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Kwinjulalwazi, ubuhlonzi buwukuhlobana into ngayinye enabo nayo ngokwayo.
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Ubuhlonzi (kwinjulalwazi)
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuhlonzi%20%28kwinjulalwazi%29
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UMhela ususelwe kwelesiZulu elithi "hela", elichaza ukwewula izimfihlo, lingasebenza ukuchaza :
uMhela wokuzihlelela, inhlelakonke
Imfihlela, isilobelo semicabango eyizimfihlo ebuye isebenze ukuxhumanisa wena nawe.
Isiqophasuku, isilobelo esiqopha konke okwenzeke osukwini noma esikhathini thizeni.
Ingqalelomali, isilobelo esisetshenziselwa ukuqopha imali kanye nakho konke okumayelana nemali.
Isiqophasimo, isiqophelo esibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwemoto, izindawo, kanye nokunye.
Isiqophahle, isiqophelo sohlu lwezinto ezenziwe ngesikhathi kudludlungwa khona imininingo.
Isiqophahambo, isiqophelo esisetshenziselwa ukuchaza noma ukukhuluma ngohambo.
Ekushicileleni, uMhela ungasebenza ukuchaza izishicwanjalo noma imihide eyahlukahlukene:
uMhela wezobunqwamba, incwadi ekushicilelwa kuyona imiphumela yocwaningo kanye nolwazi olunzulu ngamvungu thizeni:
uMhela wesayensi, incwadi ekushicilelwa kuyo ucwaningo lwesayensi
uMhela wezokwelapha, incwadi ekushicilelwa kuyo ucwaningo lokwelapha kanye neMithi.
Imbuyekeza yomthetho, incwadi egxile ekutolikeni umthetho
uMakhazini, umshicilelwanjalo ongagxilile kwezobunqwambi.
Umakhazini wamadlingozi, umakhazini walabo abaphaphamele ubungoti thizeni.
umakhazini wamaphimbo, umakhazini ogxile kubuciko bemibhalo.
Iphephandaba, Umhela ogxile ekwathuleni izindaba, ezenzeka kwezepolitiki, ezohwebo, ezemidlalo kanye nezobuciko.
Ingqophela, uhlobo lwephephandaba, ngokuvamile iphephandaba eliyingqophelo
Ingqophela karhulumeni, iphephandaba likahulumeni elishicilela izaziso zomphakathi noma zezomthetho
UMhela ungase futhi uchaze:
Ingqalo, umsebenzi wokubalwa kwezimali ohlelweni lokugcinwa kwamabhuku olufaka kabili
Bhekafuthi
<i id="mwUg">UMhela</i> (disambiguation), izishicilelwa ezimbalwa kanye nezinhlelo zikaMabonakude ezinaleli igama.
Uhlu lweMhela (disambiguation)
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UMhela
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Ukusabela kwevanga kungumdludlungu oholela ekuguqukeni kweqoqo elilodwa leziqa zevanga zibe elinye. Ngokwasendulo, ukusabela kwevanga kuhilela izinguquko ezibandakanya izikhundla seziNzuba kuphela ekwakheni nasekuqephuzeni izithungo zevanga phakathi kwamaChwe, ngaphandle kokuguqula inuzi, futhi zingachaziswa ngesibalo zevanga. umchazaTho weNuzi uqeqesho okungaphansi komchazatho olubandakanya ukusabela kwevanga kwezinhlwa ezingazinzile, nezinhlwa eziyonzayo lapho kunezinguquko zenzuba nezenuzi.
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Ukusabela kwevanga
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Impi ingxabano eshubile yezikhali phakathi kwemibuso, ohulumeni, imiphakathi, noma amaqembu ezempi njengamabutho, abashokobezi, namasosha . Ngokuvamile kubonakala ngodlame oludlulele, ukucekelwa phansi, nokufa, kusetshenziswa amabutho avamile noma angajwayelekile . Impi isho ubuqhebeqhebe obujwayelekile kanye nezici zezinhlobo zempi, noma zezimpi zijwayelekile. Impi ephelele iyimpi engakhawulelwe kulokho okuyimingxibishe yezempi kuphela, futhi ingaholela ekuhluphekeni okukhulu kwezakhamuzi noma okunye okungekona ukulwa kanye nokulimala kwabantu .
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Isidlikithi siyikhono elingajwayelekile nelikhethekile lomuntu oyimbudle elingaphezu kokuvamile. Izidlikithi zivame ukuvezwa ezincwadini zeziganeko zenzululwazi nezamafuzamuntu, ezinhlelweni zikamabonakude, emfekethweni yemibukiso, nakumafilimu, njengesici esimqoka sembudle. Lesi sicabangelo sadabuma ezincwadini zamahlaya zaseMelika eminyakeni yowe-1930 neye-1940, futhi site saqhubeka nokungena kweminye iminxa nakwezinye izibsizakusakaza.
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Isidlikithi
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Shaka
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Shaka kaSenzangakhona, Ngwàdi ka Gendeyane no Nomcoba
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka%20kaSenzangakhona%2C%20Ngw%C3%A0di%20ka%20Gendeyane%20no%20Nomcoba
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Skirlek
Kopanong
Taxî rÄÑK
5062
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Margaret Nokuthula Zondi
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Ezinhlelweni zezokuxhumana noma zesiCikizi, ukujinjwa kohlelo kusho ukuhlelwa kwengxejye ngayinye yokusebenza kwayo, ngokuya ngesimo zazo, inani lazo kanye nezinkondolo eziyinhloko.
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Isijinjo sesiCikizi
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Izijinjo ze-Windows (ngaphambilini ezazibizwa ngokuthi Izijinjo zesiCikizi), noma IziJinjo nje, ziyisigcoyi se -Microsoft Windows .
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Izijinjo (ze-Windows)
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Isihawuza somsebenzisi siyiqoqo lezijinjo nokwaziswa okuyamaniswa nomsebenzisi. Sivame ukuqukatha ukwaziswa okubalulekile okusetshenziselwa ukuhlonza umuntu, okufana negama, ubudala, umfanekiso, nezinkondolo zakhe ezifana nolwazi noma ubungcweti anabo. Izihawuza zabasebenzisi zivamile kwizizindalwebu zezinkundla zokuxhumana ezifana no-Facebook, Instagram, ne-LinkedIn; futhi zikhonza njengobuhlonzi bezezibhangqiwe bokuzithandela bomuntu, obugqamisa ulwangu nezici zakhe ezimqoka. KwezokuCikiza komuntu siqu nezinqalahlelo, izihawuza zabasebenzisi zenzelwe ukuhlukanisa izinhlonhlo, izijinjo, nemibhalo ngokwezimo zomsebenzisi ngamunye, okuyinto evumela ukuba izinqalahlelo zibe nobungane futhi zikhonze umsebenzisi. Izihawuza zabasebenzisi eziphathekayo zikhonza njengoMazisi abafana neziNqamulamazwe, izivumelo zokushayela nezincwadi ezisemthethweni ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlonza umuntu ngokwesimiso somthetho.
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Isihawuza somsebenzisi
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InTehla iyinhlwa yevanga enophawu u -Te kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-52.
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InTehla
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INombi iyinhlwa yevanga elumbanisiwe enophawu No kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-102.
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INombi
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UmPhacagu iyinhlwa yevanga eyonzayo enophawu u- Pa kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-91.
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UmPhacagu
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IsiThanambi siyinhlwa yevanga enophawu Sn nenani lobuchwe elingama-50.
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IsiThanambi
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UMlenembi uyinhlwa yevanga enophawu Re kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-75.
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UMlenembi
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ISalanqwali siyinhlwa yevanga enophawu u -Ru kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama-44.
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ISalanqwali
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ILugambi iyinhlwa yevanga enophawu Rg kanye nenani lobuchwe eliyi-111.
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ILugambi
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ILugambi
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Ukwabelana ngamahele kuwumkhuba wokusabalalisa noma wokuvula ukifinyeleleka kwezinsizakusakaza zezezibhangqiwe, njengezinhleleliso zesiCikizi, izinsizakusakaza ezixubile (ezilalelwayo, izithombe nemibukiso), imibhalo noma izincwadi zamazuba. Izindlela ezivamile zokuqoqonga, ukufufukisa nokusabalalisa zihlanganisa izinzisakusakaza ezisuswayo, iziphakeli ezinyomboniswe kumaxhoxho wesiCikizi, imibhalo esekwe kuxhakaxholo ekhongciwe, kanye nokusetshenziswa kokuxhoxhelana kontanga okusatshalalisiwe.
Ubuchwepheshe bokwabelana ngamahele, obufana neBitTorrent, bubalulekile kwizinsizakusakaza zokukokotela zanamuhla, kanye nasekwabelaneni ngemininingo yenzululwazi nezinye iziqikili zamahhala.
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Ukwabelana ngehele
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izinganekwane zibaluleke ngokuthi zisisize ukuthi sigcine amasiko ethu emzansi africa kanye nasemhlabeni wonke.Izinganekwane zehlukahlukene futhi zonke ziyingqayizivele kithina njengomphakathi wabantu abamnyama abalithandayo isiko labo.Izinganekwane zehlukahlukene futhi zonke zisijabulisa ngokufana nangokulingana,izinganekwane zehlukene zaba zinhlanu:Inganeko;Inganeko wuhlobo oluthile lwenganekwane lenganekwane ikukhombisa ngokudaleka kwezinto emhlabeni.Isikhathi esiningi loluhlobo lwenganekwane luxoxa ngomvelinqangi okunguye umdali wakho konke okuphilayo emhlabeni nokungaphili.
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S k mqhayi biography
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S k mqhayi biography
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%20k%20mqhayi%20biography
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UmLefalambi uyinhlwa yevanga enophawu u-Rf kanye nenani lobuchwe eliyi-104 .
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UmLefelambi
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Itshebuka liyilungu lezimbiwa zeqembu lelisitha elinombala ompunga-nsomi noma obomvu kanye nesicabayo sevanga esimi kanje. K(Li,Al) 3 (Al,Si,Rb) 4 O 10 (F,OH) 2 .
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Itshebuka
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itshebuka
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Kumchazatho, ingqubathi ungusawoti osihonyo oyisisekelo wenkimbi eyingqubathi noma inkimbi yomhlaba yengqubathi .
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Ingqubathi
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingqubathi
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Kumchazandalo, ubunzubawonga buwukwenanana kwezinhlayiyana nomlelesa wamazuba ezinkundleni zobuzuba. Isiphoqi senzubawonga siyingxenye yeziphoqi ezine eziyisiseko zemvelo. Lesi siphoqi siseqhilwini ekwenananeni kwamaChwe nemizwayi.
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Ubunzubawonga
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UmNgcikisho wokwaziswa uqeqesho lomngciksho oluphathelene nokukhiqizwa, ukusatshalaliswa, ukuhlaziya, kanye nokusetshenziswa kokwaziswa, imininingo, nolwazi ezimisweni. Lomkhakha waqala ukuhlonzeka ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21.
Izigcoyi zomngcikisho wokwaziswa zihlanganisa eminye imikhakha yomkhanyango efana nokufunda kwenguxa, uHlakahlisombulu, Ukudludlungwa kwesiyabizo, nombono wokwaziswa, kanye neminye imikhakha esetshenziswayo efana nombono wesiCikizi, ukudludlunga ulimi lwemvelo, bioinformatics, ukuCikiza umfanekiso wezokwelapha, cheminformatics, ezezithununu ezizihlelelekayo, ezezithununu ezintintayo, kanye nezokuxhumana. Iningi lwalemikhakha ludabuka kwinzululwazi yesiCikizi, nakwamanye amagatsha womngcikisho afana nomngcikisho wesiCikizi, umNgcikisho wamazuba, nomngcikishampilo.
Umkhakha womngcikisho wokwaziswa wesekwe kumchazazibalo, ikakhulukazi probability, izibalomininingo, umqaqululo...
Abangcikishi bokwaziswa bavame ukuba ngabantu abaneziqu kumngcikisho wokwaziswa nemikhakha ehlobene, futhi bavame ukusebenzela izikhungo eziseqhulwini kulomkhakha. Bavame ukuqashwa kuzo zonke izimboni ngenxa yokusebenza kabanzi komngcikisho wokwaziswa.
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UmNgcikisho wokwaziswa
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Ukufunda okungaqondisiwe, umbono ekufundeni kwenguxa okuphambama nokufunda okungaqondisiwe nokufunda okuqondiswi' ngxenye, lapho imikholezima ifunda izifanelo ngokukhethekile emininingweni engagqatshiwe.
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Ukufunda okungaqondisiwe
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inkondlo
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Yinh inkondlo
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Imfundo yinto ebalulekileyo kwelixesha langoku. Imfundo yinto edingekayo kuze uphumelele ebomini.
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Yintoni imfundo
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Senzo Robert Meyiwa (24 KuMasingana, 1984 - 26 October, 2014) wayengumdlali webhola lezinyawo eNingizimu Afrika owayedlala engumvimbi kanye noKaputeni wamaqembu amabili i-Orlando Pirates kwiPremier Soccer League, kanye neqembu lezwe iNingizimu Afrika. Wadutshulwa wabulawa bemungenele emzini wakhe ngo 26 October, 2014.
Club career
Orlando Pirates
UMeyiwa wayengumvimbi weqembu i-Orlando Pirates kusukela ngonyaka u-2005 njengombonisi wokushintsha uFrancis Chanda kuya ku2008. Ngesikhathi sekufika umqeqeshi omusha uMilutin Sredojeviç kwiPirates wanika uMeyiwa ithuba wamfaka enkundleni bedlala neqembu le-Amazulu lapho bawina ngo 3-2.
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Senzo Meyiwa
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Amandawe okubuye ibizwe ngokuthi Amandawe Mission noma A.M.A idolobha elincane elitholakala eningizimu yeKwaZulu-Natali. Leli dolobha lingaphansi kwamasipala wase Mdoni.
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Amandawe
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Usaziwayo wakuxhakaxholo (ophinde abizwe ngokuthi umthonyi wenkundla yezokuxhumana, noma umthonyi) umuntu othole noma wathuthukisa udumo lwakhe nokuphawuleka ku- kuxhakaxholo.
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Usaziwayo woxhakaxholo
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Kumchazandalo, umNgako uyinani elincane lanoma iyiphi into ebonakalayo (impahla ebonakalayo) ehilelekile ekunananeni. Isicabangelo esiyisisekelo sokuthi impahla engokoqobo kungenzeka "ingakaniswe" sibizwa ngokuthi "isihlawumbiselo sokungakanisa". Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi ubukhulu bempahla engokoqobo bakhiwa amanani alubandlu omngako.
Ngokwesibonelo, ibane liwumngako owodwa wokukhanya komjinge oqondile (wanoma iluphi uhlobo lwemiyonzi yenzubawonga). Ngokufanayo, isidlakathi senzuba esithungelwe phakathi kweChwe singakanisiwe futhi sitholakala ngamanani alubandlu. (AmaChwe noTho yizinto ezizinzile ngenxa yokuthi iziNzuba zitholakala ngesidlakathi esilubandlu esiphezulu ngaphakathi kweChwe). Ukungakanisa kuyisisekelo somchazandalo obanzi nobuNguxela bomNgako. Ukungakanisa isidlakathi kanye nethonya lako endleleni isidlakathi noTho ezinanana ngayo, kuyingxenye yohlaka oluyisiseko sokuqonda nokuchazisa imvelo.
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UmNgako
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UNyazani ungesinye sezimo ezine eziyisisekelo zoTho, esibonakala ngokuba khona kwengxenye ebalulekile yezinhlayiya ezinomlelesa wenhlanganisela yezihonyo noma izinzuba.
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UNyazani
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Kumchazandalo womngako, ukukepezela komNgako (noma ukugobhozela komNgako) kuwushintsho lwesikhashana olwenzeka ngokwethukela, nolwenzeka enanini lwesidlakathi emkhathini, njengoba luchazwa isimiso sokungazinzi sika-Heisenberg. Kuyimikepezelo emincane ethukelayo eyenzeka ezinkundleni ezimelela izinhlayiyana eziyisiseko, ezifana nezinkundla zamazuba nezobuwonga ezimelela isiphoqi senzubawonga esithwelwe izinelesi njll.
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Ukukepezela komNgako
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Isilekeleli sasendlini, esibuye sibizwe ngokuthi isilekeleli sasekhaya, isilekeleli esisebenza ngamazuba, siyinguxa esiza emisebenzini yasendlini efana nokupheka, ukuhlanza nokukhweza ukudla .
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I-Odabaşı Mosque, Ine-Odabaşı Mosque noma Ine-Odabaşı Behruz Ağa Mosque; Kuyi-mosque yaseMimar Sinan. Indawo yokuhlala ezungezile ibizwa nangokuthi isifunda sase-Odabaşı
Umlando
Yakhiwa ngu-Behruz Ağa, inhloko yegumbi lika-Süleyman I, ngo-1562 kanye nomthombo wesikole samabanga aphansi kanye nendlu yokugezela engakatholakali kuze kube namuhla. I-mosque, engumsebenzi kaMimar Sinan, yashiswa ngo-1782 nango-1836 II. Yalungiswa nguMahmud. Yathatha isimo sayo sokugcina ngemva kokulungiswa kabusha ngo-1983.
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Odabasi Mosque
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Umnotho wokwaziswa uchazwa ngokuthi umnotho ogxile kakhulu ebuqhebeqhebeni bokwaziswa nasembonini yokwaziswa, lapho ukwaziswa okuyinto eyigugu khona. Leligama laqhamuka no-Marc Porat, owayengumfundi enyuvesi yaseStanford, futhi kamuva wasungula iGeneral Magic.
