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2,330,000 | Circulating isotocin, not angiotensin II, is the major dipsogenic hormone in eels. | Angiotensin II (AngII) is generally known as the most important dipsogenic hormone throughout vertebrates, while two other neurohypophysial hormones, vasopressin and oxytocin, are not dipsogenic in mammals. In this study, we found that systemic isotocin, but not vasotocin, is the potent dipsogenic hormone in eels. When injected intra-arterially into conscious eels, isotocin, vasotocin and AngII equally increased ventral aortic pressure dose dependently at 0.03-1.0 nmol kg-1, but only isotocin induced copious drinking. The dipsogenic effect was dose dependent and occurred significantly at as low as 0.1 nmol kg-1. By contrast, a sustained inhibition of drinking occurred after AngII injection, probably due to baroreflexogenic inhibition. No such inhibition was observed after isotocin injection despite similar concurrent hypertension. The baroreceptor may exist distal to the gill circulation because the vasopressor effect occurred at both ventral and dorsal aorta after AngII but only at ventral aorta after isotocin. By contrast, intra-cerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of isotocin had no effect on drinking or blood pressure, but AngII increased drinking and aortic pressure dose dependently at 0.03-0.3 nmol per eel. Lesioning of the area postrema (AP), a sensory circumventricular organ, abolished drinking induced by peripheral isotocin, but not i.c.v. AngII. Collectively, isotocin seems to be a major circulating hormone that induces swallowing through its action on the AP, while AngII may be an intrinsic brain peptide that induces drinking through its action on a different circumventricular site, possibly a recently identified blood-brain barrier-deficient structure in the antero-ventral third ventricle of eels, as shown in birds and mammals. |
2,330,001 | The effect of image-guided ventricular catheter placement on shunt failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion for the treatment of hydrocephalus is one of the most common neurosurgical procedures. Over the years, the development of the neuronavigation system has allowed the surgeon to be guided in real time during the procedures. Nevertheless, to date, the revision rate remains as high as 30-40%. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of intraoperative image guidance in the prevention of shunt failure. We herein report the first literature meta-analysis of image guidance and shunt revision rate in the pediatric population.</AbstractText>Principal online databases were searched for English-language articles published between January, 1980, and December, 2021. Analysis was limited to articles that included patients younger than 18 years of age at the time of primary V-P shunt. Articles reporting combined results of free-hand and image-guided placement of ventricular catheter (VC) were included. The main outcome measure of the study was the revision rate in relation to the intraoperative tools. Secondary variables collected were the age of the patient and ventricle size. Statistical analyses and meta-analysis plots were done via R and RStudio. Heterogeneity was formally assessed using Q, I2</sup>, and τ2</sup> statistics. To examine publication bias was performed a funnel plot analysis.</AbstractText>A total of 9 studies involving 2017 pediatric patients were included in the meta-analysis. 55.9% of procedures were carried out with the aid of intraoperative tools, while 44.1% procedures were conducted free hand. The intraoperative tools used were ultrasound (9.1%), electromagnetic neuronavigation (21.07%), endoscope (67.32%), and combined images (2.4%).The image-guided placement of VC was not statistically associated with a lower revision rate. The pooled OR was 0.97 [CI 95% 0.88-1.07] with an I2</sup> statistics of 34%, t2</sup> of 0.018 and a p-value of 0.15 at heterogeneity analysis.</AbstractText>Our analysis suggest images guidance during VC shunt placement does not statistically affect shunt survival. Nevertheless, intraoperative tools can support the surgeon especially in patients with difficult anatomy, slit ventricles or complex loculated hydrocephalus.</AbstractText>© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,002 | Effect of the Size of Protein Therapeutics on Brain Pharmacokinetics Following Systematic Administration. | Here, we have investigated the effect of size of protein therapeutics on brain pharmacokinetics (PK) following systemic administration in rats. All tested proteins were derived from trastuzumab that do not bind to any targets in rats. PK data generated with F(ab)<sub>2 </sub>(100 kDa), Fab (50 kDa), and scFv (27 kDa) fragments of trastuzumab, along with published PK data for FcRn non-binding and wild-type trastuzumab (150 kDa), were used to establish a relationship between the protein size and brain exposure. A large-pore microdialysis system was used to measure the PK of proteins in the plasma, the interstitial fluid (ISF) at the striatum (ST), and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at the lateral ventricle (LV) and cisterna magna (CM). Concentrations of all the proteins in plasma, brain homogenate, ISF, and CSF were measured using ELISA. When evaluating the effect of protein size in the absence of FcRn binding, we found a bell-shaped relationship between the size and ISF/plasma AUC ratio, where 100 kDa F(ab)<sub>2</sub> demonstrated the highest exposure. A similar bell-shaped relationship was observed for the brain homogenate/plasma AUC ratio, with a peak at 50 kDa. The CSF/plasma AUC ratio at LV increased monotonously with a decrease in the size of proteins. We observed that the exposure of protein therapeutics in different regions of the brain could be significantly different and there could be optimal sizes of protein therapeutics to accomplish maximum/selective exposure in selected brain regions following systemic administration. |
2,330,003 | Left Ventricular Structure, Tissue Composition, and Aortic Distensibility in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Intervention and Complications. | Alterations in myocardial structure, function, tissue composition (e.g., fibrosis) may be associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to determine the relation of MetS and its individual components to markers of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). A total of 978 subjects of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications T1DM cohort (age: 49 ± 7 years, 47% female, DM duration 28 ± 5 years) underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance. In a subset of 200 patients, myocardial tissue composition was measured with cardiovascular magnetic resonance T1 mapping after contrast administration. MetS was defined as T1DM plus 2 other abnormalities based on the American Heart Association/National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. MetS was present in 34.1% of subjects. After adjustment for age, height, scanner, study cohort, gender, smoking, mean glycated hemoglobin levels, history of macroalbuminuria and end-stage renal disease, left ventricle mass was greater by 12.3 g, end-diastolic volume was higher by 5.4 ml, and mass to end-diastolic volume ratio was higher by 5% in patients with MetS versus those without MetS (p <0.001 for all). Myocardial T1 times were lower by 29 ms in patients with MetS than those without (p <0.001). Elevated waist circumference showed the strongest associations with left ventricle mass (+10.1 g), end-diastolic volume (+6.7 ml), and lower myocardial T1 times (+31 ms) in patients with MetS compared with those without (p <0.01). In conclusion, in a large cohort of patients with T1DM, 34.1% of subjects met MetS criteria. MetS was associated with adverse myocardial structural remodeling and change in myocardial tissue composition. |
2,330,004 | Exercise training does not affect heat tolerance in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). | The progression of climate warming will expose ectotherms to transient heatwave events and temperatures above their tolerance range at increased frequencies. It is therefore pivotal that we understand species' physiological limits and the capacity for various controls to plastically alter these thresholds. Exercise training could have beneficial impacts on organismal heat tolerance through improvements in cardio-respiratory capacity, but this remains unexplored. Using juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), we tested the hypothesis that exercise training improves heat tolerance through enhancements in oxygen-carrying capacity. Fish were trained once daily at 60% of their maximum sustainable swim speed, U<sub>CRIT</sub>, for 60 min. Tolerance to acute warming was assessed following three weeks of exercise training, measured as the critical thermal maximum (CT<sub>MAX</sub>). CT<sub>MAX</sub> measurements were coupled with examinations of the oxygen carrying capacity (haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, relative ventricle size, and relative splenic mass) as critical components of the oxygen transport cascade in fish. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found that exercise training did not raise the CT<sub>MAX</sub> of juvenile Chinook salmon with a mean CT<sub>MAX</sub> increase of just 0.35 °C compared to unexercised control fish. Training also failed to improve the oxygen carrying capacity of fish. Exercise training remains a novel strategy against acute warming that requires substantial fine-tuning before it can be applied to the management of commercial and wild fishes. |
2,330,005 | The pacemaker lead dislocation. | An 88-year-old man with history of pacemaker implantation was admitted for septic shock. His first pacemaker in the left subclavian had been removed because of generator pocket infection. On presentation, the abandoned lead was fallen out of subclavian and coiled up in the right ventricle, causing moderate tricuspid regurgitation. |
2,330,006 | Soluble brain homogenates from diverse human and mouse sources preferentially seed diffuse Aβ plaque pathology when injected into newborn mouse hosts. | Seeding of pathology related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy body disease (LBD) by tissue homogenates or purified protein aggregates in various model systems has revealed prion-like properties of these disorders. Typically, these homogenates are injected into adult mice stereotaxically. Injection of brain lysates into newborn mice represents an alternative approach of delivering seeds that could direct the evolution of amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology co-mixed with either tau or α-synuclein (αSyn) pathology in susceptible mouse models.</AbstractText>Homogenates of human pre-frontal cortex were injected into the lateral ventricles of newborn (P0) mice expressing a mutant humanized amyloid precursor protein (APP), human P301L tau, human wild type αSyn, or combinations thereof. The homogenates were prepared from AD and AD/LBD cases displaying variable degrees of Aβ pathology and co-existing tau and αSyn deposits. Behavioral assessments of APP transgenic mice injected with AD brain lysates were conducted. For comparison, homogenates of aged APP transgenic mice that preferentially exhibit diffuse or cored deposits were similarly injected into the brains of newborn APP mice.</AbstractText>We observed that lysates from the brains with AD (Aβ+, tau+), AD/LBD (Aβ+, tau+, αSyn+), or Pathological Aging (Aβ+, tau-, αSyn-) efficiently seeded diffuse Aβ deposits. Moderate seeding of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) was also observed. No animal of any genotype developed discernable tau or αSyn pathology. Performance in fear-conditioning cognitive tasks was not significantly altered in APP transgenic animals injected with AD brain lysates compared to nontransgenic controls. Homogenates prepared from aged APP transgenic mice with diffuse Aβ deposits induced similar deposits in APP host mice; whereas homogenates from APP mice with cored deposits induced similar cored deposits, albeit at a lower level.</AbstractText>These findings are consistent with the idea that diffuse Aβ pathology, which is a common feature of human AD, AD/LBD, and PA brains, may arise from a distinct strain of misfolded Aβ that is highly transmissible to newborn transgenic APP mice. Seeding of tau or αSyn comorbidities was inefficient in the models we used, indicating that additional methodological refinement will be needed to efficiently seed AD or AD/LBD mixed pathologies by injecting newborn mice.</AbstractText> |
2,330,007 | Paediatric Erdheim-Chester Disease in the Lateral Ventricle: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. | Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis caused by the expression of CD68-positive and CD1a-negative foam tissue cells, which is polar in pediatric patients. The study reports a case of an 8-year-old Chinese boy who presented with polydipsia and polyuria for 4 years, followed by central nervous system symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a large lesion in the lateral ventricle. The histiocytes stained positively for CD68, CD163 and negatively for CD1a, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and langerin, and were partially positive for S100 by immunohistochemical assay. More importantly, BRAFV <i><sup>600E</sup></i> staining was positive in tissue, and the BRAF <i><sup>V600E</sup></i> mutations was also detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in the intracranial lesion tissue. According to our review of the literature, this is a rare case of ECD in the ventricle, with a younger age. |
2,330,008 | Machine Learning Models for Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease Using Multiple Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features. | This study aimed to develop machine learning models for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) using multiple structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features and validate their performance.</AbstractText>Brain structural MRI scans of 60 patients with PD and 56 normal controls (NCs) were enrolled as development dataset and 69 patients with PD and 71 NCs from Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) dataset as independent test dataset. First, multiple structural MRI features were extracted from cerebellar, subcortical, and cortical regions of the brain. Then, the Pearson's correlation test and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression were used to select the most discriminating features. Finally, using logistic regression (LR) classifier with the 5-fold cross-validation scheme in the development dataset, the cerebellar, subcortical, cortical, and a combined model based on all features were constructed separately. The diagnostic performance and clinical net benefit of each model were evaluated with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and the decision curve analysis (DCA) in both datasets.</AbstractText>After feature selection, 5 cerebellar (absolute value of left lobule crus II cortical thickness (CT) and right lobule IV volume, relative value of right lobule VIIIA CT and lobule VI/VIIIA gray matter volume), 3 subcortical (asymmetry index of caudate volume, relative value of left caudate volume, and absolute value of right lateral ventricle), and 4 cortical features (local gyrification index of right anterior circular insular sulcus and anterior agranular insula complex, local fractal dimension of right middle insular area, and CT of left supplementary and cingulate eye field) were selected as the most distinguishing features. The area under the curve (AUC) values of the cerebellar, subcortical, cortical, and combined models were 0.679, 0.555, 0.767, and 0.781, respectively, for the development dataset and 0.646, 0.632, 0.690, and 0.756, respectively, for the independent test dataset, respectively. The combined model showed higher performance than the other models (Delong's test, all p-values < 0.05). All models showed good calibration, and the DCA demonstrated that the combined model has a higher net benefit than other models.</AbstractText>The combined model showed favorable diagnostic performance and clinical net benefit and had the potential to be used as a non-invasive method for the diagnosis of PD.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2022 Ya, Ji, Jia, Zou, Jiang, Yin, Mao, Luo, Wang and Fan.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,009 | Examining for Cavum Septum Pellucidum and Ventricular Enlargement in Retired Elite-Level Rugby League Players. | A cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) has been reported as a visible brain anomaly in normal individuals as well in some former combat and collision sport athletes. The appearance of CSP with fenestrations and ventricular enlargement are considered associated features of the neuropathological diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. The current study examined CSP anatomic features and lateral ventricle size in retired elite rugby league players and controls.</AbstractText>Forty-one retired rugby league players and 41 healthy community controls, similar in age and education, underwent structural MRI scans. CSP grade, CSP length, corpus callosum septal length, and Evans' ratio (for lateral ventricle size) were rated by two of the current study authors. All participants also self-reported concussion exposure histories, depressive symptoms, daytime sleepiness, and impulsivity. They completed a neuropsychological test battery assessing premorbid intellectual functioning, attention, processing speed, language, visuospatial skills, memory, and aspects of executive functioning.</AbstractText>The two raters had high agreement for CSP grade (Cohen's κ = 0.80), CSP length [intraclass correlation (ICC) = 0.99], corpus callosum septal length (ICC = 0.73), the CSP/septal ratio (ICC = 0.99), and the Evans' ratio (ICC = 0.75). Twenty-five retired players (61.0%) had an abnormal CSP compared to 17 controls [41.5%; <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>χ</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mtext> </mml:mtext> <mml:mn>82</mml:mn></mml:mrow> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> = 3.12, p</i> = 0.08, odds ratio = 2.21]. The CSP/septal ratio was larger for retired players than for the controls. The Evans' ratio did not differ between the two groups. In the retired rugby league players (n</i> = 41), those with normal (n</i> = 16) and abnormal (n</i> = 25) CSP grades did not differ across age, age of first exposure to collision sport, years of sport exposure, concussion history, or 23 clinical and cognitive variables.</AbstractText>This study revealed a difference in the size of the CSP between retired professional rugby league players and controls. There was no significant difference in the size of the ventricles between the two groups. There were no significant differences between those with vs. without an abnormal CSP on age of first exposure to rugby league, years of exposure to repetitive neurotrauma, number of lifetime concussions, depression, impulsivity, perceived cognitive decline, or on any neuropsychological test.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2022 Stanwell, Iverson, Van Patten, Castellani, McCrory and Gardner.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,010 | Contribution of white matter hyperintensities to ventricular enlargement in older adults. | Lateral ventricles might increase due to generalized tissue loss related to brain atrophy. Alternatively, they may expand into areas of tissue loss related to white matter hyperintensities (WMH). We assessed longitudinal associations between lateral ventricle and WMH volumes, accounting for total brain volume, blood pressure, history of stroke, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and smoking at ages 73, 76 and 79, in participants from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936, including MRI data from all available time points. Lateral ventricle volume increased steadily with age, WMH volume change was more variable. WMH volume decreased in 20% and increased in remaining subjects. Over 6 years, lateral ventricle volume increased by 3% per year of age, 0.1% per mm Hg increase in blood pressure, 3.2% per 1% decrease of total brain volume, and 4.5% per 1% increase of WMH volume. Over time, lateral ventricle volumes were 19% smaller in women than men. Ventricular and WMH volume changes are modestly associated and independent of general brain atrophy, suggesting that their underlying processes do not fully overlap. |
2,330,011 | Factors Associated with Acute Obstructive Hydrocephalus After Retrosigmoid Approach for Extra-Axial Cerebellopontine Angle Tumors. | This study aimed to identify the risk factors for acute obstructive hydrocephalus (AOHCP) after extra-axial cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumor surgery using the retrosigmoid (RS) approach.</AbstractText>This retrospective study assessed 154 patients (100 vestibular schwannomas, 34 CPA meningiomas [MNGs], 9 trigeminal schwannomas, and 11 petroclival MNGs) who underwent surgical resection using the RS approach by a single surgeon between August 2010 and September 2019. AOHCP was defined as postoperative ventricular enlargement due to cerebrospinal fluid flow obstruction caused by surgery-related cerebellar injury within 1 week. The radiological characteristics of the tumors were classified, and the surgical outcomes were reviewed. We analyzed the impact of different factors on the development of AOHCP after surgery.</AbstractText>AOHCP developed in 17 (11%) patients, all of whom were treated with external ventricular drain insertion. Multivariate analysis showed that CPA MNGs (odds ratio [OR], 37.98), grade of tumor extension beyond the petroclival junction (grade 1: OR, 16.42; grade 2: OR, 17.47), major fourth ventricle compression (OR, 17.77), and surgery-related hemorrhage (OR, 7.64) were associated with AOHCP. Surgery-related hemorrhage was observed in 17 (11%) patients. 9 (6%) patients underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery because of persistent HCP.</AbstractText>An increased risk of AOHCP after the RS approach was observed in patients with extra-axial CPA tumors with clival extension and major fourth ventricle compression. Compulsive and meticulous hemostasis must be achieved because postoperative hemorrhage is associated with AOHCP.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,012 | E-cigarette exposure with or without heating the e-liquid induces differential remodeling in the lungs and right heart of mice. | Various cardiopulmonary pathologies associated with electronic cigarette (EC) vaping have been reported. This study investigated the differential adverse effects of heating-associated by-products versus the intact components of EC aerosol to the lungs and heart of mice. We further dissected the roles of caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9)-associated innate immune response and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in EC exposure-induced cardiopulmonary injury. C57BL/6 wild type (WT), CARD9<sup>-/-</sup>, and NLRP3<sup>-/-</sup> mice were exposed to EC aerosol 3 h/day, 5 days/week for 6 month with or without heating the e-liquid with exposure to ambient air as the control. In WT mice, EC exposure with heating (EwH) significantly increased right ventricle (RV) free wall thickness at systole and diastole. However, EC exposure without heating (EwoH) caused a significant decrease in the wall thickness at systole. RV fractional shortening was also markedly reduced following EwH in WT and NLRP3<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Further, EwH activated NF-κB and p38 MAPK inflammatory signaling in the lungs, but not in the RV, in a CARD9- and NLRP3-dependent manner. Levels of circulatory inflammatory mediators were also elevated following EwH, indicating systemic inflammation. Moreover, EwoH activated TGF-β1/SMAD2/3/α-SMA fibrosis signaling in the lungs but not the RV of WT mice. In conclusion, EC aerosol exposure following EwH or EwoH induced differential cardiopulmonary remodeling and CARD9 innate immune response and NLRP3 inflammasome contributed to the adverse effects. |
2,330,013 | Developmental differences in myocardial transmembrane Na<sup>+</sup> transport: implications for excitability and Na<sup>+</sup> handling. | Little is currently known about possible developmental changes in myocardial Na<sup>+</sup> handling, which may have impact on cell excitability and Ca<sup>2+</sup> content. Resting intracellular Na<sup>+</sup> concentration ([Na<sup>+</sup> ]<sub>i</sub> ), measured in freshly isolated rat ventricular myocytes with CoroNa green, was not significantly different in neonates (3-5 days old) and adults, but electrical stimulation caused marked [Na<sup>+</sup> ]<sub>i</sub> rise only in neonates. Inhibition of L-type Ca<sup>2+</sup> current by CdCl<sub>2</sub> abolished not only systolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> transients, but also activity-dependent intracellular Na<sup>+</sup> accumulation in immature cells. This indicates that the main Na<sup>+</sup> influx pathway during activity is the Na<sup>+</sup> /Ca<sup>2+</sup> exchanger, rather than voltage-dependent Na<sup>+</sup> current (I<sub>Na</sub> ), which was not affected by CdCl<sub>2</sub> . In immature myocytes, I<sub>Na</sub> density was two-fold greater, inactivation was faster, and the current peak occurred at less negative transmembrane potential (E<sub>m</sub> ) than in adults. Na<sup>+</sup> channel steady-state activation and inactivation curves in neonates showed a rightward shift, which should increase channel availability at diastolic E<sub>m</sub> , but also require greater depolarization for excitation, which was observed experimentally and reproduced in computer simulations. Ventricular mRNA levels of Na<sub>v</sub> 1.1, Na<sub>v</sub> 1.4 and Na<sub>v</sub> 1.5 pore-forming isoforms were greater in neonate ventricles, while a decrease was seen for the β1 subunit. Both molecular and biophysical changes in the channel profile may contribute to the differences in I<sub>Na</sub> density and voltage-dependence, and also to the less negative threshold E<sub>m</sub> , in neonates compared to adults. The apparently lower excitability in immature ventricle may confer protection against the development of spontaneous activity in this tissue. KEY POINTS: Previous studies showed that myocardial preparations from immature rats are less sensitive to electrical field stimulation than adult preparations. Freshly isolated ventricular myocytes from neonatal rats showed lower excitability than adult cells, e.g. less negative threshold membrane potential and greater membrane depolarization required for action potential triggering. In addition to differences in mRNA levels for Na<sup>+</sup> channel isoforms and greater Na<sup>+</sup> current (I<sub>Na</sub> ) density, Na<sup>+</sup> channel voltage-dependence was shifted to the right in immature myocytes, which seems to be sufficient to decrease excitability, according to computer simulations. Only in neonatal myocytes did cyclic activity promote marked cytosolic Na<sup>+</sup> accumulation, which was prevented by abolition of systolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> transients by blockade of Ca<sup>2+</sup> currents. Developmental changes in I<sub>Na</sub> may account for the difference in action potential initiation parameters, but not for cytosolic Na<sup>+</sup> accumulation, which seems to be due mainly to Na<sup>+</sup> /Ca<sup>2+</sup> exchanger-mediated Na<sup>+</sup> influx. |
