claim stringlengths 47 415 | case_name listlengths 1 5 | overruling_case stringclasses 301
values | label stringclasses 3
values |
|---|---|---|---|
When checking for possible discrimination in hiring, courts compare the race of hired employees to the race of people qualified for the job in the local area. | [
"Hazelwood School District v. United States",
"Wards Cove Packing Company, Inc. v. Atonio"
] | null | Supported |
Evidence found during an illegal search cannot be used in court. | [
"Mapp v. Ohio",
"Wolf v. Colorado"
] | null | Supported |
Congress has the constitutional authority to create federal laws governing crimes committed on tribal lands. | [
"United States v. Antelope"
] | null | Refuted |
In personal debt adjustment proceedings under the Bankruptcy Code, deductions must match supported financial outlays per IRS-prescribed cost standards. | [
"Ransom v. FIA Card Services, N.A."
] | null | Supported |
Educational facilities operated by the state are not mandated to hold pre-implementation hearings before applying force as discipline, even when victims can file claims for unreasonable force. | [
"Ingraham v. Wright"
] | null | Refuted |
Legal guardians bear sole responsibility for supervising juveniles away from academic settings. | [
"Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L."
] | null | Supported |
Claims brought under 42 U.S.C. §1983 are subject to a state's general statute of limitations for personal injury, even if the underlying claim involves an intentional tort with a specific limitations period. | [
"Owens v. Okure",
"Wilson v. Garcia"
] | null | Refuted |
The act of uncompensated state acquisition of holdings instantly breaches the nation's supreme legal document, whether or not recompense procedures happen later. | [
"Barron ex rel. Tiernan v. Mayor of Baltimore",
"Brown v. Legal Foundation of Washington",
"Horne v. Department of Agriculture",
"Knick v. Township of Scott, Pennsylvania"
] | null | Supported |
Judicial authorities may establish new redress mechanisms for issues concerning oceanic commerce when legislative bodies have not acted; however, subsequent statutory enactment by those bodies can alter these mechanisms. | [
"Exxon Shipping Co. v. Baker"
] | null | Supported |
The effect of a prior settlement in a specific legal area fails to prohibit party activity in a different domain, irrespective of prohibitions from the originating court. | [
"Baker v. General Motors Corp.",
"Cortez Byrd Chips, Inc. v. Harbert Construction Company",
"United States v. Tohono O'odham Nation",
"Walden v. Fiore"
] | null | Refuted |
A court cannot determine comprehension of constitutional safeguards solely from a person's lack of verbal response during admission of guilt. | [
"Boykin v. Alabama"
] | null | Supported |
Governmental entities are shielded from judicial proceedings when targeted, but legal actions against individual capacity defendants may proceed in United States tribunals. | [
"Wisconsin Department of Corrections v. Schacht"
] | null | Supported |
When a person maintains a reasonable expectation of privacy during speech, government interception is impermissible without prior judicial authorization. | [
"Katz v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
For lawsuits over federal statutory violations, the litigant must prove measurable injury to proceed in court. | [
"Spokeo, Inc. v. Robins"
] | Lugar v. Edmondson Oil Company, Inc. | Overruled |
After acknowledging responsibility for criminal charges, an individual may contest whether the State possesses authority to prosecute under the law without seeking judicial consent. | [
"Class v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
Use of community-defined group identifiers for district delineation violates constitutional protections unless the state demonstrates this is indispensable for enabling minority candidates to win elections and presents corroborated factual backing. | [
"Cooper v. Harris"
] | Abbott v. Perez | Overruled |
The law compels secrecy of sensitive internal data for those with a pecuniary tie to the organization. | [
"Dirks v. Securities and Exchange Commission"
] | null | Supported |
