qid int64 1 74.7M | question stringlengths 12 33.8k | date stringlengths 10 10 | metadata list | response_j stringlengths 0 115k | response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k |
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4,875 | I run a Usability/UX blog, and my biggest hurdle right now is finding examples to illustrate the topics I write about (bad error messages, good implementation of tabs, bad interactions...etc)
So is there a website that has, for example, a database of categorized/tagged interface screenshots from various web sites on the web? | 2010/01/29 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/4875",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | You asked for examples of good and bad web elements of various kinds.
Here are some resources from which you can draw examples, screenshots, ideas of sites to look at, etc., on which to make ux-specific commentary:
* [Time Magazine's 5 Worst Websites](http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1638344%5F1638341,00.html)
* [Time Magazine's 50 Best Websites 2009](http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1918031%5F1918016,00.html)
* [Top 10 Worst Websites You'll Wish you Hadn't seen](http://www.blogstorm.co.uk/top-10-worst-websites/)
* [Web Pages That Suck](http://www.webpagesthatsuck.com/worst-business-web-sites-of-2009-but-you-can-learn-something-from-them.html#axzz0e7smhIXD) ('Worst of' by year, from 2005-2009)
* [The World's Worst Website](http://www.angelfire.com/super/badwebs/) | Here's a huge collection of patterns: [40+ Helpful Resources On User Interface Design Patterns](http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2009/06/15/40-helpful-resources-on-user-interface-design-patterns/) |
4,875 | I run a Usability/UX blog, and my biggest hurdle right now is finding examples to illustrate the topics I write about (bad error messages, good implementation of tabs, bad interactions...etc)
So is there a website that has, for example, a database of categorized/tagged interface screenshots from various web sites on the web? | 2010/01/29 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/4875",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Some suggestions on pattern libraries:
* <http://patterntap.com/>
* <http://www.welie.com/patterns/index.php>
* <http://ui-patterns.com/>
* <http://uipatternfactory.com/>
* <http://developer.yahoo.com/ypatterns/>
* <http://www.flickr.com/photos/factoryjoe/collections/72157600001823120/>
* <http://wearecolorblind.com/>
* <http://searchpatterns.org/Main_Page>
* <http://www.scrnshots.com/>
* <http://osdpl.fluidproject.org/>
* <http://www.flickr.com/groups/uxpatterns/>
* <http://www.flickr.com/groups/uxerrors/>
* <http://www.flickr.com/groups/dailyux/>
* <http://www.flickr.com/groups/uxpatterns/> | I'm sure there are plenty more, but my favorite resource for this type of data is [Pattern Tap](http://patterntap.com/). |
4,875 | I run a Usability/UX blog, and my biggest hurdle right now is finding examples to illustrate the topics I write about (bad error messages, good implementation of tabs, bad interactions...etc)
So is there a website that has, for example, a database of categorized/tagged interface screenshots from various web sites on the web? | 2010/01/29 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/4875",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Some suggestions on pattern libraries:
* <http://patterntap.com/>
* <http://www.welie.com/patterns/index.php>
* <http://ui-patterns.com/>
* <http://uipatternfactory.com/>
* <http://developer.yahoo.com/ypatterns/>
* <http://www.flickr.com/photos/factoryjoe/collections/72157600001823120/>
* <http://wearecolorblind.com/>
* <http://searchpatterns.org/Main_Page>
* <http://www.scrnshots.com/>
* <http://osdpl.fluidproject.org/>
* <http://www.flickr.com/groups/uxpatterns/>
* <http://www.flickr.com/groups/uxerrors/>
* <http://www.flickr.com/groups/dailyux/>
* <http://www.flickr.com/groups/uxpatterns/> | Here's a huge collection of patterns: [40+ Helpful Resources On User Interface Design Patterns](http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2009/06/15/40-helpful-resources-on-user-interface-design-patterns/) |
4,875 | I run a Usability/UX blog, and my biggest hurdle right now is finding examples to illustrate the topics I write about (bad error messages, good implementation of tabs, bad interactions...etc)
So is there a website that has, for example, a database of categorized/tagged interface screenshots from various web sites on the web? | 2010/01/29 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/4875",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | These are the pattern repositories I find myself referring to most often:
* [Designing Interfaces](http://designinginterfaces.com/)
* [Yahoo! Design Pattern Library](http://developer.yahoo.com/ypatterns/)
* [Quince: UX Patterns Explorer](http://quince.infragistics.com/)
* [Pattern Tap](http://patterntap.com/)
* [UI Patterns](http://ui-patterns.com/)
* [Welie Interaction Design Pattern Library](http://www.welie.com/patterns/)
* [Designing Social Interfaces Wiki](http://www.designingsocialinterfaces.com/patterns.wiki/index.php?title=Main%5FPage)
It's also worth having a look at various operating system interface guidelines for inspiration:
* [Apple Human Interface Guidelines](http://developer.apple.com/Mac/library/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/AppleHIGuidelines/XHIGIntro/XHIGIntro.html)
* [Windows User Experience Interaction Guidelines](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa511258.aspx)
* [GNOME Human Interface Guidelines](http://library.gnome.org/devel/hig-book/stable/)
Finally, if you're looking for some good books on the subject, the O'Reilly "Designing Interfaces" series is a great collection of pattern libraries:
* [Designing Interfaces](http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596008031/)
* [Designing Web Interfaces](http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596516253/)
* [Designing Social Interfaces](http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596154936/)
* [Designing Gestural Interfaces](http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596518394/)
