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2,312,100 | The validity of self-reported fractures among Danish female nurses: comparison with fractures registered in the Danish National Hospital Register. | The authors compared self-reported non-spine fractures obtained from a cohort of Danish female nurses with fracture diagnoses registered in the Danish National Hospital Register (DNHR).</AbstractText>The self-reported fracture history was obtained from a questionnaire and was related to fracture information registered ... |
2,312,101 | Personal use of HRT by postmenopausal women doctors and doctors' wives in the north of Italy. | This study aimed to describe the prevalence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use by women doctors and doctors' wives in northern Italy, to explore the relationship between their personal characteristics and HRT use, and to gather information about the use of alternative remedies. A questionnaire was mailed to all p... |
2,312,102 | Defining hormone replacement therapy in longitudinal studies: impact on measures of effect. | Data from a nested case-control study, designed to examine the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on colorectal cancer risk, were analyzed to determine the effect of exposure definition on the estimation of risk ratios (RR). A prescription drug plan database was used to ascertain HRT prescriptions dispensed pr... |
2,312,103 | Body size and breast cancer risk: findings from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer And Nutrition (EPIC). | The evidence for anthropometric factors influencing breast cancer risk is accumulating, but uncertainties remain concerning the role of fat distribution and potential effect modifiers. We used data from 73,542 premenopausal and 103,344 postmenopausal women from 9 European countries, taking part in the EPIC study. RRs f... |
2,312,104 | [Analysis of facial lesions on adult type atopic dermatitis with anti-fungus drug (terbinafine hydrochloride) -- analysis of serum anti-Malassezia IgE antibody titers and histamine release test]. | Malassezia furfur has been described as an aggravating factor in facial lesions of atopic dermatitis, and oral antifungal agents have been reported to be effective against these lesions. We used terbinafine hydrochloride to treat 15 patients with adult-type atopic dermatitis and evaluated its efficacy by measuring the ... |
2,312,105 | Notch 1 and 3 receptor signaling modulates vascular smooth muscle cell growth, apoptosis, and migration via a CBF-1/RBP-Jk dependent pathway. | Vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) fate decisions (cell growth, migration, and apoptosis) are fundamental features in the pathogenesis of vascular disease. We investigated the role of Notch 1 and 3 receptor signaling in controlling adult SMC fate in vitro by establishing that hairy enhancer of split (hes-1 and -5) and r... |
2,312,106 | Anaerobic bio-hydrogen production from ethanol fermentation: the role of pH. | Hydrogen was produced by an ethanol-acetate fermentation at pH of 5.0 +/- 0.2 and HRT of 3 days. The yield of hydrogen was 100-200 ml g Glu(-1) with a hydrogen content of 25-40%. This fluctuation in the hydrogen yield was attributed to the formation of propionate and the activity of hydrogen utilizing methanogens. The ... |
2,312,107 | Biofilm morphology and nitrification activities: recovery of nitrifying biofilm particles covered with heterotrophic outgrowth. | Biofilm processes are commonly used for nitrification. Operationally, a whitish heterotrophic biofilm layer tends to develop onto nitrifying biofilm when it has been exposed to organic carbon-containing wastewater for a prolonged period. The development of a heterotrophic biofilm layer could lead to deterioration in ni... |
2,312,108 | Effect of temperature and temperature fluctuation on thermophilic anaerobic digestion of cattle manure. | The influence of temperature, 50 and 60 degrees C, at hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 20 and 10 days, on the performance of anaerobic digestion of cow manure has been investigated in completely stirred tank reactors (CSTRs). Furthermore, the effect of both daily downward and daily upward temperature fluctuations ha... |
2,312,109 | Participants and refusers in a telephone interview about hormone replacement therapy were equally likely to be taking it. | To address a major concern in pharmacoepidemiology studies related to whether the characteristics of responders are different from those who refuse to participate.</AbstractText>We compared utilization of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in women who agreed to participate in a telephone interview on HRT... |
2,312,110 | The treatability study of high strength pet food wastewater: a continuous flow aerobic system performance evaluation. | This paper presents continuous flow two stage activated sludge treatability studies for the treatment of pet food wastewaters characterized by oil & grease concentration of 50,000-66,000 mg l(-1), total COD & BOD concentrations of 100,000 mg l(-1) and 80,000 mg l(-1), respectively. A pre-treatment system, disso... |
2,312,111 | Evaluation of a laboratory and full-scale microalgae pond for tertiary treatment of piggery wastes. | Piggery wastes tertiary treatment in laboratory and full-scale microalgal ponds was evaluated. COD, BOD, inorganic nitrogen and orthophosphate removals of up to 57%, 69%, 79% and 74%, respectively, were obtained. The effect of the hydraulic retention time (HRT) on removal efficiencies followed an exponential relationsh... |