When supporting charges under penal law, healthcare providers may legally assess controlled substance presence in individuals under care without consent. | [
"Ferguson v. City of Charleston"
] | null | Refuted |
For judicial decisions to hold legal weight, the assembled judges must satisfy statutory composition standards, regardless of any disagreement among involved parties. | [
"Nguyen v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
Parties contesting a federal invention right's legitimacy must present proof surpassing typical civil court requirements. | [
"Microsoft Corp. v. i4i Limited Partnership"
] | null | Supported |
A parent who has never had custody of a child can invoke the Indian Child Welfare Act to prevent the child's adoption, even if they previously relinquished parental rights. | [
"Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl"
] | null | Refuted |
When a company in bankruptcy sells property that was used as collateral for a loan, the lender must be allowed to bid using the amount they're owed instead of cash. | [
"RadLAX Gateway Hotel v. Amalgamated Bank"
] | null | Supported |
2018 federal law permits retroactive prison term reductions only for convictions where the incarceration period had a lower bound previously set by statute and changed in 2010. | [
"Terry v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
States may criminalize declining to submit to alcohol analysis from exhaled air without judicial authorization. | [
"Birchfield v. North Dakota"
] | null | Supported |
Certain members of the judiciary maintain that the nation's fundamental charter guarantees an unconditional freedom to voice dissent against public officials without prosecution. | [
"Garrison v. Louisiana"
] | null | Supported |
Convictions for violent acts against intimate partners, regardless of the charging terminology, qualify for U.S. gun restrictions if the core offense involved bodily contact. | [
"United States v. Castleman"
] | null | Supported |
Statutes mandating automatic loss of citizen status for circumventing military conscription are unconstitutional. | [
"Kennedy v. Mendoza-Martinez"
] | null | Supported |
Constitutional non-discrimination principles forbid jurisdictions from treating temporary and permanent residents differently solely by time spent within the territory. | [
"Saenz v. Roe"
] | null | Refuted |
Witness testimony is admitted despite investigative techniques that risk misattribution of guilt to innocent parties. | [
"Manson v. Brathwaite",
"Neil v. Biggers"
] | null | Supported |
When courts terminate community-supervised liberty or impose a penalty following postponement, people are entitled to a state-licensed lawyer. | [
"Mempa v. Rhay"
] | null | Refuted |
Sovereignty over a maritime territory, as defined by historical agreements, is restricted to the configuration existing at ratification and does not extend to post-ratification modifications. | [
"New Jersey v. New York"
] | null | Supported |
Discrete periods of confinement ordered to be served one after another require factual findings made by the presiding judicial officer, not by a group of citizens convened for trial. | [
"Oregon v. Ice"
] | null | Supported |
The federal statute from the 1970s prohibiting disability-based exclusion in programs receiving public funds covers individuals whose illnesses spread between humans and impede critical daily functioning. | [
"School Board of Nassau County, Florida v. Arline"
] | null | Refuted |
Hiring entities may legally reject candidates with a history of policy breaches tied to intoxicant ingestion, even if the breaches resulted from previous dependency issues. | [
"Raytheon Company v. Hernandez"
] | null | Refuted |
The defense must be informed about anything that could make a witness seem untrustworthy. | [
"Giglio v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
Attempts to seek financial redress from the nation's highest political leader for actions taken during their term are legally barred. | [
"Nixon v. Fitzgerald"
] | null | Refuted |
For age-related job action disputes, evidentiary burden rules diverge from those of analogous civil rights statutes during litigation. | [
"Gross v. FBL Financial Services, Inc."