2,330,014 | Brain ventricles, CSF and cognition: a narrative review. | The brain ventricles are structures that have been related to cognition since antiquity. They are essential components in the development and maintenance of brain functions. The aging process runs with the enlargement of ventricles and is related to a less selective blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and then a more toxic cerebrospinal fluid environment. The study of brain ventricles as a biological marker of aging is promissing because they are structures easily identified in neuroimaging studies, present good inter-rater reliability, and measures of them can identify brain atrophy earlier than cortical structures. The ventricular system also plays roles in the development of dementia, since dysfunction in the clearance of beta-amyloid protein is a key mechanism in sporadic Alzheimer's disease. The morphometric and volumetric studies of the brain ventricles can help to distinguish between healthy elderly and persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Brain ventricle data may contribute to the appropriate allocation of individuals in groups at higher risk for MCI-dementia progression in clinical trials and to measuring therapeutic responses in these studies, as well as providing differential diagnosis, such as normal pressure hydrocephalus. Here, we reviewed the pathophysiology of healthy aging and cognitive decline, focusing on the role of the choroid plexus and brain ventricles in this process. |
2,330,015 | Computational profiling of hiPSC-derived heart organoids reveals chamber defects associated with NKX2-5 deficiency. | Heart organoids have the potential to generate primary heart-like anatomical structures and hold great promise as in vitro models for cardiac disease. However, their properties have not yet been fully studied, which hinders their wide spread application. Here we report the development of differentiation systems for ventricular and atrial heart organoids, enabling the study of heart diseases with chamber defects. We show that our systems generate chamber-specific organoids comprising of the major cardiac cell types, and we use single cell RNA sequencing together with sample multiplexing to characterize the cells we generate. To that end, we developed a machine learning label transfer approach leveraging cell type, chamber, and laterality annotations available for primary human fetal heart cells. We then used this model to analyze organoid cells from an isogeneic line carrying an Ebstein's anomaly associated genetic variant in NKX2-5, and we successfully recapitulated the disease's atrialized ventricular defects. In summary, we have established a workflow integrating heart organoids and computational analysis to model heart development in normal and disease states. |
2,330,016 | sTREM-1 promotes the phagocytic function of microglia to induce hippocampus damage via the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. | Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) is a soluble form of TREM-1 released during inflammation. Elevated sTREM-1 levels have been found in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) patients; yet, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the role of sTREM-1 in brain damage and its underlying mechanism. The sTREM-1 recombinant protein (2.5 μg/3 μL) was injected into the lateral ventricle of C57BL/6 female mice. After intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection, the damage in hippocampal neurons increased, and the loss of neuronal synapses and activation of microglia increased compared to the control mice (treated with saline). In vitro. after sTREM-1 stimulation, the apoptosis of BV2 cells decreased, the polarization of BV2 cells shifted to the M1 phenotype, the phagocytic function of BV2 cells significantly improved, while the PI3K-AKT signal pathway was activated in vivo and in vitro. PI3K-AKT pathway inhibitor LY294002 reversed the excessive activation and phagocytosis of microglia caused by sTREM-1 in vivo and in vitro, which in turn improved the hippocampus damage. These results indicated that sTREM-1 activated the microglial by the PI3K-AKT signal pathway, and promoted its excessive phagocytosis of the neuronal synapse, thus inducing hippocampal damage. sTREM-1 might be a potential target for inducing brain lesions. |
2,330,017 | Periventricular magnetisation transfer abnormalities in early multiple sclerosis. | Recent studies suggested that CSF-mediated factors contribute to periventricular (PV) T2-hyperintense lesion formation in multiple sclerosis (MS) and this in turn correlates with cortical damage. We thus investigated if such PV-changes are observable microstructurally in early-MS and if they correlate with cortical damage.</AbstractText>We assessed the magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR) in PV normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and in MS lesions in 44 patients with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) suggestive of MS and 73 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients. Band-wise MTR values were related to cortical mean thickness (CMT) and compared with 49 healthy controls (HCs). For each band, MTR changes were assessed relative to the average MTR values of all HCs.</AbstractText>Relative to HCs, PV-MTR was significantly reduced up to 2.63% in CIS and 5.37% in RRMS (p < 0.0001). The MTR decreased towards the lateral ventricles with 0.18%/mm in CIS and 0.31%/mm in RRMS patients, relative to HCs. In RRMS, MTR-values adjacent to the ventricle and in PV-lesions correlated positively with CMT and negatively with EDSS.</AbstractText>PV-MTR gradients are present from the earliest stage of MS, consistent with more pronounced microstructural WM-damage closer to the ventricles. The positive association between reduced CMT and lower MTR in PV-NAWM suggests a common pathophysiologic mechanism. Together, these findings indicate the potential use of multimodal MRI as refined marker for MS-related tissue changes.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,018 | Toward Neuro-Oncologic Clinical Trials of High-Dose-Rate Synchrotron Microbeam Radiation Therapy: First Treatment of a Spontaneous Canine Brain Tumor. | The high potential of microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) in improving tumor control while reducing side effects has been shown by numerous preclinical studies. MRT offers a widened therapeutic window by using the periodical spatial fractionation of synchrotron generated x-rays into an array of intense parallel microbeams. MRT now enters a clinical transfer phase. As proof of principle and cornerstone for the safe clinical transfer of MRT, we conducted a "first in dog" trial under clinical conditions. In this report, we evaluated whether a 3-dimensional conformal MRT can be safely delivered as exclusive radiosurgical treatment in animal patients METHODS AND MATERIALS: We irradiated a 17.5-kg French bulldog for a spontaneous brain tumor (glioma suspected on magnetic resonance imaging) with conformal high-dose-rate microbeam arrays (50-µm-wide microbeams, replicated with a pitch of 400 μm) of synchrotron-generated x-rays. The dose prescription adjusted a minimal cumulated valley dose of 2.8 Gy to the plnning target volume (PTV) (cinical target volume (CTV)+ 1 mm). Thus, each beam delivered 20 to 25 Gy to the target as peak doses, and ∼1 Gy as valley doses RESULTS: The treatment was successfully delivered. Clinical follow-up over 3 months showed a significant improvement of the dog's quality of life: the symptoms disappeared. Magnetic resonance imaging, performed 3 months after irradiation, revealed reduction in tumor size (-87.4%) and mass effect with normalization of the left lateral ventricle.</AbstractText>To our knowledge, this neuro-oncologic veterinary trial is the first 3-dimensional conformal synchrotron x-ray MRT treatment of a spontaneous intracranial tumor in a large animal. It is an essential last step toward the clinical transfer of MRT in the near future to demonstrate the feasibility and safety of treating deep-seated tumors using synchrotron-generated microbeams.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,019 | Hydrogen sulfide ameliorated preeclampsia via suppression of toll-like receptor 4-activated inflammation in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of rats. | This study aims to determine whether toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammation in rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) causes sympathetic overactivity leading to preeclampsia (PE) and if TLR4 inhibition with hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) would reduce PE severity. Thirty patients with PE and 30 pregnant controls were involved. PE in rats was induced through deoxycorticosterone acetate and normal saline. NaHS (donor of H<sub>2</sub>S), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (TLR4 agonist), and TAK-242 (TLR4 inhibitor) were injected in lateral cerebral ventricle to investigate their effect on microglia-mediated inflammation in RVLM, sympathetic activation, and PE symptoms. In patients with PE, plasma levels of NE, TNF-α, and interleukin-1β were high compared with those of controls, whereas levels of H<sub>2</sub>S were low. Rats with PE showed an increased amount of renal sympathetic nerve activity and plasma levels of NE, with decreased H<sub>2</sub>S levels in RVLM. Microglia-mediated inflammation was observed in the RVLM of PE rats. Central infusion of LPS in pregnant rats induced microglia-mediated inflammation, sympathetic nervous tension, and PE-like symptoms, whereas TAK-242 reduced PE symptoms. NaHS treatment lessened microglia-mediated inflammation in the RVLM, sympathetic tension, and symptoms of PE both in PE rats and LPS-treating pregnant rats.These results suggest that inflammation in the RVLM caused by microglial activation might contribute to the progression of PE via an overactive sympathetic system. H<sub>2</sub>S could reduce PE via inhibiting inflammation in the RVLM. These results might provide a new target for the treatment of PE. |
2,330,020 | Downregulation of microRNA-124-3p promotes subventricular zone neural stem cell activation by enhancing the function of BDNF downstream pathways after traumatic brain injury in adult rats.<Pagination><StartPage>1081</StartPage><EndPage>1092</EndPage><MedlinePgn>1081-1092</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1111/cns.13845</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="AIMS">In this study, the effect of intracerebral ventricle injection with a miR-124-3p agomir or antagomir on prognosis and on subventricular zone (SVZ) neural stem cells (NSCs) in adult rats with moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) was investigated.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS">Model rats with moderate controlled cortical impact (CCI) were established and verified as described previously. The dynamic changes in miR-124-3p and the status of NSCs in the SVZ were analyzed. To evaluate the effect of lateral ventricle injection with miR-124-3p analogs and inhibitors after TBI, modified neurological severity scores (mNSSs) and rotarod tests were used to assess motor function prognosis. The variation in SVZ NSC marker expression was also explored. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of predicted miR-124-3p targets was performed to infer miR-124-3p functions, and miR-124-3p effects on pivotal predicted targets were further explored.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS">Administration of miR-124 inhibitors enhanced SVZ NSC proliferation and improved the motor function of TBI rats. Functional analysis of miR-124 targets revealed high correlations between miR-124 and neurotrophin signaling pathways, especially the TrkB downstream pathway. PI3K, Akt3, and Ras were found to be crucial miR-124 targets and to be involved in most predicted functional pathways. Interference with miR-124 expression in the lateral ventricle affected the PI3K/Akt3 and Ras pathways in the SVZ, and miR-124 inhibitors intensified the potency of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in SVZ NSC proliferation after TBI.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION">Disrupting miR-124 expression through lateral ventricle injection has beneficial effects on neuroregeneration and TBI prognosis. Moreover, the combined use of BDNF and miR-124 inhibitors might lead to better outcomes in TBI than BDNF treatment alone.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2022 The Authors. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kang</LastName><ForeName>En-Ming</ForeName><Initials>EM</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-1281-3458</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jia</LastName><ForeName>Yi-Bin</ForeName><Initials>YB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Jia-You</ForeName><Initials>JY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Guan-Yi</ForeName><Initials>GY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName><ForeName>Hui-Jun</ForeName><Initials>HJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName><ForeName>Xiao-Yan</ForeName><Initials>XY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ye</LastName><ForeName>Yu-Qin</ForeName><Initials>YQ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, PLA 163rd Hospital (Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Xin</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Su</LastName><ForeName>Xin-Hong</ForeName><Initials>XH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Jing-Yu</ForeName><Initials>JY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Teaching and Research Support Center, Engineering University of Chinese Armed Police Force, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>He</LastName><ForeName>Xiao-Sheng</ForeName><Initials>XS</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-2979-9317</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2022</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>28</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>CNS Neurosci Ther</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101473265</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1755-5930</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C000628854">Bdnf protein, rat</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D019208">Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C548144">MIRN124 microRNA, rat</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D035683">MicroRNAs</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000070642" MajorTopicYN="Y">Brain Injuries, Traumatic</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019208" MajorTopicYN="Y">Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015536" MajorTopicYN="N">Down-Regulation</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D020547" MajorTopicYN="N">Lateral Ventricles</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D035683" MajorTopicYN="Y">MicroRNAs</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058953" MajorTopicYN="Y">Neural Stem Cells</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019869" MajorTopicYN="N">Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051381" MajorTopicYN="N">Rats</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017207" MajorTopicYN="N">Rats, Sprague-Dawley</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">bioinformatics</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF)</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">miR-124</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">neural stem cells (NSCs)</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">subventricular zone (SVZ)</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">traumatic brain injury (TBI)</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate 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CNS Neurosci Ther. 2020;26(3):288‐296.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7052807</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32064759</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">35481490</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2022</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>28</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1467-1107</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><PubDate><Year>2022</Year><Month>Apr</Month><Day>28</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Cardiology in the young</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Cardiol Young</ISOAbbreviation></Journal>Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in a child with single-ventricle disease. | Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, a disease that causes transient contractile abnormalities mainly in the left ventricular apex, is rarely reported in children, especially in those with single-ventricle disease. A 4-year-old boy with a single right ventricle was transferred to our hospital following a severe seizure and was diagnosed with takotsubo cardiomyopathy by echocardiography. His cardiac function improved; however, he developed hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. |
2,330,021 | Open-aqueduct LOVA, LIAS, iNPH: a comparative clinical-radiological study exploring the "grey zone" between different forms of chronic adulthood hydrocephalus. | The definition of chronic adult hydrocephalus encompasses different pathological entities with overlapping characteristics, including long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA), late-onset idiopathic aqueductal stenosis (LIAS) and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). The aim of our study was to identify preoperative clinical and radiological features peculiar of these diseases providing some pathophysiology inferences on these forms of hydrocephalus.</AbstractText>Clinical and radiological preoperative records, type of surgical treatment and clinical outcome of patients with chronic adult hydrocephalus who were surgically treated between 2013 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the contribution of each variable to the differential diagnosis.</AbstractText>In total, 105 patients were included: 18 with LOVA, 23 with LIAS and 64 with iNPH. On multivariate analysis, an enlarged cisterna magna and a more severe ventriculomegaly were associated with the diagnosis of LOVA, while an older age and DESH with iNPH. LIAS patients tend to have an higher prevalence of raised ICP symptoms. Based on that, a clinical and radiological scoring system was developed to distinguish between iNPH and no iNPH cases. A precise cut-off value with a sensitivity of 95.1% and a specificity of 90.6% was identified.</AbstractText>LOVA, LIAS and iNPH are different forms of chronic adulthood hydrocephalus and present different and peculiar clinical and radiological features, with an impact on the treatment and outcome prediction. The implementation of a clinical-radiological score for differential diagnosis may help the differentiation. Further studies are warranted.</AbstractText>© 2022. The Author(s).</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,022 | Mortality in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in the Modern Era: Early Insights From the Pulmonary Hypertension Association Registry. | Background Current mortality data for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in the United States are based on registries that enrolled patients prior to 2010. We sought to determine mortality in PAH in the modern era using the PHAR (Pulmonary Hypertension Association Registry). Methods and Results We identified all adult patients with PAH enrolled in the PHAR between September 2015 and September 2020 (N=935). We used Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models to assess mortality at 1, 2, and 3 years. Patients were stratified based on disease severity by 3 validated risk scores. In treatment-naïve patients, we compared survival based on initial treatment strategy. The median age was 56 years (44-68 years), and 76% were women. Of the 935 patients, 483 (52%) were ≤6 months from PAH diagnosis. There were 121 deaths (12.9%) during a median follow-up time of 489 days (281-812 days). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year mortality was 8% (95% CI, 6%-10%), 16% (95% CI, 13%-19%), and 21% (95% CI, 17%-25%), respectively. When stratified into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk PAH, the mortality at 1, 2, and 3 years was 1%, 4% to 6%, and 7% to 11% for low risk; 7% to 8%, 11% to 16%, and 18% to 20% for intermediate risk; and 12% to 19%, 22% to 38%, and 28% to 55% for high risk, respectively. In treatment-naïve patients, initial combination therapy was associated with better 1-year survival (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.19-0.95]; <i>P</i>=0.037). Conclusions Mortality in the intermediate- and high-risk patients with PAH remains unacceptably high in the PHAR, suggesting the importance for early diagnosis, aggressive use of available therapies, and the need for better therapeutics. |
2,330,023 | Downregulation of circ-ZNF609 Promotes Heart Repair by Modulating RNA N<sup>6</sup>-Methyladenosine-Modified <i>Yap</i> Expression. | Circular RNAs take crucial roles in several pathophysiological processes. The regulatory role and its underlying mechanisms of circ-ZNF609 in the heart remains largely unknown. Here, we report that circ-ZNF609 is upregulated during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) remodeling. Knockdown of circ-ZNF609 protects against acute I/R injury and attenuates left ventricle dysfunction after I/R remodeling <i>in vivo</i>. <i>In vitro</i>, circ-ZNF609 regulates cardiomyocyte survival and proliferation via modulating the crosstalk between Hippo-YAP and Akt signaling. Mechanically, N<sup>6</sup>-methyladenosine-modification is involved in the regulatory role of circ-ZNF609 on YAP. An in-depth study indicates that knockdown of circ-ZNF609 decreases the expression of YTHDF3 and further fine-tuned the accessibility of <i>Yap</i> mRNA to YTHDF1 and YTHDF2 to regulate YAP expression. circ-ZNF609 knockdown represents a promising therapeutic strategy to combat the pathological process of myocardial I/R injury. |
2,330,024 | Clinical features and prognostic significance of tumor involved with subventricular zone in pediatric glioblastoma: a 10-year experience in a single hospital. | Tumors involved with subventricular zone (SVZ) predicted an adverse prognosis had been well proved in adult glioblastoma (GBM). However, we still know less about its impact on children due to the rarity of pediatric glioblastoma (pGBM). We performed this retrospective study to better understand the clinical and prognostic features of pGBM involved with SVZ.</AbstractText>Fifty-two patients diagnosed with pGBM at our center between January 2011 and January 2021 were selected for review to demonstrate the characteristics of tumor contacting SVZ. Thirty patients who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy postoperatively were selected for survival analysis.</AbstractText>Of all the 52 patients, 21 were found to contact SVZ and 31 were not. The median PFS and OS in SVZ + patients were 5.2 and 8.9 months, respectively, whereas median PFS and OS were 11.9 and 17.9 months, respectively, in SVZ - patients. Multivariate analysis showed that involvement of SVZ was an independent prognostic factor for OS while focality at diagnosis was an independent prognostic factor for PFS. Tumors contacted with SVZ tend to have larger volumes, lower incidence of epilepsy, and lower total resect rate and they were more likely to originate from midline location. Age at diagnosis; gender; adjuvant therapy; focality at diagnosis; focality at relapse; mutational status of H3K27M, MGMT, IDH1, and IDH2; and expression of P53 and ATRX protein failed to characterize SVZ + patients.</AbstractText>Involvement of SVZ predicted worse OS in pGBM and it had some distinct clinical features in comparison with those that did not contact with SVZ. Multifocal tumor at diagnosis was related to a shorter PFS. We should make a further step to clarify its molecular features.</AbstractText>© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,025 | Diffusion-weighted image analysis along the perivascular space (DWI-ALPS) for evaluating interstitial fluid status: age dependence in normal subjects. | The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interstitial fluid status in a wide range of age groups using diffusion-weighted image analysis along the perivascular space (DWI-ALPS) method, which is a simplified variation of diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS).</AbstractText>This retrospective study included data from 128 patients who underwent clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, including DWI, and were found to have no abnormal findings in the brain on MRI. Three motion-probing gradients of the DWI were applied in an orthogonal direction to the imaging plane. Apparent diffusion coefficient images in the x-, y-, and z-axes were retrospectively generated, and composite color images were created to locate the projection and association fiber area on the slice including the body of the lateral ventricle. ALPS indices were calculated, and correlations with age were evaluated using linear and second-degree regression analysis. Linear regression analysis was also performed for a subgroup of patients older than 40 years. In addition, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) test among the generations was performed.</AbstractText>The linear regression analysis between age and the ALPS index showed a correlation coefficient of -0.20 for all age group and -0.51 for the subgroup older than 40 years. The second-degree regression analysis showed a correlation coefficient of 0.39. ANOVA showed that the 40's generation showed a statistically significant higher value of ALPS index compared to all other generations except for the 30's generation. While, the 70's generation showed a statistically significant lower value of the ALPS index compared to all other generations.</AbstractText>The analysis of the DWI-APLS method showed a correlation between age and the ALPS index in second-degree distribution which peaked in the 40's generation. This finding in normal subjects may be fundamental in the analysis of disease cases. We tried to evaluate the glymphatic system status in a wide range of age groups using diffusion-weighted image analysis along the perivascular space (DWI-ALPS) method, and the results showed a correlation between age and the ALPS index in second-degree distribution which peaked in the 40's generation.</AbstractText>© 2022. The Author(s).</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,026 | Role of Tissue Hydraulic Permeability in Convection-Enhanced Delivery of Nanoparticle-Encapsulated Chemotherapy Drugs to Brain Tumour. | Tissue hydraulic permeability of brain tumours can vary considerably depending on the tissue microstructure, compositions in interstitium and tumour cells. Its effects on drug transport and accumulation remain poorly understood.</AbstractText>Mathematical modelling is applied to predict the drug delivery outcomes in tumours with different tissue permeability upon convection-enhanced delivery. The modelling is based on a 3-D realistic tumour model that is extracted from patient magnetic resonance images.</AbstractText>Modelling results show that infusing drugs into a permeable tumour can facilitate a more favourable hydraulic environment for drug transport. The infused drugs will exhibit a relatively uniform distribution and cover a larger tumour volume for effective cell killing. Cross-comparisons show the delivery outcomes are more sensitive to the changes in tissue hydraulic permeability and blood pressure than the fluid flow from the brain ventricle. Quantitative analyses demonstrate that increasing the fluid gain from both the blood and brain ventricle can further improve the interstitial fluid flow, and thereby enhance the delivery outcomes. Furthermore, similar responses to the changes in tissue hydraulic permeability can be found for different types of drugs.</AbstractText>Tissue hydraulic permeability as an intrinsic property can influence drug accumulation and distribution. Results from this study can deepen the understanding of the interplays between drug and tissues that are involved in the drug delivery processes in chemotherapy.</AbstractText>© 2022. The Author(s).</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,027 | Basal Recess in Third Ventricle Tumors: A Pathological Feature Defining a Clinical-Topographical Subpopulation of Papillary Craniopharyngiomas. | This study investigates the presence of a hollow recess at the midline undersurface of tumors primarily localized within the third ventricle (3V). This structure was originally identified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 6 3V craniopharyngiomas (CPs) from our series and was then methodically scrutinized in autopsy studies (n = 1091) and MRI scans (n = 5558) of CPs and in 1251 3V tumors reported in the medical literature from 1839 to 2021. A recess at the tumor base was identified in 110 CPs, 95 with a verified papillary histology (papillary craniopharyngioma [PCP]) and 15 with typical gross appearance of PCP. Topographically, 90 tumors were strictly within the 3V (82%); 20 developed at the infundibulo-tuberal region of the 3V floor (18%). Morphologically, 2 main types of recess were identified: (i) a long, narrow recess with either a duct-like or a tubular shape that reached the central region of the CP (n = 47, 42.5%); and (ii) a short recess extending only a few millimeters into the lesion, either with a duct-like or a shallow cleft-like morphology (n = 63, 57.5%). Thus, the presence of a basal recess represents a pathological hallmark of a subpopulation of 3V PCPs. The presumed nature and diagnostic significance of this novel finding is comprehensively addressed. |
