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2,331,500 | Multimodality imaging of the ischemic right ventricle: an overview and proposal of a diagnostic algorithm. | Right ventricular (RV) involvement is frequently detected in patients presenting with acute left ventricular myocardial infarction. The ischemic right ventricle carries a dismal outcome by predisposing the heart to arrhythmic events and mechanical or hemodynamic complications. A comprehensive RV evaluation by multimodality imaging could guide clinical practice but has always been a conundrum for the imagers. Two-dimensional echocardiography is the best first-line tool due to its availability of bedside capabilities. More advanced imaging techniques provide a more comprehensive evaluation of the complex RV geometry but are mostly reserved for the post-acute setting. Three-dimensional echocardiography has improved the evaluation of RV volumes and function. The recent application of speckle-tracking echocardiography to the right ventricle appears promising, allowing the earlier detection of subtle RV dysfunction. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is considered the gold standard for the RV assessment. Cardiac multidetector computed tomography could be a reliable alternative. The aim of this review is to focus on the growing importance of multimodality imaging of the ischemic right ventricle and to propose a diagnostic algorithm, in order to reach a comprehensive assessment of this too frequently neglected chamber. |
2,331,501 | Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Profiles in Chronic Hypertension by Single or Sequentially Combined Renovascular and DOCA-Salt Treatments. | The involvement of natriuretic peptides was studied during the hypertrophic remodeling transition mediated by sequential exposure to chronic hemodynamic overload. We induced hypertension in rats by pressure (renovascular) or volume overload (DOCA-salt) during 6 and 12 weeks of treatment. We also studied the consecutive combination of both models in inverse sequences: RV 6 weeks/DS 6 weeks and DS 6 weeks/RV 6 weeks. All treated groups developed hypertension. Cardiac hypertrophy and left ventricular ANP gene expression were more pronounced in single DS than in single RV groups. BNP gene expression was positively correlated with left ventricular hypertrophy only in RV groups, while ANP gene expression was positively correlated with left ventricular hypertrophy only in DS groups. Combined models exhibited intermediate values between those of single groups at 6 and 12 weeks. The latter stimulus associated to the second applied overload is less effective than the former to trigger cardiac hypertrophy and to increase ANP and BNP gene expression. In addition, we suggest a correlation of ANP synthesis with volume overload and of BNP synthesis with pressure overload-induced hypertrophy after a prolonged treatment. Volume and pressure overload may be two mechanisms, among others, involved in the differential regulation of ANP and BNP gene expression in hypertrophied left ventricles. Plasma ANP levels reflect a response to plasma volume increase and volume overload, while circulating BNP levels seem to be regulated by cardiac BNP synthesis and ventricular hypertrophy. |
2,331,502 | ANG II and Aldosterone Acting Centrally Participate in the Enhanced Sodium Intake in Water-Deprived Renovascular Hypertensive Rats. | Renovascular hypertension is a type of secondary hypertension caused by renal artery stenosis, leading to an increase in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Two-kidney, 1-clip (2K1C) is a model of renovascular hypertension in which rats have an increased sodium intake induced by water deprivation (WD), a common situation found in the nature. In addition, a high-sodium diet in 2K1C rats induces glomerular lesion. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether angiotensin II (ANG II) and/or aldosterone participates in the increased sodium intake in 2K1C rats under WD. In addition, we also verified if central AT1 and mineralocorticoid receptor blockade would change the high levels of arterial pressure in water-replete (WR) and WD 2K1C rats, because blood pressure changes can facilitate or inhibit water and sodium intake. Finally, possible central areas activated during WD or WD followed by partial rehydration (PR) in 2K1C rats were also investigated. Male Holtzman rats (150-180 g) received a silver clip around the left renal artery to induce renovascular hypertension. Six weeks after renal surgery, a stainless-steel cannula was implanted in the lateral ventricle, followed by 5-7 days of recovery before starting tests. Losartan (AT1 receptor antagonist) injected intracerebroventricularly attenuated water intake during the thirst test. Either icv losartan or RU28318 (mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist) reduced 0.3 M NaCl intake, whereas the combination of losartan and RU28318 icv totally blocked 0.3 M NaCl intake induced by WD in 2K1C rats. Losartan and RU28318 icv did not change hypertension levels of normohydrated 2K1C rats, but reduced the increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) produced by WD. c-Fos expression increased in the lamina terminalis and in the NTS in WD condition, and increased even more after WD-PR. These results suggest the participation of ANG II and aldosterone acting centrally in the enhanced sodium intake in WD 2K1C rats, and not in the maintenance of hypertension in satiated and fluid-replete 2K1C rats. |
2,331,503 | Release of stem cells from quiescence reveals gliogenic domains in the adult mouse brain. | Quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult mouse ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) undergo activation to generate neurons and some glia. Here we show that platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) is expressed by adult V-SVZ NSCs that generate olfactory bulb interneurons and glia. Selective deletion of PDGFRβ in adult V-SVZ NSCs leads to their release from quiescence, uncovering gliogenic domains for different glial cell types. These domains are also recruited upon injury. We identify an intraventricular oligodendrocyte progenitor derived from NSCs inside the brain ventricles that contacts supraependymal axons. Together, our findings reveal that the adult V-SVZ contains spatial domains for gliogenesis, in addition to those for neurogenesis. These gliogenic NSC domains tend to be quiescent under homeostasis and may contribute to brain plasticity. |
2,331,504 | Echocardiographic view and feature selection for the estimation of the response to CRT. | Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an implant-based therapy applied to patients with a specific heart failure (HF) profile. The identification of patients that may benefit from CRT is a challenging task and the application of current guidelines still induce a non-responder rate of about 30%. Several studies have shown that the assessment of left ventricular (LV) mechanics by speckle tracking echocardiography can provide useful information for CRT patient selection. A comprehensive evaluation of LV mechanics is normally performed using three different echocardioraphic views: 4, 3 or 2-chamber views. The aim of this study is to estimate the relative importance of strain-based features extracted from these three views, for the estimation of CRT response. Several features were extracted from the longitudinal strain curves of 130 patients and different methods of feature selection (out-of-bag random forest, wrapping and filtering) have been applied. Results show that more than 50% of the 20 most important features are calculated from the 4-chamber view. Although features from the 2- and 3-chamber views are less represented in the most important features, some of the former have been identified to provide complementary information. A thorough analysis and interpretation of the most informative features is also provided, as a first step towards the construction of a machine-learning chain for an improved selection of CRT candidates. |
2,331,505 | Mechanisms of phase-3 early afterdepolarizations and triggered activities in ventricular myocyte models. | Early afterdepolarizations (EADs) are abnormal depolarizations during the repolarizing phase of the action potential, which are associated with cardiac arrhythmogenesis. EADs are classified into phase-2 and phase-3 EADs. Phase-2 EADs occur during phase 2 of the action potential, with takeoff potentials typically above -40 mV. Phase-3 EADs occur during phase 3 of the action potential, with takeoff potential between -70 and -50 mV. Since the amplitude of phase-3 EADs can be as large as that of a regular action potential, they are also called triggered activities (TAs). This also makes phase-3 EADs and TAs much more arrhythmogenic than phase-2 EADs since they can propagate easily in tissue. Although phase-2 EADs have been widely observed, phase-3 EADs and TAs have been rarely demonstrated in isolated ventricular myocytes. Here we carry out computer simulations of three widely used ventricular action potential models to investigate the mechanisms of phase-3 EADs and TAs. We show that when the T-type Ca<sup>2+</sup> current (I<sub>Ca,T</sub> ) is absent (e.g., in normal ventricular myocytes), besides the requirement of increasing inward currents and reducing outward currents as for phase-2 EADs, the occurrence of phase-3 EADs and TAs requires a substantially large increase of the L-type Ca<sup>2+</sup> current and the slow component of the delayed rectifier K<sup>+</sup> current. The presence of I<sub>Ca,T</sub> (e.g., in neonatal and failing ventricular myocytes) can greatly reduce the thresholds of these two currents for phase-3 EADs and TAs. This implies that I<sub>Ca,T</sub> may play an important role in arrhythmogenesis in cardiac diseases. |
2,331,506 | Acute exercise-induced changes in cardiac function relates to right ventricular remodeling following 12-wk hypoxic exercise training. | Repeated ventricular exposure to alterations in workload may relate to subsequent cardiac remodeling. We examined whether baseline acute changes in right (RV) and left ventricular (LV) function relate to chronic cardiac adaptation to 12-wk exercise training. Twenty-one healthy individuals performed 12-wk high-intensity endurance running training under hypoxia (fraction of inspired oxygen: 14.5%). Resting transthoracic echocardiography was performed before and after the training program to assess ventricular structure, function, and mechanics (including strain-area/volume loops). In addition, we examined systolic cardiac function during recumbent exercise under hypoxia at baseline (heart rate of 110-120 beats/min, "stress echocardiography"). Fifteen individuals completed training (22.0 ± 2.4 yr, 10 males). Hypoxic exercise training increased RV size, including diameter and area (all <i>P</i> < 0.05). With exception of an increase in RV fractional area change (<i>P</i> = 0.03), RV function did not change post-training (all <i>P</i> > 0.05). Regarding the RV strain-area loop, lower systolic and diastolic slopes were found post-training (<i>P</i> < 0.05). No adaptation in LV structure, function, or mechanics was observed (all <i>P</i> > 0.05). To answer our primary aim, we found that a greater increase in RV fractional area change during baseline stress echocardiography (<i>r</i> = -0.67, <i>P</i> = 0.01) inversely correlated with adaptation in RV basal diameter following 12-wk training. In conclusion, 12-wk high-intensity running hypoxic exercise training induced right-sided structural remodeling, which was, in part, related to baseline increase in RV fractional area change to acute exercise. These data suggest that acute cardiac responses to exercise may relate to subsequent RV remodeling after exercise training in healthy individuals.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> During exercise, the right ventricle is exposed to a disproportionally higher wall stress than the left ventricle, which is further exaggerated under hypoxia. In this study, we showed that 12-wk high-intensity running hypoxic exercise training induced right-sided structural remodeling, which was, in part, related to baseline cardiac increase in RV fractional area change to acute exercise. These data suggest that acute RV responses to exercise are related to subsequent right ventricular remodeling in healthy individuals upon hypoxic training. |
2,331,507 | Cardiac time intervals and myocardial performance index for prediction of twin-twin transfusion syndrome. | To explore whether intertwin discordance in myocardial performance index (MPI) or cardiac time intervals enables the prediction of twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) in monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) pregnancies with amniotic fluid discordance.</AbstractText>Prospective cohort study of MCDA pregnancies with amniotic fluid discordance ≥4 cm. Serial ultrasound examinations consisted of evaluation of amniotic fluid, fetal Dopplers and fetal cardiac function.</AbstractText>We included 21 "future-TTTS" (group I), 18 selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR; group II) and 20 uncomplicated MCDA twin pairs (group III). Group I had a higher intertwin difference in left ventricle (LV) MPI and right ventricle (RV) MPI compared to group II and III. The intertwin difference in global heart relaxation time was significantly higher in group I compared to group III. Future recipient twins had significantly higher contraction times of the global heart and RV and lower relaxation times of the global heart and RV compared to the "expected recipients" in group II and III.</AbstractText>Intertwin discordance in LV-MPI and RV-MPI differentiate between TTTS and MCDA pregnancies with transient discordant amniotic fluid volume. Cardiac time intervals identify future recipient twins. The clinical utility of cardiac time intervals and MPI should be investigated in large prospective studies.</AbstractText>© 2021 The Authors. Prenatal Diagnosis published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,331,508 | Multidisciplinary treatment of primary intracranial yolk sac tumor: A case report and literature review. | Intracranial yolk sac tumors (YSTs) are rare malignancies with limited treatment options and a dismal prognosis. They are usually managed with surgical resection and chemoradiotherapy.</AbstractText>Here, we report a patient with primary YST in the pineal region who achieved long term survival. Despite undergoing treatment, he experienced several recurrences over a 15-year period.</AbstractText>Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated the presence of space-occupying lesions in the pineal region and the medial tail of the left lateral ventricle. The tumors were excised, and the histological diagnosis suggested an intracranial YST.</AbstractText>The patient achieved long term survival after combined modality therapy including surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)/intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), chemotherapy, and targeted therapy.</AbstractText>The disease remained stable. However, the patient gave up treatment and passed away in October 2020, with a total survival of about 15 years.</AbstractText>To the best of our knowledge, this patient with intracranial YST had received a longer survival compared with other published reports. We summarize previously published reports of intracranial YST and discuss the importance of multidisciplinary treatment. SRS may have a role, as a focal boost to residual tumor after resection or in case of recurrence after conventional radiotherapy, in the multimodality management of intracranial YSTs.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,331,509 | Early adulthood obesity is associated with impaired left ventricular and right ventricular functions evaluated by speckle tracking and 3D echocardiography. | The prevalence of obesity is increasing globally. Obesity has been shown to be associated with adverse cardiac outcomes. Current knowledge on the impairment of cardiac function caused by obesity in young adult population is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of obesity on cardiac deformation parameters in healthy obese individuals in early adulthood using 2D deformation imaging and 3D echocardiography.</AbstractText>Seventy-seven volunteers with a body mass index (BMI) above 25 kg/m2 who were between 18 and 30 years of age and a control group including 40 participants were included. Patients with a history of organic heart disease, poor image quality, or current pregnancy were excluded. Participants were classified as overweight (BMI of 25-29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Two dimensional and 3D appropriate echocardiographic images were recorded and further analyzed with a post-processing software to obtain the global longitudinal strain (GLS) of left (LV) and right ventricle (RV).</AbstractText>A total of 117 subjects without metabolic syndrome were enrolled. Conventional dimensional and functional parameters as well as 3D volumetric measurements showed no significant differences among the groups. Presence of epicardial fat tissue was higher in the obese group. Notable differences were found among the groups for both 2D speckle tracking derived and 3D LV GLS, RV GLS, RV free-wall LS (analysis of variance [ANOVA], p<0.05) showing lower deformation in obese subjects. LV torsion was found to be significantly higher (ANOVA, p<0.05) for the obese group.</AbstractText>Obesity causes subclinical dysfunction of LV and RV in healthy obese subjects in early adulthood. Risk stratification should be performed by considering possible mentioned impact of obesity on myocardial functions.</AbstractText> |
2,331,510 | Ex Situ Perfusion of Hearts Donated After Euthanasia: A Promising Contribution to Heart Transplantation. | Organ donation after euthanasia is performed in an increasing number of countries. In this donation after circulatory death procedure, it has not been possible to donate the heart. Recent literature, however, reports positive results of heart donation after circulatory death. Therefore, patients who donate organs following euthanasia might be suitable candidates for heart donation. We want to confirm this assumption by sharing the results of 2 cases of heart donation following euthanasia with ex situ subnormothermic heart preservation. Our aim is to raise awareness of the potential of heart donation following euthanasia for both clinical transplantation and research.</AbstractText>The data of 2 consecutive heart donations following euthanasia were collected prospectively. Informed consent was obtained from the patients themselves for heart donation for research purposes. An acellular oxygenated subnormothermic machine perfusion strategy was used to preserve both donor hearts. Subsequently, the hearts were evaluated on a normothermic perfusion machine using a balloon in the left ventricle.</AbstractText>Heart donation following euthanasia was feasible without significant changes in existing retrieval protocols. Duration of machine perfusion preservation was 408 and 432 minutes, for heart 1 and 2, respectively. For heart 1, developed pressure (Pdev</sub>) was 119 mm Hg, maximal rate of pressure rise (dP/dtmax</sub>), and fall (dP/dtmin</sub>) were 1524 mm Hg/s and -1057 mm Hg/s, respectively. For heart 2, Pdev</sub> was 142 mm Hg, dP/dtmax</sub> was 1098 mm Hg/s, and dP/dtmin</sub> was -802 mm Hg/s.</AbstractText>Hearts donated following euthanasia are highly valuable for research purposes and can have sufficient quality to be transplanted. With the implementation of ex situ heart perfusion, patients who are to donate their organs following euthanasia should also be able to donate their hearts. The complex combination of euthanasia and heart donation is ethically sound and surgically feasible and can contribute to shortening the heart transplant waiting list.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Transplantation Direct. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,331,511 | Rg1 exerts protective effect in CPZ-induced demyelination mouse model via inhibiting CXCL10-mediated glial response.<Pagination><StartPage>563</StartPage><EndPage>576</EndPage><MedlinePgn>563-576</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1038/s41401-021-00696-3</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Myelin damage and abnormal remyelination processes lead to central nervous system dysfunction. Glial activation-induced microenvironment changes are characteristic features of the diseases with myelin abnormalities. We previously showed that ginsenoside Rg1, a main component of ginseng, ameliorated MPTP-mediated myelin damage in mice, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study we investigated the effects of Rg1 and mechanisms in cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelination mouse model. Mice were treated with CPZ solution (300 mg· kg<sup>-1</sup>· d<sup>-1</sup>, ig) for 5 weeks; from week 2, the mice received Rg1 (5, 10, and 20 mg· kg<sup>-1</sup>· d<sup>-1</sup>, ig) for 4 weeks. We showed that Rg1 administration dose-dependently alleviated bradykinesia and improved CPZ-disrupted motor coordination ability in CPZ-treated mice. Furthermore, Rg1 administration significantly decreased demyelination and axonal injury in pathological assays. We further revealed that the neuroprotective effects of Rg1 were associated with inhibiting CXCL10-mediated modulation of glial response, which was mediated by NF-κB nuclear translocation and CXCL10 promoter activation. In microglial cell line BV-2, we demonstrated that the effects of Rg1 on pro-inflammatory and migratory phenotypes of microglia were related to CXCL10, while Rg1-induced phagocytosis of microglia was not directly related to CXCL10. In CPZ-induced demyelination mouse model, injection of AAV-CXCL10 shRNA into mouse lateral ventricles 3 weeks prior CPZ treatment occluded the beneficial effects of Rg1 administration in behavioral and pathological assays. In conclusion, CXCL10 mediates the protective role of Rg1 in CPZ-induced demyelination mouse model. This study provides new insight into potential disease-modifying therapies for myelin abnormalities.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to CPS and SIMM.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dong</LastName><ForeName>Yi-Xiao</ForeName><Initials>YX</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chu</LastName><ForeName>Shi-Feng</ForeName><Initials>SF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Sha-Sha</ForeName><Initials>SS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tian</LastName><ForeName>Ya-Juan</ForeName><Initials>YJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>He</LastName><ForeName>Wen-Bin</ForeName><Initials>WB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Du</LastName><ForeName>Yu-Sheng</ForeName><Initials>YS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Zhen-Zhen</ForeName><Initials>ZZ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yan</LastName><ForeName>Xu</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Zhao</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China. zhangzhao@imm.ac.cn.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName><ForeName>Nai-Hong</ForeName><Initials>NH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China. chennh@imm.ac.cn.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China. chennh@imm.ac.cn.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China. chennh@imm.ac.cn.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2021</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>08</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Acta Pharmacol Sin</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>100956087</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1671-4083</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D054357">Chemokine CXCL10</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D036145">Ginsenosides</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D018836">Inflammation Mediators</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D016328">NF-kappa B</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D034741">RNA, Small Interfering</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>5N16U7E0AO</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D003471">Cuprizone</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D054357" MajorTopicYN="N">Chemokine CXCL10</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000037" MajorTopicYN="Y">antagonists & inhibitors</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003471" MajorTopicYN="N">Cuprizone</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="N">pharmacology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003711" MajorTopicYN="N">Demyelinating Diseases</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="Y">pathology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004195" MajorTopicYN="N">Disease Models, Animal</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004305" MajorTopicYN="N">Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D036145" MajorTopicYN="N">Ginsenosides</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="Y">pharmacology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018476" MajorTopicYN="N">Hypokinesia</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="N">pathology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018836" MajorTopicYN="N">Inflammation Mediators</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051379" MajorTopicYN="N">Mice</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008810" MajorTopicYN="N">Mice, Inbred C57BL</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017628" MajorTopicYN="N">Microglia</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016328" MajorTopicYN="N">NF-kappa B</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005894" MajorTopicYN="N">Panax</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="N">chemistry</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010587" MajorTopicYN="N">Phagocytosis</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D034741" MajorTopicYN="N">RNA, Small Interfering</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="N">pharmacology</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">CXCL10</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">cuprizone</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">demyelination</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">ginsenoside Rg1</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">glial response</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>The authors declare no competing interests.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>15</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2021</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>11</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2021</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2022</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>24</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2021</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>9</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>35</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">34103690</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC8888649</ArticleId><ArticleId 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Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998;95:10896–901.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC27992</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">9724801</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM" IndexingMethod="Automated"><PMID Version="1">34103449</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2021</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>10</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>10</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">1512-0112</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Issue>313</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>Apr</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Georgian medical news</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Georgian Med News</ISOAbbreviation></Journal>[IMPROVING THE PERFUSION FLOW OF BLOOD PUMPS]. | Myelin damage and abnormal remyelination processes lead to central nervous system dysfunction. Glial activation-induced microenvironment changes are characteristic features of the diseases with myelin abnormalities. We previously showed that ginsenoside Rg1, a main component of ginseng, ameliorated MPTP-mediated myelin damage in mice, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study we investigated the effects of Rg1 and mechanisms in cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelination mouse model. Mice were treated with CPZ solution (300 mg· kg<sup>-1</sup>· d<sup>-1</sup>, ig) for 5 weeks; from week 2, the mice received Rg1 (5, 10, and 20 mg· kg<sup>-1</sup>· d<sup>-1</sup>, ig) for 4 weeks. We showed that Rg1 administration dose-dependently alleviated bradykinesia and improved CPZ-disrupted motor coordination ability in CPZ-treated mice. Furthermore, Rg1 administration significantly decreased demyelination and axonal injury in pathological assays. We further revealed that the neuroprotective effects of Rg1 were associated with inhibiting CXCL10-mediated modulation of glial response, which was mediated by NF-κB nuclear translocation and CXCL10 promoter activation. In microglial cell line BV-2, we demonstrated that the effects of Rg1 on pro-inflammatory and migratory phenotypes of microglia were related to CXCL10, while Rg1-induced phagocytosis of microglia was not directly related to CXCL10. In CPZ-induced demyelination mouse model, injection of AAV-CXCL10 shRNA into mouse lateral ventricles 3 weeks prior CPZ treatment occluded the beneficial effects of Rg1 administration in behavioral and pathological assays. In conclusion, CXCL10 mediates the protective role of Rg1 in CPZ-induced demyelination mouse model. This study provides new insight into potential disease-modifying therapies for myelin abnormalities.<CopyrightInformation>© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to CPS and SIMM.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dong</LastName><ForeName>Yi-Xiao</ForeName><Initials>YX</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chu</LastName><ForeName>Shi-Feng</ForeName><Initials>SF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Sha-Sha</ForeName><Initials>SS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tian</LastName><ForeName>Ya-Juan</ForeName><Initials>YJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>He</LastName><ForeName>Wen-Bin</ForeName><Initials>WB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Du</LastName><ForeName>Yu-Sheng</ForeName><Initials>YS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Zhen-Zhen</ForeName><Initials>ZZ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yan</LastName><ForeName>Xu</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Zhao</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China. zhangzhao@imm.ac.cn.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName><ForeName>Nai-Hong</ForeName><Initials>NH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China. chennh@imm.ac.cn.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China. chennh@imm.ac.cn.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China. chennh@imm.ac.cn.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate 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Drug</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D036145" MajorTopicYN="N">Ginsenosides</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="Y">pharmacology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018476" MajorTopicYN="N">Hypokinesia</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="N">pathology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018836" MajorTopicYN="N">Inflammation Mediators</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051379" MajorTopicYN="N">Mice</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008810" MajorTopicYN="N">Mice, Inbred C57BL</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017628" MajorTopicYN="N">Microglia</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016328" MajorTopicYN="N">NF-kappa B</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005894" MajorTopicYN="N">Panax</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="N">chemistry</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010587" MajorTopicYN="N">Phagocytosis</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D034741" MajorTopicYN="N">RNA, Small Interfering</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="N">pharmacology</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">CXCL10</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">cuprizone</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">demyelination</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">ginsenoside Rg1</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">glial response</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>The authors declare no competing interests.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>15</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2021</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>11</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2021</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2022</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>24</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2021</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>9</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>35</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">34103690</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC8888649</ArticleId><ArticleId 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On the other hand, attempts to pulsate with roller and centrifugal pumps, which are structurally DC pumps, are fraught with complications. However, these pumps are clinically tested and are successfully used for the implementation of direct blood flow. The aim of the study was to develop and create a preclinical apparatus that transforms the flow of DC pumps into a pulsating one. We have developed an electronically controlled device (pulsator) that transforms the direct blood flow generated by roller or centrifugal pumps into a pulsating flow synchronized by the cardiogram. The pulsator was tested on the bench in various load modes. Cardiosynchronized pulsating blood flow with circulatory support is able to effectively relieve the ventricular myocardium both in volume and pressure. The pulsator can be easily and easily installed on the operating table or on the perfusion device stand. The ability to control the pulsation frequency, systolic-diastolic duration, clear cardiosynchronization and the ability to control the onset and termination of the impulse can provide unloading of the myocardium in volume and pressure in experiments on animals in the mode of auxiliary circulation. |