U-Manuel Castells uphawula ukuthi umnotho wokwaziswa abuncintisani nomnotho wokukhiqiza. Uveza ukuthi amanye amazwe afana nelamaJalimane nelaseJaphani abonisa ukufakwa kokwaziswa emidludlungweni yokukhoqiza. Kodwana nakuba kunjalo, umnotho wokwaziswa uthathwa njengesigaba somnotho, esilandela ezinye izigaba zokuzingela, Ezolimo, nokukhiqiza. Lesicabangelo siqashelwa kabanzi ngokuqondene nomohakathi wokwaziswa, okuyisicabangelo esihlobene naso kodwana esibanzi kunaso.
Kunezinkondolo ezimbalwa zezinguqulo eminye iminotho okudingeka ibhekane nazo. Umnotho wokhonza, umnotho wobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, ubugombelakwesakhe bakamuva, nomnotho wembulunga ngamanye wamabizo ajinge ukusetshenziswa, nakuba engenelana futhi eziphikisa ngokwawo. Ibizo eliseduze nelithi umnotho wokwaziswa kungaba ngelithi umnotho wolwazi.
imithombo
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Ezomnotho wokwaziswa noma ezomnotho zokwaziswa yigatsha lezomnothoqazu (macroeconomics) elifunda indlela ukwaziswa nezimiso zokwaziswa eziwuthinta ngayo umnotho nezinqumo zezomnotho.
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Ezomnotho wokwaziswa
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Isikhathi siwuchungechunge oluqhubekayo lobukhona nezehlakalo ezenzeka ngokulandelana okungenakuhlehliswa kusukela esikhathini esidlule, kuze kube manje, kuya esikhathini esizayo .
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Isikhathi
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Intufeshe noma iklabishi eliyiqabunga, liyingxenye yezilinywa eziqembu leklabishi ( Brassica oleracea ) ezitshalelwa amaqabunga azo adliwayo, nakuba ezinye zisetshenziswa njengezihlobiso .
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Ngo-9 April 2001, iTonga ne-Australia badlala umdlalo webhola likanobhutshuzwayo wamazwe omhlaba e-International Sports Stadium eCoffs Harbour esifundazweni sase-Australia iNew South Wales. Lo mdlalo wawuwumdlalo wokuqala we-Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) wokufanelekela i-2002 FIFA World Cup. I-Tonga, ebizwa ngokuthi iqembu lasekhaya kulo mdlalo we-round robin, yanqotshwa yi-Australia ngo-0-22. Lokhu kunqoba irekhodi langaphambilini lomhlaba wonke le-20-0 kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2000 lapho iKuwait inqoba iBhutan ngo-12 February 2000 ekuqeqeshweni kwe-2000 AFC Asian Cup. I-margin yadlula ezinsukwini ezimbili kamuva lapho i-Australia iphinde inqoba, inqoba iqembu lase-American Samoa elingenamaphutha nge-31-0.
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I-Tonga 0-22 I-Australia
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U-Mohamed Salah Hamed Mahrous Ghaly (owazalwa ngo-1992) ungumdlali webhola wase-Egypt. Uwine Umklomelo Womdlali Ongcono Kakhulu ngo-2018 e-England.
Izixhumanisi zangaphandle
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U-Mohamed Salah
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UMichael Joseph Jackson (Agasti 29, 1958 - Juni 25, 2009) wayengumculi nombhali wengoma waseMelika.
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UMichael Jackson
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UKrikor Melkonian uyindoda yokuqala eyenza ugwayi e-Egypt.
usuku
Yasungulwa ngo-1882, i-Krikor & Garabed Group isungule indlunkulu yayo e-Egypt..
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UKrikor Melkonian
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Ahmed Abu Hashima
Mahmoud AlArabi
Mahmoud Taher
Mahmoud Othman
Othman Ahmed Othman
Ahmed Ezz
Ahmed Zulfikar
Hossam Aboul Fotouh
U-Mohamed AlFayed
Abdel Nasser Abdel Fattah
Mohammed Tharwat
Muhammad Farid Mansour
Naguib Sawiris
Khohlwa Sawiris
Nassef Sawiris
Ahmed Bahjat Fattouh.
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Uhlu losomabhizinisi baseGibhithe
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Ahmed Hamdi Abu Hashima Abdel Aziz, usomabhizinisi waseGibhithe, owazalwa ngo-1975, umsunguli weqembu lezinkampani.
Bhekafuthi
losomabhizinisi baseGibhithe
imithombo yangaphandle
iGibhithe
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Ahmed Abu Hashima
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Mahmoud Elaraby ungusomabhizinisi waseGibhithe, owasungula i-Elaraby Companies ngo-1964. Usuku kanye nendawo yokuzalwa 1932, Abu Raqba
Bhekafuthi
losomabhizinisi baseGibhithe
imithombo yangaphandle
iGibhithe
Abu Raqba
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Mahmoud AlArabi
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U-Ahmed Abdel Aziz Ezz, owazalwa ngo-1959, ungusomabhizinisi waseGibhithe.
Bhekafuthi
losomabhizinisi baseGibhithe
imithombo yangaphandle
iGibhithe
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Ahmed Ezz
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I-Rostov-on-Don (esifushanisiwe ngokuvamile — i-Rostov ) – idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke eningizimu-ntshonalanga Yerussia, isikhungo sokuphatha Sesouthern federal District kanye nesifunda Saserostov. Idolobha Lenkazimulo Yezempi (2008).
Yasungulwa ngomthetho Wombusi U-Elizabeth petrovna ngodisemba 15, 1749. Itholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga Ye-East European Plain, kuwo womabili amabhange Omfula Idon, 46 km ukusuka lapho uhlangana Khona Nolwandle I-Azov, 1092 km eningizimu Yemoscow.
Inani labantu liyi – 1 135 968 abantu (2023), iyidolobha leshumi nanye elinabantu abaningi eRussia. bahlala phakathi kwe-Rostov agglomeration (i-agglomeration yesithupha ngobukhulu ezweni ).
Leli dolobha liyisikhungo esikhulu sokuphatha, sezomnotho, samasiko, sesayensi, semfundo, sezimboni kanye nendawo ebaluleke kakhulu yezokuthutha Eningizimu Yerussia. Ngokungahleliwe, Irostov ibizwa ngokuthi "isango Lasecaucasus" nangokuthi "inhloko-dolobha eseningizimu Yerussia", kanye nelithi "Inhloko-dolobha Yasedon". Ngofebhuwari 21, 2019, Irostov-on-don yahlonishwa njengenhloko-dolobha yesifunda ezingeni lomthetho.
Ngo-2018, Irostov-on-don yayingelinye lamadolobha lapho kwaqhutshwa khona imidlalo Yendebe Yomhlaba.
Amanothi
Izincwadi
I-Rostov-on-Don. Izindatshana zomlando. - Rostov-on-Don: Incwadi yeRostov. Isikhungo sokushicilela, ngo-1984.
Abathengisi be -Buslenko N. I. Rostov: izindatshana zomlando nezomnotho emibhalweni, amaqiniso, izibalo, namazwana ombhali kanye nokuhlazeka kobuciko kanye nobuntatheli. - Rostov-on-Don, ngo-1994.
Shvetsov S. D. E-Rostov endala. - Rostov-on-Don: Incwadi yeRostov. Indlu yokunyathelisa, ngo-1971.
Sidorov V. S. Encyclopedia of Old Rostov futhi Nakhichevan-on-Don . Ngemiqulu engu-6. - T. 1. Rostov-on-Don, 1994-224 pp.: ukugula.; T. 2. Rostov-on-Don, 1994; T. 3. Rostov-on-Don, 1995.
Kulishov V.I. Ezindaweni eziphansi zeDon. - М. Art, 1987. - 1767 p.: ukugula.
Shtakhanov M. Umhlahlandlela we-Rostov . - 2006.
U-Ilyin A. Umlando wedolobha laseRostov-on-Don. - Rostov-on-Don, 2006.
Поспелов Е. М. Amagama ezindawo zomhlaba. Toponymic Dictionary / impendulo. ed. R. A. Ageeva. - 2nd ed., stereotype. - M . : Izichazamazwi zesiRashiya, Astrel, AST, 2002. - 512 Nge. - 3000 amakhophi. — ISBN 5-17-001389-2 .
Izixhumanisi
LENA I-ROSTOV — izindaba ze-Rostov-on-Don 161
Ingosi esemthethweni ye-City Duma kanye ne-City Administration
I-Rostov-on-Don kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yezokuvakasha esifundeni saseRostov
I-Rost Angeles: igama lezindawo zedolobha kubantu
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Order of the Rising Sun ،isiJapane: 旭日 章, ebizwa ngokuthi “Kyokujitsu-sho iwuhlelo lwaseJapan olwasungulwa uMbusi uMeiji ngo-1875 ukuze lube umyalo wokuqala kazwelonke owanikezwa uhulumeni waseJapan futhi wanikezwa omongameli nosomabhizinisi abaqavile.
Abamukeli bendondo
Mahmoud AlArabi
Ibrahim AlArabi.
Zahi Hawass,
Khaled AlAnani
U-Mohamed AlAgha.
Hisham Badr.
External links
Japan, Cabinet Office: Decorations and Medals
Decoration Bureau: Order of the Rising Sun
Japan Mint: Production Process
1875 establishments in Japan
Orders, decorations, and medals of Japan
Awards established in 1875
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Indondo yeLanga Eliphumayo
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indondo%20yeLanga%20Eliphumayo
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UZahi Hawass unguNgqongqoshe Wezakudala waseGibhithe, owazalwa ngo-1947.
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Zahi Hawass
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UClint Eastwood ungumqondisi waseMelika, owazalwa ngoMeyi 31, 1930. Usewine imiklomelo eminingi ye-Academy izikhathi eziningana.
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UClint Eastwood
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UThomas Jeffrey Hanks, owazalwa ngo-1956, ungumlingisi waseMelika.
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UTom Hanks
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Abadlali abadumile baseMelika
UClint Eastwood see
UTom Hanks
Morgan Freeman
UJohnny Depp
ULeonardo DiCaprio
URyan Reynolds
UTom Cruise
uzokwenza uSmith
URobin Williams
URobert Downey Jr
UBrad Pitt
Harrison Ford
Joaquin Phoenix.
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Abadlali abadumile baseMelika
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U-Oprah Winfrey
UBrandy Norwood
UBarbara Elaine Smith
Tyra Banks.
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Osomabhizinisi besifazane base-Afrika baseMelika abaphezulu
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Oprah in 2014.jpg
U-Oprah Gayle Winfrey owazalwa ngo-1954 ungumlingisi, umethuli, kanye nomdidiyeli wethelevishini.
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U-Oprah Winfrey
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UBrandy Ryana Norwood (owazalwa ngoFebhuwari 11, 1979), owaziwa njengoBrandy, ungumculi nomlingisi waseMelika ohlukaniswa ngemibono yakhe yobuciko.
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UBrandy Norwood
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UBarbara Eileen Smith, owazalwa ngo-1948, ungumethuli wethelevishini futhi ungusomabhizinisi.
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UBarbara Elaine Smith
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UTyra Lynn Banks uyintatheli yaseMelika, umlingisi kanye nomculi (owazalwa ngo-1973). Ungumuntu wabezindaba waseMelika.
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Tyra Banks.
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ILiberland, ebizwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iFree Republic of Liberland, iyizwe elincane elaqala endaweni engafunwanga engxenyeni esentshonalanga yoMfula iDanube phakathi kweCroatia neSerbia. I-Liberland yasungulwa ngomhla ka-13 Ephreli 2015 isishoshovu senkululeko sase-Czech u-Vít Jedlička.
Iwebhusayithi ye-Liberland esemthethweni ithi isizwe sadalwa emhlabeni ongenamuntu (terra nullius) owavela ngenxa yokuthi iCroatia neSerbia azizange zivumelane ngemingcele efanayo iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25. Le ngxabano yomngcele ifaka ezinye izindawo ezisempumalanga ye-Danube ezifunwa yi-Serbia ne-Croatia. ICroatia ibheka ezinye izindawo ezisentshonalanga yomfula, okuhlanganisa neLiberland, njengengxenye yeSerbia, nakuba iSerbia ingasawufuni lowo mhlaba.
Umhlaba ubulokhu ugadwa yiCroatia kusukela ngeMpi Yenkululeko YaseCroatia kodwa iCroatia ivimbe abantu ukuthi beze eLiberland kusukela ngemuva nje kokusungulwa kwayo, okuhlanganisa izakhamizi zaseCroatia nezinye izakhamizi ze-EU. Ngaphambi kwalokho, cishe noma ubani wayengavakashela indawo. Abazingeli abanelayisensi, abadobi nabasebenzi bakwa-Hrvatske šume d.o.o. (I-Croatian Forests Ltd., inkampani yemithi ephethwe nguhulumeni) yenza ukuvakasha ngezikhathi ezithile. Kusukela ngo-Agasti 2023, abakwaLiberland bekhona endaweni, nakuba amaphoyisa asemngceleni waseCroatia ehlola amaphasipoti awo wonke umuntu ongena noma ophumayo. Amaphoyisa asemngceleni waseCroatia abeka imithetho yaseCroatia ngokumelene nemililo evulekile namatende avaliwe.
Alikho izwe eliyilungu leNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene elinikeze ukuqashelwa okuphelele kwe-Liberland, nakuba i-Liberland ivule ubudlelwano obusemthethweni ne-Somaliland ne-Haiti kanye nezinye izifundazwe eziqashelwa ngokwengxenye nezingaziwa kanye nama-micronations. NgoNovemba 2021, i-El Salvador yathola ithimba lenxusa elivela e-Liberland.
Izikhombo
Amanye amawebhusayithi
Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni, nge-English kanye Czech
se-k-nemu-hrnou-370917 Ingxoxo nomsunguli u-Vít Jedlička
http://inserbia.info/today/2015/04/czech-proclaims-new-sovereign-state-between-serbia-and-croatia-liberland/
Siyakwamukela e-Liberland, Izwe Elisha Kakhulu Emhlabeni (Mhlawumbe)
Ifilimu eyidokhumentari emayelana neLiberland – "Leli Alikho Izwe Lami Lomuntu"
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Umgcezitho uyisiqa noma isithako esihilela imizwayi emikhulu ebizwa imizwayikhulu eyakhiwa izingxenye ezincane eziningi (ezigcezi). Ngenxa yomungco wezakho zazo obanzi, kokubili imigcezitho yemvelo neyokuzakhela ineqhaza elimqoka nelisabalele ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Imigcezitho iyahlukahluka kusuka kwejwayelekile yeplasitiki le-polystyrene kuya kwimigcezithompilo yemvelo efana nolibofuzo nezakhamzimba eyisiseko ohlakeni olungokwempilo nokusebenza kwayo. Imigcezitho, yomibili yemvelo nelumbanisiwe, ikhandwa ngenqubo yokugcezitha imizwayi eminingi emincane, ebizwa izintshotho. Isisindo sazo esikhulu, esicakathene nemiXube yemizwayi emincane, ikhiqiza izakhi eziyingqayizivele ezihlanganisa ubuqatha, ubunjobuluka obuphakeme, ubunjunguluka, nengabelo yokwakha izinhlaka ezingenasimo nezigudlumncwebe esikhundleni semincwebe.
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I-Korean LG Group izinze eNingizimu Korea futhi ithathwa njengenkampani enkulu kunazo zonke ephethe izinto zikagesi namakhemikhali futhi ingenye yezinkampani ezivelele ezimbonini. Umsunguli: Koo In-Hwoi Indlunkulu: Seoul, South Korea CEO: Ko Kwang Moo (June 29, 2018) Yasungulwa ngo-1947, eBusan, eNingizimu Korea Izinkampani ezingaphansi: LG Electronics.
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UMahmoud Taher. ungumGibhithe, owazalwa ngo-1952، Ungumongameli wangaphambili we-Egypt Al-Ahly Club.
Izixhumanisi zangaphandle
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Mahmoud Taher
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U-Othman Ahmed Othman {{lang-ar| عثمان أحمد عثمان wazalwa ngo-1917. Ungusomabhizinisi nosopolitiki ovelele.Ungomunye wabasunguli be-Arab Contractors Company, okuyinkampani enkulu kunazo zonke yama-Arab, kusukela ngo-1950 kuya ku-1982.
Izixhumanisi zangaphandle
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Mahmoud Othman
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U-Othman Ahmed Othman wazalwa ngo-1917. Ungusomabhizinisi nosopolitiki ovelele.Ungomunye wabasunguli be-Arab Contractors Company, okuyinkampani enkulu kunazo zonke yama-Arab, kusukela ngo-1950 kuya ku-1982.
Bheka
Uhlu losomabhizinisi baseGibhithe
Izixhumanisi zangaphandle
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Othman Ahmed Othman
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I-Order of the Paulownia Flowers (桐花章, Tōka shō) Umklomelo wasungulwa ngo-1888 ngesikhathi se-Meiji Restoration njengomklomelo ophakeme kunawo wonke ku-Order of the Rising Sun. Lo mklomelo unikezwa omongameli, ongqongqoshe, nosomabhizinisi abazuze okuvelele. impumelelo.
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I-Paulownia Flower Medal
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Ahmed Bahgat Fattouh owazalwa ngo-1951 futhi washona ngo-2021, wayengusomabhizinisi waseGibhithe futhi ephethe ubuzwe baseMelika. Umsunguli we-Bahjat Group of Companies, umsunguli we-Dream TV, nomsunguli. Unekhono echwebeni lakhe lobuhlakani futhi uyashesha ekusebenzelaneni kwakhe, okuholele empumelelweni.