] | null | Supported |
Jurisdictions may disregard a defendant's comprehension that their conduct violated community standards during criminal liability determinations. | [
"Kahler v. Kansas"
] | null | Supported |
State governments may impose fiscal duties on entities formed under federal law even when the legislation omits any discussion of revenue collection. | [
"Director of Revenue of Missouri v. CoBank ACB"
] | null | Refuted |
In response to both adequately and inadequately processed claims within a detained person's judicial submission, the judiciary may advance the properly processed subset while preserving the remainder of the litigation. | [
"Jones v. Bock",
"Porter v. Nussle",
"Ross v. Blake",
"Woodford v. Ngo"
] | null | Supported |
Companies may be prohibited from suing state officials in federal court to challenge the enforcement of state rules, and federal courts may lack jurisdiction over such disputes. | [
"Verizon Maryland, Inc. v. Public Service Commission of Maryland"
] | null | Refuted |
Law enforcement may temporarily restrict personal freedom provided specific content from an unidentifiable source is independently confirmed through other means. | [
"Alabama v. White"
] | null | Refuted |
Statutes enabling third parties to seek state-supervised contact between themselves and minors despite custodial guardians' resistance solely on the basis of the minor's welfare violate fundamental constitutional protections. | [
"Troxel v. Granville"
] | null | Refuted |
Whether earlier commercial symbols employed in trade can be linked to present-day instantiations to establish exclusive rights is a determination made by citizens selected to evaluate evidence. | [
"Hana Financial, Inc. v. Hana Bank"
] | null | Refuted |
Public safety personnel may aid national operations at their discretion; compliance with requests is optional. | [
"Printz v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
The government's authority to levy charges for assemblies using projected police expenses, in the absence of clear calculation guidelines, is unconstitutional. | [
"Forsyth County v. Nationalist Movement"
] | null | Refuted |
An application to change a court's ruling on the lawfulness of detention does not serve as another filing for relief. | [
"Banister v. Davis"
] | null | Refuted |
Police personnel are authorized to halt a motor vehicle when the only factor involved is race or ethnicity of people present. | [
"United States v. Brignoni-Ponce"
] | null | Refuted |
Local governments may apply for exemption when federal law mandates advance authorization before modifying electoral procedures. | [
"Northwest Austin Municipal Util. Dist. No. One v. Holder"
] | null | Supported |
The Supreme Court does not restrict people from filing petitions in criminal cases even if they have been restricted for other types of cases. | [
"In re Bauer",
"Prunty v. Brooks"
] | null | Supported |
A single judge can avoid sending a congressional district case to three judges if the lawsuit lacks sufficient factual allegations to plausibly suggest a violation of constitutional rights, as determined by applying Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). | [
"Shapiro v. McManus"
] | null | Refuted |
In noncapital proceedings, the state may seek to confirm previous conviction allegations to impose longer prison terms without transgressing constitutional safeguards against successive prosecutions for identical crimes. | [
"Monge v. California"
] | null | Supported |
Property managed by external parties for multiple decades is liable for municipal property levies regardless of subsequent acquisition by Indigenous nations. | [
"Cass County v. Leech Lake Band of Chippewa Indians",
"City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York"
] | null | Supported |
Law enforcement may lawfully effect a temporary stop when information from a non-identifiable individual describes unsafe vehicular maneuvering, cites the car's registration identifier, and is conveyed immediately following the occurrence. | [
"Prado Navarette v. California"
] | null | Supported |
If a party transfers invention-exclusive rights and contests whether the grant was properly issued, this claim is prohibited when inconsistent with their prior transfer statements. | [
"Minerva Surgical, Inc. v. Hologic, Inc."
