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2,330,400 | Ependymoma associated protein Zfta is expressed in immature ependymal cells but is not essential for ependymal development in mice. | The fusion protein of uncharacterised zinc finger translocation associated (ZFTA) and effector transcription factor of tumorigenic NF-κB signalling, RELA (ZFTA-RELA), is expressed in more than two-thirds of supratentorial ependymoma (ST-EPN-RELA), but ZFTA's expression profile and functional analysis in multiciliated ependymal (E1) cells have not been examined. Here, we showed the mRNA expression of mouse Zfta peaks on embryonic day (E) 17.5 in the wholemount of the lateral walls of the lateral ventricle. Zfta was expressed in the nuclei of FoxJ1-positive immature E1 (pre-E1) cells in E18.5 mouse embryonic brain. Interestingly, the transcription factors promoting ciliogenesis (ciliary TFs) (e.g., multicilin) and ZFTA-RELA upregulated luciferase activity using a 5' upstream sequence of ZFTA in cultured cells. Zfta<sup>tm1/tm1</sup> knock-in mice did not show developmental defects or abnormal fertility. In the Zfta<sup>tm1/tm1</sup> E1 cells, morphology, gene expression, ciliary beating frequency and ependymal flow were unaffected. These results suggest that Zfta is expressed in pre-E1 cells, possibly under the control of ciliary TFs, but is not essential for ependymal development or flow. This study sheds light on the mechanism of the ZFTA-RELA expression in the pathogenesis of ST-EPN-RELA: Ciliary TFs initiate ZFTA-RELA expression in pre-E1 cells, and ZFTA-RELA enhances its own expression using positive feedback. |
2,330,401 | Is Radiation-Induced Cardiac Toxicity Reversible? Prospective Evaluation of Patients With Breast Cancer Enrolled in a Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Trial. | Myocardial perfusion defects after breast radiation therapy (RT) correlate with volume of irradiated left ventricle (LV). We aimed to determine the relationship between myocardial perfusion, LV dosimetry, and grade ≥2 late cardiac events in patients with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant RT.</AbstractText>A randomized study evaluated the benefit of inverse-planned intensity modulated radiation therapy over forward-planned intensity modulated radiation therapy for radiation toxicity in breast cancer. A secondary endpoint was evaluating cardiac perfusion by single-photon emission computed tomography done at baseline, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 5 years post-RT. We used receiver operating curve and regression analysis to identify association between perfusion, radiation dose-volumes, and the risk of late cardiac events.</AbstractText>Of 181 patients who received adjuvant RT, 102 were patients with cancer in the left breast (called in this study the left-sided group) and 79 were patients with cancer in the right breast (called in this study the right-sided group). Median follow-up was 127 months (range, 19-160 months). A significant worsening of perfusion defects occurred after RT in the left-sided group, which improved by 1 year. Late cardiac events were found among 16 patients (17.2%) in the left-sided group and 4 patients (5.5%) in the right-sided group. Perfusion changes did not correlate with late cardiac events, but LV dose-volumes correlated with late cardiac events. Maintaining the LV volume receiving 5 Gy and 10 Gy to <42 cc and <38cc, respectively, can reduce the risk of radiation-related late cardiac events at 10 years to <5% over baseline.</AbstractText>RT was associated with short-term perfusion defects that improved within 1 year and was not correlated with late cardiac events. The ventricular volumes receiving 5 Gy and 10 Gy were correlated with late cardiac events.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,402 | Structural asymmetries in normal brain anatomy: A brief overview. | A fundamental feature in interpreting gross or neuroimaging brain anatomy is reliance on an assumed high degree of morphologic symmetry in bilateral hemispheres. However, the normal brain is not perfectly symmetrical, and subtle inherent structural asymmetries could potentially confound appreciation of pathology-induced asymmetry or how a given brain asymmetry can relate to its function.</AbstractText>We review the literature and provide a brief overview of structural asymmetries in normal brain anatomy.</AbstractText>Brain structural asymmetries are either rotational or pure right-left asymmetries, and many are a consequence of unique features linked to the use of human language. Yakovlevian torque is the tendency of the right hemisphere to rotate slightly forward relative to the left, which may make the right frontal lobe bigger and wider, and the left occipital lobe wider and protrude rightward. This makes the left Sylvian fissure longer and flatter, resulting in a larger planum temporale. We also discuss right-left asymmetries in the cortex, white matter structures, deep gray nuclei, and lateral ventricles. Brain asymmetries are not random but result from distinct patterns in structural design that confer evolutionary functional advantages.</AbstractText>Minor brain asymmetries are important and should be accounted for as they can be connected to function, and like individual variability, are essential for evolution. This overview will help understand structural brain asymmetries for improved diagnostic neuroimaging interpretation, constructing symmetry-based paradigms for automatic localization, segmentation of brain lesions, and as a reference for studies on possible implications of excessive asymmetry and altered laterality in cognitive, neurological, and psychiatric disorders.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2022 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,403 | Redefining tissue specificity of genetic regulation of gene expression in the presence of allelic heterogeneity. | Uncovering the functional impact of genetic variation on gene expression is important in understanding tissue biology and the pathogenesis of complex traits. Despite large efforts to map expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) across many human tissues, our ability to translate those findings to understanding human disease has been incomplete, and the majority of disease loci are not explained by association with expression of a target gene. Cell-type specificity and the presence of multiple independent causal variants for many eQTLs are potential confounders contributing to the apparent discrepancy with disease loci. In this study, we investigate the tissue specificity of genetic effects on gene expression and the overlap with disease loci while considering the presence of multiple causal variants within and across tissues. We find evidence of pervasive tissue specificity of eQTLs, often masked by linkage disequilibrium that misleads traditional meta-analytic approaches. We propose CAFEH (colocalization and fine-mapping in the presence of allelic heterogeneity), a Bayesian method that integrates genetic association data across multiple traits, incorporating linkage disequilibrium to identify causal variants. CAFEH outperforms previous approaches in colocalization and fine-mapping. Using CAFEH, we show that genes with highly tissue-specific genetic effects are under greater selection, enriched in differentiation and developmental processes, and more likely to be involved in human disease. Last, we demonstrate that CAFEH can efficiently leverage the widespread allelic heterogeneity in genetic regulation of gene expression to prioritize the target tissue in genome-wide association complex trait loci, thereby improving our ability to interpret complex trait genetics. |
2,330,404 | A simulation study to investigate the use of concentric tube robots for epilepsy surgery. | Patients with pharmacoresistant refractory epilepsy may require epilepsy surgery to prevent future seizure occurrences. Conventional surgery consists of a large craniotomy with straight rigid tools with associated outcomes of morbidity, large tissue resections, and long post-operative recovery times. Concentric tube robots have recently been developed as a promising application to neurosurgery due to their nonlinear form and small diameter. The authors present a concept study to explore the feasibility of performing minimally invasive hemispherotomy with concentric tube robots.</AbstractText>A model simulation was used to achieve the optimal design and surgical path planning parameters of the concentric tube robot for corpus callosotomy and temporal lobectomy. A single medial burr hole was chosen to access the lateral ventricles for both white matter disconnections.</AbstractText>The concentric tube robot was able to accurately reach the designated surgical paths on the corpus callosum and the temporal lobe.</AbstractText>In a model simulation, the authors demonstrated the feasibility of performing corpus callosotomy and temporal lobectomy using concentric tube robots. Further advancements in the technology may increase the applicability of this technique for epilepsy surgery to better patient outcomes.</AbstractText>© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,405 | Neuroendoscopic fenestration for intracranial unilocular cysts and isolated lateral ventricles: four pediatric cases. | The purpose of treatment for unilocular intracranial cysts (UICs) is to release elevated intracranial pressure. Neuroendoscopic fenestration (NF) is one of the most effective and minimally invasive options for treating UICs, especially in young children; however, the optimal location and number of fenestrations, the necessity of using endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in combination with fenestration, and the course of treatment are not well known. We retrospectively reviewed the hospital records between 2012 and 2019. The patients were studied in terms of sex, age at surgery, preoperative symptoms, cyst localization and size, course of treatment, ventricular diameter, developmental assessment, anatomical location, and the number of fenestrations. There were four eligible patients in the relevant period: two boys and two girls. The median age at the time of surgery was 16 months. With regard to the location of the cysts, there were two cases of cavum velum interpositum (CVI), one case of quadrigeminal cistern, and one case of an isolated lateral ventricle. The most common preoperative finding was an enlarged head circumference. All the patients were treated with NF, including one case of reoperation after open head surgery. Postoperatively, we used the frontal and occipital horn ratio (FOHR) to evaluate the ventricular size. The average reduction in the FOHR was 0.003. In the most recent developmental assessment or examination during the follow-up period, two patients showed normal development, and two patients showed developmental delay. Based on our past experience and reports, we believe that it is recommended to perform two fenestrations for a single cyst. This is because it creates a flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the cyst into normal CSF reflux. For lesions with obstruction of the aqueduct, such as cysts in the quadrigeminal cistern, ETV should be considered if it can be performed safely, in preparation for the worsening of hydrocephalus due to obstruction by enlargement of the cyst. |
2,330,406 | Relation between Oscillometric Measurement of Central Hemodynamics and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Hypertensive Patients. | The augmentation index (AIx) or central systolic blood pressure (SBP), measured by radial applanation tonometry, has been reported to be independently associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in Japanese hypertensive patients. Cuff-based oscillometric measurement of the AIx using Mobil-O-Graph® showed a low or moderate agreement with the AIx measurement with other devices.</AbstractText>The AIx measured using the Mobil-O-Graph was validated against the tonometric measurements of the radial AIx measured using HEM-9000AI in 110 normotensive healthy individuals (age, 21-76 years; 50 men). We investigated the relationship between the central hemodynamics assessed using the Mobil-O-Graph and LVH in 100 hypertensive patients (age, 54-75 years; 48 men), presenting a wall thickness of ≥11 mm and ≥10 mm in men and women, respectively.</AbstractText>Although the Mobil-O-Graph-measured central AIx showed no negative values, it correlated moderately with the HEM-9000AI-measured radial AIx (r</i> = 0.602, p</i> < 0.001) in the normotensive individuals. The hypertensive patients did not show a significant difference in the central SBP between the sexes, but the central AIx was lower in men than in women. The independent determinants influencing left ventricle (LV) mass index (LVMI) (R</i>2</sup> = 0.362; adjusted R</i>2</sup> = 0.329, p</i> < 0.001) were heart rate (β = -0.568 ± 0.149, p</i> < 0.001), central SBP (β = 0.290 ± 0.100, p</i> = 0.005), and aortic root diameter (β = 1.355 ± 0.344, p</i> = 0.001). Age (β = -0.025 ± 0.124, p</i> = 0.841) and the central AIx (β = 0.120 ± 0.131, p</i> = 0.361) were not independently associated with the LVMI. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the central AIx for the presence of LVH (LVMI >118 g/m2</sup> in men or >108 g/m2</sup> in women) was statistically significant in men (0.875, p</i> < 0.001) but not in women (0.622, p</i> = 0.132). In men, a central AIx of 28.06% had a sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 80.0% for detecting LVH.</AbstractText>AIx measurement in men provided useful prognostic information for the presence of LVH. Pulse-wave analysis assessed using the Mobil-O-Graph may be a valuable tool for detecting LVH in hypertensive patients.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2021 by S. Karger AG, Basel.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,407 | Test-retest repeatability and interobserver variation of healthy tissue metabolism using 18F-FDG PET/CT of the thorax among lung cancer patients.<Pagination><StartPage>549</StartPage><EndPage>559</EndPage><MedlinePgn>549-559</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1097/MNM.0000000000001537</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVES" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">The aim of this study was to assess the test-retest repeatability and interobserver variation in healthy tissue (HT) metabolism using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose (18F-FDG) PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) of the thorax in lung cancer patients.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">A retrospective analysis was conducted in 22 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who had two PET/CT scans of the thorax performed 3 days apart with no interval treatment. The maximum, mean and peak standardized uptake values (SUVs) in different HTs were measured by a single observer for the test-retest analysis and two observers for interobserver variation. Bland-Altman plots were used to assess the repeatability and interobserver variation. Intrasubject variability was evaluated using within-subject coefficients of variation (wCV).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">The wCV of test-retest SUVmean measurements in mediastinal blood pool, bone marrow, skeletal muscles and lungs was less than 20%. The left ventricle (LV) showed higher wCV (>60%) in all SUV parameters with wide limits of repeatability. High interobserver agreement was found with wCV of less than 10% in SUVmean of all HT, but up to 22% was noted in the LV.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">HT metabolism is stable in a test-retest scenario and has high interobserver agreement. SUVmean was the most stable metric in organs with low FDG uptake and SUVpeak in HTs with moderate uptake. Test-retest measurements in LV were highly variable irrespective of the SUV parameters used for measurements.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Malaih</LastName><ForeName>Afnan A</ForeName><Initials>AA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, PET Imaging Centre, St Thomas Hospital, King's College London, London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dunn</LastName><ForeName>Joel T</ForeName><Initials>JT</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, PET Imaging Centre, St Thomas Hospital, King's College London, London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nygård</LastName><ForeName>Lotte</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kovacs</LastName><ForeName>David G</ForeName><Initials>DG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Andersen</LastName><ForeName>Flemming L</ForeName><Initials>FL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Barrington</LastName><ForeName>Sally F</ForeName><Initials>SF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, PET Imaging Centre, St Thomas Hospital, King's College London, London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fischer</LastName><ForeName>Barbara M</ForeName><Initials>BM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, PET Imaging Centre, St Thomas Hospital, King's College London, London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><Acronym>WT_</Acronym><Agency>Wellcome Trust</Agency><Country>United Kingdom</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>203148</GrantID><Acronym>WT_</Acronym><Agency>Wellcome Trust</Agency><Country>United Kingdom</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Nucl Med Commun</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>8201017</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0143-3636</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D019275">Radiopharmaceuticals</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0Z5B2CJX4D</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D019788">Fluorodeoxyglucose F18</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002289" MajorTopicYN="Y">Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019788" MajorTopicYN="N">Fluorodeoxyglucose F18</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008175" MajorTopicYN="Y">Lung Neoplasms</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015588" MajorTopicYN="N">Observer Variation</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000072078" MajorTopicYN="N">Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="N">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D049268" MajorTopicYN="N">Positron-Emission Tomography</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="N">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019275" MajorTopicYN="N">Radiopharmaceuticals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015203" MajorTopicYN="N">Reproducibility of Results</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012189" MajorTopicYN="N">Retrospective Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013909" MajorTopicYN="N">Thorax</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><CoiStatement>
<b>Conflicts of interest</b>
. There are no conflicts of interest.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2022</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>27</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2022</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>13</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2022</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>26</Day><Hour>17</Hour><Minute>9</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">35081091</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="mid">EMS140744</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7612596</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1097/MNM.0000000000001537</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">00006231-202205000-00008</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Sarocchi M, Bauckneht M, Arboscello E, Capitanio S, Marini C, Morbelli S, et al. 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Mol Imaging Biol. 2007;9:83–90.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">17225983</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">35080740</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2022</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>26</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1557-1904</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><PubDate><Year>2022</Year><Month>Jan</Month><Day>26</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Neuroimmune Pharmacol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal>A direct interaction between RhoGDIα/Tau alleviates hyperphosphorylation of Tau in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. | RhoGDIα is an inhibitor of RhoGDP dissociation that involves in Aβ metabolism and NFTs production in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by regulating of RhoGTP enzyme activity. Our previous research revealed that RhoGDIα, as the target of Polygala saponin (Sen), might alleviate apoptosis of the nerve cells caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). To further clarify the role of RhoGDIα in the generation of NFTs, we explored the relationship between RhoGDIα and Tau. We found out that RhoGDIα and Tau can bind with each other and interact by using coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and GST pulldown methods in vitro. This RhoGDIα-Tau partnership was further verified by using immunofluorescence colocalization and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) approaches in PC12 cells. Using the RNA interference (RNAi) technique, we found that the RhoGDIα may be involved in an upstream signaling pathway for Tau. Subsequently, in Aβ<sub>25-35</sub>- and H/R-induced PC12 cells, forced expression of RhoGDIα via cDNA plasmid transfection was found to reduce the hyperphosphorylation of Tau, augment the expression of bcl-2 protein, and inhibit the expression of Bax protein (reducing the Bax/bcl-2 ratio) and the activity of caspase-3. In mouse AD and VaD models, forced expression of RhoGDIα via injection of a viral vector (pAAV-EGFP-RhoGDIα) into the lateral ventricle of the brain alleviated the pathological symptoms of AD and VaD. Finally, GST pulldown confirmed that the binding sites on RhoGDIα for Tau were located in the range of the ΔC33 fragment (aa 1-33). These results indicate that RhoGDIα is involved in the phosphorylation of Tau and apoptosis in AD and VaD. Overexpression of RhoGDIα can inhibit the generation of NFTs and delay the progress of these two types of dementia. |
2,330,408 | Transventricular Preforniceal Approach Combined with Endoscopic Transnasal Surgery for a Giant Pituitary Adenoma: A Case Report and Literature Review. | Giant pituitary adenomas carry significant surgical risks when treated with transsphenoidal approaches or the transcranial approach alone. Combined transsphenoidal and transcranial approaches have been reported; however, removing adenomas extending into the third ventricle may still be challenging. We report a case of giant pituitary adenoma expanding into the third ventricle, which was removed using a combined transventricular preforniceal approach and an endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (ETSS). A 41-year-old man with headache, nausea, and a 1-week history of a visual field defect was transferred to our hospital. He had a disturbed left visual acuity, right homonymous hemianopia, and choked disc in both eyes. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging revealed a giant pituitary adenoma with a maximum diameter of 55 mm extending from the intrasellar to the suprasellar region, thus occupying the entire third ventricle and causing hydrocephalus. The space between the anterior commissure and the fornix was expanded. The foramen of Monro was shifted backward due to compression by the tumor. He underwent maximum surgical resection using a combined transventricular preforniceal approach and ETSS. Considering technical demands and reliability, the intra- to suprasellar parts were removed by ETSS while the intraventricular part was removed through the preforniceal approach. The residual tumor in the right cavernous sinus and behind the anterior communicating artery was treated with stereotactic radiotherapy. One year after the operation, the patient leads an independent life. The combined technique of the preforniceal approach and ETSS provided a direct view of the entire third ventricle and hemostasis in the present case. |
2,330,409 | Choroid Plexus Papilloma in the Fourth Ventricle Associated with Pheochromocytoma: A Case Report. | We report for the first time a case of choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) of the fourth ventricle associated with adrenal pheochromocytoma. A large tumor was found in the fourth ventricle of a 24-year-old man who presented with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure due to obstructive hydrocephalus. A systemic search revealed that the patient also had an asymptomatic left adrenal tumor. Both tumors were resected. The pathological diagnosis of the brain tumor was CPP and that of the adrenal tumor was pheochromocytoma, both of which showed no pathological signs of malignancy. Genetic testing for von Hippel-Lindau disease was negative. There have been no reports of cases of CPP associated with pheochromocytoma. In this report, we discuss the relationship between both tumors. |
2,330,410 | Gelatin-thrombin Hemostatic Matrix-related Cyst Formation after Cerebral Hematoma Evacuation: A Report of Two Cases. | The gelatin-thrombin matrix, Floseal, is an excellent novel hemostatic agent that is used in various surgical fields. Thrombin is a serine protease, and the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin is an essential step in the coagulation cascade. However, thrombin can induce blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and vasogenic brain edema. This report describes two cases of gelatin-thrombin matrix-related cyst formation after cerebral hematoma evacuation. An 82-year-old man with a gelatin-thrombin matrix-related cyst was treated by cyst drainage and fenestration to the lateral ventricle. Histological evaluation of the cyst wall showed a gelatin-thrombin matrix reserve, marked infiltration of inflammatory cells, and foam cell accumulation. In addition, an 85-year-old woman with a gelatin-thrombin matrix-related cyst was treated with steroids and responded well. In both cases, the post-treatment course was uneventful. Cyst shrinkage and no recurrence were observed. The gelatin-thrombin matrix can cause cyst formation with brain edema. This is the first report demonstrating the cyst wall pathology and the steroid responsivity on cyst shrinkage. The mechanism of cyst formation is thought to be thrombin-induced BBB disruption. Excess gelatin-thrombin matrix should be carefully removed from the surgical beds, particularly those having a blinded space from the neurosurgical microscope. |