Izixhumanisi zangaphandle
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Ahmed Bahjat Fattouh
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Ziyini izimpawu zendaba emfushane
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Ziyini izimpawu zendaba emfushane
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Ngokomthetho, ukuba nesimelo kusho "ukuba nesibopho noma ukuziphendulela emthethweni; ukubophezeleka ngokomthetho".
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Kwinzululwazi yoKwaziswa noMtapolwazi, ukujengamazwi noma ukujenganisa kuwumdludlungu wokudala incazamininingo emelela imithombo yokwaziswa, efana nezincwadi, iziqoshwa zomsindo, imifanekiso enyakazayo, njll. Ukujenganisa kuhlinzeka ngemininingwane efana namagama wombhali, izihloko zezincwadi, namagama wezihloko ezichazisa izinsiza, imvama ngokudalwa kweziqoshwa zoluhlamibhalo. Iziqoshwa zikhonza njengezibambeli zezinsizakusebenza zokwaziswa eziqoqongiwe. Kusuka eminyakeni ye-1970, lezi zincazaminimingo sezaba ngesimo esifundwa INguxa futhi zikhonjaniswe (indexed) ngokwaziswa kwamathuluzi wokuhosha, afana nezizindamininingo zezinhlamibhalo noma iziqaqululi. Nakuba ngokuvamile umdludlungu wokujenganisa uveza umphumela wokukhiqizeka kwezijengamazwi zomtapowolwazi, ubuye ukhiqize nezinye izinhlobo zamathuluzi wokuvubukula emibhalo neziqongelelwa.
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Ujengamazwi lomtapowolwazi luyincwadi yokubhalisa zonke izinto zomchazamibhalo ezitholakala kumtapolwazi noma iqembu lemitapolwazi, efana noxhoxho lwemitapolwazi esezindaweni ezihlukene. Ujengamazwi lwemitapolwazi eyiqembu lubizwa ujengamazwi lwendibaniso. Into yoluhlamibhalo kungaba yinoma yini enokwaziswa (njengencwadi, amahele wesiCikizi, imifanekiso, nezithako zamabalazwe njll) nethathwa njengomthako womtapolwazi, noma imithako yoMtapolwazi eyiqembu, noma ujengamazwi olukhongciwe (lwekhasilwebu) uma nje lubalulekile kujengamazwi nakubasebenzisi bomtapolwazi.
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Umchazamibhalo (livela kwelithi 'umchaza' + nelithi 'imibhalo'), njengoqeqesho, ngokwesiko lakwangqondonkulu luwukucwaningwa kwezincwadi njengezinto eziphathekayo, nezingokwesikompilo; ngalomqondo lungabizwa nangokuthi umchazazincwadi. Umbhali nomchazimibhalo uJohn Carter wachazisa umchazamibhalo njengebizo elinemiqondo emibili: owokuqala, lisho uluhla lwemibhalo noma izincwadi zokufunda okuqhubekayo noma imisebenzi ecutshungulwa umbhali (umchazamibhalo obalabalayo ; omunye umqondo, osebenza kubaqoqi, usho "ucwaningo lwezincwadi njengezinto eziphathekayo," futhi usho "incaziso ehlelekileyo yemibhalo njengezinto" (noma umchazamibhalo ochazisayo).
uMsukagama
Ibizo elithi umchazamibhalo liyazichazanngokwalo ukuthi incazelo yalo igabele ngakuphi, ukuchaza imibhalo. uMlando walomkhakha usitshela ukuthi kusuka endulo, lapho Izincwadi zisafaniselwa ngesandla, nasekhuwlini le-12 lapho "ukulotshwa kwezincwadi okungubuqhebeqhebe bengqondo" kwakusetshenziswa igama elifanayo. Kodwana incazelo yaleli bizo yanamuhla ivela ekhulwini le-17, okuyincazelo yokuchaza imibhalo noma izincwadi. Kuyimanje, lomkhakha womchazamibhalo siwande ngezinga elihlanganisa nezifundo ezicubungula incwadi njengento ngokwayo. Umchazamibhalo, empishekelweni yako ehleliweyo yokuqonda indulo Kanye nemanie ngemibhalo elotshiwe neshicilelwe, uchazisa indlela yokumonyula ukwaziswa kuleyo mibhalo. Abachazimibhalo banelukuluku lokuqhathanisa izihlelwa zeziqakaqo kunokuthi bahlakahle umqondo wazo noma bahlole ubumqoka bazo.
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KwezokiCikiza, isizindamininingo siyiqoqo lemininingo elihlelekile (elaziwa nangokuthi isilulumininingo ) eliqoqongwa futhi lifikelelwe ngokwamazuba kusetshenziswa isimiso sokuphatha isizindamininingo .
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Isizindamininingo somchazamibhalo siyisizindamininingo seziqoshwa zomchazamibhalo. Leli yiqoqo elihlelwe kuxhakaxholo lwamaphatho emisebenzi elotshiwe efana neziqakaqwa, izibhalwa zephephandaba, izethulo zengqungquthela, imibiko, izishocilelwa zikahulumeni nezomthetho, izigunyazi nezincwadi. Ngokuphambene nemifako yojengamazwi womtapolwazi, iningi leziqoshwa zesizindamininingo somchazamibhalo zichazisa izibhalwa namaphepha wengqungquthela kunemibhalonye ephelele, futhi zivame ukuqukatha izincaziso zesihloko esinothileyo ngesimo samazwi amqoka, amabizo womjinjo wezihloko, nemikhanyango.
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Isiqoshwa somchazamibhalo siwumfako ofakwa kwinkomba yomchazamibhalo (noma ujengamazwi lomtapolwazi ) omele futhi ochazisa insizakusebenza ethile. Isiqoshwa somchazamibhalo siqukethe izici zemininingo eyimfuneko ukuba ilekelele abasebenzisi bakwazi ukuhlonza futhi bahoshe lezo zinsizakusebenza, kanye nokwaziswa okusekelayo okwengeziwe, okwethulwa ngesinikino somchazamibhalo esihleliwe. Ukwaziswa okwengeziwe kungasekela izinsebenzo zesizindamininingo esikhethekile esifana nesihlwayi, noma isiphequli (ngamazwi amqoka), noma kungahlinzeka isethulo esigcwele sesiqikili sento.
Iziqoshwa zomchazamibhalo zivame ukuhosheka kusuka ezikhombweni zomchazamibhalo ( izizindamininingo zomchazamibhalo zanamuhla) ngegama lombhali, isihloko sencwadi, ibizo lesikhombo, noma igama elimqoka. Iziqoshwa zomchazamibhalo kungabhekiselwa kuzo njengezibambeli noma incazamininingo. Iziqoshwa zomchazamibhalo zingamelela izinhlobonhlobo zeziqikili ezishicilelwe, ezihlanganisa namaphepha ajwayelekile, izishicilelwa ezibhangqisiwe noma ezidalwe ngokwezezibhangiwe. Umdludlungu wokudala, ukwenanana, nokukhweza iziqoshwa zomchazamibhalo uyizingxenye zomdludlungu omkhulu obizwa ulawulo lomchazamibhalo.
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Mustapha Ishak Boushaki (owezalwa 7 ngoMfumfu 1967, Bouïra) uchwepheshe wefiziksi wase-Algeria onguchwepheshe ku-theoretical Umchazandalo kanye Ukunwetshwa Kwendawo Yonke. Kuze kube yi-1987 wayehlala I-Aljeriya, lapho athuthela khona IKhanada, kwathi ngo-2003 waya IMelika.
Imiklomelo
2022 - Ilungu le-American Physical Society.
2021 - Uqokwe NjengoMngane Wenhlangano YaseMelika Yokuthuthukiswa Kwesayensi (AAAS).
2021 - Umklomelo Womsebenzi Oncomekayo Womnyango Wezamandla we-DESI (Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument) Ukusebenzisana.
2021 - Umklomelo KaMongameli Ovelele Ekufundiseni eNyuvesi yaseTexas eDallas.
2020 - Ukuqashelwa Kwesimo Somakhi Okunikeziwe Kocwaningo Lwefa Lomkhathi Nesikhathi (LSST) - I-Dark Energy Science Collaboration (DESC) (amalungu aqashelwe angu-26 angaphezu kwamalungu angu-1005 ngoJulayi 2020).
2018 – Umklomelo Wothisha Ovelele Wonyaka Ovela Esikoleni Sesayensi Yemvelo Nezibalo. Inyuvesi yaseTexas eDallas.
2013 - Umklomelo Wokucwaninga kaRobert S. Hyer ovela eSigabeni saseTexas se-American Physics Society.
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Isilulumininingo siykhosomba lokuqoqonga nokuphatha ngokuqhubekayo amaqoqo emininingo angafaki nje amakhosombe afana nesizindamininingo, kodwa nezinhlobo zesilulu ezilula ezifana namaheke alula, nezincwazuba, njll
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Unyandla olungungiwe luyisimiso sokuxhumana ngasese lapho abasebenzisi baso abaxhumanayo kuyibo kuphela abahlanganyelayo.
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Isilululifu siwunongo lokuqoqonga imininingo yesiCikizi lapho khona imininingo yezezibhangqiwe iqoqongwa emachibini omhluzangqondo, abizwa ngokuthi "yilifu ".
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Bouzid Boushaki (1935 - 2023) wayeyindoda yezempi wase-Algeria kanye nosopolitiki owabamba iqhaza empini yenkululeko yase-Algeria, futhi ngaleso sikhathi owayengumholi wenyunyana ye-General Union of Algerian Workers union kanye nemenenja ephakeme yezinkampani zomphakathi zase-Algeria.
Umndeni
UBouzid Boushaki wazalwa ngo-1935 edolobheni laseMénerville (manje eliyiThenia), eningizimu-mpumalanga yedolobha lanamuhla iBoumerdès elisezansi neKabylia, cishe amakhilomitha angama-50 empumalanga yedolobha elikhulu lase-Algiers kanye nomkhawulo osempumalanga wethafa laseMitidja. , kanye neyakhe Umndeni ohloniphekile ungowesigaba senhlalo sikaChorfas Morabitone, ovela kusazi sezenkolo saseMalikite Muslim uSidi Boushaki (1394-1453), umsunguli weZawiya kaSidi Boushaki ngo-1442 ngekhulu le-15.
Uyise, uMahamed Boushaki (1907-1995), wazalelwa esigodini sokhokho baseSoumâa, eningizimu yeMénerville, futhi waba ngumthengisi ocebile emnyangweni wase-Algiers, kanti unina nguFatma Stambouli (1912-1938), odabuka e-Algiers. Idolobhana laseTalilt (Aïth Si Ali) endaweni yamanje yaseBeni Amrane, eningizimu yesifundazwe saseBoumerdès, futhi uMahamed wayezinze noyise, usopolitiki u-Mohamed Seghir Boushaki (1869-1959), enkabeni yedolobha laseMénerville, lapho aphatha khona nabafowabo ababili u-Ali kanye no-Mohamed ikhefi yama-Moorish (eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Café Bouzid) eduze kwekhemisi lika-Jérôme Zévaco, owayesenesikhathi eside eqokwe noma imeya yaseMénerville.
U-Bouzid wayengumntwana wesibili emndenini ngemuva komfowabo omdala u-Boualem Boushaki (1931-2003), futhi bobabili bazalelwa ekhaya lomndeni, i-villa enkulu etholakala e-Rue Verdun (manje eyi-Rue Hocine Koubi) e-Cité Siegwald, eduze kwalapho. isiteshi sesitimela sedolobha, phakathi kwezindlu zama-French pieds-noirs.
Eqinisweni, isizwe sakwaBoushaki Berber sasibambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekulweni namaFulentshi kusukela ngoJulayi 5, 1830 ngesikhathi sokunqotshwa kweFrance i-Algeria kanye nokuhlasela kweKasbah yase-Algiers, kanye noSheikh Ali Boushaki (1809-1846) i-acolyte ka-Emir Abdelkader kanye no-Sheikh Mohamed ben Zamoum ku-anti-colonial guerrilla kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1846 phakathi nempi namasosha angamakoloni e-Army of Africa esifundeni sase-Col des Beni Aïcha (Tizi Naïth Aïcha).
Ukubulawa kwabantu baseFrance kwabahlali baseKabyle ngaseMénerville, kusukela ohambweni lwango-1837 kuya ekuvukeleni kwaseMokrani ngo-1871, kwashiya umphumela wakho enkumbulweni ehlangene yabasindile bomdabu, futhi uBouzid Boushaki wadweba inkomba yakhe yesikhumbuzo kule ndaba yomlomo elandisa ngokufika kokufika. IsiFulentshi esinqabeni nasesifubeni sokhokho bakhe kanye nokubulawa kukakhokho wakhe uSheikh Ali Boushaki ngo-1846 phakathi nempi, kanye nokubhujiswa okuphindaphindiwe kweZauía yaseSidi Boushaki ngamasosha ebutho laseFrance. njengokuphucwa amakhulu amahektha omhlaba wokulima kanye nemvume yawo kubalimi basezwenikazi laseFrance.
Imfundo
U-Bouzid Boushaki wangena onyakeni wokuqala wemfundo yamabanga aphansi ngoSepthemba 1942 esikoleni sabafana saseMénerville ekanye nabantu abambalwa bomdabu base-Algeria phakathi kwenqwaba yezingane zaseFrance zezifiki ze-pieds-noir zedolobha eline-neuralgic.
Uzakwabo ekilasini kwakunguyisezala wakhe u-Rabah Boushaki, indodana ka-Ali Boushaki no-Fatma Bouchou, kanye nabakholwa naye abangamaSulumane u-Omar Rahmoune, uChakir Tadjer, uNoureddine Mokhtari, uMohamed Bourenane, u-Ali Bouhaddi, uMohamed Belaïd no-Ali Laoufi.
Indlela yabo yemfundo yayisichaziwe kakade, njengoba abomdabu kwakungadingeki badlulele ngale komjikelezo wamabanga aphansi, futhi babeqondiswa phakathi nesikole sabo esifushane ukuze banxephezele kuphela ukungafundi kwabo ngolimi lwesiFulentshi, okwakuhloselwe ukubalungiselela ukuba babe ochwepheshe abasebenza kanzima ngemisebenzi enzima ekuphathweni kwamakholoni.
Ngempela, umfowabo omdala u-Boualem Boushaki wayexoshiwe onyakeni wesine wesikole samabanga aphansi ngoJuni 1942 ukuze athole umsebenzi omncane edolobheni nama-pieds-noirs, kodwa uyise uMahamed Boushaki washeshe wamfaka endleleni eya emfundweni yeKoranic I-Zawía yesifunda sase-Alma (okwamanje i-Boudouaou), ebizwa ngokuthi i-Zawía yaseSidi Salem.
Kusukela ekwindla ka-1942, futhi maphakathi ne-Operation Torch phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili eyacekela phansi izwekazi laseYurophu, u-Boushaki waqala ukugqama kulezi zifundo zamabanga aphansi lapho aqala khona ukuncintisana okunzima nembangi yakhe yaseFrance u-André Ferrer, naphezu kwalokho. iqiniso lokuthi uMhlali u-Alfred-Henri de Sulauze, owayeyimeya yaseMénerville ngaleso sikhathi, wenza lukhulu ukuze alondoloze impumelelo yezemfundo eyayijatshulelwa amaFulentshi kuphela.
UBouzid wabe esebambelela ezifundweni zakhe zesikole, futhi umfowabo uBoualem wamnxusa ukuba angalahli i-zaoua yakhe, futhi ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili kwabuya umphathi-dolobha uJérôme Zévaco, owayexoshiwe emsebenzini wakhe ngo-1939, futhi lokhu kubuya Ngemva kwalokho. izibhicongo zango-May 8, 1945, zazihambisana nesimiso sokuzola nokufana nesomuntu esasifuna ukuzuza uzwela lwabantu bomdabu ngesikole nangomsebenzi.
Naphezu kobunzima nokucindezelwa koMbuso Wamakoloni WaseFrance, uBoushaki wagcina ephumelele ukuhlolwa kwakhe kwesikole samabanga aphansi konyaka wesithupha ngo-July 6, 1948, ngaphambi komunye uzakwabo we-pied-noir, u-Yvon Rocamora, kanye nabezindaba. Amaphephandaba ase-Algeria asakaza lezi. imiphumela izikhathi eziningana, kulokhu amaphephandaba i-Alger Républicain ne-L'Écho d'Alger.
Impi Yokuzimela
Kusukela ngoNovemba 1, 1954 kanye nosuku lwangemva kokugqashuka kwenguquko yenkululeko yase-Algeria, lapho eneminyaka engu-19 kuphela ubudala, wayezilungiselele kahle ngokwengqondo, ezombusazwe nangokwenyama ukuze ahlangane futhi asekele abashokobezi base-Algeria ngokumelene namasosha esitha angamakoloni ngenhloso. yokuqeda ngokuphelele kanye nokuketula uhlelo lobukoloni baseFrance ezweni lase-Algeria.