2,330,028 | The role of cilia for hydrocephalus formation. | Hydrocephalus is a common finding in newborns. In most cases, it is caused by intraventricular hemorrhage associated with prematurity, whereas in some patients the cause of hydrocephalus can be traced back to genetic changes, associated with disease syndromes such as RASopathies, lysosomal storage diseases, dystroglycanopathies, craniosynostosis but also ciliopathies. Ciliopathies are a group of diseases that can affect multiple organ systems due to dysfunction or the absence of cilia. Cilia are small organelles, extending from the cell surface. Nonmotile monocilia are ubiquitously present during cell development fulfilling chemosensory functions, whereas specialized epithelia such as the ependyma, lining the inner surface of the brain ventricles, exhibit multiciliated cells propelling fluids along the cell surface. This review highlights ciliopathies and their pathophysiology in congenital hydrocephalus. While nonmotile ciliopathies are often associated with severe prenatal hydrocephalus combined with other severe congenital brain malformations, motile ciliopathies, especially those associated with defects in multiciliogenesis can cause hydrocephalus and chronic lung disease. |
2,330,029 | Molecular chaperone heat shock protein 70 inhibitors suppress conditioned place preference induced by morphine exposure in male rats. | Previous studies have indicated a role for molecular chaperone heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in the development of behavioural sensitization to morphine in rodents, suggesting that Hsp70 expression following morphine exposure is involved in molecular changes that may underlie addiction vulnerability. The current study was carried out to investigate the role of Hsp70 in the positive reinforcing properties of morphine using conditioned place preference (CPP) in male rats. An unbiased CPP procedure of three phases (pre-conditioning: d1-d3; conditioning: d4-d6; and testing: d7) was used. During the conditioning phase, morphine injections (5 mg/kg, subcutaneously) were administered to induce significant place preference. To explore the effect of Hsp70 on the development and expression of morphine CPP, Hsp70 inhibitors (PES, KNK437 and methylene blue) were administered into the lateral ventricle prior to either morphine conditioning sessions or a morphine challenge on the test day. Furthermore, Hsp70 expression within the mesocorticolimbic system was measured after the treatment with KNK437, a transcriptional inhibitor. We found that PES and KNK437, respectively, injected intracerebroventricularly dose-dependently attenuated both the development and expression of morphine CPP. Methylene blue treatment demonstrated an attenuation of the development, but had no effect on the expression of morphine CPP. Following KNK437 treatment, Hsp70 expression was significantly inhibited in the shell of nucleus accumbens (NAc) during both the development and expression of morphine CPP. The findings suggest that Hsp70 in the NAc shell plays an important role in the reinforcing effects of morphine and may be involved in the development of morphine dependence. |
2,330,030 | Developmental neuroanatomy of the rosy bitterling Rhodeus ocellatus (Teleostei: Cypriniformes)-A microCT study. | Bitterlings are carp-like teleost fish (Cypriniformes: Acheilanathidae) known for their specialized brood parasitic lifestyle. Bitterling embryos, in fact, develop inside the gill chamber of their freshwater mussel hosts. However, little is known about how their parasitic lifestyle affects brain development in comparison to nonparasitic species. Here, we document the development of the brain of the rosy bitterling, Rhodeus ocellatus, at four embryonic stages of 165, 185, 210, 235 hours postfertilization (hpf) using micro-computed tomography (microCT). Focusing on developmental regionalization and brain ventricular organization, we relate the development of the brain divisions to those described for zebrafish using the prosomeric model as a reference paradigm. Segmentation and three-dimensional visualization of the ventricular system allowed us to identify changes in the longitudinal brain axis as a result of cephalic flexure during development. The results show that during early embryonic and larval development, histological differentiation, tissue boundaries, periventricular proliferation zones, and ventricular spaces are all detectable by microCT. The results of this study visualized with differential CT profiles are broadly consistent with comparable histological studies, and with the genoarchitecture of teleosts like the zebrafish. Compared to the zebrafish, our study identifies distinct developmental heterochronies in the rosy bitterling, such as a precocious development of the inferior lobe. |
2,330,031 | A case of gastrointestinal stromal tumor metastasized to the left ventricular myocardium. | Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), which are the most common soft tissue tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, originate from Cajal interneurons. The main metastatic sites of GISTs are the liver and intra-abdominal cavity, and metastasis to the heart is rare.</AbstractText>The patient was a 78-year-old man who was diagnosed with a rectal GIST 20 years previously. Since then, he had undergone repeated operations for metastasis. A follow-up thoracoabdominal computed tomography scan 4 months prior to the operation revealed GIST metastasis to the left ventricular myocardium. The patient wanted the tumor removed and consequently underwent an operation. The surgical findings showed a 3-cm × 3-cm mass in the lateral wall of the left ventricle. The mass was resected from the left ventricular wall in the shape of a tear drop. The left ventricular cavity was closed with a 4-0 polypropylene mattress suture and continuous suture. Postoperative histopathological findings showed nodular tumor growth consisting of bundles of spindle-shaped cells in the myocardium. The margins were negative. Immunostaining showed c-KIT (CD17) positivity and CD34 positivity, consistent with GIST metastasis.</AbstractText>This case involved GIST metastasis to the heart muscle, which has rarely been reported worldwide.</AbstractText>© 2022. The Author(s).</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,032 | Periventricular hypodensity is associated with the incidence of pre-shunt seizure in hydrocephalic children. | The seizure incidence in hydrocephalic children has been acknowledged in a lot of studies previously; nonetheless, seizure pathogenesis in these children remains unclear. Its high proportion of hydrocephalic children who underwent shunt surgery suggests that the seizure might be associated with the protocol of shunt placement and/or the shunt existence intracranially; however, this hypothesis could not explain the pre-shunt seizure incidence in hydrocephalic children.</AbstractText>This study aims to evaluate the patients' characteristics and CT findings in pre-shunt hydrocephalic children to identify the possible seizure etiology in these patients.</AbstractText>Three hundred and thirty-four children with hydrocephalus were included in this study, including 147 hydrocephalic children with the pre-shunt seizure history and 187 hydrocephalic children presented without the pre-shunt seizure history. The following information was retrieved from the patients' medical records: gender, age, pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale (pGCS) upon admission, and hydrocephalus diagnoses. CT findings were re-evaluated to assess the compression association of sulci and gyri, Sylvian fissures, cisterns, FH/ID ratio, Evan's ratio, and periventricular hypodensity with pre-shunt seizure.</AbstractText>The results show that the pre-shunt seizure incidence is significantly higher in hydrocephalic children aged 1 to 5 years old (63/113 (55%), p = 0.0001), diagnosed with communicating hydrocephalus (97/163 (59%), p = 0.0001) or infectious hydrocephalus (80/109 (73%), p = 0.0001). The presence of periventricular hypodensity is significantly associated with the pre-shunt seizure incidence (132/205 (64.3%), p = 0.0001). Results from univariate analyses suggest significant association between periventricular hypodensity in every location and pre-shunt seizure (p < 0.0001). Multivariate analyses identify that temporal horn in the right lateral ventricle as the location of periventricular hypodensity has the strongest association with the pre-shunt seizure.</AbstractText>The presence of periventricular hypodensity in head CT scan is significantly associated with the pre-shunt seizure incidence. Further investigation to confirm this finding and evaluate the possible roles of inflammation in the pre-shunt seizure in hydrocephalic children is important to seek its possible implication on the treatment of pre-shunt seizure in these children.</AbstractText>© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,033 | Acoustic energy and cardiac electrophysiology: Ultrasonic cardiac pacing and novel shockwave ablation catheters. | Sonic shockwaves (SSW) can cause cardiac pacing. This observation first came to notice with the early urologic lithotripters and later with the cumulative use of shockwaves to treat calcified coronary lesions. There have been multiple observations of cardiac pacing and tachyarrhythmias occurring during SSW delivery using the Shockwave Intravascular Lithotripsy system. The underlying mechanism of cardiac cell depolarization by SSW is still under debate. At the end of the last decade, we are witnessing this technology in electrophysiology with the WiSE-CRT system that uses sonic waves to synchronize the ventricles and novel shockwave ablation catheters that can treat tachyarrhythmia foci with minor collateral damage. |
2,330,034 | Development of a Navigation-guided Fence-post Catheter for Brain Tumor Resection. | Navigation system devices have been developed to allow precise resection of brain tumor. The fence-post catheter techniques that use a navigation system have been used in many neurosurgery centers. However, an exclusive catheter for the fence-post catheter techniques have not been made, and substituted silicon tube of the cerebral ventricle drainage or a Nelaton catheter is widely used.</AbstractText>In this brief technical note, we describe a new fence-post catheter with steel tip device that was designed for more precise tissue resection and is useful in tumor resection.</AbstractText>The newly designed fence-post catheter helps to visually gauge the accurate depth from the tumor bottom during tumor resection. Furthermore, the catheter tip has moderate weight and is made of a non-magnetic material.</AbstractText>Using our fence-post catheter, which has a metal part at the tip of the tube (length, 13 mm), operators can clearly notice that they are getting closer to base of the tumor by checking the metal part during the resection of deep tumors.</AbstractText>Our newly developed fence-post tube enables easy confirmation of the distance to deep-tissue regions and improves the degree of safety during tumor removal. J. Med. Invest. 69 : 117-119, February, 2022.</AbstractText> |
2,330,035 | Risk Factors for Early Hydrocephalus on Post Unilateral Thalamic Tumor Resection. | The outcome of surgical treatment for thalamic tumors is poor. Hydrocephalus is one of the most frequent postoperative complications after unilateral thalamic tumor resection. This study examined the relationship between surgical approaches, pathological grade, image characteristics, preoperative complications, extent of resection, and incidence of postoperative hydrocephalus.</AbstractText>The study retrospectively reviewed clinical data from 80 patients who underwent resection of thalamic tumors between 2015 and 2021. Data on patient survival and disease progression status were obtained retrospectively to calculate overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS).</AbstractText>No patients died during the perioperative period and two patients suffered postoperative coma. Tumors were totally resected in 44 cases (55 %), subtotally resected in 21 cases (26.25 %), and partially resected in 15 cases (18.75 %). Thirty-five cases of hydrocephalus occurred within 1 month after operation(43.75%). Surgical approaches associated with hydrocephalus were as follows: hydrocephalus occurred in seven cases after trans-frontal lateral ventricle approach for tumor resection (62.9%), in 17 cases after through parieto-occipital transventricular approach tumor resection (43.58%), and in one case after trans-frontal lateral ventricle approach for tumor resection + third ventriculostomy (7.1%). Postoperative muscle strength decrease occurred in 41 patients (51.25%). Longer PFS and OS were correlated with degree of resection in patients with thalamic glioblastoma (P</i> < 0.05) and had no relationship with hydrocephalus.</AbstractText>Surgical treatment of thalamic tumors is an effective therapeutic method. The incidence of postoperative hydrocephalus is not associated with tumor size, degree of tumor enhancement, peritumoral edema, tumor invasion, midline crossing, and pathological grade. The incidence of postoperative hydrocephalus was higher in patients with preoperative hydrocephalus and low resection degree, and lower in patients with endoscopic third ventriculostomy. The risk of early postoperative hydrocephalus in thalamic tumors is high. Intraoperative third ventriculostomy could reduce the incidence of early postoperative hydrocephalus. PFS and OS were longer in patients with thalamic glioblastoma with a high resection degree (P</i> < 0.05) and were not associated with hydrocephalus.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2022 Zhang, Wang and Zeng.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,036 | An Adult With Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome: A Case Report. | Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome (DDMS) is a rare disease affecting the brain with almost 100 cases previously reported, with only 21 cases among adults. Due to the intricacy of clinical manifestations and radiological findings, it is difficult to reach the diagnosis. It usually includes atrophy of the cerebral hemisphere, dilation of the lateral ventricle, hypertrophy of skull bones, and hyperpneumatization of air sinuses. Herein, we present a case of a 55-year-old female patient who presented with a new-onset seizure. This case emphasizes the importance of considering DDMS in the differential diagnosis of adult-onset seizures, especially in patients with a previous history of brain insult, and demonstrates the possibility of developing this condition despite the lack of childhood symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in Jordan. |
2,330,037 | Lateral Ventricle Solitary Fibrous Tumor: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. | Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare tumors thought to be of mesenchymal origin. Even though intracranial, especially intraventricular, SFTs are rare, this diagnosis should be considered in the differential for intraventricular lesions. Here, report the case of a female in her 60s who underwent a non-contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging scan of the brain for new-onset memory issues and headache which revealed a well-circumscribed intraventricular lesion in the right lateral ventricle with vasogenic edema, trapping of the temporal horn, and subfalcine herniation. She was admitted and started on dexamethasone prior to surgical treatment of the tumor. A right-sided superior parietal lobule approach was utilized to reach and resect the lesion. Histopathology was consistent with World Health Organization grade I SFT. Only 10 other cases of lateral ventricular SFTs have been reported in the literature. Intraventricular SFT is a rare diagnosis, and, as such, the literature on this topic mostly consists of case reports. Although the lesion is benign, metastases have been reported, and thus, gross total resection remains the standard of care. This case adds to the paucity of SFTs reported in the literature. |
2,330,038 | Case Report: Mucolipidosis II and III Alpha/Beta Caused by Pathogenic Variants in the <i>GNPTAB</i> Gene (Mucolipidosis). | This study aimed to improve the cognition of mucolipidosis (ML) II and III alpha/beta by analyzing the clinical manifestations of two patients.</AbstractText>The clinical, biochemical, and molecular data of two clinical cases associated with ML II and III alpha/beta were analyzed and compared with other case reports of ML II and III alpha/beta.</AbstractText>The first patient was a 14-month-old girl who was hospitalized because of abnormal postnatal coarse facial features. The child had no abnormal birth history, but developed multiple abnormalities such as psychomotor retardation, abnormal facial features, bilateral limb muscle hypotonia, and genital abnormalities. The X-ray of the spine revealed multiple bone malformations. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed delayed myelination. Genetic testing showed the presence of two compound heterozygous pathogenic variants (c.1364C>T and c.1284+1G>T) in the GNPTAB</i> gene. The second patient was an 18-month-old boy who was hospitalized for recurrent respiratory tract infections. The patient was a high-risk preterm infant with postnatal psychomotor retardation, language development retardation, intellectual disability, and coarse facial features. X-ray showed multiple bone malformations. Craniocerebral ultrasound showed bilateral ventricle widening. Genetic testing showed the presence of two compound heterozygous pathogenic variants (c.1284+1G>T and c.483delT) in the same gene.</AbstractText>ML II and III alpha/beta are rare autosomal-recessive lysosomal storage diseases that are attributed to GNPTAB</i> variants that cause N</i>-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase deficiency, finally leading to multiple clinical signs and symptoms. A proper ML II and/or III alpha/beta diagnosis requires a combined analysis of a patient's clinical manifestations, imaging examination, enzymatic analysis, and genetic testing results. Ultimately, genetic counseling is essential for this disease.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2022 Mao, Zu, Dai and Zou.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,039 | The Potential of Metabolism-Related Gene OGDHL as a Biomarker for Myocardial Remodeling in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. | The development of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is accompanied by a series of metabolic disorders, resulting in myocardial remodeling or exacerbation, while the mechanism remains not completely clear. This study was to find out the key metabolism-related genes involved in the onset of DCM, providing new insight into the pathogenesis of this disease. The datasets of GSE57338, GSE116250, and GSE5406 associated with hearts of patients with DCM were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. GSE57338 was analyzed to screen out metabolism-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs), while GSE116250 and GSE5406 were utilized to verify the optimal genes through R software. Support vector machine recursive feature elimination algorithm and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm were used to determine key genes. Finally, 6 of 39 metabolism-related DEGs were screened out and identified as the optimal genes. After quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validation performed on the samples drawn from the left ventricles of human hearts, it showed that only the expression of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase-like (OGDHL) increased while PLA2G2 decreased significantly in patients with DCM compared with non-failing donors, respectively. Furthermore, the higher OGDHL protein expression, except the change of PLA2G2, was also found in DCM hearts, and its mRNA expression was negatively correlated with myocardial Masson's scores (<i>r</i> = -0.84, <i>P</i> = 0.009) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd; <i>r</i> = -0.82, <i>P</i> = 0.014), which might be regulated by miR-3925-5p through further bioinformatics prediction and qRT-PCR verification. The data then suggested that the metabolism-related gene OGDHL was associated with myocardial fibrosis of DCM and probably a biomarker for myocardial remodeling in patients with DCM. |
2,330,040 | Methodological Quality of Fetal Brain Structure Charts for Screening Examination and Targeted Neurosonography: A Systematic Review. | Several fetal brain charts have been published in the literature and are commonly used in the daily clinical practice. However, the methodological quality of these charts has not been critically appraised.</AbstractText>MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Web of Science databases were searched electronically up to December 31, 2020. The primary outcome was to evaluate the methodology of the studies assessing the growth of fetal brain structures throughout gestation. A list of 28 methodological quality criteria divided into three domains according to "study design," "statistical and reporting methods," and "specific relevant neurosonography aspects" was developed in order to assess the methodological appropriateness of the included studies. The overall quality score was defined as the sum of low risk of bias marks, with the range of possible scores being 0-28. This quality assessment was applied to each individual study reporting reference ranges for fetal brain structures. Furthermore, we performed a subgroup analysis according to the different brain structures (ventricular and periventricular, fore-brain and midbrain cerebral and posterior fossa).</AbstractText>Sixty studies were included in the systematic review. The overall mean quality score of the studies included in this review was 51.3%. When focusing on each of the assessed domains, the mean quality score was 53.7% for "study design," 54.2% for "statistical and reporting methods," and 38.6% for "specific relevant neurosonography aspects." The sample size calculation, the correlation with a postnatal imaging evaluation, and the whole fetal brain assessment were the items at the highest risk of bias for each domain assessed, respectively. The subgroup analysis according to different anatomical location showed the lowest quality score for ventricular and periventricular structures and the highest for cortical structures.</AbstractText>Most previously published studies reporting fetal brain charts suffer from poor methodology and are at high risk of biases, mostly when focusing on neurosonography issues. Further prospective longitudinal studies aiming at constructing specific growth charts for fetal brain structures should follow rigorous methodology to minimize the risk of biases, guarantee higher levels of reproducibility, and improve the standard of care.</AbstractText>© 2022 S. Karger AG, Basel.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,041 | CX3CL1 inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome-induced microglial pyroptosis and improves neuronal function in mice with experimentally-induced ischemic stroke. | Stroke represents the second cause of mortality across the globe and develops following the interruption of cerebral blood circulation. The chemokine CX3CL1 and its receptor CX3CR1 play a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of CX3CL1 against cerebral ischemia both in vitro and in vivo.</AbstractText>We employed an in vivo mice model of middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)/reperfusion and in vitro BV2 cells model of oxygen-glucose deprivation/re‑oxygenation (OGD/R). Exogenous recombinant CX3CL1 (rCX3CL1) was administered into the lateral ventricle 1, 3 and 5 day(s) after reperfusion or in cell supernatant following OGD/R. Immunostaining, immunoblotting, and ELISA were performed to assess the NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, neurological deficits and infarct volume in mice were evaluated after MCAO.</AbstractText>The expression of CX3CL1 was downregulated after MCAO. Exogenous rCX3CL1 significantly reduced neurological deficits and infarct lesion in mice after MCAO. Moreover, exogenous rCX3CL1 inhibited GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis in microglia. Those effects further diminished NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling activation, and also inhibited IL-1β and IL-18 expression both in vitro and in vivo.</AbstractText>These results demonstrated that exogenous rCX3CL1 administration after the ischemic insult exerted a long-term neuroprotective effect on post-ischemic stroke. And exogenous rCX3CL1 could inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome-induced microglial pyroptosis under ischemic conditions. Collectively, our findings showed that CX3CL1 signaling pathway can serve as a therapeutic target for promoting the functional recovery after stroke.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,042 | New insights into the management of post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus. | During the last decade, an increasing number of studies have been conducted to improve the outcome of post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH), a complication of severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm infants. Two randomized controlled trials have shown that treatment should be initiated prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. Ventricular access devices and subgaleal shunts are used as temporary neurosurgical interventions whereas ventriculoperitoneal shunts are performed for infants with progressive hydrocephalus. Recently, techniques such as neuro-endoscopic lavage have also been introduced to eliminate toxic blood products and debris from the cerebral ventricles and have shown promise in early clinical studies. The objective of this review is to provide an update on management of PHVD and PHH in the preterm infant. |