There quite a few more design pattern resources out there, but these are the resources that I've found to be the most useful. | I have about 30 sites linked from my Delicious acct: <http://delicious.com/FiveFifteen/patterns> |
4,875 | I run a Usability/UX blog, and my biggest hurdle right now is finding examples to illustrate the topics I write about (bad error messages, good implementation of tabs, bad interactions...etc)
So is there a website that has, for example, a database of categorized/tagged interface screenshots from various web sites on the web? | 2010/01/29 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/4875",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Some suggestions on pattern libraries:
* <http://patterntap.com/>
* <http://www.welie.com/patterns/index.php>
* <http://ui-patterns.com/>
* <http://uipatternfactory.com/>
* <http://developer.yahoo.com/ypatterns/>
* <http://www.flickr.com/photos/factoryjoe/collections/72157600001823120/>
* <http://wearecolorblind.com/>
* <http://searchpatterns.org/Main_Page>
* <http://www.scrnshots.com/>
* <http://osdpl.fluidproject.org/>
* <http://www.flickr.com/groups/uxpatterns/>
* <http://www.flickr.com/groups/uxerrors/>
* <http://www.flickr.com/groups/dailyux/>
* <http://www.flickr.com/groups/uxpatterns/> | I have about 30 sites linked from my Delicious acct: <http://delicious.com/FiveFifteen/patterns> |
4,875 | I run a Usability/UX blog, and my biggest hurdle right now is finding examples to illustrate the topics I write about (bad error messages, good implementation of tabs, bad interactions...etc)
So is there a website that has, for example, a database of categorized/tagged interface screenshots from various web sites on the web? | 2010/01/29 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/4875",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | These are the pattern repositories I find myself referring to most often:
* [Designing Interfaces](http://designinginterfaces.com/)
* [Yahoo! Design Pattern Library](http://developer.yahoo.com/ypatterns/)
* [Quince: UX Patterns Explorer](http://quince.infragistics.com/)
* [Pattern Tap](http://patterntap.com/)
* [UI Patterns](http://ui-patterns.com/)
* [Welie Interaction Design Pattern Library](http://www.welie.com/patterns/)
* [Designing Social Interfaces Wiki](http://www.designingsocialinterfaces.com/patterns.wiki/index.php?title=Main%5FPage)
It's also worth having a look at various operating system interface guidelines for inspiration:
* [Apple Human Interface Guidelines](http://developer.apple.com/Mac/library/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/AppleHIGuidelines/XHIGIntro/XHIGIntro.html)
* [Windows User Experience Interaction Guidelines](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa511258.aspx)
* [GNOME Human Interface Guidelines](http://library.gnome.org/devel/hig-book/stable/)
Finally, if you're looking for some good books on the subject, the O'Reilly "Designing Interfaces" series is a great collection of pattern libraries:
* [Designing Interfaces](http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596008031/)
* [Designing Web Interfaces](http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596516253/)
* [Designing Social Interfaces](http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596154936/)
* [Designing Gestural Interfaces](http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596518394/)
There quite a few more design pattern resources out there, but these are the resources that I've found to be the most useful. | Some suggestions on pattern libraries:
* <http://patterntap.com/>
* <http://www.welie.com/patterns/index.php>
* <http://ui-patterns.com/>
* <http://uipatternfactory.com/>
* <http://developer.yahoo.com/ypatterns/>
* <http://www.flickr.com/photos/factoryjoe/collections/72157600001823120/>
* <http://wearecolorblind.com/>
* <http://searchpatterns.org/Main_Page>
* <http://www.scrnshots.com/>
* <http://osdpl.fluidproject.org/>
* <http://www.flickr.com/groups/uxpatterns/>
* <http://www.flickr.com/groups/uxerrors/>
* <http://www.flickr.com/groups/dailyux/>
* <http://www.flickr.com/groups/uxpatterns/> |
186,723 | I'm trying to figure out the orbital characteristics of a double-planet system, kind of like Pluto and Charon, but much more equal in size.
* One planet is pretty much a perfect copy of Earth and the other planet is 20% less massive with a radius 10% smaller.
* Both planets are tidally locked to each other.
* The planets' orbits around their center-of-mass is perfectly circular and the distance between them (center-to-center of each planet) is a constant 1,000,000 km.
What would be the orbital velocity of each planet around the COM? What is the orbital period? How far even is the COM? | 2020/10/04 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/186723",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/76377/"
] | That is not stable over geological time. Systems like Pluto and Charon require one to be much more massive than the other so that their orbits don't intersect. If the masses are the same, it may take some millions of years but the planets will collide. That's because any slight perturbation in their orbit will cause one planet to go to a very slightly lower or higher orbit, changing their period, and then it is a matter of time until they catch up. Even their own geography could cause that perturbation.
Also notice that your planets are further apart from each other than Earth's [SOI](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphere_of_influence_(astrodynamics)), which is roughly 0.929 million kilometers. With a lower mass than Earth, they might not even be able to orbit a common center of mass like that if they are in the goldilocks zone of a star like our Sun. They would just orbit their parent star.
If you still wish for us to calculate orbital parameters anyway, we need to know the mass of the parent star and these planet's aphelion and perihelion. | You write:
One planet is pretty much a perfect copy of Earth and the other planet is 20% less massive with a radius 10% smaller.
So the smaller planet has 0.90 of the radius of Earth and 0.80 of the mass of Earth.
