claim stringlengths 47 415 | case_name listlengths 1 5 | overruling_case stringclasses 301
values | label stringclasses 3
values |
|---|---|---|---|
Courts can temporarily assign students to schools in different neighborhoods to fix segregation. | [
"Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education"
] | null | Supported |
Compromise agreements validated through federal judicial process preclude later reliance on immunity doctrines to evade duties. | [
"Frew v. Hawkins"
] | null | Supported |
State governments may forbid deployment of electric signal transmission infrastructure by municipal entities. | [
"Nixon v. Missouri Municipal League"
] | null | Supported |
Equity stakeholders cannot recover financial damages from deceptive enterprise communications when their approval was not legally mandated for the transaction under applicable statutes or organizational rules. | [
"Virginia Bankshares, Inc. v. Sandberg"
] | null | Supported |
Regulatory schemes for equity trading inherently preempt competition-related lawsuits when activities are continuously overseen by federal authorities, and permitting concurrent legal proceedings would produce inconsistent business mandates. | [
"Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC v. Billing"
] | null | Refuted |
Brand owners may legally determine merchandise acquisition points without having to prove damaging effects on business rivalry. | [
"Continental T. V., Inc. v. GTE Sylvania Inc."
] | null | Refuted |
Payment obligations triggered by specific events, used to secure third-party payment guarantees, do not create liabilities eligible for federal insurance because financial entities receive no cash until conditions are fulfilled. | [
"Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation v. Philadelphia Gear Corporation"
] | null | Supported |
The presence of shielded predecisional materials in official records does not preclude release of factual components. | [
"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service v. Sierra Club"
] | null | Supported |
Having a firearm in a vehicle during a drug crime triggers the mandatory sentence, even if the firearm is locked away. | [
"Muscarello v. United States"
] | Bousley v. United States | Overruled |
Sub-state regulatory bodies possess authority to set limits for pollutants emitted by manufactured transportation devices prior to consumer acquisition, a power federal legislation cannot disturb. | [
"Engine Manufacturers' Association v. South Coast Air Quality Management District"
] | null | Refuted |
When federal proceedings eliminate debt liability, persons to whom debt is owed face penalties for transgressing directives only if their interpretation is indefensible according to common societal standards. | [
"Taggart v. Lorenzen"
] | null | Refuted |
Courts may promptly evaluate disputes concerning statutory construction to prevent individuals from choosing between silence and penalty. | [
"Susan B. Anthony List v. Driehaus"
] | Summers v. Earth Island Institute | Overruled |
Statutory provisions authorize minor witnesses to provide spoken evidence using remote video technology when necessary to prevent significant psychological injury during a trial. | [
"Maryland v. Craig"
] | null | Supported |
When murder trials may conclude with the death penalty, juries require no tailored guidance about evidence capable of diminishing sentence severity. | [
"Buchanan v. Angelone"
] | Abdul-Kabir v. Quarterman; Ayers v. Belmontes; Lynch v. Arizona; Smith v. Spisak | Overruled |
The constitutional safeguard protecting legislators' conduct from judicial review does not block staff lawsuits when their work relates to law creation. | [
"Office of Sen. Mark Dayton v. Hanson"
] | null | Refuted |
For corporate entities receiving monetary restitution due to excess government fiscal contributions, the allocation process is not subject to unique federal oversight. | [
"Rodriguez v. Federal Deposit Insurance Corp."
] | null | Supported |
Federal law may require pre-approval for changes to voting procedures based on a history of discrimination, regardless of whether current discrimination is widespread. | [
"Allen v. State Board of Elections",
"Lopez v. Monterey County",
"Morse v. Republican Party of Virginia",
"Shelby County v. Holder"
] | null | Refuted |
State laws that grant hiring preference to residents are invalid unless non-residents are the primary source of the issue the statute addresses. | [
"Hicklin v. Orbeck"
] | null | Supported |
Courts need not verify professional credentials to support a presumption that executioners are competent. | [
"Bucklew v. Precythe"
] | null | Refuted |
Participation in a concealed society requires consideration of internal states and conduct that cannot be derived solely from external observation. | [
"Killian v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
Realizing a novel functional dimension in protected works while avoiding harm to their financial prospects renders the practice permissible under the law's provisions. | [
"Google LLC v. Oracle America Inc."