2,330,043 | Ventricular-Arterial Uncoupling and Hypertension Mediated Diastolic Dysfunction.<Pagination><StartPage>361</StartPage><EndPage>366</EndPage><MedlinePgn>361-366</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1007/s40292-022-00521-w</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="INTRODUCTION" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">The increase in the pulsatile component of left ventricle afterload is suspected to cause a mismatch between the left ventricle (LV) and the vascular tree.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="AIM" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">To demonstrate that ventricular-arterial uncoupling is frequently present in the development of LV hypertrophy (H) and diastolic dysfunction (DD) in hypertension (HBP).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Observational study, HBP patients with ejection fraction > 54%. Conventional 2D echocardiography and tissue Doppler performed following imaging guidelines. LV end systolic elastance (Ees), the effective arterial elastance (Ea), and ventricular-arterial coupling (VAC) measured by Chen single beat method.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">288 patients, mean age 56.3 ± 12.5 years and 168 patients (58.3%) males. Mean LV mass index was 87.2 ± 20.4 grs/m<sup>2</sup> and frequency of LVH 20.1% (58 patients). The mean VAC was 0.54 ± 9.23. LV Stroke volume, stroke work and systolic stress were 46.2 ± 10.3 cc/m<sup>2</sup>, 91.4 ± 22.2 g-min/m<sup>2</sup>, and 57 ± 14.6 dynes/cm<sup>2</sup> in quartile 1, and 33.5 ± 6.6 cc/m<sup>2</sup>, 65.5 ± 15.2 g-min/m<sup>2</sup>, and 77.8 ± 17.1 dynes/cm<sup>2</sup>, in quartile 4, respectively (p < 0.001). Peripheral resistance index was 3349 ± 1072 and 4410 ± 1143 dynes*s/cm-5/m<sup>2</sup> quartiles 1 vs. 4 (p < 0.005). The frequency of LVH was 31.9% in quartile 1 and 11.3% in quartile 4 (p < 0.005) and LVH or DD was 37.5% and 12.7%, respectively (p < 0.001).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Stroke volume and stroke work were significantly increased while systolic stress and peripheral resistance index were significantly reduced in patients with worst VAC. Ventricular-arterial uncoupling is mostly caused by an increase in Ees rather than by an elevation of Ea. LVH or DD are more frequent in the worst cases of ventricular-arterial uncoupling.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2022. Italian Society of Hypertension.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Piskorz</LastName><ForeName>Daniel</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-8615-5446</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cardiology Institute of the Rosario British Sanatorium, Jujuy 1540, floor 5th, 2000, Rosario, Argentina. danielpiskorz@ciudad.com.ar.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Keller</LastName><ForeName>Luis</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cardiology Institute of the Rosario British Sanatorium, Jujuy 1540, floor 5th, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Citta</LastName><ForeName>Luciano</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cardiology Institute of the Rosario British Sanatorium, Jujuy 1540, floor 5th, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mata</LastName><ForeName>Lucrecia</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cardiology Institute of the Rosario British Sanatorium, Jujuy 1540, floor 5th, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Citta</LastName><ForeName>Norberto</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cardiology Institute of the Rosario British Sanatorium, Jujuy 1540, floor 5th, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bongarzoni</LastName><ForeName>Laureano</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cardiology Institute of the Rosario British Sanatorium, Jujuy 1540, floor 5th, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Citta</LastName><ForeName>Paula</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cardiology Institute of the Rosario British Sanatorium, Jujuy 1540, floor 5th, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D064888">Observational Study</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2022</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>23</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>New Zealand</Country><MedlineTA>High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9421087</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1120-9879</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006352" MajorTopicYN="Y">Heart Ventricles</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006973" MajorTopicYN="Y">Hypertension</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017379" MajorTopicYN="N">Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="N">etiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013318" MajorTopicYN="N">Stroke Volume</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016277" MajorTopicYN="N">Ventricular Function, Left</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Diastolic dysfunction</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Hypertension</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Left ventricle hypertrophy</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Ventricular-arterial uncoupling</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2022</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>31</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2022</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>16</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2022</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>24</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2022</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>12</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2022</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>23</Day><Hour>12</Hour><Minute>4</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">35460512</ArticleId><ArticleId 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Hypertension 2001;38:417–25.</Citation></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">35460502</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2022</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>23</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1572-8595</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><PubDate><Year>2022</Year><Month>Apr</Month><Day>23</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Interv Card Electrophysiol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal>Impact of right ventricular pacing site on the subcutaneous ICD sensing-a step towards personalised device therapy? | The increase in the pulsatile component of left ventricle afterload is suspected to cause a mismatch between the left ventricle (LV) and the vascular tree.</AbstractText>To demonstrate that ventricular-arterial uncoupling is frequently present in the development of LV hypertrophy (H) and diastolic dysfunction (DD) in hypertension (HBP).</AbstractText>Observational study, HBP patients with ejection fraction > 54%. Conventional 2D echocardiography and tissue Doppler performed following imaging guidelines. LV end systolic elastance (Ees), the effective arterial elastance (Ea), and ventricular-arterial coupling (VAC) measured by Chen single beat method.</AbstractText>288 patients, mean age 56.3 ± 12.5 years and 168 patients (58.3%) males. Mean LV mass index was 87.2 ± 20.4 grs/m2</sup> and frequency of LVH 20.1% (58 patients). The mean VAC was 0.54 ± 9.23. LV Stroke volume, stroke work and systolic stress were 46.2 ± 10.3 cc/m2</sup>, 91.4 ± 22.2 g-min/m2</sup>, and 57 ± 14.6 dynes/cm2</sup> in quartile 1, and 33.5 ± 6.6 cc/m2</sup>, 65.5 ± 15.2 g-min/m2</sup>, and 77.8 ± 17.1 dynes/cm2</sup>, in quartile 4, respectively (p < 0.001). Peripheral resistance index was 3349 ± 1072 and 4410 ± 1143 dynes*s/cm-5/m2</sup> quartiles 1 vs. 4 (p < 0.005). The frequency of LVH was 31.9% in quartile 1 and 11.3% in quartile 4 (p < 0.005) and LVH or DD was 37.5% and 12.7%, respectively (p < 0.001).</AbstractText>Stroke volume and stroke work were significantly increased while systolic stress and peripheral resistance index were significantly reduced in patients with worst VAC. Ventricular-arterial uncoupling is mostly caused by an increase in Ees rather than by an elevation of Ea. LVH or DD are more frequent in the worst cases of ventricular-arterial uncoupling.</AbstractText>© 2022. Italian Society of Hypertension.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,044 | Thrombin Preconditioning Improves the Therapeutic Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Severe Intraventricular Hemorrhage Induced Neonatal Rats. | Severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) remains a major cause of high mortality and morbidity in extremely preterm infants. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a possible therapeutic option, and development of therapeutics with enhanced efficacy is necessary. This study investigated whether thrombin preconditioning improves the therapeutic efficacy of human Wharton's jelly-derived MSC transplantation for severe neonatal IVH, using a rat model. Severe neonatal IVH was induced by injecting 150 μL blood into each lateral ventricle on postnatal day (P) 4 in Sprague-Dawley rats. After 2 days (P6), naïve MSCs or thrombin-preconditioned MSCs (1 × 10<sup>5</sup>/10 μL) were transplanted intraventricularly. After behavioral tests, brain tissues and cerebrospinal fluid of P35 rats were obtained for histological and biochemical analyses, respectively. Thrombin-preconditioned MSC transplantation significantly reduced IVH-induced ventricular dilatation on in vivo magnetic resonance imaging, which was coincident with attenuations of reactive gliosis, cell death, and the number of activated microglia and levels of inflammatory cytokines after IVH induction, compared to naïve MSC transplantation. In the behavioral tests, the sensorimotor and memory functions significantly improved after transplantation of thrombin-preconditioned MSCs, compared to naïve MSCs. Overall, thrombin preconditioning significantly improves the therapeutic potential and more effectively attenuates brain injury, including progressive ventricular dilatation, gliosis, cell death, inflammation, and neurobehavioral functional impairment, in newborn rats with induced severe IVH than does naïve MSC transplantation. |
2,330,045 | Significant Therapeutic Effects of Adult Human Neural Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury Are Mediated by Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1). | The limited capability of regeneration in the human central nervous system leads to severe and permanent disabilities following spinal cord injury (SCI) while patients suffer from no viable treatment option. Adult human neural stem cells (ahNSCs) are unique cells derived from the adult human brain, which have the essential characteristics of NSCs. The objective of this study was to characterize the therapeutic effects of ahNSCs isolated from the temporal lobes of focal cortical dysplasia type IIIa for SCI and to elucidate their treatment mechanisms. Results showed that the recovery of motor functions was significantly improved in groups transplanted with ahNSCs, where, in damaged regions of spinal cords, the numbers of both spread and regenerated nerve fibers were observed to be higher than the vehicle group. In addition, the distance between neuronal nuclei in damaged spinal cord tissue was significantly closer in treatment groups than the vehicle group. Based on an immunohistochemistry analysis, those neuroprotective effects of ahNSCs in SCI were found to be mediated by inhibiting apoptosis of spinal cord neurons. Moreover, the analysis of the conditioned medium (CM) of ahNSCs revealed that such neuroprotective effects were mediated by paracrine effects with various types of cytokines released from ahNSCs, where monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, also known as CCL2) was identified as a key paracrine mediator. These results of ahNSCs could be utilized further in the preclinical and clinical development of effective and safe cell therapeutics for SCI, with no available therapeutic options at present. |
2,330,046 | Biventricular Myocardial Strain Analysis in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Tissue-Tracking Technology. | To evaluate both left and right ventricular (LV and RV) function in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) using cardiac magnetic resonance tissue-tracking (CMR-TT) technology and explore its clinical value. Methods: A total of 79 participants (including 47 patients with PAH and 32 healthy controls) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) with a short-axis balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequence. The biventricular cardiac function parameters and strain parameters were obtained by postprocessing with CVI42 software. A comparative analysis was performed between the LV and RV strain parameters in all PAH patients and in PAH patients with reduced or preserved cardiac function. Results: The results showed preferable repeatability of CMR-TT in analyzing the global radial strain (GRS), circumferential strain (GCS), and longitudinal strain (GLS) of the left and right ventricles in the PAH group. The GRS, GCS, and GLS of the left and right ventricles except for LV GRS (LVGRS) of PAH patients were significantly lower than those of healthy controls (p < 0.05 for all). The GRS and GCS of the left and right ventricles showed a moderate correlation in the PAH group (r = 0.323, p = 0.02; r = 0.301, p = 0.04, respectively). PAH patients with preserved RV function (n = 9) showed significantly decreased global and segmental RS, CS, and LS of the right ventricles than healthy controls (p < 0.05 for all), except for basal RVGCS (RVGCS-b, p = 0.996). Only the LVGLS was significantly different between the PAH patients with preserved LV function (n = 32) and the healthy controls (−14.23 ± 3.01% vs. −16.79 ± 2.86%, p < 0.01). Conclusions: As a nonradioactive and noninvasive technique, CMR-TT has preferable feasibility and repeatability in quantitatively evaluating LV and RV strain parameters in PAH patients and can be used to effectively detect early biventricular myocardial damage in patients with PAH. |
2,330,047 | Incomplete Recovery of Zebrafish Retina Following Cryoinjury. | Zebrafish show an extraordinary potential for regeneration in several organs from fins to central nervous system. Most impressively, the outcome of an injury results in a near perfect regeneration and a full functional recovery. Indeed, among the various injury paradigms previously tested in the field of zebrafish retina regeneration, a perfect layered structure is observed after one month of recovery in most of the reported cases. In this study, we applied cryoinjury to the zebrafish eye. We show that retina exposed to this treatment for one second undergoes an acute damage affecting all retinal cell types, followed by a phase of limited tissue remodeling and regrowth. Surprisingly, zebrafish developed a persistent retinal dysplasia observable through 300 days post-injury. There is no indication of fibrosis during the regeneration period, contrary to the regeneration process after cryoinjury to the zebrafish cardiac ventricle. RNA sequencing analysis of injured retinas at different time points has uncovered enriched processes and a number of potential candidate genes. By means of this simple, time and cost-effective technique, we propose a zebrafish injury model that displays a unique inability to completely recover following focal retinal damage; an outcome that is unreported to our knowledge. Furthermore, RNA sequencing proved to be useful in identifying pathways, which may play a crucial role not only in the regeneration of the retina, but in the first initial step of regeneration, degeneration. We propose that this model may prove useful in comparative and translational studies to examine critical pathways for successful regeneration. |
2,330,048 | Supratentorial Pediatric Midline Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions: Clinical Spectrum, Natural History and Treatment Options. | Childhood Central Nervous System tumors account for 25% of all pediatric tumors. Large availability and broadening of indications to imaging has made incidental findings more common. Among these, midline lesions have different clinical relevance depending on their intrinsic pattern of behaviour and on their specific location. In this narrative review we describe the natural history and treatment options of midline lesions in children. |
2,330,049 | Cellular Distribution of Brain Aquaporins and Their Contribution to Cerebrospinal Fluid Homeostasis and Hydrocephalus. | Brain aquaporins facilitate the movement of water between the four water compartments: blood, cerebrospinal fluid, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid. This work analyzes the expression of the four most abundant aquaporins (AQPs) (AQP1, AQP4, AQP9, and AQP11) in the brains of mice and discuss their contribution to hydrocephalus. We analyzed available data from single-cell RNA sequencing of the central nervous system of mice to describe the expression of aquaporins and compare their distribution with that based on qPCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry assays. Expression of AQP1 in the apical cell membrane of choroid plexus epithelial cells and of AQP4 in ependymal cells, glia limitans, and astrocyte processes in the pericapillary end foot is consistent with the involvement of both proteins in cerebrospinal fluid homeostasis. The expression of both aquaporins compensates for experimentally induced hydrocephalus in the animals. Recent data demonstrate that hypoxia in aged animals alters AQP4 expression in the choroidal plexus and cortex, increasing the ventricle size and intraventricular pressure. Cerebral distensibility is reduced in parallel with a reduction in cerebrospinal fluid drainage and cognitive deterioration. We propose that aged mice chronically exposed to hypoxia represent an excellent experimental model for studying the pathophysiological characteristics of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and roles for AQPs in such disease. |
2,330,050 | Towards imaging criteria that best differentiate MS from NMOSD and MOGAD: Large multi-ethnic population and different clinical scenarios. | The "1/3″ brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) criteria including 1) a lesion adjacent to the lateral ventricle and in the inferior temporal lobe, or 2) a juxtacortical lesion, or 3) a Dawson finger-type lesion were shown to distinguish multiple sclerosis (MS) from antibody-mediated conditions. In this large multicentre study, we aimed to assess how the criteria perform 1) in different onset phenotypes, 2) distinct ethnic groups, 3) when the absence of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab)-associated disease (MOGAD)-typical fluffy infratentorial (FIT) lesions and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) lesions are added as features ("2/4″ and 3/5″ criteria, respectively).</AbstractText>577 patients with MS (n = 332), aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-Ab) neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) (n = 196) and MOGAD (n = 49) were recruited from 6 international centres (Buenos Aires, Sao Paolo, Maracaibo, Goyang, Oxford and Milan). Imaging scans were obtained at disease onset or relapse.</AbstractText>Adding the absence of FIT lesions increased the specificity of the "1/3″ criteria vs. AQP4-Ab NMOSD from 84.7% to 87.2% and vs. MOGAD from 85.7% to 93.9% without compromising their sensitivity (86%). In particular, for those presenting with brain/brainstem attacks "2/4″ had significantly higher specificity than "1/3″ (85% vs. 80% against AQP4-Ab NMOSD, 88.9% vs. 72.2% against MOGAD). Positive predictive values of the "1/3″ criteria for MS were lowest for Asian patients (84.8 vs. 99.1% for White) but were significantly increased by adding further criteria (94.1% for "3/5″).</AbstractText>The "1/3″ criteria perform well in discriminating MS from NMOSD and MOGAD regardless of ethnic background and clinical scenario. Adding the absence of FIT lesions increases the specificity in those presenting with brain/brainstem symptoms.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,051 | Single-nucleus RNA sequencing identified cells with ependymal cell-like features enriched in neonatal mice after spinal cord injury. | The adult mammalian central nervous system has limited regenerative ability, and spinal cord injury (SCI) often causes lifelong motor disability. While regeneration is limited in adults, injured spinal cord tissue can be regenerated and neural function can be almost completely restored in neonates. However, difference of cellular composition in lesion has not been well characterized. To gain insight into the age-dependent cellular reaction after SCI, we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing, analyzing 4076 nuclei from sham and injured spinal cords from adult and neonatal mice. Clustering analysis identified 18 cell populations. We identified previously undescribed cells with ependymal cell-like gene expression profile, the number of which was increased in neonates after SCI. Histological analysis revealed that these cells line the central canal under physiological conditions in both adults and neonates. We confirmed that they were enriched in the lesion only in neonates. We further showed that these cells were positive for the cellular markers of ependymal cells, astrocytes and radial glial cells. This study provides a deeper understanding of neonate-specific cellular responses after SCI, which may determine regenerative capacity. |
2,330,052 | Pathogenesis and prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage. | Despite improvements in the mortality rates of preterm infants, rates of germinal matrix intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) have remained static with an overall incidence of 25% in infants less than 32 weeks. The importance of the lesion relates primarily to the underlying injury to the developing brain and the associated long-term neurodevelopmental consequences. This clinical-orientated review focuses on the pathogenesis of IVH and discusses the evidence behind proposed prevention strategies. |
2,330,053 | Assessing the Role of Ependymal and Vascular Cells as Sources of Extracellular Cues Regulating the Mouse Ventricular-Subventricular Zone Neurogenic Niche. | Neurogenesis persists in selected regions of the adult mouse brain; among them, the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) of the lateral ventricles represents a major experimental paradigm due to its conspicuous neurogenic output. Postnatal V-SVZ neurogenesis is maintained by a resident population of neural stem cells (NSCs). Although V-SVZ NSCs are largely quiescent, they can be activated to enter the cell cycle, self-renew and generate progeny that gives rise to olfactory bulb interneurons. These adult-born neurons integrate into existing circuits to modify cognitive functions in response to external stimuli, but cells shed by V-SVZ NSCs can also reach injured brain regions, suggesting a latent regenerative potential. The V-SVZ is endowed with a specialized microenvironment, which is essential to maintain the proliferative and neurogenic potential of NSCs, and to preserve the NSC pool from exhaustion by finely tuning their quiescent and active states. Intercellular communication is paramount to the stem cell niche properties of the V-SVZ, and several extracellular signals acting in the niche milieu have been identified. An important part of these signals comes from non-neural cell types, such as local vascular cells, ependymal and glial cells. Understanding the crosstalk between NSCs and other niche components may aid therapeutic approaches for neuropathological conditions, since neurodevelopmental disorders, age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases have been associated with dysfunctional neurogenic niches. Here, we review recent advances in the study of the complex interactions between V-SVZ NSCs and their cellular niche. We focus on the extracellular cues produced by ependymal and vascular cells that regulate NSC behavior in the mouse postnatal V-SVZ, and discuss the potential implication of these molecular signals in pathological conditions. |
2,330,054 | A Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Aerobic Exercise Training in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (the Saturday Study): Protocol for a Prospective, Randomized, and Controlled Trial. | Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have reduced exercise capacity and poor quality of life. Exercise-based rehabilitation in PAH results in clinically relevant improvements in exercise capacity and hemodynamics. To clarify the mechanism, we will evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise training rehabilitation on right ventricular (RV) remodeling and function as determined measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR).</AbstractText>We will conduct a 26-week multicenter randomized controlled trial. Patients on stable and unchanged PAH-targeted medication are randomly assigned (1:1) to the control and training groups. The primary endpoint is the RV stroke volume (RVSV) change from baseline to Week 26, determined by CMR. Comprehensive RV function is also performed using CMR. Other characteristics of the RV and left ventricle, World Health Organization functional class, 6-min walk distance, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide are included in secondary endpoints. We also investigate the proteomic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic changes after exercise training as exploratory endpoints.</AbstractText>The study and protocol were approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital (Approved No. of ethics committee: L20-17). The results will be disseminated at medical conferences and in journal publications. All participants will sign written informed consent.</AbstractText>ChiCTR2000031650.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2022 Jiang, Wang, Yuan, Zhao, Gong, He, Qiu, Luo, Zhang, Shen, Zhan, Jiang, Chen, Liu and Shen.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,055 | Management of severe intraoperative hemorrhage during intraventricular neuroendoscopic procedures: the dry field technique. | Neuroendoscopic procedures inside the ventricular system always bear the risk for an unexpected intraoperative hemorrhage with potentially devastating consequences. The authors present here their experience, and a stage-to-stage guide for the endoscopic management of intraoperative hemorrhages.</AbstractText>A step-by-step guide for the management to gain control of and stop the bleeding is described including a grading system. More advanced techniques are presented in cases examples.</AbstractText>Most of intraoperative hemorrhages can be controlled by constant irrigation and coagulation. More advanced techniques can be applied quickly and easily to ensure control of the hemorrhages and avoid the need for a microsurgical conversion.</AbstractText>© 2022. The Author(s).</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,056 | Metabolites and Biomarker Compounds of Neurodegenerative Diseases in Cerebrospinal Fluid. | Despite recent advances in diagnostic procedures for neurological disorders, it is still difficult to definitively diagnose some neurodegenerative diseases without neuropathological examination of autopsied brain tissue. As pathological processes in the brain are frequently reflected in the components of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), CSF samples are sometimes useful for diagnosis. After CSF is secreted from the choroid plexus epithelial cells in the ventricles, some flows in the brain, some is mixed with intracerebral interstitial fluid, and some is excreted through two major drainage pathways, i.e., the intravascular periarterial drainage pathway and the glymphatic system. Accordingly, substances produced by metabolic and pathological processes in the brain may be detectable in CSF. Many papers have reported changes in the concentration of substances in the CSF of patients with metabolic and neurological disorders, some of which can be useful biomarkers of the disorders. In this paper, we show the significance of glucose- and neurotransmitter-related CSF metabolites, considering their transporters in the choroid plexus; summarize the reported candidates of CSF biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases, including amyloid-β, tau, α-synuclein, microRNAs, and mitochondrial DNA; and evaluate their potential as efficient diagnostic tools. |