A planet with 0.9 the radius of Earth should have a volume of 0.729 the volume of Earth. If its average density was equal to that of Earth, it would have a mass of 0.729 Earth.
A planet with 0.8 the mass of Earth should have a volume of 0.8 Earth if it has the same denisty as Earth. My rough calculations indicate that a planet with a radius of 0.925 that of Earth would have a volume of 0.791453 Earth, and thus a mass of 0.791453 Earth if it has the same density as Earth.
For two planets with the same ratio of elements in their composition, the more massive planet will have a larger overall density, because its greater gravity will compress materials more.
You want a planet less massive than Earth to be a bit more dense than Earth. That can be done by increasing the proportion of denser, heavier, elements in the composition of the planet. But is the extra proportion of denser elments necessary for that overall density plausible? I don't know, I am not an expert on planetary formation.
So if the two planets formed at the same distance from their star, why would the larger planet, with almost identical mass and radius as Earth, have a lower density than the smaller planet?
Possibly the two planets formed at different distances from their star, and early processes of planetary orbital migration caused their orbits to approach and they eventually captured each other and became a double planet. Of course that seems to be a statisically very improbable event, so maybe you should adjust your figures so that the smaller planet has a similar but lesser density than the larger planet.
As I remember, *Habitable Planets for Man*, stephen H. Dole, 1964, has a table and possibly a formula for calculated the radius and density of an Earth like planet of a specified mass.
[https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/commercial\_books/2007/RAND\_CB179-1.pdf[1]](https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/commercial_books/2007/RAND_CB179-1.pdf%5B1%5D)
And it gives a formula for the average density of a rocky planet calculated from its average surface density and its radius. And of course multiplying the average density of a planet by its volume (calculated from its radius) will give its mass. And there is also a figure on page 30s howing the relationship between the radius of a planet relative to Earth and the planet's average density.
Of course today there are now more precise values known for the masses of Venus and Mercury, and the Dwarf planet Ceres. There are also rather precise values known for the masses, radii, and average densities of the larger moons of Jupiter, saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, but those bodies are likely to be partially made of ice, and so should have much lower densities than the the Earth-like objects in the solar system.
The separation of the two planets at 1,000,000 kilometers.
>
> The Hill sphere or Roche sphere of an astronomical body is the region in which it dominates the attraction of satellites. The outer shell of that region constitutes a zero-velocity surface. To be retained by a planet, a moon must have an orbit that lies within the planet's Hill sphere. That moon would, in turn, have a Hill sphere of its own. Any object within that distance would tend to become a satellite of the moon, rather than of the planet itself. One simple view of the extent of the Solar System is the Hill sphere of the Sun with respect to local stars and the galactic nucleus.[1](https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/commercial_books/2007/RAND_CB179-1.pdf)
>
>
> In the Earth-Sun example, the Earth (5.97×1024 kg) orbits the Sun (1.99×1030 kg) at a distance of 149.6 million km, or one astronomical unit (AU). The Hill sphere for Earth thus extends out to about 1.5 million km (0.01 AU). The Moon's orbit, at a distance of 0.384 million km from Earth, is comfortably within the gravitational sphere of influence of Earth and it is therefore not at risk of being pulled into an independent orbit around the Sun. All stable satellites of the Earth (those within the Earth's Hill sphere) must have an orbital period shorter than seven months.
>
>
>
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill\_sphere[2]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_sphere%5B2%5D)
>
> The Hill sphere is only an approximation, and other forces (such as radiation pressure or the Yarkovsky effect) can eventually perturb an object out of the sphere. This third object should also be of small enough mass that it introduces no additional complications through its own gravity. Detailed numerical calculations show that orbits at or just within the Hill sphere are not stable in the long term; it appears that stable satellite orbits exist only inside 1/2 to 1/3 of the Hill radius. The region of stability for retrograde orbits at a large distance from the primary is larger than the region for prograde orbits at a large distance from the primary. This was thought to explain the preponderance of retrograde moons around Jupiter; however, Saturn has a more even mix of retrograde/prograde moons so the reasons are more complicated.[3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_sphere#True_region_of_stability)
>
>
>
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill\_sphere#True\_region\_of\_stability[3]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_sphere#True_region_of_stability%5B3%5D)
So the Earth's true region of stability for satellite orbits only extends to about 500,000 or 750,000 kilometers. Thus it seems unlikely that two Earth like planets with a total mass of less than two times that of the Earth could have stable orbits around each other at a distance of 1,000,000 kilometers. |
439,598 | We have a robot, and it has 32 digital output, fed into a homemade PCB.
On the PCB we have optocouplers, which have a forward voltage around 1.2-1.3V.
So I need to drop the voltage a lot. That's why I use resistors. See the following schematic. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/OJSfP.png)
The output of the optocoupler is connected to an I/O expanderm and when the 24V circuit is closed the pin of the I/O expander is pulled to ground. It works great.
One problem: R2 needs to dissipate 0.25W, times 32 outputs is 8W in heat.
And that is a bit too much. So I'm looking for other ways to make the same schematic but a bit more efficient.
I came up with the following idea:
The 24 V will switch the transistor and turn on led2.
In total the circuits pulls 135.46 mW, that is 80% better than the first idea.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/uAA20.png)
Is there even a better way do this? | 2019/05/21 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/439598",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/216106/"
] | Try a more efficient optoisolator. FOD817 for example only need 1mA <https://www.onsemi.com/pub/Collateral/FOD814-D.PDF> (24V - 1.2V)/.001 = 22.8K resistor, dissipating just 0.023W | If optical isolation is not necessary, you can do this:
[simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2fvR6ti.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/)
The resistor divider will give 4.8 V out when the switch is closed. That's a logic high.