2,330,411 | Acute Occlusion of the Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Due to Factor XIII Deficiency-related Postoperative Hemorrhage: A Case Report. | Coagulation factor XIII (F13) deficiency has been known to be a rare disease with estimated one per two million and one of the possible reasons of postoperative hemorrhage; however, it still remains unpenetrated to physicians. We report a case of acute ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt dysfunction due to delayed intraventricular hemorrhage, which could be because of F13 deficiency. The patient was a 48-year-old man with a history of post-meningitis hydrocephalus followed by VP shunt placement. He was found unconscious and transferred to our hospital. A brain CT scan demonstrated shunt malfunction, and he underwent emergency shunt revision. The postoperative course was uneventful except for unexpected neck bruises and continuous minor bleeding from the surgical wound. Three days after surgery, he suddenly became comatose and a CT scan revealed the recurrence of hydrocephalus with newly identified small volume of intraventricular hemorrhage. Emergency shunt revision was performed again. The shunt valve was filled with a hematoma and bloody cerebrospinal fluid was drained from the ventricle. Postoperative blood sample examination demonstrated no abnormal findings but a decreased level of F13 activity, which was thought to be a possible cause of postoperative hemorrhage and the shunt valve hematoma. F13 deficiency causes delayed intracranial hemorrhage 24-48 h after neurological surgery. It can only be diagnosed by checking F13 activity with suspicion. If diagnosed accurately beforehand, unexpected postoperative bleeding can be preventable with proper treatment, such as F13 concentrate and cryoprecipitate. The actual number of the patient with F13 deficiency may be more than estimated ever. |
2,330,412 | Corpus Callosum Swelling after Resection of Intraventricular Central Neurocytoma. | Corpus callosum swelling has been reported to occur after ventriculoperitoneal shunting for long-standing hydrocephalus. This report presents a case of corpus callosum swelling after intraventricular tumor resection. A 34-year-old woman presented with a headache that worsened over 1 month. Magnetic resonance (MR) images revealed a mass lesion in the left lateral ventricle and obstructive hydrocephalus. She underwent subtotal resection with a transcallosal approach. After tumor resection, she had long-lasting status epilepticus followed by consciousness disturbance. T2-weighted MR images obtained 8 hr after the operation showed a hyperintense area in the corpus callosum. The patient then presented with bilateral dilated pupils 14 hr after the operation due to acute hydrocephalus and tension pneumocephalus. An emergent re-craniotomy was performed and a ventricular drain was placed. The patient recovered consciousness 3 days after the operation. However, she experienced progressive corpus callosum swelling 25 days after the operation, which improved since then. Approximately 4 months after the operation, she returned to her usual workplace with no neurocognitive functional decline. Two years later, she was doing well with no radiological abnormal findings except corpus callosum thinning. Thus, corpus callosum swelling can develop not only after shunting for chronic hydrocephalus but also after intraventricular tumor resection. It occurred relatively acutely and there was no decline in intelligence after long-term follow-up. This case suggests that corpus callosum swelling after intraventricular tumor resection is a rare but noteworthy complication that can improve without intervention. |
2,330,413 | Supratentorial Intraparenchymal Neurenteric Cyst Treated by Neuroendoscopic Fenestration: A Case Report and Review of Literature. | Neurenteric cysts (NCs) are rare benign congenital neoplasms in the central nervous system that originate from endodermal elements. NCs are more commonly located in the spine than in the brain. Although almost all intracranial NCs are found in the posterior fossa, some have reported supratentorial NCs. The complete excision of the cyst wall is suggested as a curative treatment; however, endoscopic treatment is less discussed. We present a supratentorial intraparenchymal NC in the frontal lobe treated by neuroendoscopic fenestration and review the literature regarding supratentorial NCs. A 43-year-old woman presenting with right hemiparesis and gait disturbance who was found to have a huge cystic lesion with calcification in her left frontal lobe underwent endoscopic fenestration to the ipsilateral lateral ventricle and biopsy. The histopathological diagnosis was consistent with NC. Postoperatively, her right hemiparesis and gait disturbance disappeared. Postoperative MRI showed shrinkage of the cyst. She was discharged without neurological deficits and no recurrence was seen 1 year after surgery. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports of a supratentorial intraparenchymal NC treated by neuroendoscopic fenestration. Minimally invasive treatments, such as neuroendoscopic cyst fenestration, can be considered depending on the location of the cyst. |
2,330,414 | A Case of Primary Leptomeningeal Lymphoma Presenting with Hydrocephalus Characterized by Disproportionately Large Fourth Ventricle. | Primary leptomeningeal malignant lymphoma (PLML) is a rare variant of primary central nerve system malignant lymphoma (PCNSL) which is restricted to leptomeninges. The lesions of PLML can often be detected as abnormal enhancement on the surface of central nervous system or the ventricular wall on magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) evaluation together with such MRI findings provides the definitive diagnosis of PLML. Here, we present a 45-year-old female case of PLML in which hydrocephalus with disproportionately large fourth ventricle was observed at presentation with gait instability. Head MRI revealed no abnormal enhancement and CSF cytology was negative, leaving the cause of hydrocephalus undetermined. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) was effectively performed for hydrocephalus and her symptoms disappeared. Nearly 2 years later, she was brought to emergent room due to unconsciousness with the recurrence of hydrocephalus. MRI showed expanded fourth ventricle and abnormal enhancement on the ventricular wall. The endoscopic surgery for improving CSF flow was successful and inflammatory change was endoscopically observed on the ventricular wall involving aqueduct. Pathological diagnosis of the specimen from the ventricular wall proved B-cell lymphoma. Because neither brain parenchymal masses nor systemic tumors were identified, she was diagnosed with PLML and treated by high-dose methotrexate. She was in a stable state 2 years after the diagnosis of PLML. We report and discuss the characteristics of this case. |
2,330,415 | Pediatric Giant Cell Glioblastoma Presenting with Intracranial Dissemination at Diagnosis: A Case Report. | Giant cell glioblastoma (GCG) is a rare subtype of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and it often occurs in younger patients; however, its onset in children is extremely noticeable. A 7-year-old girl presented with a headache and restlessness. A giant tumor that was 7 cm in diameter was found by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the left frontal lobe with intracranial dissemination. Because the tumor had extended to the lateral ventricles and occluded the foramen of Monro causing hydrocephalus, she underwent ventricular drainage and neuro-endoscopic biopsy from the left posterior horn of the lateral ventricle. The initial pathological diagnosis was an atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT). When the dissemination subsided after the first chemotherapy with vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide, she underwent the first tumor resection via a left frontal transcortical approach. After surgery, the second chemotherapy with ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide was not effective for the residual tumor and intracranial dissemination. The second surgery via a transcallosal approach achieved nearly total resection leading to an improvement of the hydrocephalus. The definitive pathological diagnosis was GCG. Despite chemo-radiation therapy, the dissemination in the basal cistern reappeared and the hydrocephalus worsened. She was obliged to receive a ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunt and palliative care at home; however, her poor condition prevented her discharge. Ten months after admission, she died of tumor progression. The peritoneal dissemination was demonstrated by cytology of ascites. In conclusion, although unusual, pediatric GCG may be disseminated at diagnosis, in which case both tumor and hydrocephalus control need to be considered. |
2,330,416 | Bilateral open lip schizencephaly. | Schizencephaly is a central nervous system (CNS) developmental disorder characterized by abnormal cleft extending from the lateral ventricles to the cerebral cortex. Clinically, it occurs as <i>trans</i>-mantle, closed lip and open lip types which may be unilateral or bilateral. The exact cause of schizencephaly is not known but genetic disorders, exposure to teratogens, viral infections and maternal age are implicated. We present a case of bilateral open lip schizencephaly with some degrees of neurological disorders caused by increased intra-cranial pressure (ICP) due to ventriculomegaly. We applied ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (V-P shunt) to the patient with considerable improvement after post-operative follow-up. |
2,330,417 | Two-dimensional measurements with cut-off values are useful for assessing brain volume, physical disability, and processing speed in multiple sclerosis. | Two-dimensional (2D) measures have been proposed as potential proxy measures for whole-brain volume in multiple sclerosis (MS); however, cut-off values that determine the degree of brain volume loss (BVL) have not been established. Since we had previously developed a system to categorize MS patients into clusters with significantly different degrees of BVL, we tried to identify cut-off values for 2D measurements that can discriminate MS patients on the basis of disease severity associated with brain atrophy.</AbstractText>In this cross-sectional analysis, ninety-one consecutive Japanese MS patients-clinically isolated syndrome (5%), relapsing-remitting MS (78%) and progressive MS (17%)-were categorized into two clusters (CL1 and CL2) with a significantly different degree of BVL using the method described in our previous study. MS patients were also evaluated for 2D measurements, namely, third ventricle width, lateral ventricle width (LVW), bicaudate ratio (BCR), and corpus callosum index (CCI). Thereafter, we performed receiver operating characteristic analysis to determine the cut-off values of the 2D measurements for categorizing the MS patients into two clusters.</AbstractText>We identified optimal cut-off values for each 2D measure with high specificity and sensitivity. The cut-off values for LVW, BCR, and CCI divided the MS patients into two subgroups, in which whole-brain and grey matter volume, EDSS, and processing speed were significantly different.</AbstractText>LVW, BCR, and CCI with particular cut-off values are useful to discriminate MS patients with decreased brain volume, physical disability, and processing speed.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,418 | Multifunctional elastomer cardiac patches for preventing left ventricle remodeling after myocardial infarction in vivo. | Myocardial infarction (MI) is still a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Elastomer cardiac patches have shown great potential in preventing left ventricle (LV) remodeling post-MI by providing mechanical support to the infarcted myocardium. Improved therapeutic outcomes are expected by mediating pathological processes in the necrosis phase, inflammation phase, and fibrosis phase, through orchestrated biological and mechanical treatments. In this study, a mechanically robust multifunctional cardiac patch integrating reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging, anti-inflammatory, and pro-angiogenic capabilities was developed to realize the integrative strategy. An elastomeric polyurethane (PFTU) containing ROS-sensitive poly (thioketal) (PTK) and unsaturated poly (propylene fumarate) (PPF) segments was synthesized, which was further clicked with pro-angiogenic Arg-Glu-Asp-Val (REDV) peptides to obtain PFTU-g-REDV (PR), and was formulated into a macroporous patch containing rosuvastatin (PRR). The mechanical support and multifunctional effects of the patch were confirmed in a rat MI model in vivo compared to the patches with only mechanical support, leading to reduced cell apoptosis, suppressed local inflammatory response, alleviated fibrosis, and induced angiogenesis. The cardiac functions and LV morphology were also well maintained. These results demonstrate the advantages of the integrated and orchestrated treatment strategy in MI therapy. |
2,330,419 | Serotonin-1A receptor activation in the median raphe nucleus improves response learning-based strategy in 192IgG saporin-induced cognitive impairments. | Deficits in the translation between egocentric-allocentric strategies may become another diagnostic mark for neurodegenerative disorders, especially Alzheimer's disease. Regarding the specific regional distribution of serotonin-1A receptor in brain areas mediating allocentric (externally-centered) spatial navigation to the escape location, here we studied the effects of median raphe nucleus serotonin-1A autoreceptors stimulation, [8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT); 4 μg/0.5 μl saline], of a selective cholinergic denervation by intracerebroventricular administration of the 192IgG saporin (1μl/each ventricle), on male Wistar rats search strategies in a Morris maze during acquisition, and before probe sessions. Despite some evidence of spatial hippocampal dependent knowledge to those PBS/Saline animals, their performance dropped to chance levels on probe trial. Therefore, we considered two probabilities and first analyzed the ability of the rats to make better use of one or more strategies. We showed statistically significant increases in the distances associated with egocentric (body-centered) non-spatial strategies, random searching in particular, in 192IgG/8OH rats, which led to their improved performance. Second, considering to what extent a shift in search strategy use improves performance indicated that 8-OH-DPAT alone did not affect learning since it appeared the related performance was impaired over days. However, the strategy choices made by 192IgG/8OH rats increased performance by more than 12% compared to 192IgG/Saline rats, an effect reversed with pre-treatment by serotonin-1A receptor antagonist, N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-(2-pyridinyl) cyclohexane-carboxamide (WAY 100635). The results strongly suggest the potential role of serotonergic system, via the serotonin-1A receptors, in spatial navigation. We argue that the receptors are of interest as therapeutic targets that can be used against age-related cognitive decline. |
2,330,420 | Cascaded Triplanar Autoencoder M-Net for Fully Automatic Segmentation of Left Ventricle Myocardial Scar From Three-Dimensional Late Gadolinium-Enhanced MR Images. | While three-dimensional (3D) late gadolinium-enhanced (LGE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging provides good conspicuity of small myocardial lesions with short acquisition time, it poses a challenge for image analysis as a large number of axial images are required to be segmented. We developed a fully automatic convolutional neural network (CNN) called cascaded triplanar autoencoder M-Net (CTAEM-Net) to segment myocardial scar from 3D LGE MRI. Two sub-networks were cascaded to segment the left ventricle (LV) myocardium and then the scar within the pre-segmented LV myocardium. Each sub-network contains three autoencoder M-Nets (AEM-Nets) segmenting the axial, sagittal and coronal slices of the 3D LGE MR image, with the final segmentation determined by voting. The AEM-Net integrates three features: (1) multi-scale inputs, (2) deep supervision and (3) multi-tasking. The multi-scale inputs allow consideration of the global and local features in segmentation. Deep supervision provides direct supervision to deeper layers and facilitates CNN convergence. Multi-task learning reduces segmentation overfitting by acquiring additional information from autoencoder reconstruction, a task closely related to segmentation. The framework provides an accuracy of 86.43% and 90.18% for LV myocardium and scar segmentation, respectively, which are the highest among existing methods to our knowledge. The time required for CTAEM-Net to segment LV myocardium and the scar was 49.72 ± 9.69s and 120.25 ± 23.18s per MR volume, respectively. The accuracy and efficiency afforded by CTAEM-Net will make possible future large population studies. The generalizability of the framework was also demonstrated by its competitive performance in two publicly available datasets of different imaging modalities. |
2,330,421 | Synthetic vascular grafts as a new treatment option for space-occupying tumor bed cysts. | Several authors have reported the formation of slit valves as the underlying pathomechanism of space-occupying tumor bed cysts. Iatrogenic slit valves following the resection of high-grade gliomas have been linked to certain risk factors such as intraoperative opening of the ventricles and attempts to seal these. The best therapeutic management of such cystic lesions remains elusive. Several treatment options such as cyst fenestration or cystoperitoneal shunting have been employed but remain associated with high rates of recurrence. With the given complications of the above-described treatment options, the objective was to devise a new therapy option that is safe and effective and treats the slit valve itself rather than its symptoms.</AbstractText>Between the years of 2010 and 2020, we successfully treated four patients with high-pressure tumor bed cysts following glioma resection by implantation of synthetic ringed vascular grafts into the slit valve.</AbstractText>Postoperatively, the tumor bed cysts were regressive in all patients. Moreover, none of the treatment patients developed any complications associated with the implanted vascular grafts. Revision-free survival was 10, 12, 53, and 126 months, respectively.</AbstractText>The use of synthetic vascular grafts as a means of stenting slit valves is a safe and effective novel treatment option for high-pressure tumor bed cysts.</AbstractText>© 2022. The Author(s).</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,422 | Action potential responses to changes in stimulation frequency and isoproterenol in rat ventricular myocytes. | Current understanding of ventricular action potential adaptation to physiological stress is generally based on protocols using non-physiological rates and conditions isolating rate effects from escalating adrenergic stimulation. To permit refined understanding, ventricular action potentials were assessed across physiological pacing frequencies in the presence and absence of adrenergic stimuli. Isolated and combined effects were analyzed to assess their ability to replicate in-vivo responses.</AbstractText>Steady-state action potentials from ventricular myocytes isolated from male Wistar rats (3 months; N = 8 animals) were recorded at 37°C with steady-state pacing at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 Hz using whole-cell patch-clamp. Action potential repolarization to 25, 50, 75, 90 and 100% of full repolarization (APD25-100</sub> ) was compared before and after 5 nM, 100 nM and 1 µM isoproterenol doses.</AbstractText>A Repeated measures ANOVA found APD50-90</sub>  shortened with 5 nM isoproterenol infusion by 6-25% (but comparable across doses) (p ≤ 0.03). Pacing frequencies emulating a normal rat heart rate (6 Hz) prolonged APD50</sub> 23% compared with 1 Hz pacing. Frequencies emulating exercise or stress (10 Hz) shortened APD90</sub> (29%).</AbstractText>These results demonstrate modest action potential shortening in response to adrenergic stimulation and elevations in pacing beyond physiological resting rates. Our findings indicate changes in action potential plateau and late repolarization predominantly underlie simulated exercise responses in the rat heart. This work provides novel action potential reference data and will help model cardiac responses to physiological stimuli in the rat heart via computational techniques.</AbstractText>© 2022 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,423 | Phosphorylation-dependent proteome of Marcks in ependyma during aging and behavioral homeostasis in the mouse forebrain. | Ependymal cells (ECs) line the ventricular surfaces of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) and their development is indispensable to structural integrity and functions of the CNS. We previously reported that EC-specific genetic deletion of the myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate (Marcks) disrupts barrier functions and elevates oxidative stress and lipid droplet accumulation in ECs causing precocious cellular aging. However, little is known regarding the mechanisms that mediate these changes in ECs. To gain insight into Marcks-mediated mechanisms, we performed mass spectrometric analyses on Marcks-associated proteins in young and aged ECs in the mouse forebrain using an integrated approach. Network analysis on annotated proteins revealed that the identified Marcks-associated complexes are in part involved in protein transport mechanisms in young ECs. In fact, we found perturbed intracellular vesicular trafficking in cultured ECs with selective deletion of Marcks (Marcks-cKO mice), or upon pharmacological alteration to phosphorylation status of Marcks. In comparison, Marcks-associated protein complexes in aged ECs appear to be involved in regulation of lipid metabolism and responses to oxidative stress. Confirming this, we found elevated signatures of inflammation in the cerebral cortices and the hippocampi of young Marcks-cKO mice. Interestingly, behavioral testing using a water maze task indicated that spatial learning and memory is diminished in young Marcks-cKO mice similar to aged wildtype mice. Taken together, our study provides first line of evidence for potential mechanisms that may mediate differential Marcks functions in young and old ECs, and their effect on forebrain homeostasis during aging. |
2,330,424 | Nos2<sup>-/-</sup> mice infected with M. tuberculosis develop neurobehavioral changes and immunopathology mimicking human central nervous system tuberculosis. | Understanding the pathophysiology of central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS-TB) is hampered by the lack of a good pre-clinical model that mirrors the human CNS-TB infection. We developed a murine CNS-TB model that demonstrates neurobehavioral changes with similar immunopathology with human CNS-TB.</AbstractText>We injected two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) strains, H37Rv and CDC1551, respectively, into two mouse strains, C3HeB/FeJ and Nos2-/-</sup> mice, either into the third ventricle or intravenous. We compared the neurological symptoms, histopathological changes and levels of adhesion molecules, chemokines, and inflammatory cytokines in the brain induced by the infections through different routes in different strains.</AbstractText>Intra-cerebroventricular infection of Nos2-/-</sup> mice with M.tb led to development of neurological signs and more severe brain granulomas compared to C3HeB/FeJ mice. Compared with CDC1551 M.tb, H37Rv M.tb infection resulted in a higher neurobehavioral score and earlier mortality. Intra-cerebroventricular infection caused necrotic neutrophil-dominated pyogranulomas in the brain relative to intravenous infection which resulted in disseminated granulomas and mycobacteraemia. Histologically, intra-cerebroventricular infection of Nos2-/-</sup> mice with M.tb resembled human CNS-TB brain biopsy specimens. H37Rv intra-cerebroventricular infected mice demonstrated higher brain concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecule ICAM-1 than H37Rv intravenous-infected mice.</AbstractText>Intra-cerebroventricular infection of Nos2-/-</sup> mice with H37Rv creates a murine CNS-TB model that resembled human CNS-TB immunopathology, exhibiting the worst neurobehavioral score with a high and early mortality reflecting disease severity and its associated neurological morbidity. Our murine CNS-TB model serves as a pre-clinical platform to dissect host-pathogen interactions and evaluate therapeutic agents for CNS-TB.</AbstractText>© 2022. The Author(s).</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,425 | Aquaporin-4 expression in the human choroid plexus. | The choroid plexus (CP) consists of specialized ependymal cells and underlying blood vessels and stroma producing the bulk of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CP epithelial cells are considered the site of the internal blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, show epithelial characteristics (basal lamina, tight junctions), and express aquaporin-1 (AQP1) apically. In this study, we analyzed the expression of aquaporins in the human CP using immunofluorescence and qPCR. As previously reported, AQP1 was expressed apically in CP epithelial cells. Surprisingly, and previously unknown, many cells in the CP epithelium were also positive for aquaporin-4 (AQP4), normally restricted to ventricle-lining ependymal cells and astrocytes in the brain. Expression of AQP1 and AQP4 was found in the CP of all eight body donors investigated (3 males, 5 females; age 74-91). These results were confirmed by qPCR, and by electron microscopy detecting orthogonal arrays of particles. To find out whether AQP4 expression correlated with the expression pattern of relevant transport-related proteins we also investigated expression of NKCC1, and Na/K-ATPase. Immunostaining with NKCC1 was similar to AQP1 and revealed no particular pattern related to AQP4. Co-staining of AQP4 and Na/K-ATPase indicated a trend for an inverse correlation of their expression. We hypothesized that AQP4 expression in the CP was caused by age-related changes. To address this, we investigated mouse brains from young (2 months), adult (12 months) and old (30 months) mice. We found a significant increase of AQP4 on the mRNA level in old mice compared to young and adult animals. Taken together, we provide evidence for AQP4 expression in the CP of the aging brain which likely contributes to the water flow through the CP epithelium and CSF production. In two alternative hypotheses, we discuss this as a beneficial compensatory, or a detrimental mechanism influencing the previously observed CSF changes during aging. |
2,330,426 | Papillary Tumor of Pineal Region in a 5-Year-Old Male Child: A Rare Entity. | Papillary tumor of the pineal region (PTPR) is a rare grade II to III pineal lesion. These tumors mostly occur in adults, only rarely in children, with six cases in children under the age of 16 years (10.2%) up to now. We report the case of a 5-year-old male child presenting with worsening headaches, abnormally enlarged head since birth and visual disturbances. Imaging reveals a mass in the region of the pineal gland. The third and lateral ventricles were enlarged. The patient underwent a gross-total surgical resection of pineal mass through a suboccipital supracerebellar approach and tissue sent for histopathological examination and an available immunohistochemical workup has been done which confirmed the diagnosis of papillary tumor pineal region. This case highlights the histopathological features, imaging along clinical presentation similar to those in the original description of this rare entity PTPR. More studies are required to determine the prognosis and standard treatment protocol of this rare entity. |