Kepha ngokukhuphuka nokukhula kwesenzo sempi enobudlova ngokumelene namaFulentshi ahlomile kanye nezifiki ze-pied-noir ngaphambi nje kokuhlelwa kwengqungquthela ye-Soummam ngo-Agasti 20, 1956 kanye nokuhlelwa kwezinguquko endaweni yase-Algeria, ukuhlasela kwezikhali zokuvukela umbuso kanye ukucekela phansi kwaphathiswa u-Bouzid Boushaki edolobheni laseMénerville lamakoloni ukuze ehlise ingcindezi yokuziphindiselela yamaFulentshi ezifundeni eziseduze nezintaba nezisemaphandleni. Lokhu kucekela phansi kuzobandakanya iseli labaguquki eliholwa nguBoushaki edolobheni, elakhiwe ngamasosha ayishumi nambili. La masosha kwakufanele aqede ukuvukela umbuso futhi akuqhubekisele phambili ngokuhlasela izifiki zaseFrance kuleli dolobha lamasu laseMénerville (okwamanje iThénia), elaliqhele ngamakhilomitha amathathu enyakatho yedolobhana laseBoushaki elibizwa ngokuthi iSoumâa.
Umfowabo omdala, uBoualem Boushaki, owayengumhlengikazi esibhedlela saseMénerville, waqondisa ukuhlinzwa futhi wamnikeza imininingwane edingekayo ukuze alungiselele ukubekwa kwebhomu enkompolo yeposi phambi kwendlunkulu yedolobha kanye nokulethwa kwebhomu. Lezi ziqhumane kwadingeka zenziwe ngaphambi kobusuku buka-July 14, 1956, obuqondana nemikhosi yaseFrance ehlobene nalesi senzakalo esibalulekile saminyaka yonke. Ukuqhuma kwebhomu kwaba sematheni kanye nabezindaba zedolobha lase-Algeria nelaseParis, ikakhulukazi kuleli hhovisi le-P.T.T. Ibekwe phambi kwebutho lamasosha aseFrance aqinisekisa ukuqiniswa kwedolobha kanye nokuhlakazwa kwamanethiwekhi oguquko ase-Algeria ukuze kunxeshezelwe futhi kuliwe nezenzo zokucekela phansi ezehlukene eziqondiswe ezindaweni zezolimo zamakoloni ezizungeze lo mzila wamasu wedolobha.
Abazala bakaBouzid, njengomholi woguquko u-Yahia Boushaki (1935-1960) kanye neqhawe eliphikisayo u-Mohamed Rahmoune (1940-2022), bazulazula kuma-maquis azungeze iMénerville futhi bahlasela izithakazelo zezolimo nezempi zabahlali baseFrance, kanye njengombono womphakathi. Idolobha bekufanele libe nesiyaluyalu futhi liqubuke, noma ngabe lezi zenzo zokuguqula umbuso zaphela ngokufa kwabafel 'ukholo (u-shahid) emkhakheni wokuhlonipha, futhi yile ndlela uBouzid Boushaki kanye neseli lakhe lokucekela phansi elaliqashwe edolobheni kwadingeka basekele imizamo Amaqhawe. ye-National Liberation Army (ALN) esigabeni sayo sokuvukela umbuso esizinze eMénerville, maphakathi nesifunda sempi yesithathu, esifundeni sokuqala esizimele, empumalanga yesifunda sesine esingokomlando.
Ijele
U-Bouzid Boushaki waboshwa ngodlame ngoJulayi 4, 1956 ngamaphoyisa aseFrance kanye nebutho laseFrance emzini wakhe osedolobheni laseMénerville, eSiegwald, futhi lokhu kuboshwa kusenesikhathi kwenzeka kulandela ukuputshuka kobunhloli okwacasula iposi. umsebenzi wokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu wonakala futhi wehluleka, futhi ngaleyo ndlela cishe wonke amalungu eqembu lamavukela-mbuso asedolobheni athunjwa futhi ahlukunyezwa ngaphambi kokuba abulawe noma aboshwe. Ukuhlukunyezwa okukhulu kwenziwa ku-Boushaki nabahlanganyeli bakhe ekamu lokuhlushwa nobudlova be-Ferme Gauthier elisenyakatho yedolobha laseSouk El Had.
U-Bouzid wabe esehlukunyezwa ngendlela enyantisayo ngokushayiswa kukagesi e-Gégène futhi wahlukumezeka ngesihluku ngesikhathi engcwatshwa futhi evalelwe nomzala wakhe u-Mohamed Rahmoune emigodini yesikhamo sewayini yalesi sizinda sewayini esaguqulwa, phakathi kwezinye izindawo zezolimo, ngababulali u-Scarfo no-Mathieu emakamu okuhlushwa. kanye nokuqedwa ngokomzimba ngaphandle kokwahlulela.
Iziboshwa eziningi kule ndawo embi nenengekayo yokuhlushwa nokuhlukunyezwa kokuziphatha okubi nokungcolile zanqotshwa imihuzuko, ukushaqeka, ubuhlungu nokuphathwa kabi ezakuthola. Ngakho, imizimba nezinsalela zabo kwakufihlwe emithonjeni noma kwaphonswa emanzini oMfula i-Isser, futhi abaholi ababili bamavukela-mbuso, uBouzid Boushaki noMohamed Rahmoune, badluliselwa ngenhlanhla eyisimangaliso, ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa okuhlukunyezwa, bayiswa ejele laseSerkadji i-Kasbah yase-Algiers nabaholi bendawo benguquko abazokwahlulelwa.
Ukufa
U-Bouzid Boushaki ushone ngo-2023 endlini yakhe eku-Ali Anou Street, eduze kwamadolobhana aseSoumâa, eGueddara naseMeraldene.
Wabe wangcwatshwa eduze kukayise, uSi Mahamed Boushaki (1907-1995), kanye eduze nomkhulu wakhe u-Mohamed Seghir Boushaki (1869-1959), kanye nomfowabo u-Boualem Boushaki (1931-2003), emathuneni amaSulumane aseThénia abizwa ngokuthi iDjebbana IGhorba.
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Boushaki angase abhekisele ku:
Bouzid Boushaki - Osopolitiki wase-Algeria.
Mustapha Ishak Boushaki - Wefiziksi wase-Algeria.
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Imidlalo etholakala emakhasino amaningi ivamise ukubizwa ngemidlalo yasekhasino. Kugeyimu yekhasino, abadlali bagembula ukheshi noma ama-chips ekhasino emiphumeleni ehlukahlukene engaba khona engahleliwe noma izinhlanganisela zemiphumela. Imidlalo yekhasino iyatholakala futhi emakhasino aku-inthanethi, lapho kuvunyelwe ngokomthetho. Amageyimu ekhasino nawo angadlalwa ngaphandle kwamakhasino ngezinjongo zokuzijabulisa, njengasemaphathini noma emiqhudelwaneni yezikole, emishinini elingisa ukugembula.
Izigaba
Nazi izigaba ezijwayelekile ezintathu zemidlalo yasekhasino: imishini yokudlala, imidlalo yetafula, nemidlalo yezinombolo engahleliwe. Imishini yokudlala, njengemishini ye-slot kanye ne-pachinko, ivamise ukudlalwa ngumdlali oyedwa ngesikhathi futhi ayidingi ukubandakanyeka kwezisebenzi zasekhasino. Imidlalo yamathebula, efana ne-blackjack noma i-craps, ifaka umdlali oyedwa noma abaningi abaqhudelana nendlu (ikhasino ngokwayo) kunomunye. Imidlalo yetafula ivamise ukuqhutshwa izisebenzi zasekhasino ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-croupier noma abathengisi. Imidlalo yezinombolo engahleliwe isuselwe ekukhethweni kwezinombolo ezingahleliwe, kusukela kujeneretha yenombolo engahleliwe ekhompuyutha noma kwezinye izisetshenziswa zokudlala. Imidlalo yezinombolo engahleliwe ingase idlalwe etafuleni noma ngokuthengwa kwamathikithi ephepha noma amakhadi, njenge-keno noma ibhingo.
Eminye imidlalo yasekhasino ihlanganisa izici eziningi ezingenhla; isibonelo, i-roulette iwumdlalo wetafula oqhutshwa umthengisi, ohlanganisa izinombolo ezingahleliwe. Amakhasino angase futhi anikeze ezinye izinhlobo zemidlalo, njengokusingatha imidlalo ye-poker noma imiqhudelwano lapho abadlali beqhudelana khona.
Imidlalo yasekhasino evamile
Imidlalo evame ukutholakala emakhasino ihlanganisa imidlalo yetafula, imishini yokudlala kanye nemidlalo yezinombolo engahleliwe.
Imidlalo yethebula
E-United States, 'igeyimu yetafula' igama elisetshenziselwa imidlalo yenhlanhla efana ne-blackjack, craps, roulette, ne-baccarat edlalwa ngokumelene nekhasino futhi eqhutshwa i-croupier eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, ngokuphambene naleyo edlalwa emshinini. idivayisi efana nomshini wokugembula noma ngokumelene nabanye abadlali esikhundleni sekhasino, njenge-poker evamile.
Imidlalo yamathebula idlalwa kakhulu emakhasino futhi ibandakanya uhlobo oluthile lokugembula okusemthethweni, kodwa futhi idlalwa ngasese ngaphansi kwemithetho yasekhaya eyahlukene. Leli gama linokubaluleka kokuthi ezinye izindawo zivumela amakhasino ukuthi abe nezikhala kuphela futhi angabi namidlalo yetafula. Kwezinye izifundazwe, lo mthetho ubangele ukuthi amakhasino asebenzise imidlalo yetafula ye-elekthronikhi, njenge-roulette, i-blackjack, ne-craps.
Imidlalo yethebula etholakala kumakhasino ihlanganisa:
I-Baccarat
I-Blackjack
Craps
I-roulette
I-poker (i-Texas hold'em, ukudonsa amakhadi amahlanu, i-Omaha hold'em)
Isondo elikhulu Six
Iphuli
Imishini yokudlala
Imishini yokudlala etholakala kumakhasino ihlanganisa:
Pachinko
Slot machine
Itheminali yelotho yevidiyo
I-poker yevidiyo
Imidlalo yezinombolo ezingahleliwe
Imidlalo yezinombolo ezingahleliwe etholakala kumakhasino ihlanganisa:
Ibhingo
I-Keno
ireferensi
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Casino umdlalo
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casino%20umdlalo
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Umthundohwe ungumXube okungewona owemvelo wenihwe nehwanzi onesicabayo NH3 .
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Umthundohwe
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umthundohwe
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IntshOngohwe (noma isOhwenkashu ) umzwayi okungewona owemvelo onesicabayo sevanga esithi </br> .
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IntshOngohwe
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IntshOngohwe
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Umcabongcono wuzalo lwezitshalo eziqhakazayo emndenini we-borage, i-Boraginaceae.
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Umcabongcono
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umcabongcono
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Umshini wokugembula, umshini wezithelo (isiNgisi saseBrithani), umshini we-poker noma ama-pokies (isiNgisi sase-Australia ne-New Zealand English) umshini wokugembula odala umdlalo wamathuba kumakhasimende awo. Imishini ye-Slot yaziwa nangokuthi izigebengu ezihlome ngezikhali eyodwa, kubhekiselwa kumishini emikhulu enamathiselwe ezinhlangothini zemishini yokuqala, kanye nasemandleni emidlalo okuthulula amaphakethe nezikhwama zemali zabadlali ngendlela amasela ebengenza ngayo.
Isakhiwo esijwayelekile somshini wokugembula sinesikrini esibonisa amareli amathathu noma ngaphezulu "asonta" lapho igeyimu yenziwe yasebenza. Eminye imishini yesimanje ye-slot isafaka i-lever njengesici somklamo we-skeuomorphic ukuze uqalise ukudlala. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kwemishini kwemishini yokuqala kuthathelwe indawo amajeneretha ezinombolo, futhi iningi manje selisetshenziswa kusetshenziswa izinkinobho nezikrini zokuthinta.
Imishini yezikhala ihlanganisa isitholi semali esisodwa noma ngaphezulu esiqinisekisa indlela yokukhokha, kungaba uhlamvu lwemali, imali eyiphepha, ivawusha, noma ithokheni. Umshini ukhokha ngokuvumelana nephethini yezimpawu eziboniswa lapho amareli eyeka "ukuphotha". Imishini ye-Slot iyindlela yokugembula ethandwa kakhulu emakhasino futhi yenza cishe u-70% wesilinganiso semali engenayo yekhasino yase-U.S.
Ubuchwepheshe bedijithali bubangele ukuhlukahluka komqondo wokuqala womshini we-slot. Njengoba umdlali empeleni edlala igeyimu yevidiyo, abakhiqizi banganikela ngezinto ezisebenzisanayo, njengemijikelezo yebhonasi ethuthukisiwe kanye nehluzo zamavidiyo ahlukahlukene.
I-Etymology
Igama elithi "slot machine" lisuselwa ezindaweni ezisemshinini zokufaka nokukhipha izinhlamvu zemali. "Umshini wezithelo" uvela ezithombeni zendabuko zezithelo ezisondweni eliphothayo njengolamula nama-cherry.
Umlando
Yayinezigubhu ezinhlanu eziphethe isamba sobuso bamakhadi angu-50 futhi yayisekelwe ku-poker. Lo mshini wabonakala uthandwa kakhulu, futhi ngokushesha izindawo zokucima ukoma eziningi edolobheni zaba neyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Abadlali babefaka i-nickel bese bedonsa i-lever, eyayiphenduka izigubhu namakhadi ababewaphethe, umdlali enethemba lokuthola isandla esihle se-poker. Kwakungekho indlela yokukhokha eqondile, ngakho-ke amakhosi amabili ayengase atholele umdlali ubhiya wamahhala, kuyilapho i-royal flush ingakhokha ugwayi noma iziphuzo; imiklomelo yayincike ngokuphelele kulokho isikhungo esizokunikeza. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe amathuba endlu, amakhadi amabili ayevame ukukhishwa emphemeni, amafosholo ayishumi kanye nojeke wezinhliziyo, okuphinda kabili amathuba okumelana nokuwina i-flush yasebukhosini. Izigubhu zingahlelwa kabusha ukuze kwehliswe amathuba omdlali okunqoba.
Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lokuwina okungaba khona kugeyimu yoqobo esekelwe ku-poker, kubonakale kungenakwenzeka ukwenza umshini okwazi ukunikeza inkokhelo ezenzakalelayo yazo zonke izinhlanganisela eziwinayo ezingaba khona. Ngesinye isikhathi phakathi kuka-1887 no-1895, u-Charles Fey wase-San Francisco, e-California wasungula indlela elula kakhulu ezenzakalelayo enamasondo okuphotha amathathu aqukethe ingqikithi yezimpawu ezinhlanu: izicathulo zamahhashi, amadayimane, amafosholo, izinhliziyo kanye Nensimbi Yenkululeko; insimbi yanikeza umshini igama layo. Ngokushintsha amakhadi ayishumi ngezimpawu ezinhlanu nokusebenzisa amasondo amathathu esikhundleni sezigubhu ezinhlanu, inkimbinkimbi yokufunda iwini yehliswe kakhulu, okuvumela u-Fey ukuthi aklame indlela yokukhokha ezenzakalelayo esebenzayo. Izinsimbi ezintathu zilandelana zikhiqize inkokhelo enkulu, ama-nickel ayishumi (50¢). I-Liberty Bell yaba yimpumelelo enkulu futhi yazala imboni yemishini yokudlala echumayo. Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, amadivaysi avalwa eCalifornia, kodwa uFey akakwazanga ukuhambisana nesidingo sawo kwenye indawo. Umshini we-Liberty Bell wawuthandwa kakhulu kangangokuthi wakopishwa abakhiqizi abaningi bemishini yokugembula. Eyokuqala yalezi, ebizwa nangokuthi "Insimbi Yenkululeko", yakhiqizwa umkhiqizi u-Herbert Mills ngo-1907. Ngo-1908, imishini "yensimbi" yayisifakiwe ezitolo zikagwayi, ezindlini zezifebe kanye nezitolo zokugunda. Imishini yakuqala, okuhlanganisa ne-1899 Liberty Bell, manje isiyingxenye ye-Fey Collection ye-Nevada State Museum's.
Imishini yokuqala ye-Liberty Bell ekhiqizwe yiMills yasebenzisa izimpawu ezifanayo kumareli njengoba kwenza ekaCharles Fey yasekuqaleni. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, kwakhiqizwa enye inguqulo enezimpawu zokushisekela izwe, njengamafulege namagoda ezimbali, emasondweni. Kamuva, umshini ofanayo obizwa ngokuthi Insimbi Yokusebenza wakhiqizwa owawuhlanganisa inketho yokwengeza okunamathiselwe okuthengiswayo koshingamu. Njengoba i-gum enikezwayo yayinambitheka izithelo, izimpawu zezithelo zafakwa kuma-reels: ama-lemons, ama-cherries, amawolintshi nama-plums. Insimbi yagcinwa, futhi kwakukhona nesithombe senduku ye-Bell-Fruit Gum, umsuka wophawu lwebha. Le sethi yezimpawu yabonakala ithandwa kakhulu futhi yasetshenziswa ezinye izinkampani ezaqala ukwenza eyazo imishini yokugembula: Caille, Watling, Jennings and Pace.
Indlela evame ukusetshenziswa ukugwema imithetho yokugembula ezifundeni eziningana kwakuwukunikeza imiklomelo yokudla. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izinkantolo eziningi zathathwa njengemishini yokungathembani i-gumball neminye imishini yokuthengisa. Amacala amabili e-Iowa e-State v. Ellis kanye ne-State v. Striggles womabili asetshenziswa ezigabeni zomthetho wobugebengu ukukhombisa umqondo wokuthembela esigunyeni njengoba uhlobene ne-axiomatic ignorantia juris non excusat ("ukungazi lutho umthetho akuzona izaba"). Kulezi zimo, umshini wokuthengisa we-mint kwathiwa uyidivayisi yokugembula ngoba umshini, ngenhlanhla ekhiqizwe ngaphakathi, ngezikhathi ezithile uzonikeza umsebenzisi olandelayo amathokheni amaningana angashintshwa ukuze uthole uswidi owengeziwe. Naphezu kokuboniswa komphumela wokusetshenziswa okulandelayo emshinini, izinkantolo zanquma ukuthi "[t]umshini unxuse ukuthambekela komdlali ukugembula, futhi lokho [ku]bi."