2,330,057 | The Learning Curve and Inter-Observer Variability in Contouring the Hippocampus under the Hippocampal Sparing Guidelines of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 0933. | Hippocampal-sparing brain radiotherapy (HS-BRT) in cancer patients results in preservation of neurocognitive function after brain RT which can contribute to patients' quality of life (QoL). The crucial element in HS-BRT treatment planning is appropriate contouring of the hippocampus. Ten doctors delineated the left and right hippocampus (LH and RH, respectively) on 10 patients' virtual axial images of brain CT fused with T1-enhanced MRI (1 mm) according to the RTOG 0933 atlas recommendations. Variations in the spatial localization of the structure were described in three directions: right-left (X), cranio-caudal (Y), and forward-backward (Z). Discrepancies concerned three-dimensional localization, shape, volume and size of the hippocampus. The largest differences were observed in the first three delineated cases which were characterized by larger hippocampal volumes than the remaining seven cases. The volumes of LH of more than half of hippocampus contours were marginally bigger than those of RH. Most differences in delineation of the hippocampus were observed in the area of the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle. Conversely, a large number of hippocampal contours overlapped near the brainstem and the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle. The most problematic area of hippocampal contouring is the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle. Training in the manual contouring of the hippocampus during HS-BRT treatment planning under the supervision of experienced radiation oncologists is necessary to achieve optimal outcomes. This would result in superior outcomes of HS-BRT treatment and improvement in QoL of patients compared to without HS-BRT procedure. Correct delineation of the hippocampus is problematic. This study demonstrates difficulties in HS-BRT treatment planning and highlights critical points during hippocampus delineation. |
2,330,058 | The O-Arm as an Additional Tool to Confirm Optimal Ventricular Tip Position-A Technical Note. | Ventricular catheter placement can be a challenging procedure when treating patients with slit ventricles, despite the use of a neuronavigation system.</AbstractText>We report the case of 3 patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension who had required revision of their ventricular catheter due to malpositioning, despite initial placement using neuronavigation. Owing to the absence of intraoperative computed tomography in our center, we used the O-arm imaging system to confirm placement of the optimal ventricular tip position intraoperatively.</AbstractText>Optimal ventricular drain position was achieved in all 3 patients.</AbstractText>This short technical note describes an easy technique for using the O-arm to confirm the optimal ventricular drain position.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,059 | [Clinical and genetic analysis of two patients with CHARGE syndrome due to de novo variants of CHD7 gene]. | To analyze the clinical characteristics and genetic basis of two children patients with CHARGE syndrome.</AbstractText>The clinical features of the two patients were analyzed, and potential variants were detected by Trio whole exome sequencing (trio-WES) of the probands and their parents.</AbstractText>Child 1 has manifested cerebellar vermis dysplasia, enlargement of cerebral ventricles, whereas child 2 manifested with infantile spasm and congenital hip dysplasia. Both children were found to harbor de novo heterozygous variants of the CHD7 gene, namely c.4015C>T (exon 17) and c.5050G>A (exon 22). Based on the guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the two variants were rated as pathogenic variants, and the related disease was CHARGE syndrome. Furthermore, child 2 was also found to harbor a novel heterozygous c.6161A>C (p.Gln2054Pro) missense variant of COL12A1 gene, which was rated as possibly pathogenic, and the associated disease was Bethlem myopathy type 2, which is partially matched with the patient' s clinical phenotype.</AbstractText>The special clinical phenotypes shown by the two children harboring novel CHD7 variants have further expanded the phenotypic spectrum of CHARGE syndrome.</AbstractText> |
2,330,060 | The Importance of Magnetic Resonance in Detection of Cortical Dysplasia. | Focal cortical dysplasia is a malformation of cortical development in which there are abnormalities with cortical lamination, neuronal maturation, and neuronal differentiation. It is the most common cause of medically refractory epilepsy in the pediatric population and the second/third most common etiology of medically intractable seizures in adults. Herein, we present the case of 23-years-old female patient, presenting with loss of consciousness, and convulsions. A MRI revealed a 5mm cortical thickening on either side of the posterior aspect of the right superior temporal gyrus without transmantle extension towards ventricle. This abnormal area is measured about 24x16mm and there was no evidence for mesial temporal sclerosis. Both hippocampi are normal is size, morphology and signal. These features are consistent with cortical dysplasia type 1. This case report emphasizes the importance of MRI in the detection of FCD. MRI can show no abnormalities in type 1 FCD, but when the changes are apparent, they are on the temporal lobe, and seizures presents most commonly in adults. |
2,330,061 | Contractile State Dependent Sarcomere Length Variability in Isolated Guinea-Pig Cardiomyocytes. | Cardiomyocytes contract keeping their sarcomere length (SL) close to optimal values for force generation. Transmural heterogeneity in SL across the ventricular wall coordinates the contractility of the whole-ventricle. SL heterogeneity (variability) exists not only at the tissue (macroscale) level, but also presents at the level of a single cardiomyocyte (microscale level). However, transmural differences in intracellular SL variability and its possible dependence on the state of contraction (e.g. end-diastole or end-systole) have not been previously reported. In the present study, we studied three aspects of sarcomere-to-sarcomere variability in intact cardiomyocytes isolated from the left ventricle of healthy guinea-pig: 1) transmural differences in SL distribution between subepi- (EPI) and subendocardial (ENDO) cardiomyocytes; 2) the dependence of intracellular variability in SL upon the state of contraction; 3) local differences in SL variability, comparing SL distributions between central and peripheral regions within the cardiomyocyte. To characterize the intracellular variability of SL, we used different normality tests for the assessment of SL distributions, as well as nonparametric coefficients to quantify the variability. We found that individual SL values in the end-systolic state of contraction followed a normal distribution to a lesser extent as compared to the end-diastolic state of contraction (∼1.3-fold and ∼1.6-fold in ENDO and EPI, respectively). The relative and absolute coefficients of sarcomere-to-sarcomere variability in end-systolic SL were significantly greater (∼1.3-fold) as compared to end-diastolic SL. This was independent of both the transmural region across the left ventricle and the intracellular region within the cardiomyocyte. We conclude that the intracellular variability in SL, which exists in normal intact guinea-pig cardiomyocytes, is affected by the contractile state of the myocyte. This phenomenon may play a role in inter-sarcomere communication in the beating heart. |
2,330,062 | Species-dependent differences in the inhibition of various potassium currents and in their effects on repolarization in cardiac ventricular muscle. | Even though rodents are accessible model animals, their electrophysiological properties are deeply different from those of humans, making the translation of rat studies to humans rather difficult. We compared the mechanisms of ventricular repolarization in various animal models to those of humans by measuring cardiac ventricular action potentials from ventricular papillary muscle preparations using conventional microelectrodes and applying selective inhibitors of various potassium transmembrane ion currents. Inhibition of the <i>I</i><sub>K1</sub> current (10 µmol/L barium chloride) significantly prolonged rat ventricular repolarization, but only slightly prolonged it in dogs, and did not affect it in humans. On the contrary, <i>I</i><sub>Kr</sub> inhibition (50 nmol/L dofetilide) significantly prolonged repolarization in humans, rabbits, and dogs, but not in rats. Inhibition of the <i>I</i><sub>Kur</sub> current (1 µmol/L XEN-D0101) only prolonged rat ventricular repolarization and had no effect in humans or dogs. Inhibition of the <i>I</i><sub>Ks</sub> (500 nmol/L HMR-1556) and <i>I</i><sub>to</sub> currents (100 µmol/L chromanol-293B) elicited similar effects in all investigated species. We conclude that dog ventricular preparations have the strongest translational value and rat ventricular preparations have the weakest translational value in cardiac electrophysiological experiments. |
2,330,063 | Clausena Harmandiana root extract attenuated cognitive impairments via reducing amyloid accumulation and neuroinflammation in Aβ<sub>1-42</sub>-induced rats. | Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis is associated with amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced neuroinflammation. In AD, the activation of microglia caused by Aβ accumulation is followed by the synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and ultimately leads to cognitive impairments. Clausena harmandiana (CH) is a medicinal plant in the Rutaceae family and has been used in folk medicine to relieve illnesses such as stomachache and headache, and as a health tonic. Interestingly, CH root extract (CHRE) has several anti-inflammatory and other pharmacological activities, but there are no studies in AD-like animal models.</AbstractText>This study aims to evaluate the effects of CHRE on cognitive impairments, increased Aβ1-42</sub> protein levels, and neuroinflammation in Aβ1-42</sub>-induced rats.</AbstractText>Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 8) of the sham control, V + Aβ, CB + Aβ CHRE125 + Aβ, CHRE250 + Aβ, and CHRE500 + Aβ. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose, Celebrex (10 mg/kg BW) and CHRE (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg BW) were given orally or without any treatment for 35 days. On day 21, aggregated Aβ1-42</sub> at a concentration of 1 μg/μl were injected into both lateral ventricles (1 μl/side) of all treated rats, while sterilized normal saline were injected to untreated rats. Ten days later, the novel object recognition test was performed to assess their recognition memory. At the end of the test period, an overdose of thiopental sodium (120 mg/kg BW) and transcardial perfusion with 0.9% normal saline solution were used to euthanize all rats. Then Aβ1-42</sub> protein levels and the expression of inflammatory markers (CD11b-positive microglia, IL-1β, and TNFα) were investigated in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.</AbstractText>Pretreatment with CHRE at all doses could attenuate short- and long-term impairments in recognition memory. Additionally, CHRE also inhibited the increase of Aβ1-42</sub> protein levels and the expression of inflammatory markers in both brain regions as well as receiving Celebrex.</AbstractText>This suggests that preventive treatment of CHRE might be a potential therapy against cognitive impairments via reducing Aβ1-42</sub> protein levels and neuroinflammation caused by Aβ1-42</sub>.</AbstractText>© 2022. The Author(s).</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,064 | Normalization strategy for selection of reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in left ventricles of failing human hearts. | Quantitative RT-PCR is a valuable tool for assessing the gene expression in different human tissues, particularly due to its exceptional sensitivity, accuracy and reliability. However, the choice of adequate control for normalization is a crucial step, greatly affecting the results of all subsequent analyses. So far, only a few studies were focused on the selection of optimal reference genes in left ventricles of failing human hearts, leading to several disparities in experimental results focused on differential gene expression in this area. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to identify a set of suitable reference genes in normal and failing left ventricle tissues, which could increase the reliability of RT-qPCR-based studies in the future.</AbstractText>We analyzed the expression of 15 commonly used housekeeping genes (ACTB, B2M, GAPDH, GUSB, HMBS, HPRT1, IPO8, PGK1, POLR2A, PPIA, RPLP0, TBP, TFRC, UBC and YWHAZ) in left ventricles of normal and failed hearts with two-step approach. In the first step, we excluded genes which are variantly expressed using ANOVA-based statistical method. Afterwards, the remaining genes were analyzed using geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper algorithms, together with delta Cq method. Finally, the geometric mean of gene rankings across all methods was calculated.</AbstractText>Our analysis identified IPO8 and POLR2A as the most stably expressed genes, whereas ACTB and B2M were found to be expressed variantly, suggesting a potential role of these genes in the pathophysiological processes in failing human hearts.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION">Using our two-step approach, we identified and validated two reference genes expressed invariantly in left ventricles of both healthy and failing human hearts, as well as provided a guideline for the selection of reference genes in studies comparing gene expression in these types of tissues.</AbstractText>© 2022. The Author(s).</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,065 | Repeat endoscopic third ventriculostomy combined with choroid plexus cauterization as salvage surgery for failed endoscopic third ventriculostomy. | Although the endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is an effective treatment for hydrocephalus, failures do on occasion occur. In such cases, a repeat ETV or shunt insertion is usually performed. However, there is, as of yet, no clear consensus on the best measure to take in the event of a failed ETV. We herein examined the outcomes of a repeat ETV combined with choroid plexus cauterization for ETV failure.</AbstractText>All patients who underwent an ETV at the Department of Neurosurgery at Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center between April 2013 and March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.</AbstractText>In total, 36 patients received an ETV. Six patients experienced ETV failure; three of these underwent a repeat ETV combined with choroid plexus cauterization. Three of the six patients who experienced early ETV failure received a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. During the median follow-up period of 42 months (range: 32-73 months), all repeat ETVs were successful.</AbstractText>A repeat ETV combined with choroid plexus cauterization can be an effective salvage therapy in the event of ETV failure.</AbstractText>© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,066 | De Novo GLI3 Pathogenic Variants May Cause Hypotonia and a Range of Brain Malformations Without Skeletal Abnormalities. | GLI3 encodes a zinc finger transcription factor that plays a role in the sonic hedgehog pathway. Germline pathogenic GLI3 variants are associated with Greig cephalopolysyndactyly and Pallister-Hall syndromes, two syndromes involving brain malformation and polydactyly.</AbstractText>We identified patients with pathogenic GLI3 variants and brain malformations in the absence of polydactyly or other skeletal malformation.</AbstractText>Two patients were identified. Patient #1 is a 4-year-old boy with hypotonia and global developmental delay. Brain MRI showed a focal cortical dysplasia, but he had no history of seizures. Genetic testing identified a de novo likely pathogenic GLI3 variant: c.4453A>T, p.Asn1485Tyr. Patient #2 is a 4-year-old boy with hypotonia, macrocephaly, and global developmental delay. His brain MRI showed partial agenesis of the corpus callosum, dilatation of the right lateral ventricle, and absent hippocampal commissure. Genetic testing identified a de novo pathogenic GLI3 variant: c.4236_4237del, p.Gln1414AspfsTer21. Neither patient had polydactyly or any apparent skeletal abnormality.</AbstractText>These patients widen the spectrum of clinical features that may be associated with GLI3 pathogenic variants to include hypotonia, focal cortical dysplasia, and other brain malformations, in the absence of apparent skeletal malformation. Further study is needed to determine if GLI3 pathogenic variants are a more common cause of focal cortical dysplasia or corpus callosum agenesis than presently recognized.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,067 | Quantification of Early Diffuse Myocardial Fibrosis Through 7.0 T Cardiac Magnetic Resonance T1 Mapping in a Type 1 Diabetic Mellitus Mouse Model.<Pagination><StartPage>167</StartPage><EndPage>177</EndPage><MedlinePgn>167-177</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1002/jmri.28207</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND">Diffuse myocardial interstitial fibrosis (DMIF) is a key factor for heart failure (HF) in diabetic cardiomyopathy. MRI T1-mapping technique can quantitatively evaluate DMIF.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="PURPOSE">To evaluate of early DMIF in a type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) mouse model through 7.0 T MRI T1 mapping.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="STUDY TYPE">Prospective.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="ANIMAL MODEL">A total of 50 8-week-old C57Bl/6J male mice were divided into control (n = 20) and T1DM (n = 30) groups.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE">A 7.0 T small animal MRI; gradient echo Look-Locker inversion recovery T1-mapping sequence; cine MRI. Scans were acquired in control and T1DM mice every 4 weeks until 24 weeks.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="ASSESSMENT">End-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), ejection fraction (EF), left ventricle (LV) mass, fractional shortening (FS), and E/A ratio. They were evaluated through echocardiography and cine MRI. The extracellular volume fraction (ECV) was calculated. Sirius Red staining was performed and calculated collagen volume fraction (CVF).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="STATISTICAL TESTS">Differences in ECV and CVF between two groups were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. The correlation between ECV and CVF was assessed using Pearson's correlations.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS">Compared with the control group, a progressive decrease in FS, EF, and E/A ratio was observed in the T1DM group. Both ECV and CVF values gradually increased during diabetes progression. A significant increase in ECV and CVF values was observed at 12 weeks (ECV: 32.5% ± 1.6% vs. 28.1% ± 1.8%; CVF: 6.9% ± 1.8% vs. 3.3% ± 1.1%). ECV showed a strong correlation with CVF (r = 0.856).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="DATA CONCLUSION">ECV is an accurate and feasible imaging marker that can be used to quantitatively assess DMIF changes over time in T1DM mice. ECV has potential to accurately detect DMIF in the early stage and may be a useful imaging tool to assess the need for early intervention in T1DM mice.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="EVIDENCE LEVEL">1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2022 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Hongkai</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-6191-5106</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, China, 100029.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shi</LastName><ForeName>Chunyan</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, China, 100029.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yang</LastName><ForeName>Lin</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, China, 100029.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Nan</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, China, 100029.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Guoqi</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Vascular Diseases, The Key Laboratory of Remodelling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhou</LastName><ForeName>Zhen</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, China, 100029.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gao</LastName><ForeName>Yifeng</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, China, 100029.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Dongting</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, China, 100029.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Xu</LastName><ForeName>Lei</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-8499-0448</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, China, 100029.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fan</LastName><ForeName>Zhanming</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, China, 100029.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2022</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>18</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>J Magn Reson Imaging</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9105850</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1053-1807</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051379" MajorTopicYN="N">Mice</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011446" MajorTopicYN="N">Prospective Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003922" MajorTopicYN="Y">Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009206" MajorTopicYN="N">Myocardium</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="N">pathology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009202" MajorTopicYN="Y">Cardiomyopathies</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="N">pathology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019028" MajorTopicYN="N">Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="N">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005355" MajorTopicYN="N">Fibrosis</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011237" MajorTopicYN="N">Predictive Value of Tests</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004195" MajorTopicYN="N">Disease Models, Animal</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009682" MajorTopicYN="N">Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016277" MajorTopicYN="N">Ventricular Function, Left</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">T1 mapping and ECV</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">collagen volume fraction</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">diabetic cardiomyopathy</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2022</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>7</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2022</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>26</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2022</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>7</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2022</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>19</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2022</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>15</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2022</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>18</Day><Hour>12</Hour><Minute>13</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">35436040</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1002/jmri.28207</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Title>References</Title><Reference><Citation>Murtaza G, Virk HUH, Khalid M, et al. 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Magn Reson Imaging 2017;42:69-73.</Citation></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM" IndexingMethod="Automated"><PMID Version="1">35435913</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2022</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>20</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2022</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>17</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1940-087X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Issue>181</Issue><PubDate><Year>2022</Year><Month>Mar</Month><Day>31</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Vis Exp</ISOAbbreviation></Journal>Intraventricular Drug Delivery and Sampling for Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Study. | Although the blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain from foreign entities, it also prevents some therapeutics from crossing into the central nervous system (CNS) to ameliorate diseases or infections. Drugs are administered directly into the CNS in animals and humans to circumvent the BBB. The present protocol describes a unique way of treating brain infections through intraventricular delivery of antibiotics, i.e., polymyxins, the last-line antibiotics to treat multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria. A straightforward stereotaxic surgery protocol was developed to implant a guide cannula reaching into the lateral ventricle in rats. After a recovery period of 24 h, rats can be injected consciously and repeatedly through a cannula that is fitted to the guide. Injections can be delivered manually as a bolus or infusion using a microinjection pump to obtain a slow and controlled flow rate. The intraventricular injection was successfully confirmed with Evans Blue dye. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be drained, and the brain and other organs can be collected. This approach is highly amenable for studies involving drug delivery to the CNS and subsequent assessment of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic activity. |
2,330,068 | Differences in recovery processes of circadian oscillators in various tissues after sevoflurane treatment <i>in vivo</i>. | The inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane reversibly suppresses <i>Period2</i> (<i>Per2)</i> mRNA expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). However, a discrepancy exists in phase shifting of the <i>Per2</i> expression rhythm between sevoflurane application in rats (<i>in vivo</i> application) and explants (<i>ex vivo</i> application). This investigation aimed to resolve this issue. First, tissues from the SCN, choroid plexus in the lateral ventricle (CP-LV), and choroid plexus in the fourth ventricle (CP-4V), which are robust circadian oscillators, and pineal gland (PG) tissue, which is a circadian influencer, were prepared from <i>Per2::dLuc</i> transgenic rats. Significant phase responses of bioluminescence rhythms for different preparation times were monitored in the four tissue explant types. Second, tissue explants were prepared from anesthetized rats immediately after sevoflurane treatment, and bioluminescence rhythms were compared with those from non-anesthetized rats at various preparation times. Regarding bioluminescence rhythm phases, <i>in vivo</i> application of sevoflurane induced phase shifts in CP-LV, CP-4V, and PG explants according to the times that rats were administered anesthesia and the explants were prepared. Phase shifts in these peripheral explants were withdrawn due to the recovery period after the anesthetic treatment, which suggests that peripheral tissues require the assistance of related tissues or organs to correct phase shifts. In contrast, no phase shifts were observed in SCN explants. These results indicated that SCN explants can independently correct bioluminescence rhythm phase. The bioluminescence intensity of explants was also decreased after i<i>n vivo</i> sevoflurane application. The suppressive effects on SCN explants were withdrawn due to a recovery day after the anesthetic treatment. In contrast, the suppressive effects on the bioluminescence intensities of CP-LV, CP-4V, and PG explants remained at 30 days after anesthesia administration. These results suggest that anesthetic suppression is imprinted within the peripheral tissues. |