2,330,427 | Abnormal torsion and helical flow patterns of the neo-aorta in hypoplastic left heart syndrome assessed with 4D-flow MRI. | The Norwood procedure is the first stage of correction for patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and may lead to an abnormal neoaortic anatomy. We prospectively studied the neoaorta's fluid dynamics and the abnormal twist of the neoaorta by MRI examinations of HLHS patients in Fontan circulation. This study for the first time investigates the hypothesis that the neoaorta twist is associated with increased helical flow patterns, which may lead to an increased workload for the systemic right ventricle (RV) and ultimately to RV hypertrophy.</AbstractText>A group of forty-two HLHS patients with a median age of 4.9 (2.9-17.0) years, at NYHA I was studied along with a control group of eleven subjects with healthy hearts and a median age of 12.1 (4.0-41.6). All subjects underwent MRI of the thoracic aorta including ECG-gated 2D balanced SSFP cine for an axial slice stack and 4D-flow MRI for a sagittal volume slab covering the thoracic aorta. The twist of the neoaortic arch was quantified by the effective geometric torsion, defined as the product of curvature and geometric torsion. Fluid dynamics and geometry in the neoaorta, including the flow helicity index, were evaluated using an in-house analysis software (MeVisLab-based). Myocardial mass of the systemic ventricle at end-diastole was estimated by planimetry of the short-axis stack.</AbstractText>Compared to the control group, the neoaorta in the HLHS patients shows an increased twist (P=0.04) and higher peak helicity density (P=0.03). The maximum helicity density was correlated with maximum effective torsion of the ascending neoaorta (P<0.001). The degree of maximum twist correlated with the increase in RV myocardial mass (P<0.01).</AbstractText>This study shows that the abnormal twist of the neoaortic arch in HLHS patients is associated with abnormal helical flow patterns, which may contribute to increased RV afterload and may adversely affect the systemic RV by stimulation of myocardial hypertrophy. These findings suggest that further improvements of surgical aortic reconstruction, guided by insights from 4D-flow MRI, could lead to better neoaortic fluid dynamics in patients with HLHS.</AbstractText>2021 Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,428 | Reconsidering Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Surgery and Postoperative Shunt Valve Pressure Adjustment: Our Approaches Learned From Past Challenges and Failures. | Treatment for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) continues to develop. Although ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery has a long history and is one of the most established neurosurgeries, in the 1970s, the improvement rate of iNPH triad symptoms was poor and the risks related to shunt implantation were high. This led experts to question the surgical indication for iNPH and, over the next 20 years, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt surgery for iNPH fell out of favor and was rarely performed. However, the development of programmable-pressure shunt valve devices has reduced the major complications associated with the CSF drainage volume and appears to have increased shunt effectiveness. In addition, the development of support devices for the placement of ventricular catheters including preoperative virtual simulation and navigation systems has increased the certainty of ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery. Secure shunt implantation is the most important prognostic indicator, but ensuring optimal initial valve pressure is also important. Since over-drainage is most likely to occur in the month after shunting, it is generally believed that a high initial setting of shunt valve pressure is the safest option. However, this does not always result in sufficient improvement of the symptoms in the early period after shunting. In fact, evidence suggests that setting the optimal valve pressure early after shunting may cause symptoms to improve earlier. This leads to improved quality of life and better long-term independent living expectations. However, in iNPH patients, the remaining symptoms may worsen again after several years, even when there is initial improvement due to setting the optimal valve pressure early after shunting. Because of the possibility of insufficient CSF drainage, the valve pressure should be reduced by one step (2-4 cmH<sub>2</sub>O) after 6 months to a year after shunting to maximize symptom improvement. After the valve pressure is reduced, a head CT scan is advised a month later. |
2,330,429 | Pediatric cardiac tamponade caused by metallic wire penetration into the heart: A case report and literature review. | Thin, metallic wires can easily penetrate the gastrointestinal system if ingested and cause serious cardiac issues in children. We report a pediatric case of such an object that caused cardiac tamponade after lodging in the left ventricle. The wire was extracted without cardiopulmonary bypass and a full recovery was made. Cardiac issues after ingestion of foreign objects are rare but immediate surgery is required for resolution. |
2,330,430 | Comparative analysis of U-Net and TLMDB GAN for the cardiovascular segmentation of the ventricles in the heart. | Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) is an important imaging modality for diagnosing heart disease and analyzing heart function. The size and shape of the ventricle are important parameters for judging whether the heart is normal, and the ventricles in the MRI image is effectively segmented It is the key to obtain the ventricle size, shape and other parameters. Accurate segmentation of the entricle is the fundamental guarantee for the evaluation of cardiac function. However, in the heart image, the contrast between the ventricle area and the background area is not obvious, the boundary is blurred, and there is noise in most of the images. The accurate segmentation of the ventricle becomes a challenging problem.</AbstractText>We performed scanning of short-axis cardiac MR image sequences based on 33 subjects. Each subject has 8 to 15 sequences, each pertaining to a 20-frame sequence. Based on the U-Net neural network structure, the high-resolution information directly transferred from the encoder to the same-height decoder through the connection operation can provide more refined features for segmentation, such as gradients. The MRI left ventricular image segmentation method based on transfer learning and multi-scale discriminant Generative Adversarial Network (TLMDB GAN) solves the problem of insufficient ventricular image data.</AbstractText>According to the experimental results of TLMDB GAN and U-Net network on the data set, the Dice coefficients of TLMDB GAN segmentation of the inner cardiac wall and outer cardiac wall of the ventricle are 0.9399 and 0.9697, respectively, which are 0.01 higher than other methods. The Dice coefficients of U-Net segmentation of the inner cardiac wall and outer cardiac wall of the ventricle are 0.8829 and 0.9292, respectively; CONCLUSION: The experimental results show that the TLMDB GAN based on transfer learning and multi-scale discrimination significantly improves the segmentation accuracy when compared with the U-Net segmentation model.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,431 | Altered diffusivity of the subarachnoid cisterns in the rat brain following neurological disorders. | Although changes in diffusion characteristics of the brain parenchyma in neurological disorders are widely studied and used in clinical practice, the change in diffusivity in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) system is rarely reported. In this study, free water diffusion in the subarachnoid cisterns and ventricles of the rat brain was examined using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the effects of neurological disorders on diffusivity in CSF system were investigated.</AbstractText>Diffusion MRI and T2</sub>-weighted images were obtained in the intact rats, 24 h after ischemic stroke, and 50 days after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). We conducted the assessment of diffusivity in the rat brain in the subarachnoid cisterns around the midbrain, as well as the lateral ventricles. One-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to evaluate the change in mean diffusivity (MD) and MD histogram, respectively, in CSF system following different neurological disease.</AbstractText>A significant decrease in the mean MD value of the subarachnoid cisterns was observed in the stroke rats compared with the intact and mTBI rats (p < 0.005). In addition, the skewness (p < 0.002), maximum MD (p < 0.002), and MD percentiles (p < 0.002) in the stroke rats differed significantly from those in the intact and mTBI rats. By contrast, no difference was observed in the mean MD value of the lateral ventricles among three groups of rats. We proposed that the assessment of the subarachnoid cisterns, rather than the lateral ventricles, in the rat brain would be useful in providing diffusion information in the CSF system.</AbstractText>Alterations in MD parameters of the subarachnoid cisterns after stroke provide evidence that brain injury may alter the characteristics of free water diffusion not only in the brain parenchyma but also in the CSF system.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2022 Chang Gung University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,432 | Endoscopic third ventriculostomy with or without choroid plexus coagulation for myelomeningocele-associated hydrocephalus: systematic review and meta-analysis. | While ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) insertion is the standard treatment for myelomeningocele-associated hydrocephalus (MAH), it can be complicated by infection and shunt malfunction. As such, endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), with or without choroid plexus coagulation (CPC), has been proposed as an alternative. The aim of this review was to determine the success, technical failure, and complication rates of ETV with or without CPC in patients with MAH.</AbstractText>PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched from inception to June 2020 for case series, cohort studies, or randomized controlled trials reporting success, technical failure, or complication rates. Random-effects analysis was performed to determine the estimates for these outcome measures. Studies were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for quality and risk of bias.</AbstractText>Thirteen studies with a total of 325 patients who underwent either ETV or ETV+CPC were included in the review. Using random-effects modeling, the pooled estimate of the success rate was 56% (95% CI 44%-68%, I2 = 78%), while the technical failure rate was 2% (95% CI 0%-6%, I2 = 32%). The estimate for the success rate had high heterogeneity, due to the type of surgical intervention (ETV vs ETV+CPC, p < 0.001). Random-effects analysis of 9 studies with 117 patients who underwent ETV alone yielded an estimated success rate of 48% (95% CI 0.39-0.57, I2 = 0%), while analysis of 4 studies with 166 patients who underwent ETV+CPC revealed a success rate of 75% (95% CI 67%-82%, I2 = 21%). The estimates for the mild/moderate, severe, and fatal complication rates were 0 (95% CI 0%-4%, I2 = 0%), 2% (95% CI 0%-10%, I2 = 52%), and 0 (95% CI 0%-1%, I2 = 0%), respectively.</AbstractText>ETV+CPC was associated with a higher success rate than ETV alone for MAH in a meta-analysis of published studies. ETV, with or without CPC, was technically feasible and safe for this patient population.</AbstractText> |
2,330,433 | Treatment of ventricular septal perforation caused by blunt trauma using the right ventricle approach: A case report. | Traumatic ventricular septal perforation (VSP) is a rare condition that can occur following chest trauma and can lead to heart failure. Herein, a case of VSP caused by blunt chest trauma successfully closed using the double-patch technique via the right ventricle after medial sternotomy is presented. This case report highlights the necessity of emergency surgery in the acute phase of traumatic VSP if heart failure is difficult to control. This technique was useful for acute surgery. <<b>Learning objective:</b> Traumatic ventricular septal perforation (VSP) can occur following chest trauma. The timing of surgery depends on the severity of heart failure and the urgency of other traumas. Since the left ventricular pressure is higher than the right ventricular pressure, complete hemostasis of the left ventricle is difficult. Hence, traumatic VSP might be successfully approached and closed via the right ventricle. Here we report a successful closure of traumatic VSP after blunt chest trauma using the right ventricular approach through medial sternotomy.>. |
2,330,434 | The Brain-Nose Interface: A Potential Cerebrospinal Fluid Clearance Site in Humans. | The human brain functions at the center of a network of systems aimed at providing a structural and immunological layer of protection. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) maintains a physiological homeostasis that is of paramount importance to proper neurological activity. CSF is largely produced in the choroid plexus where it is continuous with the brain extracellular fluid and circulates through the ventricles. CSF movement through the central nervous system has been extensively explored. Across numerous animal species, the involvement of various drainage pathways in CSF, including arachnoid granulations, cranial nerves, perivascular pathways, and meningeal lymphatics, has been studied. Among these, there is a proposed CSF clearance route spanning the olfactory nerve and exiting the brain at the cribriform plate and entering lymphatics. While this pathway has been demonstrated in multiple animal species, evidence of a similar CSF egress mechanism involving the nasal cavity in humans remains poorly consolidated. This review will synthesize contemporary evidence surrounding CSF clearance at the nose-brain interface, examining across species this anatomical pathway, and its possible significance to human neurodegenerative disease. Our discussion of a bidirectional nasal pathway includes examination of the immune surveillance in the olfactory region protecting the brain. Overall, we expect that an expanded discussion of the brain-nose pathway and interactions with the environment will contribute to an improved understanding of neurodegenerative and infectious diseases, and potentially to novel prevention and treatment considerations. |
2,330,435 | Mast cells and basic fibroblast growth factor in physiological aging of rat heart and kidney. | Age-related morphological and physiological changes occur in cells, tissues and organs with high metabolic or mitotic activity; these changes decrease their regenerative capacity. One such change is interstitial fibrosis. Mast cells contain basic fibroblast growth factor and have been related to pro-fibrotic activity. We investigated the role of mast cells in physiological aging of the heart and kidney. We analyzed changes in mast cell number and compared the left and right heart ventricles and kidneys of 6- and 12-month-old Wistar rats. We also evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of basic fibroblast growth factor. Finally, we analyzed changes in the extent of interstitial fibrosis and in the glomerular sclerosis index as nonspecific markers of aging and correlated these parameters with of mast cells. Mast cells were visualized by toluidine blue staining and specific immunohistochemical expression of tryptase. The expression of basic fibroblast growth factor was assessed semiquantitatively. The extent of interstitial fibrosis was investigated using Mallory's trichrome staining. Glomerular sclerosis was evaluated using periodic acid-Schiff staining. We found that the number of mast cells increased significantly in the older rats. We also found that the number of mast cells was greatest in the left ventricle followed by the right ventricle, then the kidney. The immunoreactivity of basic fibroblast growth factor also increased in older animals. Correlations between the number of mast cells and immunoreactivity of basic fibroblast growth factor, extent of interstitial fibrosis and glomerular sclerosis index demonstrated the association between mast cells and age-related tissue remodeling of the heart and kidney. |
2,330,436 | Longitudinal Impact of WTC Dust Inhalation on Rat Cardiac Tissue Transcriptomic Profiles. | First responders (FR) exposed to the World Trade Center (WTC) Ground Zero air over the first week after the 9/11 disaster have an increased heart disease incidence compared to unexposed FR and the general population. To test if WTC dusts were causative agents, rats were exposed to WTC dusts (under isoflurane [ISO] anesthesia) 2 h/day on 2 consecutive days; controls received air/ISO or air only. Hearts were collected 1, 30, 240, and 360 d post-exposure, left ventricle total RNA was extracted, and transcription profiles were obtained. The data showed that differentially expressed genes (DEG) for WTC vs. ISO rats did not reach any significance with a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 at days 1, 30, and 240, indicating that the dusts did not impart effects beyond any from ISO. However, at day 360, 14 DEG with a low FDR were identified, reflecting potential long-term effects from WTC dust alone, and the majority of these DEG have been implicated as having an impact on heart functions. Furthermore, the functional gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) data at day 360 showed that WTC dust could potentially impact the myocardial energy metabolism via PPAR signaling and heart valve development. This is the first study showing that WTC dust could significantly affect some genes that are associated with the heart/CV system, in the long term. Even > 20 years after the 9/11 disaster, this has potentially important implications for those FR exposed repeatedly at Ground Zero over the first week after the buildings collapsed. |
2,330,437 | Assessment of Biventricular Myocardial Function with 2-Dimensional Strain and Conventional Echocardiographic Parameters: A Comparative Analysis in Healthy Infants and Patients with Severe and Critical Pulmonary Stenosis. | Our aim was to compare the global longitudinal and regional biventricular strain between infants with severe and critical pulmonary stenosis (PS), and controls; to compare pre- and post-procedural strain values in infants with severe and critical PS; and to assess the correlations between echocardiographic strain and conventional parameters. We conducted a retrospective single-center study. The comparisons of echocardiographic variables were performed using separate linear mixed models. The overall mean right ventricle (RV) regional strains measured before intervention in PS patients was significantly different when compared to the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.0324). We found a significant change in the left ventricle, RV, and inter-ventricular septum strain (IVS) values from basal to apical location (<i>p</i> < 0.05). IVS strain values showed a higher decrease in mean strain values from basal to apical in PS patients. There was no significant difference in means of baseline and post-interventional strain values in PS patients (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Following the strain analysis in patients with PS, we obtained statistically significant changes in the RV global-4-chamber longitudinal strain (RV4C). The RV4C, which quantifies the longitudinal strain to the entire RV, can be used in current clinical practice for the evaluation of RV function in infants with severe and critical PS. The longitudinal and segmental strain capture the pathological changes in the IVS, modifications that cannot be highlighted through a classical echocardiographic evaluation. |
2,330,438 | GLI3 Is Required for OLIG2+ Progeny Production in Adult Dorsal Neural Stem Cells. | The ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) is a postnatal germinal niche. It holds a large population of neural stem cells (NSCs) that generate neurons and oligodendrocytes for the olfactory bulb and (primarily) the corpus callosum, respectively. These NSCs are heterogeneous and generate different types of neurons depending on their location. Positional identity among NSCs is thought to be controlled in part by intrinsic pathways. However, extrinsic cell signaling through the secreted ligand Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is essential for neurogenesis in both the dorsal and ventral V-SVZ. Here we used a genetic approach to investigate the role of the transcription factors GLI2 and GLI3 in the proliferation and cell fate of dorsal and ventral V-SVZ NSCs. We find that while GLI3 is expressed in stem cell cultures from both dorsal and ventral V-SVZ, the repressor form of GLI3 is more abundant in dorsal V-SVZ. Despite this high dorsal expression and the requirement for other Shh pathway members, GLI3 loss affects the generation of ventrally-, but not dorsally-derived olfactory interneurons in vivo and does not affect trilineage differentiation in vitro. However, loss of GLI3 in the adult dorsal V-SVZ in vivo results in decreased numbers of OLIG2-expressing progeny, indicating a role in gliogenesis. |
2,330,439 | Sex Hormone-Specific Neuroanatomy of Takotsubo Syndrome: Is the Insular Cortex a Moderator? | Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), a transient form of dysfunction in the heart's left ventricle, occurs predominantly in postmenopausal women who have emotional stress. Earlier studies support the concept that the human circulatory system is modulated by a cortical network (consisting of the anterior cingulate gyrus, amygdala, and insular cortex (Ic)) that plays a pivotal role in the central autonomic nervous system in relation to emotional stressors. The Ic plays a crucial role in the sympathovagal balance, and decreased levels of female sex hormones have been speculated to change functional cerebral asymmetry, with a possible link to autonomic instability. In this review, we focus on the Ic as an important moderator of the human brain-heart axis in association with sex hormones. We also summarize the current knowledge regarding the sex-specific neuroanatomy in TTS. |
2,330,440 | Trans-lamina Terminalis Approach for Resection of Third Ventricular Tumor. | Granular cell tumors are rare vascular neoplastic lesions of the sellar and suprasellar region that usually arise from the pituitary stalk but can originate as low as the posterior pituitary or as high as the tuber cinereum.<sup>1</sup> Complete resection, although ideal, can yield high rates of endocrine or visual morbidity.<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup> On headache workup, a 66-year-old woman was found to have a 1.2 × 1.1 × 1.3-cm contrast-enhancing lesion in the anterior-inferior third ventricle, posterior to the infundibulum. Endocrine testing was unremarkable, and a lumbar puncture was nondiagnostic. An open biopsy and possible resection were selected by the patient over short-interval imaging. A translamina terminalis approach was selected over a transsphenoidal approach to preserve the third ventricular floor (Video 1). A right frontotemporal craniotomy was performed, including flattening of the lesser sphenoid wing. The optic chiasm was exposed via subfrontal microsurgical dissection, and the lamina terminalis was opened sharply. A firm, vascular tumor was identified extending into the anterior-inferior aspect of the third ventricle. Frozen pathologic analysis was nondiagnostic. Given the proximity of the optic chiasm, a complete piecemeal microsurgical resection was performed, preserving the floor and lateral walls of the third ventricle and optic apparatus. Final pathology was a granular cell tumor. Postoperatively, the patient had transient diabetes insipidus, with preserved vision and normal endocrine function on follow-up. The trans-lamina terminalis approach can be used for safe resection of anterior third ventricular tumors. Preservation of the floor and walls of the third ventricle is critical to avoid morbidity. |
2,330,441 | Management of Patients With Single-Ventricle Physiology Across the Lifespan: Contributions From Magnetic Resonance and Computed Tomography Imaging. | Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and cardiac computed tomography (CCT) are robust cross-sectional imaging modalities that are increasingly being used to guide the diagnosis and management of those born with single-ventricle physiology. The purpose of this review is to acquaint the reader with the wide range of cross-sectional imaging applications that can be applied in this population. Illustrative examples of information provided by CMR and CCT are included, such as delineation of cardiac anatomy, measurement of ventricular volumetry, interrogation of vascular anatomy and flows, evaluation of myocardial viability, and exclusion of thromboembolic disease. Focus is placed on the appropriate selection and timing of advanced cardiac imaging modalities, and differentiations are made between established indications for imaging and emerging applications (such as 4-dimensional [4D] flow assessment and parametric imaging for identification of diffuse fibrosis using CMR). Potential CMR and CCT contributions in the selection of interventional strategies in the child and for surveillance of postoperative complications in the adult are highlighted. Furthermore, the importance of extracardiac cross-sectional imaging in the single-ventricle population is emphasized given the recognition that complications post-Fontan palliation are not limited to the cardiovascular system but will often include extracardiac manifestations of disease (such as hepatic disease or lymphatic abnormalities), While the value of CMR and CCT for contemporary clinical care of individuals born with single-ventricle physiology appears to be well-established, further research will be necessary to explore the impact of risk stratification using imaging biomarkers on clinical outcomes following Fontan palliation. |
2,330,442 | Myocardial Afterload Is a Key Biomechanical Regulator of Atrioventricular Myocyte Differentiation in Zebrafish. | Heart valve development is governed by both genetic and biomechanical inputs. Prior work has demonstrated that oscillating shear stress associated with blood flow is required for normal atrioventricular (AV) valve development. Cardiac afterload is defined as the pressure the ventricle must overcome in order to pump blood throughout the circulatory system. In human patients, conditions of high afterload can cause valve pathology. Whether high afterload adversely affects embryonic valve development remains poorly understood. Here we describe a zebrafish model exhibiting increased myocardial afterload, caused by vasopressin, a vasoconstrictive drug. We show that the application of vasopressin reliably produces an increase in afterload without directly acting on cardiac tissue in zebrafish embryos. We have found that increased afterload alters the rate of growth of the cardiac chambers and causes remodeling of cardiomyocytes. Consistent with pathology seen in patients with clinically high afterload, we see defects in both the form and the function of the valve leaflets. Our results suggest that valve defects are due to changes in atrioventricular myocyte signaling, rather than pressure directly acting on the endothelial valve leaflet cells. Cardiac afterload should therefore be considered a biomechanical factor that particularly impacts embryonic valve development. |