2,331,512 | Evaluation of the dosimetric impact of heart function-based volumetric modulated arc therapy planning in patients with esophageal cancer. | Radiotherapy for esophageal cancer entails high-dose irradiation of the myocardium owing to its close anatomical proximity to the esophagus. This study aimed to evaluate the dosimetric impact of functional avoidance planning for the myocardium with volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in patients with esophageal cancer and determine the feasibility of functional planning. Ten patients with early stage esophageal cancer were included in this study. The prescribed dose was 60 Gy administered in 30 fractions. An experienced physician contoured the left ventricle (LV) of the myocardium. For each patient, an anatomical plan (non-LV-sparing plan) and a functional plan (LV-sparing plan) were created using the VMAT. In the functional plan, the mean percentage of LV volume receiving a dose of ≥ 30 and ≥ 40 Gy was 6.0% ± 6.7% and 2.4% ± 2.7%, respectively, whereas in the anatomical plan, they were 11.7% ± 13.1% and 4.9% ± 6.5%, respectively. There were no significant differences with respect to the dose to the hottest 1 cm<sup>3</sup> of the planning target volume (PTV) and the minimum dose of the gross tumor volume and the dosimetric parameters of other normal tissues between the anatomical and functional plans. We compared the anatomical and functional plans of patients with esophageal cancer undergoing VMAT. Our results demonstrated that the functional plan reduced the dose to the LV with no significant differences in the organs at risk and PTV, indicating that avoidance planning can be safely performed when administering VMAT in patients with esophageal cancer. |
2,331,513 | Endoscopic third ventriculostomy and cerebrospinal fluid shunting for pure communicating hydrocephalus in children. | Recent reports regarding endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) for pediatric hydrocephalus revealed that ETV could avoid cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting in certain types of hydrocephalus. However, the effectiveness of ETV for "pure" communicating hydrocephalus that has no obstruction through CSF pathway is still unknown. In this study, we report clinical outcome of ETV and CSF shunting for communicating hydrocephalus and discuss the efficacy of ETV for pure communicating hydrocephalus.</AbstractText>Children less than 15 years old who underwent ETV or CSF shunting for communicating hydrocephalus were retrospectively reviewed. The absence of obstruction through CSF circulation was confirmed by CT cisternography or cine-contrast image in MRI.</AbstractText>Sixty-three patients (45 CSF shunting and 18 ETV) were included. The mean follow-up period was 6.1 years. The success rate was 60% in CSF shunting and 67% in ETV at the last visit (p = 0.867). Normal development was observed in 24 patients (53%) in CSF shunting and 12 patients (67%) in ETV (p = 0.334). There was a significant difference in the mean time to failure (CSF shunting: 51.1 months, ETV 3.6 months, p = 0.004). The factor that affected success rate in ETV was the age at surgery (success 21.6 months, failure 4.4 months, p = 0.024) and ETV success score (success 66.7, failure 50.0, p = 0.047).</AbstractText>Clinical outcomes of ETV were not inferior to those of CSF shunting in patients with communicating hydrocephalus. Further studies is required to elucidate to establish the consensus of ETV as a treatment option for communicating hydrocephalus.</AbstractText>© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,331,514 | Olfactory bulb volume in patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus: an MRI evaluation. | To investigate changes in olfactory bulb (OB) volume in patients with idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH).</AbstractText>This multicentric retrospective study included a test group of 23 patients with NPH (10 male and 13 female patients) and a control group of 27 healthy participants without hydrocephalus. The OB volume in all participants had been measured using cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the NPH group, positivity for disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus (DESH) was also evaluated.</AbstractText>The OB volumes of the NPH group (R 38.29 ± 9.34 mm3</sup> and L37.52 ± 9.59 mm3</sup>) were significantly lower than those of the control group (R 45.87 ± 7.33 mm3</sup> and L48.41 ± 7.62 mm3</sup>) bilaterally. There were no significant differences between right and left OB volumes in the NPH group. Nine of the 23 patients were DESH positive and 14 were DESH negative. There were no significant differences between OB volumes of the DESH positive and DESH vpatients in the NPH group. In both groups, there was a positive correlation between right and left OB volumes. There were no significant correlations between OB volumes and age or gender. In the NPH group, there were no significant correlations between DESH positivity and OB volumes.</AbstractText>OB volume decrease and olfactory problems should be taken into account in idiopathic NPH patients. When expanded ventricles and decreased OB volume are observed at cranial MRI, a diagnosis of idiopathic NPH should be considered.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2021 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,331,515 | [Transcranial sonographic characteristics of Parkinson's disease with symptoms of restless legs syndrome]. | <b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the transcranial sonographic characteristics in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with symptoms of restless legs syndrome (RLS). <b>Methods:</b> Patients with diagnosis of definite PD from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and 3 other participating hospitals between September 2018 and December 2019 were consecutively enrolled. Concurrent RLS symptoms were determined using Non-motor Symptoms Questionnaire. Transcranial sonography (TCS) and clinical assessments were performed during the same time and the related variables were compared between the two groups using <i>t</i>-test, non-parametric test, Chi-square test and Spearman correlation analysis, respectively. <b>Results:</b> Among 349 patients with PD, the prevalence of RLS symptoms was 22.6%. Compared to patients without RLS symptoms, those with RLS had longer disease duration (43.0 (24.0, 91.0) months vs 37.0 (20.0, 60.0) months, <i>P<</i>0.05) and higher Hoehn-Yahr stage (2.5 (2.0, 3.0) vs 2.0 (1.5, 2.5), <i>P<</i>0.01).TCS revealed that patients with RLS symptoms were more likely to have abnormality in the raphe nucleus (21.50% vs 7.78%, χ²=15.9, <i>P<</i>0.001) and increased third ventricle width ((6.22±1.97) mm vs (5.16±1.90) mm, <i>P<</i>0.001). No significant differences were found regarding parameters of substantia nigra. <b>Conclusions:</b> Concurrent RLS symptoms are common in PD patients. Abnormal echogenicity of raphe nucleus and increased third ventricle width could be characteristics of TCS in PD patients with RLS symptoms.</Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhuang</LastName><ForeName>S</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gu</LastName><ForeName>X</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chai</LastName><ForeName>B</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Feng</LastName><ForeName>T</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhou</LastName><ForeName>C Y</ForeName><Initials>CY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>He</LastName><ForeName>Y</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shang</LastName><ForeName>H F</ForeName><Initials>HF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, West China Hospitalof Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhou</LastName><ForeName>H Y</ForeName><Initials>HY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200020, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200020, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Xiong</LastName><ForeName>K P</ForeName><Initials>KP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Y C</ForeName><Initials>YC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mao</LastName><ForeName>C J</ForeName><Initials>CJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>C F</ForeName><Initials>CF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>chi</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>2017YFC0909100</GrantID><Agency>National Key Research and Development Program</Agency><Country/></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>China</Country><MedlineTA>Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>7511141</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0376-2491</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010300" MajorTopicYN="Y">Parkinson Disease</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012148" MajorTopicYN="Y">Restless Legs Syndrome</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013378" MajorTopicYN="N">Substantia Nigra</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011795" MajorTopicYN="N">Surveys and Questionnaires</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014463" MajorTopicYN="N">Ultrasonography</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><OtherAbstract Type="Publisher" Language="chi"><b>目的：</b> 探讨帕金森病（PD）合并不宁腿（RLS）症状患者经颅超声（TCS）特点。 <b>方法：</b> 连续纳入2018年9月至2019年12月在苏州大学附属第二医院及其他3所三甲医院临床确诊的PD患者。根据非运动症状问卷第26项问题将患者划分为合并RLS症状组（<i>n</i>=79）与不合并RLS症状组（<i>n</i>=270）。在临床评估同期行经颅超声检查，比较两组患者影像及临床特点，采用Spearman等级相关检验分析TCS参数与临床特征相关性。 <b>结果：</b> 349例PD患者中，RLS症状患病率为22.6%（79/349）。与不合并RLS症状患者相比，合并RLS症状患者病程长［43.0 （24.0，91.0）个月比37.0 （20.0，60.0）个月，<i>P</i><0.05］、Hoehn-Yahr分期高［2.5（2.0，3.0）比2.0（1.5，2.5），<i>P</i><0.01］。经颅超声显示合并RLS症状PD患者中缝核异常回声阳性率更高（21.50% 比7.78%，χ²=15.9，<i>P</i><0.001）、第三脑室宽度更宽［（6.22±1.97）mm比（5.16±1.90）mm，<i>P</i><0.001］，但黑质相关参数组间差异均无统计学意义（均<i>P</i>>0.05）。 <b>结论：</b> RLS症状是PD患者的常见症状。中缝核异常回声和第三脑室增宽是PD合并RLS症状患者的TCS特征。. |
2,331,516 | Neuroendoscopic treatment of symptomatic cyst of the septum pellucidum in children: A case series. | Symptomatic cysts of the septum pellucidum (CSP) are extremely rare in children and surgical indications are not well defined. A very careful clinical and neuroradiologic evaluation is necessary to consider a patient for surgical indication.</AbstractText>We present a surgical series of 7 pediatric patients. Clinical and radiological features of the patients, including clinical presentation, previous treatment, pre, and post-operative MRI, immediate postoperative, neuropsychiatric assessment, and outcomes were reviewed.</AbstractText>There were 5 males and 2 females (mean age 8 yrs). Five patients presented a history of severe intermittent headaches, two of them were admitted with acute symptoms of raised intracranial pressure. One patient presented Epilepsy and ADHD and one patient had severe psychosis. Overall, psychiatric disorders were diagnosed in six patients, three patients had Intellectual Disability (ID). In all cases, the cyst presented a ballooning feature, with a mean volume of 18,36 cm3 (range 10,62-28,5) and significant lateral bulging of both layers. All were operated on endoscopically without complications. After surgery, a very significant decrease in cyst volume was observed (mean volume 5,68 cm3; range 3,18-10,1) with complete disappearance of the ballooning aspect. Headaches resolved in all patients. In two patients operated in emergency papilloedema and vision improved in the first week after surgery. No recurrence of the cysts was noted during follow-up in all patients.</AbstractText>CSP may be associated with behavioral or psychiatric problems also in children. Neuroendoscopic surgery is a safe and effective therapeutic modality to treat CSP presenting with symptoms and signs of intracranial hypertension with good clinical results.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,331,517 | Smart Ultrasound Device for Non-Invasive Real-Time Myocardial Stiffness Quantification of the Human Heart. | Quantitative assessment of myocardial stiffness is crucial to understand and evaluate cardiac biomechanics and function. Despite the recent progresses of ultrasonic shear wave elastography, quantitative evaluation of myocardial stiffness still remains a challenge because of strong elastic anisotropy. In this paper we introduce a smart ultrasound approach for non-invasive real-time quantification of shear wave velocity (SWV) and elastic fractional anisotropy (FA) in locally transverse isotropic elastic medium such as the myocardium. The approach relies on a simultaneous multidirectional evaluation of the SWV without a prior knowledge of the fiber orientation. We demonstrated that it can quantify accurately SWV in the range of 1.5 to 6 m/s in transverse isotropic medium (FA < 0.7) using numerical simulations. Experimental validation was performed on calibrated phantoms and anisotropic ex vivo tissues. A mean absolute error of 0.22 m/s was found when compared to gold standard measurements. Finally, in vivo feasibility of myocardial anisotropic stiffness assessment was evaluated in four healthy volunteers on the antero-septo basal segment and on anterior free wall of the right ventricle (RV) in end-diastole. A mean longitudinal SWV of 1.08 ± 0.20 m/s was measured on the RV wall and 1.74 ± 0.51 m/s on the septal wall with a good intra-volunteer reproducibility (±0.18 m/s). This approach has the potential to become a clinical tool for the quantitative evaluation of myocardial stiffness and diastolic function. |
2,331,518 | Blunt cardiac trauma induced all types of left ventricular trauma in a 3-year-old girl.<Pagination><StartPage>1438</StartPage><EndPage>1439</EndPage><MedlinePgn>1438-1439</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1093/eurheartj/ehab288</ELocationID><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhu</LastName><ForeName>Jian</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-1768-5312</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of People's Liberation Army, 627#, Wuluo Road, Wuchangqu, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Huang</LastName><ForeName>Bin</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Xi</LastName><ForeName>Er-Ping</ForeName><Initials>EP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of People's Liberation Army, 627#, Wuluo Road, Wuchangqu, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gao</LastName><ForeName>Xu-Hui</ForeName><Initials>XH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of People's Liberation Army, 627#, Wuluo Road, Wuchangqu, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, People's Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D002363">Case Reports</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Eur Heart J</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>8006263</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0195-668X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002675" MajorTopicYN="N">Child, Preschool</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006321" MajorTopicYN="N">Heart</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006335" MajorTopicYN="Y">Heart Injuries</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="N">etiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006352" MajorTopicYN="N">Heart Ventricles</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013898" MajorTopicYN="Y">Thoracic Injuries</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000150" MajorTopicYN="N">complications</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014949" MajorTopicYN="Y">Wounds, Nonpenetrating</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000150" MajorTopicYN="N">complications</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2021</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>24</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2021</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2022</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>9</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2021</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>12</Hour><Minute>27</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">34097018</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1093/eurheartj/ehab288</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">6294434</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM" IndexingMethod="Curated"><PMID Version="1">34096927</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2021</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>07</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>07</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1940-087X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Issue>171</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>May</Month><Day>18</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Vis Exp</ISOAbbreviation></Journal>Closed Chest Biventricular Pressure-Volume Loop Recordings with Admittance Catheters in a Porcine Model.<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3791/62661</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Pressure-volume (PV) loop recording enables the state-of-the-art investigation of load-independent variables of ventricular performance. Uni-ventricular evaluation is often performed in preclinical research. However, the right and left ventricles exert functional interdependence due to their parallel and serial connections, encouraging simultaneous evaluation of both ventricles. Furthermore, various pharmacological interventions may affect the ventricles and their preloads and afterloads differently. We describe our closed chest approach to admittance-based bi-ventricular PV loop recordings in a porcine model of acute right ventricular (RV) overload. We utilize minimally invasive techniques with all vascular accesses guided by ultrasound. PV catheters are positioned, under fluoroscopic guidance, to avoid thoracotomy in animals, as the closed chest approach maintains the relevant cardiopulmonary physiology. The admittance technology provides real-time PV loop recordings without the need for post-hoc processing. Furthermore, we explain some essential troubleshooting steps during critical timepoints of the presented procedure. The presented protocol is a reproducible and physiologically relevant approach to obtain a bi-ventricular cardiac PV loop recording in a large animal model. This can be applied to a large variety of cardiovascular animal research.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lyhne</LastName><ForeName>Mads Dam</ForeName><Initials>MD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology Research, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University; mads.dam@clin.au.dk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schultz</LastName><ForeName>Jacob Gammelgaard</ForeName><Initials>JG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology Research, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dragsbaek</LastName><ForeName>Simone Juel</ForeName><Initials>SJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology Research, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hansen</LastName><ForeName>Jacob Valentin</ForeName><Initials>JV</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology Research, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mortensen</LastName><ForeName>Christian Schmidt</ForeName><Initials>CS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology Research, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kramer</LastName><ForeName>Anders</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology Research, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nielsen-Kudsk</LastName><ForeName>Jens Erik</ForeName><Initials>JE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology Research, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Andersen</LastName><ForeName>Asger</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology Research, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D059040">Video-Audio Media</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2021</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>18</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>J Vis Exp</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101313252</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1940-087X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006328" MajorTopicYN="Y">Cardiac Catheterization</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D057785" MajorTopicYN="N">Catheters</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006321" MajorTopicYN="Y">Heart</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006352" MajorTopicYN="N">Heart Ventricles</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013552" MajorTopicYN="N">Swine</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2021</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>12</Hour><Minute>23</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2021</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2021</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">34096927</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.3791/62661</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM" IndexingMethod="Curated"><PMID Version="1">34096916</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2021</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>04</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>04</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1940-087X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Issue>171</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>May</Month><Day>24</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Vis Exp</ISOAbbreviation></Journal>Quantification of Mouse Heart Left Ventricular Function, Myocardial Strain, and Hemodynamic Forces by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging.<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3791/62595</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Mouse models have contributed significantly to understanding genetic and physiological factors involved in healthy cardiac function, how perturbations result in pathology, and how myocardial diseases may be treated. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has become an indispensable tool for a comprehensive in vivo assessment of cardiac anatomy and function. This protocol shows detailed measurements of mouse heart left ventricular function, myocardial strain, and hemodynamic forces using 7-Tesla CMR. First, animal preparation and positioning in the scanner are demonstrated. Survey scans are performed for planning imaging slices in various short- and long-axis views. A series of prospective ECG-triggered short-axis (SA) movies (or CINE images) are acquired covering the heart from apex to base, capturing end-systolic and end-diastolic phases. Subsequently, single-slice, retrospectively gated CINE images are acquired in a midventricular SA view, and in 2-, 3-, and 4-chamber views, to be reconstructed into high-temporal resolution CINE images using custom-built and open-source software. CINE images are subsequently analyzed using dedicated CMR image analysis software. Delineating endomyocardial and epicardial borders in SA end-systolic and end-diastolic CINE images allows for the calculation of end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes, ejection fraction, and cardiac output. The midventricular SA CINE images are delineated for all cardiac time frames to extract a detailed volume-time curve. Its time derivative allows for the calculation of the diastolic function as the ratio of the early filling and atrial contraction waves. Finally, left ventricular endocardial walls in the 2-, 3-, and 4-chamber views are delineated using feature-tracking, from which longitudinal myocardial strain parameters and left ventricular hemodynamic forces are calculated. In conclusion, this protocol provides detailed in vivo quantification of the mouse cardiac parameters, which can be used to study temporal alterations in cardiac function in various mouse models of heart disease.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Daal</LastName><ForeName>Mariah R R</ForeName><Initials>MRR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam; m.r.daal@amsterdamumc.nl.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Strijkers</LastName><ForeName>Gustav J</ForeName><Initials>GJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam; BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Calcagno</LastName><ForeName>Claudia</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Garipov</LastName><ForeName>Ruslan R</ForeName><Initials>RR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MR Solutions Ltd.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wüst</LastName><ForeName>Rob C I</ForeName><Initials>RCI</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam; Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hautemann</LastName><ForeName>David</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Medis medical imaging systems B.V.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Coolen</LastName><ForeName>Bram F</ForeName><Initials>BF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D059040">Video-Audio Media</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2021</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>24</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>J Vis Exp</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101313252</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1940-087X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006352" MajorTopicYN="Y">Heart Ventricles</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006439" MajorTopicYN="N">Hemodynamics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008279" MajorTopicYN="N">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019028" MajorTopicYN="Y">Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051379" MajorTopicYN="N">Mice</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009200" MajorTopicYN="N">Myocardial Contraction</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011237" MajorTopicYN="N">Predictive Value of Tests</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011446" MajorTopicYN="N">Prospective Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015203" MajorTopicYN="N">Reproducibility of Results</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012189" MajorTopicYN="N">Retrospective Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013318" MajorTopicYN="N">Stroke Volume</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016277" MajorTopicYN="Y">Ventricular Function, Left</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2021</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>12</Hour><Minute>23</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2021</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2021</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>5</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">34096916</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.3791/62595</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM" IndexingMethod="Curated"><PMID Version="1">34096909</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2021</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>01</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>01</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1940-087X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Issue>171</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>May</Month><Day>19</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Vis Exp</ISOAbbreviation></Journal>An Antegrade Perfusion Method for Cardiomyocyte Isolation from Mice. | Pressure-volume (PV) loop recording enables the state-of-the-art investigation of load-independent variables of ventricular performance. Uni-ventricular evaluation is often performed in preclinical research. However, the right and left ventricles exert functional interdependence due to their parallel and serial connections, encouraging simultaneous evaluation of both ventricles. Furthermore, various pharmacological interventions may affect the ventricles and their preloads and afterloads differently. We describe our closed chest approach to admittance-based bi-ventricular PV loop recordings in a porcine model of acute right ventricular (RV) overload. We utilize minimally invasive techniques with all vascular accesses guided by ultrasound. PV catheters are positioned, under fluoroscopic guidance, to avoid thoracotomy in animals, as the closed chest approach maintains the relevant cardiopulmonary physiology. The admittance technology provides real-time PV loop recordings without the need for post-hoc processing. Furthermore, we explain some essential troubleshooting steps during critical timepoints of the presented procedure. The presented protocol is a reproducible and physiologically relevant approach to obtain a bi-ventricular cardiac PV loop recording in a large animal model. This can be applied to a large variety of cardiovascular animal research.</Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lyhne</LastName><ForeName>Mads Dam</ForeName><Initials>MD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology Research, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University; mads.dam@clin.au.dk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schultz</LastName><ForeName>Jacob Gammelgaard</ForeName><Initials>JG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology Research, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dragsbaek</LastName><ForeName>Simone Juel</ForeName><Initials>SJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology Research, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hansen</LastName><ForeName>Jacob Valentin</ForeName><Initials>JV</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology Research, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mortensen</LastName><ForeName>Christian Schmidt</ForeName><Initials>CS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology Research, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kramer</LastName><ForeName>Anders</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology Research, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nielsen-Kudsk</LastName><ForeName>Jens Erik</ForeName><Initials>JE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology Research, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Andersen</LastName><ForeName>Asger</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology Research, Aarhus University Hospital; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D059040">Video-Audio Media</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2021</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>18</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>J Vis Exp</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101313252</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1940-087X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006328" MajorTopicYN="Y">Cardiac Catheterization</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D057785" MajorTopicYN="N">Catheters</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006321" MajorTopicYN="Y">Heart</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006352" MajorTopicYN="N">Heart Ventricles</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013552" MajorTopicYN="N">Swine</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2021</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>12</Hour><Minute>23</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2021</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2021</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">34096927</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.3791/62661</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM" IndexingMethod="Curated"><PMID Version="1">34096916</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2021</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>04</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>04</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1940-087X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Issue>171</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>May</Month><Day>24</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Vis Exp</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Quantification of Mouse Heart Left Ventricular Function, Myocardial Strain, and Hemodynamic Forces by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3791/62595</ELocationID><Abstract>Mouse models have contributed significantly to understanding genetic and physiological factors involved in healthy cardiac function, how perturbations result in pathology, and how myocardial diseases may be treated. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has become an indispensable tool for a comprehensive in vivo assessment of cardiac anatomy and function. This protocol shows detailed measurements of mouse heart left ventricular function, myocardial strain, and hemodynamic forces using 7-Tesla CMR. First, animal preparation and positioning in the scanner are demonstrated. Survey scans are performed for planning imaging slices in various short- and long-axis views. A series of prospective ECG-triggered short-axis (SA) movies (or CINE images) are acquired covering the heart from apex to base, capturing end-systolic and end-diastolic phases. Subsequently, single-slice, retrospectively gated CINE images are acquired in a midventricular SA view, and in 2-, 3-, and 4-chamber views, to be reconstructed into high-temporal resolution CINE images using custom-built and open-source software. CINE images are subsequently analyzed using dedicated CMR image analysis software. Delineating endomyocardial and epicardial borders in SA end-systolic and end-diastolic CINE images allows for the calculation of end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes, ejection fraction, and cardiac output. The midventricular SA CINE images are delineated for all cardiac time frames to extract a detailed volume-time curve. Its time derivative allows for the calculation of the diastolic function as the ratio of the early filling and atrial contraction waves. Finally, left ventricular endocardial walls in the 2-, 3-, and 4-chamber views are delineated using feature-tracking, from which longitudinal myocardial strain parameters and left ventricular hemodynamic forces are calculated. In conclusion, this protocol provides detailed in vivo quantification of the mouse cardiac parameters, which can be used to study temporal alterations in cardiac function in various mouse models of heart disease.</Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Daal</LastName><ForeName>Mariah R R</ForeName><Initials>MRR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam; m.r.daal@amsterdamumc.nl.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Strijkers</LastName><ForeName>Gustav J</ForeName><Initials>GJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam; BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Calcagno</LastName><ForeName>Claudia</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Garipov</LastName><ForeName>Ruslan R</ForeName><Initials>RR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MR Solutions Ltd.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wüst</LastName><ForeName>Rob C I</ForeName><Initials>RCI</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam; Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hautemann</LastName><ForeName>David</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Medis medical imaging systems B.V.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Coolen</LastName><ForeName>Bram F</ForeName><Initials>BF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D059040">Video-Audio Media</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2021</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>24</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>J Vis Exp</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101313252</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1940-087X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006352" MajorTopicYN="Y">Heart Ventricles</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006439" MajorTopicYN="N">Hemodynamics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008279" MajorTopicYN="N">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019028" MajorTopicYN="Y">Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051379" MajorTopicYN="N">Mice</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009200" MajorTopicYN="N">Myocardial Contraction</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011237" MajorTopicYN="N">Predictive Value of Tests</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011446" MajorTopicYN="N">Prospective Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015203" MajorTopicYN="N">Reproducibility of Results</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012189" MajorTopicYN="N">Retrospective Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013318" MajorTopicYN="N">Stroke Volume</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016277" MajorTopicYN="Y">Ventricular Function, Left</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2021</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>12</Hour><Minute>23</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2021</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2021</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>5</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">34096916</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.3791/62595</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM" IndexingMethod="Curated"><PMID Version="1">34096909</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2021</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>01</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>01</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1940-087X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Issue>171</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>May</Month><Day>19</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Vis Exp</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>An Antegrade Perfusion Method for Cardiomyocyte Isolation from Mice.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3791/61866</ELocationID><Abstract>In basic research using mouse heart, isolating viable individual cardiomyocytes is a crucial technical step to overcome. Traditionally, isolating cardiomyocytes from rabbits, guinea pigs or rats has been performed via retrograde perfusion of the heart with enzymes using a Langendorff apparatus. However, a high degree of skill is required when this method is used with a small mouse heart. An antegrade perfusion method that does not use a Langendorff apparatus was recently reported for the isolation of mouse cardiomyocytes. We herein report a complete protocol for the improved antegrade perfusion of the excised heart to isolate individual heart cells from adult mice (8 - 108 weeks old). Antegrade perfusion is performed by injecting perfusate near the apex of the left ventricle of the excised heart, the aorta of which was clamped, using an infusion pump. All procedures are carried out on a pre-warmed heater mat under a microscope, which allows for the injection and perfusion processes to be monitored. The results suggest that ventricular and atrial myocytes, and fibroblasts can be well isolated from a single adult mouse simultaneously. |
2,331,519 | Elevated cortisol lowers thermal tolerance but results in limited cardiac remodelling in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) experiencing chronic social stress. | Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) held in pairs form dominance hierarchies in which subordinate individuals experience chronic social stress accompanied by lowered thermal tolerance (assessed as the critical thermal maximum, CTmax). Here, we tested the hypothesis that chronic elevation of circulating cortisol levels reduces thermal tolerance in subordinate trout. In support of this hypothesis, subordinate trout that recovered from social stress for 48 h, a period sufficient to return cortisol to normal baseline levels, no longer showed reduced CTmax. Further, thermal tolerance was not restored in subordinates treated with cortisol during recovery from social stress. To explore possible mechanisms underlying the effect of chronic stress on CTmax, we also tested the hypothesis that chronic cortisol elevation induces cardiac remodelling in subordinate trout, as previously reported for cortisol-treated rainbow trout. Ventricle mass and cardiac hypertrophy markers were unaffected by social stress. Picrosirius Red staining revealed a trend for lower collagen levels in the ventricles of subordinate relative to dominant trout. However, collagen type I transcript and protein levels, and markers of collagen turnover were unaffected. Indicators of cardiac function, including ventricle passive stiffness and intrinsic heart rate (fH), similarly were unaffected. In vivo fH was also similar between subordinate and dominant fish. Nevertheless, in keeping with their lower CTmax, subordinate fish exhibited cardiac arrhythmia at significantly lower temperatures than dominant fish during CTmax trials. Thus, high baseline cortisol levels in subordinate trout result in lowered thermal tolerance, but 5 days of social stress did not greatly affect cardiac structure or function. |
2,331,520 | Inhibition of Tau aggregation with BSc3094 reduces Tau and decreases cognitive deficits in rTg4510 mice. | One of the major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD)is the aberrant modification and aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein Tau . The extent of Tau pathology correlates with cognitive decline, strongly implicating Tau in the pathogenesis of the disease. Because the inhibition of Tau aggregation may be a promising therapeutic target, we tested the efficacy of BSc3094, an inhibitor of Tau aggregation, in reducing Tau pathology and ameliorating the disease symptoms in transgenic mice.</AbstractText>Mice expressing human Tau with the P301L mutation (line rTg4510) were infused with BSc3094 into the lateral ventricle using Alzet osmotic pumps connected to a cannula that was placed on the skull of the mice, thus bypassing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) . The drug treatment lasted for 2 months, and the effect of BSc3094 on cognition and on reversing hallmarks of Tau pathology was assessed.</AbstractText>BSc3094 significantly reduced the levels of Tau phosphorylation and sarkosyl-insoluble Tau. In addition, the drug improved cognition in different behavioral tasks and reduced anxiety-like behavior in the transgenic mice used in the study.</AbstractText>Our in vivo investigations demonstrated that BSc3094 is capable of partially reducing the pathological hallmarks typically observed in Tau transgenic mice, highlighting BSc3094 as a promising compound for a future therapeutic approach for AD.</AbstractText>© 2021 The Authors. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,331,521 | Experimental design of the Effects of Dehydroepiandrosterone in Pulmonary Hypertension (EDIPHY) trial. | Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains life-limiting despite numerous approved vasodilator therapies. Right ventricular (RV) function determines outcome in PAH but no treatments directly target RV adaptation. PAH is more common in women, yet women have better RV function and survival as compared to men with PAH. Lower levels of the adrenal steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate ester are associated with more severe pulmonary vascular disease, worse RV function, and mortality independent of other sex hormones in men and women with PAH. DHEA has direct effects on nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) synthesis and signaling, direct antihypertrophic effects on cardiomyocytes, and mitigates oxidative stress. Effects of Dehydroepiandrosterone in Pulmonary Hypertension (EDIPHY) is an on-going randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial of DHEA in men (<i>n</i> = 13) and pre- and post-menopausal women (<i>n</i> = 13) with Group 1 PAH funded by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. We will determine whether orally administered DHEA 50 mg daily for 18 weeks affects RV longitudinal strain measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, markers of RV remodeling and oxidative stress, NO and ET-1 signaling, sex hormone levels, other PAH intermediate end points, side effects, and safety. The crossover design will elucidate sex-based phenotypes in PAH and whether active treatment with DHEA impacts NO and ET-1 biosynthesis. EDIPHY is the first clinical trial of an endogenous sex hormone in PAH. Herein we present the study's rationale and experimental design. |
2,331,522 | Dexmedetomidine Protects Human Cardiomyocytes Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through α2-Adrenergic Receptor/AMPK-Dependent Autophagy. | <b>Background:</b> Ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) strongly affects the prognosis of children with complicated congenital heart diseases (CHDs) who undergo long-term cardiac surgical processes. Recently, the α2-adrenergic receptor agonist <i>Dexmedetomidine</i> (Dex) has been reported to protect cardiomyocytes (CMs) from I/R in cellular models and adult rodent models. However, whether and how Dex may protect human CMs in young children remains largely unknown. <b>Methods and Results:</b> Human ventricular tissue from tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients and CMs derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CMs) were used to assess whether and how Dex protects human CMs from I/R. The results showed that when pretreated with Dex, the apoptosis marker-TUNEL and cleaved caspase 3 in the ventricular tissue were significantly reduced. In addition, the autophagy marker LC3II was significantly increased compared with that of the control group. When exposed to the hypoxia/reoxygenation process, iPSC-CMs pretreated with Dex also showed reduced TUNEL and cleaved caspase 3 and increased LC3II. When the autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine, 3-MA) was applied to the iPSC-CMs, the protective effect of Dex on the CMs was largely blocked. In addition, when the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes was blocked by Bafilomycin A1, the degradation of p62 induced by Dex during the autophagy process was suspended. Moreover, when pretreated with Dex, both the human ventricle and the iPSC-CMs expressed more AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and phospho AMPK (pAMPK) during the I/R process. After AMPK knockout or the use of an α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist-yohimbine, the protection of Dex and its enhancement of autophagy were inhibited. <b>Conclusion:</b> Dex protects young human CMs from I/R injury, and α2-adrenergic receptor/AMPK-dependent autophagy plays an important role during this process. Dex may have a therapeutic effect for children with CHD who undergo long-term cardiac surgical processes. |
2,331,523 | [A Case of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Who Relapsed Under Oral Corticosteroid Treatment with Multiple Cerebrospinal Lesions and Severe Neurological Deficits]. | We present a case of a 59-year-old female who had been treated for optic neuritis 2 years before being transferred to our hospital. She had been positive for anti-AQP4 antibodies. No cerebrospinal lesions were observed, and based on the diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), 5 mg/day oral prednisolone was continued for 2 years. Acute lower back pain and urinary retention appeared on day X. On day X + 1, consciousness disturbance (JCS level II) and paraplegia appeared, and she was transferred to our hospital. Neck stiffness, paraplegia, and urinary retention were present. A cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed mononucleosis-dominant pleocytosis (1,232 cells/μl). Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiple lesions around the ventricles and corpus callosum, and spinal MRI revealed a longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis lesion (C2-Th5). A relapse of NMOSD was diagnosed and steroid pulse therapy was started, but the symptoms progressed and quadriplegia and coma occurred. Head MRI showed new deep white matter lesions around the ventricles. Plasma exchange was added after the second steroid pulse. The patient's consciousness gradually improved, and spontaneous movement of the left upper limb eventually appeared. We experienced a case of NMOSD that relapsed with multiple cerebrospinal lesions despite corticosteroid therapy, but plasmapheresis therapy was effective. |
2,331,524 | Assessment of a 3D printed simulator of a lateral ventricular puncture in interns' surgical training. | In this study, a simulator for training lateral ventricular puncture (LVP) was developed using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, and its function of improving the skills of LVP in young interns was evaluated.</AbstractText>A virtual 3D craniocerebral simulator of a 51-year-old female patient with hydrocephalus was reconstructed with 3D printing technology. The anatomical and practical validity were assessed by all interns on a 13-item Likert scale. The usefulness of this simulator was evaluated once a week by two neurosurgeons, based on the performance of the interns, using the objective structured assessment of technical skills (OSATS) scale.</AbstractText>The Likert scale showed that all participants agreed with the overall appearance of the simulator. Also, the authenticity of the skull was the best, followed by the lateral ventricles, analog generation system of intraventricular pressure, cerebrum, and the scalp. This simulator could help the participants' learning about the anatomy of the lateral ventricle, effective training, and repeating the steps of LVP. During training, the interns' ratio of success in LVP elevated gradually. At each evaluation stage, all mean performance scores for each measure based on the OSATS scale were higher than the previous.</AbstractText>The 3D printed simulator for LVP training provided both anatomical and practical validity, and enabled young doctors to master the LVP procedures and skills.</AbstractText> |
2,331,525 | Chronological and biological aging of the human left ventricular myocardium: Analysis of microRNAs contribution. | Aging is the main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In humans, cardiac aging remains poorly characterized. Most studies are based on chronological age (CA) and disregard biological age (BA), the actual physiological age (result of the aging rate on the organ structure and function), thus yielding potentially imperfect outcomes. Deciphering the molecular basis of ventricular aging, especially by BA, could lead to major progresses in cardiac research. We aim to describe the transcriptome dynamics of the aging left ventricle (LV) in humans according to both CA and BA and characterize the contribution of microRNAs, key transcriptional regulators. BA is measured using two CA-associated transcriptional markers: CDKN2A expression, a cell senescence marker, and apparent age (AppAge), a highly complex transcriptional index. Bioinformatics analysis of 132 LV samples shows that CDKN2A expression and AppAge represent transcriptomic changes better than CA. Both BA markers are biologically validated in relation to an aging phenotype associated with heart dysfunction, the amount of cardiac fibrosis. BA-based analyses uncover depleted cardiac-specific processes, among other relevant functions, that are undetected by CA. Twenty BA-related microRNAs are identified, and two of them highly heart-enriched that are present in plasma. We describe a microRNA-gene regulatory network related to cardiac processes that are partially validated in vitro and in LV samples from living donors. We prove the higher sensitivity of BA over CA to explain transcriptomic changes in the aging myocardium and report novel molecular insights into human LV biological aging. Our results can find application in future therapeutic and biomarker research. |
2,331,526 | Third ventricular diverticulum of the suprapineal recess can be a rare and confounding complication of chronic hydrocephalus: A case report with 2-year follow-up. | Chronic hydrocephalus is rarely seen in developed countries due to the widespread availability of CT scans for diagnosis and early treatment. In developing countries, it is more frequently encountered along with its rare complication of diverticulum formation.</AbstractText>We report a case of a previously healthy 6 year old girl who presented with a 10 day history of headache, 3 day history of drowsiness and a single episode of generalized tonic clonic seizures. We review the literature on such cases and include imagining studies at follow up.</AbstractText>A CT scan done outside our hospital had been reported to be demonstrating a posterior fossa arachnoid cyst with resultant obstructive hydrocephalus. We first placed an external ventricular drain and performed an MRI of the brain to further characterize the lesion. It was again reported as an arachnoid cyst but on further scrutiny it was appreciated that it was in fact a third ventricular diverticulum of the suprapineal recess. She underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement which led to resolution of the hydrocephalus as well as the diverticulum.</AbstractText>These diverticulae develop secondary to ventricular rupture in the setting of chronic untreated hydrocephalus. This pathology was first described in 1940 and over the years its identification has decreased due to a much lower incidence of chronic untreated hydrocephalus.</AbstractText>© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,331,527 | Ion current profiles in canine ventricular myocytes obtained by the "onion peeling" technique. | The profiles of ion currents during the cardiac action potential can be visualized by the action potential voltage clamp technique. To obtain multiple ion current data from the same cell, the "onion peeling" technique, based on sequential pharmacological dissection of ion currents, has to be applied. Combination of the two methods allows recording of several ion current profiles from the same myocyte under largely physiological conditions. Using this approach, we have studied the densities and integrals of the major cardiac inward (I<sub>Ca</sub>, I<sub>NCX</sub>, I<sub>Na-late</sub>) and outward (I<sub>Kr</sub>, I<sub>Ks</sub>, I<sub>K1</sub>) currents in canine ventricular cells and studied the correlation between them. For this purpose, canine ventricular cardiomyocytes were chosen because their electrophysiological properties are similar to those of human ones. Significant positive correlation was observed between the density and integral of I<sub>Ca</sub> and I<sub>Kr</sub>, and positive correlation was found also between the integral of I<sub>Ca</sub> and I<sub>NCX</sub>. No further correlations were detected. The Ca<sup>2+</sup>-sensitivity of K<sup>+</sup> currents was studied by comparing their parameters in the case of normal calcium homeostasis and following blockade of I<sub>Ca</sub>. Out of the three K<sup>+</sup> currents studied, only I<sub>Ks</sub> was Ca<sup>2+</sup>-sensitive. The density and integral of I<sub>Ks</sub> was significantly greater, while its time-to-peak value was shorter at normal Ca<sup>2+</sup> cycling than following I<sub>Ca</sub> blockade. No differences were detected for I<sub>Kr</sub> or I<sub>K1</sub> in this regard. Present results indicate that the positive correlation between I<sub>Ca</sub> and I<sub>Kr</sub> prominently contribute to the balance between inward and outward fluxes during the action potential plateau in canine myocytes. The results also suggest that the profiles of cardiac ion currents have to be studied under physiological conditions, since their behavior may strongly be influenced by the intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> homeostasis and the applied membrane potential protocol. |
2,331,528 | Delayed transient obstructive hydrocephalus after cerebral aneurysm rupture: A case report. | Obstructive hydrocephalus (OH) frequently occurs in patients with a ruptured cerebral aneurysm (CA), and it may lead to severe neurological deficits, including life-threatening brain herniation. OH generally occurs in the early stage of CA rupture, rather than in the late stage, and rarely resolves without therapy.</AbstractText>A 64-year-old woman with a ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm was treated with coil embolization. Nineteen days after her CA rupture, because of the delayed transient OH, she experienced a dramatic cycle in consciousness over 9 hours: wakefulness-drowsiness-coma-drowsiness-wakefulness.</AbstractText>The patient was diagnosed with delayed transient obstructive hydrocephalus, which is a very rare condition.</AbstractText>Mannitol was administered to reduce intracranial pressure.</AbstractText>The patient was discharged from the hospital 30 days after admission, with a final GCS score of 15 and without weaknesses. At follow-up 2 months after discharge, brain CT revealed non-recurrence of hydrocephalus.</AbstractText>A blood clot of any size in the ventricle is likely to lead to obstructive hydrocephalus. Prolonged bed rest for IVH patients may help to reduce the incidence of delayed OH.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,331,529 | Influence of supramarginal resection on survival outcomes after gross-total resection of IDH-wild-type glioblastoma. | The authors' goal was to use a multicenter, observational cohort study to determine whether supramarginal resection (SMR) of FLAIR-hyperintense tumor beyond the contrast-enhanced (CE) area influences the overall survival (OS) of patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase-wild-type (IDH-wt) glioblastoma after gross-total resection (GTR).</AbstractText>The medical records of 888 patients aged ≥ 18 years who underwent resection of GBM between January 2011 and December 2017 were reviewed. Volumetric measurements of the CE tumor and surrounding FLAIR-hyperintense tumor were performed, clinical variables were obtained, and associations with OS were analyzed.</AbstractText>In total, 101 patients with newly diagnosed IDH-wt GBM who underwent GTR of the CE tumor met the inclusion criteria. In multivariate analysis, age ≥ 65 years (HR 1.97; 95% CI 1.01-2.56; p < 0.001) and contact with the lateral ventricles (HR 1.59; 95% CI 1.13-1.78; p = 0.025) were associated with shorter OS, but preoperative Karnofsky Performance Status ≥ 70 (HR 0.47; 95% CI 0.27-0.89; p = 0.006), MGMT promotor methylation (HR 0.63; 95% CI 0.52-0.99; p = 0.044), and increased percentage of SMR (HR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98-0.99; p = 0.02) were associated with longer OS. Finally, 20% SMR was the minimum percentage associated with beneficial OS (HR 0.56; 95% CI 0.35-0.89; p = 0.01), but > 60% SMR had no significant influence (HR 0.74; 95% CI 0.45-1.21; p = 0.234).</AbstractText>SMR is associated with improved OS in patients with IDH-wt GBM who undergo GTR of CE tumor. At least 20% SMR of the CE tumor was associated with beneficial OS, but greater than 60% SMR had no significant influence on OS.</AbstractText> |
2,331,530 | Endogenous neural stem cells modulate microglia and protect against demyelination. | In response to corpus callosum (CC) demyelination, subventricular zone-derived neural progenitors (SVZdNPs) are mobilized and generate new myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLG). Here, we examine the putative immunomodulatory properties of endogenous SVZdNPs during demyelination in the cuprizone model. SVZdNP density was higher in the lateral and rostral CC regions, and demyelination was inversely correlated with activated microglial density and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Single-cell RNA sequencing showed that CC areas with high levels of SVZdNP mobilization were enriched in a microglial cell subpopulation with an immunomodulatory signature. We propose MFGE8 (milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor-8) and β3 integrin as a ligand/receptor pair involved in dialogue between SVZdNPs and microglia. Immature SVZdNPs mobilized to the demyelinated CC were found highly enriched in MFGE8, which promoted the phagocytosis of myelin debris in vitro. Overall, these results demonstrate that, in addition to their cell replacement capacity, endogenous progenitors have immunomodulatory properties, highlighting a new role for endogenous SVZdNPs in myelin regeneration. |
2,331,531 | The Correlation Between Gender and Accessory Pathways. | Background Accessory pathways (APs) are muscular bundles capable of rapid conduction between atria and ventricles. They can be located anywhere along the atrioventricular groove or septum. The etiology of such pathways is generally unknown. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between gender, AP location, and clinical presentation. Methods This is a retrospective study of 139 patients who underwent radiofrequency ablations for newly diagnosed accessory pathways between years 2010 and 2016. Information extracted from the medical records included: age at the time of diagnosis, gender, characteristics, and anatomical location of the accessory pathways. Results A total of 139 patients with AP were enrolled in the study. The mean age of diagnosis was 32.2 ± 13.5 years. With regards to gender, APs were more common among men (p-value 0.04). Males were predominant in both the right and left AP groups (p-value 0.025), although, overall, most of the AP were left located. Also, males were more commonly diagnosed with right posteroseptal (RPS) accessory pathways while females with left lateral (LL) pathways. Concerning the clinical presentation, the manifest form was more frequent than concealed. Males were prevalent in both groups (p-value 0.38). Conclusion Gender components might have a role in the pathogenesis of AP formation. |