2,312,112 | Removal of residual COD in biologically treated paper-mill effluent and degradation of lignin using nonthermal plasma unit. | This manuscript focused on the degradation behavior of lignin and the reduction of residual COD in the biologically treated paper-mill effluent by means of ionized gas from nonthermal plasma unit. The removal efficiencies of COD, lignin, and color after treated with ionized gas were over 95, 93, and 97%, respectively. ... |
2,312,113 | Effects of mixture ratio and hydraulic retention time on single-stage anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and waste activated sludge. | The biochemical methane potential (BMP) test was used to evaluate the anaerobic biodegradabilities of food waste (FW), waste activated sludge (WAS), and the mixtures having the ratios of 10:90, 30:70, 50:50, 70:30, and 90:10 (FW:WAS) on a volatile solid (VS) basis. The carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio and the biodegradabili... |
2,312,114 | [Hormonal replacement therapy and breast cancer. A case-control study]. | Breast cancer is the second more frequently neoplasia in the woman and the first cause of mortality after 35 years old. It is considered a multifactorial illness, since is influenced for genetic, dietary and endocrine factors. Among these, hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) have been assigned benefits effect, as well a... |
2,312,115 | Breast cancer with different prognostic characteristics developing in Danish women using hormone replacement therapy. | The aim of this study is to investigate the risk of developing prognostic different types of breast cancer in women using hormone replacement therapy (HRT). A total of 10 874 postmenopausal Danish Nurses were followed since 1993. Incident breast cancer cases and histopathological information were retrieved through the ... |
2,312,116 | Hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer risk in Kyushu University Hospital: supporting the Women's Health Initiative study. | The influence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on breast cancer has not been clarified in Japan, however the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trial recently showed breast cancer risk according to use of estrogen plus progestin. We assessed retrospectively the incidence of breast cancer in postmenopausal women who re... |
2,312,117 | Antioxidant and anticancer activities of organic extracts from Platycodon grandiflorum A. De Candolle roots. | This study examined the antioxidant and anticancer activities of the petroleum ether extracts from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC, which is a plant used as both a herbal medicine and food in Asia. Extracts from Platycodon grandiflorum in petroleum ether were fractionated (fractions I-V) by silica gel column... |
2,312,118 | Optic disk appearance in advanced age-related macular degeneration. | To describe and quantify the appearance of the optic disk in patients with advanced age-related macular degeneration (ARMD).</AbstractText>Retrospective comparative study.</AbstractText>A total of 316 charts were reviewed. From these, 45 subjects with advanced ARMD (defined as geographic atrophy or disciform scar) in a... |
2,312,119 | Country of birth, country of residence, and menopausal transitions and symptoms: British birth cohort and Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. | To explore endocrine-related and general symptoms among three groups of middle-aged women defined by country of birth and country of residence, in the context of debates about biological, cultural and other factors in menopause.</AbstractText>British-born women participating in a British birth cohort study (n=1,362) an... |
2,312,120 | Incidence and progression of lens opacities: effect of hormone replacement therapy and reproductive factors. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is associated in cross-sectional studies with a decreased prevalence of lens opacities. We explored the associations of HRT and reproductive factors with the incidence and progression of lens opacities over a 2-year period.</AbstractText>Data were derived from 1458 women ages 65 years ... |
2,312,121 | Hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy for severe premenstrual syndrome. | Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a chronic, poorly understood psycho-endocrine disorder severely affecting 5%; of women. Hormonal therapy which suppresses ovulation is the mainstay of medical treatment, but these interventions are rarely permanent. We evaluated the effectiveness and patient satisfaction with total abdomi... |
2,312,122 | Activity of telomerase and extracellular regulated protein kinases in parental and drug resistant cells of leukemia and ovarian cancer. | In order to study the role of telomerase and extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) in drug-resistance of leukemia and ovarian cancer cells, telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay and bioluminescence analysis were used for qualitative analysis or quantitative detection of telomerase activity respect... |
2,312,123 | Optic disc topography as measured by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and visual field loss in Japanese patients with primary open-angle or normal-tension glaucoma. | To determine whether differences in the optic disc topography and those in the relation between the optic disc topography and visual field indices exist between Japanese patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG).</AbstractText>The study included consecutive Japanese patients wit... |