When switch is open, the GPIO is pulled LOW through 100 K resistor.
Power dissipation = 24\*24/500000 = 1.152 mW per channel
For 32 channels, total power dissipation = 36.864 mW |
36,863,822 | I'm writing a system for a 3D game that allows the camera to travel between a network of nodes.
In my project, I've written a class which represents a node. Unlike a binary node class, each node can only have one parent node, but is allowed to have any number of children.
Using my *truly amazing* paint skills, I've developed an image which represents a network of these nodes:
In this example, the "root node" is red, the yellow path is the shortest, and the blue path is the longest.
The important thing to note here is that the actual ***number of child nodes don't matter***, but rather, the *added length of the paths* between them. Because of this, heuristics shouldn't be necessary in calculating the shortest path, because the shortest path will have the smallest combined length.
So how would you write a recursive function to traverse this tree, and return the shortest path?
---
Update
------
As amazing as my paint skills were, I feel that it doesn't fully illustrate my problem, and perhaps requires a more detailed explanation...
First of all, this is for a camera system in 3D world space. The world will be filled with a bunch of these nodes, and the camera will be placed on one of them. The player is allowed to look in any direction, but cannot move without clicking the mouse in a given direction. Once a click event occurs, a raycast is shot out in the direction he is facing, retrieving a list of nodes between him and `X` distance away from him. The objective here is to find the furthest node connected to his, and then the shortest path to get there...
So the first problem is actually checking if the furthest "hit" node is actually reachable faster than, say, the next closest "hit" node. It's possible that the furthest node might contain a path that is actually *longer* than the node directly in front of it, so I would also need some way of checking this. So there is a goal in mind, but the goal *could* change to a slightly closer node, making things all the more complicated.
And yes, while nodes may only have one parent (as stated above), this "tree" should actually be traversable in any direction, from any node in the network, treating the node the player is currently at as the "root" node. | 2016/04/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/36863822",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1500110/"
] | A Dijkstras Algorithm will fix it for you. You would need to feed your system the graph: How many Nodes, Who are the Neighbors of every Node, Weights of every connection.. etc. Just look it up. I did this a while ago and it worked like a charm. It finds the shortest path between ANY two nodes and if you tune it a little bit (I had to tune what I found onlien back then), it tells what are the nodes/path to follow. I missed the the paint skills however
Some Implementation Versions [**HERE**](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-most-simple-efficient-C++-code-for-Dijkstras-shortest-path-algorithm) | I guess you want to represent your 3d world is a graph of accessible points in space. Forget about trees, they are just special cases of graphs.
Then look into Dijkstra's algorithm. If you need to make it more efficient look into A\* which is an improvement over Dijkstra's. |
79,897 | Given a small website hosted on a small data plan, is it possible for someone to keep doing requesting for my website URL or just an image hosted on my website that will consume all my permitted traffic and make the host eventually close access to the website?
Or do hosts have a mechanism to defend against this? | 2015/01/23 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/79897",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/66896/"
] | Probably the answer to your question is yes.
Mainly because it is a application layer attack, for which there seems to be less protection against these days.
For instance if someone uses a distributed approach (DDoS) to request your site, it would come of as many legitimate users (at least if they follow some kind of natural pattern).
There might be some countermeasures in place to detect typical DoS attacks as they could be the instance of one IP repeatedly fetching the same image. But I would not count on it as it is an application layer attack as opposed to other more classical DoS attacks that attempt to flood the victim with multiple types of traffic using amplification techniques on protocol-level such as NTP (network-time protocol) amplification, SSDP (Simple Service Discovery Protocol) amplification, SYN Flood, and more recently mssql amplification.
A nice article on layer 7 DDoS attacks might be read here: <http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/layer-7-ddos-attacks-detection-mitigation/> where they walk you through it and suggest some mitigation approaches. | You probably can see logs about visits to your website. They should show what is going on. If you don't know where to find them, ask your provider. Maybe you have Direct Admin or Plesk as admin panel, and then you can see logs there.
It could very well be that you have one image hosted that is shown on another website. If that website gets a lot of traffic, the result is that the specific image is served many times. This is not an attack, but simple use or abuse. The webserver (normally Apache) has a setting not to serve images to third party websites. That would prevent this from happening. |
79,897 | Given a small website hosted on a small data plan, is it possible for someone to keep doing requesting for my website URL or just an image hosted on my website that will consume all my permitted traffic and make the host eventually close access to the website?
Or do hosts have a mechanism to defend against this? | 2015/01/23 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/79897",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/66896/"
] | This kind of DoS attack it actually very easy to carry on and it could be as simple or as sophisticated as it get: it can be a simple as a [wget](https://www.gnu.org/software/wget/) scripted loop, a spam campain using images hosted on your server, etc.
It is usually very easy to carry out because the resource attacked is usually quite small and can easily be completely consumed in a short time, even with limited bandwidth.
Note also that it can also happen without anyone deliberately attacking you: having a resource hosted on your site growing in popularity unexpectedly will have the same result (see [slashdot effect](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slashdot_effect) some something similar).