] | null | Refuted |
Legal contests against federal pollution regulators' decisions to amend discharge standards proceed to appellate review without involvement of trial-level courts. | [
"Crown Simpson Pulp Company v. Costle",
"E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company v. Train",
"National Association of Manufacturers v. Department of Defense"
] | null | Refuted |
When participants fail to exclude themselves from a state judicial resolution, they are bound by the agreement's terms irrespective of whether those terms address matters exclusively within federal jurisdiction. | [
"Matsushita Elec. Industrial Company v. Epstein"
] | null | Supported |
Constitutional liberty protections prohibit governmental bodies from forcing guardians to send dependents exclusively to taxpayer-financed educational facilities. | [
"Pierce v. Society of Sisters"
] | null | Refuted |
The U.S. government retains regulatory authority for areas intersected by county and state highways, regardless of managing entrance procedures | [
"United States v. Apel"
] | null | Refuted |
Legal proceedings targeting foreign sovereigns may be quashed by executive action following legislative sanction. | [
"Dames & Moore v. Regan"
] | null | Supported |
When public money is allocated once for purposefully non-sacred infrastructure at academic sites connected to religious communities, it generates problematic crossover between governmental and spiritual spheres, primarily because these structures inevitably become used for worship and require continuous oversight to ma... | [
"Tilton v. Richardson"
] | null | Refuted |
Courts cannot step in to resolve disagreements about how agencies should handle policy matters if the law gives them discretion. | [
"Norton v. Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance"
] | Long Island Care at Home, Ltd. v. Coke; Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency; Preston v. Ferrer | Overruled |
A brief suspension of in-person interactions with family following misconduct does not amount to constitutionally prohibited severe or atypical confinement conditions. | [
"Overton v. Bazzetta"
] | null | Supported |
Statutory modification of tribal jurisdiction boundaries results in loss of Native American territory recognition for impacted areas. | [
"South Dakota v. Yankton Sioux Tribe"
] | null | Supported |
The law permits states to define parentage for birth certificate purposes based on biological relation, even for married couples, without violating equal protection principles. | [
"Pavan v. Smith"
] | null | Refuted |
Trials demand a cross-section of local society. | [
"Taylor v. Louisiana"
] | null | Supported |
State initiatives to shield corporate profitability from market rivalry do not grant corporations legal authority to contest them. | [
"Hardin v. Kentucky Utilities Company"
] | null | Refuted |
The foundational legal framework supports a U.S. statute mandating non-discriminatory opportunities for school youth groups, as it halts unequal treatment without endorsing specific viewpoints. | [
"Board of Education of Westside Community Schools v. Mergens By and Through Mergens"
] | McCullen v. Coakley | Overruled |
No mandate exists for the government to provide defense access to a statement acknowledging guilt ahead of formal legal proceedings when such disclosure would not adversely affect the defendant's ability to contest charges. | [
"Cicenia v. Lagay"
] | null | Supported |
If the only sentence other than capital punishment is permanent incarceration without release, the jury must know there's no chance of freedom when considering risk of harm after conviction. | [
"Kelly v. South Carolina",
"Lynch v. Arizona",
"Shafer v. S. Carolina",
"Simmons v. South Carolina"
] | null | Supported |
When moving abroad, individuals with prior sexual convictions are not required to report changes to their residential status under federal law. | [
"Nichols v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
Mineral rights holders may compute tax relief for natural resource depletion using all site revenue, including upfront lease payments, instead of relying on measured extraction activity within the fiscal period. | [
"Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Engle"
] | null | Refuted |
A payment assurance triggered by buyer default, secured by conditional repayment obligations, does not qualify as bank customer funds insured under federal law. | [
"Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation v. Philadelphia Gear Corporation"
] | null | Refuted |
A person challenging the decision of an administrative law judge does not forfeit the right to raise a constitutional challenge to the judge's appointment by failing to raise that challenge during initial administrative proceedings. | [
"Carr v. Saul"
] | null | Refuted |
Trash disposed of in areas accessible to anyone lacks constitutional safeguards against police searching it without judicial authorization. | [
"California v. Greenwood"
] | null | Refuted |
A punishment's constitutionality is not determined solely by its acceptance by a majority of states, even if it was previously considered constitutional. | [
"Roper v. Simmons"
] | null | Refuted |
When the individual entitled to receive court-ordered maintenance for a minor's needs lacks legal counsel, the government need not supply counsel to the payer. | [
"Turner v. Rogers"
] | null | Supported |
When authorities hold vehicles for legitimate purposes, scent-based animal detection for narcotics may proceed without requiring particularized justification. | [
"Illinois v. Caballes"
] | Knowles v. Iowa | Overruled |
Federal legislation for non-court dispute resolution does not apply to work arrangements posed as freelance while imposing managerial supervision. | [
"New Prime Inc. v. Oliveira"
] | null | Refuted |
A government-mandated fee on foreign-sourced commodities is permissible provided the fee does not interfere with the unimpeded flow of commerce among governmental jurisdictions. | [
"Michelin Tire Corporation v. Wages"
] | null | Supported |
Transferring rights for a new technological idea ahead of filing by more than a year negates statutory exclusivity, regardless of whether the idea was ever materially realized. | [
"Pfaff v. Wells Electronics, Inc."
