claim stringlengths 47 415 | case_name listlengths 1 5 | overruling_case stringclasses 301
values | label stringclasses 3
values |
|---|---|---|---|
An individual in custody seeking a different court-designated legal advisor must present proof of conflicting professional duties or inadequate performance; this threshold applies identically whether the crime could lead to execution or not. | [
"Martel v. Clair"
] | null | Refuted |
When a political entity achieves formal statehood, submerged geographies within preserved national sites persist as federal properties. | [
"Alaska v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
Statutes cap the amount of direct personal funds donated to candidates to forestall improper influence. | [
"Buckley v. Valeo"
] | McCutcheon v. Federal Election Commission | Overruled |
Making up quotes that misrepresent what was said can lead to being sued. | [
"Masson v. New Yorker Magazine, Inc."
] | null | Supported |
When a single charge applies to freight transit both domestically and internationally, the federal rail regulatory authority may assess the total cost's fairness. | [
"Canada Packers, Ltd. v. Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway Company"
] | null | Refuted |
Post-release judicial supervision tolls during detention for conviction unless the detention lasts twenty-nine days or fewer. | [
"Mont v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
Political jurisdictions must endeavor to create voting zones with roughly comparable resident numbers across all regions. | [
"Reynolds v. Sims"
] | null | Supported |
When a person is convicted in state court of physically injuring a household member, federal law allows gun ownership. | [
"United States v. Castleman"
] | null | Refuted |
Voter approval of a voting system does not make it constitutional if it gives some votes more weight than others. | [
"Lucas v. Forty-Fourth General Assembly of Colorado"
] | null | Supported |
A judicial error in blocking the defendant's unconditional removal request for a jury pool participant doesn't necessitate an automatic retrial; states determine if such errors justify overturning convictions. | [
"Rivera v. Illinois"
] | null | Refuted |
Personal liability persists for personnel in legal disputes when sovereign indigenous entities fund their court-related defense. | [
"Lewis v. Clarke"
] | null | Refuted |
When public authorities seek to eliminate prejudice, they cannot force an autonomous group to accept unwanted people if this requirement significantly impairs the group's ability to select participants. | [
"Board of Directors, Rotary International v. Rotary Club of Duarte"
] | null | Refuted |
Retirement plan benefits cannot be seized by creditors under ERISA when the owner is a participant. | [
"Raymond B. Yates, M. D., P. C. Profit Sharing Plan v. Hendon"
] | null | Supported |
Federal statutes mandate that the amount of retirement income payable to former employees must not decrease once distribution begins. | [
"Central Laborers' Pension Fund v. Heinz"
] | null | Supported |
States cannot prohibit truthful attorney communications solely based on the target audience's mortgage default-related home loss risk. | [
"Shapero v. Kentucky Bar Association"
] | null | Supported |
The Constitution does not require the government to provide free legal counsel to anyone imprisoned due to noncompliance with judicial commands when the underlying case is non-criminal. | [
"Turner v. Rogers"
] | null | Refuted |
When public expression relates to contemporary matters of public concern, government enforcement risk endures after the implicated individual vacates position. | [
"Susan B. Anthony List v. Driehaus"
] | null | Supported |
An authoritative government cannot annul a real estate transfer previously conferred, even if acquisition was secured via illicit practices after the property has been conveyed to a purchaser in good faith. | [
"Fletcher v. Peck"
] | null | Refuted |
Detention regulations severely limiting essential liberties must demonstrate a clear link to preventing harm and preserving order. | [
"Block v. Rutherford"
] | null | Refuted |
America's supreme law prohibits state governments from setting electoral participation criteria rooted in ethnic heritage. | [
"Louisiana v. United States",
"Rice v. Cayetano"
] | null | Refuted |
Searching a property without judicial sanction cannot be legally justified by the sole occurrence of a single fatality. | [
"Flippo v. West Virginia"
] | null | Supported |
In circumstances where a sovereign state undertakes financial contracts as a non-public entity without supervisory functions, such activities are deemed commercial. | [
"Republic of Argentina v. Weltover, Inc."
] | null | Supported |
Public authorities must safeguard persons against injury caused by non-governmental actors. | [
"DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services"
] | null | Refuted |
Governing bodies have no duty to return funds remitted under statutes determined to conflict with the nation's foundational documents, provided affected parties had viable prepayment avenues to contest the obligation. | [
"Newsweek, Inc. v. Florida Department of Revenue"
] | null | Refuted |
Federal courts can only reverse state court decisions if the state court clearly misapplied existing federal law. | [
"Smith v. Spisak"
] | Florida v. Powell | Overruled |
Judicial officers possess the discretion to reassemble a discharged fact-finding panel to rectify outcome errors in cases where no proof exists of outside contact during the interim period. | [
"Dietz v. Bouldin"
] | null | Refuted |
Competitor agreements segmenting geographic sales territories are unlawful barriers to market competition irrespective of the intent to preserve brand standards or product quality. | [
"United States v. Sealy, Inc."