Defending against this is actually rather easy, at least for everything that is static content (usually most of your site): you put a [content delivery network](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_delivery_network) in front of your web site and they will reduce drastically the effect of such attack against your site (many also offer other services too and they come in all kind of prices from free to awfully expensive). | Probably the answer to your question is yes.
Mainly because it is a application layer attack, for which there seems to be less protection against these days.
For instance if someone uses a distributed approach (DDoS) to request your site, it would come of as many legitimate users (at least if they follow some kind of natural pattern).
There might be some countermeasures in place to detect typical DoS attacks as they could be the instance of one IP repeatedly fetching the same image. But I would not count on it as it is an application layer attack as opposed to other more classical DoS attacks that attempt to flood the victim with multiple types of traffic using amplification techniques on protocol-level such as NTP (network-time protocol) amplification, SSDP (Simple Service Discovery Protocol) amplification, SYN Flood, and more recently mssql amplification.
A nice article on layer 7 DDoS attacks might be read here: <http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/layer-7-ddos-attacks-detection-mitigation/> where they walk you through it and suggest some mitigation approaches. |
79,897 | Given a small website hosted on a small data plan, is it possible for someone to keep doing requesting for my website URL or just an image hosted on my website that will consume all my permitted traffic and make the host eventually close access to the website?
Or do hosts have a mechanism to defend against this? | 2015/01/23 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/79897",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/66896/"
] | This kind of DoS attack it actually very easy to carry on and it could be as simple or as sophisticated as it get: it can be a simple as a [wget](https://www.gnu.org/software/wget/) scripted loop, a spam campain using images hosted on your server, etc.
It is usually very easy to carry out because the resource attacked is usually quite small and can easily be completely consumed in a short time, even with limited bandwidth.
Note also that it can also happen without anyone deliberately attacking you: having a resource hosted on your site growing in popularity unexpectedly will have the same result (see [slashdot effect](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slashdot_effect) some something similar).
Defending against this is actually rather easy, at least for everything that is static content (usually most of your site): you put a [content delivery network](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_delivery_network) in front of your web site and they will reduce drastically the effect of such attack against your site (many also offer other services too and they come in all kind of prices from free to awfully expensive). | You probably can see logs about visits to your website. They should show what is going on. If you don't know where to find them, ask your provider. Maybe you have Direct Admin or Plesk as admin panel, and then you can see logs there.
It could very well be that you have one image hosted that is shown on another website. If that website gets a lot of traffic, the result is that the specific image is served many times. This is not an attack, but simple use or abuse. The webserver (normally Apache) has a setting not to serve images to third party websites. That would prevent this from happening. |
279,740 | I have graduated and my employer does not provide access to journals.
I don't mind paying, but I cannot afford subscribing directly.
Are there public mathematics associations that provide members with access to the most common mathematical journals? | 2017/08/28 | [
"https://mathoverflow.net/questions/279740",
"https://mathoverflow.net",
"https://mathoverflow.net/users/113899/"
] | Yes, there are public associations that provide some access to published articles, but it would be difficult to give more details without knowing your location and field of research.
Note that many research institutes have a status of associated/invited researchers, which does not grant a salary but permits access to some of the facilities of the laboratory, e.g. email, servers, library and such. | Often the author has a web page on which he or she posts papers, e.g., T. Tao.
Another possible source is Archiv. |
279,740 | I have graduated and my employer does not provide access to journals.
I don't mind paying, but I cannot afford subscribing directly.
Are there public mathematics associations that provide members with access to the most common mathematical journals? | 2017/08/28 | [
"https://mathoverflow.net/questions/279740",
"https://mathoverflow.net",
"https://mathoverflow.net/users/113899/"
] | What I did to continue having access to articles, even tho I am no longer affiliated with my *alma mater*, was to apply for an alumnus ID (lifetime membership in my case!) that allows me to make at most three free(!) trips to the university library a month. I then keep a running list of articles I want to read as I encounter them (e.g. on MO or anywhere else on the Internet), and then take this list whenever I go paper-chasing in the university library. In there, they allow you to print online journals or photocopy paper journals for a very nominal fee. (It also helped in my case that I was good friends with the librarians even before I graduated.)
I've figured at this point that the price I paid for my alumnus ID, altho relatively a rather substantial sum, is way much less than the sum of the cost of all the articles I have, if I had directly paid the publishers for them.
You might want to look for a similar deal in your libraries. | Often the author has a web page on which he or she posts papers, e.g., T. Tao.
Another possible source is Archiv. |
165,781 | The purpose of this question is to get an alien race with a diffused set of organs, which makes any part of their body interchangeable. Why would a species need this? Well for one it might be because they are prone to injury due to the wildlife of their planet. Just like us they make us of tools and have formed a civilization. The main difference between them and us is that they are more similar to jellyfish or starfish in biology. They are capable of regenerating far better than us humans but are also flimsy and soft.
**How do they work? What are the advantages and disadvantages of their biology?**
Their natural form is a mass of tentacles but after making contact with humans they found it enjoyable to mimic the human form (some kind of trend), although their walk if more of a clumsy wobble. They are mute so humans communicate with them using sign language and writing instead. So far in the story everything is well and good until scientists grab a deceased one for dissection, which is why I need this information.
If the question needs refining go ahead and point out what is lacking and editing shall ensue. | 2020/01/16 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/165781",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | **Not Possible**
I really don't want to say this, because the concept of an alien able to do this is pretty cool. Not to mention the obvious upside that they'd be able to lose body parts with no negative effects. However, you're asking for a reality-check, and in reality? Not a chance.