2,330,069 | A Unique Subset: Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Presenting as Spontaneous CSF Leak of the Anterior Skull Base. | <b>Introduction</b>  Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks represent a unique clinical presentation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), lacking classical features of IIH, including severe headaches, papilledema, and markedly elevated opening pressures. <b>Methods</b>  Following a single-institution retrospective review of patients undergoing spontaneous CSF leak repair, we performed a literature review of spontaneous CSF leak in patients previously undiagnosed with IIH, querying PubMed. <b>Results</b>  Our literature review yielded 26 studies, comprising 716 patients. Average age was 51 years with 80.8% female predominance, and average body mass index was 35.5. Presenting symptoms included headaches (32.5%), visual disturbances (4.2%), and a history of meningitis (15.3%). Papilledema occurred in 14.1%. An empty sella was present in 77.7%. Slit ventricles and venous sinus stenosis comprised 7.7 and 31.8%, respectively. CSF leak most commonly originated from the sphenoid sinus (41.1%), cribriform plate (25.4%), and ethmoid skull base (20.4%). Preoperative opening pressures were normal at 22.4 cm H <sub>2</sub> O and elevated postoperatively to 30.8 cm H <sub>2</sub> O. 19.1% of patients underwent shunt placement. CSF leak recurred after repair in 10.5% of patients, 78.6% involving the initial site. A total of 85.7% of these patients were managed with repeat surgical intervention, and 23.2% underwent a shunting procedure. <b>Conclusion</b>  Spontaneous CSF leaks represent a distinct variant of IIH, distinguished by decreased prevalence of headaches, lack of visual deficits, and normal opening pressures. Delayed measurement of opening pressure after leak repair may be helpful to diagnose IIH. Permanent CSF diversion may be indicated in patients exhibiting significantly elevated opening pressures postoperatively, refractory symptoms of IIH, or recurrent CSF leak. |
2,330,070 | Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Induced Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Mice Through the Inhibition of TRPV4 Opening. | Post-stroke anxiety severely affects recovery in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Dexmedetomidine (Dex), a highly selective alpha 2 adrenal receptor (α2-AR) agonist, was recently found to exert an excellent protective effect against mental disorders including anxiety. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel is involved in a series of diseases such as asthma, cancer, anxiety, and cardiac hypertrophy. This study examines whether Dex improved ICH-induced anxiety via the inhibition of TRPV4 channel opening. A rodent model of moderate ICH in the basal ganglia was established using autologous blood injection (20 μl). Mice were treated with Dex (25 μg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) every day for 3 days post-ICH. GSK1016790A (1 μmol/2 μl), an agonist of TRPV4, was administered <i>via</i> the left lateral ventricle. Thirty days post-ICH, post-stroke anxiety was evaluated by elevated plus-maze and open-field tests. Following behavioral tests, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), astrocytic activation, and A1-and A2-type astrocytes were determined. Primary astrocytes were exposed to hemin to simulate ICH <i>in vitro</i>. Compared with sham-treated mice, Dex administration ameliorates ICH-induced decreases of distance and time in the open-arm, reduces distance and time in the central zone, increases astrocytic activation and A1-type astrocytes, elevates MDA content, downregulates total SOD contents, and decreases A2-type astrocytes. However, GSK1016790A partially reversed the neuroprotective effects of Dex. In addition, Dex significantly inhibited hemin-induced astrocytic activation <i>in vitro</i>. Dex improves ICH-induced anxiety-like behaviors in mice, and the mechanism might be associated with the inhibition of TRPV4-channel opening. |
2,330,071 | The Sheep as a Comprehensive Animal Model to Investigate Interdependent Physiological Pressure Propagation and Multiparameter Influence on Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics. | The present study aims to develop a suitable animal model for evaluating the physiological interactions between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics, hemodynamics, and abdominal compartment pressures. We seek to contribute to the enhanced recognition of the pathophysiology of CSF-dependent neurological disorders like hydrocephalus and the improvement of available treatment options. To date, no comprehensive animal model of CSF dynamics exists, and establishing an accurate model will advance our understanding of complex CSF physiology. Persisting knowledge gaps surrounding the communication and pressure propagation between the cerebrospinal space and adjacent anatomical compartments exacerbate the development of novel therapies for neurological diseases. Hence, the need for further investigation of the interactions of vascular, craniospinal, and abdominal pressures remains beyond dispute. Moreover, the results of this animal study support the optimization of <i>in vitro</i> test benches for medical device development, e.g., ventriculoperitoneal shunts. Six female white alpine sheep were surgically equipped with pressure sensors to investigate the physiological values of intracranial, intrathecal, arterial, central venous, jugular venous, vesical pressure, and four differently located abdominal pressures. These values were measured simultaneously during the acute animal trial with sheep under general anesthesia. Both carotid and femoral arterial blood pressure indicate a reliable and comparable representation of the systematic blood pressure. However, the jugular venous pressure and the central venous pressure in sheep in dorsal recumbency do not correlate well under general anesthesia. Furthermore, there is a trend for possible comparability of lateral intraventricular and lumbar intrathecal pressure. Nevertheless, animal body position during measurements must be considered since different body constitutions can alter the horizontal line between the cerebral ventricles and the lumbar subarachnoid space. While intra-abdominal pressure measurement in the four different abdominal quadrants yielded greater inter-individual variability, intra-vesical pressure measurements in our setting delivered comparable values for all sheep. We established a novel and comprehensive ovine animal model to investigate interdependent physiologic pressure propagation and multiparameter influences on CSF dynamics. The results of this study will contribute to further <i>in vitro</i> bench testing, the derivation of novel quantitative models, and the development of a pathologic ovine hydrocephalus model. |
2,330,072 | Outcomes in Patients With HeartMate3 Versus HeartWare Ventricular Assist Device Implanted as Destination Therapy.<Pagination><StartPage>1049</StartPage><EndPage>1053</EndPage><MedlinePgn>1049-1053</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.transproceed.2022.02.020</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0041-1345(22)00201-9</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Donor organ shortage caused a growing interest in mechanical circulatory support not only as a bridge to transplant but also as a destination therapy. Improved results and increased applicability and durability of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have established this treatment option as an alternative for patients with end-stage heart failure.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">The aim of the study was to compare the early results, major complications, and the follow up of all patients undergoing HeartMate3 (HM3) LVAD and HeartWare Ventricular Assist Device (HVAD) system implantation in one of the most experienced Clinic in Poland between 2015 and 2020.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">There were 78 individuals (72 male, 92%; 6 female, 8%), with median age 57 years (range, 50-62 years). Until 2020 we implanted 47 (60%) HVADs and 31 (40%) HM3 LVADs. Patient characteristics were comparable between both groups apart from median left ventricle diameter (8.2 cm [range, 7.4-8.4 cm] in HM3 group vs 7.2 cm [range, 6.7-7.9 cm] in HVAD group; P < .01) The overall survival was 53.2% in the HVAD group and 77.4% in the HM3 group (P =.03). Mean survival time was higher in HM3 group (2.97 years [range, 2.43-3.5 years] vs 2.51 years [range, 1.94-3.08 years]; P < .05). Mean complication-free survival time was also higher in the HM3 group (2.16 years [range, 1.55-2.76] vs 1.61 [range, 1.16-2.06 years]; P < .05), with overall complication-free rate of 54.8% for HM3 vs 29.8% for HVAD (P = .27). Median hospitalization time was comparable (31 days [range, 25-39 days] in the HM3 group vs 32 days [range, 24-38 days] in the HVAD group; P = .49).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Patients supported with the HM3 had significantly fewer major complications than HVAD. Moreover, the HVAD was associated with higher mortality.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wasilewski</LastName><ForeName>Grzegorz</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland. Electronic address: grzegorz.wasilewski23@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kędziora</LastName><ForeName>Anna</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wiśniowska-Śmiałek</LastName><ForeName>Sylwia</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tomsia</LastName><ForeName>Paulina</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kaleta</LastName><ForeName>Michał</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wierzbicki</LastName><ForeName>Karol</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2022</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>15</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Transplant Proc</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0243532</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0041-1345</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006333" MajorTopicYN="Y">Heart Failure</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000175" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnosis</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000601" MajorTopicYN="N">surgery</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006352" MajorTopicYN="N">Heart Ventricles</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006353" MajorTopicYN="Y">Heart-Assist Devices</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="N">adverse effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012189" MajorTopicYN="N">Retrospective Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016896" MajorTopicYN="N">Treatment Outcome</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2021</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>22</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2022</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>4</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2022</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>18</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2022</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>19</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2022</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>17</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2022</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>18</Day><Hour>5</Hour><Minute>34</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">35431097</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.transproceed.2022.02.020</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0041-1345(22)00201-9</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedBookArticle><BookDocument><PMID Version="25">26389382</PMID><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="bookaccession">NBK65944</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><Book><Publisher><PublisherName>National Cancer Institute (US)</PublisherName><PublisherLocation>Bethesda (MD)</PublisherLocation></Publisher><BookTitle book="pdqcis">PDQ Cancer Information Summaries</BookTitle><PubDate><Year>2002</Year></PubDate><BeginningDate><Year>2002</Year></BeginningDate><Medium>Internet</Medium></Book><ArticleTitle book="pdqcis" part="CDR0000614165">Childhood Astrocytomas Treatment (PDQ®): Health Professional Version | This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about the treatment of childhood astrocytomas. It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians in the care of their patients. It does not provide formal guidelines or recommendations for making health care decisions. This summary is reviewed regularly and updated as necessary by the PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board, which is editorially independent of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The summary reflects an independent review of the literature and does not represent a policy statement of NCI or the National Institutes of Health (NIH). |
2,330,073 | The extracellular matrix molecule tenascin-C modulates cell cycle progression and motility of adult neural stem/progenitor cells from the subependymal zone. | Adult neurogenesis has been described in two canonical regions of the adult central nervous system (CNS) of rodents, the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus and the subependymal zone (SEZ) of the lateral ventricles. The stem cell niche of the SEZ provides a privileged environment composed of a specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) that comprises the glycoproteins tenascin-C (Tnc) and laminin-1 (LN1). In the present study, we investigated the function of these ECM glycoproteins in the adult stem cell niche. Adult neural stem/progenitor cells (aNSPCs) of the SEZ were prepared from wild type (Tnc<sup>+/+</sup>) and Tnc knockout (Tnc<sup>-/-</sup>) mice and analyzed using molecular and cell biological approaches. A delayed maturation of aNSPCs in Tnc<sup>-/-</sup> tissue was reflected by a reduced capacity to form neurospheres in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF). To examine a potential influence of the ECM on cell proliferation, aNSPCs of both genotypes were studied by cell tracking using digital video microscopy. aNSPCs were cultivated on three different substrates, namely, poly-D-lysine (PDL) and PDL replenished with either LN1 or Tnc for up to 6 days in vitro. On each of the three substrates aNSPCs displayed lineage trees that could be investigated with regard to cell cycle length. The latter appeared reduced in Tnc<sup>-/-</sup> aNSPCs on PDL and LN1 substrates, less so on Tnc that seemed to compensate the absence of the ECM compound to some extent. Close inspection of the lineage trees revealed a subpopulation of late dividing aNSPCs<sub>late</sub> that engaged into cycling after a notable delay. aNSPCs<sub>late</sub> exhibited a clearly different morphology, with a larger cell body and conspicuous processes. aNSPCs<sub>late</sub> reiterated the reduction in cell cycle length on all substrates tested, which was not rescued on Tnc substrates. When the migratory activity of aNSPC-derived progeny was determined, Tnc<sup>-/-</sup> neuroblasts displayed significantly longer migration tracks. This was traced to an increased rate of migration episodes compared to the wild-type cells that rested for longer time periods. We conclude that Tnc intervenes in the proliferation of aNSPCs and modulates the motility of neuroblasts in the niche of the SEZ. |
2,330,074 | Rapid chest compression effects on intracranial pressure in patients with acute cerebral injury. | Patients with acute brain injury often require invasive mechanical ventilation, increasing the risk of developing complications such as respiratory secretions retention. Rapid chest compression is a manual chest physiotherapy technique that aims to improve clearance of secretions in these patients. However, the rapid chest compression technique has been suggested to be associated with increased intracranial pressure in patients with acute brain injury. The aim of this work is to elucidate the effects of the technique on intracranial pressure in mechanically ventilated patients with acute brain injury. Furthermore, the effects of the technique in different volumes and flows recorded by the ventilator and the relationship between the pressure applied in the intervention group and the different variables will also be studied.</AbstractText>Randomized clinical trial, double-blinded. Patients with acute brain injury on invasive mechanical ventilation > 48 h will be included and randomized in two groups. In the control group, a technique of passive hallux mobilization will be applied, and in the intervention group, it will be performed using the rapid chest compression technique. Intracranial pressure (main variable) will be collected with an intracranial pressure monitoring system placed at the lateral ventricles (Integra Camino).</AbstractText>The safety of chest physiotherapy techniques in patients at risk of intracranial hyperpressure is still uncertain. The aim of this study is to identify if the rapid manual chest compression technique is safe in ventilated patients with acute brain injury.</AbstractText>NCT03609866 . Registered on 08/01/2018.</AbstractText>© 2022. The Author(s).</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,075 | Resection of Ependymomas Infiltrating the Fourth Ventricular Floor: Anatomosurgical and Stimulation Mapping Techniques. | Despite the importance of complete, gross total resection (GTR) of fourth ventricular ependymomas, significant morbidity and/or subtotal resections are reported, particularly when the ventricular floor is infiltrated. Step-by-step technique descriptions are lacking in the literature.</AbstractText>To describe monitoring and stimulation mapping techniques and surgical nuances in the challenging subgroup of infiltrating fourth ventricular ependymomas by a highly illustrated, step-by-step description. Superimposed outlines of cranial nerve nuclei on the surgical field demonstrate critical anatomy and facilitate understanding in a way not previously presented.</AbstractText>We reviewed the microanatomical and neurophysiological prerequisites of resecting a diffusively infiltrating fourth ventricular ependymoma.</AbstractText>We achieved GTR with the use of reproducible stimulating mapping and accurate cranial nerve nuclei identification.</AbstractText>Enhanced microanatomical understanding, reproducible stimulation mapping, and meticulous resection techniques can result in GTR, even in diffusively infiltrating ependymomas.</AbstractText>Copyright © Congress of Neurological Surgeons 2022. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,076 | Cardiac Magnetic Resonance at 3.0 T in Patients With C282Y Homozygous Hereditary Hemochromatosis: Superiority of Radial and Circumferential Strain Over Cardiac T2* Measurements at Baseline and at Post Venesection Follow-up. | Iron-overload cardiomyopathy initially manifests with diastolic dysfunction and can progress to dilated cardiomyopathy if untreated. Previous studies have shown that patients with primary and secondary hemochromatosis can have subclinical left ventricle dysfunction with abnormalities on strain imaging. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between cardiac T2* values and myocardial-wall strain in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) at the time of diagnosis and after a course of venesection treatment.</AbstractText>Baseline cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) at 3 T was performed in 19 patients with newly diagnosed HH with elevated serum ferritin levels and repeated after a course of treatment with venesection. Quantitative T2* mapping and strain analysis were performed offline using dedicated relaxometry fitting and feature-tracking software.</AbstractText>The majority (84%) of patients had normal baseline myocardial T2* values (mean 19.3 ms, range 8.9 to 31.2 ms), which improved significantly after venesection (mean 24.1 ms, range 11 to 38.1 ms) ( P =0.021). Mean global radial strain significantly improved from 25.0 (range: 15.6 to 32.9) to 28.3 (range: 19.8 to 35.8) ( P =0.001) and mean global circumferential strain improved, decreasing from -15.7 (range: -11.1 to -19.2) to -17.1 (range: -13.0 to -20.1) ( P =0.001).</AbstractText>Patients with HH may have normal T2* values in the presence of subclinical left ventricle dysfunction, which can be detected by abnormal radial and circumferential strain. As strain imaging improves following venesection in HH, it may serve as a useful biomarker to guide treatment.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,077 | Imaging characteristics of 4th ventricle subependymoma. | Subependymomas located within the 4th ventricle are rare, and the literature describing imaging characteristics is sparse. Here, we describe the clinical and radiological characteristics of 29 patients with 4th ventricle subependymoma.</AbstractText>This is a retrospective multi-center study performed after Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval. Patients diagnosed with suspected 4th ventricle subependymoma were identified. A review of clinical, radiology, and pathology reports along with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images was performed.</AbstractText>Twenty-nine patients, including 6 females, were identified. Eighteen patients underwent surgery with histopathological confirmation of subependymoma. The median age at diagnosis was 52 years. Median tumor volume for the operative cohort was 9.87 cm3</sup>, while for the non-operative cohort, it was 0.96 cm3</sup>. Thirteen patients in the operative group exhibited symptoms at diagnosis. For the total cohort, the majority of subependymomas (n = 22) were isointense on T1, hyperintense (n = 22) on T2, and enhanced (n = 24). All tumors were located just below the body of the 4th ventricle, terminating near the level of the obex. Fourteen cases demonstrated extension of tumor into foramen of Magendie or Luschka.</AbstractText>To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest collection of 4th ventricular subependymomas with imaging findings reported to date. All patients in this cohort had tumors originating between the bottom of the body of the 4th ventricle and the obex. This uniform and specific site of origin aids with imaging diagnosis and may infer possible theories of origin.</AbstractText>© 2022. The Author(s).</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,078 | Proteomics analysis: inhibiting the expression of P62 protein by chloroquine combined with dacarbazine can reduce the malignant progression of uveal melanoma. | Although uveal melanoma (UM) at the early stage is controllable to some extent, it inevitably ultimately leads to death due to its metastasis. At present, the difficulty is that there is no way to effectively tackle the metastasis. It is hypothesized that these will be treated by target molecules, but the recognized target molecule has not yet been found. In this study, the target molecule was explored through proteomics.</AbstractText>Transgenic enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) inbred nude mice, which spontaneously display a tumor microenvironment (TME), were used as model animal carriers. The UM cell line 92.1 was inoculated into the brain ventricle stimulating metastatic growth of UM, and a graft re-cultured Next, the UM cell line 92.1-A was obtained through monoclonal amplification, and a differential proteomics database, between 92.1 and ectopic 92.1-A, was established. Finally, bioinformatics methodologies were adopted to optimize key regulatory proteins, and in vivo and in vitro functional verification and targeted drug screening were performed.</AbstractText>Cells and tissues displaying green fluorescence in animal models were determined as TME characteristics provided by hosts. The data of various biological phenotypes detected proved that 92.1-A were more malignant than 92.1. Besides this malignancy, the key protein p62 (SQSTM1), selected from 5267 quantifiable differential proteomics databases, was a multifunctional autophagy linker protein, and its expression could be suppressed by chloroquine and dacarbazine. Inhibition of p62 could reduce the malignancy degree of 92.1-A.</AbstractText>As the carriers of human UM orthotopic and ectopic xenotransplantation, transgenic EGFP inbred nude mice clearly display the characteristics of TME. In addition, the p62 protein optimized by the proteomics is the key protein that increases the malignancy of 92.1 cells, which therefore provides a basis for further exploration of target molecule therapy for refractory metastatic UM.</AbstractText>© 2022. The Author(s).</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,079 | Cerebral gray matter injuries in infants with intraventricular hemorrhage. | While intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) predominantly damages the periventricular white matter, it induces substantial injury to the cerebral gray matter. IVH destroys the germinal matrix, suppresses neurogenesis, and disrupts corticogenesis, thereby reducing the number of neurons in the upper cortical layer and volume of the cerebral gray matter. The pathogenesis of gray matter injury is attributed to IVH-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and mass effect damaging the germinal matrix as well as to post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilation (PHVD). The IVH-induced cerebral gray matter injury and PHVD contribute to cognitive deficits and neurobehavioral disorders. Neuroimaging has enhanced our understanding of cerebral gray matter injury and is a valuable predictor of neurodevelopmental outcomes. Evidence from therapies tested in preclinical models and clinical trials suggests that strategies to promote neurogenesis, reduce cerebral inflammation and oxidative stress, and remove blood clots from the ventricles might enhance the outcome of these infants. This review offers an integrated view of new insights into the mechanisms underlying gray matter injury in premature infants with IVH and highlights the imminent therapies to restore neurodevelopmental dysfunction in IVH survivors. |