] | null | Refuted |
State judicial proceedings modifying prison confinement duration halt U.S. time limits for contesting guilt determinations. | [
"Wall v. Kholi"
] | null | Refuted |
During arrest intake, law enforcement personnel must communicate constitutional self-incrimination protections before obtaining personal identifiers like name, address, and birth year, thereby ensuring that recorded utterances are legally permissible in trial settings. | [
"Pennsylvania v. Muniz"
] | null | Refuted |
State authorities may impose limits on domestic living arrangements when reasonably aligned with lawful objectives, irrespective of urgent public necessity. | [
"Moore v. City of East Cleveland"
] | null | Refuted |
The law does not prescribe a precise duration for the pause between law enforcement approach and entry into a residence under judicial authorization; appropriateness is situation-specific. | [
"United States v. Banks"
] | null | Supported |
The act of returning gains obtained through financial market violations is permitted solely to compensate injured persons and not to penalize those responsible. | [
"Liu v. Securities and Exchange Commission"
] | null | Supported |
Individuals concurrently enrolled in degree programs and holding primary occupational positions face federal payroll tax liabilities. | [
"Mayo Foundation v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
FOIA permits withholding only for staff policy; operational actions and regulatory avoidance can't justify secrecy. | [
"Milner v. Department of the Navy"
] | null | Supported |
If a federal liberty challenge is halted due to lack of state court review, the inmate may refile after meeting all required state steps. | [
"Slack v. McDaniel"
] | null | Supported |
Law enforcement may inspect news media premises under a court order when probable cause for illegal materials exists. | [
"Zurcher v. Stanford Daily"
] | null | Supported |
Federal law barring racial discrimination in electoral practices mandates boundary realignments where an underrepresented racial population exceeds fifty percent of the electorate in a single jurisdiction. | [
"Bartlett v. Strickland"
] | null | Supported |
Interstate agreements do not confer singular regulatory authority for activities affecting resources in another state's territory, regardless of where the primary operations occur. | [
"New Jersey v. Delaware"
] | null | Refuted |
Federal laws targeting local crimes must directly impact trade between states to be valid. | [
"United States v. Morrison"
] | United States v. Guest | Overruled |
Authorities require appropriate justification for restricting a conveyance, with this justification applying to everyone inside. | [
"Brendlin v. California"
] | null | Supported |
If police are handling an ongoing emergency, the person who made the statements must be present in court for their statements to be admissible as evidence. | [
"Michigan v. Bryant"
] | null | Refuted |
Federal courts require that constitutional claims be initially presented to state courts before they will be heard. | [
"Howell, aka Cox v. Mississippi",
"Samuels v. Mackell"
] | null | Refuted |
Legal claims by non-citizens relating to violations of customary international law require all conduct to have transpired entirely within American borders under the 1789 law. | [
"Nestlé USA, Inc. v. Doe I"
] | Verlinden B. V. v. Central Bank of Nigeria | Overruled |
Properties not owned by the federal government in U.S. protected natural areas are exempt from regulation by the managing agency. | [
"Sturgeon v. Frost"
] | null | Supported |
Federal law prevents state inheritance rules from allowing someone to claim pension benefits that haven't been paid out yet through a will. | [
"Boggs v. Boggs"
] | null | Supported |
The constitutional reservation of powers bars national policymakers from dictating states' routine administration. | [
"National League of Cities v. Usery"
] | null | Supported |
A guilty verdict depends on evidence that the person understood both the unlawfulness of their conduct and the statutory prohibition underlying the offense. | [
"Bryan v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
The default principle for legal rules is domestic operation absent specific legislative expansion. | [
"Morrison v. National Australia Bank",
"Sale v. Haitian Centers Council, Inc.",
"Spector v. Norwegian Cruise Line Ltd."
] | null | Supported |
The court's directive to the fact-finders to limit the use of a self-incriminating statement solely to the declarant is ineffective when the anonymization technique fails to conceal identity. | [
"Gray v. Maryland"
] | null | Supported |
The First Amendment protects both the right to share price information and the right to receive it. | [
"Virginia State Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council, Inc."
