Khatumo
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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UmFeme uyinhlwa elumbanisiwe enophawu Fm kanye nenani lobuchwe eliyi-100.
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UmFeme
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmFeme
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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UmGwangaza uyinhlwa yevanga enophawu u- Ge kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-32.
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UmGwangaza
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmGwangaza
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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UmHlafantunge uyinhlwa yevanga enophawu Hf kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-72.
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UmHlafantunge
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmHlafantunge
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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IPholoba liyinhlwa yevanga enophawu P kanye nenani lobuchwe eliyi-15.
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IPholoba
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPholoba
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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INaside iyinhlwa yevanga enophawu Na kanye nenani lobuchwe eliyi-11.
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INaside
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/INaside
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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UmHasambi uyinhlwa yevanga enophawu Hs kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-108.
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UmHasambi
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmHasambi
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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INzulumbi iyinhlwa yevanga enophawu In kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-49.
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INzulumbi
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/INzulumbi
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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Imbidi iyinhlwa yevanga enophawu Ir kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-77.
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Imbidi
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imbidi
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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UManyazini uyinhlwa yevanga enophawu Mn kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-25.
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UManyazini
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UManyazini
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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UMtshambi uyinhlwa yevanga elumbanisiwe enophawu -Mt kanye nenani lobuchwe eliyi-109.
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UMtshambi
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMtshambi
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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UMendele uyinhlwa yomlumbaniso enophawu Md kanye nenani lobuchwe eliyi-101.
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UMendele
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMendele
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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UmNaphangana uyinhlwa yevanga enophawu Np kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-93.
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UmNaphangana
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmNaphangana
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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ImPulu iyinhlwa yevanga eyonzayo enophawu -Pu kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-94.
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ImPulu
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ImPulu
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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Isigidi siyinhlwa yevanga enophawu Hg kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-80.
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Isigidi (inhlwa)
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isigidi%20%28inhlwa%29
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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ImPosumu iyinhlwa yevanga enophawu lwe -Po kanye nenani lobuchwe enllingama-84.
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ImPosumu
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ImPosumu
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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UmOsisivu uyinhlwa yevanga enophawu u-O nenani lobuchwe elingama-76.
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UmOsisivu
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmOsisivu
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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UmFelombi uyinhlwa yevanga enzima kakhulu enophawu Fl kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama--114.
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UmFelombi
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmFelombi
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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ILivambi liyinhlwa yevanga yomlumbaniso enophawu Lv futhi inenani lobuchwe elingama-116.
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ILivambi
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ILivambi
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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a aliança de sócios é um grupo diferente (paralelo) da polônia foi criada em uma discussão na emissora do estado do Ceará onde as duas potências chegaram a um acordo. A aliança entre A aliança entre todos, inicialmente eram 6 membros do Império Cearense, Leo countryballs, Imperial Commodore, French map, Vancorno e Arthur Brasil; oh meu deus.
Countryballs
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Aliança dos Aliados
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alian%C3%A7a%20dos%20Aliados
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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Idube isilwane esakhiwe njenge hhashi nembongogolo. Sinamabala ayimicu emhlophe nemnyama. Idube lihlala endle
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Idube
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idube
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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I-Mega Millions (aziqaliseka njengoba i-The Big Game ngo-1996 futhi itholakala njenge-The Big Game Mega Millions eminyakeni eminingi evela kulo) iyindlela yokugwema yezwe laseMelika eyisivumelwano; kusukela ngo-June 30, 2023, ikhombisa ezifundazweni ezingu-45, District of Columbia, kanye nase-US Virgin Islands. Umdlalo wesihlanu (Umdlalo Omkhulu) weMega Millions wazaliwa-2002. Manje i-Mega Millions ifikezwa ezifundazweni eziningi; izigaba zonke zezimidlalo zilandela ukuhlobana komgama osezingeni eliphezulu lwezimidlalo, futhi amanye amasethemu aphumelela kwezimidlalo.
I-Mega Millions ivunwa ngolwesibili ne-Sonto ngemini yamaSunday kanye ne-Sikhumbuzo, ekucaleni kwalesikhathi ngomsebenzi we-Eastern Time Zone. I-Mega Millions isebenziswa ngengqapheli yeendaba zezibalulekile ezingama-12; izithombo zengqophamlando zifakwa endaweni yabesifazane WSB-TV e-Atlanta, i-Georgia, kufakwa phansi isikhumbuzo se-Lottery ye-Georgia. Abakubambisana uJohn Crow no-Adrian Wollford.