2,312,124 | Hormonal exposures and breast cancer in a sample of women with systemic lupus erythematosus. | To determine if breast cancer risk in women with SLE is modified by a history of exposure to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or oral contraceptives (OC), after adjusting for other risk factors.</AbstractText>Data were pooled from SLE cohorts at three centres. For each female cohort member (n = 871), the probability o... |
2,312,125 | Unhairing effluents treated by an activated sludge system. | Leather tannery effluents are a source of severe environmental impacts. In particular, the unhairing stage, belonging to beamhouse processes, generates a significantly toxic, alkaline wastewater with high concentrations of organic matter, sulphides, suspended solids and salts. The objective of this work was to evaluate... |
2,312,126 | Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy classifiers and stereophotograph evaluation for prediction of visual field abnormalities in glaucoma-suspect eyes. | To determine whether Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT; Heidelberg Engineering, Dossenheim, Germany) classification techniques and investigational support vector machine (SVM) analyses can detect optic disc abnormalities in glaucoma-suspect eyes before the development of visual field abnormalities.</AbstractText>Glaucom... |
2,312,127 | Medroxyprogesterone acetate downregulates cytokine gene expression in mouse fibroblast cells. | Although medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is used as an injectable contraceptive, in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and in treatment of certain cancers, the steroid receptors and their target genes involved in the actions of MPA are not well understood. We show that MPA, like dexamethasone (dex), significantly repr... |
2,312,128 | Increase in breast size after menopause: prevalence and determinants. | To determine the prevalence and determinants of increases in breast size after menopause.</AbstractText>Subjects were 1130 postmenopausal women, aged 54-71, participating in a population based breast cancer screening project, the DOM-project in Utrecht, The Netherlands. Questionnaire data on changes in breast size, par... |
2,312,129 | Use of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy in the WHO MONICA project. | To compare menopausal age and the use of oral contraceptives (OC) and hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) between the 32 populations of the WHO MONICA Project, representing 20 different countries.</AbstractText>Using a uniform protocol, age at menopause and the use of OC and HRT was recorded in a random sample of 25-64 ... |
2,312,130 | Effect of oral or transdermal hormone replacement therapy on homocysteine levels: a randomized clinical trial. | Aim of this randomized trial was evaluate the effect on homocysteine plasma levels of two different hormone replacement therapy (HRT) formulations in a group of late postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>Eligible for this study were women: in postmenopause since 5 years or more (confirmed from FSH level > or = 40 mIU/... |
2,312,131 | HRT and gynaecologic cancer after WHI: old stuff or new doubts? | Previous studies had shown that there is little concern about endometrial cancer risk with hormone replacement therapy (HRT), whereas the risk of ovarian cancer is still debated. A new paper based on the women's health initiative (WHI) study devoted to gynaecologic cancers has been published in the October 2003 issue o... |
2,312,132 | [Comparison of optic nerve head measurements obtained with the slit lamp and with CSLO]. | To evaluate the accuracy of disk size and cup/disk ratio (C/D) estimation by measuring the vertical diameter and cup/disk ratio at the slit lamp.</AbstractText>Two hundred and thirty eight eyes of 185 people, 82 glaucomas and 156 normal subjects were included. All underwent slit lamp examination, tonometry, optic nerve... |
2,312,133 | Energy intake and physical activity during short-term smoking cessation in postmenopausal women. | This study assessed the effect of short-term (2-week) smoking abstinence on weight gain, energy intake, and physical activity in 60 postmenopausal women. Participants were stratified by their use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT; currently taking/not taking) and then randomized to abstinence or continued smoking for... |
2,312,134 | Biological hydrogen production using a membrane bioreactor. | A cross-flow membrane was coupled to a chemostat to create an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) for biological hydrogen production. The reactor was fed glucose (10,000 mg/L) and inoculated with a soil inoculum heat-treated to kill non-spore-forming methanogens. Hydrogen gas was consistently produced at a concentratio... |
2,312,135 | Likelihood of additional work-up among women undergoing routine screening mammography: the impact of age, breast density, and hormone therapy use. | Mammography screening can involve subsequent work-up to determine a final screening outcome. Understanding the likelihood of different events that follow initial screening is important if women and their health care providers are to be accurately informed about the screening process.</AbstractText>We conducted an analy... |
2,312,136 | Changes in bone mineral density during and after 3 years' use of tamoxifen or toremifene. | To study the effects of tamoxifen and toremifene on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with breast cancer.</AbstractText>Seventy patients with stage II-III breast cancer were randomized to start either tamoxifen (n = 36; 20 mg per day) or toremifene (n = 34; 40 mg per day) for 3 years. BMD in the lumbar... |