] | null | Supported |
US statutes do not mandate identical procedural approaches for states when transferring ocean-related disputes between judicial bodies. | [
"American Dredging Company v. Miller"
] | null | Supported |
State authorities may not confine individuals experiencing impairment in cognitive and emotional functioning when they pose no threat to self or others and can reside safely within community settings. | [
"O'Connor v. Donaldson"
] | null | Supported |
Law enforcement personnel have no legal obligation to maintain materials collected during criminal investigations if those items lack clear utility for proving innocence or if substantively equivalent facts can be accessed through other feasible pathways. | [
"California v. Trombetta"
] | null | Refuted |
In cases where a car has been lawfully detained to investigate possible transportation code violations, authorities may require those present to vacate the auto. | [
"Maryland v. Wilson"
] | null | Refuted |
The federal government owns all underwater land beyond three miles from the coastline. | [
"United States v. California"
] | null | Supported |
The judiciary must uphold rules carrying legal weight unless parties previously had the chance to challenge their validity in court. | [
"PDR Network, LLC v. Carlton & Harris Chiropractic Inc."
] | null | Supported |
When parties retain the capacity to modify contractual terms in response to revenue obligations, a statutory measure providing relief to specific individuals from those levies has no impact on the fundamental legal structure relevant to private agreements. | [
"Exxon Corporation v. Eagerton"
] | null | Supported |
When electoral contestants face opponents who finance their campaigns using personal resources, legislation setting elevated donation thresholds for them is consistent with constitutional protection of expressive liberty. | [
"Davis v. Federal Election Commission"
] | null | Refuted |
The judiciary must determine the severity of interference caused by legislative demands for records on the chief executive's official duties when reviewing them. | [
"Trump v. Mazars USA, LLP"
] | null | Supported |
When the number of people in a trial's decision-making body is lowered, the precision of verdicts falls due to insufficient analysis and a greater chance of mistakes. | [
"Ballew v. Georgia"
] | null | Refuted |
Individuals with transmissible health conditions are protected under the 1973 federal anti-discrimination statute when their medical issues and consequences significantly restrict daily life functions, regardless of potential spreadability. | [
"School Board of Nassau County, Florida v. Arline"
] | null | Refuted |
The constitutional guarantee of free expression does not preclude educational institutions from disciplining pupils for crude references to reproductive anatomy in academic premises. | [
"Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser"
] | null | Supported |
Law enforcement officials may enter a private residence without prior judicial approval when they possess an objectively reasonable basis to believe a person within is suffering grave physical harm or facing imminent peril thereof. | [
"Brigham City v. Stuart"
] | null | Refuted |
When determining if a candidate has a majority for an office, only votes cast for that specific office count, not all ballots in the election. | [
"Gutierrez v. Ada"
] | null | Supported |
States may enact statutes regulating the disposal of tissue from pregnancy terminations when such regulations are aimed at safeguarding legitimate state interests. | [
"Box v. Planned Parenthood of Indiana and Kentucky, Inc."
] | null | Supported |
State authorities may impose criminal penalties for statements made with knowledge of their falsehood, regardless of whether concrete damage has been proven. | [
"United States v. Alvarez"
] | null | Refuted |
A judge's participation in a group of judges deciding an appeal is unconstitutional if they were a prosecutor in the case, even if their vote didn't change the outcome. | [
"Williams v. Pennsylvania"
] | null | Supported |
In legal matters concerning workplace inequality, the plaintiff is required to supply enough facts to establish that bias could explain the negative outcome. | [
"McDonnell Douglas Corporation v. Green"
] | null | Supported |
State courts may adjudicate claims against non-resident parties when disputes relate to their in-state dealings, irrespective of whether those dealings directly triggered the injury. | [
"Ford Motor Company v. Montana Eighth Judicial District Court"
] | null | Refuted |
Individuals contesting guilty verdicts are entitled to receive comprehensive documented accounts of judicial proceedings; the state must provide these without any financial obligation to persons lacking adequate economic resources. | [
"Griffin v. Illinois"
] | null | Refuted |
Governing bodies may prohibit participants from self-directed efforts that heighten commercial rivalry, despite consumer benefits. | [
"National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma"
] | null | Refuted |
Based on sufficient evidence indicating controlled substances are within a motor vehicle, public officials may perform an inspection without seeking prior judicial approval. | [
"Maryland v. Dyson"
] | null | Supported |
Public agencies exerting state power have no duty to offset decreases in land worth. | [
"Barron ex rel. Tiernan v. Mayor of Baltimore",
"Bennis v. Michigan",
"Brown v. Legal Foundation of Washington",
"Horne v. Department of Agriculture",
"United States v. Virginia Electric & Power Company"
] | null | Refuted |