2,331,532 | Acute myocardial infarction not attributed to coronary artery disease: A seldom initial presentation of a left ventricular myxoma. | Although myxoma represents the most frequent non-malignant cardiac primary tumor; it is extremely rare met in the left ventricle. Clinical features of the neoplasm extend from symptomless to critical signs of either ischemia or embolism. We describe here an unusual case of a huge left ventricular myxoma in a 68-year-old man, presented with clinical and ECG findings of an inferior wall myocardial infarction. The patient was primarily referred to our institution for coronary angiography, which showed no coronary artery disease. Further examinations revealed a left ventricular mass as the possible source of embolization, thus the patient underwent surgery for tumor excision. The postoperative course was unremarkable. A bibliographical analysis demonstrated that those tumors are rare but treatable causes of embolic myocardial infarction, thus profound clinical intuition, proper utilization of imaging modalities, administration of anticoagulants preoperatively, as well immediate surgical removal are justified. |
2,331,533 | Effects of intrathecal and intracerebroventricular microinjection of kaempferol on pain: possible mechanisms of action. | Kaempferol (KM), a flavonoid, has an anti-inflammatory and anticancer effect and prevents many metabolic diseases. Nonetheless, very few studies have been done on the antinociceptive effects of KM. This research aimed at assessing the involvement of opioids, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, and inflammatory mediators in the antinociceptive effects of KM in male Wistar rats.</AbstractText>The intracerebroventricular and/or intrathecal administration of the compounds was done for examining their central impacts on the thermal and chemical pain by the tail-flick and formalin paw tests. For assessing the role of opioid and GABA receptors in the possible antinociceptive effects of KM, several antagonists were used. Also, a rotarod test was carried out for assessing motor performance.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="FINDINGS/RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">The intracerebroventricular and/or intrathecal microinjections of KM (40 μg/rat) had partially antinociceptive effects in the tail-flick test in rats (P</i> < 0.05). In the formalin paw model, the intrathecal microinjection of KM had antinociceptive effects in phase 1 (20 and 40 μg/rat; P</i> < 0.05 and P</i> < 0.01, respectively) and phase 2 (20 and 40 μg/rat; P</i> < 0.01 and P</i> < 0.001, respectively). Using naloxonazine and/or bicuculline approved the involvement of opioid and GABA receptors in the central antinociceptive effects of KM, respectively. Moreover, KM reduced the expression levels of caspase 6, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6. The antinociceptive effects of KM were not linked to variations in the locomotor activity.</AbstractText>It can be concluded that KM has remarkable antinociceptive effects at a spinal level, which is associated with the presence of the inflammatory state. These impacts were undetectable following injections in the lateral ventricle. The possible mechanisms of KM antinociception are possibly linked to various modulatory pathways, including opioid and GABA receptors.</AbstractText>Copyright: © 2021 Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,331,534 | Right ventricular outflow obstruction with squamous cell carcinoma of unknown origin. | A 60-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of chest tightness. CT scans showed no specific findings except a right ventricular (RV) mass. Echocardiogram revealed that the large cardiac mass was compressing the right ventricular outflow tract, and the patient thus underwent an emergency operation. As the tumour on the inlet side of the right ventricle was tightly adhered to the entire tricuspid chordae, a complete resection was impossible. Pathological findings revealed that the tumour was metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. Four cycles of chemotherapy were administered. Further investigations were conducted to identify the primary cancer focus, but there were no specific findings. Eight months after the operation, the patient returned to the hospital. Echocardiogram showed a severely occupying mass once again, and the patient died as a result. Autopsy revealed no findings relating to the primary origin of the cardiac metastases. |
2,331,535 | Conservation of neural progenitor identity and the emergence of neocortical neuronal diversity. | One paramount challenge for neuroscientists over the past century has been to identify the embryonic origins of the enormous diversity of cortical neurons found in the adult human neocortex and to unravel the developmental processes governing their emergence. In all mammals, including humans, the radial glia lining the ventricles of the embryonic telencephalon, more recently reclassified as apical radial glia (aRGs), have been identified as the neural progenitors giving rise to all excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons of the six-layered cortex. In this review, we explore the fundamental molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate aRG function and the generation of neuronal diversity in the dorsal telencephalon. We survey the key structural features essential for the retention of the highly polarized aRG morphology and therefore impose aRG identity after cytokinesis. We discuss how these structures and associated molecular signaling complexes influence aRG proliferative capacity and the decision to undergo proliferative self-renewing symmetric or neurogenic asymmetric divisions. We also explore the intriguing and complex question of how the extensive neuronal diversity within the adult neocortex arises from the small aRG population located within the cortical proliferative zone. We further highlight the recent clonal lineage tracing and single-cell transcriptomic profiling studies providing compelling evidence that individual neuronal identity emerges as a consequence of exposure to temporally regulated extrinsic cues which coordinate waves of transcriptional activity that evolve over time to drive neuronal commitment and maturation. |
2,331,536 | Inflammatory Responses with Left Ventricular Compromise after Induction of Myocardial Infarcts in Sheep (Ovis <i>aries)</i>. | Ischemic myocardial disease is a major cause of death among humans worldwide; it results in scarring and pallor of the myocardium and triggers an inflammatory response that contributes to impaired left ventricular function. This response includes and is evidenced by the production of several inflammatory cytokines including TNFα, IL1β, IL4, IFNγ, IL10 and IL6. In the current study, myocardial infarcts were induced in 6 mo old male castrated sheep by ligation of the left circumflex obtuse marginal arteries (OM 1 and 2). MRI was used to measure parameters of left ventricular function that include EDV, ESV, EF, SVI, dp/dt max and dp/dt min at baseline and at 4 wk and 3 mo after infarct induction. We also measured serum concentrations of an array of cytokines. Postmortem histologic findings corroborate the existence of left ventricular myocardial injury and deterioration. Our data show a correlation between serum cytokine concentrations and the development of myocardial damage and left ventricular functional compromise. |
2,331,537 | COVID-19-related echocardiographic patterns of cardiovascular dysfunction in critically ill patients: A systematic review of the current literature. | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection may trigger a multi-systemic disease involving different organs. There has been growing interest regarding the harmful effects of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system. This systematic review aims to systematically analyze papers reporting echocardiographic findings in hospitalized COVID-19 subjects.</AbstractText>We included prospective and retrospective studies reporting echocardiography data in >10 hospitalized adult subjects with COVID-19; from 1st February 2020 to 15th January 2021.</AbstractText>The primary electronic search identified 1120 articles. Twenty-nine studies were finally included, enrolling 3944 subjects. Overall the studies included a median of 68.0% (45.5-100.0) of patients admitted to ICU. Ten studies (34.4%) were retrospective, and 20 (68.9%) single-centred. Overall enrolling 1367 subjects, three studies reported normal echocardiographic findings in 49 ± 18% of cases. Seven studies (24.1%) analyzed the association between echocardiographic findings and mortality, mostly related to right ventricular (RV) dysfunction.</AbstractText>Data regarding the use of echocardiography on hospitalized, predominantly ICU, COVID-19 patients were retrieved from studies with heterogeneous designs, variable sample sizes, and severity scores. Normal echocardiographic findings were reported in about 50% of subjects, with LVEF usually not affected. Overall, RV dysfunction seems more likely associated with increased mortality.</AbstractText>CRD42020218439.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,331,538 | Longitudinal CSF Iron Pathway Proteins in Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus: Associations with Ventricle Size and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes. | Iron has been implicated in the pathogenesis of brain injury and hydrocephalus after preterm germinal matrix hemorrhage-intraventricular hemorrhage, however, it is unknown how external or endogenous intraventricular clearance of iron pathway proteins affect the outcome in this group.</AbstractText>This prospective multicenter cohort included patients with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) who underwent (1) temporary and permanent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion and (2) Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III testing around 2 years of age. CSF proteins in the iron handling pathway were analyzed longitudinally and compared to ventricle size and neurodevelopmental outcomes.</AbstractText>Thirty-seven patients met inclusion criteria with a median estimated gestational age at birth of 25 weeks; 65% were boys. Ventricular CSF levels of hemoglobin, iron, total bilirubin, and ferritin decreased between temporary and permanent CSF diversion with no change in CSF levels of ceruloplasmin, transferrin, haptoglobin, and hepcidin. There was an increase in CSF hemopexin during this interval. Larger ventricle size at permanent CSF diversion was associated with elevated CSF ferritin (p = 0.015) and decreased CSF hemopexin (p = 0.007). CSF levels of proteins at temporary CSF diversion were not associated with outcome, however, higher CSF transferrin at permanent CSF diversion was associated with improved cognitive outcome (p = 0.015). Importantly, longitudinal change in CSF iron pathway proteins, ferritin (decrease), and transferrin (increase) were associated with improved cognitive (p = 0.04) and motor (p = 0.03) scores and improved cognitive (p = 0.04), language (p = 0.035), and motor (p = 0.008) scores, respectively.</AbstractText>Longitudinal changes in CSF transferrin (increase) and ferritin (decrease) are associated with improved neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonatal PHH, with implications for understanding the pathogenesis of poor outcomes in PHH. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:217-226.</AbstractText>© 2021 American Neurological Association.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,331,539 | Long noncoding RNA ANRIL knockdown attenuates neuroinflammation following ischemic stroke via suppressing the expression of NF-κB in vitro and in vivo. | Increasing evidence suggests that long-noncoding RNAs can exert neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Levels of the long noncoding RNA ANRIL (ANRIL) are reportedly altered in ischemic stroke (IS) patients, but its role in IS requires further clarification. This study was designed to explore the mechanistic function of ANRIL in IS.</AbstractText>In vitro</i>, HT22 cells was treated with an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). In vivo</i>, brain ischemia/reperfusion was induced by 60-minute transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) IS model in C57/BL6 mice. Additionally, cells were transfected with si-ANRIL, pcDNA3.1-ANRIL, pcDNA3.1-NF-κB, or appropriate negative controls, and si-ANRIL and pcDNA3.1-NF-κB were administered into the lateral ventricles in MCAO/R model mice. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected via MTT and flow cytometry assays. mRNA and protein expression of NF-κB were detected via qRT-PCR and Western blotting. IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-a, and iNOS levels were detected via ELISA. In addition, infarcted area and neuronal injury were evaluated via TTC, Nissl, and immunofluorescent staining.</AbstractText>We found that ANRIL knockdown increased cell viability and reduced apoptosis in vitro</i>. Additionally, we found that ANRIL knockdown decreased p-P65, P65, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-a, and iNOS levels, whereas these effects were reversed by NF-κB overexpression both in vitro</i> and in vivo</i>.</AbstractText>our results suggest that ANRIL knockdown attenuates neuroinflammation by suppressing the expression of NF-κB both in vitro</i> and vivo model of IS, sugguesting that ANRIL might be a potentially viable therapeutictarget to diminish neuroinflammation in IS patients.</AbstractText> |
2,331,540 | Magnetic resonance imaging in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. | Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) associated with antibodies to aquaporin-4 (AQP4), which has distinct clinical, radiological and pathological features, but also has some overlap with multiple sclerosis and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody associated disease. Early recognition of NMOSD is important because of differing responses to both acute and preventive therapy. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has proved essential in this process. Key MR imaging clues to the diagnosis of NMOSD are longitudinally extensive lesions of the optic nerve (more than half the length) and spinal cord (three or more vertebral segments), bilateral optic nerve lesions and lesions of the optic chiasm, area postrema, floor of the IV ventricle, periaqueductal grey matter, hypothalamus and walls of the III ventricle. Other NMOSD-specific lesions are denoted by their unique morphology: heterogeneous lesions of the corpus callosum, 'cloud-like' gadolinium (Gd)-enhancing white matter lesions and 'bright spotty' lesions of the spinal cord. Other lesions described in NMOSD, including linear periventricular peri-ependymal lesions and patch subcortical white matter lesions, may be less specific. The use of advanced MR imaging techniques is yielding further useful information regarding focal degeneration of the thalamus and optic radiation in NMOSD and suggests that paramagnetic rim patterns and changes in normal appearing white matter are specific to MS. MR imaging is crucial in the early recognition of NMOSD and in directing testing for AQP4 antibodies and guiding immediate acute treatment decisions. Increasingly, MR imaging is playing a role in diagnosing seronegative cases of NMOSD. |
2,331,541 | A Case Report of Wernicke's Encephalopathy Associated With Schizophrenia. | <b>Introduction:</b> Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a severe neurological syndrome often associated with alcoholism. Clinicians tend to ignore WE in other non-alcoholic clinical settings related to malnutrition and thiamine deficiency, resulting in delayed diagnosis. The diagnosis becomes more difficult when WE is secondary to psychiatric illnesses as symptoms can be masked by the primary disease. <b>Case Presentation:</b> We present a case of a 56-year-old female patient with schizophrenia who was admitted to the hospital for mental and behavioral disorder, without history of alcohol. She presented symptoms of ophthalmoplegia and high muscular tension, and the brain MRI showed symmetric lesions in the bilateral basal ganglia and third ventricle. She responded well to thiamine and was discharged on hospital day 22. <b>Conclusion:</b> The psychiatrists should be on the alert for starvation-induced WE, especially for patients suffering from malnutrition. WE is a preventable and treatable disease, so once suspected of WE, patients ought to take adequate supplements of thiamine immediately. |
2,331,542 | Expedient assessment of post-infarct remodeling by native cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in mice. | Novel therapeutic strategies aiming at improving the healing process after an acute myocardial infarction are currently under intense investigation. The mouse model plays a central role for deciphering the underlying mechanisms on a molecular and cellular level. Therefore, we intended to assess in-vivo post-infarct remodeling as comprehensively as possible using an expedient native magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the two most prominent infarct models, permanent ligation (PL) of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) versus ischemia reperfusion (I/R). Mice were subjected to either permanent or transient (45 min) occlusion of the LAD. After 3 weeks, examinations were performed with a 7-Tesla small animal MRI system. Data analysis was performed with the freely available software Segment. PL resulted in a massive dilation of the left ventricle, accompanied by hypertrophy of the non-infarcted myocardium and a decline of contractile function. These effects were less pronounced following I/R compared to healthy animals. Single plane assessments were not sufficient to capture the specific differences of left ventricular (LV) properties between the two infarct models. Bulls-eye plots were found to be an ideal tool for qualitative LV wall assessment, whereas a multi-slice sector-based analysis of wall regions is ideal to determine differences in hypertrophy, lateral wall thinning and wall thickening on a quantitative level. We combine the use of polar map-based analysis of LV wall properties with volumetric measurements using simple CINE CMR imaging. Our strategy represents a versatile and easily available tool for serial assessment of the LV during the remodeling process. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the effects of novel therapies targeting the healing of damaged myocardium. |
2,331,543 | Longitudinal change in ventricular volume is accelerated in astronauts undergoing long-duration spaceflight. | An 11-25% increase in total ventricular volume has been documented in astronauts following spaceflight on the ISS. Given the approximately 2-year time interval between pre- and post-flight MRI, it is unknown if ventricular enlargement simply reflects normal aging or is unique to spaceflight exposure. Therefore, we compared percent ventricular volume change per year (PVVC/yr) documented on pre- to post-flight MRI in a group of NASA ISS astronauts (n = 18, 16.7% women, mean age (SD) 48.43 (4.35) years) with two groups who underwent longitudinal MRI: (1.) healthy age- and sex-matched adults (n = 18, 16.7% women, mean age (SD) 51.26 (3.88) years), and (2.) healthy older adults (n = 79, 16.5% women, mean age (SD) 73.26 (5.34) years). The astronauts, who underwent a mean (SD) 173.4 (51.3) days in spaceflight, showed a greater increase in PVVC/yr than the control (6.86 vs 2.23%, respectively, p</i> < .001) and older adult (4.18%, p</i> = 0.04) groups. These results highlight that on top of physiologically ventricular volume changes due to normal aging, NASA astronauts undergoing ISS missions experience an additional 4.63% PVVC/yr and underscore the need to perform post-flight follow-up scans to determine the time course of PVVC in astronauts over time back on Earth along with monitoring to determine if the PVVC is ultimately clinically relevant.</AbstractText>NASA astronauts who were exposed to prolonged spaceflight experienced an annual rate of ventricular expansion more than three times that expected from normal aging.</AbstractText>© 2021 The Author(s).</CopyrightInformation> |
2,331,544 | GPER1 Modulates Synaptic Plasticity During the Development of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Rats. | G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) is a novel type of estrogen receptor. Several studies have shown that it has an anti-inflammatory action,which plays an important role in remyelination and cognitive ability adjustment. However, whether it is involved in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is still unknown. The present study established a TLE model by intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride (3 mmol/kg) and pilocarpine (50 mg/kg) in rats to study the effect of GPER1 in the synaptic plasticity during the development of temporal lobe epilepsy. A microinjection cannula was implanted into the lateral ventricle region of rats via a stereotaxic instrument. G-1 is the specific GPER1 agonist and G15 is the specific GPER1 antagonist. The G1 or G15 and Dimethyl sulfoxide were injected into the rat brains in the intervention groups and control group, respectively. After G1 intervention, the learning and memory abilities and hippocampal neuron damage in epileptic rats were significantly improved, while G15 weakened the neuroprotective effect of GPER1. Meanwhile, G1 controlled the abnormal formation of hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting caused by seizures, and participated in the regulation of synaptic plasticity by reducing the expression of Synapsin I and increasing the expression of gephyrin. Inhibitory synapse gephyrin may play a significant role in synaptic plasticity. |
2,331,545 | CSF shunting in myelomeningocele-related hydrocephalus and the role of prenatal imaging. | Hydrocephalus is commonly associated with myelomeningocele (MMC). Indication and timing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting are still a topic of discussion. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the analysis of prenatal cerebral imaging studies could provide information that is predictive of the necessity of CSF shunting in the postnatal period.</AbstractText>Among 73 infants operated on because of MMC between January 2003 and June 2020, 50 had undergone prenatal and postnatal MRI studies and were considered for analysis. For each patient, frontal horn width, atrial ventricle diameter, third ventricle diameter, and subarachnoid spaces (sinocortical width, craniocortical width, and the interhemispheric width) have been measured on prenatal, postnatal, and a follow-up MRI study. The need of CSF shunting device placement in relation to prenatal and early postnatal MRI data was investigated.</AbstractText>Of the 50 infants, 31 (62%) developed a progressive hydrocephalus. Of these, 30 needed a CSF shunt and the majority of them (n=29) was operated on within 28 days after birth. One patient needed CSF shunt implantation at 45 days after birth and one child developed a late progressive hydrocephalus, successfully treated by ETV alone, at 14.2 months of age. All patients with an atrial ventricle diameter greater than 1.9 cm and a 3rd ventricle diameter larger than 0.3 cm on antenatal third trimester imaging have undergone CSF shunting within 1 month after birth. Conversely, all the children that did not undergo a CSF shunt placement showed an atrial cerebral ventricle diameter inferior to 1.2 cm and a 3rd ventricle width < 0.3 cm on antenatal imaging. Frontal horn width and subarachnoid CSF spaces' evolution did not seem to play a role.</AbstractText>The prenatal MRI assessment of the associated prenatal ventriculomegaly in MMC provides parameters that have a predictive value heralding the probability of a CSF diversion procedure after birth. In the same way, the analysis of intrauterine MRI studies may identify those subjects that are less at risk of developing a progressive hydrocephalus after birth, therefore encouraging a more cautious attitude towards the early implantation of CSF shunting devices in the current clinical practice.</AbstractText>© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,331,546 | Global and Regional Test-Retest Reproducibility of Native T1 and T2 Mapping in Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging. | Mapping of T1 and T2 relaxation times in cardiac MRI is an invaluable tool for the diagnosis and risk stratification of a wide spectrum of cardiac diseases.</AbstractText>To investigate the global and regional reproducibility of native T1 and T2 mapping and to analyze the influence of demographic factors, physiological parameters, slice position, and myocardial regions on reproducibility.</AbstractText>Prospective single-center cohort-study.</AbstractText>Fifty healthy volunteers (29 female, 21 male) with a mean age of 39.4 ± 13.7 years.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE">Each volunteer was investigated twice at 1.5 T using a modified look-locker inversion-recovery (MOLLI) sequence (T1 mapping) and a T2-prepared steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequence (T2 mapping).</AbstractText>Global T1 and T2 values were quantified for the entire left ventricle in three short-axis slices. Regional T1 and T2 values were measured for each myocardial segment and for myocardial segments grouped by slice position and anatomical region.</AbstractText>Test-retest reproducibility was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman statistics. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</AbstractText>Reproducibility was good for global T1 values (ICC 0.88) and excellent for global T2 values (ICC 0.91). Reproducibility of T1 values was excellent (ICC 0.91) for midventricular slice and good for apical (ICC 0.86) and basal slice (ICC 0.81). Reproducibility of T1 mapping values was highest in the septum (ICC 0.90) compared to the anterior (0.81), lateral (0.86), and inferior (0.86) wall. For T2 mapping, reproducibility was good for all slice positions (ICC 0.86 for midventricular, 0.83 for basal, and 0.80 for apical slice). Reproducibility of T2 mapping was significantly lower for the inferior wall (ICC 0.58) than for septum (0.89), anterior (0.85), and lateral (0.87) wall.</AbstractText>Native T1 and T2 mapping has good to excellent reproducibility with significant regional differences.</AbstractText>2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.</AbstractText>© 2021 The Authors. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,331,547 | Prenatal intracranial hypotension syndrome: new insights into the mechanisms of fenestration of septi pellucidi and ventriculomegaly in fetuses with open spinal dysraphism. | To study the prevalence of abnormalities of the septi pellucidi (SP) in a cohort of fetuses with open spinal dysraphism (OSD) and to determine whether this condition is secondary to obstructive ventriculomegaly and, therefore, part of the natural history of prenatal intracranial hypotension (PICH) syndrome.</AbstractText>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies from fetuses with OSD were analyzed. The SP were assessed using axial and coronal T2-weighted images of the fetal brain and classified as intact, partially absent, or completely absent. Additionally, the correlation between the presence or absence of the SP and the size of the lateral ventricles, degree of cerebellar tonsillar herniation, collapse of the fourth ventricle, and interpeduncular angle was investigated.</AbstractText>A total of 32 fetuses with OSD were studied. Mean gestational age at the time of the fetal MRI was 25.5 ± 3.9 weeks (range, 19-35) and mean ventricular size was 16.2 ± 4.2 mm (range, 8-26). Twenty-three (71.9%) fetuses had cerebellar tonsillar herniation. The IPA was completely collapsed in 23 cases (71.9%), reduced in seven (21.9%), and unreadable in two (6.3%). Twenty (62.5%) fetuses presented with intact SP, 10 (31.3%) with partially absent SP (incomplete fenestration), and two (6.3%) with completely absent SP (complete fenestration). Fenestration of the SP correlated significantly with the degree of ventriculomegaly (Pearson's correlation coefficient =0.459; p</i> = .01). However, there was no correlation with the IPA, collapse of the fourth ventricle, and cerebellar tonsillar herniation.</AbstractText>More than one-third of the fetuses with OSD had fenestration of the SP. The most probable etiology is increased intraventricular pressure leading to local necrosis of the SP. As fenestration of the SP is a secondary event associated with PICH syndrome, this condition should not be considered a contraindication for intrauterine repair of the spinal defect. Instead, it should be seen as an indicator of the severity of the intraventricular pressure.</AbstractText> |
2,331,548 | Central Administration of Ampelopsin A Isolated from <i>Vitis vinifera</i> Ameliorates Cognitive and Memory Function in a Scopolamine-Induced Dementia Model. | Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive degeneration of the function of the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system and the decline of cognition and memory abilities. The dysfunctions of the cognitive and memory battery are closely related to inhibitions of neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and brain-derived cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) to associate with the cholinergic system and long-term potentiation. <i>Vitis vinifera</i>, the common grapevine, is viewed as the important dietary source of stilbenoids, particularly the widely-studied monomeric resveratrol to be used as a natural compound with wide-ranging therapeutic benefits on neurodegenerative diseases. Here we found that ampelopsin A is a major compound in <i>V. vinifera</i> and it has neuroprotective effects on experimental animals. Bath application of ampelopsin A (10 ng/µL) restores the long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment induced by scopolamine (100 μM) in hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses. Based on these results, we administered the ampelopsin A (10 ng/µL, three times a week) into the third ventricle of the brain in C57BL/6 mice for a month. Chronic administration of ampelopsin A into the brain ameliorated cognitive memory-behaviors in mice given scopolamine (0.8 mg/kg, i.p.). Studies of mice's hippocampi showed that the response of ampelopsin A was responsible for the restoration of the cholinergic deficits and molecular signal cascades via BDNF/CREB pathways. In conclusion, the central administration of ampelopsin A contributes to increasing neurocognitive and neuroprotective effects on intrinsic neuronal excitability and behaviors, partly through elevated BDNF/CREB-related signaling. |
2,331,549 | Prognostic Value of Echocardiographic Right Ventricular Function Parameters in the Presence of Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation. | Presence of severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) has a significant impact on assessment of right ventricular function (RVF) in transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). High trans-valvular pendulous volume leads to backward-unloading of the right ventricle. Consequently, established cut-offs for normal systolic performance may overestimate true systolic RVF.</AbstractText>A retrospective analysis was performed entailing all patients who underwent TTE at our institution between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2016. Only patients with normal left ventricular systolic function and with no other valvular lesion were included. All recorded loops were re-read by one experienced examiner. Patients without severe TR (defined as vena contracta width ≥7 mm) were excluded. All-cause 2-year mortality was chosen as the end-point. The prognostic value of several RVF parameters was tested.</AbstractText>The final cohort consisted of 220 patients, 88/220 (40%) were male. Median age was 69 years (IQR 52-79), all-cause two-year mortality was 29%, median TAPSE was 19 mm (15-22) and median FAC was 42% (30-52). In multivariate analysis, TAPSE with the cutoff 17 mm and FAC with the cutoff 35% revealed non-significant hazard ratios (HR) of 0.75 (95%CI 0.396-1.421, p</i> = 0.38) and 0.845 (95%CI 0.383-1.867, p</i> = 0.68), respectively. TAPSE with the cutoff 19 mm and visual eyeballing significantly predicted survival with HRs of 0.512 (95%CI 0.296-0.886, p</i> = 0.017) and 1.631 (95%CI 1.101-2.416, p</i> = 0.015), respectively.</AbstractText>This large-scale all-comer study confirms that RVF is one of the main drivers of mortality in patients with severe isolated TR. However, the current cut-offs for established echocardiographic parameters did not predict survival. Further studies should investigate the prognostic value of higher thresholds for RVF parameters in these patients.</AbstractText> |
