claim
stringlengths
47
415
case_name
listlengths
1
5
overruling_case
stringclasses
301 values
label
stringclasses
3 values
Judicial bodies operating within subnational jurisdictions must comply with authoritative determinations of legal standards issued by U.S. appellate system.
[ "Martin v. Hunter's Lessee" ]
null
Supported
A federal entity tasked with resolving workplace conflicts has no jurisdiction over cases involving management personnel because the applicable legislation omits coverage for such roles.
[ "Hanna Mining Company v. District 2, Marine Engineers Beneficial Association, AFL-CIO" ]
null
Supported
Statutory mandates for government monetary compensation can be enforced in court even without legislative direction concerning revenue acquisition.
[ "Maine Community Health Options v. United States" ]
null
Refuted
Police cannot question a suspect for an extended period before taking them to court.
[ "Mallory v. United States" ]
null
Supported
Congress can pass laws that let people sue states, but those laws must be constitutional.
[ "Medical Board of California v. Hason" ]
Franchise Tax Board of California v. Hyatt
Overruled
Under the nation's foundational legal structure, states do not have to supply legal representation to parents lacking financial means during proceedings that sever parent-child connections.
[ "Lassiter v. Department of Social Services", "Miranda v. Arizona" ]
null
Refuted
Sovereign Native American nations cannot use the Reconstruction-era civil rights framework to assert self-governance authority since this statutory provision is exclusively for individual plaintiffs.
[ "Inyo County v. Paiute-Shoshone Indians" ]
Lugar v. Edmondson Oil Company, Inc.
Overruled
When the government appropriates assets without fair remuneration, those with real estate rights need not pursue state judicial resolution prior to federal litigation.
[ "Knick v. Township of Scott, Pennsylvania" ]
null
Refuted
Workers' speech during employment disagreements carries constitutional immunity from defamation liability even when harm to reputation occurs.
[ "Old Dominion Branch No. 496, National Association of Letter Carriers, AFL-CIO v. Austin" ]
null
Refuted
Judicial bodies must adhere to the federal statute that sets forth procedures for assessing governmental decisions, and must not substitute a more rigorous 'obviously wrong' threshold.
[ "Dickinson v. Zurko" ]
null
Refuted
Federal courts can hear cases based on federal laws unless a law specifically says only state courts can handle them.
[ "Mims v. Arrow Financial Services, LLC" ]
Summers v. Earth Island Institute
Overruled
Evidence acquired via property entry following deception about court-issued authorization cannot be introduced.
[ "Bumper v. North Carolina" ]
null
Supported
When legal guidance misrepresents the consequences of a resolution proposal to avoid trial, entitlement to judicial correction necessitates establishing that the individual would have concurred with those terms and the tribunal would have validated the arrangement.
[ "Lafler v. Cooper" ]
Lee v. United States
Overruled
Prosecutors must establish that causing death to prevent disclosure of facts about an unlawful act requires showing a substantial probability the person would have transmitted details to a federal agent handling criminal cases.
[ "Fowler v. United States" ]
null
Refuted
Individuals conspiring to seize control of the nation via forceful means are subject to criminal liability.
[ "Dennis v. United States" ]
null
Supported
When national statutes establish disclosure requirements for employee welfare benefits, subnational entities cannot impose contradictory standards.
[ "Gobeille v. Liberty Mutual Insurance Co." ]
null
Supported
The Constitution only requires a government-provided lawyer when a person could lose their freedom, such as in criminal cases.
[ "Lassiter v. Department of Social Services" ]
Mempa v. Rhay; Miranda v. Arizona
Overruled
Judicial institutions have no obligation to defer to statutory interpretations of administrative bodies.
[ "PDR Network, LLC v. Carlton & Harris Chiropractic Inc." ]
null
Supported
At stations where travelers enter from abroad, government agents may hold persons for the time required to investigate suspicions of internal narcotic concealment.
[ "United States v. Montoya de Hernandez" ]
null
Supported
Statutes annulling previously established agreements involving non-governmental parties violate constitutional prohibitions.