It's not even that you're underestimating just how good specialization is - it's also that organs have far too much to do. Let's go through a list of some major organs: Heart, lungs, brain, liver, kidneys, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, bladder, muscles, gonads, spleen, pituitary gland, thyroid gland... etc. The list goes on. [A lot.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_organs_of_the_human_body)
What you're asking is basically, 'How do I make an alien which can have any organ do the work of any other organ'? and the only possible answer is *simplify*. Notice that you compare these aliens to jellyfish, which falls on the 'incredibly simple' end of the spectrum. It doesn't even have a nervous system - that's the kind of thing you're looking at, something which doesn't require complex things to be done to function. You can't have an organ that can purify blood, or sometimes just pump blood, or have the ability to oxidate blood, or occasionally be responsible for controlling hormones.
True, alien biology might be different. But there's a list of things they need to do. They need some way of producing energy, they need some way of circulating that energy throughout their body, they need a waster to remove their own waste products, they need the ability to move, and they'll need the ability to regulate homeostasis. And these aren't simple things, especially at the level of complexity that would be required to produce a creature with the cognitive capacity of human being. Admittedly, it'd be really cool to have an alien creature which is reminiscent of [Sergeant Schlock](https://schlockmercenary.fandom.com/wiki/Schlock), but I'm afraid that, in reality, it's just not possible. | **This is unlikely to work unless...**
I may be wrong in how I interpret your meaning of diffused organs, but I gather this as meaning that the organs are completely free floating and rely on diffusion to supply the body. The reason this is unlikely to work is because specialized tissues and organs rely on being able to be supplied specific inputs and produce specific outputs. In a diffused body layout you lose the ability for the alien to ensure these inputs and outputs get where they are needed. Let's take an example of a few systems and how they lose their ability to function properly without strictly controlling the system.
Digestive system
Imagine you go to eat something and as soon as you swallow your food starts free floating around your body. This is problematic for your stomach as it would be difficult to absorb the large chunks of food or drink and later release it again without accidentally releasing digestive acids and enzymes.
Circulatory system
Without having a looping track of veins and arteries it becomes incredibly unlikely that an organism is able to guarantee a consistent supply of blood and nutrients to each of their cells as it becomes more and more likely for the lack of flow to isolate cells further away from the lungs, heart and intestines.
**Now for the unless part.**
If your alien species has managed to create an extremely flexible, elastic and quick to repair connective tissue that could connect the organs regardless of how far away they floated from each other it would become possibly viable. This is a challenging feat however, being able to stretch and lengthen without constricting would be vital to avoid loss of blood pressure or blockages. It would also need to be able to quickly repair and have knowledge of what it was connected to in the case it gets severed, I think this would be the most alien and as such is beyond what I can suggest.
alternatively, as a frame challenge, while you mention the aliens mimic the human form you never mention their size. The smaller the aliens are the less important it is to have specialized cells performing dedicated tasks, as such it may be **your alien mimics the human body while being a single celled organism!** |
165,781 | The purpose of this question is to get an alien race with a diffused set of organs, which makes any part of their body interchangeable. Why would a species need this? Well for one it might be because they are prone to injury due to the wildlife of their planet. Just like us they make us of tools and have formed a civilization. The main difference between them and us is that they are more similar to jellyfish or starfish in biology. They are capable of regenerating far better than us humans but are also flimsy and soft.
**How do they work? What are the advantages and disadvantages of their biology?**
Their natural form is a mass of tentacles but after making contact with humans they found it enjoyable to mimic the human form (some kind of trend), although their walk if more of a clumsy wobble. They are mute so humans communicate with them using sign language and writing instead. So far in the story everything is well and good until scientists grab a deceased one for dissection, which is why I need this information.
If the question needs refining go ahead and point out what is lacking and editing shall ensue. | 2020/01/16 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/165781",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Having no organs would not be viable.
But have *many* very *small* organs might be. Though it is still very challenging. It's just not very efficient to spread organs out in this fashion.
Instead of a central nervous system they might have clusters of nerves all over their bodies. This might be backed up with chemical retention of memory. So if such a critter got chopped in half, each half could grow back the nervous system and use the chemical backup to restore memory.
So instead of a heart, they might have a large number of little pumping stations. Possibly this consists of specialized muscles combined with valves in blood vessels. Instead of lungs they might have many small breathing tubes to many small gas-exchanging structures distributed through their bodies. Instead of kidneys they might have a large number of small filtering structures, each with a duct to the surface. It might make their sweat quite noxious. Instead of a pancreas they might have little secreting bodies distributed over the body.
To eat they might excrete some digestive chemical on their food, then reabsorb the results. Again, it might happen through many small ducted glands near the surface.
Having the lungs, kidneys, and digestion act in this fashion would probably put very harsh limits on how big this critter could be. The old cube-square ratio gets troublesome very quickly. Double the average size of an object, you make the volume go up by 2 x 2 x 2 = 8. But the surface area only goes up by 4. So quickly, the space available for breathing and excreting waste becomes insufficient. This might be in line with them starting out as mostly "tentacles." A long tubular critter can escape the cube-square by staying the same thickness and getting longer.
They could have many little "eye pits" that detected light only in one direction. They would need some very good [proprioception.](https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/proprioception) Then, by combining their proprioception with the view from many of these pits, they could build an image. This is yet another competing factor for their limited skin surface. | **Not Possible**
I really don't want to say this, because the concept of an alien able to do this is pretty cool. Not to mention the obvious upside that they'd be able to lose body parts with no negative effects. However, you're asking for a reality-check, and in reality? Not a chance.