2,331,550 | Restoration of Vitamin D Levels Improves Endothelial Function and Increases TASK-Like K<sup>+</sup> Currents in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency. | <b>Background:</b> Vitamin D (vitD) deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Moreover, PAH-patients with lower levels of vitD have worse prognosis. We hypothesize that recovering optimal levels of vitD in an animal model of PAH previously depleted of vitD improves the hemodynamics, the endothelial dysfunction and the ionic remodeling. <b>Methods:</b> Male Wistar rats were fed a vitD-free diet for five weeks and then received a single dose of Su5416 (20 mg/Kg) and were exposed to vitD-free diet and chronic hypoxia (10% O<sub>2</sub>) for three weeks to induce PAH. Following this, vitD deficient rats with PAH were housed in room air and randomly divided into two groups: (a) continued on vitD-free diet or (b) received an oral dose of 100,000 IU/Kg of vitD plus standard diet for three weeks. Hemodynamics, pulmonary vascular remodeling, pulmonary arterial contractility, and K<sup>+</sup> currents were analyzed. <b>Results:</b> Recovering optimal levels of vitD improved endothelial function, measured by an increase in the endothelium-dependent vasodilator response to acetylcholine. It also increased the activity of TASK-1 potassium channels. However, vitD supplementation did not reduce pulmonary pressure and did not ameliorate pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricle hypertrophy. <b>Conclusions:</b> Altogether, these data suggest that in animals with PAH and severe deficit of vitD, restoring vitD levels to an optimal range partially improves some pathophysiological features of PAH. |
2,331,551 | A Convolutional Neural Network Combining Discriminative Dictionary Learning and Sequence Tracking for Left Ventricular Detection. | Cardiac MRI left ventricular (LV) detection is frequently employed to assist cardiac registration or segmentation in computer-aided diagnosis of heart diseases. Focusing on the challenging problems in LV detection, such as the large span and varying size of LV areas in MRI, as well as the heterogeneous myocardial and blood pool parts in LV areas, a convolutional neural network (CNN) detection method combining discriminative dictionary learning and sequence tracking is proposed in this paper. To efficiently represent the different sub-objects in LV area, the method deploys discriminant dictionary to classify the superpixel oversegmented regions, then the target LV region is constructed by label merging and multi-scale adaptive anchors are generated in the target region for handling the varying sizes. Combining with non-differential anchors in regional proposal network, the left ventricle object is localized by the CNN based regression and classification strategy. In order to solve the problem of slow classification speed of discriminative dictionary, a fast generation module of left ventricular scale adaptive anchors based on sequence tracking is also proposed on the same individual. The method and its variants were tested on the heart atlas data set. Experimental results verified the effectiveness of the proposed method and according to some evaluation indicators, it obtained 92.95% in AP50 metric and it was the most competitive result compared to typical related methods. The combination of discriminative dictionary learning and scale adaptive anchor improves adaptability of the proposed algorithm to the varying left ventricular areas. This study would be beneficial in some cardiac image processing such as region-of-interest cropping and left ventricle volume measurement. |
2,331,552 | The Potential Roles of Blood-Brain Barrier and Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier in Maintaining Brain Manganese Homeostasis. | Manganese (Mn) is a trace nutrient necessary for life but becomes neurotoxic at high concentrations in the brain. The brain is a "privileged" organ that is separated from systemic blood circulation mainly by two barriers. Endothelial cells within the brain form tight junctions and act as the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which physically separates circulating blood from the brain parenchyma. Between the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the choroid plexus (CP), which is a tissue that acts as the blood-CSF barrier (BCB). Pharmaceuticals, proteins, and metals in the systemic circulation are unable to reach the brain and spinal cord unless transported through either of the two brain barriers. The BBB and the BCB consist of tightly connected cells that fulfill the critical role of neuroprotection and control the exchange of materials between the brain environment and blood circulation. Many recent publications provide insights into Mn transport in vivo or in cell models. In this review, we will focus on the current research regarding Mn metabolism in the brain and discuss the potential roles of the BBB and BCB in maintaining brain Mn homeostasis. |
2,331,553 | Atovaquone Suppresses the Growth of Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Tumors in Lungs and Brain by Inhibiting Integrin/FAK Signaling Axis. | Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is considered to be the most aggressive and malignant neoplasm and is highly metastatic in nature. In the current study, we investigated the anti-metastatic potential of atovaquone, a protozoal drug prescribed for Pneumocystis pneumonia. We showed that atovaquone induced apoptosis and reduced the survival of several aggressive metastatic TNBC cell lines including metastatic patient-derived cells by reducing the expression of integrin α6, integrin β4, FAK, Src, and Vimentin. In order to study the efficacy of atovaquone in suppressing metastasized breast tumor cells in brain and lungs, we performed three in vivo experiments. We demonstrated that oral administration of 50 mg/kg of atovaquone suppressed MDA-MB-231 breast tumor growth by 90% in lungs in an intravenous metastatic tumor model. Anti-metastatic effect of atovaquone was further determined by intracardiac injection of 4T1-luc breast tumor cells into the left ventricle of mouse heart. Our results showed that atovaquone treatment suppressed the growth of metastatic tumors in lungs, liver and brain by 70%, 50% and 30% respectively. In an intracranial model, the growth of HCC1806-luc brain tumors in atovaquone treated mice was about 55% less than that of control. Taken together, our results indicate the anti-metastatic effects of atovaquone in vitro and in vivo in various breast tumor metastasis models. |
2,331,554 | Rosette-Forming Glioneuronal Tumor of the Fourth Ventricle: A Case of Relapse Treated with Proton Beam Therapy. | Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumors (RGNTs) are rare, grade I, central nervous system (CNS) tumors typically localized to the fourth ventricle. We describe a 9-year-old girl with dizziness and occipital headache. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large hypodense posterior fossa mass lesion in relation to the vermis, with cystic component. Surgical resection of the tumor was performed. A RGNT diagnosis was made at the histopathological examination. During follow-up, the patient experienced a first relapse, which was again surgically removed. Eight months after, MRI documented a second recurrence at the local level. She was a candidate for the proton beam therapy (PBT) program. Three years after the end of PBT, the patient had no evidence of disease recurrence. This report underlines that, although RGNTs are commonly associated with an indolent course, they may have the potential for aggressive behavior, suggesting the need for treatment in addition to surgery. Controversy exists in the literature regarding effective management of RGNTs. Chemotherapy and radiation are used as adjuvant therapy, but their efficacy management has not been adequately described in the literature. This is the first case report published in which PBT was proposed for adjuvant therapy in place of chemotherapy in RGNT relapse. |
2,331,555 | <i>In Vivo</i> Expression of Reprogramming Factor OCT4 Ameliorates Myelination Deficits and Induces Striatal Neuroprotection in Huntington's Disease. | White matter atrophy has been shown to precede the massive loss of striatal GABAergic neurons in Huntington's disease (HD). This study investigated the effects of <i>in vivo</i> expression of reprogramming factor octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) on neural stem cell (NSC) niche activation in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and induction of cell fate specific to the microenvironment of HD. R6/2 mice randomly received adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-OCT4, AAV9-Null, or phosphate-buffered saline into both lateral ventricles at 4 weeks of age. The AAV9-OCT4 group displayed significantly improved behavioral performance compared to the control groups. Following AAV9-OCT4 treatment, the number of newly generated NSCs and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) significantly increased in the SVZ, and the expression of OPC-related genes and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) significantly increased. Further, amelioration of myelination deficits in the corpus callosum was observed through electron microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging, and striatal DARPP32<sup>+</sup> GABAergic neurons significantly increased in the AAV9-OCT4 group. These results suggest that <i>in situ</i> expression of the reprogramming factor OCT4 in the SVZ induces OPC proliferation, thereby attenuating myelination deficits. Particularly, GDNF released by OPCs seems to induce striatal neuroprotection in HD, which explains the behavioral improvement in R6/2 mice overexpressing OCT4. |
2,331,556 | Poly(ethylene glycol)-Alendronate-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles Do Not Alter Cardiovascular Functions and Red Blood Cells' Properties in Hypertensive Rats. | In this study, magnetite nanoparticles were prepared and coated with poly(ethylene glycol) terminated by alendronate to ensure firm binding to the iron oxide surface. Magnetic nanoparticles, designated as magnetite coated with poly(ethylene glycol)-alendronate (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@PEG-Ale), were characterized in terms of number-average (<i>D</i><sub>n</sub>) and hydrodynamic (<i>D</i><sub>h</sub>) size, ζ-potential, saturation magnetization, and composition. The effect of particles on blood pressure, vascular functions, nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide production in the tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rats, as well as the effect on red blood cell (RBC) parameters, was investigated after intravenous administration (1 mg Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/kg of body weight). Results showed that Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@PEG-Ale particles did negatively affect blood pressure, heart rate and RBC deformability, osmotic resistance and NO production. In addition, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@PEG-Ale did not alter functions of the femoral arteries. Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@PEG-Ale induced increase in superoxide production in the kidney and spleen, but not in the left heart ventricle, aorta and liver. NO production was reduced only in the kidney. In conclusion, the results suggest that acute intravenous administration of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@PEG-Ale did not produce negative effects on blood pressure regulation, vascular function, and RBCs in hypertensive rats. |
2,331,557 | Left Ventricle Phenotyping Utilizing Tissue Doppler Imaging in Premature Infants with Varying Severity of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. | Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is characterized by alveolar-capillary simplification and is associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH) in preterm infants. The contribution of left ventricle (LV) disease towards this severe BPD-PH phenotype is not well established. We aimed to describe the longitudinal trajectory of the LV function as measured by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and its association with BPD-PH. We retrospectively assessed prospectively acquired clinical and echocardiographic data from 77 preterm infants born between 2011 and 2013. We characterized the LV function by measuring systolic and diastolic myocardial velocities (s', e', a'), isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT), and myocardial performance index with TDI at three time periods from 32 and 36 weeks, postmenstrual age through one year of age. We also measured post systolic motion (PSM), a marker of myocardial dysfunction that results from asynchronous movement of the ventricular walls, and not previously described in preterm infants. Patients were stratified into groups according to BPD severity and the presence of PH and compared over time. Conventional TDI measures of the LV function were similar between groups, but the septal PSM was significantly prolonged over the first year of age in patients with BPD-PH. PSM provides a novel objective way to assess the hemodynamic impact of lung and pulmonary vascular disease severity on LV function in preterm infants with BPD and PH. |
2,331,558 | High Right Ventricular Afterload during Exercise in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. | The right ventricle (RV) is more sensitive to an increase in afterload than the left ventricle (LV), and RV afterload during exercise increases more easily than LV afterload. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)-specific therapy has improved pulmonary hemodynamics at rest; however, the pulmonary hemodynamic response to exercise is still abnormal in most patients with PAH. In these patients, RV afterload during exercise could be higher, resulting in a greater increase in RV wall stress. Recently, an increasing number of studies have indicated the short-term efficacy of exercise training. However, considering the potential risk of promoting myocardial maladaptive remodeling, even low-intensity repetitive exercise training could lead to long-term clinical deterioration. Further studies investigating the long-term effects on the RV and pulmonary vasculature are warranted. Although the indications for exercise training for patients with PAH have been expanding, exercise training may be associated with various risks. Training programs along with risk stratification based on the pulmonary hemodynamic response to exercise may enhance the safety of patients with PAH. |
2,331,559 | Modeling Left Ventricle Perfusion in Healthy and Stenotic Conditions. | A theoretical fluid mechanical model is proposed for the investigation of myocardial perfusion in healthy and stenotic conditions. The model hinges on Terzaghi's consolidation theory and reformulates the related unsteady flow equation for the simulation of the swelling-drainage alternation characterizing the diastolic-systolic phases. When compared with the outcome of experimental in vivo observations in terms of left ventricle transmural perfusion ratio (T.P.R.), the analytical solution provided by the present study for the time-dependent blood pressure and flow rate across the ventricle wall proves to consistently reproduce the basic mechanisms of both healthy and ischemic perfusion. Therefore, it could constitute a useful interpretative support to improve the comprehension of the basic hemodynamic mechanisms leading to the most common cardiac diseases. Additionally, it could represent the mathematical basis for the application of inverse methods aimed at estimating the characteristic parameters of ischemic perfusion (i.e., location and severity of coronary stenoses) via downstream ventricular measurements, possibly inspiring their assessment via non-invasive myocardial imaging techniques. |
2,331,560 | A Systematic Review of Methodology Used in Studies Aimed at Creating Charts of Fetal Brain Structures. | Ultrasound-based assessment of the fetal nervous system is routinely recommended at the time of the mid-trimester anatomy scan or at different gestations based on clinical indications. This review evaluates the methodological quality of studies aimed at creating charts for fetal brain structures obtained by ultrasound, as poor methodology could explain substantial variability in percentiles reported. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) were searched from January 1970 to January 2021 to select studies on singleton fetuses, where the main aim was to construct charts on one or more clinically relevant structures obtained in the axial plane: parieto-occipital fissure, Sylvian fissure, anterior ventricle, posterior ventricle, transcerebellar diameter, and cisterna magna. Studies were scored against 29 predefined methodological quality criteria to identify the risk of bias. In total, 42 studies met the inclusion criteria, providing data for 45,626 fetuses. Substantial heterogeneity was identified in the methodological quality of included studies, and this may explain the high variability in centiles reported. In 80% of the studies, a high risk of bias was found in more than 50% of the domains scored. In conclusion, charts to be used in clinical practice and research should have an optimal study design in order to minimise the risk of bias and to allow comparison between different studies. We propose to use charts from studies with the highest methodological quality. |
2,331,561 | CNN-Based Cardiac Motion Extraction to Generate Deformable Geometric Left Ventricle Myocardial Models from Cine MRI. | Patient-specific left ventricle (LV) myocardial models have the potential to be used in a variety of clinical scenarios for improved diagnosis and treatment plans. Cine cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) imaging provides high resolution images to reconstruct patient-specific geometric models of the LV myocardium. With the advent of deep learning, accurate segmentation of cardiac chambers from cine cardiac MR images and unsupervised learning for image registration for cardiac motion estimation on a large number of image datasets is attainable. Here, we propose a deep leaning-based framework for the development of patient-specific geometric models of LV myocardium from cine cardiac MR images, using the Automated Cardiac Diagnosis Challenge (ACDC) dataset. We use the deformation field estimated from the VoxelMorph-based convolutional neural network (CNN) to propagate the isosurface mesh and volume mesh of the end-diastole (ED) frame to the subsequent frames of the cardiac cycle. We assess the CNN-based propagated models against segmented models at each cardiac phase, as well as models propagated using another traditional nonrigid image registration technique. Additionally, we generate dynamic LV myocardial volume meshes at all phases of the cardiac cycle using the log barrier-based mesh warping (LBWARP) method and compare them with the CNN-propagated volume meshes. |
2,331,562 | Sex steroids-induced neurogenesis in adult brain: a better look at mechanisms and mediators. | Adult neurogenesis is the production of new nerve cells in the adult brain. Neurogenesis is a clear example of the neuroplasticity phenomenon which can be observed in most of mammalian species, including human beings. This phenomenon occurs, at least, in two regions of the brain: the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in hippocampus and the ventricular zone of lateral ventricles. Numerous studies have investigated the relationship between sex steroid hormones and neurogenesis of adult brain; of which, mostly concentrated on the role of estradiol. It has been shown that estrogen plays a significant role in this process through both classic and non-classic mechanisms, including a variety of different growth factors. Therefore, the objective of this review is to investigate the role of female sex steroids with an emphasis on estradiol and also its potential implications for regulating the neurogenesis in the adult brain. |
2,331,563 | Cystoventricular Drainage of Intracranial Arachnoid Cysts in Adults. | Intracranial arachnoid cysts (ACs) are generally benign fluid-filled cysts with a prevalence of 0.5%-2.7%. They can be treated through craniotomy with cyst removal, endoscopic fenestration, or cystoperitoneal or ventriculoperitoneal shunting. However, the outcome of these treatments has not been completely satisfactory. Cystoventricular shunting was described as an alternative method for the treatment of intracranial ACs in children in 2003. In the present report, we have described the outcomes of cystoventricular shunting in adults with symptomatic intracranial ACs.</AbstractText>A total of 24 patients with symptomatic ACs underwent cystoventricular drainage from 2012 to 2019. The most common symptom preoperatively was headache, followed by dysphasia, motor weakness, memory loss, seizures, and balance disturbances. After radiological evaluation, a ventricular catheter was placed in the AC and another in one of the lateral ventricles and connected extracranially after subgaleal tunneling using a straight metal connector.</AbstractText>At 3-6 months of postoperative follow-up, 21% of patients were asymptomatic and 42% showed improvement in clinical symptoms. No patient had experienced impairment or progression of symptoms postoperatively. Three patients had required revision of the catheters and one patient had developed a postoperative superficial skin infection without signs of deeper infection.</AbstractText>Cystoventricular drainage seems to be an effective, reliable, and safe procedure to treat intracranial ACs when fenestration to the basal cisterns is not possible.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,331,564 | Interventricular systolic asynchrony predicts prognosis in patients with systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension.<Pagination><StartPage>983</StartPage><EndPage>991</EndPage><MedlinePgn>983-991</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1093/rheumatology/keab465</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVE">Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a serious complication of SSc with high mortality. Interventricular systolic asynchrony (IVSA) is observed in PAH patients, but the effect of IVSA and its association with long-term mortality and clinical events in SSc-associated PAH are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of IVSA on the prognosis of SSc-associated PAH.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS">Between March 2010 and July 2018, a total of 60 consecutive patients with SSc-associated PAH were enrolled. The end point was a composite of all-cause mortality and clinical worsening. Asynchrony was assessed by colour-coded tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) echocardiography. The myocardial sustained systole curves (Sm) of the basal portion of the right ventricular (RV) free wall and left ventricular (LV) lateral wall were obtained. IVSA was defined as the time difference from the onset of the QRS complex to the end of Sm between LV and RV.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS">Patients with greater IVSA time differences presented with advanced pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). The IVSA time difference was an independent predictive factor (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.018, 95% CI: 1.005, 1.031, P =0.005) for the composite end point and was significantly associated with PVR (r = 0.399, R2=0.092, P =0.002). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients with greater IVSA had worse prognoses (log-rank P =0.001).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION">In conclusion, IVSA analysed by colour-coded TDI echocardiography provided added value as a noninvasive, easy-to-use approach for assessing the prognosis of patients with SSc-associated PAH. A significant IVSA time difference identifies the subgroup of patients at high risk of a poor prognosis.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lai</LastName><ForeName>Jinzhi</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Guo</LastName><ForeName>Xiaoxiao</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhao</LastName><ForeName>Jiuliang</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Hui</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tian</LastName><ForeName>Zhuang</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Qian</ForeName><Initials>Q</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Mengtao</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-4252-2889</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fang</LastName><ForeName>Quan</ForeName><Initials>Q</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fang</LastName><ForeName>Ligang</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Yongtai</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zeng</LastName><ForeName>Xiaofeng</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Rheumatology (Oxford)</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>100883501</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1462-0324</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D010446">Peptide Fragments</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C109794">pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76)</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>114471-18-0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D020097">Natriuretic Peptide, Brain</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018618" MajorTopicYN="N">Echocardiography, Doppler, Color</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005500" MajorTopicYN="N">Follow-Up Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006352" MajorTopicYN="N">Heart Ventricles</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="Y">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000503" MajorTopicYN="N">physiopathology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006976" MajorTopicYN="N">Hypertension, Pulmonary</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000401" MajorTopicYN="Y">mortality</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D020097" MajorTopicYN="N">Natriuretic Peptide, Brain</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="N">blood</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010446" MajorTopicYN="N">Peptide Fragments</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="N">blood</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011379" MajorTopicYN="N">Prognosis</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012595" MajorTopicYN="N">Scleroderma, Systemic</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000401" MajorTopicYN="Y">mortality</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013599" MajorTopicYN="N">Systole</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="Y">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014655" MajorTopicYN="N">Vascular Resistance</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="N">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">echocardiography</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">interventricular systolic asynchrony</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">pulmonary arterial hypertension</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">systemic sclerosis</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2021</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>12</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2021</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>19</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2021</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>1</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2022</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>15</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2021</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>31</Day><Hour>12</Hour><Minute>51</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">34057459</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1093/rheumatology/keab465</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">6290000</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM" IndexingMethod="Curated"><PMID Version="1">34057452</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2021</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>04</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>04</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1940-087X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Issue>171</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>May</Month><Day>11</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Vis Exp</ISOAbbreviation></Journal>Measuring Cardiac Output in a Swine Model.<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3791/62333</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Swine are frequently used in medical research given their similar cardiac physiology to that of humans. Measuring cardiac parameters such as stroke volume and cardiac output are essential in this type of research. Contrast ventriculography, thermodilution, and pressure-volume loop (PV-loop) catheters can be used to accurately obtain cardiac performance data depending on which resources and expertise are available. For this study,five Yorkshire swine were anesthetized and intubated. Central venous and arterial access was obtained to place the necessary measurement instruments.A temperature probe was placed in the aortic root. A cold saline bolus was delivered to the right atrium and temperature deflection curve was recorded. Integration of the area under the curve allowed for the calculation of the current cardiac output.A pigtail catheter was percutaneously placed in the left ventricle and 30 mL of iodinated contrast was power injected over 2 seconds. Digital subtraction angiography images were uploaded to volumetric analysis software to calculate the stroke volume and cardiac output. A pressure volume-loop catheter was placed into the left ventricle (LV) and provided continuous pressure and volume data of the LV, which allowed the calculation of both stroke volume and cardiac output.All three methods demonstrated good correlation with each other. The PV-loop catheter and thermodilution exhibited the best correlation with a 3% error and a Pearson coefficient of 0.99, with 95% CI=0.97 to 1.1, (p=0.002). The PV-loop catheter against ventriculography also showed good correlation with a 6% error and a Pearson coefficient of 0.95, 95% CI=0.96 to 1.1 (p=0.01). Finally, thermodilution against ventriculography had a 2% error with r=0.95, 95% CI=0.93 to 1.11, (p=0.01). In conclusion, we state that the PV-loop catheter, contrast ventriculography, and thermodilution each offer certain advantages depending on the researcher's requirements. Each method is reliable and accurate for measuring various cardiac parameters in swine such as the stroke volume and cardiac output.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Patel</LastName><ForeName>Neerav</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical System; nppatel@som.umaryland.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Abdou</LastName><ForeName>Hossam</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical System.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Edwards</LastName><ForeName>Joseph</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical System.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Elansary</LastName><ForeName>Noha N</ForeName><Initials>NN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical System.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Poe</LastName><ForeName>Kelly</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical System.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Richmond</LastName><ForeName>Michael J</ForeName><Initials>MJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical System.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Madurska</LastName><ForeName>Marta J</ForeName><Initials>MJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical System.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rasmussen</LastName><ForeName>Todd E</ForeName><Initials>TE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Morrison</LastName><ForeName>Jonathan J</ForeName><Initials>JJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical System.