2,330,080 | Evaluation of the relationship between diabetic retinopathy and left atrial deformation parameters.<Pagination><StartPage>30</StartPage><MedlinePgn>30</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">30</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1186/s43044-022-00265-x</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) may develop without coronary artery disease, hypertension (HT), or valvular pathologies in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), which is defined as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and its pathophysiology is still unclear. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of DM, and patients with DR have increased risk for the development of heart failure (HF). Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) evaluates longitudinal deformation in left atrium (LA) myocardium and previous studies utilizing 2D-STE have revealed the detrimental effects of DM on LA functions. Although some studies have shown the association between DR and left ventricle (LV) systolic functions, as far as the researchers of this study investigated, there is no study evaluating the relationship between LA deformation parameters and DR. Hence, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the presence and the degree of DR and LA deformation parameters.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">LA deformation parameters were analyzed in terms of LA reservoir, conduit, and contractile functions according to the degree of DR. LA reservoir strain value was 14.2 ± 3.6 in normal retina group, 12.2 ± 4.1 in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) group, and 13 ± 3.7 in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) group (P = 0.04). LA contractile strain was 15.9 ± 6.8 in normal retina group, 13.1 ± 47.4 in NPDR group, and 9.9 ± 4.7 in PDR group (P < 0.001). LA conduit strain was 30.1 ± 6.6 in normal retina group, 25.3 ± 6.5 in NPDR group, and 22.9 ± 4.9 in PDR group (P < 0.001). Proportional odds regression for association between clinical data, echocardiographic parameters, and LA contractile strain function showed that increasing creatinine (from 0.7 to 1.0; OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.51-0.99; P = 0.04), DR presence (OR 0.24; 95% CI 0.11-0.50; P = 0.001), and increasing left atrial volume index (LAVI) (from 33.5 to 52.6; OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.43-0.89; P = 0.01) were associated with decreasing LA function; however, other variables indicated no association.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Our results showed the relationship between LA deformation parameters and DR, although microvascular involvement is not a certainly defined cardiovascular risk factor. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the clinical importance of DR presence and its degree for deformation parameters.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2022. The Author(s).</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Külahçıoğlu</LastName><ForeName>Şeyhmus</ForeName><Initials>Ş</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-6435-7821</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Kartal Koşuyolu Education and Research Hospital, Kartal Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Denizer caddesi Cevizli Kavşağı No: 2, Kartal, stanbul, Turkey. drseyhmus@yahoo.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Karagöz</LastName><ForeName>Işıl Kutlutürk</ForeName><Initials>IK</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-7367-2906</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Ophtalmology, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bilen</LastName><ForeName>Yusuf</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-9043-4467</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Kartal Koşuyolu Education and Research Hospital, Kartal Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Denizer caddesi Cevizli Kavşağı No: 2, Kartal, stanbul, Turkey.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kültürsay</LastName><ForeName>Barkın</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-1424-2209</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Kartal Koşuyolu Education and Research Hospital, Kartal Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Denizer caddesi Cevizli Kavşağı No: 2, Kartal, stanbul, Turkey.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Akbaş</LastName><ForeName>Ravza Betül</ForeName><Initials>RB</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-2545-6445</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Kartal Koşuyolu Education and Research Hospital, Kartal Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Denizer caddesi Cevizli Kavşağı No: 2, Kartal, stanbul, Turkey.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yücel</LastName><ForeName>Enver</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-3654-2448</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Sancaktepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tokgöz</LastName><ForeName>Hacer Ceren</ForeName><Initials>HC</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-8187-7290</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Kartal Koşuyolu Education and Research Hospital, Kartal Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Denizer caddesi Cevizli Kavşağı No: 2, Kartal, stanbul, Turkey.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Uslu</LastName><ForeName>Abdülkadir</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-3022-2734</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Kartal Koşuyolu Education and Research Hospital, Kartal Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Denizer caddesi Cevizli Kavşağı No: 2, Kartal, stanbul, Turkey.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Karagöz</LastName><ForeName>Ali</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-0438-2021</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Kartal Koşuyolu Education and Research Hospital, Kartal Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Denizer caddesi Cevizli Kavşağı No: 2, Kartal, stanbul, Turkey.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kaymaz</LastName><ForeName>Cihangir</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-2627-9081</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Kartal Koşuyolu Education and Research Hospital, Kartal Koşuyolu Yüksek İhtisas Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Denizer caddesi Cevizli Kavşağı No: 2, Kartal, stanbul, Turkey.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Sancaktepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2022</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>13</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Germany</Country><MedlineTA>Egypt Heart J</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9106952</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1110-2608</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Diabetic retinopathy</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Left atrial contractile strain</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Speckle tracking echocardiography</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2021</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>14</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2022</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>5</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2022</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>13</Day><Hour>12</Hour><Minute>3</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2022</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>14</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2022</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>14</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">35416514</ArticleId><ArticleId 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Circ J. 2016;80:1957–1964. doi: 10.1253/circj.CJ-16-0488.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1253/circj.CJ-16-0488</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27385281</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">35416455</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2023</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>07</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1827-1855</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><PubDate><Year>2022</Year><Month>Apr</Month><Day>13</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of neurosurgical sciences</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Neurosurg Sci</ISOAbbreviation></Journal>Classification of unilateral thalamic gliomas predicts tumor resection and patient's survival: a single center retrospective study.<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.23736/S0390-5616.22.05660-0</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">To propose our classification about unilateral thalamic gliomas, and to describe relationship between the classification and clinical characteristics including symptoms, surgical approaches and survival, which should contribute to the treatment and the prognostic prediction of unilateral thalamic gliomas.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">A total of 66 adult unilateral thalamic glioma patients with pathologic confirmation between January 2010 and December 2018 were retrospectively investigated.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Unilateral thalamic gliomas could be divided into quadrigeminal cistern and ventricle extension type (Type Q), lateral type (Type L) and anterior type (Type A) according to tumor location, extensive polarity and location of ipsilateral posterior limb of internal capsule. Each subtype of QLA classification could match with one kind of corresponding approach. Preoperative symptoms including headache, dyskinesia, aphasia, hydrocephalus and KPS scores, and pathological features including H3K27M mutation and P53 expression were correlated with QLA classification. Further analysis confirmed that Type Q tumors had a higher rate of total resection and a significantly longer survival time compared to Type L and Type A tumors, with similar improved and deteriorated rates of symptoms. Univariate and multivariate analysis demonstrated QLA classification was remarkedly associated with overall survival and could be considered as an independent prognostic factor in patients with unilateral thalamic gliomas.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Unilateral thalamic glioma could be divided into 3 subtypes by imaging characteristics, symptoms and survival. QLA classification could predict tumor resection and the prognosis and could contribute to the planning of therapeutic strategy in patients with unilateral thalamic gliomas.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Que</LastName><ForeName>Tianshi</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Zhiyong</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zheng</LastName><ForeName>Haojie</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tan</LastName><ForeName>Jian-Er</ForeName><Initials>JE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yuan</LastName><ForeName>Xi</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yi</LastName><ForeName>Guozhong</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fang</LastName><ForeName>Luxiong</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nie</LastName><ForeName>Jing</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yin</LastName><ForeName>Yanyi</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Xu</LastName><ForeName>Haiyan</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zheng</LastName><ForeName>Xiaoxuan</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Junlu</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Xi-An</ForeName><Initials>XA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Qi</LastName><ForeName>Songtao</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China - qisongtaonfyy@126.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Huang</LastName><ForeName>Guanglong</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Nanfang Glioma Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2022</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>13</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Italy</Country><MedlineTA>J Neurosurg Sci</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0432557</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0390-5616</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>J Neurosurg Sci. 2023 Feb;67(1):133-134</RefSource><PMID Version="1">36756923</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2022</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>13</Day><Hour>10</Hour><Minute>19</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2022</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>14</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2022</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>14</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>aheadofprint</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">35416455</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.23736/S0390-5616.22.05660-0</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0390-5616.22.05660-0</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">35416454</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2022</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>13</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1827-1855</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><PubDate><Year>2022</Year><Month>Apr</Month><Day>13</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of neurosurgical sciences</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Neurosurg Sci</ISOAbbreviation></Journal>Endoscopic-assisted paramedian supracerebellar infratentorial approach to the posterior portion of the third ventricle. Anatomical study and surgical cases. | Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) may develop without coronary artery disease, hypertension (HT), or valvular pathologies in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), which is defined as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and its pathophysiology is still unclear. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of DM, and patients with DR have increased risk for the development of heart failure (HF). Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) evaluates longitudinal deformation in left atrium (LA) myocardium and previous studies utilizing 2D-STE have revealed the detrimental effects of DM on LA functions. Although some studies have shown the association between DR and left ventricle (LV) systolic functions, as far as the researchers of this study investigated, there is no study evaluating the relationship between LA deformation parameters and DR. Hence, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the presence and the degree of DR and LA deformation parameters.</AbstractText>LA deformation parameters were analyzed in terms of LA reservoir, conduit, and contractile functions according to the degree of DR. LA reservoir strain value was 14.2 ± 3.6 in normal retina group, 12.2 ± 4.1 in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) group, and 13 ± 3.7 in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) group (P = 0.04). LA contractile strain was 15.9 ± 6.8 in normal retina group, 13.1 ± 47.4 in NPDR group, and 9.9 ± 4.7 in PDR group (P < 0.001). LA conduit strain was 30.1 ± 6.6 in normal retina group, 25.3 ± 6.5 in NPDR group, and 22.9 ± 4.9 in PDR group (P < 0.001). Proportional odds regression for association between clinical data, echocardiographic parameters, and LA contractile strain function showed that increasing creatinine (from 0.7 to 1.0; OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.51-0.99; P = 0.04), DR presence (OR 0.24; 95% CI 0.11-0.50; P = 0.001), and increasing left atrial volume index (LAVI) (from 33.5 to 52.6; OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.43-0.89; P = 0.01) were associated with decreasing LA function; however, other variables indicated no association.</AbstractText>Our results showed the relationship between LA deformation parameters and DR, although microvascular involvement is not a certainly defined cardiovascular risk factor. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the clinical importance of DR presence and its degree for deformation parameters.</AbstractText>© 2022. The Author(s).</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,081 | Glioblastoma scRNA-seq shows treatment-induced, immune-dependent increase in mesenchymal cancer cells and structural variants in distal neural stem cells. | Glioblastoma is a treatment-resistant brain cancer. Its hierarchical cellular nature and its tumor microenvironment (TME) before, during, and after treatments remain unresolved.</AbstractText>Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze new and recurrent glioblastoma and the nearby subventricular zone (SVZ).</AbstractText>We found 4 glioblastoma neural lineages are present in new and recurrent glioblastoma with an enrichment of the cancer mesenchymal lineage, immune cells, and reactive astrocytes in early recurrences. Cancer lineages were hierarchically organized around cycling oligodendrocytic and astrocytic progenitors that are transcriptomically similar but distinct to SVZ neural stem cells (NSCs). Furthermore, NSCs from the SVZ of patients with glioblastoma harbored glioblastoma chromosomal anomalies. Lastly, mesenchymal cancer cells and TME reactive astrocytes shared similar gene signatures which were induced by radiotherapy in a myeloid-dependent fashion in vivo.</AbstractText>These data reveal the dynamic, immune-dependent nature of glioblastoma's response to treatments and identify distant NSCs as likely cells of origin.</AbstractText>© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,082 | Technical case report: intractable focal seizures related to bifrontal transmantle heterotopia subserving peculiar homotopic motor distribution treated by responsive neurostimulation therapy. | NeuroPace responsive neurostimulation (RNS<sup>®</sup>) therapy was used in a case of intractable focal epilepsy with bifrontal transmantle heterotopia subserving peculiar homotopic motor distribution in a 16-year-old, right-handed male with intractable seizures. Brain MRI demonstrated bifrontal transmantle heterotopia extending from the central sulcus to subjacent lateral ventricles along with polymicrogyria along the overlying cortex suspected to be the motor cortex. Functional MRI demonstrated homotopic distribution of finger and foot motor function (deeper) within the polymicrogyria. Invasive intracranial monitoring with depth electrodes and extraoperative brain mapping revealed eloquent cortical tissue which corresponded to the right leg and right shoulder motor function. |
2,330,083 | Loss of corneal nerves and brain volume in mild cognitive impairment and dementia. | This study compared the capability of corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain volumetry for the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.</AbstractText>In this cross-sectional study, participants with no cognitive impairment (NCI), MCI, and dementia underwent assessment of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), MRI brain volumetry, and CCM.</AbstractText>Two hundred eight participants with NCI (n = 42), MCI (n = 98), and dementia (n = 68) of comparable age and gender were studied. For MCI, the area under the curve (AUC) of CCM (76% to 81%), was higher than brain volumetry (52% to 70%). For dementia, the AUC of CCM (77% to 85%), was comparable to brain volumetry (69% to 93%). Corneal nerve fiber density, length, branch density, whole brain, hippocampus, cortical gray matter, thalamus, amygdala, and ventricle volumes were associated with cognitive impairment after adjustment for confounders (All P</i>'s < .01).</AbstractText>The diagnostic capability of CCM compared to brain volumetry is higher for identifying MCI and comparable for dementia, and abnormalities in both modalities are associated with cognitive impairment.</AbstractText>© 2022 The Authors. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,084 | Stress pulmonary circulation parameters assessed by a cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients after a heart transplant. | Rest pulmonary circulation parameters such as pulmonary transit time (PTT), heart rate corrected PTT (PTTc) and pulmonary transit beats (PTB) can be evaluated using several methods, including the first-pass perfusion from cardiovascular magnetic resonance. As previously published, up to 58% of patients after HTx have diastolic dysfunction detectable only in stress conditions. By using adenosine stress perfusion images, stress analogues of the mentioned parameters can be assessed. By dividing stress to rest biomarkers, potential new ratio parameters (PTT ratio and PTTc ratio) can be obtained. The objectives were to (1) provide more evidence about stress pulmonary circulation biomarkers, (2) present stress to rest ratio parameters, and (3) assess these biomarkers in patients with presumed diastolic dysfunction after heart transplant (HTx) and in childhood cancer survivors (CCS) without any signs of diastolic dysfunction. In this retrospective study, 48 patients after HTx, divided into subgroups based on echocardiographic signs of diastolic dysfunction (41 without, 7 with) and 39 CCS were enrolled. PTT was defined as the difference between the onset time of the signal intensity increase in the left and the right ventricle. PTT in rest conditions were without significant differences when comparing the CCS and HTx subgroup without diastolic dysfunction (4.96 ± 0.93 s vs. 5.51 ± 1.14 s, p = 0.063) or with diastolic dysfunction (4.96 ± 0.93 s vs. 6.04 ± 1.13 s, p = 0.13). However, in stress conditions, both PTT and PTTc were significantly lower in the CCS group than in the HTx subgroups, (PTT: 3.76 ± 0.78 s vs. 4.82 ± 1.03 s, p < 0.001; 5.52 ± 1.56 s, p = 0.002). PTT ratio and PTTc ratio were below 1 in all groups. In conclusion, stress pulmonary circulation parameters obtained from CMR showed prolonged PTT and PTTc in HTx groups compared to CCS, which corresponds with the presumption of underlying diastolic dysfunction. The ratio parameters were less than 1. |
2,330,085 | Role of SPAK-NKCC1 signaling cascade in the choroid plexus blood-CSF barrier damage after stroke. | The mechanisms underlying dysfunction of choroid plexus (ChP) blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier and lymphocyte invasion in neuroinflammatory responses to stroke are not well understood. In this study, we investigated whether stroke damaged the blood-CSF barrier integrity due to dysregulation of major ChP ion transport system, Na+</sup>-K+</sup>-Cl-</sup> cotransporter 1 (NKCC1), and regulatory Ste20-related proline-alanine-rich kinase (SPAK).</AbstractText>Sham or ischemic stroke was induced in C57Bl/6J mice. Changes on the SPAK-NKCC1 complex and tight junction proteins (TJs) in the ChP were quantified by immunofluorescence staining and immunoblotting. Immune cell infiltration in the ChP was assessed by flow cytometry and immunostaining. Cultured ChP epithelium cells (CPECs) and cortical neurons were used to evaluate H2</sub>O2</sub>-mediated oxidative stress in stimulating the SPAK-NKCC1 complex and cellular damage. In vivo or in vitro pharmacological blockade of the ChP SPAK-NKCC1 cascade with SPAK inhibitor ZT-1a or NKCC1 inhibitor bumetanide were examined.</AbstractText>Ischemic stroke stimulated activation of the CPECs apical membrane SPAK-NKCC1 complex, NF-κB, and MMP9, which was associated with loss of the blood-CSF barrier integrity and increased immune cell infiltration into the ChP. Oxidative stress directly activated the SPAK-NKCC1 pathway and resulted in apoptosis, neurodegeneration, and NKCC1-mediated ion influx. Pharmacological blockade of the SPAK-NKCC1 pathway protected the ChP barrier integrity, attenuated ChP immune cell infiltration or neuronal death.</AbstractText>Stroke-induced pathological stimulation of the SPAK-NKCC1 cascade caused CPECs damage and disruption of TJs at the blood-CSF barrier. The ChP SPAK-NKCC1 complex emerged as a therapeutic target for attenuating ChP dysfunction and lymphocyte invasion after stroke.</AbstractText>© 2022. The Author(s).</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,086 | Diffusion tensor tractography of the fornix in cerebral amyloid angiopathy, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. | Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a common neuropathological finding and clinical entity that occurs independently and with co-existent Alzheimer's disease (AD) and small vessel disease. We compared diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics of the fornix, the primary efferent tract of the hippocampus between CAA, AD and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and healthy controls.</AbstractText>Sixty-eight healthy controls, 32 CAA, 21 AD, and 26 MCI patients were recruited at two centers. Diffusion tensor images were acquired at 3 T with high spatial resolution and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) to suppress cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and minimize partial volume effects on the fornix. The fornix was delineated with deterministic tractography to yield mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AXD), radial diffusivity (RD), fractional anisotropy (FA) and tract volume. Volumetric measurements of the hippocampus, thalamus, and lateral ventricles were obtained using T1-weighted MRI.</AbstractText>Diffusivity (MD, AXD, and RD) of the fornix was highest in AD followed by CAA compared to controls; the MCI group was not significantly different from controls. FA was similar between groups. Fornix tract volume was ∼ 30% lower for all three patient groups compared to controls, but not significantly different between the patient groups. Thalamic and hippocampal volumes were preserved in CAA, but lower in AD and MCI compared to controls. Lateral ventricular volumes were increased in CAA, AD and MCI. Global cognition, memory, and executive function all correlated negatively with fornix diffusivity across the combined clinical group.</AbstractText>There were significant diffusion changes of the fornix in CAA, AD and MCI compared to controls, despite relatively intact thalamic and hippocampal volumes in CAA, suggesting the mechanisms for fornix diffusion abnormalities may differ in CAA compared to AD and MCI.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,087 | The effect of prolonged spaceflight on cerebrospinal fluid and perivascular spaces of astronauts and cosmonauts. | Long-duration spaceflight induces changes to the brain and cerebrospinal fluid compartments and visual acuity problems known as spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS). The clinical relevance of these changes and whether they equally affect crews of different space agencies remain unknown. We used MRI to analyze the alterations occurring in the perivascular spaces (PVS) in NASA and European Space Agency astronauts and Roscosmos cosmonauts after a 6-mo spaceflight on the International Space Station (ISS). We found increased volume of basal ganglia PVS and white matter PVS (WM-PVS) after spaceflight, which was more prominent in the NASA crew than the Roscosmos crew. Moreover, both crews demonstrated a similar degree of lateral ventricle enlargement and decreased subarachnoid space at the vertex, which was correlated with WM-PVS enlargement. As all crews experienced the same environment aboard the ISS, the differences in WM-PVS enlargement may have been due to, among other factors, differences in the use of countermeasures and high-resistive exercise regimes, which can influence brain fluid redistribution. Moreover, NASA astronauts who developed SANS had greater pre- and postflight WM-PVS volumes than those unaffected. These results provide evidence for a potential link between WM-PVS fluid and SANS. |