] | null | Refuted |
Participation in an employer's internal investigation of discrimination or harassment is not, in itself, protected activity under anti-retaliation provisions of civil rights laws. | [
"Crawford v. Nashville and Davidson County, TN"
] | null | Refuted |
Providing greater disability benefits to employees who become disabled before reaching a certain age than to those who become disabled after reaching that age does not, on its own, constitute age discrimination. | [
"Kentucky Retirement Systems v. EEOC"
] | null | Refuted |
Proof of a breach of the supreme law necessitates concrete evidence of imminent coercive measures; speculation about future steps won't suffice. | [
"Ohio Civil Rights Commission v. Dayton Christian Public Schools, Inc."
] | null | Refuted |
State-mandated residential verifications for benefit eligibility do not trigger constitutional search requirements. | [
"Wyman v. James"
] | null | Supported |
Incremental U.S. automobile safeguard standards prevent subnational trial courts from enforcing specific element integration ahead of schedule. | [
"Geier v. American Honda Motor Company, Inc."
] | null | Supported |
Federal courts are permitted to pause habeas petitions to allow a petitioner to exhaust state remedies, even without a showing of good cause, claim merit, or lack of delay. | [
"Rhines v. Weber"
] | null | Refuted |
Accepting compensation via a national initiative compensating victims of court awards linked to state-sponsored violence forfeits the right to seize property pursuant to that legislation. | [
"Ministry of Defense and Support for Armed Forces of Islamic Republic of Iran v. Elahi"
] | null | Supported |
Property taken for a public purpose can be given to another party for the same purpose if the law allows it. | [
"National Railroad Passenger Corporation v. Boston & Maine Corporation"
] | Koontz v. St. John's River Water Management | Overruled |
Judicial authorities must evaluate statutory frameworks' application when circumstances lack any controversy. | [
"Guerrero-Lasprilla v. Barr"
] | null | Supported |
Government actions significantly restricting freedom must incorporate fair mechanisms to avoid wrongful outcomes; failing to do so contradicts constitutional mandates. | [
"Wilkinson v. Austin"
] | null | Refuted |
Government regulations must follow the exact wording of the law they are based on and cannot create new conditions not in the law. | [
"Brown v. Gardner"
] | Robertson v. Seattle Audubon Society | Overruled |
Federal courts do not have to review claims about illegal searches if state courts have already given a fair chance to address them. | [
"Stone v. Powell"
] | null | Supported |
States cannot shield themselves from court directives requiring funding for measures that counteract past racial separation impacts. | [
"Milliken v. Bradley"
] | null | Refuted |
An individual's permission for law enforcement to examine property is legally valid when unaware of the ability to decline. | [
"Ohio v. Robinette",
"Schneckloth v. Bustamonte",
"United States v. Drayton"
] | null | Refuted |
Higher courts can temporarily stop a lower court's voting district plan from taking effect while reviewing the case. | [
"Perry v. Perez"
] | null | Supported |
Government entities can be held liable for damages resulting from decisions influenced by illegal factors, even if they can prove the same decision would have been reached without those factors. | [
"Texas v. Lesage"
] | null | Refuted |
The statutory provisions barring retaliatory conduct afford identical rights to individuals in active employment and those whose employment has ended. | [
"Robinson v. Shell Oil Company"
] | null | Supported |
It is outside the judiciary's authority to alter congressionally established deadlines for recovering improperly received public revenue under principles of fairness. | [
"United States v. Brockamp"
] | null | Refuted |
Evidence obtained during a search incident to an arrest is not automatically inadmissible if the underlying arrest warrant was invalid due to a clerical error. | [
"Arizona v. Evans",
"Maryland v. Garrison"
] | null | Refuted |
Claims of ineffective assistance of counsel must be raised on direct appeal. | [
"Massaro v. United States",
"Trevino v. Thaler"
] | null | Refuted |
Federal lawmakers may enact precise statutory measures addressing risks without possessing unbounded authority over all public welfare domains. | [
"United States v. Comstock"
] | null | Supported |
Wetlands that drain into navigable waters are automatically protected under the Clean Water Act. | [
"Rapanos v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
Constitutional principles bar government entities from asserting claims on assets based solely on physical habitation; sufficient connection must exist between authority and holdings. | [