It's not even that you're underestimating just how good specialization is - it's also that organs have far too much to do. Let's go through a list of some major organs: Heart, lungs, brain, liver, kidneys, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, bladder, muscles, gonads, spleen, pituitary gland, thyroid gland... etc. The list goes on. [A lot.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_organs_of_the_human_body)
What you're asking is basically, 'How do I make an alien which can have any organ do the work of any other organ'? and the only possible answer is *simplify*. Notice that you compare these aliens to jellyfish, which falls on the 'incredibly simple' end of the spectrum. It doesn't even have a nervous system - that's the kind of thing you're looking at, something which doesn't require complex things to be done to function. You can't have an organ that can purify blood, or sometimes just pump blood, or have the ability to oxidate blood, or occasionally be responsible for controlling hormones.
True, alien biology might be different. But there's a list of things they need to do. They need some way of producing energy, they need some way of circulating that energy throughout their body, they need a waster to remove their own waste products, they need the ability to move, and they'll need the ability to regulate homeostasis. And these aren't simple things, especially at the level of complexity that would be required to produce a creature with the cognitive capacity of human being. Admittedly, it'd be really cool to have an alien creature which is reminiscent of [Sergeant Schlock](https://schlockmercenary.fandom.com/wiki/Schlock), but I'm afraid that, in reality, it's just not possible. |
165,781 | The purpose of this question is to get an alien race with a diffused set of organs, which makes any part of their body interchangeable. Why would a species need this? Well for one it might be because they are prone to injury due to the wildlife of their planet. Just like us they make us of tools and have formed a civilization. The main difference between them and us is that they are more similar to jellyfish or starfish in biology. They are capable of regenerating far better than us humans but are also flimsy and soft.
**How do they work? What are the advantages and disadvantages of their biology?**
Their natural form is a mass of tentacles but after making contact with humans they found it enjoyable to mimic the human form (some kind of trend), although their walk if more of a clumsy wobble. They are mute so humans communicate with them using sign language and writing instead. So far in the story everything is well and good until scientists grab a deceased one for dissection, which is why I need this information.
If the question needs refining go ahead and point out what is lacking and editing shall ensue. | 2020/01/16 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/165781",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | The only way I can think of this working is if the biological cells themselves of the aliens could rearrange and adapt rapidly enough to form new organs based on what was needed. I think of [kandras](https://coppermind.net/wiki/Kandra). Whether it's possible for all (or most) of the cells in an alien body to function as rapidly adapting stem cells is beyond my knowledge of science, but I think differentiating cells is the only way this could work. | **This is unlikely to work unless...**
I may be wrong in how I interpret your meaning of diffused organs, but I gather this as meaning that the organs are completely free floating and rely on diffusion to supply the body. The reason this is unlikely to work is because specialized tissues and organs rely on being able to be supplied specific inputs and produce specific outputs. In a diffused body layout you lose the ability for the alien to ensure these inputs and outputs get where they are needed. Let's take an example of a few systems and how they lose their ability to function properly without strictly controlling the system.
Digestive system
Imagine you go to eat something and as soon as you swallow your food starts free floating around your body. This is problematic for your stomach as it would be difficult to absorb the large chunks of food or drink and later release it again without accidentally releasing digestive acids and enzymes.
Circulatory system
Without having a looping track of veins and arteries it becomes incredibly unlikely that an organism is able to guarantee a consistent supply of blood and nutrients to each of their cells as it becomes more and more likely for the lack of flow to isolate cells further away from the lungs, heart and intestines.
**Now for the unless part.**
If your alien species has managed to create an extremely flexible, elastic and quick to repair connective tissue that could connect the organs regardless of how far away they floated from each other it would become possibly viable. This is a challenging feat however, being able to stretch and lengthen without constricting would be vital to avoid loss of blood pressure or blockages. It would also need to be able to quickly repair and have knowledge of what it was connected to in the case it gets severed, I think this would be the most alien and as such is beyond what I can suggest.
alternatively, as a frame challenge, while you mention the aliens mimic the human form you never mention their size. The smaller the aliens are the less important it is to have specialized cells performing dedicated tasks, as such it may be **your alien mimics the human body while being a single celled organism!** |
165,781 | The purpose of this question is to get an alien race with a diffused set of organs, which makes any part of their body interchangeable. Why would a species need this? Well for one it might be because they are prone to injury due to the wildlife of their planet. Just like us they make us of tools and have formed a civilization. The main difference between them and us is that they are more similar to jellyfish or starfish in biology. They are capable of regenerating far better than us humans but are also flimsy and soft.
**How do they work? What are the advantages and disadvantages of their biology?**
Their natural form is a mass of tentacles but after making contact with humans they found it enjoyable to mimic the human form (some kind of trend), although their walk if more of a clumsy wobble. They are mute so humans communicate with them using sign language and writing instead. So far in the story everything is well and good until scientists grab a deceased one for dissection, which is why I need this information.
If the question needs refining go ahead and point out what is lacking and editing shall ensue. | 2020/01/16 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/165781",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Having no organs would not be viable.
But have *many* very *small* organs might be. Though it is still very challenging. It's just not very efficient to spread organs out in this fashion.
Instead of a central nervous system they might have clusters of nerves all over their bodies. This might be backed up with chemical retention of memory. So if such a critter got chopped in half, each half could grow back the nervous system and use the chemical backup to restore memory.