2,330,443 | Improving Infant Hydrocephalus Outcomes in Uganda: A Longitudinal Prospective Study Protocol for Predicting Developmental Outcomes and Identifying Patients at Risk for Early Treatment Failure after ETV/CPC. | Infant hydrocephalus poses a severe global health burden; 80% of cases occur in the developing world where patients have limited access to neurosurgical care. Surgical treatment combining endoscopic third ventriculostomy and choroid plexus cauterization (ETV/CPC), first practiced at CURE Children's Hospital of Uganda (CCHU), is as effective as standard ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) placement while requiring fewer resources and less post-operative care. Although treatment focuses on controlling ventricle size, this has little association with treatment failure or long-term outcome. This study aims to monitor the progression of hydrocephalus and treatment response, and investigate the association between cerebral physiology, brain growth, and neurodevelopmental outcomes following surgery. We will enroll 300 infants admitted to CCHU for treatment. All patients will receive pre/post-operative measurements of cerebral tissue oxygenation (SO<sub>2</sub>), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO<sub>2</sub>) using frequency-domain near-infrared combined with diffuse correlation spectroscopies (FDNIRS-DCS). Infants will also receive brain imaging, to monitor tissue/ventricle volume, and neurodevelopmental assessments until two years of age. This study will provide a foundation for implementing cerebral physiological monitoring to establish evidence-based guidelines for hydrocephalus treatment. This paper outlines the protocol, clinical workflow, data management, and analysis plan of this international, multi-center trial. |
2,330,444 | Prediction of anemia on enhanced computed tomography of the thorax using virtual non-contrast reconstructions. | To determine if anemia can be predicted on enhanced computed tomography (CT) examinations of the thorax using virtual non-contrast (VNC) images, in order to support clinicians especially in diagnosing primary asymptomatic patients in daily routine.In this monocentric study, 100 consecutive patients (50 with proven anemia), who underwent a contrast-enhanced CT examination of the thorax due to various indications were included. Attenuation was measured in the descending thoracic aorta, the intraventricular septum, and the left ventricle cavity both in the conventional contrast-enhanced and in the VNC images.Two experienced radiologists annotated the delineation of a dense interventricular septum or a hyperattenuating aortic wall sign for all patients.Hemoglobin levels were then correlated with the measured attenuation values, as well as the visualization of the aortic wall or interventricular septum.Good correlation was shown between hemoglobin levels and CT attenuation values of the left ventricular cavity (r = .59), aorta (r = .56), and ratio between left ventricular cavity and the intraventricular septum (r = .57). Receiver operating characteristic curve revealed ≤ 36.5 hounsfield units (left ventricular cavity) as the threshold for diagnosing anemia. Predicting anemia by visualization of a hyperattenuating aortic wall or a dense interventricular septum yielded a specificity of 98% and 92%, respectively.Predicting anemia on enhanced CT examinations using VNC is feasible. A threshold value of ≤ 36.5 hounsfield units (left ventricular cavity) best defines anemia. Aortic wall or interventricular septum visualization on VNC is a specific anemia indicator. |
2,330,445 | Systematic Characterization of High-Power Short-Duration Ablation: Insight From an Advanced Virtual Model. | <b>Background:</b> High-power short-duration (HPSD) recently emerged as a new approach to radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation. However, basic and clinical data supporting its effectiveness and safety is still scarce. <b>Objective:</b> We aim to characterize HPSD with an advanced virtual model, able to assess lesion dimensions and complications in multiple conditions and compare it to standard protocols. <b>Methods:</b> We evaluate, on both atrium and ventricle, three HPSD protocols (70 W/8 s, 80 W/6 s, and 90 W/4 s) through a realistic 3D computational model of power-controlled RF ablation, varying catheter tip design (spherical/cylindrical), contact force (CF), blood flow, and saline irrigation. Lesions are defined by the 50°C isotherm contour. Ablations are deemed safe or complicated by pop (tissue temperature >97°C) or charring (blood temperature >80°C). We compared HPSD with standards protocols (30-40 W/30 s). We analyzed the effect of a second HPSD application. <b>Results:</b> We simulated 432 applications. Most (79%) associated a complication, especially in the atrium. The three HPSD protocols performed similarly in the atrium, while 90 W/4 s appeared the safest in the ventricle. Low irrigation rate led frequently to charring (72%). High-power short-duration lesions were 40-60% shallower and smaller in volume compared to standards, although featuring similar width. A second HPSD application increased lesions to a size comparable to standards. <b>Conclusion:</b> High-power short-duration lesions are smaller in volume and more superficial than standards but comparable in width, which can be advantageous in the atrium. A second application can produce lesions similar to standards in a shorter time. Despite its narrow safety margin, HPSD seems a valuable new clinical approach. |
2,330,446 | Mechanism of Depression through Brain Function Imaging of Depression Patients and Normal People. | In recent years, functional magnetic resonance technology has discovered that abnormal connections in different brain regions of the brain may serve as the pathophysiological mechanism of mental illness. Exploring the mechanism of information flow and integration between different brain regions is of great significance for understanding the pathophysiological mechanism of mental illness. This article aims to analyze the mechanism of depression by comparing human brain images of normal people and patients with depression and conduct research. Fluoxetine, a selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) widely used in clinical practice, can selectively inhibit 5-HT transporter and block the reuptake of 5-HT by the presynaptic membrane. The effect of 5-HT is prolonged and increased, thereby producing antidepressant effects. It has low affinity for adrenergic, histaminergic, and cholinergic receptors and has a weaker effect, resulting in fewer adverse reactions. This paper uses the comparative experiment method and the Welch method and uses the average shortest path length <i>L</i> to describe the average value of the shortest path length between two nodes in the network. Attention refers to the ability of a person's mental activity to point and to concentrate on something. Sustained attention means that attention is kept on a certain cognitive object or activity for a certain period of time, which is also called the stability of attention. The research on attention of depression patients generally focuses on continuous attention, and the results obtained show inconsistencies. Most studies have shown that the sustained attention of the depression group is significantly worse than that of the healthy control group. An overview of magnetic resonance imaging technology and an analysis of depression based on resting state were carried out. The key brain areas of the sample core network were scanned, and the ALFF results were analyzed. The data showed that the severity of depression in the depression group was negatively correlated with the ReHo value in the posterior left cerebellum (<i>P</i>=0.010). The sense of despair was negatively correlated with the ReHo value in the posterior right cerebellum (<i>P</i>=0.013). The diurnal variation was negatively correlated with the ReHo value of the left ring (<i>P</i>=0.014). It was positively correlated with the ReHo value of the left ventricle (<i>P</i>=0.048). This experiment has better completed the research on the mechanism of depression by analyzing the functional images of patients with depression and normal human brain. |
2,330,447 | Antitumor Immunity from Abdominal Flap-Embedded Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine. | Abdominal flaps are routinely performed in clinic after primary mastectomy of breast cancer. However, cancer patients can still develop cancer recurrence and metastasis after surgery. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of concurrent abdominal flap reconstruction and vaccine inoculation in the tissue for prevention and treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer.</AbstractText>A murine model of metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer was generated by inoculating HER2-expressing TUBO tumor cells into both the mammary gland fat pad and left ventricle. Mammary gland fat pad with primary tumor was resected by mastectomy, and superficial inferior epigastric (SIE) vessel-based abdominal flap was performed for abdominal reconstruction. During the surgery, mice also received a single intra-flap treatment of a microparticulate-based cancer vaccine. Popliteal (Pop) and inguinal (Ing) lymph nodes (LN) were collected at different time points after vaccination, and activation of dendritic cells and T lymphocytes was evaluated with flow cytometry. ELISpot was also performed to measure HER2-specific T cells in splenocytes. In addition, infiltration of CD3+</sup> T cells in brain metastatic nodules was analyzed with immunohistochemistry.</AbstractText>Flow cytometry detected increased number of activated dendritic cells in lymph nodes in mice treated with cancer vaccine. ELISpot revealed abundant IFN-γ-expressing T cells in the spleen. Mice treated with abdominal flap-embedded cancer vaccine extended median survival by 9 days over the control group (p<0.05).</AbstractText>Abdominal flap-embedded cancer vaccine effectively stimulated systemic immune response and inhibited tumor progression in a murine model of HER2-positive breast cancer.</AbstractText>© 2022 Liu et al.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,448 | KIFC1 Regulates the Trajectory of Neuronal Migration. | During neuronal migration, forces generated by cytoplasmic dynein yank on microtubules extending from the centrosome into the leading process and move the nucleus along microtubules that extend behind the centrosome. Scaffolds, such as radial glia, guide neuronal migration outward from the ventricles, but little is known about the internal machinery that ensures that the soma migrates along its proper path rather than moving backward or off the path. Here we report that depletion of KIFC1, a minus-end-directed kinesin called HSET in humans, causes neurons to migrate off their appropriate path, suggesting that this molecular motor is what ensures fidelity of the trajectory of migration. For these studies, we used rat migratory neurons <i>in vitro</i> and developing mouse brain <i>in vivo</i>, together with RNA interference and ectopic expression of mutant forms of KIFC1. We found that crosslinking of microtubules into a nonsliding mode by KIFC1 is necessary for dynein-driven forces to achieve sufficient traction to thrust the soma forward. Asymmetric bouts of microtubule sliding driven by KIFC1 thereby enable the soma to tilt in one direction or another, thus providing midcourse corrections that keep the neuron on its appropriate trajectory. KIFC1-driven sliding of microtubules further assists neurons in remaining on their appropriate path by allowing the nucleus to rotate directionally as it moves, which is consistent with how we found that KIFC1 contributes to interkinetic nuclear migration at an earlier stage of neuronal development.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Resolving the mechanisms of neuronal migration is medically important because many developmental disorders of the brain involve flaws in neuronal migration and because deployment of newly born neurons may be important in the adult for cognition and memory. Drugs that inhibit KIFC1 are candidates for chemotherapy and therefore should be used with caution if they are allowed to enter the brain. |
2,330,449 | Isolation of the side population from neurogenic niches enriches for endothelial cells. | In stem cell research, DNA-binding dyes offer the ability to purify live stem cells using flow cytometry as they form a low-fluorescence side population due to the activity of ABC transporters. Adult neural stem cells exist within the lateral ventricle and dentate gyrus of the adult brain yet the ability of DNA-binding dyes to identify these adult stem cells as side populations remains untested. The following experiments utilize the efflux of a DNA-binding dye, Vyrbant DyeCycle Violet (DCV), to isolate bona fide side populations in the mouse dentate gyrus and subventricular zone (SVZ), and test their sensitivity to ABC transporter inhibitors. A distinct side population was found in both the adult lateral ventricle and dentate gyrus using DCV fluorescence and forward scatter instead of the conventional dual fluorescence approach. These side populations responded strongly to inhibition with the ABC transporter antagonists, verapamil and fumitremorgin C. The majority of the cells residing in the side populations of dentate gyrus and SVZ were characterized by their expression of CD31. Additionally, at least 90% of all CD31+ cells found in the dentate gyrus and SVZ were negative for the hematopoietic marker CD45, leading to the hypothesis that the CD31+ cells in the side population were endothelial cells. These findings, therefore, suggest that the side population analysis provides an efficient method to purify CD31-expressing endothelial cells, but not adult neural stem cells. |
2,330,450 | Volumetric growth of soft tissues evaluated in the current configuration. | The growth and remodelling of soft tissues plays a significant role in many physiological applications, particularly in understanding and managing many diseases. A commonly used approach for soft tissue growth and remodelling is volumetric growth theory, introduced in the framework of finite elasticity. In such an approach, the total deformation gradient tensor is decomposed so that the elastic and growth tensors can be studied separately. A critical element in this approach is to determine the growth tensor and its evolution with time. Most existing volumetric growth theories define the growth tensor in the reference (natural) configuration, which does not reflect the continuous adaptation processes of soft tissues under the current configuration. In a few studies where growth from a loaded configuration was considered, simplifying assumptions, such as compatible deformation or geometric symmetries, were introduced. In this work, we propose a new volumetric growth law that depends on fields evaluated in the current configuration, which is residually stressed and loaded, without any geometrical restrictions. We illustrate our idea using a simplified left ventricle model, which admits inhomogeneous growth in the current configuration. We compare the residual stress distribution of our approach with the traditional volumetric growth theory, that assumes growth occurring from the natural reference configuration. We show that the proposed framework leads to qualitative agreements with experimental measurements. Furthermore, using a cylindrical model, we find an incompatibility index that explains the differences between the two approaches in more depth. We also demonstrate that results from both approaches reach the same steady solution published previously at the limit of a saturated growth. Although we used a left ventricle model as an example, our theory is applicable in modelling the volumetric growth of general soft tissues. |
2,330,451 | Case of retained guide wires traversing anatomical boundaries with neurological and cardiac morbidity. | A 69-year-old woman with a history of multiple hospital attendances for cardiac and neurological symptoms, presented with multifocal cerebral infarcts due to embolisation from retained guide wires and was referred for retrieval of two wires. One was intracardiac and the other had migrated through major vascular structures, breeching anatomical boundaries. Just before surgery, she half-expectorated a 35 cm wire that was removed with a video laryngoscope. Three days later, the second wire had traversed the right ventricular myocardium in an attempt to exteriorise, and a 7 cm wire was removed by emergency left anterior mini-thoracotomy. Her recovery was uneventful. |
2,330,452 | Quantitative Analysis of Stress-Induced Hyperglycemia and Intracranial Blood Volumes for Predicting Mortality After Intracerebral Hemorrhage. | Stress-induced hyperglycemia (SIH) is a neuroendocrine response to acute illness. Although SIH has an adverse association with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), quantitative measures and determinants of SIH are not well delineated. In the present study, we objectively evaluated SIH using glycemic gap (GG) and identified its radiological and clinical determinants, with a 5-year retrospective review of charts of ICH patients. We calculated GG using the regression equation (GG = AG -28.7 × HbA1c + 46.7) and evaluated whether GG is an independent predictor of mortality using a multivariate regression model. Radiological volumes of different intracranial compartments were determined using image segmentation software. We correlated GG with different clinical and radiological parameters using Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), Spearman's rank correlation (SRC), and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Then, we calculated the value of GG associated with mortality. Out of 328 patients, 238 (73%) survived hospitalization and 90 (27%) expired. GG was found to be an independent predictor of mortality (r=0.008, p=0.04). Additionally, GG was positively correlated with intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) volume (PCC=0.185, p<0.01) and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) volume (PCC=0.233, p<0.01) and negatively correlated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume (PCC=-0.151, p<0.01) and brain tissue volume (PCC=-0.099, p=0.08). GG was positively correlated with patients' ICH score (SRC=0.377, p<0.01), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) (PCC=-0.356, p<0.01), hydrocephalus (p<0.01), and IVH in the third ventricle (p<0.01). The univariate logistic regression model identified 30.0 mg/dl as the value of GG (AUC=0.655, p<0.01) that predicted mortality with 52.2% sensitivity and 75.2% specificity and defined SIH. In conclusion, GG independently predicts mortality in ICH patients and positively correlates with IPH and IVH volumes. However, causality between the two is not established and would require specifically designed studies. |
2,330,453 | Neuron navigator 3 (NAV3) is required for heart development in zebrafish. | As a tightly controlled biological process, cardiogenesis requires the specification and migration of a suite of cell types to form a particular three-dimensional configuration of the heart. Many genetic factors are involved in the formation and maturation of the heart, and any genetic mutations may result in severe cardiac failures. The neuron navigator (NAV) family consists of three vertebrate homologs (NAV1, NAV2, and NAV3) of the neural guidance molecule uncoordinated-53 (UNC-53) in Caenorhabditis elegans. Although they are recognized as neural regulators, their expressions are also detected in many organs, including the heart, kidney, and liver. However, the functions of NAVs, regardless of neural guidance, remain largely unexplored. In our study, we found that nav3 gene was expressed in the cardiac region of zebrafish embryos from 24 to 48 h post-fertilization (hpf) by means of in situ hybridization (ISH) assay. A CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing method was utilized to delete the nav3 gene in zebrafish and loss of function of Nav3 resulted in a severe deficiency in its cardiac morphology and structure. The similar phenotypic defects of the knockout mutants could recur by nav3 morpholino injection and be rescued by nav3 mRNA injection. Dual-color fluorescence imaging of ventricle and atrium markers further confirmed the disruption of the heart development in nav3-deleted mutants. Although the heart rate was not affected by the deletion of nav3, the heartbeat intensity was decreased in the mutants. All these findings indicate that Nav3 was required for cardiogenesis in developing zebrafish embryos. |
2,330,454 | Devices for Ventricular Reconstruction in Heart Failure Due to Infarct Cardiomyopathy.<Pagination><StartPage>614</StartPage><EndPage>616</EndPage><MedlinePgn>614-616</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.cardfail.2022.01.005</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S1071-9164(22)00008-2</ELocationID><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Everett</LastName><ForeName>Kay D</ForeName><Initials>KD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kapur</LastName><ForeName>Navin K</ForeName><Initials>NK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address: nkapur@tuftsmedicalcenter.org.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016421">Editorial</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016420">Comment</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2022</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>14</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>J Card Fail</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9442138</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1071-9164</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentOn"><RefSource>J Card Fail. 2022 Apr;28(4):604-613</RefSource><PMID Version="1">35105522</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009202" MajorTopicYN="Y">Cardiomyopathies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006333" MajorTopicYN="Y">Heart Failure</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="N">etiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000601" MajorTopicYN="N">surgery</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006352" MajorTopicYN="N">Heart Ventricles</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000601" MajorTopicYN="N">surgery</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006353" MajorTopicYN="Y">Heart-Assist Devices</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007238" MajorTopicYN="N">Infarction</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016277" MajorTopicYN="N">Ventricular Function, Left</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2022</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>6</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2022</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>6</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2022</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>18</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2022</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>20</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2022</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>17</Day><Hour>20</Hour><Minute>12</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">35038596</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.cardfail.2022.01.005</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S1071-9164(22)00008-2</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">35038287</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2022</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>09</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1477-111X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><PubDate><Year>2022</Year><Month>Jan</Month><Day>17</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Perfusion</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Perfusion</ISOAbbreviation></Journal>A mock circulation loop to evaluate differential hypoxemia during peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. | Peripheral veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) creates a retrograde flow along the aorta competing with the left ventricle (LV) in the so-called 'mixing zone' (MZ). Detecting it is essential to understand which of the LV or the ECMO flow perfuses the upper body - particularly the brain and the coronary arteries - in case of differential hypoxemia (DH).</AbstractText>We described a mock circulation loop (MCL) that enabled experimental research on DH. We recreated the three clinical situations relevant to clinicians: where the brain is either totally perfused by the ECMO or the LV or both. In a second step, we used this model to investigate two scenarios to diagnose DH: (i) pulse pressure and (ii) thermodilution via injection of cold saline in the ECMO circuit.</AbstractText>The presented MCL was able to reproduce the three relevant mixing zones within the aortic arch, thus allowing to study DH. Pulse pressure was unable to detect location of the MZ. However, the thermodilution method was able to detect whether the brain was totally perfused by the ECMO or not.</AbstractText>We validated an in-vitro</i> differential hypoxemia model of cardiogenic shock supported by VA ECMO. This MCL could be used as an alternative to animal studies for research scenarios.</AbstractText> |
2,330,455 | Anatomy of the occipital lobe using lateral and posterior approaches: a neuroanatomical study with a neurosurgical perspective on intraoperative brain mapping. | A major concern of occipital lobe surgery is the risk of visual field deficits. Extending anatomical occipital lobectomy to the functional requires awake conditions because the anterior resection border comprises language-, motor- and visuospatial function-related areas within the temporal and parietal lobes. This study investigated the lateral and posterior perspectives of the occipital lobe anatomy when approaching intraaxial occipital lobe lesions.</AbstractText>Ten adult cadaveric cerebral hemispheres were dissected after being prepared following the concept described by Klingler for the first time.</AbstractText>The occipital lobe was located posteriorly to the parietotemporal line. Within the occipital lobe, the occipital horn of the lateral ventricle represented the only anatomical landmark. Laterally, optic radiation was identified as a part of the sagittal stratum. None of the intraoperatively identifiable tracts was found medial to the occipital horn. Language- and motor-related areas were identified anteriorly and should be actively identified when lobectomy based on function is planned. Subcortically, from a posterior perspective, the anterolateral border constituted the arcuate fascicle/superior longitudinal fascicle complex and was anteromedial to the thalamocortical tract. Remaining posterior to the line connecting the preoccipital notch with the superior Rolandic point avoided the cortical and white matter tracts related to language, motor and visuospatial function.</AbstractText>Knowledge of occipital lobe anatomy and surrounding structures is essential to preoperatively assess the risk of the procedure and proper consultation of a patient in terms of the extent of resection, primarily concerning visual field deficits.</AbstractText> |