[ "Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward" ]
null
Supported
When a trial court refuses to suspend proceedings to enable binding nonjudicial resolution, the affected litigant may request higher court review of that ruling, which must be accepted regardless of non-involvement in the written contract.
[ "Arthur Andersen LLP v. Carlisle" ]
Major League Baseball Players Association v. Garvey
Overruled
Polygraph test results are not allowed in court because they are not reliable enough to be trusted as evidence.
[ "United States v. Scheffer" ]
null
Supported
Under the federal statutory framework enabling cost recovery for prevailing parties against government entities, declaring that the agency's litigation argument lacked substantive legal support suffices; evidence to confirm this is not required.
[ "Scarborough v. Principi" ]
null
Supported
Free speech protections forbid municipal authorities from permitting property-adjacent business promotions while banning unrelated messaging, irrespective of justifications for beautification or security measures.
[ "Metromedia, Inc. v. City of San Diego" ]
null
Refuted
Protecting a minor's mental health is a compelling state interest sufficient to justify closing a trial to the press and public, even without proof of specific harm from publicity in each case.
[ "Globe Newspaper Co. v. Superior Court, County of Norfolk" ]
null
Refuted
States cannot admit evidence based on testimony taken without the accused having a lawyer present.
[ "Pointer v. Texas" ]
Maryland v. Shatzer
Overruled
Federal pre-approval is necessary for any adjustment to election-related protocols irrespective of scale.
[ "Allen v. State Board of Elections" ]
Lopez v. Monterey County; Riley v. Kennedy; Shelby County v. Holder
Overruled
The constitutional prohibition on state-sponsored religion is violated by educational aid distributed to pupils that mainly provides financial windfalls to religious educational bodies.
[ "Board of Ed. of Central School Dist. No. 1 v. Allen" ]
null
Refuted
Service members may enforce entry prohibitions despite civilian access rights to national security premises.
[ "United States v. Apel" ]
null
Supported
Gender-based unequal treatment by U.S. government personnel violates constitutional procedural fairness requirements.
[ "Davis v. Passman" ]
null
Supported
Public officials cannot dictate where materials may be distributed based on content.
[ "Heffron v. International Soc. for Krishna Consciousness, Inc." ]
null
Supported
Managerial decisions made during or following structured dialogue between representatives of workers and employers generally do not face competition law proceedings when existing statutory rules adequately address them.
[ "Brown v. Pro Football Inc." ]
null
Refuted
When a federal law doesn't specify how long someone has to file a lawsuit, the time limit comes from state law.
[ "North Star Steel Company v. Thomas" ]
null
Supported
Class certification for litigation concerning misstatements about publicly traded assets does not require showing misinformation directly altered valuation metrics.
[ "Erica P. John Fund, Inc. v. Halliburton Co." ]
null
Refuted
U.S. courts may mandate state governments to lower inmate numbers to remedy conditions amounting to cruel and unusual punishment.
[ "Brown v. Plata" ]
null
Supported
Judicial outcomes remain intact when a court officer rules on identity-based removals of potential participants without firsthand engagement in the empaneled group assembly.
[ "Thaler v. Haynes" ]
Uttecht v. Brown
Overruled
Rules governing defendant's factual presentations in court do not inherently violate constitutional principles.
[ "Montana v. Egelhoff" ]
null
Supported
In capital proceedings, all information provided to advocate for avoiding execution must be assessed by the judicial body.
[ "Eddings v. Oklahoma" ]
null
Supported
Citizens may assemble without violence while submitting grievances before public authorities without risk of punitive consequences arising from these acts.
[ "Edwards v. South Carolina" ]
null
Supported
When government agents apply pressure to limit mobility, detainment must occur concurrently with the act, followed by no extended purpose.
[ "Torres v. Madrid" ]
null
Supported
U.S. jurisdictions may not impose minimum residency duration requirements that deny non-local applicants permits to distribute intoxicants.