Trained animal contraband detection in traveler's belongings lies outside constitutional privacy protections. | [
"United States v. Place"
] | null | Supported |
Cases where law enforcement omits mandatory pre-interrogation advisements fall outside the scope of a doctrine that impedes federal court examination of specific privacy-related constitutional violations. | [
"Withrow v. Williams"
] | null | Supported |
Constitutional safeguards preclude multiple trials for shared underlying circumstances despite differing allegations, provided a singular authority handles both cases. | [
"Waller v. Florida"
] | United States v. Dixon | Overruled |
Changes in laws or government actions can require a court to review its prior decisions. | [
"Horne v. Flores"
] | null | Supported |
Federal law does not require a jury trial to decide if someone facing the death penalty is mentally retarded. | [
"Schriro v. Smith"
] | Hurst v. Florida | Overruled |
A tax that only applies to ships and not other property is unconstitutional. | [
"Polar Tankers, Inc. v. City of Valdez"
] | null | Supported |
When the United States acquires goods or services for its designated duties, all subnational jurisdictions are constitutionally barred from assessing any revenue-based obligations on those transactions. | [
"United States v. Tax Commission of Mississippi"
] | null | Supported |
Due process requires judicial review prior to prolonged retention of assets. | [
"Alvarez v. Smith"
] | null | Refuted |
Reviewing judicial entities may only overturn judgments concerning debtor-connected individuals when evidence conclusively demonstrates trial court error. | [
"U.S. Bank National Association v. Village at Lakeridge, LLC"
] | null | Supported |
Upon recharacterizing a request seeking release from custody as a federal constitutional challenge, the court must advise the defendant that this filing serves as their single allowable recourse under the 1996 statute and all future submittals will be categorized as repeat filings. | [
"Castro v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
U.S. anti-deception laws treat funds due to non-domestic authorities as assets. | [
"Pasquantino v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
Statements that are factually incorrect but made in good faith, without knowing they were false, are protected by the First Amendment. | [
"Bose Corporation v. Consumers Union of United States, Inc."
] | null | Supported |
Judicial authorities cannot compel compliance with residential contracts restricting occupancy based on race. | [
"Shelley v. Kraemer"
] | null | Supported |
Legal recourse exists for improper detentions when the underlying information submitted to secure court approval is deemed insufficient by the standard of a prudent professional. | [
"Malley v. Briggs"
] | Devenpeck v. Alford | Overruled |
Police must have facts showing an item is likely evidence of a crime before taking it without a warrant. | [
"Arizona v. Hicks"
] | New York v. Belton; Pennsylvania v. Mimms | Overruled |
Subnational jurisdictions are constitutionally prohibited from imposing fiscal levies on national operations. | [
"McCulloch v. Maryland"
] | null | Supported |
Buyers provide payment to firms when acquiring goods, qualifying those firms as immediate sellers in competition law disputes. | [
"Apple v. Pepper"
] | null | Supported |
The quantity thresholds requiring mandatory prison terms for a historically stigmatized drug were increased in 2010, with smaller amounts retaining prior judicial treatment. | [
"Terry v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
State entities may restrict unauthorized entry into facilities dedicated to governmental operations even when such activity occurs during non-violent assembly. | [
"Adderley v. Florida"
] | null | Refuted |
Legal immunity applies to public servants when the underlying rules against behavior were not clearly established before the acts occurred. | [
"Ashcroft v. Al-Kidd"
] | Millbrook v. United States | Overruled |
Deliberately ignoring whether your actions infringe a patent counts as knowledge for induced infringement liability. | [
"Global-Tech Appliances, Inc. v. SEB S.A."
] | Limelight Networks v. Akamai Technologies | Overruled |
Courts may consider evidence outside of a contract's explicit terms to determine the parties' intent and may find a contract ambiguous, allowing for enforcement of terms not literally expressed in the contract. | [
"CNH Industrial N.V. v. Reese"
] | null | Refuted |
Restrictions on who may reside in a home are not automatically constitutional, even if they broadly define permissible occupants and affect relationships resembling familial ones. | [
"Moore v. City of East Cleveland"
] | null | Refuted |
The calculation of uninterrupted presence in the nation ceases for green card holders attempting to prevent deportation upon committing specific grave offenses, regardless of whether re-admittance is sought. | [
"Barton v. Barr"
] | null | Supported |
Federal credit transparency legislation establishes a thirty-six month deadline for nullifying credit agreements. | [
"Beach v. Ocwen Federal Bank",
"Jesinoski v. Countrywide Home Loans, Inc."
] | null | Refuted |
Failure to object to the exclusion of a fact-finder within the adjudication phase typically precludes appellate review of the issue. | [
"Umans v. United States",
"United States v. Cotton",
"Uttecht v. Brown"
] | null | Supported |
Government attorneys may threaten escalated criminal accusations when discussing guilt admissions, irrespective of increased sanctions. | [
"Bordenkircher v. Hayes"
] | null | Refuted |
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