2,312,137 | Response rates to oestrogen treatment in perimenopausal women: 5-year data from the Danish Osteoporosis Prevention Study (DOPS). | To characterise women with no response or with a good response to hormone replacement therapy (HRT), evaluated by change in bone mineral density (BMD).</AbstractText>Nested case-control study within a comprehensive cohort study.</AbstractText>In the Danish Osteoporosis Prevention Study (DOPS), perimenopausal women were... |
2,312,138 | Compliance with drug therapies for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. | This study used paid claims data from real-world treatment settings to investigate the impact of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), bisphosphonate and raloxifene on patients with a recorded diagnosis of osteoporosis.</AbstractText>Data from a large health insurer were used to identify 58,109 osteoporosis patients who i... |
2,312,139 | The effect of continuous oestradiol with intermittent norgestimate on bone mineral density and bone turnover in post-menopausal women. | To assess in post-menopausal women the efficacy and tolerability of a continuous oestradiol/intermittent norgestimate HRT regimen to prevent and to reverse post-menopausal loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and to determine the effects on serum bone turnover markers markers.</AbstractText>A 1-year, multicentre, interna... |
2,312,140 | Association between bone, body composition and strength in premenarcheal girls and postmenopausal women. | The study examined whether associations between bone, body composition and strength are age dependent.</AbstractText>Two age levels (premenarcheal girls and postmenopausal women on HRT) were studied in a 10-month follow-up. Bone, lean and fat mass were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and strength wa... |
2,312,141 | To have or to take: discourse, positioning, and narrative identity in women's accounts of HRT. | Using 'social cognitive' frameworks, attitudes to HRT have been examined as if they were stable entities located within individuals. However, qualitative studies have revealed variations and contradictions in women's 'attitudes'. We seek to explain these apparent contradictions by using a social constructionist approac... |
2,312,142 | Anthropometry, breast cancer and menopausal status: use of repeated measurements over 10 years of follow-up-results of the French E3N women's cohort study. | The association between weight, BMI and breast cancer was analyzed on 94,805 women of the E3N cohort according to their menopausal status. Seven hundred eighty-six incident invasive premenopausal breast cancers and 1,522 incident invasive postmenopausal breast cancers occurred during a mean follow-up of 9.7 years. Weig... |
2,312,143 | Comparison of the GDx VCC scanning laser polarimeter, HRT II confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope, and stratus OCT optical coherence tomograph for the detection of glaucoma. | To compare the abilities of current commercially available versions of 3 optical imaging techniques: scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation (GDx VCC), confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (HRT II [Heidelberg Retina Tomograph]), and optical coherence tomography (Stratus OCT) to discriminate betw... |
2,312,144 | Thermophilic (55 degrees C) conversion of methanol in methanogenic-UASB reactors: influence of sulphate on methanol degradation and competition. | Two upflow sludge bed reactors (UASB) were operated for 80 days at 55 degrees C with methanol as the substrate with an organic loading rate (OLR) of about 20 g CODl(-1) per day and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10 h. One UASB was operated without sulphate addition (control reactor-R1) whereas the second was fed w... |
2,312,145 | Availability of hormone replacement therapy products in Canada. | To determine the availability in Canada of different types of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) products, and to compare the availability of HRT products in Canada to their availability in other countries.</AbstractText>A systematic review was conducted of the availability of products indicated for treatment of menopau... |
2,312,146 | An open, randomized, controlled study of transdermal hormone replacement therapy on the rate of bone loss in primary biliary cirrhosis. | The prevalence of osteoporosis amongst patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is high and may be a serious clinical problem. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is effective in preventing bone loss but has not been evaluated in randomized trials in PBC. The primary aim was to study the effect of transdermal HRT in... |
2,312,147 | After the Women's Health Initiative: Postmenopausal women's experiences with discontinuing estrogen replacement therapy. | To gather information about women's responses to the publication of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) and to determine what proportion of women stopped hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and whether the technique of discontinuation affected the recurrence of menopausal symptoms.</AbstractText>73 subjects were identifi... |
2,312,148 | Breast vascular calcification and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure. | Vascular calcification holds promise as a useful cardiovascular risk maker. Our objective was to examine the association between breast vascular calcification and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes.</AbstractText>A cohort study was performed among 12,761 women, 40-79 years of age at baseline (1968-1973), who... |
2,312,149 | [Few alternatives to estrogen replacement therapy for vegetative symptoms after menopause]. | Vasomotor symptoms with hot flushes and sweating are reported by about 75 percent of women around menopause. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the treatment of choice but some women have medical contraindications or side effects. There is, therefore, a need of alternative therapies. Progestagens may decrease hot flu... |