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D059040">Video-Audio Media</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2021</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>11</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>J Vis Exp</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101313252</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1940-087X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002302" MajorTopicYN="Y">Cardiac Output</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006321" MajorTopicYN="N">Heart</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006352" MajorTopicYN="Y">Heart Ventricles</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013318" MajorTopicYN="N">Stroke Volume</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013552" MajorTopicYN="N">Swine</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013815" MajorTopicYN="Y">Thermodilution</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2021</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>31</Day><Hour>12</Hour><Minute>51</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2021</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>1</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2021</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>5</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">34057452</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.3791/62333</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM" IndexingMethod="Curated"><PMID Version="1">34057443</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2021</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>04</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>04</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1940-087X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Issue>171</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>May</Month><Day>13</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Vis Exp</ISOAbbreviation></Journal>Modifications of the Langendorff Method for Simultaneous Isolation of Atrial and Ventricular Myocytes from Adult Mice.<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3791/62514</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>A single cardiomyocyte is a vital tool in the cellular and subcellular level studies of cardiac biology and diseases as a fundamental unit of contraction and electrical activity. Hence, isolating viable, high-quality cardiomyocytes from the heart is the initial and most crucial experimental step. Comparing the various protocols for isolating the cardiomyocytes of adult mice, the Langendorff retrograde perfusion is the most successful and reproducible method reported in the literature, especially for isolating ventricular myocytes. However, isolating quality atrial myocytes from the perfused heart remains challenging, and few successful isolation reports are available. Solving this complicated problem is extremely important because apart from ventricular disease, atrial disease accounts for a large part of heart diseases. Therefore, further investigations on the cellular level to reveal the mechanisms are warranted. In this paper, a protocol based on the Langendorff retrograde perfusion method is introduced and some modifications in the depth of aorta cannulation and the steps that may affect the digestion process to isolate atrial and ventricular myocytes were simultaneously made. Moreover, the isolated cardiomyocytes are confirmed to be amenable to patch clamp investigation.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wu</LastName><ForeName>Kui</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Bejing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Lin-Ling</ForeName><Initials>LL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Bejing Chuiyangliu Hospital.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Yu-Kun</ForeName><Initials>YK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Bejing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Peng</LastName><ForeName>Xiao-Dong</ForeName><Initials>XD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Bejing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Meng-Xia</ForeName><Initials>MX</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Bejing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Ke-Sen</ForeName><Initials>KS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Bejing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Xue-Si</ForeName><Initials>XS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Bejing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yang</LastName><ForeName>Jia-Xue</ForeName><Initials>JX</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Bejing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wen</LastName><ForeName>Song-Nan</ForeName><Initials>SN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Bejing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ruan</LastName><ForeName>Yan-Fei</ForeName><Initials>YF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Bejing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Nian</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Bejing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bai</LastName><ForeName>Rong</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Bejing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University; bairong74@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D059040">Video-Audio Media</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2021</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>13</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>J Vis Exp</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101313252</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1940-087X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002469" MajorTopicYN="N">Cell Separation</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006325" MajorTopicYN="Y">Heart Atria</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006352" MajorTopicYN="Y">Heart Ventricles</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051379" MajorTopicYN="N">Mice</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D032383" MajorTopicYN="Y">Myocytes, Cardiac</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010477" MajorTopicYN="N">Perfusion</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2021</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>31</Day><Hour>12</Hour><Minute>51</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2021</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>1</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2021</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>5</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">34057443</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.3791/62514</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM" IndexingMethod="Curated"><PMID Version="1">34057439</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2021</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>04</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2022</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>13</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1940-087X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Issue>171</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>May</Month><Day>16</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Vis Exp</ISOAbbreviation></Journal>Refined CLARITY-Based Tissue Clearing for Three-Dimensional Fibroblast Organization in Healthy and Injured Mouse Hearts. | Swine are frequently used in medical research given their similar cardiac physiology to that of humans. Measuring cardiac parameters such as stroke volume and cardiac output are essential in this type of research. Contrast ventriculography, thermodilution, and pressure-volume loop (PV-loop) catheters can be used to accurately obtain cardiac performance data depending on which resources and expertise are available. For this study,five Yorkshire swine were anesthetized and intubated. Central venous and arterial access was obtained to place the necessary measurement instruments.A temperature probe was placed in the aortic root. A cold saline bolus was delivered to the right atrium and temperature deflection curve was recorded. Integration of the area under the curve allowed for the calculation of the current cardiac output.A pigtail catheter was percutaneously placed in the left ventricle and 30 mL of iodinated contrast was power injected over 2 seconds. Digital subtraction angiography images were uploaded to volumetric analysis software to calculate the stroke volume and cardiac output. A pressure volume-loop catheter was placed into the left ventricle (LV) and provided continuous pressure and volume data of the LV, which allowed the calculation of both stroke volume and cardiac output.All three methods demonstrated good correlation with each other. The PV-loop catheter and thermodilution exhibited the best correlation with a 3% error and a Pearson coefficient of 0.99, with 95% CI=0.97 to 1.1, (p=0.002). The PV-loop catheter against ventriculography also showed good correlation with a 6% error and a Pearson coefficient of 0.95, 95% CI=0.96 to 1.1 (p=0.01). Finally, thermodilution against ventriculography had a 2% error with r=0.95, 95% CI=0.93 to 1.11, (p=0.01). In conclusion, we state that the PV-loop catheter, contrast ventriculography, and thermodilution each offer certain advantages depending on the researcher's requirements. Each method is reliable and accurate for measuring various cardiac parameters in swine such as the stroke volume and cardiac output.</Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Patel</LastName><ForeName>Neerav</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical System; nppatel@som.umaryland.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Abdou</LastName><ForeName>Hossam</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical System.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Edwards</LastName><ForeName>Joseph</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical System.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Elansary</LastName><ForeName>Noha N</ForeName><Initials>NN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical System.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Poe</LastName><ForeName>Kelly</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical System.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Richmond</LastName><ForeName>Michael J</ForeName><Initials>MJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical System.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Madurska</LastName><ForeName>Marta J</ForeName><Initials>MJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical System.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rasmussen</LastName><ForeName>Todd E</ForeName><Initials>TE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Morrison</LastName><ForeName>Jonathan J</ForeName><Initials>JJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical System.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D059040">Video-Audio Media</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2021</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>11</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>J Vis Exp</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101313252</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1940-087X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002302" MajorTopicYN="Y">Cardiac Output</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006321" MajorTopicYN="N">Heart</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006352" MajorTopicYN="Y">Heart Ventricles</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013318" MajorTopicYN="N">Stroke Volume</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013552" MajorTopicYN="N">Swine</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013815" MajorTopicYN="Y">Thermodilution</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2021</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>31</Day><Hour>12</Hour><Minute>51</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2021</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>1</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2021</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>5</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">34057452</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.3791/62333</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM" IndexingMethod="Curated"><PMID Version="1">34057443</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2021</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>04</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>04</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1940-087X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Issue>171</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>May</Month><Day>13</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Vis Exp</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Modifications of the Langendorff Method for Simultaneous Isolation of Atrial and Ventricular Myocytes from Adult Mice.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3791/62514</ELocationID><Abstract>A single cardiomyocyte is a vital tool in the cellular and subcellular level studies of cardiac biology and diseases as a fundamental unit of contraction and electrical activity. Hence, isolating viable, high-quality cardiomyocytes from the heart is the initial and most crucial experimental step. Comparing the various protocols for isolating the cardiomyocytes of adult mice, the Langendorff retrograde perfusion is the most successful and reproducible method reported in the literature, especially for isolating ventricular myocytes. However, isolating quality atrial myocytes from the perfused heart remains challenging, and few successful isolation reports are available. Solving this complicated problem is extremely important because apart from ventricular disease, atrial disease accounts for a large part of heart diseases. Therefore, further investigations on the cellular level to reveal the mechanisms are warranted. In this paper, a protocol based on the Langendorff retrograde perfusion method is introduced and some modifications in the depth of aorta cannulation and the steps that may affect the digestion process to isolate atrial and ventricular myocytes were simultaneously made. Moreover, the isolated cardiomyocytes are confirmed to be amenable to patch clamp investigation.</Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wu</LastName><ForeName>Kui</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Bejing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Lin-Ling</ForeName><Initials>LL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Bejing Chuiyangliu Hospital.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Yu-Kun</ForeName><Initials>YK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Bejing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Peng</LastName><ForeName>Xiao-Dong</ForeName><Initials>XD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Bejing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Meng-Xia</ForeName><Initials>MX</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Bejing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Ke-Sen</ForeName><Initials>KS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Bejing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Xue-Si</ForeName><Initials>XS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Bejing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yang</LastName><ForeName>Jia-Xue</ForeName><Initials>JX</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Bejing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wen</LastName><ForeName>Song-Nan</ForeName><Initials>SN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Bejing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ruan</LastName><ForeName>Yan-Fei</ForeName><Initials>YF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Bejing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Nian</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Bejing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bai</LastName><ForeName>Rong</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiology, Bejing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University; bairong74@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D059040">Video-Audio Media</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2021</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>13</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>J Vis Exp</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101313252</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1940-087X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002469" MajorTopicYN="N">Cell Separation</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006325" MajorTopicYN="Y">Heart Atria</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006352" MajorTopicYN="Y">Heart Ventricles</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051379" MajorTopicYN="N">Mice</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D032383" MajorTopicYN="Y">Myocytes, Cardiac</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010477" MajorTopicYN="N">Perfusion</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2021</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>31</Day><Hour>12</Hour><Minute>51</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2021</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>1</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2021</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>5</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">34057443</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.3791/62514</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM" IndexingMethod="Curated"><PMID Version="1">34057439</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2021</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>04</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2022</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>13</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1940-087X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Issue>171</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>May</Month><Day>16</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Vis Exp</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Refined CLARITY-Based Tissue Clearing for Three-Dimensional Fibroblast Organization in Healthy and Injured Mouse Hearts.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3791/62023</ELocationID><Abstract>Cardiovascular disease is the most prevalent cause of mortality worldwide and is often marked by heightened cardiac fibrosis that can lead to increased ventricular stiffness with altered cardiac function. This increase in cardiac ventricular fibrosis is due to activation of resident fibroblasts, although how these cells operate within the 3-dimensional (3-D) heart, at baseline or after activation, is not well understood. To examine how fibroblasts contribute to heart disease and their dynamics in the 3-D heart, a refined CLARITY-based tissue clearing and imaging method was developed that shows fluorescently labeled cardiac fibroblasts within the entire mouse heart. Tissue resident fibroblasts were genetically labeled using Rosa26-loxP-eGFP florescent reporter mice crossed with the cardiac fibroblast expressing Tcf21-MerCreMer knock-in line. This technique was used to observe fibroblast localization dynamics throughout the entire adult left ventricle in healthy mice and in fibrotic mouse models of heart disease. Interestingly, in one injury model, unique patterns of cardiac fibroblasts were observed in the injured mouse heart that followed bands of wrapped fibers in the contractile direction. In ischemic injury models, fibroblast death occurred, followed by repopulation from the infarct border zone. Collectively, this refined cardiac tissue clarifying technique and digitized imaging system allows for 3-D visualization of cardiac fibroblasts in the heart without the limitations of antibody penetration failure or previous issues surrounding lost fluorescence due to tissue processing. |
2,331,565 | Association of sulfur content in erythrocytes with cardiovascular parameters and blood pressure. | The study aims at assessing the relationship between blood pressure, heart geometry parameters, and the erythrocyte content of sulfur, potassium, chlorine and phosphorus, in a group of patients with ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) below 140 or 90 mm Hg, respectively, who were otherwise healthy and untreated.</AbstractText>The study group consisted of 42 adults recruited in a primary care setting. The individuals were healthy, not undergoing any therapy and free from smoking. For each individual, data were obtained on: average 24-hour SBP and DBP, left ventricle geometry, complete blood count, lipids profile, fibrinogen, hs-CRP and the erythrocyte concentration of sulfur (S), potassium (K), chlorine (Cl) and phosphorus (P).</AbstractText>Multivariate regression analysis showed statistically significant relationships of diastolic posterior wall thickness (PWTd) and relative wall thickness (RWT) with the concentration ratio of sulfur and potassium (S/K) in erythrocytes: PWTd and RWT increase as the S/K ratio increases. Also, SBP was found to be positively correlated with the S/K ratio.</AbstractText>The increase in sulfur content in RBCs could be an indicator of the downregulation of nitric oxide (NO) erythrocyte bioavailability exerted by endogenously produced hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and, in consequence, a marker of the development of hypertension and/or adverse changes in heart geometry.</AbstractText> |
2,331,566 | Effects of Alpha-Synuclein Targeted Antisense Oligonucleotides on Lewy Body-Like Pathology and Behavioral Disturbances Induced by Injections of Pre-Formed Fibrils in the Mouse Motor Cortex. | Alpha-synuclein (αsyn) characterizes neurodegenerative diseases known as synucleinopathies. The phosphorylated form (psyn) is the primary component of protein aggregates known as Lewy bodies (LBs), which are the hallmark of diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Synucleinopathies might spread in a prion-like fashion, leading to a progressive emergence of symptoms over time. αsyn pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) induce LB-like pathology in wild-type (WT) mice, but questions remain about their progressive spread and their associated effects on behavioral performance.</AbstractText>To characterize the behavioral, cognitive, and pathological long-term effects of LB-like pathology induced after bilateral motor cortex PFF injection in WT mice and to assess the ability of mouse αsyn-targeted antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to ameliorate those effects.</AbstractText>We induced LB-like pathology in the motor cortex and connected brain regions of male WT mice using PFFs. Three months post-PFF injection (mpi), we assessed behavioral and cognitive performance. We then delivered a targeted ASO via the ventricle and assessed behavioral and cognitive performance 5 weeks later, followed by pathological analysis.</AbstractText>At 3 and 6 mpi, PFF-injected mice showed mild, progressive behavioral deficits. The ASO reduced total αsyn and psyn protein levels, and LB-like pathology, but was also associated with some deleterious off-target effects not involving lowering of αsyn, such as a decline in body weight and impairments in motor function.</AbstractText>These results increase understanding of the progressive nature of the PFF model and support the therapeutic potential of ASOs, though more investigation into effects of ASO-mediated reduction in αsyn on brain function is needed.</AbstractText> |
2,331,567 | Corrigendum: Inhibition of TGF-β/Smad3 Signaling Disrupts Cardiomyocyte Cell Cycle Progression and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Like Response During Ventricle Regeneration. | [This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.632372.]. |
2,331,568 | Magnetic resonance imaging in schizophrenia: Luxury or necessity? (Review). | Schizophrenia, one of the most common psychiatric disorders, with a worldwide annual incidence rate of approximately 0.3-0.7%, known to affect the population below 25 years of age, is persistent throughout lifetime and includes people from all layers of society. With recent technological progress that allows better imaging techniques, such as the ones provided by computed tomography and particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), research on schizophrenia imaging has grown considerably. The purpose of this review is to establish the importance of using imaging techniques in the early detection of brain abnormalities in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. We reviewed all articles which reported on MRI imaging in schizophrenia. In order to do this, we used the PubMed database, using as search words 'MRI' and 'schizophrenia'. MRI studies of first episode patients and chronic patients, suggest reduction of the whole brain volume. Enlargement of lateral ventricles was described as positive in 15 studies out of 19 and was similar to findings in chronic patients. Moreover, for the first episode patients, all data collected point to important changes in medial temporal lobe structures, diminished hippocampal volume, the whole frontal lobe, asymmetry in prefrontal cortex, diminished volume in cingulate, corpus callosum, and cavum septum pellucidum reported abnormalities. MRI is recommended as an important tool in the follow-up process of patients with schizophrenia. Yet, it is still under debate whether the abnormalities described in this condition are able to be used as diagnostic biomarkers. |
2,331,569 | Molecular Mechanisms of <i>Nigella sativa</i>- and <i>Nigella sativa</i> Exercise-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats. | In our lab, we demonstrated cardiac hypertrophy induced by long-term administration of Nigella sativa</i> (Ns) with enhanced function. Therefore, we aim to investigate the molecular mechanisms of Ns-induced cardiac hypertrophy, compare it with that induced by exercise training, and explore any possible synergistic effect of these two interventions.</AbstractText>Twenty adult Wistar male rats were divided into control (C), Ns-fed (N.s.), exercise-trained (Ex.), Ns-fed exercise-trained (N.s.Ex.) groups. 800 mg/kg of Ns was administered orally to N.s. rats. Ex. rats were trained on a treadmill with speed 18 m/min and grade 32° for two hours daily, and the N.s.Ex. group underwent both interventions. After 8 weeks, Immunohistochemical slides of the left ventricles were prepared using rat growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), angiotensin-II receptors 1 (AT-I), endothelin-I (ET-1), Akt-1, and Erk-1. Cell diameter and number of nuclei were measured.</AbstractText>Cardiomyocyte diameter, number of nuclei, GH, and Akt were significantly higher in N.s, Ex., and N.s.Ex groups compared with the controls. IGF-I, AT-1, and ET-1 were significantly higher in Ex. rats only compared with the controls. Erk-1 was lower in N.s., Ex., and N.s.Ex. compared with the controls.</AbstractText>We can conclude that Ns-induced cardiac hypertrophy is mediated by the GH-IGF I-PI3P-Akt pathway. Supplementation of Ns to exercise training protocol can block the upregulation of AT-I and ET-1. The combined N.s. exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy might be a superior model of physiological cardiac hypertrophy and be used as a prophylactic therapy for athletes who are engaged in vigorous exercise activity.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2021 Lubna Ibrahim Al Asoom.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,331,570 | A Novel Heptapeptide, GPPGPAG Transfers to the Brain, and Ameliorates Memory Dysfunction and Dendritic Atrophy in Alzheimer's Disease Model Mice. | We investigated the effects of a heptapeptide, GPPGPAG, on memory improvement and neuritic regeneration in Alzheimer's disease models to evaluate its potency as a new anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy. The anti-AD effects of GPPGPAG were evaluated in Aβ-treated cortical neurons and 5XFAD, a mouse model of AD. Exposure of cortical neurons to Aβ25-35 for 3 days resulted in atrophy of axons and dendrites. Treatment with GPPGPAG improved the dendritic atrophy of Aβ-treated cortical neurons, but not axonal atrophy. Postsynaptic and presynaptic densities under Aβ1-42 exposure were increased by GPPGPAG post treatment. Oral administration of GPPGPAG to 5XFAD mice for 15 days improved significantly object recognition memory and dendritic density. Direct infusion of GPPGPAG into the lateral ventricle of 5XFAD mice for 28 days improved object recognition memory. Following oral administration of GPPGPAG in mice, the undigested heptapeptide was detected in the plasma and cerebral cortex. Analysis of target protein of GPPGPAG in neurons by DARTS method identified 14-3-3ε as a bound protein. The protective effect of GPPGPAG on Aβ1-42-induced dendritic atrophy was canceled by knockdown of 14-3-3ε. Taken together, these results suggest that GPPGPAG is orally available, transfers to the brain, and ameliorates memory dysfunction in AD brain, which is possibly mediated by 14-3-3ε-related dendritic restoration. |
2,331,571 | Clinical characteristics and neuroimaging findings of seven patients with Dyke Davidoff Masson syndrome. | DDMS is a rare disease diagnosed by clinical and radiological characteristics. But the complexity of radiological and clinical manifestations of DDMS has become a challenge diagnostically. To date, the reported cases with DDMS had highly varied clinical manifestations including seizures, contralateral hemiplegia/hemiparesis, facial asymmetry, mental retardation, etc. In addition to typical clinical findings, some new characteristics have been recently added to the spectrum of DDMS. However, few cases have been reported to be associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms according to the literature. This study aimed to investigate the neuropsychiatric manifestations associated with Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome (DDMS) and related imaging findings.</AbstractText>This study included 7 patients diagnosed with DDMS between 2014 and 2020. The clinical characteristics, neuropsychiatric manifestations, and radiological results were retrospectively evaluated.</AbstractText>Seven patients (five males and two females) with a mean age of 28.0 ± 9.73 (range 15.0-41.0) years were included. Five patients were admitted to the psychiatric unit due to psychological and behavioral disorders. Two patients were referred to the neurology unit mainly due to epilepsy. Six patients had epileptic seizures, 4 had hemiplegia, 3 had mental retardation, 2 patients had external ear deformities, and 2 had facial asymmetry. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were presented in 6 (85.7 %) cases. Cases 2-6 developed affective disorders. Deficits in verbal communication, impairment of social interaction, lack of insight, adulia and hypobulia appeared in cases 1-4. Schizophrenia with apathy, and epileptic schizoid psychosis were observed in cases 4 and 5 respectively. Case 6 had behavioral disorders, hyperactivity, tic disorder, mental retardation, anxiety, catatonic symptoms and suicidal tendency. Case 7 had seizures and mental retardation, and no psychiatric symptoms were presented. Radiological examinations showed unilateral cerebral atrophy, enlarged lateral ventricles, and various compensatory hypertrophy of the skull in all cases. The midline structure has shifted to the affected side in 5(71.4 %) cases. Atrophy of the basal ganglia or brain stem was observed in 4(57.1 %) cases.</AbstractText>The hallmark imaging manifestations of DDMS facilitated the diagnosis in most cases. This study illustrated that a variety of psychoneurotic disorders and ear abnormalities were correlated with DDMS.</AbstractText> |
2,331,572 | Managing Harlequin Syndrome in VA-ECMO - do not forget the right ventricle. | Harlequin Syndrome (also known as North-South Syndrome) is a complication of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) that can occur when left ventricular function starts to recover. While most commonly due to continued impaired gas exchange in the lungs, we present a case caused by right ventricular dysfunction, successfully managed by conversion of the ECMO circuit to a veno-veno-arterial (VV-A) configuration. |