"North Carolina Department of Revenue v. The Kimberley Rice Kaestner 1992 Family Trust"
] | null | Supported |
The law bars national electricity suppliers from extending services to locales with existing commercial energy coverage. | [
"Hardin v. Kentucky Utilities Company"
] | null | Refuted |
In cases where subnational entities provide economic incentives, Article III tribunals retain jurisdiction to determine if those incentives violate fundamental law, regardless of effects on their revenue frameworks. | [
"Hibbs v. Winn"
] | Ohio Civil Rights Commission v. Dayton Christian Public Schools, Inc. | Overruled |
Higher courts may consider imprisonment durations conforming to advisory criteria as justifiable without requiring the presiding judicial officer to detail all relevant considerations. | [
"Rita v. United States"
] | Nelson v. United States | Overruled |
The lower chamber of the federal legislative body must not supplement constitutional standards for holding office and must seat any individual selected by the electorate who fulfills all existing provisions. | [
"Powell v. McCormack"
] | null | Refuted |
Prosecutors must demonstrate that a company had a deliberate strategy to dominate a market and a notable opportunity of resulting control before it can be held responsible for unlawful market governance under federal competition laws. | [
"Spectrum Sports, Inc. v. McQuillan"
] | null | Refuted |
Even with congressional authorization for in-court use of uncoerced declarations, prompt magistrate presentation for detained persons remains mandatory. | [
"Corley v. United States"
] | Maryland v. Shatzer | Overruled |
Title 11 of the U.S. Code governs the creditor payment sequence for judicially approved property transfers in insolvency. | [
"Czyzewski v. Jevic Holding Corp.",
"Travelers Indemnity Co. v. Bailey"
] | null | Refuted |
The highest judicial body within the American system weighs global viewpoints during constitutional penalty reviews. | [
"Roper v. Simmons"
] | null | Refuted |
When federal administrative hearings are like court cases, states have the same protection from being sued as in court. | [
"Federal Maritime Commission v. South Carolina State Ports Authority"
] | Franchise Tax Board of California v. Hyatt | Overruled |
State authorities must establish particularized suspicion before intruding on private domains under constitutional standards. | [
"Chandler v. Miller",
"Grady v. North Carolina"
] | null | Supported |
To sue over a law, a person must show they will be directly harmed by it soon, not just that they might be affected someday. | [
"Carney v. Adams"
] | Susan B. Anthony List v. Driehaus | Overruled |
The government must pay people when it takes their property. | [
"Babbitt v. Youpee",
"Hodel v. Irving"
] | null | Supported |
Employers can ban all narcotics in jobs where safety is important, even if the ban includes medications used for treatment. | [
"New York City Transit Authority v. Beazer"
] | null | Supported |
U.S. government funds directed toward community development may include provisions aiding firms controlled by historically marginalized groups to ensure equality. | [
"Fullilove v. Klutznick"
] | null | Supported |
When public funding allocates assistance to individuals relocating to comparable-priced or cheaper accommodations, it does not automatically impede housing scale reduction and may support justifiable societal goals. | [
"Nordlinger v. Hahn"
] | null | Refuted |
Aid distribution systems based on ethnic heritage require stringent justifications. | [
"Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Peña"
] | null | Supported |
When a private business is significantly supported and intertwined with a state-created entity, its discriminatory actions can constitute state action and violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. | [
"Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority"
] | null | Refuted |
When a person under investigation requests legal counsel, state enforcement personnel are obligated to halt all interviews and prohibited from obtaining spoken information in the absence of counsel. | [
"Maryland v. Blake"
] | Maryland v. Shatzer | Overruled |
Withholding support from those lawfully residing in the area is unconstitutional when based on immigration status or time spent. | [
"Graham v. Richardson"
] | null | Refuted |
The law criminalizes erasing or rendering inaccessible documentation tied to post-secondary education aid when the actor's purpose involves misleading public revenue stewards to secure unlawful financial advantage. | [
"Bates v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