2,330,456 | Coupling between cerebrovascular oscillations and CSF flow fluctuations during wakefulness: An fMRI study. | It is commonly believed that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) movement is facilitated by blood vessel wall movements (i.e., hemodynamic oscillations) in the brain. A coherent pattern of low frequency hemodynamic oscillations and CSF movement was recently found during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep via functional MRI. This finding raises other fundamental questions: 1) the explanation of coupling between hemodynamic oscillations and CSF movement from fMRI signals; 2) the existence of the coupling during wakefulness; 3) the direction of CSF movement. In this resting state fMRI study, we proposed a mechanical model to explain the coupling between hemodynamics and CSF movement through the lens of fMRI. Time delays between CSF movement and global hemodynamics were calculated. The observed delays between hemodynamics and CSF movement match those predicted by the model. Moreover, by conducting separate fMRI scans of the brain and neck, we confirmed the low frequency CSF movement at the fourth ventricle is bidirectional. Our finding also demonstrates that CSF movement is facilitated by changes in cerebral blood volume mainly in the low frequency range, even when the individual is awake. |
2,330,457 | Metabolic Reprogramming of the Right Ventricle and Pulmonary Arteries in a Flow-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Rat Model. | Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex devastating disease relevant to remarkable metabolic dysregulation. Although various research studies on PAH from a metabolic perspective have been emerging, pathogenesis of PAH varies in different categories. Research on metabolic reprogramming in flow-associated PAH remains insufficient. An untargeted metabolomic profiling platform was used to evaluate the metabolic profile of pulmonary arteries (PAs) as well as the right ventricle (RV) in a flow-associated PAH rat model in the present work. A total of 79 PAs and 128 RV metabolites were significantly altered in PAH rats, among which 39 metabolites were assessed as shared dysregulated metabolites in PAs and the RV. Pathway analysis elucidated that, in PAs of PAH rats, pathways of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis and linoleic acid metabolism were significantly altered, while in the RV, arginine biosynthesis and linoleic acid metabolism were altered dramatically. Further integrated analysis of shared dysregulated PA and RV metabolites demonstrated that the linoleic acid metabolism and the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism were the key pathways involved in the pathogenesis of flow-associated PAH. Results obtained from the present work indicate that the PAH pathogenesis could be mediated by widespread metabolic reprogramming. In particular, the dysregulation of AA metabolism may considerably contribute to the development of high blood flow-associated PAH. |
2,330,458 | Left ventricular mass regression, all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis.<Pagination><StartPage>34</StartPage><MedlinePgn>34</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">34</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1186/s12882-022-02666-1</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND">Cardiovascular disease is an important driver of the increased mortality associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Higher left ventricular mass (LVM) predicts increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes and total mortality, but previous reviews have shown no clear association between intervention-induced LVM change and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality in CKD.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS">The primary objective of this meta-analysis was to investigate whether treatment-induced reductions in LVM over periods ≥12 months were associated with all-cause mortality in patients with CKD. Cardiovascular mortality was investigated as a secondary outcome. Measures of association in the form of relative risks (RRs) with associated variability and precision (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were extracted directly from each study, when reported, or were calculated based on the published data, if possible, and pooled RR estimates were determined.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS">The meta-analysis included 42 trials with duration ≥12 months: 6 of erythropoietin stimulating agents treating to higher vs. lower hemoglobin targets, 10 of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors vs. placebo or another blood pressure lowering agent, 14 of modified hemodialysis regimens, and 12 of other types of interventions. All-cause mortality was reported in 121/2584 (4.86%) subjects in intervention groups and 168/2606 (6.45%) subjects in control groups. The pooled RR estimate of the 27 trials ≥12 months with ≥1 event in ≥1 group was 0.72 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.90, p = 0.005), with little heterogeneity across studies. Directionalities of the associations in intervention subgroups were the same. Sensitivity analyses of ≥6 months (34 trials), ≥9 months (29 trials), and >12 months (10 trials), and including studies with no events in either group, demonstrated similar risk reductions to the primary analysis. The point estimate for cardiovascular mortality was similar to all-cause mortality, but not statistically significant: RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.16.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS">These results suggest that LVM regression may be a useful surrogate marker for benefits of interventions intended to reduce mortality risk in patients with CKD.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2022. The Author(s).</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Maki</LastName><ForeName>Kevin C</ForeName><Initials>KC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, 1025 E 7th St #111, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA. kcmaki@iu.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Midwest Biomedical Research, Addison, IL, USA. kcmaki@iu.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wilcox</LastName><ForeName>Meredith L</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Midwest Biomedical Research, Addison, IL, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dicklin</LastName><ForeName>Mary R</ForeName><Initials>MR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Midwest Biomedical Research, Addison, IL, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kakkar</LastName><ForeName>Rahul</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Davidson</LastName><ForeName>Michael H</ForeName><Initials>MH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D017418">Meta-Analysis</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2022</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>16</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>BMC Nephrol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>100967793</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1471-2369</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002318" MajorTopicYN="N">Cardiovascular Diseases</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="Y">etiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000401" MajorTopicYN="Y">mortality</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002423" MajorTopicYN="N">Cause of Death</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006352" MajorTopicYN="N">Heart Ventricles</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="Y">pathology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051436" MajorTopicYN="N">Renal Insufficiency, Chronic</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000150" MajorTopicYN="Y">complications</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Cardiovascular disease</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Chronic kidney disease</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Left ventricular mass index</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Mortality</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>M.H.D. and R.K. are former employees of Corvidia Therapeutics, Inc. 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Circulation. 2000;101(25):2981–2988.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">10869273</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedBookArticle><BookDocument><PMID Version="1">30020660</PMID><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="bookaccession">NBK513288</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><Book><Publisher><PublisherName>StatPearls Publishing</PublisherName><PublisherLocation>Treasure Island (FL)</PublisherLocation></Publisher><BookTitle book="statpearls">StatPearls</BookTitle><PubDate><Year>2023</Year><Month>01</Month></PubDate><BeginningDate><Year>2023</Year><Month>01</Month></BeginningDate><Medium>Internet</Medium></Book><ArticleTitle book="statpearls" part="article-30004">Tetralogy of Fallot | Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), historically and appropriately referred to as Steno-Fallot tetralogy, was first described by the Danish physician/anatomist Dane Niels Stensen, also referenced as Nicoulas Steno in Latin, a pioneer in anatomy and geology. His work made significant contributions to the field of cardiac anatomy and pathology. The discovery of the constellation of findings that hallmark the tetralogy was first described in a short paper titled “Dissection of a Monstrous Foetus in Paris” in 1671, highlighting the unusual form in which the arteries emerge, the narrowing of the pulmonary artery, the absence of the ductus arteriosus, a subaortic interventricular septal defect, an overriding aortic canal common to both ventricles, and the physiology of fetal cardiac circulation describing how blood was redirected directly into the aorta instead of the pulmonary artery. In 1777, Eduard Sandifort, a Dutch physician, reported a case of tetralogy in a 16-month-old patient called “the blue boy.” At first, he was thought to have asthma; however, an autopsy revealed a congenitally malformed heart with no signs of ductus arteriosus or ligamentum arteriosum. Later in 1782, William Hunter, a Scottish physician, presented to the Society of Physicians in London a case of a 13-year-old boy with tetralogy and blue spells, who was discovered posthumously in 1774, along with three other cases of congenital heart disease. Many other cases have been presented by Pulteney (1785), Abernethy (1793), Bell (1797), Dorsey (1812), and Farre (1814). The first case was reported in America at the University of Pennsylvania by Thaxter in 1816, with subsequent cases reported by Peacock (1858 and 1869), Widman (1881), and finally Fallot (1888). Etienne-Louis Arthur Fallot described in an elegant style and detail four cardinal features that differentiate it from other cyanotic cardiac conditions, emphasizing that this was not a product of chance and that cyanosis was not caused by a patent foramen ovale, as proposed by many others. He attributed it to an intrauterine pathologic process and understood that this tetralogy was essentially just one anomaly involving the pulmonary artery and the subpulmonary infundibulum, causing pulmonary stenosis, an interventricular communication, the biventricular origin of the aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy, disqualifying the patency of the foramen ovale as a fifth anatomical association. The names used by Fallot were “La maladie bleue” (the blue disease) or “cyanose cardiaque” (cardiac cyanosis). In 1924, Maude Elizabeth Seymour Abbott, a pioneer in pediatric cardiology of Montreal, Canada, entitled it “tetralogy of Fallot.” |
2,330,459 | Image-Guided versus Freehand Ventricular Drain Insertion: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. | Ventricular drain insertion is a common neurosurgical procedure, typically performed using a freehand approach. Use of image guidance during drain insertion could improve accuracy and reduce the incidence of drain failure. This review aims to assess the impact of image guidance on drain placement accuracy, failure rate, and number of ventricular cannulation attempts.</AbstractText>We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to February 2021 for studies comparing image-guided versus freehand ventricular drain insertion. Two reviewers independently screened studies for eligibility, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias and quality of evidence. Pooled data were reported using random effects model. The ROBINS-I tool was used to assess risk of bias and the GRADE approach was used to assess quality of evidence.</AbstractText>Of 1102 studies retrieved, 17 were included for a total of 3404 patients. All included studies were of non-randomized design. Pooled data on drain accuracy and drain failure rates showed favorable effect of image guidance, with risk ratio of 1.31 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-1.51, low quality evidence) and 0.63 (95% CI 0.48-0.83, moderate quality evidence), respectively. Pooled data were equivocal for number of attempts with mean difference score of -0.14 times (95% CI -0.44 to 0.15, very low-quality evidence). Heterogeneity was substantial for drain accuracy and failure rate outcomes.</AbstractText>In patients undergoing ventricular drain insertion, the use of image guidance may enhance drain accuracy and reduce drain failure rate. The use of image guidance probably does not decrease the number of drain insertion attempts.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,460 | The effects of mesenchymal stem cells transplantation on A1 neurotoxic reactive astrocyte and demyelination in the cuprizone model. | Multiple sclerosis (MS), which is an autoimmune disease, is characterized by symptoms such as demyelination, axonal damage, and astrogliosis. As the most abundant type of glial cells, astrocytes play an important role in MS pathogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a subset of stromal cells that have the potential for migration, immune-modulation, differentiation, remyelination, and neuroregeneration. Therefore, the present study evaluates the effects of MSC transplantation on A1 reactive astrocytes and the remyelination process in the cuprizone mouse model. The study used 30 male C57BL/6 mice, which were randomly distributed into three subgroups (n = 10), i.e., control, cuprizone, and transplanted MSCs groups. In order to generate a chronic demyelination model, the mice in the cuprizone group received food mixed with 0.2% cuprizone powder for 12 weeks. Then, 2 μl of DMEM containing approximately 3 × 10<sup>5</sup> DiI labeled cells was injected with a 4-min interval into the right lateral ventricle using a 10-μl Hamilton syringe. After 2 weeks of cell transplantation, we used the rotarod test to evaluate the behavioral deficits, while the remyelination process was assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Luxol Fast Blue (LFB) staining. We assessed the population of A1 astrocytes and oligodendrocytes using specific markers, such as C3, GFAP, and Olig2, using the immunefleurocent method. The pro-inflammatory and trophic factors were assessed by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. According to our data, the specific marker of A1 astrocytes (C3) decreased in the MSCs group, while the number of oligodendrocytes significantly increased in this group compared to the cuprizone mice. Additionally, MSC was able to enhance the remyelination process after cuprizone usage, as shown by LFB and TEM images. The molecular results showed that MSCs could reduce pro-inflammatory factors, such as IL-1 and TNF-α, through the secretion of BDNF and TGF-β as trophic factors. The obtained results indicated that MSC could reduce demyelination and inflammation by decreasing A1 neurotoxic reactive astrocytes and neurotrophic and immunomodulatory factors secretion in the chronic cuprizone demyelination model. |
2,330,461 | Antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of cannabidiol in model of ischemic stroke in rats. | One of the main non-psychoactive phytocannabinoids of cannabis is cannabidiol (CBD), which has attracted much attention for its neuroprotective roles. The present study was designed to assess whether pretreatment of CBD can attenuate two of the destructive processes of cerebral ischemia, including oxidative stress and cell death. The male rats were randomly divided into 6 main groups (control, MCAO, vehicle, and CBD-treated groups). Using stereotaxic surgery, a cannula was inserted into the right lateral ventricle of the rat brain. CBD was injected at doses of 50, 100 and 200 ng/rat for five consecutive days. After pretreatment, middle cerebral artery (MCA) was blocked for 60 min using the intraluminal filament technique. 24 h after reperfusion, each main group was considered for measurement of infarct volume, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), p53 gene expression, pathological alterations, and expression of Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome C, and caspase-3 proteins. The results revealed that CBD at dose of 100 ng/rat reduced the infarction volume and MDA level in cortical and striatal areas of rat brain compared with vehicle group. In addition, the CBD at dose of 100 ng/rat elevated the activity of SOD enzyme in cortex and striatum. The increase in the activity of CAT was also seen at dose of 100 ng/rat in cortex. Furthermore, the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was significantly diminished by the dose of 100 ng/rat CBD in cortex. Moreover, a decrease in expression of cytosolic cytochrome C was observed by CBD at doses of 100 and 200 ng/rat in cortex. CBD at doses 100 and 200 ng/rat also reduced the expression of caspase-3 in cortical and striatal areas, respectively. P53 was downregulated following administration of CBD at dose of 100 ng/rat. Moreover, histological analysis showed the decrease in the percentage of pyknotic neurons in 100 and 200 ng/rat CBD-received groups. CBD played the anti-apoptosis and anti-oxidant roles in cerebral ischemia by affecting the pathways of intrinsic apoptosis, endogenous antioxidant enzymes, and lipid peroxidation. |
2,330,462 | Sublethal exposure to Microcystis aeruginosa extracts during embryonic development reduces aerobic swimming capacity in juvenile zebrafish. | In the last decades, cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) pose an intensifying ecological threat. Microcystis aeruginosa is a common CyanoHAB species in freshwater ecosystems, with severe toxic effects in a wide range of organisms. In the present paper we examined whether transient and short (48 h) exposure of fish embryos to sublethal levels of M. aeruginosa crude extract (200 mg biomass dw L<sup>-1</sup>) affects swimming performance at later life stages (end of metamorphosis, ca 12 mm TL, 22,23 days post-fertilization). Pre-exposed metamorphosing larvae presented a significant decrease in swimming performance (9.7 ± 1.6 vs 11.4 ± 1.7 TL s<sup>-1</sup> in the control group, p < 0.01), and a significant decrease in the ventricle length-to-depth ratio (1.23 ± 0.15 vs 1.42 ± 0.15 in control fish, p < 0.05). In addition, extract-exposed fish presented significantly elevated rates of vertebral abnormalities (82 ± 13% vs 7 ± 4% in the control group), mainly consisting of the presence of extra neural and haemal processes. No significant differences between groups were detected in survival and growth rates. Results are discussed in respect to the mechanisms that might mediate the detected cyanobacterial effects. This is the first evidence of a direct link between sublethal exposure to M. aeruginosa during the embryonic period and swimming performance at later life-stages. Decreased swimming performance, altered cardiac shape, and elevated vertebral abnormalities in response to early exposure to M. aeruginosa could have significant effects on fish populations in the wild. |
2,330,463 | Intraventricular Choroid Plexus Cavernoma Resection Using Tubular Retractor System and Exoscope Visualization: A Technical Case Report. | Cavernous malformations (CMs) account for approximately 5% to 10% of all CNS vascular malformations, and intraventricular CMs (IVCMs) are a rare subtype, accounting for 2.5% to 10.8% of all intracranial CMs. IVCMs can expand rapidly, leading to compression of adjacent structures, intraventricular hemorrhage, and obstructive hydrocephalus. Diagnosis is challenging because it can mimic a variety of other lesions.</AbstractText>A 71-year-old man presented after a fall because of imbalance. MRI of the head showed a homogenously enhancing 2-cm mass in the posterior aspect of the right lateral ventricle, with blood layering in the right occipital horn and adjacent parietal edema and leptomeningeal enhancement, as well as a pituitary lesion.</AbstractText>The patient underwent a right parietal craniotomy for resection of the mass. The ventricle was accessed through a transsulcal approach through the intraparietal sulcus using a tubular retractor system. The mass was arising from the choroid plexus and dissected free in a piecemeal fashion. Postoperative imaging confirmed gross total resection, and the patient had an uneventful recovery.</AbstractText>Here, we present the first case of a choroid plexus IVCM removed using a tubular retractor system. We demonstrate that this is a safe and effective approach for this rare lesion given the minimal traction on brain parenchyma and enhanced visualization of a deep-seated cavernoma in the lateral ventricle.</AbstractText>Copyright © Congress of Neurological Surgeons 2022. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,464 | Intravital Imaging of the Murine Subventricular Zone with Three Photon Microscopy. | The mouse subventricular zone (SVZ) produces neurons throughout life. It is useful for mechanism discovery and is relevant for regeneration. However, the SVZ is deep, significantly restricting live imaging since current methods do not extend beyond a few hundred microns. We developed and adapted three-photon microscopy (3PM) for non-invasive deep brain imaging in live mice, but its utility in imaging the SVZ niche was unknown. Here, with fluorescent dyes and genetic labeling, we show successful 3PM imaging in the whole SVZ, extending to a maximum depth of 1.5 mm ventral to the dura mater. 3PM imaging distinguished multiple SVZ cell types in postnatal and juvenile mice. We also detected fine processes on neural stem cells interacting with the vasculature. Previous live imaging removed overlying cortical tissue or lowered lenses into the brain, which could cause inflammation and alter neurogenesis. We found that neither astrocytes nor microglia become activated in the SVZ, suggesting 3PM does not induce major damage in the niche. Thus, we show for the first time 3PM imaging of the SVZ in live mice. This strategy could be useful for intravital visualization of cell dynamics, molecular, and pathological perturbation and regenerative events. |
2,330,465 | Myocardial T2 values at 1.5 T by a segmental approach with healthy aging and gender. | Our aims were to obtain myocardial regional and global T2 values as a reference for normality for the first time using a GE scanner and to assess their association with physiological variables.</AbstractText>One hundred healthy volunteers aged 20-70 years (50% females) underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Basal, mid-ventricular, and apical short-axis slices of the left ventricle were acquired by a multi-echo fast-spin-echo (MEFSE) sequence. Image analysis was performed with a commercially available software package. The T2 value was assessed in all 16 myocardial segments and the global value was the mean.</AbstractText>The global T2 value averaged across all subjects was 52.2 ± 2.5 ms (range: 47.0-59.9 ms). Inter-study, intra-observer, and inter-observer reproducibility was good (coefficient of variation < 5%). 3.6% of the segments was excluded because of artifacts and/or partial-volume effects. Segmental T2 values differed significantly (p < 0.0001), with the lowest value in the basal anterolateral segment (50.0 ± 3.5 ms) and the highest in the apical lateral segment (54.9 ± 5.1 ms). Mean T2 was significantly lower in the basal slice compared to both mid-ventricular and apical slices and in the mid-ventricular slice than in the apical slice. Aging was associated with increased segmental and global T2 values. Females showed higher T2 values than males. T2 values were not correlated to heart rate. A significant inverse correlation was detected between global T2 values and mean wall thickness.</AbstractText>The optimized MEFSE sequence allows for robust and reproducible quantification of segmental T2 values. Gender- and age-specific segmental reference values must be defined for distinguishing healthy and diseased myocardium.</AbstractText>• In healthy subjects, T2 values differ among myocardial segments and are influenced by age and gender. • Normal T2 values in the myocardium, usable as a benchmark by other GE sites, were established.</AbstractText>© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Society of Radiology.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,466 | The impact of Alzheimer's disease susceptibility loci on lateral ventricular surface morphology in older adults. | The enlargement of ventricular volume is a general trend in the elderly, especially in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Multiple susceptibility loci have been reported to have an increased risk for AD and the morphology of brain structures are affected by the variations in the risk loci. Therefore, we hypothesized that genes contributed significantly to the ventricular surface, and the changes of ventricular surface were associated with the impairment of cognitive functions. After the quality controls (QC) and genotyping, a lateral ventricular segmentation method was employed to obtain the surface features of lateral ventricle. We evaluated the influence of 18 selected AD susceptibility loci on both volume and surface morphology across 410 subjects from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Correlations were conducted between radial distance (RD) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) subscales. Only the C allele at the rs744373 loci in BIN1 gene significantly accelerated the atrophy of lateral ventricle, including the anterior horn, body, and temporal horn of left lateral ventricle. No significant effect on lateral ventricle was found at other loci. Our results revealed that most regions of the bilateral ventricular surface were significantly negatively correlated with cognitive scores, particularly in delayed recall. Besides, small areas of surface were negatively correlated with language, orientation, and visuospatial scores. Together, our results indicated that the genetic variation affected the localized areas of lateral ventricular surface, and supported that lateral ventricle was an important brain structure associated with cognition in the elderly. |
2,330,467 | Primary cardiac fibroma of the right ventricle in an adult: report of one case. | Cardiac fibroma is a rare primary benign cardiac tumor, especially in adults. It often occurs in the interventricular septum and free wall of the left ventricle and is solitary and space-occupying with clear boundaries. Here we report a 27-year-old male with a cardiac fibroma in the right ventricle, with extensive infiltrative growth. He was admitted to hospital with the complaint of exertional chest tightness, shortness of breath, hemoptysis, and edema of lower extremities. Ultrasound showed a large right ventricular mass blocking the outflow tract. The patient underwent palliative resection. Pathologic examination and Masson staining showed that collagen tissue proliferated and infiltrated myocardial fibers. The final diagnosis was cardiac fibroma. |