2,312,150 | Influence of weight and weight change on bone loss in perimenopausal and early postmenopausal Scottish women. | Weight is recognized as an important factor in determining an individual's risk of osteoporosis. However, little is known about whether weight or weight change influences bone loss around the time of the menopause, and the relationship with energy intake and physical activity level remains largely undefined. Healthy pr... |
2,312,151 | Assessment of optic nerve head topographic parameters with a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope. | To assess the disc area, age, sex, laterality (side of the eyes) and refractive error dependent differences in optic nerve head topographic parameters in a normal population.</AbstractText>Optic nerve head topographic analysis of both eyes of 551 healthy Turkish subjects aged 11-75 years (1102 eyes) was performed using... |
2,312,152 | The use of RADAAR (ratio of rim area to disc area asymmetry) in detecting glaucoma and its severity. | In a previous study it was shown that the asymmetry of rim area and disc area of fellow eyes expressed as a ratio (rim area to disc area asymmetry ratio [RADAAR]) was associated with the diagnosis of glaucoma in patients with highly asymmetric disease. Furthermore, this ratio was able to distinguish these patients from... |
2,312,153 | [Effects of HRT on the risks of breast cancer and cardiovascular disease: the validity of the epidemiological evidence]. | Publication of the findings of the Women's Health Initiative, in July 2002, the second link of the triptych made up of the Collaborative Reanalysis, in 1997, and the Women Million Study, in 2003, shortly after the WHI, seems to have tolled the knell of HRT, by claiming that women using HRT and combined therapy, have an... |
2,312,154 | Hormone replacement therapy and obstructive airway diseases. | Controversy exists as to the role of female reproductive hormones in asthma and COPD and, specifically, the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on these disorders. The differential incidence of asthma over the menstrual life cycle suggests an effect of female reproductive hormones on asthma; less data are avail... |
2,312,155 | A low dose of daidzein acts as an ERbeta-selective agonist in trabecular osteoblasts of young female piglets. | The role of estrogens and estrogen-like molecules, including isoflavones, in regulating bone cell activities is essential in understanding the etiology and treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis. Although estrogen replacement (HRT) has been the main therapy used to prevent and treat osteoporosis, there are concerns ... |
2,312,156 | Endometrial carcinoma on continuous combined HRT: case report and literature review. | Continuous combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been introduced in an attempt to increase patient compliance by eliminating withdrawal bleeding which is one of the most significant and troublesome side effects of sequential HRT. Moreover, when given on a daily basis, progestin is thought to be more protective... |
2,312,157 | Mammographic breast density changes after 1 year of tibolone use. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is widely used with a large variety of regimens and medications. For each of these regimens the goal is the same but there is always a fear about side effects, especially on breast. Mammographic screening is a standard tool for all women receiving hormone replacement therapy. Breast de... |
2,312,158 | Effects of aging, menopause, and hormone replacement therapy on forearm skin elasticity in women. | To investigate the decline per year in skin elasticity in postmenopausal women and how much hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increased elasticity over 12 months.</AbstractText>Observational study of convenience sample.</AbstractText>The Cardiovascular Hospital of Central Japan, a cardiovascular medical center.</Abstra... |
2,312,159 | Urinary incontinence in primary care: a comparison of older African-American and Caucasian women. | Urinary incontinence is a common problem for aging women. Little is known about urinary incontinence in nonwhite populations. A telephone survey was used to compare the prevalence and severity of urinary incontinence as well as common risk factors for urinary incontinence in 194 African-American (AA) and Caucasian (C) ... |
2,312,160 | Hormone replacement therapy in relation to breast carcinoma incidence rate ratios: a prospective Danish cohort study. | The goal of the current study was to investigate the relation between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and breast carcinoma in a prospective study cohort. Particular attention was paid to the type of HRT used and to the association of HRT type with estrogen receptor status and tumor histology.</AbstractText>Between 19... |
2,312,161 | Anaerobic biodegradation of aircraft deicing fluid in UASB reactors. | A central composite design was employed to methodically investigate anaerobic treatment of aircraft deicing fluid (ADF) in bench-scale Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactors. A total of 23 runs at 17 different operating conditions (0.8% 1.6% ADF (6000-12,000mg/L COD), 12-56h HRT, and 18-36gVSS/L) were conducte... |