Where a judicial body sanctions a request for post-deadline review of a guilty finding, federal statutes maintain the judgment's unresolved status until the process terminates. | [
"Jimenez v. Quarterman"
] | null | Supported |
Companies cannot be held liable under state law for complying with federal regulations. | [
"Florida Lime & Avocado Growers, Inc. v. Paul",
"Mutual Pharmaceutical Co. v. Bartlett",
"Oneok, Inc. et al. v. Learjet, Inc. et al.",
"Virginia Uranium, Inc. v. Warren"
] | null | Supported |
Law enforcement personnel are required to possess sufficient grounds to conclude another individual is concealed within the premises before executing a search. | [
"Maryland v. Buie"
] | null | Supported |
General discussions of unlawful behavior that do not incite imminent physical harm receive constitutional protections for free expression. | [
"Brandenburg v. Ohio"
] | null | Supported |
Congress can remove state sovereign immunity even without demonstrating a history of unconstitutional state conduct. | [
"Coleman v. Maryland Court of Appeals"
] | null | Refuted |
Judicial authorities must account for statistical uncertainty in cognitive assessments when determining death penalty eligibility. | [
"Brumfield v. Cain",
"Hall v. Florida",
"Moore v. Texas"
] | null | Supported |
To lawfully deprive employees of their property interests in employment, government entities must furnish notice of the factual basis and a pre-deprivation opportunity to contest charges before termination. | [
"Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill"
] | Free Enterprise Fund v. Public Company Oversight Board | Overruled |
U.S. federal staff members who submit grievances about workplace structure and allegations of unequal treatment may seek federal trial court review when the overseeing agency refused to adjudicate due to insufficient legal authority. | [
"Kloeckner v Solis",
"Perry v. Merit Systems Protection Board"
] | null | Supported |
New laws against discrimination don't apply to policies that were already in place before the laws existed, as long as those policies were legal when created. | [
"AT&T Corp. v. Hulteen"
] | International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace & Agricultural Implement Workers of America, UAW | Overruled |
Claims misstating the origin of creative concepts in copyright-unprotected materials fall outside the purview of federal trademark statutes. | [
"Dastar Corporation v. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation"
] | null | Supported |
The procedural threshold for pursuing judicial remedy is crossed when a submission counters unlawful workplace bias and solicits agency redress, regardless of institutional treatment of its format. | [
"Federal Express Corporation v. Holowecki"
] | null | Supported |
Modifying the regulatory boundaries for appellate filing periods requires legislative action from the Congress itself. | [
"Bowles v. Russell"
] | Sebelius v. Auburn Regional Medical Center | Overruled |
Legal practitioners may receive compensation for duties conducted outside judicial environments to safeguard contractual rights and regulatory standards. | [
"Pennsylvania v. Delaware Valley Citizens' Council for Clean Air"
] | null | Supported |
Judicial authorization for physically restricting liberty does not immunize public safety personnel from civil liability when facts fail to support the detention. | [
"Malley v. Briggs"
] | Devenpeck v. Alford | Overruled |
Any legal action with U.S. constitutional or national statutory issues may be transferred to the founding charter's court system despite regional statutory issues. | [
"City of Chicago v. International College of Surgeons"
] | Summers v. Earth Island Institute | Overruled |
The Constitution's rule against laws that make past actions illegal only applies to laws made by legislatures, not court decisions. | [
"Rogers v. Tennessee"
] | null | Supported |
Extensive prior media coverage of a defendant's past crimes creates a presumption of jury bias, and a failure to adequately screen jurors for prejudice resulting from that coverage violates the defendant's right to a fair trial. | [
"Murphy v. Florida"
] | null | Refuted |
State officials may apply legal penalties to individuals publicly admitting statutory breaches if the approach avoids addressing refusal rationales and speech. | [
"Wayte v. United States"
] | McCullen v. Coakley | Overruled |
Plan fiduciaries have a continuing duty to monitor investments and remove imprudent ones, and a breach of this duty triggers the statute of repose. | [
"Tibble v. Edison International"
] | null | Refuted |
Disclosure mandates for employer-funded healthcare programs are preempted by federal regulation when the information falls under national statutory control | [
"Gobeille v. Liberty Mutual Insurance Co."