2,330,468 | Dimethyl Fumarate as the Peripheral Blood Inflammatory Mediators Inhibitor in Prevention of Streptozotocin-Induced Neuroinflammation in Aged Rats. | Intracerebroventricular-(ICV)-streptozotocin-(STZ)-induced neuroinflammation is a model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) compatible with the inflammation hypothesis of ageing ("inflammaging" state). Previously, we observed age-dependent (young vs aged) dimethyl fumarate (DMF)-induced anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in the brain along with improvement in cognitive functions in rats with the ICV-STZ-induced model of AD. To evaluate whether DMF reduces neuroinflammation based on the peripheral inflammatory response inhibition, we determined peripheral inflammatory mediators in young and aged rats with the ICV-STZ-induced AD pathology following DMF therapy.</AbstractText>Young (4-month-old) and aged (22-month-old) rats were fed with 0.4% DMF rat chow for 21 consecutive days after ICV-STZ (3 mg/ventricle) injections. After behavioral testing, blood and spleens were collected to determine the numbers of leukocytes (WBC), lymphocytes and their subpopulations, haematological parameters, the concanavalin (Con)-A-induced production and plasma concentration of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and corticosterone (COR).</AbstractText>Age-dependent anti-inflammatory effect of the DMF treatment in rats with ICV-STZ injections manifested as decreased peripheral WBC and lymphocyte numbers, including TCD3+</sup>CD4+</sup>CD8-</sup>, TCD3+</sup>CD4-</sup>CD8+</sup>, B (CD45RA+</sup>) and NK (161a+</sup>), in aged rats. Furthermore, DMF lowered the blood and spleen lymphocyte production of pro-inflammatory IFN-γ and IL-6 in young and aged rats, whereas it enhanced the plasma level of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and lymphocyte's ability to produce it in aged rats only. In parallel to changes in peripheral WBC numbers in the model of AD, DMF decreased the red blood cell number, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit and mean platelet volume in aged, but not young, rats. In contrast to controls, DMF did not influence the COR response in STZ groups.</AbstractText>Besides preventing neuroinflammation, DMF acts on the pro-/anti-inflammatory balance in the periphery and causes an anti-inflammatory shift in T lymphocytes which could contribute to DMF's therapeutic effects in the ICV-STZ-induced model of AD, in particular, in aged rats.</AbstractText>© 2022 Wrona et al.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,469 | Grading Trigone Meningiomas Using Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging and Perfusion-Weighted Imaging. | To compare conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), and perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) characteristics in different grades of trigone meningiomas.</AbstractText>Thirty patients with trigone meningiomas were enrolled in this retrospective study. Conventional MRI was performed in all patients; SWI (17 cases), dynamic contrast-enhanced PWI (10 cases), and dynamic susceptibility contrast PWI (6 cases) were performed. Demographics, conventional MRI features, SWI- and PWI-derived parameters were compared between different grades of trigone meningiomas.</AbstractText>On conventional MRI, the irregularity of tumor shape (ρ = 0.497, P = 0.005) and the extent of peritumoral edema (ρ = 0.187, P = 0.022) might help distinguish low-grade and high-grade trigone meningiomas. On multiparametric functional MRI, rTTPmax (1.17 ± 0.06 vs 1.30 ± 0.05, P = 0.048), Kep, Ve, and iAUC demonstrated their potentiality to predict World Health Organization grades I, II, and III trigone meningiomas.</AbstractText>Conventional MRI combined with dynamic susceptibility contrast and dynamic contrast-enhanced can help predict the World Health Organization grade of trigone meningiomas.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,470 | A Shared Transcriptional Identity for Forebrain and Dentate Gyrus Neural Stem Cells from Embryogenesis to Adulthood. | Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) reside in two distinct niches in the mammalian brain, the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) of the forebrain lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. They are thought to be molecularly distinct since V-SVZ NSCs produce inhibitory olfactory bulb (OB) interneurons and SGZ NSCs excitatory dentate granule neurons. Here, we have asked whether this is so by directly comparing V-SVZ and SGZ NSCs from embryogenesis to adulthood using single-cell transcriptional data. We show that the embryonic radial glial precursor (RP) parents of these two NSC populations are very similar, but differentially express a small cohort of genes involved in glutamatergic versus GABAergic neurogenesis. These different RPs then undergo a similar gradual transition to a dormant adult NSC state over the first three postnatal weeks. This dormancy state involves transcriptional shutdown of genes that maintain an active, proliferative, prodifferentiation state and induction of genes involved in sensing and regulating their niche environment. Moreover, when reactivated to generate adult-born progeny, both populations reacquire a development-like state and re-express proneurogenic genes. Thus, V-SVZ and SGZ NSCs share a common transcriptional state throughout their lifespans and transition into and out of dormancy via similar trajectories. |
2,330,471 | Visual acuity loss and sixth nerve palsy as the only manifestations of slit ventricle syndrome. | The case is presented of a girl diagnosed with obstructive hydrocephalus due to pilomyxoid astrocytoma, which required a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) at the age of 5 years and 10 months. Two months later, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain did not show ventriculomegaly or other signs of increased intracranial pressure. At the age of 6 years and 2 months, a rapid onset of bilateral visual acuity loss developed and she was diagnosed with slit ventricle syndrome. Despite valve revisions of the VPS, she developed an abrupt decline of visual acuity to hand motion at 10 cm. Fundus examination revealed bilateral optic atrophy. She did not report any other systemic symptoms suggesting increased intracranial pressure, such as headache, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, irritability, or altered levels of consciousness. |
2,330,472 | Immune response and pathogen invasion at the choroid plexus in the onset of cerebral toxoplasmosis. | Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a highly successful parasite being able to cross all biological barriers of the body, finally reaching the central nervous system (CNS). Previous studies have highlighted the critical involvement of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during T. gondii invasion and development of subsequent neuroinflammation. Still, the potential contribution of the choroid plexus (CP), the main structure forming the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier (BCSFB) have not been addressed.</AbstractText>To investigate T. gondii invasion at the onset of neuroinflammation, the CP and brain microvessels (BMV) were isolated and analyzed for parasite burden. Additionally, immuno-stained brain sections and three-dimensional whole mount preparations were evaluated for parasite localization and morphological alterations. Activation of choroidal and brain endothelial cells were characterized by flow cytometry. To evaluate the impact of early immune responses on CP and BMV, expression levels of inflammatory mediators, tight junctions (TJ) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were quantified. Additionally, FITC-dextran was applied to determine infection-related changes in BCSFB permeability. Finally, the response of primary CP epithelial cells to T. gondii parasites was tested in vitro.</AbstractText>Here we revealed that endothelial cells in the CP are initially infected by T. gondii, and become activated prior to BBB endothelial cells indicated by MHCII upregulation. Additionally, CP elicited early local immune response with upregulation of IFN-γ, TNF, IL-6, host-defence factors as well as swift expression of CXCL9 chemokine, when compared to the BMV. Consequently, we uncovered distinct TJ disturbances of claudins, associated with upregulation of MMP-8 and MMP-13 expression in infected CP in vivo, which was confirmed by in vitro infection of primary CP epithelial cells. Notably, we detected early barrier damage and functional loss by increased BCSFB permeability to FITC-dextran in vivo, which was extended over the infection course.</AbstractText>Altogether, our data reveal a close interaction between T. gondii infection at the CP and the impairment of the BCSFB function indicating that infection-related neuroinflammation is initiated in the CP.</AbstractText>© 2022. The Author(s).</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,473 | Usefulness of two-dimensional measurements for the evaluation of brain volume and disability in multiple sclerosis. | Two-dimensional (2D) measures have been proposed as potential proxies for whole-brain volume in multiple sclerosis (MS).</AbstractText>To verify whether 2D measurements by routine MRI are useful in predicting brain volume or disability in MS.</AbstractText>In this cross-sectional analysis, eighty-five consecutive Japanese MS patients-relapsing-remitting MS (81%) and progressive MS (19%)-underwent 1.5 Tesla T1-weighted 3D MRI examinations to measure whole-brain and grey matter volume. 2D measurements, namely, third ventricle width, lateral ventricle width (LVW), brain width, bicaudate ratio, and corpus callosum index (CCI), were obtained from each scan. Correlations between 2D measurements and 3D measurements, the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), or processing speed were analysed.</AbstractText>The third and lateral ventricle widths were well-correlated with the whole-brain volume (p</i> < 0.0001), grey matter volume (p</i> < 0.0001), and EDSS scores (p</i> = 0.0001, p</i> = .0004, respectively).The least squares regression model revealed that 78% of the variation in whole-brain volume could be explained using five explanatory variables, namely, LVW, CCI, age, sex, and disease duration. By contrast, the partial correlation coefficient excluding the effect of age showed that the CCI was significantly correlated with the EDSS and processing speed (p</i> < 0.0001).</AbstractText>Ventricle width correlated well with brain volumes, while the CCI correlated well with age-independent (i.e. disease-induced) disability.</AbstractText>© The Author(s), 2022.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,474 | Ocular manifestations in a patient with Dandy-Walker malformation: A case report. | We present a unique case of a ten-month-old boy with a protruding left globe and vitreous haemorrhaging, and later being diagnosed as a case of a dandy-walker syndrome (DWS) with buphthalmos and vitreous haemorrhage. Treatment is depending on the symptoms reported, thus close monitoring and a multidisciplinary approach are essential. We would like to recommend that even if there are no cardinal symptoms of DWS, paediatric patients with ocular signs should have Dandy walker Malformation (DWM) considered as a differential diagnosis. |
2,330,475 | Automatic brain segmentation in preterm infants with post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus using 3D Bayesian U-Net. | Post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) is a severe complication of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in very preterm infants. PHH monitoring and treatment decisions rely heavily on manual and subjective two-dimensional measurements of the ventricles. Automatic and reliable three-dimensional (3D) measurements of the ventricles may provide a more accurate assessment of PHH, and lead to improved monitoring and treatment decisions. To accurately and efficiently obtain these 3D measurements, automatic segmentation of the ventricles can be explored. However, this segmentation is challenging due to the large ventricular anatomical shape variability in preterm infants diagnosed with PHH. This study aims to (a) propose a Bayesian U-Net method using 3D spatial concrete dropout for automatic brain segmentation (with uncertainty assessment) of preterm infants with PHH; and (b) compare the Bayesian method to three reference methods: DenseNet, U-Net, and ensemble learning using DenseNets and U-Nets. A total of 41 T<sub>2</sub> -weighted MRIs from 27 preterm infants were manually segmented into lateral ventricles, external CSF, white and cortical gray matter, brainstem, and cerebellum. These segmentations were used as ground truth for model evaluation. All methods were trained and evaluated using 4-fold cross-validation and segmentation endpoints, with additional uncertainty endpoints for the Bayesian method. In the lateral ventricles, segmentation endpoint values for the DenseNet, U-Net, ensemble learning, and Bayesian U-Net methods were mean Dice score = 0.814 ± 0.213, 0.944 ± 0.041, 0.942 ± 0.042, and 0.948 ± 0.034 respectively. Uncertainty endpoint values for the Bayesian U-Net were mean recall = 0.953 ± 0.037, mean  negative predictive value = 0.998 ± 0.005, mean accuracy = 0.906 ± 0.032, and mean AUC = 0.949 ± 0.031. To conclude, the Bayesian U-Net showed the best segmentation results across all methods and provided accurate uncertainty maps. This method may be used in clinical practice for automatic brain segmentation of preterm infants with PHH, and lead to better PHH monitoring and more informed treatment decisions. |
2,330,476 | Platypnea-orthodeoxia Syndrome Due to Right Ventricular Inflow Tract Obstruction Caused by an Elongated Ascending Aorta: Usefulness of Three-dimensional Cardiac Computed Tomography Imaging in the Sitting Position.<Pagination><StartPage>2315</StartPage><EndPage>2317</EndPage><MedlinePgn>2315-2317</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.2169/internalmedicine.8868-21</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>An 84-year-old woman presented with dyspnea in the sitting position. Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome (POS) was suspected based on arterial desaturation when her posture changed from the supine to the sitting position. Transesophageal echocardiography showed right-to-left shunting enhancement through a patent foramen ovale (PFO) in the sitting position. Three-dimensional (3D) cardiac CT in the sitting position revealed that the elongated ascending aorta compressed the right ventricular inflow tract, resulting in restricted blood flow to the right ventricle and increased right-to-left shunting. This case highlights the role of 3D-CT in the sitting position in the management of POS.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hasegawa</LastName><ForeName>Yuki</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Izumi</LastName><ForeName>Daisuke</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ikami</LastName><ForeName>Yasuhiro</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Okubo</LastName><ForeName>Takeshi</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hoyano</LastName><ForeName>Makoto</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ozaki</LastName><ForeName>Kazuyuki</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sato</LastName><ForeName>Noriaki</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mishima</LastName><ForeName>Takehito</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Inomata</LastName><ForeName>Takayuki</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D002363">Case Reports</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2022</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>13</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Japan</Country><MedlineTA>Intern Med</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9204241</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0918-2918</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000369" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged, 80 and over</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001011" MajorTopicYN="N">Aorta</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004417" MajorTopicYN="N">Dyspnea</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000150" MajorTopicYN="N">complications</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017548" MajorTopicYN="N">Echocardiography, Transesophageal</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D054092" MajorTopicYN="Y">Foramen Ovale, Patent</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000150" MajorTopicYN="N">complications</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000860" MajorTopicYN="N">Hypoxia</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="N">etiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000077708" MajorTopicYN="Y">Sitting Position</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013577" MajorTopicYN="N">Syndrome</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014054" MajorTopicYN="N">Tomography</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="N">adverse effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">3-dimensional cardiac computed tomography</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">elongated aorta</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">patent foramen ovale</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">right-to-left shunt</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>
<b>The authors state that they have no Conflict of Interest (COI).</b>
</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2022</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>14</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2022</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>3</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2022</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>13</Day><Hour>5</Hour><Minute>57</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">35022356</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC9424084</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.2169/internalmedicine.8868-21</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Cheng TO. Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome: etiology, differential diagnosis, and management. 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Am J Emerg Med 31: 760. e1-e2, 2013.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23380102</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Takashima N, Suzuki T, Asai T, Hosoba S. Successful surgical repair of platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome in a patient with cerebral infarction. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 15: 178-180, 2012.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC3380983</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22508890</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Vallurupalli S, Lodha A, Kupfer Y, Tessler S. Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome after repair of a paraesophageal hernia. BMJ Case Rep 2013: bcr2012007444, 2013.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC3604180</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23355569</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM" IndexingMethod="Automated"><PMID Version="1">37076770</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2023</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>19</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1469-0756</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><PubDate><Year>2022</Year><Month>Jan</Month><Day>13</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Postgraduate medical journal</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Postgrad Med J</ISOAbbreviation></Journal>Role of open access echocardiography in detection of cardiac structural and functional abnormalities. | An 84-year-old woman presented with dyspnea in the sitting position. Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome (POS) was suspected based on arterial desaturation when her posture changed from the supine to the sitting position. Transesophageal echocardiography showed right-to-left shunting enhancement through a patent foramen ovale (PFO) in the sitting position. Three-dimensional (3D) cardiac CT in the sitting position revealed that the elongated ascending aorta compressed the right ventricular inflow tract, resulting in restricted blood flow to the right ventricle and increased right-to-left shunting. This case highlights the role of 3D-CT in the sitting position in the management of POS.</Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hasegawa</LastName><ForeName>Yuki</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Izumi</LastName><ForeName>Daisuke</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ikami</LastName><ForeName>Yasuhiro</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Okubo</LastName><ForeName>Takeshi</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hoyano</LastName><ForeName>Makoto</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ozaki</LastName><ForeName>Kazuyuki</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sato</LastName><ForeName>Noriaki</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mishima</LastName><ForeName>Takehito</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Inomata</LastName><ForeName>Takayuki</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D002363">Case Reports</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2022</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>13</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Japan</Country><MedlineTA>Intern Med</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9204241</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0918-2918</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000369" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged, 80 and over</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001011" MajorTopicYN="N">Aorta</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004417" MajorTopicYN="N">Dyspnea</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000150" MajorTopicYN="N">complications</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017548" MajorTopicYN="N">Echocardiography, Transesophageal</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D054092" MajorTopicYN="Y">Foramen Ovale, Patent</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000150" MajorTopicYN="N">complications</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000860" MajorTopicYN="N">Hypoxia</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="N">etiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000077708" MajorTopicYN="Y">Sitting Position</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013577" MajorTopicYN="N">Syndrome</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014054" MajorTopicYN="N">Tomography</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="N">adverse effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">3-dimensional cardiac computed tomography</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">elongated aorta</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">patent foramen ovale</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">right-to-left shunt</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>
<b>The authors state that they have no Conflict of Interest (COI).</b>
</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2022</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>14</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2022</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>3</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2022</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>13</Day><Hour>5</Hour><Minute>57</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">35022356</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC9424084</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.2169/internalmedicine.8868-21</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Cheng TO. Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome: etiology, differential diagnosis, and management. 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Am J Emerg Med 31: 760. e1-e2, 2013.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23380102</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Takashima N, Suzuki T, Asai T, Hosoba S. Successful surgical repair of platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome in a patient with cerebral infarction. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 15: 178-180, 2012.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC3380983</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22508890</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Vallurupalli S, Lodha A, Kupfer Y, Tessler S. Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome after repair of a paraesophageal hernia. BMJ Case Rep 2013: bcr2012007444, 2013.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC3604180</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23355569</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM" IndexingMethod="Automated"><PMID Version="1">37076770</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2023</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>19</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1469-0756</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><PubDate><Year>2022</Year><Month>Jan</Month><Day>13</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Postgraduate medical journal</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Postgrad Med J</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Role of open access echocardiography in detection of cardiac structural and functional abnormalities.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">postgradmedj-2021-141195</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1136/postmj/postgradmedj-2021-141195</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="PURPOSE" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">To evaluate the prevalence and incidence of significant structural heart disease in targeted patients with cardiac symptoms referred by general practitioners (GPs) using open access echocardiography, without prior clinical evaluation by a cardiologist.<AbstractText Label="DESIGN" NlmCategory="METHODS">Data were derived from 488 subjects who underwent transthoracic echocardiography between January and April 2018. Patients were referred directly by GPs in East Berkshire, South England, through an online platform. Echocardiography was performed within 4-6 weeks of referral and all reports were assessed by a consultant cardiologist with expedited follow-up facilitated pro re nata. Results were analysed to determine the frequency of detection of structural abnormalities, particularly of the left ventricle and cardiac valves.<AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Echocardiography was prospectively performed in consecutive subjects (50% male, mean (±SD) age 68.5±22 years; 50% female; mean (±SD) 64.6 (±19.1)). At least one abnormality likely to change management was found in 133 (27.3%) of all open access echocardiograms. Clinical heart failure with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and diastolic dysfunction was confirmed in 46 (9%) and 69 (14%), respectively. Of the 46 patients with LVSD, 33 were new diagnoses. Significant cardiac valve disease was found in 42 (8.6%) patients. 12 of these had known valvular disease or previous valvular surgery, and 30 were new diagnoses.<AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Major structural and functional cardiac abnormalities are common in late middle-aged patients who present to GPs with cardiac symptoms and signs. Reported, unrestricted open access echocardiography enables early detection of significant cardiac pathology and timely intervention may improve cardiovascular outcomes. |