[ "Tennessee Wine and Spirits Retailers Association v. Thomas" ]
null
Supported
The Fourth Amendment does not require courts to throw out evidence that was legally obtained through a properly issued search warrant, even if police saw it during an illegal search beforehand.
[ "Murray v. United States" ]
null
Supported
A lawsuit must be filed in the district where the key events happened; it cannot be filed in a different district just because the plaintiff lives there.
[ "Walden v. Fiore" ]
Cortez Byrd Chips, Inc. v. Harbert Construction Company
Overruled
Federal dependency benefits are determined by statutory and state inheritance criteria, independent of genetic connections or marital validity.
[ "Astrue v. Capato" ]
null
Refuted
Governmental funding mechanisms for scholastic purposes must include all qualified private learning centers regardless of theological alignment.
[ "Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue" ]
null
Refuted
Courts exercising federal jurisdiction display substantial discretion in addressing racial inequities in education without constraints on implementation details such as student relocation logistics.
[ "Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education" ]
null
Refuted
Within 28 U.S.C. § 1350, the term 'individual' is judicially held to apply exclusively to biological humans and excludes all institutional bodies.
[ "Mohamad v. Palestinian Authority" ]
null
Refuted
Federal applications contesting imprisonment do not alter the twelve-month statutory limit for further custody appeals, irrespective of the timing of prior state evaluations following guilty findings.
[ "Allen v. Siebert", "Duncan v. Walker", "Pace v. DiGuglielmo" ]
null
Refuted
Failure to disclose exculpatory information that could establish innocence violates constitutional procedural justice, irrespective of whether the effect is limited to sentence severity.
[ "Brady v. Maryland" ]
null
Refuted
Whenever factual evidence in a prosecution relies on a written record intended for court, its author must undergo defense questioning to satisfy constitutional requirements against unchallenged proof.
[ "Bullcoming v. New Mexico", "Davis v. Washington", "Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts" ]
null
Refuted
State and local authorities are not constitutionally mandated to subsidize partisan advocacy via employee compensation systems.
[ "Ysursa v. Pocatello Education Association" ]
Janus v. American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees, Council 31
Overruled
Authorization must be secured before making protected visual works accessible to general consumers via electronic networks, as such actions qualify as statutory performances under intellectual property law.
[ "ABC, Inc. v. Aereo, Inc." ]
null
Refuted
Federal laws that do not mention a state court's power to hear cases against companies do not allow state courts to ignore constitutional limits.
[ "BNSF Railway Co. v. Tyrrell" ]
Flagg Bros., Inc. v. Brooks
Overruled
Persons employed in public service enjoy protection against suits seeking financial redress, irrespective of whether typical diligence would have exposed entitlement violations.
[ "Harlow v. Fitzgerald" ]
null
Refuted
Law enforcement employs suggestive prompts within custody situations to produce self-incriminating statements that courts exclude from trial.
[ "Fikes v. Alabama" ]
null
Supported
Admissions of wrongdoing subsequent to a fourteen-day separation from investigatory custody remain admissible in court regardless of earlier requests for counsel.
[ "Maryland v. Shatzer" ]
Escobedo v. Illinois
Overruled
Statutes mandating openness for consultative panels advising the executive branch empower judges to order the release of non-public administrative files, and safeguarding the president's constitutional responsibilities does not block court oversight or pretrial evidence gathering in these matters.
[ "Cheney v. United States District Court for the District of Columbia" ]
null
Refuted
Congress authorizes the national judiciary to adjudicate legal matters related to statutorily established organizations when their enabling legislation contains explicit references to those tribunals.
[ "American National Red Cross v. S.G." ]
Lightfoot v. Cendant Mortgage Corporation
Overruled
If the administration withholds appointment confirmation documents, affected parties may petition the court for their disclosure.
[ "Marbury v. Madison" ]
null
Supported
Government censorship of speech is permissible without independent judicial review.
[ "Freedman v. Maryland" ]
null
Refuted
The state's selection of memorial installations in community spaces is categorized as an official viewpoint and is not constrained by constitutional safeguards for private expression.