2,331,573 | Treadmill Running Improves Spatial Learning Memory Through Inactivation of Nuclear Factor Kappa B/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway in Amyloid-β-Induced Alzheimer Disease Rats. | Exercise is known to reduce proinflammatory cytokines production and apoptosis. We investigated the effect of treadmill running on spatial learning memory in terms of activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in Alzheimer disease (AD) rats. We also evaluated the effect of treadmill running on proinflammatory cytokine production and apoptosis.</AbstractText>Using the stereotaxic frame, amyloid-β (Aβ) was injected into the lateral ventricle of the brain. The rats belong to treadmill running groups were forced to run on a motorized treadmill for 30 minutes per a day during 4 weeks, starting 3 days after Aβ injection. Morris water maze task was done for the determination of spatial learning memory. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, immunohistochemistry for cleaved caspase-3, and western blot for NF-κB, inhibitory protein of NF-κB (IκB), MAPK signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β were done.</AbstractText>Induction of AD increased proinflammatory cytokine secretion by activating the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. These changes induced apoptosis in the hippocampus and reduced spatial learning memory. In contrast, treadmill running inactivated the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway and suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production. These changes inhibited apoptosis and improved spatial learning memory.</AbstractText>Current results showed that treadmill running promoted spatial learning memory through suppressing proinflammatory cytokine production and apoptosis via inactivation of NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. Treadmill exercise can be considered an effective intervention for symptom relieve of AD.</AbstractText> |
2,331,574 | Quantitative comparison of subcortical and ventricular volumetry derived from MPRAGE and MP2RAGE images using different brain morphometry software. | In brain volume assessment with MR imaging, it is of interest to know the effects of the pulse sequence and software used, to determine whether they provide equivalent data. The aim of this study was to compare cross-sectional volumes of subcortical and ventricular structures and their repeatability derived from MP2RAGE and MPRAGE images using MorphoBox, and FIRST or ALVIN.</AbstractText>MPRAGE and MP2RAGE T1-weighted images were obtained from 24 healthy volunteers. Back-to-back scans were performed in 12 of them. Volumes, coefficients of variation, concordance, and correlations were determined.</AbstractText>Significant differences were found for volumes derived from MorphoBox and FIRST. Ventricular volumes determined by MorphoBox and ALVIN were similar. Differences between volumes obtained using MPRAGE and MP2RAGE were significant for a few regions. Coefficients of variation, ranged from 0.2 to 9.1%, showed a significant inverse correlation with the mean volume. There was a correlation between volume measures, but agreement was rated as poor for most regions.</AbstractText>MP2RAGE sequences and MorphoBox are valid options for assessing subcortical and ventricular volumes, in the same way as MPRAGE and FIRST or ALVIN, accepted tools for clinical research. However, caution is needed when comparing volumes obtained with different tools.</AbstractText>© 2021. European Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine and Biology (ESMRMB).</CopyrightInformation> |
2,331,575 | A longitudinal study of lateral ventricle volumes in deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia. | Although it is generally accepted that negative symptoms of schizophrenia are associated with larger lateral ventricles, this general assumption could not be validated in patients with primary negative symptoms. To elucidate this issue, we conducted a five-year longitudinal study, including deficit (n = 13) and non-deficit (n = 26) schizophrenia patients with healthy controls (n = 18). Analysis with linear mixed effects modeling showed that both the left and the right lateral ventricles of the deficit patients enlarged more than the non-deficit patients. Our results suggest that structural alterations in deficit patients might follow a different trajectory than those in non-deficit patients. |
2,331,576 | Orexin A improves the cognitive impairment induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia in mice. | The orexin neuron in lateral hypothalamus (LH) was involved in the regulation of sleep-wake cycle. However, the effect of orexin A (OXA) on cognitive impairment resulting from diverse diseases remains controversial. In this study, we investigated the effect of OXA on cognitive impairment induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) in mice. Adult (10 weeks old) male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the following four groups: normoxia control (NC)+normal saline (NS), NC + OXA, CIH + NS and CIH + OXA group. Following the CIH mice models establishment, OXA was injected into the right lateral ventricles of mice by a micro-injection system. Water maze test was used to assess spatial memory abilities of the mice. The expression of OXA and c-Fos in LH were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. Apoptotic cell death and oxidative stress in hippocampus were evaluated using multiple methods including TUNEL, western blot and biochemical analysis. Behavioral tests revealed that CIH significantly increased the escape latency and time of arriving platform, of which were markedly decreased by OXA treatment. Similarly, the CIH + NS group was worse than NC + NS group in terms of the number of platform crossing and time in the target quadrant, of which were also significantly improved by OXA treatment. The number of OXA + neuron in LH was decreased, but the percentage of c-Fos+/OXA + neuron in LH was remarkably increased by CIH. Furthermore, we found that micro-injection of OXA attenuated CIH-induced apoptotic cell death and oxidative stress in the hippocampus. Our results suggested that OXA might improve cognitive impairment induced by CIH through inhibiting hippocampal apoptosis and oxidative stress. |
2,331,577 | Anorexia nervosa-related cardiopathy in children with physical instability: prevalence, echocardiographic characteristics and reversibility at mid-term follow-up. | Prompt detection of cardiovascular abnormalities in children with anorexia nervosa and physical instability requiring hospitalization is essential to identify patients at higher cardiovascular risk. We studied all anorexia nervosa children requiring admission at Paediatric Institute in the period 2015-2019. Anorexia nervosa cardiopathy at admission was defined by the presence of at least two of the following clinical findings: pericardial effusion, mitral regurgitation, bradycardia, mitral billowing, aortic regurgitation, altered LV morphology and ECG abnormalities. Echocardiographic data were compared with those registered at 3-8-month follow-up and with data from a healthy population. Thirty-eight anorexia nervosa children were examined. Prevalence of anorexia nervosa cardiopathy at admission was 63% (24 patients). Pericardial effusion, bradycardia and mitral regurgitation were present together in 26% of patients. Most cardiovascular changes recovered at follow-up. Anorexia nervosa cardiopathy was associated with significantly lower left ventricle end-diastolic diameters and mass, and higher E wave, E/A and E/e' ratios and left ventricle sphericity index values vs healthy population and vs anorexia nervosa children without cardiopathy (p<0.05). Left ventricle global longitudinal strain was significantly reduced only in anorexia nervosa cardiopathy patients but recovered, whereas end-diastolic diameters, E/A ratio and sphericity index values remained impaired.Conclusion: Among anorexia nervosa children requiring hospitalization, those presenting several cardiac findings together express an acute anorexia nervosa cardiopathy which is characterized by worse LV filling, geometry and subclinical myocardial deformation impairment. Despite treatment, in those patients, some alterations persist at mid-term follow-up. What is Known: • Cardiac and electrocardiographic changes are present in anorexia nervosa children at diagnosis or during stable disease, and most recover after body-weight treatment. • It is unknown if anorexia nervosa children with more severe cardiac impairment during hospitalization present higher cardiovascular-risk profile despite treatment. What is New: • In anorexia nervosa children needing hospitalization for physical reasons, prevalence of acute anorexia nervosa cardiopathy at admission is high, around 60%. • By advanced echocardiography, children with anorexia nervosa cardiopathy at admission have a worse cardiac filling, impaired cardiac geometry and systolic deformation that only partially recover at mid-term follow-up. |
2,331,578 | Megalencephaly-capillary malformation syndrome and associated hydrocephalus: treatment options and revision of the literature. | We describe our series of 4 patients with megalencephaly-capillary malformation syndrome (MCAP) and review the literature in order to assess the optimal treatment for the associated hydrocephalus.</AbstractText>We review our institutional series of hydrocephalus associated with MCAP and review the literature, analyzing the causes that could originate the hydrocephalus and the different types of treatments proposed for them.</AbstractText>Of our patients treated with ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt, one suffered a surgical revision of the shunt and died due to a cranial trauma unrelated to her syndrome or the previous shunt surgery, and the other did not undergo surgical revisions until the end of her follow-up. Our patients treated with endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) have improved their symptomatology and have not suffered of any complications related to the hydrocephalus after the ETV surgery.</AbstractText>We update the treatment of MCAP-associated hydrocephalus and propose ETV as a valid treatment, as it seems a safe procedure with a low rate of complications.</AbstractText>© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,331,579 | Beclin-1-Dependent Autophagy of Left Ventricular Cardiomyocytes in SHR and Wistar-Kyoto Rats with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. | Autophagy is considered as a mechanism of progression of heart failure, but under certain conditions, it can also act as an adaptation mechanism. Beclin-1 plays the key role in autophagy. We studied the features of Beclin-1 expression in cardiomyocytes of the left ventricle in arterial hypertension, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and their combination. The experiment was performed on male 38-week-old Wistar Kyoto rats and SHR rats aged 38 and 57 weeks. Type 1 diabetes mellitus was modeled by a single parenteral administration of streptozotocin. Expression of Beclin-1 in cardiomyocytes of the left ventricle was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis. In arterial hypertension, a decrease in the intensity of Beclin-1-dependent autophagy of cardiomyocytes was seen, while in combined pathology, we observed an opposite effect manifested as a significant increase in the expression of protein Beclin-1. |
2,331,580 | Multi-Layer Onlay Graft Using Hydroxyapatite Cement Placement without Cerebrospinal Fluid Diversion for Endoscopic Skull Base Reconstruction. | The skull base reconstruction step, which prevents cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, is one of the most challenging steps in endoscopic skull base surgery (ESS). The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes and complications of a reconstruction technique for immediate CSF leakage repair using multiple onlay grafts following ESS.</AbstractText>A total of 230 consecutive patients who underwent skull base reconstruction using multiple onlay grafts with fibrin sealant patch (FSP), hydroxyapatite cement (HAC), and pedicled nasoseptal flap (PNF) for high-flow CSF leakage following ESS at three institutions were enrolled. We retrospectively reviewed the medical and radiological records to analyze the preoperative features and postoperative results.</AbstractText>The diagnoses included craniopharyngioma (46.8%), meningioma (34.0%), pituitary adenoma (5.3%), chordoma (1.6%), Rathke's cleft cyst (1.1%) and others (n=21, 11.2%). The trans-planum/tuberculum approach (94.3%) was the most commonly adapted surgical method, followed by the trans-sellar and transclival approaches. The third ventricle was opened in 78 patients (41.5%). Lumbar CSF drainage was not performed postoperatively in any of the patients. Postoperative CSF leakage occurred in four patients (1.7%) due to technical mistakes and were repaired with the same technique. However, postoperative meningitis occurred in 13.5% (n=31) of the patients, but no microorganisms were identified. The median latency to the diagnosis of meningitis was 8 days (range, 2-38). CSF leakage was the unique risk factor for postoperative meningitis (p<0.001).</AbstractText>The use of multiple onlay grafts with FSP, HAC, and PNF is a reliable reconstruction technique that provides immediate and complete CSF leakage repair and mucosal grafting on the skull base without the need to harvest autologous tissue or perform postoperative CSF diversion. However, postoperative meningitis should be monitored carefully.</AbstractText> |
2,331,581 | Beyond volumetry: Considering age-related changes in brain shape complexity using fractal dimensionality. | Gray matter volume for cortical, subcortical, and ventricles all vary with age. However, these volumetric changes do not happen on their own, there are also age-related changes in cortical folding and other measures of brain shape. Fractal dimensionality has emerged as a more sensitive measure of brain structure, capturing both volumetric and shape-related differences. For subcortical structures it is readily apparent that segmented structures do not differ in volume in isolation-adjacent regions must also vary in shape. Fractal dimensionality here also appears to be more sensitive to these age-related differences than volume. Given these differences in structure are quite prominent in structure, caution should be used when examining comparisons across age in brain function measures, as standard normalisation methods are not robust enough to adjust for these inter-individual differences in cortical structure. |
2,331,582 | The Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-Directed Implantable Guide Tube Technique: Accuracy and Applications in Deep Brain Stimulation. | The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-directed implantable guide tube technique allows for direct targeting of deep brain structures without microelectrode recording or intraoperative clinical assessment. This study describes a 10-year institutional experience of this technique including nuances that enable performance of surgery using readily available equipment.</AbstractText>Eighty-seven patients underwent deep brain stimulation surgery using the guide tube technique for Parkinson disease (n = 59), essential tremor (n = 16), and dystonia (n = 12). Preoperative and intraoperative MRI was analyzed to measure lead accuracy, volume of pneumocephalus, and the ability to safely plan a trajectory for multiple electrode contacts.</AbstractText>Mean target error was measured to be 0.7 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.6-0.8 mm) in the anteroposterior plane, 0.6 mm (95% CI 0.5-0.7 mm) in the mediolateral plane, and 0.8 mm (95% CI 0.7-0.9 mm) in the superoinferior plane. Net deviation (Euclidean error) from the planned target was 1.3 mm (95% CI 1.2-1.4 mm). Mean intracranial air volume per lead was 0.2 mL (95% CI 0.1-0.4 mL). In total, 52 patients had no intracranial air on postoperative imaging. In all patients, a safe trajectory could be planned to target for multiple electrode contacts without violating critical neural structures, the lateral ventricle, sulci, or cerebral blood vessels.</AbstractText>The MRI-directed implantable guide tube technique is a highly accurate, low-cost, reliable method for introducing deep brain electrodes. This technique reduces brain shift secondary to pneumocephalus and allows for whole trajectory planning of multiple electrode contacts.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,331,583 | Penetrating left ventricular injuries management: single General Thoracic Center experience. | Left ventricular penetrating injuries are rare but often lethal. Transport times greater than 30 min have been shown to increase the injury severity; thus early recognition of cardiac tamponade, prompt pericardial decompression, and control of cardiac hemorrhage are mandatory.</AbstractText>We retrospectively reviewed our record to include patients with penetrating trauma of the heart.</AbstractText>Four hemodynamically unstable young male patients with left ventricular penetrating injury of the heart were referred to our unit between January 2007 and December 2015. Median time from trauma to surgery was 16 min (range 14-21). A cardiorrhaphy through sternotomy with no extracorporeal support was performed. We had no in-hospital mortality.</AbstractText>According to our experience, in patients with hemodynamic shock and penetrating cardiac injury, a timely recognition of injuries and referral to the closest thoracic surgery unit may increase patient survival if it is located closer than a level I trauma center.</AbstractText>© 2021. The Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,331,584 | Occurrence of Chordoid Glioma With Sodium Ion Metabolism Disorder 5 Years After Meningioma Surgery and Whole-Exome Sequencing: A Case Report and Literature Review. | Chordoid glioma (CG), a rare slow-growing brain tumor, mainly occurs in the region of the third ventricle. Although its degree of malignancy is relatively low, its clinical prognosis is poor due to obscure clinical manifestations and the particular growing position. Currently, gross total resection is the best available method for treatment of CG. However, the tumor is located in the deep structure of the brain and close to neurovascular structure so it is difficult to remove completely. This study reported a case of CG of the third ventricle 5 years after surgery of right frontal parietal fibrous meningioma, accompanied with peri and post-operative sodium ion metabolism disorder. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) revealed 25 gene mutations shared by meningioma and CG. In addition, the <i>PRKCA</i> <sup><i>D</i>463<i>H</i></sup> CG marker gene mutation also existed in this patient. We reviewed the latest literature on this rare brain tumor, summarized its clinical manifestations, imaging and pathological characteristics, and discussed the mechanism related to its occurrence and the reasons for sodium ion disorder. |
2,331,585 | Serial T1 mapping of right ventricle in pulmonary hypertension: comparison with histology in an animal study. | Right ventricular (RV) free wall fibrosis is an important component of adverse remodeling with RV dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, no previous reports have compared cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) findings and histological analysis for RV free wall fibrosis in PH. We aimed to assess the feasibility of CMR T1 mapping with extracellular volume fraction (ECV) for evaluating the progression of RV free wall fibrosis in PH, and compared imaging findings to histological collagen density through an animal study.</AbstractText>Among 42 6-week-old Wistar male rats, 30 were classified according to disease duration (baseline before monocrotaline injection, and 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after injection) and 12 were used to control for aging (4 and 8 weeks after the baseline). We obtained pre and post-contrast T1 maps for native T1 and ECV of RV and left ventricular (LV) free wall for six animals in each disease-duration group. Collagen density of RV free wall was calculated with Masson's trichrome staining. The Kruskall-Wallis test was performed to compare the groups. Native T1 and ECV to collagen density were analyzed with Spearman's correlation.</AbstractText>The mean values of native T1, ECV and collagen density of the RV free wall at baseline were 1541 ± 33 ms, 17.2 ± 1.3%, and 4.7 ± 0.5%, respectively. The values of RV free wall did not differ according to aging (P = 0.244, 0.504 and 0.331, respectively). However, the values significantly increased according to disease duration (P < 0.001 for all). Significant correlations were observed between native T1 and collagen density (r = 0.770, P < 0.001), and between ECV and collagen density for the RV free wall (r = 0.815, P < 0.001) in PH. However, there was no significant difference in native T1 and ECV values for the LV free wall according to the disease duration from the baseline (P = 0.349 and 0.240, respectively).</AbstractText>We observed significantly increased values for native T1 and ECV of the RV free wall without significant increase of the LV free wall according to the disease duration of PH, and findings were well correlated with histological collagen density.</AbstractText> |
2,331,586 | Giant Right Ventricular Fibroma: Prenatal Diagnosis and Partial Resection in Early Infancy. | Congenital cardiac fibromas are very rare and prenatal diagnosis has been reported in just a few cases. We describe a four-month-old infant presenting a symptomatic giant right ventricular fibroma discovered during prenatal scanning at 33 weeks of gestation, which was confirmed after delivery on echocardiogram and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Due to progressive hemodynamic deterioration, partial surgical resection was performed and the patient recovered uneventfully. We report the successful management during early infancy of a giant cardiac fibroma prenatally diagnosed. |
2,331,587 | The magnitude and variability of brain structural alterations in bipolar disorder: A double meta-analysis of 5534 patients and 6651 healthy controls. | Bipolar disorder is thought to be associated with structural brain alterations, but findings have been inconsistent. Our double meta-analysis investigated the variability and magnitude of differences in regional brain volumes in patients with bipolar disorder relative to healthy volunteers.</AbstractText>Databases were systematically searched for MRI studies reporting regional brain volumetric measures in patients with bipolar disorder and controls. The primary outcome measures were variability ratio (VR), coefficient of variability ratio (CVR) and Hedge's g.</AbstractText>118 studies comprising 5534 patients and 6651 controls were included. The variability meta-analysis showed higher variability in amygdala (VR, 1.14; P = .02; CVR, 1.25; P = .005) and hippocampal (VR, 1.16; P = .001; CVR, 1.22; P = <.001) volumes in patients relative to controls. The meta-analysis of volume differences showed higher lateral (g, -0.43; P = <.0001) and third ventricle (g, -0.22; P = .01) volumes in patients; and lower hippocampus (g, 0.41; P = .001), grey matter (g, 0.25; P = .001), white matter (g, 0.23; P = .0002) and total brain volumes (g, 0.20; P = .003) in patients relative to controls. A higher proportion of male subjects was associated with decreased mean volumes of the amygdala, hippocampus and thalamus and increased lateral ventricle volumes.</AbstractText>There was significant publication bias and between-study inconsistency for several brain regions.</AbstractText>Bipolar disorder is associated with generalised alterations in white and grey matter brain volumes, particularly marked in the hippocampus volumes, which were smaller but showed greater variability in volumes relative to controls. This suggests that heterogeneity in neurobiological processes involving the hippocampus contribute to clinical heterogeneity in the disorder, and this may be more marked in males than females.</AbstractText>Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,331,588 | Propofol maintains Th17/Treg cell balance and reduces inflammation in rats with traumatic brain injury via the miR‑145‑3p/NFATc2/NF‑κB axis. | Propofol is a commonly used intravenous anesthetic. The aim of the study was to examine the mechanism of propofol in traumatic brain injury (TBI) by regulating interleukin (IL)‑17 activity and maintaining the Th17/Treg balance. A rat model with moderate TBI was established using the weight‑drop method. Rats with TBI were regularly injected with propofol and their brain injuries were monitored. The peripheral blood of rats was collected to measure the Th17/Treg ratio. MicroRNA (miR)‑145‑3p expression was detected in the brain tissues of rats and antagomiR‑145‑3p was injected into the lateral ventricles of their brains to verify the effect of miR‑145‑3p on brain injury. The downstream target of miR‑145‑3p was predicted. The targeting relationship between miR‑145‑3p and nuclear factor of activated T cells c2 (NFATc2) was confirmed. NFATC2 expression and phosphorylation of NF‑κB pathway‑related proteins were measured. Propofol alleviated brain injury in rats with TBI and maintained the Th17/Treg balance. Propofol upregulated miR‑145‑3p expression in rat brains, while the inhibition of miR‑145‑3p reversed the effect of propofol on brain injury. A binding relationship was observed between miR‑145‑3p and NFATc2. Furthermore, propofol decreased the phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα, and inhibited activation of the NF‑κB pathway in the brains of rats with TBI. In conclusion, propofol maintained Th17/Treg balance and reduced inflammation in the rats with TBI via the miR‑145‑3p/NFATc2/NF‑κB axis. |
2,331,589 | Acquired unilateral upper limb hypertrophy as a late complication of tuberculous meningitis complicated by Chiari 1 malformation and syringomyelia. | Syringomyelia associated with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is an extremely rare condition. Only a few adult cases have been reported. A 12-year-old woman, who previously suffered TBM at the age of 6 months, presented with a long-standing history of right upper limb panhypertrophy, dissociate anaesthesia, frequent headaches, scoliosis and acquired macrocephaly. MRI demonstrated hydrocephalus, descent of the cerebral tonsils and an intramedullary syrinx extending from C2 to L1. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) leads to reduction in the size of the syringomyelia and resolution of the thermoanaesthesia. This case highlights a very rare long-term complication associated with childhood TBM and the potential benefit offered by ETV. |
2,331,590 | Endoscopic versus open microsurgery for colloid cysts of the third ventricle. | The surgical approach for colloid cysts of the third ventricle mainly consists of endoscopic or microscopic approach but few studies compare the neurologic outcomes and complications related to the different approaches. We retrospectively reviewed our results after resection of colloid cysts of the third ventricle using endoscopic surgery (ES) compared to open microsurgery (OS).</AbstractText>Fifty-one patients were included in the study of which 17 patients underwent ES. Colloid cyst size and Evans' index were evaluated on CT or MRI scans. Presenting symptoms, neurologic outcomes and complications were compared between the two groups and analysed using Fisher's exact test. Operative time and days of hospital stay were compared between the two groups, using independent sample t-test. The median follow-up time was 96 days and did not differ significantly between the groups.</AbstractText>Shorter mean operative time (p = 0.04) and fewer days of hospital stay (p < 0.01) were found in the endoscopic group compared to the open microsurgical group. Presenting symptoms, neurological outcomes and postoperative complications were similar in the two groups.</AbstractText>ES showed similar neurologic outcomes and complications compared to OS for colloid cysts of the third ventricle. ES showed significantly shorter operative times and hospital stays compared to OS.</AbstractText> |
2,331,591 | Intraflagellar transport. | Cells need to be able to sense different types of signals, such as chemical and mechanical stimuli, from the extracellular environment in order to properly function. Most eukaryotic cells sense these signals in part through a specialized hair-like organelle, the cilium, that extends from the cell body as a sort of antenna. The signaling and sensory functions of cilia are fundamental during the early stages of embryonic development, when cilia coordinate the establishment of the internal left-right asymmetry that is typical of the vertebrate body. Later, cilia continue to be required for the correct development and function of specific tissues and organs, such as the brain, heart, kidney, liver, and pancreas. Sensory cilia allow us to sense the environment that surrounds us; for instance, we see as a result of the connecting cilia of photoreceptors in our retina, we smell through the sensory cilia at the tips of our olfactory neurons, and we hear thanks to the kinocilia of our sensory hair cells. Motile cilia, which themselves have sensory functions, also work as propeller-like extensions that allow us to breathe because they keep our lungs clean, to reproduce because they propel sperm cells, and even to properly reason because they contribute to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid in our brain ventricles. Not surprisingly, defects in the assembly and function of these tiny organelles result in devastating pathologies, collectively known as ciliopathies (Box 1). Thus, the proper function of cilia is fundamental for human health. |
2,331,592 | Neurospheres and Glial Cell Cultures; from Plating to Cell Phenotyping. | Cell cultures constitute an important tool for research as a way to reproduce pathological processes in a controlled system. However, the culture of brain-derived cells in monolayer presents significant challenges that obscure the fidelity of in vitro results. This is because after a few number of passages, glial and neuronal cells begin to lose their morphological characteristics, and most importantly, their specific cellular markers and phenotype. In recent years, the discovery of neural progenitor cells, and the methodology to culture them in suspension maintaining their potentiality while still retaining the ability to differentiate into astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons has made significant contributions to the fields of neuroscience and neuropathology.In the brain, progenitor cells are located in the germinal matrix, in the subventricular zone and play an essential role in the homeostasis of the brain by providing the source to replace differentiated cells that have been lost or damaged by different pathological processes, such as injury, genetic conditions, or disease. The discovery of these Neural Stem Cells in an organ traditionally thought to have limited or no regenerative capacity has opened the door to the development of novel treatments, which include cell replacement therapy. Here we describe the culture and differentiation of neural progenitor cells from Neurospheres, and the phenotyping of the resulting cells using immunocytochemistry. The immunocytological methods outlined are not restricted to the analysis of neurosphere-derived cultures but are also applicable for cell typing of primary glial or cell line-derived samples. |
2,331,593 | MEIS-WNT5A axis regulates development of fourth ventricle choroid plexus. | The choroid plexus (ChP) produces cerebrospinal fluid and forms an essential brain barrier. ChP tissues form in each brain ventricle, each one adopting a distinct shape, but remarkably little is known about the mechanisms underlying ChP development. Here, we show that epithelial WNT5A is crucial for determining fourth ventricle (4V) ChP morphogenesis and size in mouse. Systemic Wnt5a knockout, or forced Wnt5a overexpression beginning at embryonic day 10.5, profoundly reduced ChP size and development. However, Wnt5a expression was enriched in Foxj1-positive epithelial cells of 4V ChP plexus, and its conditional deletion in these cells affected the branched, villous morphology of the 4V ChP. We found that WNT5A was enriched in epithelial cells localized to the distal tips of 4V ChP villi, where WNT5A acted locally to activate non-canonical WNT signaling via ROR1 and ROR2 receptors. During 4V ChP development, MEIS1 bound to the proximal Wnt5a promoter, and gain- and loss-of-function approaches demonstrated that MEIS1 regulated Wnt5a expression. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a dual function of WNT5A in ChP development and identify MEIS transcription factors as upstream regulators of Wnt5a in the 4V ChP epithelium. |