2,330,477 | The effect of a high-polyphenol Mediterranean diet (Green-MED) combined with physical activity on age-related brain atrophy: the Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial Polyphenols Unprocessed Study (DIRECT PLUS). | The effect of diet on age-related brain atrophy is largely unproven.</AbstractText>We aimed to explore the effect of a Mediterranean diet (MED) higher in polyphenols and lower in red/processed meat (Green-MED diet) on age-related brain atrophy.</AbstractText>This 18-mo clinical trial longitudinally measured brain structure volumes by MRI using hippocampal occupancy score (HOC) and lateral ventricle volume (LVV) expansion score as neurodegeneration markers. Abdominally obese/dyslipidemic participants were randomly assigned to follow 1) healthy dietary guidelines (HDG), 2) MED, or 3) Green-MED diet. All subjects received free gym memberships and physical activity guidance. Both MED groups consumed 28 g walnuts/d (+440 mg/d polyphenols). The Green-MED group consumed green tea (3-4 cups/d) and Mankai (Wolffia-globosa strain, 100 g frozen cubes/d) green shake (+800 mg/d polyphenols).</AbstractText>Among 284 participants (88% men; mean age: 51 y; BMI: 31.2 kg/m2; APOE-ε4 genotype = 15.7%), 224 (79%) completed the trial with eligible whole-brain MRIs. The pallidum (-4.2%), third ventricle (+3.9%), and LVV (+2.2%) disclosed the largest volume changes. Compared with younger participants, atrophy was accelerated among those ≥50 y old (HOC change: -1.0% ± 1.4% compared with -0.06% ± 1.1%; 95% CI: 0.6%, 1.3%; P < 0.001; LVV change: 3.2% ± 4.5% compared with 1.3% ± 4.1%; 95% CI: -3.1%, -0.8%; P = 0.001). In subjects ≥ 50 y old, HOC decline and LVV expansion were attenuated in both MED groups, with the best outcomes among Green-MED diet participants, as compared with HDG (HOC: -0.8% ± 1.6% compared with -1.3% ± 1.4%; 95% CI: -1.5%, -0.02%; P = 0.042; LVV: 2.3% ± 4.7% compared with 4.3% ± 4.5%; 95% CI: 0.3%, 5.2%; P = 0.021). Similar patterns were observed among younger subjects. Improved insulin sensitivity over the trial was the parameter most strongly associated with brain atrophy attenuation (P < 0.05). Greater Mankai, green tea, and walnut intake and less red and processed meat were significantly and independently associated with reduced HOC decline (P < 0.05). Elevated urinary concentrations of the polyphenols urolithin-A (r = 0.24; P = 0.013) and tyrosol (r = 0.26; P = 0.007) were significantly associated with lower HOC decline.</AbstractText>A Green-MED (high-polyphenol) diet, rich in Mankai, green tea, and walnuts and low in red/processed meat, is potentially neuroprotective for age-related brain atrophy.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03020186.</AbstractText>© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,478 | The Cost of Serial Cerebrospinal Fluid Aspirations between Ventricular Access Device and Ventriculosubgaleal Shunt for Treatment of Posthemorrhagic Ventricular Dilatation in Premature Infants. | Ventriculosubgaleal shunts (VSGSs) require fewer cerebrospinal (CSF) aspirations than ventricular access devices (VADs) for temporization of posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD) in preterm infants. Cost of postoperative CSF aspiration has not been quantified.</AbstractText>We reviewed CSF aspiration and laboratory studies obtained in preterm infants with PHVD and VAD at our institution between 2009 and 2020. Cost per aspiration was calculated for materials, labs, and Medicare fee schedule for ventricular puncture through implanted reservoir. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science for meta-analysis of pooled mean number of CSF aspirations and proportion of patients requiring aspiration.</AbstractText>Thirty-five preterm infants with PHVD had VAD placed with 22.2 ± 18.4 aspirations per patient. Labs were obtained after every aspiration per local protocol. Cost per aspiration at our institution was USD 935.51. Of 269 published studies, 77 reported on VAD, 29 VSGS, and 13 both. Five studies on VAD (including the current study) had a pooled mean of 25.8 aspirations per patient (95% CI: 16.7-34.8). One study on VSGS reported a mean of 1.6 ± 1.7 aspirations. Three studies on VAD (including the current study) had a pooled proportion of 97.4% of patients requiring aspirations (95% CI: 87.9-99.5). Four studies on VSGS had a pooled proportion of 36.5% requiring aspirations (95% CI: 26.9-47.2). Frequency of lab draws ranged from weekly to daily. Based on costs at our institution, mean number of aspirations, and proportion of patients requiring aspirations, cost difference ranged between USD 4,243 and 23,235 per patient and USD 500,903 and 2.36 million per 100 patients depending on frequency of taps and Medicare locality.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Lower number of CSF aspirations using VSGS can be associated with considerably lower cost compared to VAD.</AbstractText>© 2022 S. Karger AG, Basel.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,479 | An epigenetic circuit controls neurogenic programs during neocortex development. | The production and expansion of intermediate progenitors (IPs) are essential for neocortical neurogenesis during development and over evolution. Here, we have characterized an epigenetic circuit that precisely controls neurogenic programs, particularly properties of IPs, during neocortical development. The circuit comprises a long non-coding RNA (LncBAR) and the BAF (SWI/SNF) chromatin-remodeling complex, which transcriptionally maintains the expression of Zbtb20. LncBAR knockout neocortex contains more deep-layer but fewer upper-layer projection neurons. Intriguingly, loss of LncBAR promotes IP production, but paradoxically prolongs the duration of the cell cycle of IPs during mid-later neocortical neurogenesis. Moreover, in LncBAR knockout mice, depletion of the neural progenitor pool at embryonic stage results in fewer adult neural progenitor cells in the subventricular zone of lateral ventricles, leading to a failure in adult neurogenesis to replenish the olfactory bulb. LncBAR binds to BRG1, the core enzymatic component of the BAF chromatin-remodeling complex. LncBAR depletion enhances association of BRG1 with the genomic locus of, and suppresses the expression of, Zbtb20, a transcription factor gene known to regulate both embryonic and adult neurogenesis. ZBTB20 overexpression in LncBAR-knockout neural precursors reverses compromised cell cycle progressions of IPs. |
2,330,480 | Electrophysiological heterogeneity in large populations of rabbit ventricular cardiomyocytes. | Cardiac electrophysiological heterogeneity includes: (i) regional differences in action potential (AP) waveform, (ii) AP waveform differences in cells isolated from a single region, (iii) variability of the contribution of individual ion currents in cells with similar AP durations (APDs). The aim of this study is to assess intra-regional AP waveform differences, to quantify the contribution of specific ion channels to the APD via drug responses and to generate a population of mathematical models to investigate the mechanisms underlying heterogeneity in rabbit ventricular cells.</AbstractText>APD in ∼50 isolated cells from subregions of the LV free wall of rabbit hearts were measured using a voltage-sensitive dye. When stimulated at 2 Hz, average APD90 value in cells from the basal epicardial region was 254 ± 25 ms (mean ± standard deviation) in 17 hearts with a mean interquartile range (IQR) of 53 ± 17 ms. Endo-epicardial and apical-basal APD90 differences accounted for ∼10% of the IQR value. Highly variable changes in APD occurred after IK(r) or ICa(L) block that included a sub-population of cells (HR) with an exaggerated (hyper) response to IK(r) inhibition. A set of 4471 AP models matching the experimental APD90 distribution was generated from a larger population of models created by random variation of the maximum conductances (Gmax) of 8 key ion channels/exchangers/pumps. This set reproduced the pattern of cell-specific responses to ICa(L) and IK(r) block, including the HR sub-population. The models exhibited a wide range of Gmax values with constrained relationships linking ICa(L) with IK(r), ICl, INCX, and INaK.</AbstractText>Modelling the measured range of inter-cell APDs required a larger range of key Gmax values indicating that ventricular tissue has considerable inter-cell variation in channel/pump/exchanger activity. AP morphology is retained by relationships linking specific ionic conductances. These interrelationships are necessary for stable repolarization despite large inter-cell variation of individual conductances and this explains the variable sensitivity to ion channel block.</AbstractText>© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,481 | Characteristics and time course of acute and chronic myocardial lesion formation after electroporation ablation in the porcine model. | Electroporation ablation creates deep and wide myocardial lesions. No data are available on time course and characteristics of acute lesion formation.</AbstractText>For the acute phase of myocardial lesion development, seven pigs were investigated. Single 200 J applications were delivered at four different epicardial right ventricular sites using a linear suction device, yielding a total of 28 lesions. Timing of applications was designed to yield lesions at seven time points: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min, with four lesions per time point. After killing, lesion characteristics were histologically investigated. For the chronic phase of myocardial lesion development, tissue samples were used from previously conducted studies where tissue was obtained at 3 weeks and 3 months after electroporation ablation.</AbstractText>Acute myocardial lesions induce a necrosis pattern with contraction band necrosis and interstitial edema, immediately present after electroporation ablation. No further histological changes such as hemorrhage or influx of inflammatory cells occurred in the first hour. After 3 weeks, the lesions consisted of sharply demarcated loose connective tissue that further developed to more fibrotic scar tissue after 3 months without additional changes. Within the scar tissue, arteries and nerves were unaffected.</AbstractText>Electroporation ablation immediately induces contraction band necrosis and edema without additional tissue changes in the first hour. After 3 weeks, a sharply demarked scar has been developed that remains stable during follow-up of 3 months. This is highly relevant for clinical application of electroporation ablation in terms of the electrophysiological endpoint and waiting period after ablation.</AbstractText>© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,482 | Free-water diffusion tensor imaging detects occult periependymal abnormality in the AQP4-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. | To compare free-water corrected diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures in the normal-appearing periependymal area between AQP4-IgG-seropositive NMOSD and multiple sclerosis (MS) to investigate occult pathophysiology. This prospective study included 44 patients (mean age, 39.52 ± 11.90 years; 14 men) with AQP4-IgG-seropositive NMOSD (n = 20) and MS (n = 24) who underwent DTI between April 2014 and April 2020. Based on free-water corrected DTI measures obtained from normal-appearing periependymal voxels of (1) lateral ventricles and (2) the 3rd and 4th ventricles as dependent variables, MANCOVA was conducted to compare the two groups, using clinical variables as covariates. A significant difference was found between AQP4-IgG-seropositive NMOSD and MS in the 3rd and 4th periependymal voxels (λ = 0.462, P = 0.001). Fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity was significantly decreased and radial diffusivity was increased in AQP4-IgG-seropositive NMOSD in post-hoc analysis, compared with MS (F = 27.616, P < 0.001, F = 7.336, P = 0.011, and F = 5.800, P = 0.022, respectively). Free-water corrected DTI measures differ in the periependymal area surrounding the diencephalon and brain stem/cerebellum between MS and NMOSD, which may suggest occult white matter injury in areas with distribution of AQP-4 in NMOSD. |
2,330,483 | Early-onset dietary restriction maintains mitochondrial health, autophagy and ER function in the left ventricle during aging. | Dietary restriction (DR) exerts healthy benefits, including heart functions. However, the cardioprotective role of DR is till controversial among researchers due to the variation of DR conditions. The present study focuses on the protective effect of early-onset DR on cardiac injury using mitochondrial structure and expression of protein associated with mitochondrial homeostasis, autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function as measures. 2-month-old mice were fed with a breeding diet ad libitum (AL) or DR (60% of AL) for 3 (Young) or 20 (Aged) months. Body weight increased with aging, whereas DR treatment kept body weight consistent. DR mice exhibited a higher relative heart weight than AL mice. DR mice displayed lower plasma glucose levels, compared with AL groups. Furthermore, Aged-AL, but not Aged-DR mice, had increased collagen content and morphological distortions in the left ventricle (LV). Aged-DR mice had a higher ATP and lower TBARS in the LV than Aged-AL mice. Mitochondrial morphology was detected by electron microscopy; Aged-AL mice had increased abnormal morphology of mitochondria. Treatment with DR reduced abnormal mitochondrial accumulation. Aging elevated the protein expressions of mitochondrial functions and ER-induced apoptosis. Aging downregulated autophagy related proteins and chaperones in the heart. Dietary restriction reversed those protein expressions. The present study demonstrated a beneficial effect of early onset DR on cardiac aging. The age-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and protein quality control dysregulation was significantly reversed by long-term DR, demonstrating a concordance with the beneficial effect in the heart. |
2,330,484 | Synergistic analgesic effect of morphine and tramadol in non‑sensitized and morphine‑sensitized mice: an isobolographic study. | Morphine and tramadol are the opioid analgesic drugs acting via activation of μ‑opioid receptors. It is important to understand which mechanism (synergistic or additive anti‑nociceptive activity) induced potent anti‑nociceptive effect by co‑administration of morphine and tramadol. Identification of new strategies that can potentiate analgesic effects of opioids will be good therapeutic approaches for pain relief. To this aim, male mice were cannulated in the left ventricle by a stereotaxic instrument. A tail‑flick test was used to record the pain threshold. The results revealed that intracerebroventricularly injection of morphine induced an anti‑nociceptive effect in non‑sensitized and morphine‑sensitized mice. We found that infusion of tramadol produced an anti‑nociceptive response in non‑sensitized mice, whereas tramadol in doses of 0.5 and 1 μg/mouse induced analgesia in morphine‑sensitized mice. Co‑injection of a non‑effective dose of tramadol or morphine (0.25 μg/mouse) with different doses of morphine or tramadol (0.25, 0.5, and 1 μg/mouse) respectively potentiated the analgesic effect of the previous drug. An isobolographic analysis of data was performed, indicating a synergistic interaction between morphine and tramadol in non‑sensitized and morphine‑sensitized mice. Our data indicated that both morphine and tramadol elicit more anti‑nociceptive response in morphine sensitized mice; there is a synergistic effect between morphine and tramadol upon induction of analgesic effect in non‑sensitized and morphine‑sensitized mice. |
2,330,485 | Effects of trehalose on recurrence of remodeling after ventricular reconstruction in rats with ischemic cardiomyopathy. | Recurrence of left ventricular (LV) remodeling after surgical ventricular reconstruction (SVR) for ischemic cardiomyopathy has been reported to be partially attributed to autophagy. We aimed to examine the effects of trehalose, an autophagy inducer, on the recurrence of LV remodeling after SVR. After SVR in rats with ICM, trehalose was orally administered. The changes in LV end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) and fractional shortening (FS) were evaluated. The activation of myocardial autophagy was also estimated by autophagy markers: microtubule-associated light chain 3 II (LC3-II) and p62; the former usually increases and the latter decreases if autophagy is activated. Significant LV reverse remodeling was observed early after SVR. On the other hand, the 28th postoperative day SVR + trehalose was associated with smaller LVEDD and better FS than SVR alone (LVEDD, P = 0.043; FS, P < 0.01). LC3-II increased comparably in both groups, while p62 was significantly lower in the SVR + trehalose group than in the SVR alone group (P < 0.01). In conclusion, trehalose attenuated the recurrence of LV remodeling and changed autophagy markers after SVR in rats with ICM. Trehalose may be a candidate for adjuvant therapy to retain the effects of SVR. |
2,330,486 | Care of the critically ill neonate with hypoxemic respiratory failure and acute pulmonary hypertension: framework for practice based on consensus opinion of neonatal hemodynamics working group. | Circulatory transition after birth presents a critical period whereby the pulmonary vascular bed and right ventricle must adapt to rapidly changing loading conditions. Failure of postnatal transition may present as hypoxemic respiratory failure, with disordered pulmonary and systemic blood flow. In this review, we present the biological and clinical contributors to pathophysiology and present a management framework. |
2,330,487 | Quantitative brain MRI morphology in severe and attenuated forms of mucopolysaccharidosis type I. | To assess our hypothesis that brain macrostructure is different in individuals with mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) and healthy controls (HC), we conducted a comprehensive multicenter study using a uniform quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) protocol, with analyses that account for the effects of disease phenotype, age, and cognition.</AbstractText>Brain MRIs in 23 individuals with attenuated (MPS IA) and 38 with severe MPS I (MPS IH), aged 4-25 years, enrolled under the study protocol NCT01870375, were compared to 98 healthy controls.</AbstractText>Cortical and subcortical gray matter, white matter, corpus callosum, ventricular and choroid plexus volumes in MPS I significantly differed from HC. Thicker cortex, lower white matter and corpus callosum volumes were already present at the youngest MPS I participants aged 4-5 years. Age-related differences were observed in both MPS I groups, but most markedly in MPS IH, particularly in cortical gray matter metrics. IQ scores were inversely associated with ventricular volume in both MPS I groups and were positively associated with cortical thickness only in MPS IA.</AbstractText>Quantitatively-derived MRI measures distinguished MPS I participants from HC as well as severe from attenuated forms. Age-related neurodevelopmental trajectories in both MPS I forms differed from HC. The extent to which brain structure is altered by disease, potentially spared by treatment, and how it relates to neurocognitive dysfunction needs further exploration.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,488 | Impaired Generation of Transit-Amplifying Progenitors in the Adult Subventricular Zone of Cyclin D2 Knockout Mice. | In the adult brain, new neurons are constitutively derived from postnatal neural stem cells/progenitors located in two neurogenic regions: the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles (migrating and differentiating into different subtypes of the inhibitory interneurons of the olfactory bulbs), and the subgranular layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Cyclin D2 knockout (cD2-KO) mice exhibit reduced numbers of new hippocampal neurons; however, the proliferation deficiency and the dysregulation of adult neurogenesis in the SVZ required further investigation. In this report, we characterized the differentiation potential of each subpopulation of the SVZ neural precursors in cD2-KO mice. The number of newly generated cells in the SVZs was significantly decreased in cD2-KO mice compared to wild type mice (WT), and was not accompanied by elevated levels of apoptosis. Although the number of B1-type quiescent precursors (B1q) and the overall B1-type activated precursors (B1a) were not affected in the SVZ neurogenic niche, the number of transit-amplifying progenitors (TaPs) was significantly reduced. Additionally, the subpopulations of calbindin D28k and calretinin interneurons were diminished in the olfactory bulbs of cD2-KO mice. Our results suggest that cyclin D2 might be critical for the proliferation of neural precursors and progenitors in the SVZ-the transition of B1a into TaPs and, thereafter, the production of newly generated interneurons in the olfactory bulbs. Untangling regulators that functionally modulate adult neurogenesis provides a basis for the development of regenerative therapies for injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. |
2,330,489 | Impact of Motile Ciliopathies on Human Development and Clinical Consequences in the Newborn. | Motile cilia are hairlike organelles that project outward from a tissue-restricted subset of cells to direct fluid flow. During human development motile cilia guide determination of the left-right axis in the embryo, and in the fetal and neonatal periods they have essential roles in airway clearance in the respiratory tract and regulating cerebral spinal fluid flow in the brain. Dysregulation of motile cilia is best understood through the lens of the genetic disorder primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). PCD encompasses all genetic motile ciliopathies resulting from over 60 known genetic mutations and has a unique but often underrecognized neonatal presentation. Neonatal respiratory distress is now known to occur in the majority of patients with PCD, laterality defects are common, and very rarely brain ventricle enlargement occurs. The developmental function of motile cilia and the effect and pathophysiology of motile ciliopathies are incompletely understood in humans. In this review, we will examine the current understanding of the role of motile cilia in human development and clinical considerations when assessing the newborn for suspected motile ciliopathies. |
2,330,490 | Delayed presentation of a pneumatic nail gun injury to the right ventricle without circulatory compromise. | Delayed presentation of penetrating cardiac injuries is exceedingly rare due to the observed near 100% pre-hospital mortality. We describe a case of a patient who presented for evaluation nearly 24 h after sustaining a self-inflicted pneumatic nail gun injury to the right ventricular outflow tract. Remarkably, the patient had no evidence of hemodynamic compromise. This case highlights the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for cardiac injury with penetrating trauma to the cardiac box regardless of presenting signs and symptoms, and the value of adhering to advanced trauma life support principles. |
2,330,491 | Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Radiomics Reveal Differential Impact of Sex, Age, and Vascular Risk Factors on Cardiac Structure and Myocardial Tissue. | <b>Background:</b> Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) radiomics analysis provides multiple quantifiers of ventricular shape and myocardial texture, which may be used for detailed cardiovascular phenotyping. <b>Objectives:</b> We studied variation in CMR radiomics phenotypes by age and sex in healthy UK Biobank participants. Then, we examined independent associations of classical vascular risk factors (VRFs: smoking, diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol) with CMR radiomics features, considering potential sex and age differential relationships. <b>Design:</b> Image acquisition was with 1.5 Tesla scanners (MAGNETOM Aera, Siemens). Three regions of interest were segmented from short axis stack images using an automated pipeline: right ventricle, left ventricle, myocardium. We extracted 237 radiomics features from each study using Pyradiomics. In a healthy subset of participants (<i>n</i> = 14,902) without cardiovascular disease or VRFs, we estimated independent associations of age and sex with each radiomics feature using linear regression models adjusted for body size. We then created a sample comprising individuals with at least one VRF matched to an equal number of healthy participants (<i>n</i> = 27,400). We linearly modelled each radiomics feature against age, sex, body size, and all the VRFs. Bonferroni adjustment for multiple testing was applied to all <i>p</i>-values. To aid interpretation, we organised the results into six feature clusters. <b>Results:</b> Amongst the healthy subset, men had larger ventricles with dimmer and less texturally complex myocardium than women. Increasing age was associated with smaller ventricles and greater variation in myocardial intensities. Broadly, all the VRFs were associated with dimmer, less varied signal intensities, greater uniformity of local intensity levels, and greater relative presence of low signal intensity areas within the myocardium. Diabetes and high cholesterol were also associated with smaller ventricular size, this association was of greater magnitude in men than women. The pattern of alteration of radiomics features with the VRFs was broadly consistent in men and women. However, the associations between intensity based radiomics features with both diabetes and hypertension were more prominent in women than men. <b>Conclusions:</b> We demonstrate novel independent associations of sex, age, and major VRFs with CMR radiomics phenotypes. Further studies into the nature and clinical significance of these phenotypes are needed. |
2,330,492 | Wavelength and pulse energy optimization for detecting hypoxia in photoacoustic imaging of the neonatal brain: a simulation study. | Cerebral hypoxia is a severe injury caused by oxygen deprivation to the brain. Hypoxia in the neonatal period increases the risk for the development of neurological disorders, including hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, cerebral palsy, periventricular leukomalacia, and hydrocephalus. It is crucial to recognize hypoxia as soon as possible because early intervention improves outcomes. Photoacoustic imaging, using at least two wavelengths, through a spectroscopic analysis, can measure brain oxygen saturation. Due to the spectral coloring effect arising from the dependency of optical properties of biological tissues to the wavelength of light, choosing the right wavelength-pair for efficient and most accurate oxygen saturation measurement and consequently quantifying hypoxia at a specific depth is critical. Using a realistic neonate head model and Monte Carlo simulations, we found practical wavelength-pairs that quantified regions with hypoxia most accurately at different depths down to 22 mm into the cortex neighboring the lateral ventricle. We also demonstrated, for the first time, that the accuracy of the sO<sub>2</sub> measurement can be increased by adjusting the level of light energy for each wavelength-pair. Considering the growing interest in photoacoustic imaging of the brain, this work will assist in a more accurate use of photoacoustic spectroscopy and help in the clinical translation of this promising imaging modality. Please note that explaining the effect of acoustic aberration of the skull is not in the scope of this study. |