Ngo-1963, u-Bally wakha umshini wokuqala we-electromechanical slot obizwa ngokuthi i-Money Honey (yize imishini yangaphambili efana ne-Bally's High Hand draw-poker machine yayibonise izinto eziyisisekelo zokwakha i-electromechanical kusukela ngo-1940). Ukusebenza kwayo nge-electromechanical kwenza i-Money Honey yaba umshini wokugembula wokuqala one-bottom hopper kanye nenkokhelo ezenzakalelayo yezinhlamvu zemali ezingafinyelela kwezingu-500 ngaphandle kosizo lomlindi. Ukuduma kwalo mshini kuholele ekwandeni kwemidlalo yama-elekthronikhi, kanti i-side lever yasheshe yaba yinto engekho.
Umshini wokufakwa kwevidiyo wokuqala wasungulwa ngo-1976 e-Kearny Mesa, eCalifornia yiFortune Coin Co yase-Las Vegas. Lo mshini wasebenzisa isamukeli sombala se-Sony Trinitron esilungisiwe esingu-19-intshi (48 cm) esibukweni namabhodi anengqondo kuzo zonke izikhala- imisebenzi yomshini. I-prototype ifakwe kusayizi ogcwele, olungele umbukiso womshini wekhabethe. Amayunithi okuqala okukhiqiza aqulwa icala eLas Vegas Hilton Hotel. Ngemva kokulungiswa okuthile ukuze kunqotshwe imizamo yokukopela, umshini wokufakwa kwevidiyo wagunyazwa Ikhomishini Yemidlalo Yesifunda Sase-Nevada futhi ekugcineni wathola ukuduma e-Las Vegas Strip nasemakhasino amaphakathi nedolobha. I-Fortune Coin Co. kanye nobuchwepheshe bayo be-video slot-machine kwathengwa yi-IGT (International Gaming Technology) ngo-1978.
Umshini wokufakwa kwevidiyo wokuqala waseMelika owanikeza umzuliswano webhonasi "wesikrini sesibili" kwakuyi-Reel 'Em In, eyathuthukiswa yi-WMS Industries ngo-1996. Lolu hlobo lomshini lwaluvele e-Australia kusukela okungenani ngo-1994 nomdlalo we-Three Bags Full. Ngalolu hlobo lomshini, isibonisi siyashintsha ukuze sinikeze igeyimu ehlukile lapho kungase kukhishwe khona inkokhelo eyengeziwe.
Ireferensi
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Slot imishini
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slot%20imishini
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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Ikhasino iTwin Pine iyikhasino yaseNdiya etholakala eMiddletown, eCalifornia. Yavulwa ngoNovemba 1994 futhi iphethwe yiMiddletown Rancheria yamaNdiya asePomo.
Ikhasino engu-10,000 square feet (930 m2) inemishini yokudlala engaphezu kuka-500, namatafula angu-12 emidlalo.
Ihhotela, elahlelwa okokuqala ngo-2007, futhi lavulwa ngo-2009, linamagumbi angu-60.
Izixhumanisi zangaphandle
Iwebhusayithi Esemthethweni
fast payout casinos
Ireferensi
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Twin Pine Casino
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin%20Pine%20Casino
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zu
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zul
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Latn
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Amaphatho awubuhlobo obuphakathi kwezinto lapho khona into eyodwa iqoka, noma isebenza njengensiza yokuxhuma noma ukukhongca kwenye into.
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Amaphatho
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaphatho
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Ukudlala uhlelo (nokugebenga, ukuhlukumeza, ukukopela, ukusenga, ukudlala, ukusebenza, noma ukwephula uhlelo, noma ukudlala noma ukugoba imithetho) kungachazwa njengokusebenzisa imithetho nezinqubo ezihloselwe ukuvikela uhlelo ukuze, esikhundleni salokho, lukhohlise uhlelo. ukuze uthole umphumela oyifunayo.
Ukusetshenziswa okubhaliwe kokuqala okwaziwayo kwegama elithi "gaming the system" kwenzeka ngo-1975. NgokukaJames Rieley, umeluleki waseBrithani kuma-CEO kanye nombhali, izinhlaka ezinkampanini nasezinhlanganweni (kokubili izinqubomgomo nezinqubo ezisobala nezingacacile, imigomo eshiwo, kanye nezibonelo zengqondo) ziqhuba ukuziphatha okulimaza impumelelo yenhlangano yesikhathi eside futhi kuvimbe ukuncintisana. Kwabanye, iphutha liwumnyombo womdlalo wesistimu, lapho igebe kuphrothokholi livumela imikhuba eyiphutha eholela emiphumeleni engahlosiwe.
Nakuba leli gama ngokuvamile linezincazelo ezingezinhle, imidlalo yesistimu ingase isetshenziselwe izinjongo ezinhle ekucekeleni phansi nokudiliza izinhlangano ezikhohlakele noma ezicindezelayo.
Izibonelo
Ezezimali
U-Henry Paulson, ecabangela ukuthi inkinga yezezimali ka-2007-08 yabonisa ukuthi izimakethe zezimali zase-US zase zikhulile ikhono lohlelo olwalusetshenziselwe ukuzilawula, wabona njengesidingo uhlaka olungcono kunezimakethe zezimali zase-US ngaphambili. Lolu hlaka lungaba yilolo olubonisa ukuphindwaphindwa okuncane futhi olukhawulela ikhono lezinkampani zezezimali lokukhetha nokukhetha ezazo, ngokuvamile izilawuli eziqinile—umkhuba owaziwa ngokuthi i-arbitrage elawulayo, evumela ukusabalala kwemidlalo yesistimu yokulawula.
Umphumela ofanayo, onikelayo ukhonjwe ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo zokulinganisa zebhizinisi, lapho imidlalo yesistimu iba yingozi lapho ukwenziwa ngokusemthethweni kuhlanganiswa nokuba sobala.
I-inthanethi
Abaklami bemiphakathi eku-inthanethi baxwayiswa ngokusobala ukuthi noma nini lapho umuntu enza isistimu yokuphatha umphakathi, othile uzozama ukuyisebenzisela inzuzo yakhe. Ngakho-ke, bayelulekwa zisuka nje ukuthi bacabange njengomuntu omubi futhi bacabangele ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokuziphatha abazikhuthaza bengahlosile ngokudala imithetho emisha yezenhlalo yomphakathi.
Ukukhulisa izingane
Ukuhlukana kwabazali ekukhuliseni izingane kuyohlale kunikeza ingane ithuba elanele lokudlala umzali oyedwa komunye. Inkolelo-mbono ye-object relationship ithi uma umzali oyedwa esebenza kalula kanti omunye enesandla esiqinile, ingane ingase isebenzise lokho kuhlukana. Ngokwalo mbono, lokhu kuhlale kuwukunqoba okuyize; ngempela ingane inethemba lokuthi abazali bayoqala ukusebenzisana ukuze babeke imingcele.
Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi ukuphakela okuncikene - ukunikeza izibiliboco uma kudliwa ukudla okungathandwayo - kukhuthaza izingane ukuthi ziphikisane futhi zizijwayeze ukudlala uhlelo ngokulwela ukuphrinta okuhle.
Udokotela wamazinyo we-NHS
Udokotela wamazinyo we-NHS e-UK ubona ukusetshenziswa okuvamile komdlalo wesistimu ngendlela yokujwayela ukwelashwa ohlelweni lokukhokha, oluvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukudlala". Umkhuba wokujwayela ukwelashwa kuzinhlelo zokukhokha, kunesidingo somtholampilo, kucatshangwa ukuthi usabalele kudokotela wamazinyo we-NHS futhi ubhekwa ngabanye njengomphumela wesistimu esekelwe okuhlosiwe ehlelwe kabi. Leli gama lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukufiphala kobubanzi bodokotela wamazinyo we-NHS ukuze "kuthengiswe" izinto zokwelapha okufanele zibe khona.
Ukuphathwa kokusebenza
Ekulawulweni kokusebenza, umdlalo wesistimu uthola izindlela zokuthola amaphuzu amahle kumamethrikhi okusebenza (abasebenzi noma iminyango) ngaphandle kokufeza izinjongo zenhlangano amamethrikhi agqugquzelwa ukuthi ayiphromothe. Lokhu kuhlobene nenkinga eyaziwa kakhulu ekhona ekwakhiweni kwesistimu yokukhuthaza, ngezinye izikhathi eyaziwa ngokuthi isisusa esihlanekezelwe, ngokuthi abantu bazothambekela ekuphishekeleni izisusa, ngisho nangezindlela ezingenangqondo, uma isisusa sakhiwe ngokunganaki. Isibonelo, ukugxekwa kwamamethrikhi ezinga lombhali kusayensi kuvame ukuchaza ubungozi bamaqhinga egeyimu wamamethrikhi anjalo.
Ukubusa kwe-algorithmic
Noma kunini lapho uhulumeni eveza izinto obala ezinqumweni eziyimfihlo ngaphambilini, lezo zinqubo zesinqumo ziba ezidlalekayo. Amaqembu alungisa ukuziphatha kwawo ukuze akhulise imiphumela yawo. Indaba yokuphatha i-algorithmic ayihlukile. Izinhlangano ezilawulwayo zingase zisebenzise ukufunda komshini ophikisanayo ukuze bakhohlise amamodeli we-algorithmic.
Okunye
U-Eric Berne uhlonze uhlobo lomdlalo wesistimu esimweni somtholampilo ngalokho akubiza ngokuthi umdlalo we-"Psychiatry", nesiqubulo sawo esithi "Awusoze wangiphilisa, kodwa uzongifundisa ukuba yi-neurotic engcono (dlala umdlalo ongcono 'Psychiatry')." Iziguli ezimbalwa, waphawula, zikhetha ngokucophelela ama-psychoanalyst abuthakathaka, zisuka kwesinye ziye kwenye, zibonisa ukuthi azikwazi ukuphulukiswa futhi okwamanje zifunda ukudlala umdlalo obukhali futhi obukhali 'we-Psychiatry;' ekugcineni kuba nzima ngisho nakudokotela osezingeni lokuqala ukuhlukanisa ukolweni namakhoba.
Abanye abantu badida "ukudlala uhlelo" "nokusebenza uhlelo". Ukudlala uhlelo kunomqondo ongemuhle, kuyilapho ukusebenza uhlelo kunencazelo enhle. Ukusebenza isistimu kusho ukuthi umuntu usebenzisa ukuqonda ukuze asebenze ngaphakathi kwesistimu ukuze afinyelele amasethi ezinjongo eziqondanisa, kanti ukudlala isistimu kusho ukusebenzisa lokhu kuqonda ukuze afinyelele imigomo ethile engahambisani nayo yonke isethi yemigomo. Ngokuya ngentshisekelo yababukeli noma izinjongo ezikhethwayo, lokhu kungase kuthathwe njengokungalungile noma njengomphumela uhlelo olwalungahloselwe wona. Isizathu somehluko phakathi komdlalo wesistimu nokusebenza kohlelo ilele ekubeni khona (okucatshangwayo) ukungqubuzana phakathi kwamagoli.
Ireferensi
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Ukudlala uhlelo
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukudlala%20uhlelo
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zu
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zul
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I-PokerStars iyigumbi lekhadi le-poker eku-inthanethi. Ingosi ye-poker yemali yangempela enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, elawula ngaphezu kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zemakethe ye-poker eku-inthanethi, futhi ingafinyelelwa ngamaklayenti e-poker alandekayo eWindows, macOS, Android ne-iOS.
Umqhudelwano wesathelayithi eku-inthanethi we-PokerStars.com ukhiqize umpetha we-2003 World Series of Poker (WSOP), uChris Moneymaker. Njengomuntu wokuqala ukuba ngumpetha womhlaba ngokufanelekela indawo ye-poker eku-inthanethi, Ukuwina kukaMoneymaker ngo-2003 kwaba yisici esibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni i-poker boom maphakathi nawo-2000s. Abezindaba babize lokhu "umphumela wokwenza imali."
I-PokerStars ibiyingxenye ye-The Stars Group yaze yathengiswa ku-Flutter Entertainment, umnikazi wenkampani yase-Ireland yokugembula i-Paddy Power, ngoMeyi 5, 2020.
Umlando
I-PokerStars yethule isayithi yayo ye-beta yokudlala imali kuphela ngomhlaka-11 Septhemba 2001. Le nkampani yaqala ukunikela ngokubheja ngemali yangempela ngoDisemba 12, 2001. I-PokerStars ekuqaleni yayiyinkampani yaseCosta Rica, iRational Enterprises, ingxenye yenkampani yaseCanada iThe Stars Group okwakungabanikazi abaningi bomndeni waseCanada Scheinberg. Inkampani yabe isithuthelwa e-Onchan, e-Isle of Man. Lesi sinyathelo saqhutshwa ukusungulwa kwenani lentela lebhizinisi elingu-0% kanye nokususwa kwemithetho evimbela izinkampani ukuba zamukele ukubhejwa kwekhasino ne-poker e-United States. I-PokerStars inamalayisense amaningi kwezinye izindawo (bona Izimakethe Ezilawulwayo ngezansi). NgoFebhuwari 2012, i-PokerStars yathola ilayisensi ye-European Union enikezwe i-Malta Lotteries and Gaming Commission.
Ngenkathi ingeyangasese, i-PokerStars ibilokhu iyindatshana yokuqagela kwabezindaba zezezimali mayelana nokunikezwa okungenzeka kokuqala komphakathi noma ukuhlanganiswa nenkampani esohlwini lwasesidlangalaleni. Abahlaziyi balinganisela ukuthi inani layo lemakethe lalingaba cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili ngo-2006, okwakungenza inkampani ibe enye yezinkampani ezizimele zokugembula ezinkulu emhlabeni. I-PokerStars yadlula i-PartyPoker njengegumbi le-poker elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni ngemva kokuba iCongress yase-U.S. iphasise uMthetho Wokuphoqelela Ukugembula Kwe-inthanethi Okungekho emthethweni ka-2006. Amasayithi amaningi, kuhlanganise ne-PartyPoker, amisa ngokushesha ibhizinisi nabagembuli base-U.S., kuyilapho abanye, kuhlanganise ne-PokerStars, bengakwenzi lokho.
NgoZibandlela wezi-2009, i-PokerStars yaqopha umlando womqhudelwano omkhulu kakhulu ku-inthanethi. Imali yokungenela umqhudelwano yayingu-$1, futhi isibalo sabangenele sifinyelele ku-149,196. Baphula lelo rekhodi ngoDisemba 2011, lapho abadlali abangu-200,000 bedlala emqhudelwaneni wokuthenga nge-$1 ngomklomelo wokuqala wama-$50,000. I-PokerStars ibimatasatasa ngesikhathi kusaqala lo mqhudelwano, kwadingeka ukuthi yonke imiqhudelwano imiswe imizuzu engu-20 ngenxa yokuthi isiminyaminya sashayisa amaseva abo. Leli rekhodi laphinde laphulwa futhi ngoJuni 2013, nababambe iqhaza abangu-225,000. Ukuthengwa kwaba ngu-$1 futhi kwangena ngokuphelele echibini lomklomelo, ngaphandle kwereki.
NgoJanuwari 2012, i-PokerStars yethula iklayenti leselula elilandekayo le-iOS kusuka ku-iTunes. NgoFebhuwari 2012, inkampani iphinde yethula iklayenti le-Android.
NgoJulayi 2012, i-PokerStars yathenga imbangi yayo yangaphambili, i-Full Tilt Poker. Isivumelwano sika-$731 million saxazulula icala lombango noMnyango Wezobulungiswa ngenkathi sinika ubunikazi bezimpahla ze-Full Tilt Poker ku-PokerStars.
NgoJuni 2014, iThe Stars Group, ngaleso sikhathi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Amaya Inc, yavuma ukuthenga i-PokerStars kanye nenkampani engumzali wayo ngemali engu-$4.9 billion. Isivumelwano saqedwa ngo-Agasti 1, 2014. Kamuva isivumelwano saholela ophenyweni olukhulu lokuhweba lwangaphakathi olwenziwe yi-Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF) esikhathini esiyiminyaka emine mayelana ne-Amaya Inc.
Kusukela ngo-April 2016, bafinyelele isivumelwano ne-Netent yokwengeza ideskithophu kanye nemidlalo yokugembula yeselula endaweni yayo yokwamukela i-poker eNew Jersey nakwezinye izindawo.
NgoFebhuwari 2017, i-Microgaming yamemezela ubudlelwano ne-PokerStars, ephethwe yinkampani engumzali ukuze kuhlanganiswe inkundla yayo ye-Quickfire.
NgoJulayi 2017, i-PokerStars yavuma isivumelwano nabaphathi bokuqothuka ukuze bathole ezinye zezimpahla eziyimbangi ye-PKR.com ngaphandle kokuvuselela umkhiqizo, kuyilapho ibuyisela imali esele ye-akhawunti egcwele yawo wonke umdlali we-PKR.
NgoZibandlela wezi-2017, i-PokerStars yethula umqhudelwano wabadlali abasha sha obizwa ngokuthi i-PokerStars Players No Limit Hold'em Championship, ozobanjwa ngoJanuwari 2019. Lo mqhudelwano kulindeleke ukuthi ube ngomunye wemicimbi emikhulu ekhalendeni le-poker laminyaka yonke elinamashumi amabili. -amadola ayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu uthenge kanye nebhonasi engu-$1 million kozophumelela.