2,312,162 | Coliform concentration reduction and related performance evaluation of a down-flow anaerobic fixed bed reactor treating low-strength saline wastewater. | Low-strength saline wastewater may be generated by tourist facilities, industries and communities located in coastal areas. Sea salts, mostly chlorides, when present in wastewaters at high concentrations, can cause inhibition on biological treatment processes. In this study, a laboratory down-flow anaerobic fixed bed r... |
2,312,163 | Optic nerve head morphometry in healthy adults using confocal laser scanning tomography. | <AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND/AIMS" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">To study the optic nerve head (ONH) characteristics in a cross sectional study with confocal laser scanning tomography using the Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT I) and thereby to obtain a new HRT database for comparison of healthy and glaucomatous eyes.</Ab... |
2,312,164 | In vitro testing to diagnose venom allergy and monitor immunotherapy: a placebo-controlled, crossover trial. | In people with a history of sting allergy, only prior reaction severity and older age are known to predict subsequent reaction risk. Furthermore, no diagnostic test other than a deliberate sting challenge has been found to identify people in whom venom immunotherapy (VIT) has been unsuccessful.</AbstractText>We aimed t... |
2,312,165 | Changes in gonadal steroid receptors in the cardinal ligaments of prolapsed uteri: immunohistomorphometric data. | The precise mechanism of uterine prolapse is poorly understood. This immunohistochemical study was performed on paraffin-embedded sections of the cardinal ligaments in an attempt to evaluate the differential expression of gonadal steroid receptors in human cardinal ligaments of prolapsed uteri compared with non-prolaps... |
2,312,166 | Atrazine degradation in anaerobic environment by a mixed microbial consortium. | Atrazine degradation by anaerobic mixed culture microorganism in co-metabolic process and in absence of external carbon and nitrogen source was studied at influent atrazine concentration range of 0.5-15 mg/l. Wastewater of desired characteristic was prepared by the addition of various constituents in distilled water sp... |
2,312,167 | Women's views of optimal risk communication and decision making in general practice consultations about the menopause and hormone replacement therapy. | Primary care consultations about the menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) involve decision making in the face of clinical uncertainty. This qualitative study used focus groups and semi-structured interviews with primary care patients to explore patients' perspectives of optimal risk communication and decisio... |
2,312,168 | Impact of estrogen therapy on Alzheimer's disease: a fork in the road? | The results of recent clinical studies have challenged our previously held view that estrogen therapy promotes neurological health and prevents or ameliorates Alzheimer's disease. A major question emerging from these studies is: how can there be such disparity between the basic science and epidemiological data that sho... |
2,312,169 | Hormone replacement therapy and endometrial cancer. | Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) using unopposed estrogens significantly increases endometrial cancer risk and should not be used in non-hysterectomized women. Even low-potency estrogens (oral estriol) or low-dose unopposed estrogens significantly enhance the risk to develop endometrial cancer. This ris... |
2,312,170 | Decolorization of azo dyes under batch anaerobic and sequential anaerobic/aerobic conditions. | Batch anaerobic and sequential anaerobic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB)/aerobic continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) were used to determine the color and COD removals under anaerobic/aerobic conditions. Two azo dyes namely "Reactive Black 5 (RB 5)," "Congo Red (CR)," and glucose as a carbon source were used f... |
2,312,171 | Performance of Anammox granular sludge bed reactor started up with nitrifying granular sludge. | The anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) granular sludge bed reactor was started up successfully with nitrifying granular sludge. During the operation, the nitrifying granular sludge was gradually converted into Anammox granular sludge with good settling property and high conversion activity. The Anammox reactor worke... |
2,312,172 | Biological nitrogen removal using bio-sorbed internal organic carbon from piggery wastewater in a post-denitrification MLE process. | Nitrogen removal from a piggery wastewater was investigated in a post-denitrification modified Lüdzack Ettinger (PDMLE) process. Overall hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the PDMLE, consisting of contact/separator (C/S), nitrification, denitrification and re-aerobic bioreactor was 10 days. 60% of the influent SCOD... |
2,312,173 | Nitrogen removal characteristics analyzed with gas and microbial community in thermophilic aerobic digestion for piggery waste treatment. | In order to characterize the nitrogen conversion characteristics in a thermophilic aerobic digestion (TAD) system, a laboratory study has been conducted with the analysis of effluent gas and microbial community in the sludge samples. The lab TAD system was operated with HRT of 3 days and 60 degrees C. Based on the nitr... |
2,312,174 | Sequenced anaerobic-aerobic treatment of high strength, strong nitrogenous landfill leachates. | As a first step in treatment of high strength, strong nitrogenous landfill leachates (total COD--9.66-20.56 g/l, total nitrogen 780-1,080 mg/l), the performance of laboratory UASB reactors has been investigated under sub-mesophilic (19+/-3 degrees C) and psychrophilic (10+/-2 degrees C) conditions. Under hydraulic rete... |