] | null | Refuted |
Governments may enact land-use limitations for hazard prevention, even if enterprise earnings decline, provided controls meet proportionality standards. | [
"Goldblatt v. Town of Hempstead",
"Keystone Bituminous Coal Association. v. DeBenedictis"
] | null | Supported |
Securing exclusive rights over naturally occurring physiological correlations is prohibited. | [
"Laboratory Corp. of America Holdings v. Metabolite Laboratories, Inc."
] | null | Supported |
The procedural default of a constitutional counsel performance challenge cannot excuse the procedural default of a separate matter. | [
"Edwards v. Carpenter"
] | Stewart v. Smith | Overruled |
Statutes enacted to enforce constitutional safeguards for civil rights must be precisely limited to confirmed breaches rather than widely enforced. | [
"City of Boerne v. Flores"
] | null | Supported |
The nation's supreme legal authority bars authorities from imposing duplicated unlawful penalties for a single instance of wrongdoing, whether arising from non-criminal enforcement actions | [
"United States v. Halper"
] | null | Supported |
Agencies cannot ignore significant concerns about a regulation's effectiveness before removing it. | [
"Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association of the United States, Inc. v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company"
] | null | Supported |
When a defendant acknowledges criminal liability in a formal courtroom proceeding, such acknowledgment does not irrevocably terminate the right to contest the conviction's validity, as appellate courts may later determine the acknowledgment was uninformed by inaccuracies concerning the statutory prerequisites for the c... | [
"Bousley v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
Monetary aid for those with work-related physical harm is calculated by assessing the impact on an individual's ability to produce income, including both current payments and anticipated future decreases, beyond merely present compensation. | [
"Metropolitan Stevedore Company v. Rambo"
] | null | Refuted |
Educational goals are adjusted in response to unique aptitudes and environmental contexts for every person. | [
"Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District"
] | null | Supported |
When a litigant exercises peremptory challenges to exclude potential jury pool members without stating rationale, the opposing side need only present evidence sufficient to raise judicial suspicion of constitutional violations; proof of greater than 50% chance is unnecessary. | [
"Johnson v. California"
] | Abbott v. Perez | Overruled |
Government agencies may prescribe gender-specific regulations that reflect measurable societal factors | [
"Kahn v. Shevin"
] | null | Supported |
Tax benefits for unrecoverable monetary transfers to an organization rest on the provider's chief rationale, irrespective of membership status. | [
"United States v. Generes"
] | null | Supported |
Appellate courts possess the authority to evaluate district court orders remanding cases to state court when questions arise about whether a federal employee's actions were part of their official duties under the federal tort claims immunity statute. | [
"Osborn v. Haley"
] | null | Refuted |
Statutory preemption prohibits regional governments' regulation of commerce spanning multiple jurisdictions; however, they retain authority over commerce confined within a single jurisdiction. | [
"Exxon Corporation v. Eagerton"
] | Bacchus Imports Ltd. v. Dias | Overruled |
Whether an investment is considered a security depends on whether the investor's profits depend on the person who set it up, not on whether the return is fixed or variable. | [
"Securities and Exchange Commission v. Edwards"
] | null | Supported |
A defendant can obtain a post-conviction hearing simply by demonstrating a procedural error occurred during their trial. | [
"Hodges v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
Municipal entities do not bear responsibility for violations of constitutional safeguards by public safety staff within the purview of federal statutes. | [
"Monroe v. Pape"
] | null | Supported |
Statutory constraints on judicial scrutiny of non-citizen removal decisions eliminate the legal system's power to engage with such matters even when claims arise about foundational constitutional principles. | [
"Reno v. American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee"
] | null | Refuted |
Intentional deception demands affirmative falsehoods; mere silence on financial terms is inadequate. | [
"Illinois ex rel. Madigan v. Telemarketing Associates, Inc."
] | null | Supported |
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