NgoMashi 2018, I-Star Group yafinyelela isivumelwano nenkampani yemidlalo ye-Sugal & Damani ukuze isekele ukwethulwa komkhiqizo wayo we-PokerStars e-India.
NgoSepthemba 2018, i-PokerStars yethula i-PokerStars VR, umuzwa ogxile ngokuphelele we-virtual reality poker. Inkundla yathuthukiswa ngokubambisana nomthuthukisi wesofthiwe yento engekho ngokoqobo uLucky VR futhi yethulwa ku-EGX 2018.
Ngo-Okthoba 2019, I-Star Group, umnikazi we-PokerStars, yavuma ukutholwa yi-Flutter Entertainment, ekuhlanganisweni kwesabelo sonke esingamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-6. NgoMeyi 5, 2020, i-PokerStars yaba yingxenye ye-Flutter Entertainment.
Ngo-2021, abakwa-Pokerstars bangenela ubudlelwano neRed Bull Racing, bexhasa ithimba labo leFormula 1, nophawu oluzovela ezimotweni ezintsha zeRed Bull kumasizini ambalwa alandelayo, kanye nasemasudi kaMax Verstappen noSergio Pérez.
NgoJanuwari 2022, i-PokerStars yamemezela isivumelwano sobambiswano esinwetshiwe seminyaka eminingi ne-Red bull racing. Isivumelwano sasihlanganisa ukugqama kwe-PokerStars ku-RB18 namasudi omjaho. Le nkampani ithe ihlose ukunikeza abalandeli “izindlela ezintsha nezihlukile” zokubuka lo mdlalo ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe.
Ngo-April 2022, i-Pokerstars yethula ukushintshana kwabo kokubheja kontanga okwavumela amakhasimende ukuthi azifakele awabo amathuba futhi abheje ngokumelene namanye amakhasimende.
NgoDisemba 2022, i-Pokerstars yamemezela ukuthi abadlali baseMichigan naseNew Jersey ngeke bakwazi ukufinyelela kumaseva abo ngoDisemba 12 nangoDisemba 13 ukuze "bathuthukise isayithi" . Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuvumela abadlali be-poker baseMichigan naseNew Jersey ukuthi badlale ndawonye, njengoba zombili izifundazwe zingabambiqhaza Kusivumelwano Semidlalo Ye-inthanethi Yezifundazwe Eziningi (i-MSIGA). I-Pokerstars yathi, "Ukuthuthukiswa kuyingqopha-mlando edingekayo ukuze kulethe imidlalo eyengeziwe, amachibi emiklomelo emikhulu neziqinisekiso emiqhudelwaneni ye-poker ukuze abadlali be-poker baseNew Jersey naseMichigan bakwazi ukuqhudelana bodwa maduze nje."
Imidlalo
I-PokerStars inikezela ngokuhlukahluka okuningi kwe-poker: i-Texas hold 'em, i-Omaha, i-Omaha Hi/Lo (8 noma engcono), i-Courchevel, i-Stud, i-Stud Hi/Lo (8 noma i-Better), i-Razz, i-draw yamakhadi amahlanu, i-2-7 Triple Draw & 2-7 I-Single Draw, i-Badugi, IHHASHI, IHOSI, I-Mixed Hold'em, i-Omaha Hi/Lo Ehlanganisiwe, i-Triple Stud kanye ne-8-Game Mix. I-PokerStars iphinde inikeze "Imidlalo Exubile," ezungeza phakathi kweminye yale midlalo.
I-PokerStars ilinganisa abadlali abangaphezu kuka-15,000 abadlala imidlalo yemali yangempela nsuku zonke.
I-PokerStars yethule i-Zoom Poker ngo-March 2012, ngokwethulwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-May 2012. I-Zoom Poker ifomethi ye-poker yegeyimu eyindandatho egoqeka ngokushesha lapho izimbangi zishintsha khona ngemva kwesandla ngasinye. Inhloso ye-Zoom poker ukunikeza abadlali izandla eziningi ze-poker kunasemdlalweni ojwayelekile wendandatho. NgoJanuwari 2013 i-PokerStars yethula imiqhudelwano ye-Zoom Poker ngenxa yesidingo esidumile sokuhlukahluka okusheshayo.
Imiqhudelwano eku-inthanethi
Umqhudelwano wamasonto onke we-Sunday Million walesi siza unendawo eqinisekisiwe yomklomelo ongu-$1 million kanye nokuthenga ngo-$215. I-Sunday Million iwumqhudelwano omkhulu wamasonto onke we-poker we-inthanethi. NgoMashi 7, 2011, I-5th Anniversary Sunday Million yaphula amarekhodi, ngabadlali abangu-59,128 abadale isamba semali engu-$11,825,600.
I-World Championship of Online Poker (WCOOP) ibilokhu igijima kusukela ngo-2002 futhi ithathwa [ngubani?] njengelingana ku-inthanethi ne-World Series of Poker. Uchungechunge lomqhudelwano we-WCOOP uchungechunge lwe-poker oluku-inthanethi olukhulu kakhulu futhi lukhokha imiklomelo emikhulu kakhulu ku-poker eku-inthanethi. Umpetha we-WCOOP 2010 Main Event u-Tyson "POTTERPOKER" Marks uwine u-$2.2 Million, umklomelo omkhulu kunawo wonke emlandweni womqhudelwano we-inthanethi.
I-Spring Championship ye-Online Poker (SCOOP) yasungulwa ngo-2009 futhi isibe uchungechunge lomqhudelwano oludume kakhulu ku-inthanethi. Ngokungafani ne-WCOOP, kukhona iziteki ezintathu ezihlukene zokuthenga emicimbini ye-SCOOP: Okuphansi, Okumaphakathi (Isiteki esiphansi esingu-10x) kanye Nesiteki Esiphezulu (100x Esiphansi).
IMicro Millions yethulwa ngoMashi 2012 njengochungechunge lomqhudelwano olwakhelwe abadlali bezokungcebeleka nabancane abanikeza ishejuli yomqhudelwano wokuthengwa okuphansi kanye nemiklomelo emikhulu yemali eqinisekisiwe. I-PokerStars iqinisekise u-$5 million emachibini omklomelo esitolimende sesibili seMicroMillions.
Ngo-2014, i-PokerStars ibisingatha imiqhudelwano ye-inthanethi engu-500,000 usuku ngalunye.
ireferensi
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/PokerStars
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Ukushintshana ngokubheja kuyindawo yemakethe ukuze amakhasimende abheje ngomphumela wemicimbi ehlukahlukene. Ukuhwebelana ngokubheja kunikeza amathuba afanayo okubheja njengobhuki ngokuhluka okumbalwa. Abagembuli bangathenga (okubuye kwaziwe ngele-"back") futhi bathengise (okubuye kwaziwe ngele-"lay") umphumela, futhi bangahweba ngesikhathi sangempela kuwo wonke umcimbi, ukuze banciphise ukulahlekelwa kwabo noma bakhiyele inzuzo. Ama-opharetha angamabhuki enza imali ngokunikeza amathuba angasebenzi kahle. Ukuhwebelana kokubheja kuvame ukwenza imali ngokukhokhisa ikhomishini encane ekubhejelweni okuwinile.
Umlando
Izingxoxo zokubheja zokuqala kwakuyi-Matchbook, flutter.com kanye ne-Betfair. I-Flutter ne-Betfair zihlanganiswe ngo-2001 ne-Betfair ekhethwe njengendawo yokushintshisana yokubheja eyinhloko. Isiza se-flutter.com yayeka ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 2002. Kusukela lapho i-Betfair igcine isikhundla esiphambili emakethe yokushintshisana ngokubheja. I-BETDAQ (ephinde idayiswe ngokuthi 'Ladbrokes Exchange') kukholakala ukuthi ingeyesibili ngobukhulu bezokubheja futhi inesabelo esilinganiselwa ku-7% semakethe yokushintshisana ngokubheja ngo-2013. I-BETDAQ bekungeye-Ladbrokes plc (manje eyiLadbrokes Coral) kulandela ukutholwa kwayo ngo-February 2013, kodwa isidayiswe ekupheleni kuka-2021 kwa-Exchange Platform Solutions Limited.
Ukuhwebelana nobhuki bendabuko kuqhathaniswa
Izingxoxo eziningi zenza imali yazo ngokukhokhisa ikhomishini ebalwa njengephesenti lokuwina okuphelele kwekhasimende ngalinye kumcimbi ngamunye, noma imakethe. Abagembuli imisebenzi yabo yokubheja ibekelwe imingcele ngababhuki (imvamisa yokuwina imali eningi) bayakwazi ukubheja ngosayizi ongakhawulelwe inqobo nje uma ikhasimende elilodwa noma amaningi aphikisayo ezimisele ukufanisa ukubheja kwawo. Amathuba atholakalayo ekushintshisaneni kokubheja ngokuvamile angcono kunalawo anikezwa obhuki, naphezu kwekhomishini ekhokhiswayo, ngoba kukhona ukuzungeza okuncane.
Naphezu kwalezi zinzuzo, ukuhwebelana okwamanje kunemikhawulo ethile. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuhwebelana kudinga ukugxilisa imali yabo ezimakethe ezimbalwa ngangokunokwenzeka, okwamanje abakulungele ukubheja okungakhawulelwe kwe-parlay. I-Betfair ayinikezi iziqoqi kodwa lezi zikhawulelwe ngenombolo nohlobo: abasebenzisi abakwazi ukunquma imiphumela equkethwe kuziqoqiwe ngokwabo. Okunye ukuhwebelana okufana ne-BETDAQ nakho kunikeza iziphindaphinda kodwa ukushintshana kusebenza ngendlela efanayo nobhuki bendabuko ekwenzeni kanjalo (okungukuthi bona ngokwabo hhayi ikhasimende njengesendlalelo salokho kubheja). Ukushintshana futhi kuvame ukukhawulela izingqinamba ezinganikezwa phakathi kuka-1.01 (1 kuya ku-100) kanye no-1000 (999 kuya ku-1).
Ukusekela nokubeka
Ngokwesiko ukubheja kwenzeka phakathi kwekhasimende nobhuki lapho ikhasimende 'lihlehla' (libheja ukuthi umphumela uzokwenzeka) kanye nobhuki 'ebeka' (ukubheja ukuthi umphumela ngeke ube khona). Ukushintshana ngokubheja kunikeza ithuba kunoma ubani ukuthi abuye futhi alale. Isikweletu yinani umuntu angalahlekelwa kulo esimweni esibi kakhulu.
Isibonelo, uma othile ecabanga ukuthi Ithimba A lizowina umncintiswano, angase asekele lokho kukhetha. Ubhuki onikeza lokhu kubheja kumdlali uzokhetha le nketho. Zombili izinhlangothi zizovumelana ngokubheja komxhasi nama-odds. Uma iqembu lihlulwa, ungqimba/ubhuki ugcina ukubheja komxhasi. Uma iqembu liwina, ungqimba luzokhokhela umxhasi imali ewinile ngokuvumelana nezingqinamba okuvunyelwene ngazo. Njengoba konke ukubheja okwenzayo kudinga umxhasi kanye nesendlalelo, futhi ukushintshaniswa kokubheja kungeyena umhlanganyeli ekubhejelweni okwenziwa kukho, noma yikuphi ukushintshisana kokubheja kudinga kokubili abaxhasi nezingqimba.
Ukubheja ekudlaleni
Ukuhwebelana kuvumela ukuthi kubhejwe ngesikhathi kudlalwa noma kudlalwa (okungukuthi, ukubheja ngesikhathi umjaho noma umdlalo usaqhubeka). Lesi sici ngokuvamile sikhawulelwe emicimbini edume kakhulu lapho kutholakala khona ukusakazwa komabonakude bukhoma.
Nakuba ukubheja okungadlali kufakwa ohlelweni ngokushesha ngemva kokufakwa yikhasimende, lapho ukubheja ekudlaleni kungase kuqalwe ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi ukuze kwenziwe kube nzima kakhulu kumakhasimende angathembekile ukwamukela okunikezwayo ngokubheja kunoma yini. isizathu sivele saba sihle kakhulu. Izimakethe zingase futhi ziphathwe ngokusebenzayo ngu-opharetha. Kulokhu, ukubheja kuzomiswa kafushane ngemva kwesenzakalo ngasinye esingadala ushintsho olukhulu kumathuba (isibonelo, kumagoli emidlalo yebhola lezinyawo, ukukhahlelwa kwamaphenathi kanye nokukhishwa kwekhadi kungaqinisekisa ukumiswa okunjalo), ukuze kukhanselwe ukubheja okungenakuqhathaniswa.
Abahwebi kanye nama-arbitrageurs
Ama-Arbitrageur (ngokuvamile "ama-arbers") azama ukubheja ngasikhathi sinye kuyo yonke imiphumela engaba khona ukuze enze inzuzo eqinisekisiwe. Umhwebi usebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-arbitrageur kodwa uzimisele ukuthatha ingozi eyengeziwe futhi abheje ezenzakalweni lapho ingekho inzuzo esheshayo engenzeka. Umhwebi uthemba ukwenza inzuzo ngokuvala ukubheja ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lapho kunezingqinamba ezingcono kakhulu. Ukuvala ukubheja ukuze uthole inzuzo kuhlanganisa ukuqoqa imali eningi ngokubeka kunaleyo ekhokhwayo lapho umphumela ubuyiselwa emuva. Uma umcimbi ungenzeki khona-ke akukho mali elahlekile, ngaphandle kwalokho uma umhwebi ekwazi ukubeka isigxobo esiphezulu ngezingqinamba ezimfushane kunesiteki sakhe esingemuva khona-ke angakwazi ukuqinisekisa inani elifanayo lenzuzo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umphumela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma izingqinamba zihamba ngokumelene nomhwebi angase akhethe ukuvala ukubheja ukuze anciphise ukulahlekelwa kwakhe. Ukuhweba kungenziwa ngaphambi kokuqala komcimbi noma ngenkathi umcimbi usaqhubeka uma kunikezwa ukubheja okudlalwayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhweba ngaphambi kokuba umcimbi uqale, ukuhweba ngokudlala ngokuvamile kuhilela kokubili ubungozi obukhulu kanye namandla okwenza imali eningi.
Abahwebi bangenza imali ngokubheja kuphela ngokuhwebelana noma ngobhuki, noma ngokuhlanganisa kokubili. Umhwebi angalala ngenani eliphansi ekushintshisaneni kokubheja abese ebuyela ngentengo ephezulu ngobhuki noma okunye ukushintshana. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kanyekanye ukuze kuqinisekiswe inzuzo noma-ke ithuba lingase liphele ngokushesha lapho izimakethe ze-liquid zilungisa izintengo ngokushesha kanye nababhuki abazama ukugwema ukucwaswa.
Izingxoxo eziningi zithumela amaphesenti ebhuku (aziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-overround noma "vig") ngokugqamile kumakethe ngayinye. Lawa maphesenti empeleni angamaphesenti ahlanganisiwe ashiwo amathuba okuba nzima okunikezwayo ekukhethweni ngakunye futhi kumakethe owinile oyedwa ngokuvamile azohlanganisa kufika ngaphezu kuka-100% kukho konke okukhethiwe (kodwa kuphela kancane emakethe yokuncintisana), nangaphansi kuka-100. % yezinketho zabanye. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhasa kanyekanye noma ukubeka zonke izinketho emakethe ngeke ngokuvamile kuqinisekise inzuzo. Ngezikhathi ezithile nakuba (ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho amathuba ethanda ukushintsha ngokushesha) okuhlukile kuzovela lapho ukunikezwa kokubuyisela noma ukubeka zonke izinketho kuzokwenziwa ukuthi uma ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi ngokunqwabelanayo kwamukelwe ezigxotsheni ezifanele kuzovumela umxazululi ukuthi aqinisekise inzuzo. Kodwa-ke, izenzakalo ezinjalo zivame ukuzilungisa ngokushesha futhi ukushintshana ngokuvamile kuzama ukuvimba amakhasimende ekuzameni ukusizakala ngezimo ezinjalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze umthengisi noma i-arbitrageur ihlanganise ukuhwebelana okuhlukene kanye/noma ababhuki ukuze bathole inzuzo kudinga umehluko omkhulu wentengo uma inzuzo eqinisweni izokwenziwa uma ikhomishini yokushintshisana isicatshangelwa. Ngisho naphakathi kokuhwebelana, umehluko omkhulu kangaka wamanani awuvamile, ufushane futhi ngokuvamile uhilela iziteki ezincane uma kuqhathaniswa. Ngenhlanhla kubahwebi, cishe zonke izimakethe zokubheja zikhokhisa ikhomishini ekuzuzeni okuphelele kuphela futhi azikhokhi ikhomishini nhlobo uma kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa inetha. Lokhu kufanela inzuzo ephezulu yomthengisi, isu lenzuzo ephansi inqobo nje uma ebheja ngokushintshana okukodwa kuphela.
Ngaphandle uma umhwebi ezimisele ukwamukela izingozi ezikhona ngokuhweba okudlalwayo, inzuzo noma ukulahlekelwa komhwebi ngokuvamile ngeke kube ngaphezu kuka-10% yenani eliphelele leqolo lakhe elihlanganisiwe futhi abeke iziteki kunoma iyiphi imakethe, ukuze amanani anengqondo emali umthengisi ayidingayo ukuze enze imali enkulu uma kuqhathaniswa. Ngakho-ke umhwebi usengozini yokuba nokubheja okukhulu okungafunwa emcimbini uma engakwazi ukuvala isikhundla sakhe ngaphambi kokuba umcimbi uqale (isb., uma kunezinkinga zobuchwepheshe ngoxhumo lwakhe lwe-inthanethi noma ngokushintshanisa).