2,312,175 | Two-stage entrapped mixed microbial cell process for simultaneous removal of organics and nitrogen for rural domestic sewage application. | A two-stage entrapped mixed microbial cell ((2S)EMMC) process which separates nitrification and denitrification phases by the installation of the anoxic and oxic EMMC reactors packed with EMMC carriers was operated with 6, 4, 3, and 2 hours of hydraulic retention time (HRT) using simulated domestic wastewater. The acti... |
2,312,176 | Improvement of existing nightsoil treatment plant for nitrogen removal. | This study was performed to increase the treatment efficiency and to reduce operation and maintenance costs of the existing nightsoil treatment plant. The existing nightsoil plant was not established by the nitrogen removal process, and was operated ineffectively with deterioration of treatment efficiency rate, and acc... |
2,312,177 | Anaerobic digestion elutriated phased treatment of piggery waste. | The performance of a novel high-rate anaerobic process, the anaerobic digestion elutriated phased treatment (ADEPT) process, for treating a slurry-type piggery waste (55 g COD/L and 37 g TS/L) was investigated. The ADEPT process consists of an acid elutriation slurry reactor for hydrolysis and acidification, followed b... |
2,312,178 | Nitrogen removal from piggery waste with anaerobic pretreatment. | Aerobic degradation of high strength piggery waste elevated the reactor temperature inhibiting nitrification. This study included anaerobic pretreatment with various influent by-pass rates to control the temperature and to minimize the external carbon requirement for denitrification. To find the optimum operating condi... |
2,312,179 | Menopause: neuroendocrine changes and hormone replacement therapy. | We evaluated the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) alone and in combination with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor on mood, cognition, and neuroendocrine parameters in peri- and postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>We measured neuroendocrine variations in peri- and postmenopausal depressed patients (DP... |
2,312,180 | Eight weeks of moderate-intensity exercise training increases heart rate variability in sedentary postmenopausal women. | Regular exercise is associated with increased heart rate variability (HRV). However, results from studies examining the effect of exercise training on HRV in postmenopausal women are inconclusive. In addition, the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on HRV remains a subject of speculation.</AbstractText>We exam... |
2,312,181 | Hormone replacement, race, and psychological health in women: a report from the NHLBI-Sponsored WISE Study. | We analyzed the impact of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on psychological factors in white and black women. We hypothesized that both groups of women would have fewer symptoms of depression and lower hostility scores associated with HRT use.</AbstractText>The cohort included 463 postmenopausal women from the Nationa... |
2,312,182 | Re-evaluation of secondary amenorrheic patients one year after initial diagnosis: a prospective study. | The aim of the study was to re-evaluate women with secondary amenorrhea one year after the first visit evaluation.</AbstractText>One hundred and seventy-five women with secondary amenorrhea were evaluated on the first visit. Their ages ranged from 18 to 29. Secondary amenorrhea was defined by the absence of menses for ... |
2,312,183 | Modeling and simulation of oxygen-limited partial nitritation in a membrane-assisted bioreactor (MBR). | Combination of a partial nitritation process and an anaerobic ammonium oxidation process for the treatment of sludge reject water has some general cost-efficient advantages compared to nitrification-denitrification. The integrated process features two-stage autotrophic conversion of ammonium via nitrite to dinitrogen g... |
2,312,184 | Two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CYP17 and COMT Genes--relation to bone mass and longitudinal bone changes in postmenopausal women with or without hormone replacement therapy. The Danish Osteoporosis Prevention Study. | Sex steroids are important physiologic regulators of bone mass, and genes regulating sex steroid production and metabolism are obvious as candidate genes for osteoporosis susceptibility. We present data from a study of 1795 recent postmenopausal women, assigned to either hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or no treatmen... |
2,312,185 | Investigating abnormal bleeding on HRT or tamoxifen: the role of ultrasonography. | In western countries hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a widely used therapeutic and/or preventive medication in post-menopausal women. Its impact on the endometrium has been extensively investigated. The critical issue is whether and how to monitor the endometrium in women who are taking HRT. Transvaginal ultrasoun... |
2,312,186 | [Bilateral visual field defects with optic disc drusen and secondary open angle glaucoma with PEX--clinical correlation with the HRA]. | Arcuate visual field defects are a typical sign of glaucomatous damage. Elevated intraocular pressure in combination with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PSX) manifests the diagnosis glaucoma. Beyond this state, in microdiscs with optic disc drusen, the exact classification of the visual field defects is crucial.</Abstract... |
2,312,187 | [Modern diagnostic methods for suspected glaucoma and glaucoma]. | Diagnosis of early glaucomatous damage as well as the detection of glaucomatous change are still difficult tasks. During the last years numerous new diagnostic techniques have been investigated and some of them have been introduced to the market.</AbstractText>This paper reviews the different aims of diagnostic technol... |