[ "Pleasant Grove City v. Summum" ]
null
Refuted
Transmitting terrestrial programming using unique antennas for every patron still requires a statutory copyright authorization through electronic network infrastructure.
[ "ABC, Inc. v. Aereo, Inc." ]
null
Supported
If an eyewitness reports witnessing hazardous automobile maneuvering and promptly alerts authorities, law enforcement may halt the car without first confirming the conduct.
[ "Prado Navarette v. California" ]
null
Supported
Statutes applying varied standards across social categories are legally permissible when a legitimate basis exists, such as shielding the public from prohibitive expenses.
[ "Exxon Corporation v. Eagerton" ]
Bacchus Imports Ltd. v. Dias; Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye, Inc. v. City of Hialeah; International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace & Agricultural Implement Workers of America, UAW
Overruled
A sentence of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole is a permissible punishment for juveniles, regardless of their age or individual circumstances.
[ "Miller v. Alabama" ]
null
Refuted
International air carriers must compensate for in-flight physical harm caused by non-standard operational incidents, even when such harm stems from a health issue that existed before boarding.
[ "Olympic Airways v. Husain" ]
null
Refuted
Human-created organisms capable of biological replication are included in statutes governing invention exclusivity.
[ "Diamond v. Chakrabarty" ]
null
Supported
When media threats to fairness emerge, restricted access to important case intervals is enforced by the overseeing body.
[ "Gannett Company, Inc. v. DePasquale" ]
Richmond Newspapers Inc. v. Virginia
Overruled
When the government secures an automobile, officials may legally inspect its contents without court authorization.
[ "Florida v. Meyers", "South Dakota v. Opperman" ]
null
Refuted
Government intrusions into the immediate areas surrounding a private residence are constitutionally barred without prior judicial authorization.
[ "Florida v. Jardines" ]
null
Supported
Judicial authorities may assess the likelihood of a favorable outcome during the authorization of financial assistance, though applicants are not required to establish certainty of victory.
[ "Ayestas v. Davis" ]
null
Supported
Law enforcement personnel taking an individual into custody for valid cause cannot face civil lawsuits regarding actions inspired by protected expression, since the legal framework lacks any explicit ban against this practice.
[ "Reichle v. Howards" ]
Nieves v. Bartlett
Overruled
If a defendant is acquitted, they cannot be tried again for the same crime, even if the acquittal was made in error.
[ "Fong Foo v. United States" ]
United States v. Dixon
Overruled
Relief from expulsion requires steady location within the nation's borders; brief travels may interrupt eligibility.
[ "Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Phinpathya" ]
null
Refuted
Federal laws are often interpreted to override state laws, even when the federal law is unclear and the issue is traditionally regulated by the states.
[ "CTS Corp. v. Waldburger" ]
null
Refuted
The Constitution does not require police to let a suspect talk to a lawyer during questioning.
[ "Cicenia v. Lagay" ]
Escobedo v. Illinois; Miranda v. Arizona
Overruled
Constitutional privacy safeguards permit security-related internal body examinations for pretrial detainees.
[ "Bell v. Wolfish" ]
null
Refuted
Differences in worker compensation based on training or program participation do not automatically trigger preemption under federal employee benefit plan laws.
[ "California Division of Labor Standards Enforcement v. Dillingham Construction, N.A." ]
null
Refuted
Determining how intertwined benefit adjudication and disbursement roles affect claim decisions necessitates a review of individualized contexts.
[ "Metropolitan Life Ins. Co. v. Glenn" ]
Holloway v. Arkansas
Overruled
A law allowing individuals to sue states for damages based on medical leave must be supported by Congressional findings demonstrating a pattern of constitutional violations by states to be a valid abrogation of state sovereign immunity.
[ "Coleman v. Maryland Court of Appeals" ]
null
Refuted
Challenging federal agency conduct in court necessitates demonstrating concrete injury to the claimant or their organizational supporters.
[ "Sierra Club v. Morton" ]
United Food & Commercial Workers v. Brown Group, Inc.