Abahwebi kanye nama-arbitrageurs bavame ukutuswa ngezimakethe "ezikhiqizayo" ezinamanani ancintisanayo kakhulu kunalokho obekungaba khona ngaphandle kwabo. Kodwa-ke, ukukhokhiswa kwe-Betfair kwe-premium ngo-September 2008 kwabonwa abanye njengokuqondiswe kubahwebi abanekhono kakhulu, okucatshangwa ukuthi ihweba ngokulahlekelwa okungavamile kakhulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela bekuzokhokha kancane endleleni yekhomishini. Ekuphenduleni, ukuhwebelana kwezimbangi kuthembise ukuthi ngeke bethule amacala afanayo, mhlawumbe ngethemba lokuheha abahwebi ukuthi bahambise ibhizinisi labo (kanye nemali) kwenye indawo.
Ingxabano
Iqiniso lokuthi abagembuli bangabeka imiphumela ekuhwebeni kuholele ekugxekweni kobhuki bendabuko okuhlanganisa ne-"Big Three" yase-UK - i-Gala Coral Group, i-Ladbrokes kanye noWilliam Hill. Lezi zinkampani zithi ukunika abadlali “abangaziwa” amandla okubheja ukuthi umphumela ngeke ube khona kudala inkohlakalo emidlalweni efana nomjaho wamahhashi kwazise kulula kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ihhashi lizohlulwa emjahweni kunokuqinisekisa ukuthi lizowina.
Ukushintshana kuphikisa ukuthi, nakuba inkohlakalo ingenzeka kunoma iyiphi inkundla yokugembula, izimpikiswano zababhuki azishukunyiswa ukukhathazeka ngobuqotho bezemidlalo kodwa izithakazelo zezohwebo. Abahwebi baphinde bagomele ngokuthi bawazi kahle ukuthi angobani amakhasimende abo futhi bagcina irekhodi eliphelele layo yonke imisebenzi yokubheja uma kwenzeka kuba nemibuzo, kanti ababhuki abasemgwaqweni ophakeme babhejela ngemali engaziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhasimende angaqapha izingqinamba ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ezisebenziseka kalula ngokuzimela. Ukuhwebelana kanye neziphathimandla kungaxwayiswa ngokushesha uma amaphethini okubheja asolisayo ebonakala. Ezinye izingxoxo zisayine izivumelwano nezigungu ezengamele ezemidlalo okuhlanganisa neJockey Club, abagcizelela ukuthi bazosebenzisana nayo ngokugcwele uma laba besola inkohlakalo. Ukushintshana kubambisene nophenyo lwamaphoyisa lapho ecelwa ukuba enze kanjalo, ngezinye izikhathi okuholela ekuboshweni.
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Ukushintshaniswa kokubheja
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukushintshaniswa%20kokubheja
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Hakawi News ( iphephandaba lase Gibhithe elasungulwa ngo 1970 ngusomabhizinisi waseGibhithe uMahmoud Mohamed Hassan. Yaqala njengephephandaba lamasonto onke ngo- August 2000 futhi yaba iphephandaba lansuku zonke ngoMeyi 12, 2003. Leli phephandaba elinezinkundla eziningi likhuluma ngezindaba zezombusazwe, ezomnotho, ezemidlalo, amasiko, kanye nezifundazwe. Imagazini yefilosofi, idrama, amahlaya, nezihloko ze-dragon Umhleli wayo oyinhloko ngu-Laila Emam.
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Notes
News
Izindaba ze-SABC
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News' imayelana nathi sibuyekeza zonke izindaba noma izindaba mayelana nemicimbi yamanje. Lokhu kunganikezwa ngezinhlobonhlobo zokuxhumana، zemidiya izwi lomlomo, ukunyathelisa, izinhlelo zeposi, ukusakaza, isistimu ebukhoma noma Telecommunications Electronic ukuxhumana, okuyinkundla yezokuxhumana ehlanganisa yonke imicimbi.
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AlAgha Group Yinkampani yase Gibhithe eyasungulwa ngoJanuwari 1, 2013, njengoba i-Google،( isho lapha ngesi-Arabhu, futhi isebenza emkhakheni wemishini kagesi Ngo 2023 inani labasebenzi lafinyelela kubasebenzi abangama 28,000.
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UmNgcikisho wamazuba noma (ubunjiniyela bakagesi) uqeqesho lwezomngcikisho oluphathelene nocwaningo, umklamo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwensiza zokusebenza, izilekeleli, nezimiso ezisebenzisa amazuba, izigabuzuba, kanye nobunzubawonga .
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I-Foxwoods Resort Casino iyinxanxathela yehhotela nekhasino ephethwe futhi isetshenziswa i-Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation endaweni yabo yokubhuka etholakala e-Ledyard, Connecticut. Kubandakanya amakhasino ayisithupha, indawo yokungcebeleka ihlanganisa indawo engu-9,000,000 sq ft (840,000 m2). Amakhasino anamatafula angaphezu kwangu-250 emidlalo ye-blackjack, craps, roulette, ne-poker, futhi anemishini yokugembula engaphezu kuka-5,500. Amakhasino anezindawo zokudlela eziningana, phakathi kwazo i-Hard Rock Cafe. Ithuthukisiwe kusukela izinguquko emithethweni yezwe neyenhlangano ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 zenza amageyimu aboMdabu aseMelika adlala ekubhukheni okuzimele kwezizwe ezaziwa ngokusemthethweni.
I-Foxwoods inemibhoshongo emibili yamahhotela, enamagumbi angamahhotela angu-2,228; kanye ne-arcade yezingane nentsha. Umbhoshongo wokuqala, iGrand Pequot Tower, wavulwa ngo-1997, kanti owesibili wavulwa ngo-2008 njengeMGM Grand. Yaphinde yabizwa ngokuthi i-Fox Tower ngo-2013. Ngo-2015, indawo yokudayisa, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Tanger Outlet Mall, yavulwa phakathi kwemibhoshongo emibili yamahhotela enezitolo ezingu-85 ezinezimpahla zikanokusho.
Umlando
I-Mashantucket Pequot Tribe yazuza ukuqashelwa kukahulumeni kanye nokulawula okusemthethweni kokubhukha kwayo ngesenzo seNgqungquthela ngo-1983, esaphula i-veto kaMongameli u-Ronald Reagan. Isizwe saqhubekela phambili nentuthuko. Basungula i-Foxwoods ngo-1986 njengehholo lebhingo elisezingeni eliphezulu ekubhukheni kwabo.
Lesi sizwe sihlanganyele no-Lim Goh Tong, umShayina waseMalaysia owasungula okuwukuphela kwekhasino esemthethweni e-Malaysia, ukuze uthole imali yokukhulisa i-Foxwoods ibe yikhasino yemidlalo ephelele.
Ngo-1992, lesi sizwe sengeza imidlalo yetafula, kwalandelwa enye imishini yokugembula ngo-1993. U-G. Michael Brown waba usihlalo wekhasino ngo-1993. bavuma ukukhokha amaphesenti angama-25 emali engenayo ye-slot kuhulumeni, isamba esingaba cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-200 ngonyaka kusukela ngo-2007. Ngonyaka wezimali ophela ngoJuni 2008, izikhala zeFoxwoods ezingu-6,300 zibambe ngaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingu-9.1 zamaRandi. NgoJanuwari 2012, "ukubamba" kwaba $45 million. Igumbi le-poker kanye nendawo yemidlalo yamatafula angu-30 enomkhawulo ophezulu yengezwe ngo-1995.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-Foxwoods itholakala emhlabeni ozimele wase-Mashantucket Pequot, akudingekile ukuthi uhambisane nemithetho yezwe ehlobene nokubhema. Yakhiwa ngo-1996, i-casino ayiyona indawo engabhemi. Ngenxa yezikhalazo ngasekuqaleni kwekhulunyaka lama-21 ezivela kubaxhasi nabasebenzi, iqoke izindawo eziningi ezijwayelekile, njengamaphasishi, izindlela zokuhamba, izindawo zokungcebeleka zamahhotela, izitolo zezitolo, kanye nezindawo eziningi zokudlela, njengezindawo ezingabhemi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqoke izindawo ezithile zababhemayo. Igumbi le-poker alibhemi, futhi izindawo ezihlukene zokudlala etafuleni nezokudlala zikhethwe njengezingabhemi.
Ngo-1997, i-deluxe ehlobene ne-Grand Pequot Tower yavulelwa ibhizinisi.
I-Foxwoods yake yabikwa njengekhasino enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, nakuba kamuva yadlulwa yi-Venetian Macau.
Okuzenzakalelayo kwesikweletu
Iminyaka ngemva kokuvulwa ngo-1992, i-Foxwoods yayinesandla ekugembuleni amakhasino esifundeni. Yenze izigidigidi zamadola enzuzweni.[catation needed] Ngaphambi nje kokuwohloka komnotho ngo-2008, iFoxwoods yaboleka imali eningi ukuze ixhase ukunwetshwa okukhulu ukuze kufakwe izindawo ezintsha zamahhotela nezinkomfa. Kusukela ngo-2009, iFoxwoods yahluleka ukukhokhela izikweletu ezingaphezu kwezigidigidi ezimbili zamaRandi. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-2014 i-Standard & Poor's yehlisa isilinganiso sesikweletu sikaFoxwoods. I-Mashantucket Pequot, abanikazi beFoxwoods, bafake izicelo futhi bathola izigidi zamaRandi kuzibonelelo zikahulumeni.
Idizayini
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abaphathi bekhasino bathole ukwakhiwa okugcwele kwendawo yokungcebeleka ngokuqasha izinhlangano ezimbalwa zamadizayini nezokwakha. Umsebenzi omningi kusukela ngo-1992 kuya ku-2001 waqedwa Abaphathi Bezokwakha u-CR Klewin owaziwa ngokuthi i-Klewin Building Co. kanti uMklami Werekhodi kwakuyi-JCJ Architecture (owayekade eyi-Jeter, Cook & Jepson) yase-Hartford, Connecticut. Imiklamo yokuhlela nemicabango yenziwa yi-New England Design Inc. kanye ne-Nick606 Inc. Izigaba zakamuva zaqedwa yi-Shawmut Design & Construction, i-Perini Building Co., i-AZ Corporation, nezinye, ngomsebenzi wokuklama owenziwe yi-Steelman Partners, HKS, Inc., nabanye. Abaphathi bendawo yokungcebeleka bayilungise kabusha yonke indawo yokungcebeleka kanye nekhasino, baphinda bayiqamba kabusha ngokuthi "The Fox". Ukwengeza, ukubukeka kwendawo yokungcebeleka kukhuthaza ukuqhathaniswa okuvamile noma ukubhekisela kuyo njenge-"Emerald City", kusukela kufilimu ethi Wizard of Oz.
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Amaphatho wezezibhangqiwe (noma amaphatho wakuxhakaxholo ) ayinkonzo yokunikezela ngosizo lwamaphatho womtapolwazi kuxhakaxholo, nalapho umsebenzi wamaphatho uqhutshwa ngesiCikizi khona .
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Ukudla okuGuqulwe iziFuzisi, okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi ukudla okuNgcikishwe iziFuzisi, noma ukudla okuNgcikishwimpilo kungukudla okukhiqizwa ngeziphili eziguqulwe uLibofuzo lwazo kusetshenziswa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zomngcikisho wezofuzo .
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I-Station Casinos, LLC iyinkampani yamahhotela nekhasino yaseMelika ezinze endaweni engaphansi kwe-Las Vegas yase-Summerlin South, Nevada, futhi yasungulwa ngu-Frank Fertitta Jr. Amakhasino Wesiteshi, kanye ne-Affinity Gaming, i-Boyd Gaming kanye ne-Golden Entertainment, abusa imakethe yendawo yamakhasino e-Las Vegas. Inkampani ithenge amasayithi ambalwa anelungelo lokudlala, okusho ukuthi amakhasino amakhulu angakhiwa kuleyo ndawo ngaphandle kwezimvume ezengeziwe. Kunenombolo elinganiselwe kuphela yamasayithi anjalo atholakala endaweni yaseLas Vegas. Amakhasino Esiteshi nawo ahlanganyele ekuphatheni amakhasino okungewona awawo. I-Red Rock Resorts, Inc. (Nasdaq: RRR) iyinkampani ebambe iqhaza ehweba esidlangalaleni ephethe ingxenye yeSiteshi Amakhasino.
Umlando
Le nkampani yaqala njengomqhubi wendawo yekhasino ngoJulayi 1, 1976, eyasungulwa nguFrank Fertitta Jr. Ikhasino yayo yokuqala kwakuyiBingo Palace, kamuva eyaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi Palace Station.
Ngo-2005, bekunezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa amakhasino ama-2 eReno: Isiteshi Amakhasino Reno naseMount Rose Station. Ngo-2020, umhlaba wathengiswa.
Ngomhla zi-4 kuZibandlela, 2006, amadodana ka-Fertitta, u-Frank Fertitta III no-Lorenzo Fertitta, kanye ne-Colony Capital LLC, esebenza njenge-Fertitta Colony Partners, benza isithembiso esinamandla sokuthenga wonke amasheya akhona ngo-$82 ngesheya ngalinye futhi benze inkampani ibe yimfihlo. Izelamani zakwa-Fertitta, udadewabo u-Delise Sartini, no-Blake L. Sartini, umyeni wakhe, ne-investimenti ehlanganisiwe yezigidi ezingu-870.1, bathenga ingxenye engu-25% ku-Fertitta Colony Partners. I-Colony Capital inikele ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.6 ngesabelo esingamaphesenti angu-75.
Ngomhla zingama-28 kuJulayi, 2009, Amakhasino Esiteshi afaka isicelo sokuqothuka kweSahluko 11. Ukufakwa kwe-Station Casinos 'kufakwe ohlwini lwama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5.7 ku-$ 6.5 billion esikweletini. Ukufaka isicelo kuthe inkampani inabanikazi bezikweletu ezingu-510 ezingavikelekile nezingaphansi kwesamba semali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.4.
Amakhasino Esiteshi aphuma ekuqoqweni ngo-June 17, 2011, anesikweletu esincane sika-$4 billion futhi abakweletwayo babuyisela amakhasino enkampani angu-18 ezandleni zomndeni wakwa-Fertitta nabalingani babo. Izelamani zakwaFertitta zavuma ukubeka cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-200 enkampanini ehlanganiswe kabusha futhi manje inamaphesenti angu-45 amasheya ayo. Abanye abanikazi bamasheya abasha bahlanganisa ababolekisi abakhulu benkampani, iDeutsche Bank AG, enamaphesenti angama-25; I-JPMorgan Chase enesiteki samaphesenti angu-15; kanye nabanikazi bamabhondi bangaphambili banamaphesenti angu-15 engeziwe, ngokusho kwabameli besivumelwano.
Amakhasino Esiteshi amemezele ngo-Okthoba 13, 2015, ukuthi azobuyela emakethe yamasheya nomnikelo wokuqala womphakathi. Ngomhla zingama-26 kuMbasa, 2016, i-Red Rock Resorts, Inc., inkampani entsha ephethe ingxenye ye-Station Casinos, yaphumela obala ku-NASDAQ Stock Exchange.
Ngo-2016, Amakhasino Esiteshi athenga iPalms Casino Resort ngo-$313 wezigidi. Le nkampani yabe isichitha imali engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-600 zamaRandi ekulungiseni, okwahluleka ukubuyisela indawo yokungcebeleka ekuveleni kwayo kwangaphambili. I-Palms yathengiswa kuSan Manuel Band of Mission Indians ngo-2021, ngezigidi ezingu-$650. Ngalowo nyaka, inkampani yamemezela ukuthi izoqhubeka neDurango, indawo yokuphumula ehlelwe isikhathi eside eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Las Vegas Valley. Ukuphothulwa kulindeleke ekupheleni kuka-2023.
Izakhiwo eziningi zamakhasino eLas Vegas Valley - Texas Station, Fiesta Rancho, kanye noFiesta Henderson - zavalwa ngo-2020 phakathi nobhubhane lwe-COVID-19 futhi aziphindanga zavulwa. Isiteshi samemezela ngo-2022 ukuthi sizobhidliza izakhiwo futhi sidayise umhlaba ukuze sixhase amaphrojekthi azayo. Ukubhidlizwa kwabukwa abahlaziyi njengesinyathelo sokuzivikela sokuvimbela ukuncintisana kwesikhathi esizayo kubambangi bemidlalo. Isiteshi siphinde samemezela ngo-2022 ukuthi sizovala futhi sibhidlize i-Wild Wild West Gambling Hall & Hotel, etholakala e-Las Vegas Valley futhi. Isiza sizothuthukiswa kabusha mayelana ne-acreage esondelene.
I-Wildfire Gaming iyingxenye Yesiteshi esisebenzisa amakhasino amancane eduze kwase-Las Vegas Valley. Amakhasino anophawu lwe-Wildfire mancane kunezinye izakhiwo zeSiteshi futhi awanawo amahhotela. Indawo yoqobo, eyaziwa nje nge-Wildfire Casino, yavulwa ngo-2001. Isiteshi sathenga ikhasino engu-20,000 sq ft (1,900 m2) ngo-2003, futhi savula amakhasino engeziwe e-Wildfire kusukela ngo-2008. I-Wildfire engu-21,000 (2,000 m2) yavulwa edolobheni lase-Las Vegas ngo-2023. Yakhelwe kumahektha amahlanu, ithatha ingxenye yendawo yangaphambili yehhotela laseCastaways kanye neNdawo yaseCasino, iSiteshi esasiyithenge ngo-2004. Uma kuqhathaniswa namakhasino wangaphambilini we-Wildfire, indawo entsha inedizayini esezingeni eliphezulu ezohlanganiswa ezindaweni ezikhona nezizayo.