2,312,188 | Cardiovascular effects of 6 months of hormone replacement therapy versus placebo: differences associated with years since menopause. | In response to post-Women's Health Initiative dialog regarding individualized hormone replacement therapy (HRT), this study evaluates cardiovascular and neuroendocrine effects of HRT versus placebo in postmenopausal women grouped according to time since menopause.</AbstractText>Resting and stress blood pressure (BP), h... |
2,312,189 | Validity of rim area measurements by different reference planes. | Reference plane description of the neuroretinal rim in scanning laser tomography should correctly represent optic nerve morphology. We evaluated how well rim area analysis by different reference planes agreed with the appearance of rim area in disc images.</AbstractText>Three expert observers subjectively and repeatedl... |
2,312,190 | Endometrial response to IVF hormonal manipulation: comparative analysis of menopausal, down regulated and natural cycles.<Pagination><StartPage>21</StartPage><MedlinePgn>21</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Uterine luminal epithelial cell response to different ... | Hypertension is more common in younger men than women but this trend is inverted at approximately 60 years of age--thereafter hypertension is more common in women. Menopause's contribution to this phenomenon is complex. Oestrogen deficiency after menopause precipitates a number of factors and these have established the... |
2,312,191 | Hormonal factors and breast tumor proliferation: do factors that affect cancer risk also affect tumor growth? | Tumor cell proliferation is one of the most significant predictors of prognosis for women with breast cancer. Personal characteristics that affect hormonal exposure have been implicated in breast tumor etiology, and it is possible that they may also influence tumor cell proliferation. We examined the association betwee... |
2,312,192 | Association of vitamin D and estrogen receptor gene polymorphism with the effects of longterm hormone replacement therapy on bone mineral density. | We longitudinally studied whether vitamin D receptor (VDR) and estrogen receptor (ER) gene polymorphisms in Japanese women influenced the effect of longterm hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar spine. The 81 subjects were aged 40 to 64 years (mean +/- SEM, 49.5 +/- 0.6 years), a... |
2,312,193 | Managing the menopause: BMS Council Consensus statement on HRT. | The British Menopause Society Council aims to help health professionals to inform and advise women about the menopause. The oestrogen plus progestogen arm of the Women's Health Initiative was stopped in July 2002. This guidance regarding hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use responds to the results and analysis that ha... |
2,312,194 | No increased risk of endometrial hyperplasia with fixed long-cycle oestrogen-progestogen therapy after five years. | The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term endometrial safety of long-cycle sequential oestrogen-progestogen hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>A prospective, longitudinal, single group study was undertaken in postmenopausal women, aged 45-66 years, treated with up to 21 3-month cycles (five year... |
2,312,195 | ATP content and biomass activity in sequential anaerobic/aerobic reactors. | Specific ATP content of volatile solids was measured to characterize the sludge activity in a sequential an-aerobic/aerobic wastewater treatment system, with an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and a three-phase aerobic fluidized bed (AFB) reactor. The wastewater COD level was 2000-3000 mg/L in simulation... |
2,312,196 | Effect of a high-protein, high-salt diet on calcium and bone metabolism in postmenopausal women stratified by hormone replacement therapy use. | The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of a high-sodium, high-protein diet on bone metabolism in postmenopausal women (aged 49-60 y) stratified by hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use. In a crossover trial, 18 women (n = 8 HRT users (+HRT) and n = 10 nonusers (-HRT)) were randomly assigned to a d... |
2,312,197 | Impact of the women's health initiative trial results on hormone replacement therapy. | To describe the impact of the results of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) discontinuation rates.</AbstractText>Retrospective chart review.</AbstractText>University-based family medicine clinic.</AbstractText>Ninety-eight postmenopausal women (aged 50-79 yrs) with an intact uterus... |
2,312,198 | Changes in magnetic resonance mammography due to hormone replacement therapy. | The aim of the present article is to investigate effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on contrast medium enhancement patterns in postmenopausal patients during magnetic resonance mammography (MRM).</AbstractText>Two hundred and fifteen patients receiving hormonal medication were divided into four groups: 150 pa... |
2,312,199 | Effects of hydraulic retention time and sulfide toxicity on ethanol and acetate oxidation in sulfate-reducing metal-precipitating fluidized-bed reactor. | The effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and sulfide toxicity on ethanol and acetate utilization were studied in a sulfate-reducing fluidized-bed reactor (FBR) treating acidic metal-containing wastewater. The effects of HRT were determined with continuous flow FBR experiments. The percentage of ethanol oxidation w... |
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