Overruled
Judicial bodies may determine the legitimacy of executive directives even without specific legislative authorization, particularly when those directives present critical statutory ambiguities and compel major adjustments to organizational behavior.
[ "Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner", "National Park Hospitality Assn. v. Dept. of the Interior" ]
null
Refuted
A court's ability to hear a case does not depend on whether a constitutional issue is explicitly stated in a request for permission to appeal.
[ "Gonzalez v. Thaler" ]
null
Refuted
Public entities have no duty to evaluate alternative approaches while phasing out any benefit scheme.
[ "Department of Homeland Security v. Regents of the University of California" ]
null
Refuted
A court may transfer a case to another jurisdiction even if doing so would subject the plaintiff to different legal standards.
[ "Piper Aircraft Company v. Reyno" ]
null
Refuted
Individuals with suspended prison sentences have a right to a judicial proceeding before returning to custody, but not to state-paid legal assistance automatically.
[ "Gagnon v. Scarpelli" ]
null
Refuted
Materials connected to the national presidency may undergo examination by public records specialists for academic study without diminishing the officeholder's right to protect sensitive information, when subjected to management by governmental administrators and constrained to necessary functions.
[ "Nixon v. Administrator of General Services" ]
null
Supported
When a law specifies exactly what a federal agency must do, other laws cannot add extra requirements unless they explicitly state so.
[ "National Association of Home Builders v. Defenders of Wildlife" ]
Long Island Care at Home, Ltd. v. Coke; Preston v. Ferrer; Saxbe v. Bustos
Overruled
Joining a political organization to obtain food, shelter, or work does make someone eligible for deportation under the Internal Security Act of 1950, as demonstrated by the upholding of Charles Rowoldt's deportation order.
[ "Rowoldt v. Perfetto" ]
null
Refuted
The conditions for claim preclusion differ based on whether knowledge of injury is irrelevant to the deadline or a prerequisite; federal preemption of one doesn't inherently apply to the other.
[ "CTS Corp. v. Waldburger" ]
null
Refuted
Federal law does not prohibit states from setting welfare benefit levels that decrease on a per-person basis as family size increases.
[ "Dandridge v. Williams" ]
null
Refuted
Permitting those tasked with sentencing to evaluate anything that lowers the seriousness of the conduct is adequate for determining if the charged party could display appropriate behavior during detention.
[ "Ayers v. Belmontes" ]
Abdul-Kabir v. Quarterman
Overruled
Foreign governments may initiate legal action in U.S. courts to enforce treaty obligations, but such actions are not guaranteed to succeed and may be dismissed.
[ "Breard v. Greene" ]
null
Refuted
Courts must determine the severity of disruption to regular governance caused by a procedure that selects officials outside standard timing.
[ "North Carolina v. Covington" ]
null
Supported
When government-mandated data disclosure would require acknowledging illegal behavior, constitutional protections against self-implication block enforcement of such demands.
[ "Albertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board", "Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial District Court of Nevada, Humboldt County", "Pennsylvania v. Muniz", "Salinas v. Texas", "Schmerber v. California" ]
null
Supported
To claim a constitutional violation, you must show the government itself acted with discrimination or irrationality, not just that private citizens influenced the government.
[ "City of Cuyahoga Falls v. Buckeye Community Hope" ]
Lugar v. Edmondson Oil Company, Inc.
Overruled
Juries are required to determine whether public employees were aware that their choices could infringe upon foundational legal safeguards during liability evaluations.
[ "O'Connor v. Donaldson" ]
Kisela v. Hughes
Overruled
America's national pastime is exempt from U.S. competition statutes.
[ "Flood v. Kuhn" ]
null
Supported
Prescribing information for generic pharmaceuticals must align with reference products under federal law, thereby barring state courts from hearing related litigation.
[ "Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. v. Albrecht", "PLIVA, Inc. v. Mensing" ]
null
Supported
All state-created local entities are subject to federal regulations that ban workplace bias linked to birth year, irrespective of workforce count.
[ "Mount Lemmon Fire District v. Guido" ]
null
Refuted