Ngaphandle kokwenza okuphelele kwezimpendulo ezihambisanayo (ezinazokwakhe ngo-October 28, 2017, ngokubhaliswa ngomsebenzi wezokuqala ngo-October 31) kwe-Mega Millions, i-Mega Millions ibingekho labafundi basentengiso angazange abefanele ukuba abafunde umqeqesho wabo wesitatimende osezingeni elifanelekile le-$20 million, esebizwa ngemizuzu engama-30 eyaphindukiswa eminyakeni yonke, ngokudluliselana ngokwe-5% ngonyaka (uma kuzobeki incwadi yemali enqola; bona phansi ngaphansi ngemfihlo yezibalulekile ngomthetho weLottery ngesigaba sokuhlola imali/ukugadwa). Umqeqesho wokuthi ingcweleka uma akutholakali umphumela ongaphansi kwenkulungwane wokulanda.
Ekuzimbeleni kwamaLottery akwemikhakha ye-American, umphumela ongaphansi kwenkulungwane wokulanda ufake njengevalue yamanqaku wezinyanga. Isicelo se-value yemali (sokukhethwa kwamalotho angaphansi), uma litholakalayo umphumela ongaphansi kwenkulungwane, lufaka kahle ngaphezu kwe-value yamanqaku amlungele.
Omunye wemiphumela emakulu kakhulu engaphumelelwe emphumeleni we-Mega Millions wayingama $1.537 billion, kwezombusazwe zase-October 23, 2018, lapho imphephu engaphumelelwe yokulanda emiphumeleni yesi-South Carolina. Umphathi wayigcina ngokuzivikeleka indawo eyehlaziyayo eMashi 2019.
Amanothi
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Izigidi ze-Mega
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izigidi%20ze-Mega
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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Imicondozo yokwaziswa ichasiswa ngokuthi "igatsha lemicondozo eligxile ebudlelwaneni phakathi kokudala, ukuhlelemba, ukusatshalaliswa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kokwaziswa, kanye nezindinganiso zokucondoza kanye nezimiso zokuziphatha ezibusa ukucondoza kwabantu emphakathini". Licwaninga ngesimilo esiqhamuka kukwaziswa njengensizakusebenza, njengomkhiqizo, noma njengongcibishe. Lihlinzeka ngohlaka olumqoka ekucubunguleni okuphatjeleni nesimilo ngokuqondene nobumfihlo bokwaziswa, ukuzinqumela isimilo (isb. ingabe izinto ezikhandiwe zinesimilo), okuphatheleni nezemvelo, izinkinga ezivela kumjikelezo mpilo (ukudala, ukuqoqa, ukuqopha, ukusabalalisa, ukudludlunga, njll.) wokwaziswa (ikakhulu ubunikazi nethiyampindo, ukwehlukana ngezezibhangqiwe, namalungelo wezezibhangqiwe). Kubalilekile ukuqonda ukuthi izisebenzi zomtapowolwazi, nezomqogelelo, nezingcwepheshi zokwaziswa, ziyakuqonda ukubaluleka kokwazi indlela yokusabalalisa ukwaziswa kwangempela kanye nokuzibophezela ezenzweni zazo ngokuqondene nokwaziswa.
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Imicondozo yokwaziswa
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imicondozo%20yokwaziswa
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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Ubunikazi buyizimfanelo, izinkolelo, izici zobuntu, ummomo, kanye/noma izinkulumo eziwuphawu lomuntu noma iqembu.
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Ubuhlonzi
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuhlonzi
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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Ubuhlonzi bomuntu buwubuhlonzi benombolo obuyingqayizivele bomuntu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
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Ubuhlonzi bomuntu
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuhlonzi%20bomuntu
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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Ubuhlonzi bezezibhangqiwe bubhekisela ekwazisweni okusetshenziswa izimiso zesiCikizi ukumela okungaphandle, okuhlanganisa umuntu, inhlangano, uhlelo lokusebenza, noma isilekeleli.
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Ubuhlonzi bezezibhangqiwe
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuhlonzi%20bezezibhangqiwe
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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Ubuhlonzi bakuxhakaxholo, futhi inzimba yakuxhakaxholo, ubuntu bakuxhakaxholo , ubuhlonzi baseluntwini obusungulwa umsebenzisi woxhakaxholo emiphakathini yalo nakwizizindalwebu.
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Ubuhlonzi bakuxhakaxholo
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuhlonzi%20bakuxhakaxholo
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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