2,330,493 | Primary intraventricular gliosarcoma on MRI: A challenging diagnosis. | Gliosarcoma (GS) is an uncommon central nervous system tumor with several characteristics of a malignant neoplasm and poor prognosis. The majority of GS reports describe a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, and cases of intraventricular GS are extremely rare, with only a few reported. In addition, intraventricular GS has not been associated with any unique radiographic or clinical features, which can result in misdiagnosis as other intraventricular tumor types. In this report, we present the case of a 32-year-old woman with GS in the trigone of the lateral ventricle and provide a retrospective review of similar, previously reported cases. |
2,330,494 | An Infant with Blended Phenotype of Zellweger Spectrum Disorder and Congenital Muscular Dystrophy. | We report a newborn born to a consanguineous couple with antenatally detected dilatation of third ventricle, unilateral talipes, and intra uterine growth retardation. On examination, there was facial dysmorphism, hypotonia, encephalopathy, joint laxity and muscle hypertrophy in addition to left foot talipes. On evaluation, there were renal cortical cysts, rhizomelia, chondrodysplasia punctata and elevated muscle enzymes, along with a dilated third ventricle. As the phenotype was not consistent with any of the muscular dystrophies or the peroxisomal disorders, an exome sequencing was requested. It revealed a combination of Zellweger syndrome and Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy type 1. |
2,330,495 | An Efficient and Convenient Method for Isolation and Culturing of Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes.<Pagination><StartPage>390</StartPage><EndPage>395</EndPage><MedlinePgn>390-395</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1007/s10517-022-05399-1</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>For isolation of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCM) the ventricular muscles of neonatal rats were treated with different digestive solutions: 0.06% trypsin (method I), 0.08% collagenase II (method II), 0.06% trypsin and 0.08% collagenase II for stepwise digestion (methods III and IV). After enzymatic dissociation of the tissue, the complete medium was added to stop this process. The cells suspensions obtained by methods I-III were collected and centrifuged. In contrast, the novel and improved method IV did not use centrifugation. Instead, various methods of adhesion were employed to separate non-myocardial cells. The isolation methods were compared by the quantity, survival rate, morphology, spontaneous pulsation rate, purity, and vitality of NRCM. These assessments showed that isolation method IV is a simple, efficient, and convenient way to obtain NRCM for culturing.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2022. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liang</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Su</LastName><ForeName>S</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName><ForeName>S</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Feng</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China. ezjiefeng@hotmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2022</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>10</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Bull Exp Biol Med</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0372557</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0007-4888</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D003470">Culture Media</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000831" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals, Newborn</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002478" MajorTopicYN="N">Cells, Cultured</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003470" MajorTopicYN="N">Culture Media</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006352" MajorTopicYN="Y">Heart Ventricles</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D032383" MajorTopicYN="Y">Myocytes, Cardiac</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051381" MajorTopicYN="N">Rats</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Curcuma aromatica extract</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">cell isolation</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">hypoxia/reoxygenation</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCM)</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">stepwise tissue digestion</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2021</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>12</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2022</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>11</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2022</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>1</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2022</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>30</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">35001310</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1007/s10517-022-05399-1</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">10.1007/s10517-022-05399-1</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Cardoso AC, Pereira AHM, Sadek HA. Mechanisms of Neonatal Heart Regeneration. Curr. Cardiol. Rep. 2020;22(5):33. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-020-01282-5</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1007/s11886-020-01282-5</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32333123</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Jin Y, Ni S. miR-496 remedies hypoxia reoxygenation-induced H9c2 cardiomyocyte apoptosis via Hook3-targeted PI3k/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway activation. J. Cell Biochem. 2020;121(1):698-712. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.29316</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1002/jcb.29316</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31436348</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Judd J, Lovas J, Huang GN. Defined factors to reactivate cell cycle activity in adult mouse cardiomyocytes. Sci. Rep. 2019;9(1):18830. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55027-8</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1038/s41598-019-55027-8</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31827131</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">6906479</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Li Y, Feng J, Mo Y, Liu H, Yang B. Concordance between cardio-protective effect on isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial ischemia and phenolic content of different extracts of Curcuma aromatica. Pharm. Biol. 2016;54(12):3226-3231. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2016.1216134</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1080/13880209.2016.1216134</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27687158</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Maguy A, Tardif JC, Busseuil D, Ribi C, Li J. Autoantibody Signature in Cardiac Arrest. Circulation. 2020;141(22):1764-1774. doi: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.044408</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.044408</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32312099</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Milliron HY, Weiland MJ, Kort EJ, Jovinge S. Isolation of Cardiomyocytes Undergoing Mitosis With Complete Cytokinesis. Circ. Res. 2019;125(12):1070-1086. doi: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.314908</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.314908</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31648614</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Parameswaran S, Sharma RK. Altered expression of calcineurin, calpain, calpastatin and HMWCaMBP in cardiac cells following ischemia and reperfusion. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2014;443(2):604-609. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.019</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.019</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24333421</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Rutering J, Ilmer M, Recio A, Coleman M, Vykoukal J, Alt E. Improved Method for Isolation of Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes with Increased Yield of C-Kit+ Cardiac Progenitor Cells. J. Stem Cell Res. Ther. 2015;5(6):1-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7633.1000305</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.4172/2157-7633.1000305</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26937295</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">4770583</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM" IndexingMethod="Automated"><PMID Version="1">35000907</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2022</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>11</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2022</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>11</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">1512-0112</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Issue>321</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>Dec</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Georgian medical news</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Georgian Med News</ISOAbbreviation></Journal>DAILY PROFILE DYNAMICS OF BLOOD PRESSURE AND DIASTOLIC FUNCTION OF LEFT VENTRICLE IN CARDIAC REHABILITATION PATIENTS DEPENDING ON SMOKING FACTOR. | For isolation of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCM) the ventricular muscles of neonatal rats were treated with different digestive solutions: 0.06% trypsin (method I), 0.08% collagenase II (method II), 0.06% trypsin and 0.08% collagenase II for stepwise digestion (methods III and IV). After enzymatic dissociation of the tissue, the complete medium was added to stop this process. The cells suspensions obtained by methods I-III were collected and centrifuged. In contrast, the novel and improved method IV did not use centrifugation. Instead, various methods of adhesion were employed to separate non-myocardial cells. The isolation methods were compared by the quantity, survival rate, morphology, spontaneous pulsation rate, purity, and vitality of NRCM. These assessments showed that isolation method IV is a simple, efficient, and convenient way to obtain NRCM for culturing.<CopyrightInformation>© 2022. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liang</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Su</LastName><ForeName>S</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName><ForeName>S</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Feng</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China. ezjiefeng@hotmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2022</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>10</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Bull Exp Biol Med</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0372557</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0007-4888</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D003470">Culture Media</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000831" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals, Newborn</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002478" MajorTopicYN="N">Cells, Cultured</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003470" MajorTopicYN="N">Culture Media</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006352" MajorTopicYN="Y">Heart Ventricles</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D032383" MajorTopicYN="Y">Myocytes, Cardiac</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051381" MajorTopicYN="N">Rats</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Curcuma aromatica extract</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">cell isolation</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">hypoxia/reoxygenation</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCM)</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">stepwise tissue digestion</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2021</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>12</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2022</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>11</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2022</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>1</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2022</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>30</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">35001310</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1007/s10517-022-05399-1</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">10.1007/s10517-022-05399-1</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Cardoso AC, Pereira AHM, Sadek HA. Mechanisms of Neonatal Heart Regeneration. Curr. Cardiol. Rep. 2020;22(5):33. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-020-01282-5</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1007/s11886-020-01282-5</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32333123</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Jin Y, Ni S. miR-496 remedies hypoxia reoxygenation-induced H9c2 cardiomyocyte apoptosis via Hook3-targeted PI3k/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway activation. J. Cell Biochem. 2020;121(1):698-712. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.29316</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1002/jcb.29316</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31436348</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Judd J, Lovas J, Huang GN. Defined factors to reactivate cell cycle activity in adult mouse cardiomyocytes. Sci. Rep. 2019;9(1):18830. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55027-8</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1038/s41598-019-55027-8</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31827131</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">6906479</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Li Y, Feng J, Mo Y, Liu H, Yang B. Concordance between cardio-protective effect on isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial ischemia and phenolic content of different extracts of Curcuma aromatica. Pharm. Biol. 2016;54(12):3226-3231. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2016.1216134</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1080/13880209.2016.1216134</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27687158</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Maguy A, Tardif JC, Busseuil D, Ribi C, Li J. Autoantibody Signature in Cardiac Arrest. Circulation. 2020;141(22):1764-1774. doi: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.044408</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.044408</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32312099</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Milliron HY, Weiland MJ, Kort EJ, Jovinge S. Isolation of Cardiomyocytes Undergoing Mitosis With Complete Cytokinesis. Circ. Res. 2019;125(12):1070-1086. doi: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.314908</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.314908</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31648614</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Parameswaran S, Sharma RK. Altered expression of calcineurin, calpain, calpastatin and HMWCaMBP in cardiac cells following ischemia and reperfusion. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2014;443(2):604-609. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.019</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.019</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24333421</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Rutering J, Ilmer M, Recio A, Coleman M, Vykoukal J, Alt E. Improved Method for Isolation of Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes with Increased Yield of C-Kit+ Cardiac Progenitor Cells. J. Stem Cell Res. Ther. 2015;5(6):1-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7633.1000305</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.4172/2157-7633.1000305</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26937295</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">4770583</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM" IndexingMethod="Automated"><PMID Version="1">35000907</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2022</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>11</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2022</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>11</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">1512-0112</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Issue>321</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>Dec</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Georgian medical news</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Georgian Med News</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>DAILY PROFILE DYNAMICS OF BLOOD PRESSURE AND DIASTOLIC FUNCTION OF LEFT VENTRICLE IN CARDIAC REHABILITATION PATIENTS DEPENDING ON SMOKING FACTOR.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><StartPage>42</StartPage><EndPage>51</EndPage><MedlinePgn>42-51</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract>Aim of the research - to study the peculiar features of the left ventricle (LV) diastolic function (DF) and regulation of arterial pressure (AP) in patients with a history of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in cardiac rehabilitation treatment dynamics depending on smoking factor. 114 patients at the age of 42-78 years old (average age 56,61±1,35) that have recently had ACS (less than 28 days ago) have been examined and have passed cardiac rehabilitation programme in the rehabilitation department after cardiac diseases at "Morshynkurort" sanatorium-resort complex. All patients have been divided into 2 groups according to smoking habit. Patients with smoking factor (smokers, n=64, average age 54,94±1,6 years old) belonged to the 1st group, patients without smoking factor (non-smokers, n=50, average age, 58,64±1,4 years old) belonged to the 2nd group. The 1st groupwas divided into 2 subgroups in the end of resort rehabilitation in order to evaluate dynamic of researched indices: IA - smokers (n=36), that gave upsmoking during the process of cardiac rehabilitation (CR), and IB - smokers (n=28) that continued smoking. Main indices of daily arterial blood pressure monitoring (DBPM) and LV DF were detected in patients of the research groups during the 1st and 24th days of rehabilitation treatment. In the beginning of cardiac rehabilitation programme higher mean-diurnal values of systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), post-take increase SAPand DAP, morning SAPand DAP, day and night SAPand DAPvariability, also average indices of LV DF and in particular DT, IVRT and E/A correlation were detected in patients of the 1st smoking group(I) in comparison with the 2nd non-smoking group(II). Dynamics analysis of APregulation indices detected that the better positive dynamics together with achievement of the target, recommended levels of DBPM indices were being registered in the groupof non-smokers (II) and in the groupof smokers that quit smoking (IA), compared to the groupof patients - persistent smokers (IB). Positive changes also weren't detected at the end of rehabilitation treatment by dynamics of indicators of (DT, IVRT, correlation E/A and E/e'). At the same time significant positive dynamics was observed in patients that got out of the habit of smoking (IA). Smoking factor in patients with earlier ACS is associated with more significant disorders of regulation of APand LV DF. Smoking cessation must be obligatory, controlled part of cardiorehabilitation program for patients that had ACS. Therefore, rapid (during 24 days) appreciable improvement of diurnal profile of APand LV DF is smoking cessation consequence. Significant reduction and target values achievement of APvariability, APmorning levels, even against the background of proper physical training, were not observed in patients - persistent smokers. |
2,330,496 | Charting human subcortical maturation across the adult lifespan with in vivo 7 T MRI. | The human subcortex comprises hundreds of unique structures. Subcortical functioning is crucial for behavior, and disrupted function is observed in common neurodegenerative diseases. Despite their importance, human subcortical structures continue to be difficult to study in vivo. Here we provide a detailed account of 17 prominent subcortical structures and ventricles, describing their approximate iron and myelin contents, morphometry, and their age-related changes across the normal adult lifespan. The results provide compelling insights into the heterogeneity and intricate age-related alterations of these structures. They also show that the locations of many structures shift across the lifespan, which is of direct relevance for the use of standard magnetic resonance imaging atlases. The results further our understanding of subcortical morphometry and neuroimaging properties, and of normal aging processes which ultimately can improve our understanding of neurodegeneration. |
2,330,497 | Acute negative-pressure hydrocephalus: Management algorithm and value of early endoscopic ventriculostomy. | Acute negative-pressure hydrocephalus is an uncommon, underrecognized patology with a high morbidity and mortality. We propose an algorithm to facilitate the management of these patients, promoting the early diagnosis and the use of endoscopic third ventriculostomy as initial therapeutic option.</AbstractText>We performed an observational retrospective study in which patients diagnosed with acute negative-pressure hydrocephalus were included. Patient age and symptoms, primary etiology of hydrocephalus, previous shunt, infection and surgical procedures, time from clinical deterioration to endoscopic procedure, definitive treatment and patient outcomes were recorded. Our management algortihm is exposed and justified.</AbstractText>We identified five patients with diagnosis of acute negative-pressure hydrcephalus. In four of them the management algorithm was applied and early diagnosis and endoscopic ventriculostomy were performed. We observed complete succes of the endoscopic procedure in two patients (50%); the other two required permanent shunt, nevertheless resolution of the low-pressure state was achieved. One patient died after systemic infection (20%), 80% of the patients experienced good outcome.</AbstractText>The early identification of a negative-pressure hydrocephalic state is essential to reduce complications. Application of a specific management algortihm and early endoscopic third ventriculostomy could be advantageous to achieve better outcomes.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2020 Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,498 | Developmentally interdependent stretcher-compressor relationship between the embryonic brain and the surrounding scalp in the preosteogenic head. | How developing brains mechanically interact with the surrounding embryonic scalp layers (ie, epidermal and mesenchymal) in the preosteogenic head remains unknown. Between embryonic day (E) 11 and E13 in mice, before ossification starts in the skull vault, the angle between the pons and the medulla decreases, raising the possibility that when the elastic scalp is directly pushed outward by the growing brain and thus stretched, it recoils inward in response, thereby confining and folding the brain.</AbstractText>Stress-release tests showed that the E11-13 scalp recoiled and that the in vivo prestretch prerequisite for this recoil was physically dependent on the brain (pressurization at 77-93 Pa) and on actomyosin and elastin within the scalp. In scalp-removed heads, brainstem folding was reduced, and the spreading of ink from the lateral ventricle to the spinal cord that occurred in scalp-intact embryos (with >5 μL injection) was lost, suggesting roles of the embryonic scalp in brain morphogenesis and cerebrospinal fluid homeostasis. Under nonstretched conditions, scalp cell proliferation declined, while the restretching of the shrunken scalp rescued scalp cell proliferation.</AbstractText>In the embryonic mouse head before ossification, a stretcher-compressor relationship elastically develops between the brain and the scalp, underlying their mechanically interdependent development.</AbstractText>© 2022 The Authors. Developmental Dynamics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Association for Anatomy.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,330,499 | Microsurgical anatomy and surgical exposure of the cerebellar peduncles. | A better understanding of the surgical anatomy of the cerebellar peduncles in different surgical approaches and their relationship with other neural structures are delineated through cadaveric dissections. We aimed to revisit the surgical anatomy of the cerebellar peduncles to describe their courses along the brain stem and the cerebellum and revise their segmental classification in surgical areas exposed through different approaches. Stepwise fiber microdissection was performed along the cerebellar tentorial and suboccipital surfaces. Multiple surgical approaches in each of the cerebellar peduncles were compared in eight silicone-injected cadaveric whole heads to evaluate the peduncular exposure areas. From a neurosurgical point of view, the middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) was divided into a proximal cisternal and a distal intracerebellar segments; the inferior cerebellar peduncle (ICP) into a ventricular segment followed by a posterior curve and a subsequent intracerebellar segment; the superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP) into an initial congregated, an intermediate intraventricular, and a distal intramesencephalic segment. Retrosigmoid and anterior petrosectomy approaches exposed the junction of the MCP segments; telovelar, supratonsillar, and lateral ICP approaches each reached different segments of ICP; paramedian supracerebellar infratentorial, suboccipital transtentorial, and combined posterior transpetrosal approaches displayed the predecussation SCP within the cerbellomesencephalic fissure, whereas the telovelar approach revealed the intraventricular SCP within the superolateral recess of the fourth ventricle. Better understanding of the microsurgical anatomy of the cerebellar peduncles in various surgical approaches and their exposure limits constitute the most critical aspect for the prevention of surgical morbidity during surgery in and around the pons and the upper medulla. Our findings help in evaluating radiological data and planning an operative procedure for cerebellar peduncles. |
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