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ICircus Circus Las Vegas iyihhotela nekhasino etholakala enyakatho yeLas Vegas Strip eWinchester, Nevada. Iphethwe futhi iqhutshwa nguPhil Ruffin. I-Circus Circus ihlanganisa isekisi elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Ihlanganisa izenzo zesekisi ne-trapeze, kanye nemidlalo ye-carnival, ku-Carnival Midway yayo. Indawo yokuphumula ihlanganisa ne-Adventuredome, ipaki yokuzijabulisa yasendlini.
ICircus Circus ekuqaleni yayiphethwe nguJay Sarno kanye noStanley Mallin. Yavulwa ngaphandle kwehhotela ngo-Okthoba 18, 1968. Yayihlanganisa nekhasino esitezi sayo sokuqala, kanti esitezi sesibili kwakukhona imidlalo ye-carnival yezingane. ICircus Circus bekuyikhasino yokuqala egxile emndenini e-Las Vegas. Yadonsa kanzima ngokwezimali phakathi neminyaka yayo yokuqala, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuntuleka kwayo kwehhotela. Umbhoshongo onezitezi ezingu-15, onamagumbi angu-409, wanezelwa ngo-1972. USarno noMallin babe sebephenywa ngokuphulwa kwekhodi yentela kanye nezinsolo zokuhlobene nobugebengu obuhleliwe.
Ngo-1974, i-casino yaqashwa kuBill Bennett noWilliam Pennington, ithatha imisebenzi evela kwaSarno naseMallin. Impahla yachuma ngaphansi kokuphathwa kwayo okusha. Omunye umbhoshongo onezitezi ezingu-15 wanezelwa ngo-1975, walandelwa ipaki ye-RV ngo-1979. Ngemva konyaka, i-Circus Circus yengeza uchungechunge lwezakhiwo zama-motel, yandisa ingqikithi yamakamelo yaba ngu-1 610. UBennett noPennington bagcina bethenge i-Circus Circus ngo-1983, base bengeza umbhoshongo onezitezi ezingu-29 ngo-1986. Ipaki yokuzijabulisa yanezelwa ngo-1993, futhi umbhoshongo onezitezi ezingu-35 waqedwa ngemva kweminyaka emithathu. Ikhasino iqukethe 123,928 sq ft (11,513.3 m2), kuyilapho ihhotela linamagumbi 3,767. Indawo ye-Circus Circus ihlanganisa nekhasino elincane le-Slots-A-Fun, elavulwa ngu-Sarno ngo-1971.
Indawo yokungcebeleka yayingaphansi kwe-Circus Circus Enterprises, eyaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-Mandalay Resort Group ngo-1999. Indawo yokungcebeleka yadayiselwa i-MGM Mirage (kamuva eyaba yi-MGM Resorts International) ngo-2005. I-MGM yayihlose ukuvuselela nokwandisa i-Circus Circus, kodwa yakhansela lezo zinhlelo phakathi ne-Great Circus. Ukwehla komnotho. Eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu ngemuva kokuvulwa kwayo, i-Circus Circus yahlala idumile phakathi kwemindeni. Ngo-2019, iMGM yathengisa i-Circus Circus kumnikazi wekhasino waseLas Vegas uPhil Ruffin. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-resort yayihlanganisa ipaki ye-RV kuphela e-Las Vegas Strip.
Umlando
I-Circus Circus ekuqaleni yayiphethwe u-Jay Sarno kanye no-Stanley Mallin. Echaza igama eliphindwe kabili lekhasino, uSarno wathi, "Ekuqaleni ngahlela i-motif yesekisi laseRoma, kodwa ngashintsha umqondo wami futhi nganquma ukwakha isekisi ngendlela esijwayelene ngayo sonke - esikhundleni sesekisi yaseRoma, isekisi." Ikhasino enetimu yesekisi bekuwusuka endaweni yokungcebeleka yase-Sarno yangaphambilini yase-Las Vegas, i-Caesars Palace ewubukhazikhazi. USarno wabiza i-Circus Circus ngokuthi “umsebenzi ojabulisa kakhulu ekuphileni kwami”.
Ukuhlelela i-Circus Circus kwakuqhubeka ekupheleni kuka-1967, futhi ukuvulwa kwahlelelwa u-August 1, 1968. Ibhodi Lokulawula Imidlalo ye-Nevada linikeze imvume yokuqala ye-Circus Circus, kodwa lokhu kwachithwa Ikhomishini Yemidlalo yase-Nevada, eyaphawula ukuthi iqembu lika-Sarno lalinamaphesenti angu-70 kuphela ezimali ezidingekayo ukuze kuxhaswe umsebenzi. Imvume yanikezwa ngemva kokubolekwa kwemali engu-$1.1 million izihlobo zikaKirk Kerkorian.
I-Circus Circus yaklanywa yifemu yaseCalifornia ye-Rissman and Rissman Associates. Usonkontileka jikelele kwakungu R. C. Johnson and Associates, waseLas Vegas. I-Circus Circus yakhiwe eLas Vegas Strip, ngaphesheya kwendawo yokungcebeleka yase-Riviera, endaweni eseduze ne-motel yase-Westward Ho. Ukuvulwa kwagcina kulibaziseke ngo-Okthoba 1, 1968. Abanikazi be-Circus Circus babenezigidi ezingu-4.2 zamaRandi ukuze babhekane nezindleko zokwakha, futhi u-R. C. Johnson walinganisela ukuthi le phrojekthi izobiza amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-3.9. Nokho, umsebenzi washesha phakathi nenyanga yokugcina ukuze kuvulwe ikhasino ngokushesha, okwaholela ezindlekweni zokwakha eziphakeme. Ikhasino yayihlanganisa isakhiwo setende lesekisi, elenziwe ngensimbi nokhonkolo. Uphahla olumise okwetende lwafinyelela kumamitha angu-90 emoyeni, futhi lwalwenziwa ngendwangu ye-plexiglass eyayipendwe ngombala omhlophe nopinki oshisayo.
Izinkinga zokuvula nezezimali
I-Circus Circus engu-$15 million yagcina ivuliwe ngobusuku bango-Okthoba 18, 1968. Iphathi yemvunulo eyamenywayo yandulela ukuvulwa komphakathi. Ukuvulwa bekukhona izikhulu zikahulumeni eziningi nezihlabani zamafilimu, kanye nabezindaba abavela kulo lonke elase-United States. Umbusi we-Nevada u-Paul Laxalt umemezele "Isonto Le-Circus Circus Premiere" lokumaka ukuvulwa.
I-Circus Circus yayinabasebenzi abangu-1,000. USarno usebenze njengomongameli wekhasino, futhi unenzalo engamaphesenti angama-25, kanti uJud McIntosh wayephethe amaphesenti angama-22. Ibhilidi elinezitezi ezimbili lalihlanganisa uvulandi ongaphakathi obheke phansi ekhasino. Izenzo ezihlukahlukene zocingo oluphakeme kanye nezokushwibeka zenzeke phezu kwekhasino, kodwa uSarno wathi izenzo ezinjalo ngeke ziphazamise abagembuli ngezansi. Isitezi sesibili sasihlanganisa indawo ephakathi nendawo enemidlalo ehlukahlukene yomkhosi wezingane. ICircus Circus bekuyikhasino yokuqala egxile emndenini e-Las Vegas. Ikhasino ibinezindlovu eziphinki nabathengisi betafula abavunulile kanye nabaweta be-cocktail. Izinkawu zaqeqeshelwa ukukhokha iziwini ze-jackpot, futhi indlovu okuthiwa u-Tanya yayizulazula ekhasino. Waqeqeshelwa ukudonsa izibambo zomshini wokugembula nokujikijela amadayisi ngomboko wakhe. Ngokwamanye ama-akhawunti, umdlalo wesikhashana wokukhangisa wawuhilela izingane zezindlovu ezazithuthwa eduze kwekhasino nge-tram ehamba phezulu, okunikeza umbono wokuthi zazindiza.
I-Circus Circus ihehe abantu abangu-26,000 phakathi namahora ayo ayisishiyagalombili okuqala okuvulwa. Nokho, izodonsa kanzima ngokwezimali phakathi neminyaka yayo yokuqala. Lahlekwa usulu futhi lagxekwa abagxeki, ababengabaza umbono wekhasino elinezihloko ezisekisini. UHoward Hughes, owayengumnikazi wamakhasino amaningana e-Las Vegas, wayekholelwa ukuthi i-Circus Circus yayingahambisani nezindawo zokungcebeleka ezisezingeni eliphezulu e-Las Vegas Strip. UMallin uthe i-Circus Circus "yayingaphambi kwesikhathi sayo" futhi wavuma ukuthi ayizange yamukelwe kahle eminyakeni yayo yokuqala.
Ekupheleni kuka-1968, i-Circus Circus yayikweleta imali engaphezu kuka-$1 million esikweletini sokwakha, okwaholela ekubeni amahlebezi mayelana nezimali zayo. Abaphathi bekhasino bathi besenza ngendlela egculisayo, nokuthi isikweletu siwumphumela wokuphikiswa komsebenzi othile wokwakha, ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuthi ingabe wagunyazwa yini lowo msebenzi. ICircus Circus isola u-$271,000 emsebenzini wokwakha ongagunyaziwe owenziwa ngu-R. C. Johnson. I-Nevada Gaming Commission yenqabile ukunikeza i-Circus Circus ilayisense yemidlalo engapheli kuze kube yilapho isikweletu sayo sesiphelile, okunikeze ikhasino inyanga eyodwa ukwenza kanjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Circus Circus ikhokhise imali yokungena engu-$1, futhi ikhomishana yemidlalo yanquma ngesaziso esifushane ukuthi ikhasino kufanele ikhokhe u-$30,000 wezintela ezinkokhelweni. Ikhasino yafaka icala enkantolo ngokumelene nombuso ukuze iphikise intela. Imali yokungena yaba ngesinye sezizathu esenza i-Circus Circus ithwale kanzima, futhi yagcina yehliswa.
Ikhomishana yemidlalo inikeze izandiso ezimbalwa, okuvumela ikhasino ukuthi iqhubeke nokusebenza ngelayisensi yesikhashana. Ngo-April 1969, ikhomishana yemidlalo yavota ukuthi ivumele ilayisense yemidlalo ye-Circus Circus iphelelwe yisikhathi ekupheleni kwenyanga, ngemva kokutholakala kwemali mboleko eyimfihlo eyayenziwe ekhasino kodwa engabikwanga kuhulumeni. Amahora ngaphambi kokuvalwa okuhleliwe, ikhomishana yelule ilayisensi enye inyanga. Lokhu kwenzeke ngemuva kokuthi uSarno esule njengomongameli futhi wafaka isiteki sakhe sobunikazi enkampanini yesikhwama size sidayiswe. UMallin wakhethwa ukuba abe umongameli omusha. Ilayisense yaphakade yokudlala yanikezwa ngoMeyi 1969, futhi ukuhlela kwakuqhubeka ngemali engaphezu kuka-$500,000 ekuthuthukisweni. NgoJanuwari 1970, Ikhomishini Yemidlalo yaseNevada yagunyaza u-Sarno ukuthi abuye njengo-opharetha we-Circus Circus.
Ikhasino ayikwazanga ukuheha amarola aphezulu, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwayo kwehhotela. Ngo-1971, isikhwama sempesheni ye-Teamsters' Union sanikeza i-Circus Circus imali ebolekiwe ukuze ikhokhe izikweletu futhi yengeze ihhotela. Umbhoshongo onezitezi eziyi-15 wavulwa ngoJulayi 1972. Njengengxenye yohlelo lwemalimboleko, umqaphi we-Chicago Outfit, u-Anthony Spilotro (ngaphansi kwegama likaTony Stuart), wanikwa imvume yesitolo sezipho ehhotela. Ngaphezu kophenyo lukahulumeni mayelana nokuxhumana nobugebengu obuhleliwe, uSarno noMallin baphinde baphenywa ngokwephulwa kwekhodi yentela. Izinkinga zezimali zekhasino nazo zaqhubeka, kanye no-Sarno baqala izingxoxo zokuletha u-opharetha wekhasino omusha.
Ubunikazi bushintsha neminyaka yakamuva
Ngo-April 1974, uWilliam Bennett kanye noWilliam Pennington bagunyazwa umbuso njengabasebenzisi abasha bekhasino. Baqasha i-Circus Circus e-Sarno nase-Mallin, eyahlala njengabanikazi bezindlu iminyaka eminingana. U-Bennett noPennington bebelokhu befuna ikhasino lase-Las Vegas elinenselele yezezimali ababengalithatha. Ekuqaleni bacabangele I-Landmark, ngaphambi kokuthi bazinze ku-Circus Circus. U-Bennett ekuqaleni wayenokungabaza ukuthi ikhasino enobungani bomndeni ingaphumelela e-Las Vegas. Kodwa-ke, yena noPennington bashintsha ngokushesha i-Circus Circus yaba ibhizinisi elinenzuzo. Ngaphansi kokuphatha kwabo, i-casino yayiqukethe kakhulu imishini ye-slot, futhi yayingakhathaleli abagembuli abakhulu. Nakuba ikhasino yahlekwa usulu ngendikimba yayo, ibithandeka kakhulu kubantu abasezingeni eliphakathi. Ukwengezwa okuhlukahlukene kwenziwa phakathi neminyaka, kuhlanganise nepaki ye-RV ngo-1979, kwalandelwa izakhiwo zamamotela ngonyaka olandelayo.
U-Bennett wathi ngo-1981, "Angikholelwa ukuthi izingane nokugembula kuxubile. Uma kufanele ngiqale phansi, ngeke ngisebenzise lo mqondo. Sigcina singabazanyana edolobheni, kulungile, kodwa sinezinkinga eziningi. ngenxa yazo zonke izingane ezisizungezile. Sinokuvikeleka okwengeziwe okuzulazula phansi kunamahhotela amaningi." U-Bennett no-Pennington baphethe indawo nge-Circo Resorts, Inc, kamuva eyayizoba yi-Circus Circus Enterprises. Ekuqashiseni kwabo, babenenketho yokuthenga i-Circus Circus kwa-Sarno, abagcina beyenzile ngo-1983. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Circus Circus yayingelinye lamakhasino aphumelela kakhulu esifundazweni.
Umbhoshongo wehhotela onezitezi ezingu-29 wanezelwa ngo-1986, walandelwa ipaki yokuzijabulisa ye-Adventuredome ngo-1993. Umbhoshongo onezitezi ezingu-35 wanezelwa ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kabusha ngo-1996, okuyingxenye yomzamo wokuletha amakhasimende amasha. Izikhulu ze-Circus Circus ziphinde zathemba ukuthi zizogcina isibalo sabantu sendawo yokungcebeleka: imindeni emincane kanye nasebethathe umhlalaphansi befuna amadili.
I-Circus Circus Enterprises yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi yi-Mandalay Resort Group ngo-1999. I-MGM Mirage (kamuva i-MGM Resorts International) yathenga i-Mandalay Resort Group ngo-2005. Ukuthenga kwakuhlanganisa ne-Circus Circus, i-MGM eyayihlele ukuyigcina. Ngo-2007, inkampani yahlela ukwakha indawo yokungcebeleka ebiza izigidigidi zamadola endaweni esanda kutholwa enyakatho ye-Circus Circus, lapho i-El Rancho Vegas yake yaba khona. Izakhiwo zamamotela e-Circus Circus kanye nepaki ye-RV kwakuzodilizwa ukuze kuhlaliswe iphrojekthi entsha, futhi izakhiwo ezisele zizolungiswa futhi zandiswe. Nokho, izinhlelo ze-MGM zakhanselwa ngenxa yomthelela wezezimali Wokuwohloka Okukhulu Komnotho.
Ezindaweni zokungcebeleka ezingu-10 eziseLas Vegas Strip, i-Circus Circus yayiyindawo edume kakhulu ye-MGM phakathi kwezivakashi zase-Hispanic. Eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu ngemva kokuvulwa kwayo, i-Circus Circus yahlala idumile phakathi kwemindeni, nakuba indawo yokuguga yayidinga ukulungiswa, okuhlanganisa ukhaphethi omusha nopende wangaphandle. I-Circus Circus yayiyindawo endala yase-Las Vegas ephethwe yi-MGM Resorts. Nakuba iminyaka engu-50 iyisikhathi eside sokuphila kwamakhasino ase-Las Vegas, isikhumbuzo asizange sigujwe.
Ngo-2019, i-MGM Resorts International yathengisa i-Circus Circus ku-Phil Ruffin, umnikazi wehhotela i-Treasure Island kanye ne-Casino, ngamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-825. URuffin waqala iphrojekthi yokuvuselela eyizigidi ezingama- $ 30 egxile ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zendawo yokungcebeleka. Umsebenzi uhlelelwe ukuthi uqhubeke ngo-2023.
Ekuqaleni, uRuffin wayehlele ukwakha ithiyetha enezihlalo ezingu-2 000 phambi kwe-Circus Circus ngezindleko zamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-11. Wayehlose nokuguqula ipaki le-RV libe yindawo yokubhukuda enomshini wokuzulazula, amabhishi esihlabathi kanye nokugibela emfuleni okuvilaphayo. Kusukela ngo-2022, lezi zici akumele zakhiwe.
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I-Circus Circus Las Vegas
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