2,331,594 | Combining advanced MRI and EEG techniques better explains long-term motor outcome after very preterm birth. | Preterm born children are at high risk for adverse motor neurodevelopment. The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between motor outcome and advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) measures.</AbstractText>In a prospective cohort study of 64 very preterm born children, the motor outcome was assessed at 9.83 (SD 0.70) years. Volumetric MRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and EEG were acquired at 10.85 (SD 0.49) years. We investigated associations between motor outcome and brain volumes (white matter, deep gray matter, cerebellum, and ventricles), white matter integrity (fractional anisotropy and mean, axial and radial diffusivity), and brain activity (upper alpha (A2) functional connectivity and relative A2 power). The independence of associations with motor outcome was investigated with a final model. For each technique, the measure with the strongest association was selected to avoid multicollinearity.</AbstractText>Ventricular volume, radial diffusivity, mean diffusivity, relative A2 power, and A2 functional connectivity were significantly correlated to motor outcome. The final model showed that ventricular volume and relative A2 power were independently associated with motor outcome (B = -9.42 × 10-5</sup>, p = 0.027 and B = 28.9, p = 0.007, respectively).</AbstractText>This study suggests that a lasting interplay exists between brain structure and function that might underlie motor outcome at school age.</AbstractText>This is the first study that investigates the relationships between motor outcome and brain volumes, DTI, and brain function in preterm born children at school age. Ventricular volume and relative upper alpha power on EEG have an independent relation with motor outcome in preterm born children at school age. This suggests that there is a lasting interplay between structure and function that underlies adverse motor outcome.</AbstractText>© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to the International Pediatric Research Foundation, Inc.</CopyrightInformation> |
2,331,595 | Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in the Perioperative Period of Cardiac Surgery: Predictors, Diagnosis, Prognosis, Management Options, and Future Directions.<Pagination><StartPage>1169</StartPage><EndPage>1179</EndPage><MedlinePgn>1169-1179</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1053/j.jvca.2021.04.024</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S1053-0770(21)00350-5</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after cardiac surgery is reported with a widely variable incidence (from 0.4%-8.1%). Cardiac surgery patients usually are affected by several comorbidities, and the development of ARDS significantly affects their prognosis. Herein, evidence regarding the current knowledge in the field of ARDS in cardiac surgery is summarized and is followed by a discussion on therapeutic strategies, with consideration of the peculiar aspects of ARDS after cardiac surgery. Prevention of lung injury during and after cardiac surgery remains pivotal. Blood product transfusions should be limited to minimize the risk, among others, of lung injury. Open lung ventilation strategy (ventilation during cardiopulmonary bypass, recruitment maneuvers, and the use of moderate positive end-expiratory pressure) has not shown clear benefits on clinical outcomes. Clinicians in the intraoperative and postoperative ventilatory settings carefully should consider the effect of mechanical ventilation on cardiac function (in particular the right ventricle). Driving pressure should be kept as low as possible, with low tidal volumes (on predicted body weight) and optimal positive end-expiratory pressure. Regarding the therapeutic options, management of ARDS after cardiac surgery challenges the common approach. For instance, prone positioning may not be easily applicable after cardiac surgery. In patients who develop ARDS after cardiac surgery, extracorporeal techniques may be a valid choice in experienced hands. The use of neuromuscular blockade and inhaled nitric oxide can be considered on a case-by-case basis, whereas the use of aggressive lung recruitment and oscillatory ventilation should be discouraged.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sanfilippo</LastName><ForeName>Filippo</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, A.O.U. "Policlinico-San Marco", Catania, Italy. Electronic address: filipposanfi@yahoo.it.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Palumbo</LastName><ForeName>Gaetano J</ForeName><Initials>GJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Guys and St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bignami</LastName><ForeName>Elena</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Unit of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pavesi</LastName><ForeName>Marco</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ranucci</LastName><ForeName>Marco</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Scolletta</LastName><ForeName>Sabino</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Urgency and Emergency, of Organ Transplantation, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pelosi</LastName><ForeName>Paolo</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience, Genoa, Italy; Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Astuto</LastName><ForeName>Marinella</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, A.O.U. "Policlinico-San Marco", Catania, Italy; Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2021</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>24</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9110208</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1053-0770</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006348" MajorTopicYN="Y">Cardiac Surgical Procedures</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="N">adverse effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D059035" MajorTopicYN="N">Perioperative Period</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011175" MajorTopicYN="N">Positive-Pressure Respiration</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="N">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011379" MajorTopicYN="N">Prognosis</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012121" MajorTopicYN="N">Respiration, Artificial</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="N">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012128" MajorTopicYN="Y">Respiratory Distress Syndrome</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000175" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnosis</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="N">etiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000628" MajorTopicYN="N">therapy</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013990" MajorTopicYN="N">Tidal Volume</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">acute lung injury</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">cardiac anesthesia</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">critical care</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">intensive care</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">pneumonia</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">postoperative pulmonary complications</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2021</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>10</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2021</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>8</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2021</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>16</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2021</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>26</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2022</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>12</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2021</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>25</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">34030957</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC8141368</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1053/j.jvca.2021.04.024</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S1053-0770(21)00350-5</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Bellani G, Laffey JG, Pham T, et al. 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Cardiac surgery patients usually are affected by several comorbidities, and the development of ARDS significantly affects their prognosis. Herein, evidence regarding the current knowledge in the field of ARDS in cardiac surgery is summarized and is followed by a discussion on therapeutic strategies, with consideration of the peculiar aspects of ARDS after cardiac surgery. Prevention of lung injury during and after cardiac surgery remains pivotal. Blood product transfusions should be limited to minimize the risk, among others, of lung injury. Open lung ventilation strategy (ventilation during cardiopulmonary bypass, recruitment maneuvers, and the use of moderate positive end-expiratory pressure) has not shown clear benefits on clinical outcomes. Clinicians in the intraoperative and postoperative ventilatory settings carefully should consider the effect of mechanical ventilation on cardiac function (in particular the right ventricle). Driving pressure should be kept as low as possible, with low tidal volumes (on predicted body weight) and optimal positive end-expiratory pressure. Regarding the therapeutic options, management of ARDS after cardiac surgery challenges the common approach. For instance, prone positioning may not be easily applicable after cardiac surgery. In patients who develop ARDS after cardiac surgery, extracorporeal techniques may be a valid choice in experienced hands. The use of neuromuscular blockade and inhaled nitric oxide can be considered on a case-by-case basis, whereas the use of aggressive lung recruitment and oscillatory ventilation should be discouraged.<CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sanfilippo</LastName><ForeName>Filippo</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, A.O.U. "Policlinico-San Marco", Catania, Italy. Electronic address: filipposanfi@yahoo.it.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Palumbo</LastName><ForeName>Gaetano J</ForeName><Initials>GJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Guys and St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bignami</LastName><ForeName>Elena</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Unit of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pavesi</LastName><ForeName>Marco</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ranucci</LastName><ForeName>Marco</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Scolletta</LastName><ForeName>Sabino</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Urgency and Emergency, of Organ Transplantation, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Siena University Hospital, Siena, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pelosi</LastName><ForeName>Paolo</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience, Genoa, Italy; Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Astuto</LastName><ForeName>Marinella</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, A.O.U. "Policlinico-San Marco", Catania, Italy; Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2021</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>24</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9110208</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1053-0770</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006348" MajorTopicYN="Y">Cardiac Surgical Procedures</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000009" MajorTopicYN="N">adverse effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D059035" MajorTopicYN="N">Perioperative Period</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011175" MajorTopicYN="N">Positive-Pressure Respiration</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="N">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011379" MajorTopicYN="N">Prognosis</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012121" MajorTopicYN="N">Respiration, Artificial</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="N">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012128" MajorTopicYN="Y">Respiratory Distress Syndrome</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000175" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnosis</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000209" MajorTopicYN="N">etiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000628" MajorTopicYN="N">therapy</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013990" MajorTopicYN="N">Tidal Volume</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">acute lung injury</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">cardiac anesthesia</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">critical care</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">intensive care</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">pneumonia</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">postoperative pulmonary complications</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2021</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>10</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2021</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>8</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2021</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>16</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2021</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>26</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2022</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>12</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2021</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>25</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">34030957</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC8141368</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1053/j.jvca.2021.04.024</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S1053-0770(21)00350-5</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Bellani G, Laffey JG, Pham T, et al. 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Respir Care. 2017;62:1014–1022.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28559468</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">34030900</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>27</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2173-5808</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>May</Month><Day>21</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Neurologia</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Neurologia (Engl Ed)</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Evaluation of the anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effect of intracerebral administration of growth hormone in rats.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0213-4853(21)00074-8</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.nrl.2021.03.010</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="INTRODUCTION" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">The growth hormone (GH) has been reported as a crucial neuronal survival factor in the hippocampus against insults of diverse nature. Status epilepticus (SE) is a prolonged seizure that produces extensive neuronal cell death. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of intracerebroventricular administration of GH on seizure severity and SE-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration.<AbstractText Label="METHODOLOGY" NlmCategory="METHODS">Adult male rats were implanted with a guide cannula in the left ventricle and different amounts of GH (70, 120 or 220ng/3μl) were microinjected for 5 days; artificial cerebrospinal fluid was used as the vehicle. Seizures were induced by the lithium-pilocarpine model (3mEq/kg LiCl and 30mg/kg pilocarpine hydrochloride) one day after the last GH administration. Neuronal injury was assessed by Fluoro-Jade B (F-JB) staining.<AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Rats injected with 120ng of GH did not had SE after 30mg/kg pilocarpine, they required a higher number of pilocarpine injections to develop SE than the rats pretreated with the vehicle, 70ng or 220ng GH. Prefrontal and parietal cortex EEG recordings confirmed that latency to generalized seizures and SE was also significantly higher in the 120ng group when compared with all the experimental groups. FJ-B positive cells were detected in the hippocampus after SE in all rats, and no significant differences in the number of F-JB cells in the CA1 area and the hilus was observed between experimental groups.<AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Our results indicate that, although GH has an anticonvulsive effect in the lithium-pilocarpine model of SE, it does not exert hippocampal neuroprotection after SE. |
2,331,596 | Primary hypothalamic lymphoma with clinical findings mimicking pituitary apoplexy: a case report. | Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare but well-known extra-nodal lymphoma, which usually presents with non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas. PCNSL is generally located around the ventricle and is often detected as multiple lesions. It is rarely seen in the area of the hypothalamus.</AbstractText>We report the case of a 48-year-old Caucasian woman with progressive short-term memory deterioration, headache, mental confusion, diabetes insipidus (DI) and hypopituitarism. Early findings were suggestive of a pituitary apoplexy. The results of tests performed during the initial admission at the tertiary health center revealed hypernatremia, hypopituitarism and DI. Intravenous hydrocortisone treatment was initiated for the secondary adrenal insufficiency, and 75 mcg/day of levothyroxine was started for the secondary hypothyroidism on the fourth day following hydrocortisone treatment. A daily dose of 120 mg desmopressin melt tablet was started twice a day for polyuria/polydipsia after the patient's volume status was balanced. A brain magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed a mass lesion in the hypothalamic area, which was surrounded by marked edema. Anti-edema treatment was initially started considering the suggestion by our neurosurgery team. The patient's clinical and laboratory findings improved after the initiation of the anti-edema therapy. Afterwards, a biopsy was performed, which diagnosed a malignant diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Subsequently, intravenous high-dose methotrexate-based therapy was started; however, after the second cycle of chemotherapy, the patient died due to sepsis.</AbstractText>In this report, we present a case of hypopituitarism that developed due to the mass effect of hypothalamic lymphoma with clinical findings of pituitary apoplexy. Intracranial masses may cause obvious endocrinological findings related to hypopituitarism, while vague findings may also be observed due to partial failure. Therefore, it is important to perform a comprehensive endocrinological examination at the time of diagnosis in patients with intracranial masses.</AbstractText> |
2,331,597 | Robot-Assisted Stereotactic Shunting as a Novel Treatment for Pontine Glioependymal Cysts. | In this case report, the authors describe the first case of a glioependymal cyst of the brainstem managed by robot-assisted, stereotactic, cysto-ventricular shunting. Glioependymal cysts are rare congenital cystic lesions that are thought to form by displacement of ependymal cells during the embryonal period. Glioependymal cysts have been reported in a variety of different locations within the central nervous system. However, glioependymal cysts of the brainstem have only been described once before. Here, we report the case of a 53-year-old man who was referred to our department due to hemiparesis, hemihypesthesia, and hemidysesthesia, as well as facial and abducens nerve palsy. A large pontine glioependymal cyst was confirmed via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The cyst was subsequently decompressed by connecting the cyst with the fourth ventricle via robot-assisted stereotactic shunt placement. In the postoperative course, the patient made a quick recovery and did not report any permanent neurologic deficits. |
2,331,598 | Perm1 promotes cardiomyocyte mitochondrial biogenesis and protects against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced damage in mice. | Normal contractile function of the heart depends on a constant and reliable production of ATP by cardiomyocytes. Dysregulation of cardiac energy metabolism can result in immature heart development and disrupt the ability of the adult myocardium to adapt to stress, potentially leading to heart failure. Further, restoration of abnormal mitochondrial function can have beneficial effects on cardiac dysfunction. Previously, we identified a novel protein termed Perm1 (PGC-1 and estrogen-related receptor (ERR)-induced regulator, muscle 1) that is enriched in skeletal and cardiac-muscle mitochondria and transcriptionally regulated by PGC-1 (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1) and ERR. The role of Perm1 in the heart is poorly understood and is studied here. We utilized cell culture, mouse models, and human tissue, to study its expression and transcriptional control, as well as its role in transcription of other factors. Critically, we tested Perm1's role in cardiomyocyte mitochondrial function and its ability to protect myocytes from stress-induced damage. Our studies show that Perm1 expression increases throughout mouse cardiogenesis, demonstrate that Perm1 interacts with PGC-1α and enhances activation of PGC-1 and ERR, increases mitochondrial DNA copy number, and augments oxidative capacity in cultured neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes. Moreover, we found that Perm1 reduced cellular damage produced as a result of hypoxia and reoxygenation-induced stress and mitigated cell death of cardiomyocytes. Taken together, our results show that Perm1 promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in mouse cardiomyocytes. Future studies can assess the potential of Perm1 to be used as a novel therapeutic to restore cardiac dysfunction induced by ischemic injury. |
2,331,599 | Prenatal diagnosis, associated findings and postnatal outcome of fetuses with truncus arteriosus communis (TAC).<Pagination><StartPage>1455</StartPage><EndPage>1466</EndPage><MedlinePgn>1455-1466</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1007/s00404-021-06067-x</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="PURPOSE">To assess the spectrum of associated anomalies, the intrauterine course, postnatal outcome and management of fetuses with truncus arteriosus communis (TAC) METHODS: All cases of TAC diagnosed prenatally over a period of 8 years were retrospectively collected in two tertiary referral centers. All additional prenatal findings were assessed and correlated with the outcome. The accuracy of prenatal diagnosis was assessed.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS">Thirty nine cases of TAC were diagnosed prenatally. Mean gestational age at first diagnosis was 22 weeks (range 13-38). Two cases were lost follow-up. Correct prenatal diagnosis of TAC was made in 87.5% and of TAC subtype in 90.5%. Prenatal diagnosis was incorrect in three cases: one newborn had aortic atresia with ventricular septal defect (VSD) postnatally, one had hypo-plastic right ventricle with dextro transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) with coarctation of the aorta and a third newborn had tetralogy of fallot (TOF) with abnormal origin of the left pulmonary artery arising from the ascending aorta postnatally. These 3 cases were excluded from further analysis. In 26.5% of cases, TAC was an isolated finding. 38.2% of fetuses had additional chromosomal anomalies. Among them, microdeletion 22q11.2 was most common with a prevalence of 17.6% in our cohort. Another 3 fetuses were highly suspicious for non-chromosomal genetic syndromes due to their additional extra-cardiac anomalies, but molecular diagnosis could not be provided. Major cardiac and extra-cardiac anomalies occurred in between 8.8% and 58.8%, respectively. Predominantly, extra-cardiac anomalies occurred in association with chromosomal anomalies. Additionally, severe IUGR occurred in 17.6%. There were 14 terminations of pregnancy (41.2%), 1 (2.9%) intrauterine fetal death, 5 postnatal deaths (14.7%) and 14 (41.2%) infants were alive at last follow-up. Intention-to-treat survival rate was 70%. Mean follow-up among survivors was 42 months (range 6-104). Postoperative health status among survivors was excellent in 78.6%, but 46.2% needed repeated re-interventions due to recurrent pulmonary artery or conduit stenosis. The other 21.4% of survivors were significantly impaired due to non-cardiac problems.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION">Truncus arteriosus communis is a rare and complex cardiac anomaly that can be diagnosed prenatally with high precision. TAC is frequently associated with chromosomal and extra-cardiac anomalies, leading to a high intrauterine and postnatal loss rate due to terminations and perioperative mortality. Without severe extra-cardiac anomalies, postoperative health status is excellent, independent of the subtype of TAC, but the prevalence of repeated interventions due to recurrent stenosis is high.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2021. The Author(s).</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Abel</LastName><ForeName>J S</ForeName><Initials>JS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Prenatal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cologne, Kerpenerstr. 34, 50931, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Berg</LastName><ForeName>C</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Prenatal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cologne, Kerpenerstr. 34, 50931, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Geipel</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gembruch</LastName><ForeName>U</ForeName><Initials>U</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Herberg</LastName><ForeName>U</ForeName><Initials>U</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Breuer</LastName><ForeName>J</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brockmeier</LastName><ForeName>K</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gottschalk</LastName><ForeName>I</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-7750-6769</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Prenatal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cologne, Kerpenerstr. 34, 50931, Cologne, Germany. ingo.gottschalk@uk-koeln.de.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2021</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>24</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Germany</Country><MedlineTA>Arch Gynecol Obstet</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>8710213</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0932-0067</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><SupplMeshList><SupplMeshName Type="Disease" UI="C535464">Conotruncal cardiac defects</SupplMeshName></SupplMeshList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005313" MajorTopicYN="N">Fetal Death</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005333" MajorTopicYN="Y">Fetus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000601" MajorTopicYN="N">surgery</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005865" MajorTopicYN="N">Gestational Age</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006330" MajorTopicYN="N">Heart Defects, Congenital</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="Y">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000601" MajorTopicYN="N">surgery</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007223" MajorTopicYN="N">Infant</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007231" MajorTopicYN="N">Infant, Newborn</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011183" MajorTopicYN="N">Postoperative Complications</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011247" MajorTopicYN="N">Pregnancy</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011296" MajorTopicYN="N">Prenatal Diagnosis</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="Y">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012189" MajorTopicYN="N">Retrospective Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019616" MajorTopicYN="N">Thoracic Surgical Procedures</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016216" MajorTopicYN="N">Ultrasonography, Prenatal</DescriptorName><QualifierName 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SeminThoracCardiovascSurg. 2016;28:512–513.</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28043469</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></PubmedArticle><PubmedArticle><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM" IndexingMethod="Automated"><PMID Version="1">34028452</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2021</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>15</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2023</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>08</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1940-087X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Issue>171</Issue><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>May</Month><Day>07</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Vis Exp</ISOAbbreviation></Journal>Isolation and Culture of Resident Cardiac Macrophages from the Murine Sinoatrial and Atrioventricular Node. | Resident cardiac macrophages have been demonstrated to facilitate the electrical conduction in the heart. The physiologic heart rhythm is initiated by electrical impulses generated in sinoatrial node (SAN) and then conducted to ventricles via atrioventricular node (AVN). To further study the role of resident macrophages in cardiac conduction system, a proper isolation of resident macrophages from SAN and AVN is necessary, but it remains challenging. Here, we provide a protocol for the reliable microdissection of the SAN and AVN in murine hearts followed by the isolation and culture of resident macrophages. Both, SAN which is located at the junction of the crista terminalis with the superior vena cava, and AVN which is located at the apex of the triangle of Koch, are identified and microdissected. Correct location is confirmed by histologic analysis of the tissue performed with Masson's trichrome stain and by anti-HCN4. Microdissected tissues are then enzymatically digested to obtain single cell suspensions followed by the incubation with a specific panel of antibodies directed against cell-type specific surface markers. This allows to identify, count, or isolate different cell populations by fluorescent activated cell sorting. To differentiate cardiac resident macrophages from other immune cells in the myocardium, especially recruited monocyte-derived macrophages, a delicate devised gating strategy is needed. First, lymphoid lineage cells are detected and excluded from further analysis. Then, myeloid cells are identified with resident macrophages being determined by high expression of both CD45 and CD11b, and low expression of Ly6C. With cell sorting, isolated cardiac macrophages can then be cultivated in vitro over several days for further investigation. We, therefore, describe a protocol to isolate cardiac resident macrophages located within the cardiac conduction system. We discuss pitfalls in microdissecting and digesting SAN and AVN, and provide a gating strategy to reliably identify, count and sort cardiac macrophages by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. |
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