] | null | Supported |
If a county or city is covered under the Voting Rights Act, it must get federal approval for any changes to voting procedures, even if the state it's in is not covered. | [
"Lopez v. Monterey County"
] | Shelby County v. Holder | Overruled |
Government prohibitions on destroying representations for political communication violate constitutional protections. | [
"Texas v. Johnson"
] | null | Supported |
Federal code permits states to shift highway hazard control oversight to local governments. | [
"City of Columbus v. Ours Garage and Wrecker Service, Inc."
] | null | Refuted |
Jurisdiction of indigenous judicial systems over disputes requires explicit authorization via U.S. statutory provisions or intergovernmental accords. | [
"Strate v. A-1 Contractors"
] | United States v. Lara | Overruled |
Absence of state sponsorship for scripture-focused education implies no hostility toward spiritual practices. | [
"Locke v. Davey"
] | Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue | Overruled |
Price-setting by a joint venture is automatically considered illegal price-fixing under Section 1 of the Sherman Antitrust Act, even if the joint venture operates as a single economic entity. | [
"Texaco Inc. v. Dagher"
] | null | Refuted |
Public authorities cannot mandate sharing information about individuals associated with a group without proving a pressing necessity and the absence of less invasive information-gathering techniques. | [
"National Association for the Advancement of Colored People v. Alabama ex rel. Patterson"
] | null | Refuted |
Criminal offenses are harms to public interest and prosecuted exclusively by state authorities. | [
"Robertson v. United States ex rel. Watson"
] | null | Supported |
When public access to any judicial proceeding portion is restricted, exclusions must be limited strictly to the minimal segment required to protect the interest. | [
"Waller v. Georgia"
] | null | Supported |
Article III courts lack jurisdiction to rule on objections to agency directives when the enacting statute specifies a dedicated adjudicative pathway. | [
"Shalala v. Illinois Council on Long Term Care, Inc."
] | Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner | Overruled |
Subsequent value adjustments to traded securities might stem from external influences other than deception, so the increased payment at acquisition does not alone prove the deceptive misrepresentations led to the financial harm. | [
"Dura Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. Broudo"
] | null | Supported |
Constitutional safeguards for free expression applied to state governments do not shield complete transmission of a stage act without permission, regardless of news value. | [
"Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Company"
] | null | Refuted |
Public authorities have no obligation to confirm receipt of judicial communications; a procedure with a high probability of successful information transfer meets the standard. | [
"Dusenbery v. United States"
] | Morrissey v. Brewer | Overruled |
Supporting the forcible replacement of sovereign authority is unlawful irrespective of any action taken to enact it. | [
"Dennis v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
The ultimate termination of individual claims precludes appellate bodies from assessing collective lawsuit approvals as no case remains for judicial determination. | [
"Microsoft v. Baker"
] | null | Supported |
Even if federal statutes allow case-type changes in liquidation settings, dishonest practices block such transitions. | [
"Marrama v. Citizens Bank of Massachusetts"
] | null | Refuted |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.