2,330,088 | Anatomy of the heart of the leatherback turtle. | Non-crocodylian reptiles have hearts with a single ventricle, which is partially separated by a muscular ridge that provides some separation of blood flows. An exceptional situation exists in monitor lizards and pythons, where the ventricular left side generates a much higher systolic blood pressure than the right side, thus resembling mammals and birds. This functional division of the ventricle depends on a large muscular ridge and may relate to high metabolic demand. The large leatherback turtle (<1000 kg), with its extensive migrations and elevated body temperatures, may have similar adaptations. We report on the anatomy of the hearts of two leatherback turtles. One stranded in Ballum, Denmark in 2020, and was examined in detail, supplemented by observations and photos of an additional stranding specimen from Canada. The external morphology of the leatherback heart resembles that of other turtles, but it is large. We made morphometric measurements of the Ballum heart and created an interactive 3D model using high-resolution MRI. The volume of the ventricle was 950 ml, from a turtle of 300 kg, which is proportionally almost twice as large as in other reptiles. The Ballum heart was compared to MRI scans of the hearts of a tortoise, a python, and a monitor lizard. Internally, the leatherback heart is typical of non-crocodylian reptiles and did not contain the well-developed septation found in pythons and monitor lizards. We conclude that if leatherback turtles have exceptional circulation needs, they are sustained with a relatively large but otherwise typical non-crocodylian reptile heart. |
2,330,089 | Evaluation of Blood-CSF Barrier Transport by Quantitative Real Time Fluorescence Microscopy. | Transporters at the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier (BCSFB) play active roles in removing drugs and toxins from the CSF. The goal of this study is to develop a fluorescence microscopy approach to quantitatively study the transepithelial transport processes at the murine BCSFB in real time.</AbstractText>Choroid plexus (CP) tissues were isolated from mouse lateral ventricles and incubated with anionic (fluorescein-methotrexate, 8-fluorescein-cAMP) or cationic (IDT307) fluorescent probes. The CSF-to-blood transport was imaged and quantified using compartmental segmentation and digital image analysis. Real time images were captured and analyzed to obtain kinetic information and identify the rate-limiting step. The effect of transporter inhibitors was also evaluated.</AbstractText>The transport processes of fluorescent probes can be captured and analyzed digitally. The intra- and inter- animal variability were 20.4% and 25.7%, respectively. Real time analysis showed distinct transport kinetics and rate-limiting step for anionic and cationic probes. A CP efflux index was proposed to distinguish between transepithelial flux and intracellular accumulation. Rifampin and MK571 decreased the overall transepithelial transport of anionic probes by more than 90%, indicating a possible involvement of organic anion transporting polypeptides (Oatps) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (Mrps).</AbstractText>A CP isolation method was described, and a quantitative fluorescence imaging approach was developed to evaluate CSF-to-blood transport in mouse CP. The method is consistent, reproducible, and capable of tracking real time transepithelial transport with temporal and spatial resolution. The approach can be used to evaluate transport mechanisms, assess tissue drug accumulation, and assay potential drug-drug interactions at the BCSFB.</AbstractText>© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,090 | Endoscopic ultrasonic aspiration as alternative to more invasive surgery in initial management of optic pathway gliomas in children. | Optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) presenting with acute hydrocephalus represent a true neurosurgical and neurooncological challenge. Two main strategies are currently used: microsurgical removal of the tumor, restoring CSF pathways, and endoscopic biopsy associated with ventriculo-peritoneal shunt implantation. Since the availability of an ultrasonic aspirator handpiece, that can be used inside the working channel of a neuroendoscope, a different less invasive surgical strategy can be used.</AbstractText>Four pediatric patients were treated by endoscopic ultrasonic aspiration, in order to remove the upper pole of the tumor, obtaining tissue for diagnosis and restoring CSF pathways as initial treatment of OPG invading the third ventricle and causing hydrocephalus due to simultaneous blockage of both Monro foramina and of the Sylvian aqueduct. Surgical technique is described. Pre-operative and post-operative volumes were calculated on magnetic resonance imaging.</AbstractText>In all cases, the surgical procedure was uneventful, the biopsy was diagnostic, and CSF pathways were restored. The amount of tumor removed ranged between 31 and 76%. All patients underwent oncological treatment of their tumors. One patient received V-P shunt only 1 year after endoscopic decompression due to tumor progression.</AbstractText>Our preliminary results show that the use of endoscopic cavitron aspirator is safe and effective to obtain CSF flow restoration and tumor biopsy (for histological and molecular purposes), avoiding CSF shunt implant in the acute phase and offering the chance to obtain a consistent tumor debulking in a minimally invasive fashion. Neuroendoscopic approach together with modern target therapy offers the opportunity to avoid or delay major surgery.</AbstractText>© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,091 | Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection syndrome: a known entity in an unknown provenance. | A 49-year-old man was admitted with altered mental status, high-grade fevers, tachycardia and leucocytosis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was purulent with a markedly elevated nucleated cell count with neutrophilic predominance, elevated protein and low glucose. CSF gram stain was negative. Patient received vancomycin, cefepime, ampicillin and acyclovir for presumed meningitis. He was intubated for protection of airway and underwent bronchoscopy. Microscopic examination of the bronchoalveolar lavage noted Strongyloides filariform larvae. Ivermectin was prescribed. Other laboratory tests showed a positive HIV test associated with a low CD4 count. Stool ova and parasite also revealed Strongyloides and repeat lumbar puncture identified larvae in the CSF. Albendazole was added for adjunctive therapy. However, the patient suffered a large intraparenchymal haemorrhage extending into the ventricles and he expired 36 days after admission. |
2,330,092 | Calceolarioside A, a Phenylpropanoid Glycoside from <i>Calceolaria</i> spp., Displays Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. | Phenylpropanoid glycosides are a class of natural substances of plant origin with interesting biological activities and pharmacological properties. This study reports the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of calceolarioside A, a phenylpropanoid glycoside previously isolated from various Calceolaria species. In models of acute nociception induced by thermal stimuli, such as the hot plate and tail flick test, calceolarioside administered at doses of 1, 5, and 10 μg in the left cerebral ventricles did not modify the behavioral response of mice. In an inflammatory based persistent pain model as the formalin test, calceolarioside A at the high dose tested (100 μg/paw) reduced the licking activity induced by formalin by 35% in the first phase and by 75% in the second phase of the test. In carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia, calceolarioside A (50 and 100 μg/paw) was able to significantly reverse thermal hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan. The anti-inflammatory activity of calceolarioside A was then assessed using the zymosan-induced paw edema model. Calceolarioside A (50 and 100 μg/paw) induced a significant reduction in the edema from 1 to 4 h after zymosan administration. Measuring IL-6, TNFα, and IL-1β pro-inflammatory cytokines released from LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells, calceolarioside A in a concentration-dependent manner reduced the release of these cytokines from THP-1 cells. Taken together, our results highlight, for the first time, the potential and selective anti-inflammatory properties of this natural-derived compound, prompting its rationale use for further investigations. |
2,330,093 | Cerebrospinal Fluid Homeostasis and Hydrodynamics: A Review of Facts and Theories. | According to the classical hypothesis, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is actively secreted inside the brain's ventricular system, predominantly by the choroid plexuses, before flowing unidirectionally in a cranio-caudal orientation toward the arachnoid granulations (AGs), where it is reabsorbed into the dural venous sinuses. This concept has been accepted as a doctrine for more than 100 years and was subjected only to minor modifications. Its inability to provide an adequate explanation to questions arising from the everyday clinical practice, in addition to the ever growing pool of experimental data contradicting it, has led to the identification of its limitations. Literature includes an increasing number of studies suggesting a more complex mechanism than that previously described. This review article summarizes the proposed mechanisms of CSF regulation, referring to the key clinical and experimental developments supporting or defying them.</AbstractText>A non-systematical literature search of the major databases was performed for studies on the mechanisms of CSF homeostasis. Gray literature was additionally assessed employing a hand-search technique. No restrictions were imposed regarding the time, language, or type of publication.</AbstractText>CSF secretion and absorption are expected to take place throughout the entire brain's capillaries network under the regulation of hydrostatic and osmotic gradients. The unidirectional flow is defied, highlighting the possibility of its complete absence. The importance of AGs is brought into question, potentiating the significance of the lymphatic system as the primary site of reabsorption. However, the definition of hydrocephalus and its treatment strategies remain strongly associated with the classical hypothesis.</AbstractText>© 2022 S. Karger AG, Basel.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,094 | B lymphocytes subpopulations are associated with cardiac remodeling in elderly patients with advanced chronic kidney disease.<Pagination><StartPage>111805</StartPage><MedlinePgn>111805</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.exger.2022.111805</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0531-5565(22)00113-9</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="AIM">Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is independently associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential roles of B lymphocyte populations with cardiac remodeling in elderly patients with advanced CKD.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS">We designed a retrospective study in a cohort of 167 patients (84 advanced CKD patients with stage 4-5 and 83 non-CKD controls). B cell subsets: CD19(+)CD5(+) and CD19(+)CD5(-) B cells were identified by flow cytometry. Correlation of B cells subsets with cardiac remodeling and clinical data in elderly CKD patients were analyzed.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS">In this study, we found that the prevalence of hypertension was more common in CKD patients than in the control subjects (P < 0.05). Spearman's analysis showed that CD19(+)CD5(+) B cells were negatively correlated with high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), serum creatinine (SCr), pro-brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP), high-sensitivity troponin T (TNT-hs), left ventricle end-diastolic dimension (LVDD), left ventricle end-systolic dimension (LVSD) and left ventricular mass (LVM), and CD19(+)CD5(-) B cells were negatively correlated with β2-MG, SCr, pro-BNP and TNT-hs (P < 0.05). In contrary, left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF) was positively correlated with CD19(+)CD5(+) and CD19(+)CD5(-) B cells (P < 0.05). In addition, patients with higher levels of CD19(+)CD5(+) B cells exhibited lower level of pro-BNP, TNT-hs, interventricular septum (IVS), LVSD and LVM (P < 0.05). Higher levels of CD19(+)CD5(-) B cells also presented lower levels of pro-BNP, TNT-hs and LVSD, but higher levels of LVEF (P < 0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that patients with higher levels of LVSD, lower CD19(+)CD5(+)and CD19(+)CD5(-) B cells counts have a higher risk of all-cause mortality (P < 0.05).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS">Our results showed that CD19(+)CD5(+) and CD19(+)CD5(-) B lymphocytes were negatively correlated with ventricular hypertrophy-related echocardiographic parameters in advanced CKD patients, which indicated that B lymphocytes might be involved in pathogenesis and improve cardiac remodeling in CKD patients.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lin</LastName><ForeName>Jieshan</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Center, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan 528403, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tang</LastName><ForeName>Bin</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Center, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan 528403, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>He</LastName><ForeName>Ganyuan</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou 510080, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Feng</LastName><ForeName>Zhanwu</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Ultrasound, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hao</LastName><ForeName>Wenke</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou 510080, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hu</LastName><ForeName>Wenxue</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou 510080, China. Electronic address: wuleihu@126.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2022</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>08</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Exp Gerontol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0047061</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0531-5565</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D015415">Biomarkers</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>114471-18-0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D020097">Natriuretic Peptide, Brain</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016175" MajorTopicYN="Y">B-Lymphocyte Subsets</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015415" MajorTopicYN="N">Biomarkers</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004452" MajorTopicYN="N">Echocardiography</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D020097" MajorTopicYN="N">Natriuretic Peptide, Brain</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051436" MajorTopicYN="Y">Renal Insufficiency, Chronic</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000150" MajorTopicYN="N">complications</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012189" MajorTopicYN="N">Retrospective Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D020257" MajorTopicYN="N">Ventricular Remodeling</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">B cells</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Cardiac remodeling</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Chronic kidney disease</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Elderly</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2022</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>27</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2022</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>3</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2022</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>5</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2022</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>12</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2022</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>4</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2022</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>11</Day><Hour>20</Hour><Minute>11</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">35405247</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.exger.2022.111805</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0531-5565(22)00113-9</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">35405032</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2022</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>11</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2053-1095</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><PubDate><Year>2022</Year><Month>Apr</Month><Day>11</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Veterinary medicine and science</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Vet Med Sci</ISOAbbreviation></Journal>Effect of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) extract in antioxidant status and intestinal morphology of pulmonary hypertensive chickens. | Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is independently associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential roles of B lymphocyte populations with cardiac remodeling in elderly patients with advanced CKD.</AbstractText>We designed a retrospective study in a cohort of 167 patients (84 advanced CKD patients with stage 4-5 and 83 non-CKD controls). B cell subsets: CD19(+)CD5(+) and CD19(+)CD5(-) B cells were identified by flow cytometry. Correlation of B cells subsets with cardiac remodeling and clinical data in elderly CKD patients were analyzed.</AbstractText>In this study, we found that the prevalence of hypertension was more common in CKD patients than in the control subjects (P < 0.05). Spearman's analysis showed that CD19(+)CD5(+) B cells were negatively correlated with high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), serum creatinine (SCr), pro-brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP), high-sensitivity troponin T (TNT-hs), left ventricle end-diastolic dimension (LVDD), left ventricle end-systolic dimension (LVSD) and left ventricular mass (LVM), and CD19(+)CD5(-) B cells were negatively correlated with β2-MG, SCr, pro-BNP and TNT-hs (P < 0.05). In contrary, left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF) was positively correlated with CD19(+)CD5(+) and CD19(+)CD5(-) B cells (P < 0.05). In addition, patients with higher levels of CD19(+)CD5(+) B cells exhibited lower level of pro-BNP, TNT-hs, interventricular septum (IVS), LVSD and LVM (P < 0.05). Higher levels of CD19(+)CD5(-) B cells also presented lower levels of pro-BNP, TNT-hs and LVSD, but higher levels of LVEF (P < 0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that patients with higher levels of LVSD, lower CD19(+)CD5(+)and CD19(+)CD5(-) B cells counts have a higher risk of all-cause mortality (P < 0.05).</AbstractText>Our results showed that CD19(+)CD5(+) and CD19(+)CD5(-) B lymphocytes were negatively correlated with ventricular hypertrophy-related echocardiographic parameters in advanced CKD patients, which indicated that B lymphocytes might be involved in pathogenesis and improve cardiac remodeling in CKD patients.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,095 | Real-time imaging of respiratory effects on cerebrospinal fluid flow in small diameter passageways. | Respiration-related CSF flow through the cerebral aqueduct may be useful for elucidating physiology and pathophysiology of the glymphatic system, which has been proposed as a mechanism of brain waste clearance. Therefore, we aimed to (1) develop a real-time (CSF) flow imaging method with high spatial and sufficient temporal resolution to capture respiratory effects, (2) validate the method in a phantom setup and numerical simulations, and (3) apply the method in vivo and quantify its repeatability and correlation with different respiratory conditions.</AbstractText>A golden-angle radial flow sequence (reconstructed temporal resolution 168 ms, spatial resolution 0.6 mm) was implemented on a 7T MRI scanner and reconstructed using compressed sensing. A phantom setup mimicked simultaneous cardiac and respiratory flow oscillations. The effect of temporal resolution and vessel diameter was investigated numerically. Healthy volunteers (n = 10) were scanned at four different respiratory conditions, including repeat scans.</AbstractText>Phantom data show that the developed sequence accurately quantifies respiratory oscillations (ratio real-time/reference QR</sub>  = 0.96 ± 0.02), but underestimates the rapid cardiac oscillations (ratio QC</sub>  = 0.46 ± 0.14). Simulations suggest that QC</sub> can be improved by increasing temporal resolution. In vivo repeatability was moderate to very strong for cranial and caudal flow (intraclass correlation coefficient range: 0.55-0.99) and weak to strong for net flow (intraclass correlation coefficient range: 0.48-0.90). Net flow was influenced by respiratory condition (p < 0.01).</AbstractText>The presented real-time flow MRI method can quantify respiratory-related variations of CSF flow in the cerebral aqueduct, but it underestimates rapid cardiac oscillations. In vivo, the method showed good repeatability and a relationship between flow and respiration.</AbstractText>© 2022 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,096 | Olfactory Dysfunction Reflects Disease Progression in Japanese Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. | Objective Olfactory dysfunction is an important clinical feature in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The incidence and extent of olfactory dysfunction are reportedly higher in secondary progressive (SP) MS than in relapsing and remitting (RR) MS. We investigated the use of olfactory dysfunction for evaluating the disease status of Japanese patients with MS. Methods Olfactory identification was evaluated using the Odor Stick Identification Test for the Japanese (OSIT-J) in patients with RRMS (n=40) and SPMS (n=11) and compared the findings with those of healthy controls (n=40). Patients with RRMS for more than 10 years (L-RRMS, n=10) were included in the RRMS group. The cognitive function was evaluated using the Japanese version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 3rd edition. The third ventricle width (3rd VW) was measured as a marker of central brain atrophy using magnetic resonance imaging. Results SPMS patients had significantly lower OSIT-J scores than RRMS and L-RRMS patients. More SPMS patients had OSIT-J scores below the lower limit of the normal score (LLN) than RRMS patients. The LLN effectively discriminated between RRMS and SPMS (sensitivity 70%, specificity 91.5%, area under the curve 0.933, 95% confidence interval 0.874-1.000). Patients with SPMS had a significantly lower processing speed and larger 3rd VW than those with RRMS or L-RRMS. Conclusion The olfactory dysfunction was worse, along with cognitive impairment and brain atrophy, in SPMS patients than in RRMS patients, independent of disease duration, in our Japanese population. This directly reflected the disease progression and may have been able to distinguish SPMS from RRMS, independent of ethnic and cultural background. |
2,330,097 | [Treatment for Hydrocephalus Caused by Intraventricular Tumors]. | Intraventricular tumors often cause hydrocephalus because their location in the ventricles affect cerebrospinal fluid circulation. Even small tumors can lead to acute hydrocephalus when they block the cerebrospinal fluid flow. They may also be found as large tumors occurring in large spaces, such as in lateral ventricles. Since various histological tumors occur in ventricles, it is important to consider the treatment strategy according to the expected histological type before treating hydrocephalus in the early stage. In addition, it is beneficial to predict and evaluate the site and size of the tumor, the cause of hydrocephalus, and the effect of postoperative chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Some tumors are sensitive to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, so there is an advantage in performing a biopsy at the same time as hydrocephalus treatment. Ventricular drainage and ventricular peritoneal shunts for patients with high intracranial pressure are at risk of developing ascending hernias, so we should be careful with the procedure. |
2,330,098 | [Long-Term Complications and Treatment in Patients with Ventriculo-Peritoneal Shunt Surgery]. | The purpose of treatment hydrocephalus is to maintain intracranial pressure, as well as to create a favorable psychomotor developmental environment, particularly in pediatric cases. Various complications associated with shunt surgery require long-term care. When a shunt is performed for neonates and infants with hydrocephalus, proper management is required thereafter during whole their life. The most common complication that can occur as a result of shunt surgery is obstruction of the ventricular catheter. Ventricular catheter obstruction can be avoided by placing that the tip of the catheter is placed in an appropriate position. A further measure would include preventing the ventricular catheter from being pulled out as the skull expands. The next common complication is obstruction of the peritoneal catheter. The risk of occlusion can be reduced by making that the tip of the peritoneal catheter is open-ended as opposed to having side slits. Isolated ventricles and slit ventricle syndrome are peculiar shunt-related conditions that are difficult to treat. When shunt dysfunction occurs, hydrocephalus can progress slowly, but in many cases the patient's condition deteriorates rapidly and requires immediate medical intervention. Recently, neuroendoscopic surgery has been actively performed for cases of shunt dysfunction and prophylactic replacement of peritoneal catheters, and attempts have been made to remove the shunt device. Shunt infection is another troublesome complication in the management of hydrocephalus and has not yet been resolved. However, if all staff involved in shunt surgery have a common understanding and adopt fixed protocols related to preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative management, the incidence of infection can be significantly reduced. Furthermore, the development of new and improved catheters may also contribute to a reduction in shunt infection. Neurosurgeons should be cognizant that a delay in the diagnosis and treatment of shunt-related complications in patients with hydrocephalus could result in death. Shunt surgery for the treatment of pediatric hydrocephalus is merely the beginning, as neurosurgeons must be responsible for management until the child reaches adulthood. |
2,330,099 | [Characteristics and Treatment of Young Adult-Onset Hydrocephalus]. | Certain congenital or developmental anomalies of adult-onset hydrocephalus often share clinical symptoms with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus(iNPH). These anomalies include long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults(LOVA), persistent Break's pouch cyst(PBC)and panventriculomegaly(PaVM). Certain patients with adult-onset hydrocephalus might have congenital or secondary etiologies, such as late-onset idiopathic aqueductal stenosis(LIAS), and syndrome of hydrocephalus in young and middle-aged adults(SHYMA). Some of these conditions have unknown etiologies, and the definitions of LOVA differ between Japan and overseas. Adult-onset hydrocephalus usually presents with chronic onset, with younger patients tending to have headaches and older patients tending to have iNPH symptoms. In cases where the third ventricle floor bulging, endoscopic third ventriculostomy(ETV)is often performed. However, the arachnoid membrane of the pontine cistern might be strong, and the brain stem might be shifted to the clivus due to the enlarged fourth ventricle. For treating such patients, experienced hands might be needed. At present, it is necessary to carefully examine the cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in each patient and select the best test and treatment. |
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