So instead of a heart, they might have a large number of little pumping stations. Possibly this consists of specialized muscles combined with valves in blood vessels. Instead of lungs they might have many small breathing tubes to many small gas-exchanging structures distributed through their bodies. Instead of kidneys they might have a large number of small filtering structures, each with a duct to the surface. It might make their sweat quite noxious. Instead of a pancreas they might have little secreting bodies distributed over the body.
To eat they might excrete some digestive chemical on their food, then reabsorb the results. Again, it might happen through many small ducted glands near the surface.
Having the lungs, kidneys, and digestion act in this fashion would probably put very harsh limits on how big this critter could be. The old cube-square ratio gets troublesome very quickly. Double the average size of an object, you make the volume go up by 2 x 2 x 2 = 8. But the surface area only goes up by 4. So quickly, the space available for breathing and excreting waste becomes insufficient. This might be in line with them starting out as mostly "tentacles." A long tubular critter can escape the cube-square by staying the same thickness and getting longer.
They could have many little "eye pits" that detected light only in one direction. They would need some very good [proprioception.](https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/proprioception) Then, by combining their proprioception with the view from many of these pits, they could build an image. This is yet another competing factor for their limited skin surface. | The only way I can think of this working is if the biological cells themselves of the aliens could rearrange and adapt rapidly enough to form new organs based on what was needed. I think of [kandras](https://coppermind.net/wiki/Kandra). Whether it's possible for all (or most) of the cells in an alien body to function as rapidly adapting stem cells is beyond my knowledge of science, but I think differentiating cells is the only way this could work. |
165,781 | The purpose of this question is to get an alien race with a diffused set of organs, which makes any part of their body interchangeable. Why would a species need this? Well for one it might be because they are prone to injury due to the wildlife of their planet. Just like us they make us of tools and have formed a civilization. The main difference between them and us is that they are more similar to jellyfish or starfish in biology. They are capable of regenerating far better than us humans but are also flimsy and soft.
**How do they work? What are the advantages and disadvantages of their biology?**
Their natural form is a mass of tentacles but after making contact with humans they found it enjoyable to mimic the human form (some kind of trend), although their walk if more of a clumsy wobble. They are mute so humans communicate with them using sign language and writing instead. So far in the story everything is well and good until scientists grab a deceased one for dissection, which is why I need this information.
If the question needs refining go ahead and point out what is lacking and editing shall ensue. | 2020/01/16 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/165781",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Having no organs would not be viable.
But have *many* very *small* organs might be. Though it is still very challenging. It's just not very efficient to spread organs out in this fashion.
Instead of a central nervous system they might have clusters of nerves all over their bodies. This might be backed up with chemical retention of memory. So if such a critter got chopped in half, each half could grow back the nervous system and use the chemical backup to restore memory.
So instead of a heart, they might have a large number of little pumping stations. Possibly this consists of specialized muscles combined with valves in blood vessels. Instead of lungs they might have many small breathing tubes to many small gas-exchanging structures distributed through their bodies. Instead of kidneys they might have a large number of small filtering structures, each with a duct to the surface. It might make their sweat quite noxious. Instead of a pancreas they might have little secreting bodies distributed over the body.
To eat they might excrete some digestive chemical on their food, then reabsorb the results. Again, it might happen through many small ducted glands near the surface.
Having the lungs, kidneys, and digestion act in this fashion would probably put very harsh limits on how big this critter could be. The old cube-square ratio gets troublesome very quickly. Double the average size of an object, you make the volume go up by 2 x 2 x 2 = 8. But the surface area only goes up by 4. So quickly, the space available for breathing and excreting waste becomes insufficient. This might be in line with them starting out as mostly "tentacles." A long tubular critter can escape the cube-square by staying the same thickness and getting longer.
They could have many little "eye pits" that detected light only in one direction. They would need some very good [proprioception.](https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/proprioception) Then, by combining their proprioception with the view from many of these pits, they could build an image. This is yet another competing factor for their limited skin surface. | **This is unlikely to work unless...**
I may be wrong in how I interpret your meaning of diffused organs, but I gather this as meaning that the organs are completely free floating and rely on diffusion to supply the body. The reason this is unlikely to work is because specialized tissues and organs rely on being able to be supplied specific inputs and produce specific outputs. In a diffused body layout you lose the ability for the alien to ensure these inputs and outputs get where they are needed. Let's take an example of a few systems and how they lose their ability to function properly without strictly controlling the system.
Digestive system
Imagine you go to eat something and as soon as you swallow your food starts free floating around your body. This is problematic for your stomach as it would be difficult to absorb the large chunks of food or drink and later release it again without accidentally releasing digestive acids and enzymes.
Circulatory system
Without having a looping track of veins and arteries it becomes incredibly unlikely that an organism is able to guarantee a consistent supply of blood and nutrients to each of their cells as it becomes more and more likely for the lack of flow to isolate cells further away from the lungs, heart and intestines.
**Now for the unless part.**
If your alien species has managed to create an extremely flexible, elastic and quick to repair connective tissue that could connect the organs regardless of how far away they floated from each other it would become possibly viable. This is a challenging feat however, being able to stretch and lengthen without constricting would be vital to avoid loss of blood pressure or blockages. It would also need to be able to quickly repair and have knowledge of what it was connected to in the case it gets severed, I think this would be the most alien and as such is beyond what I can suggest.
alternatively, as a frame challenge, while you mention the aliens mimic the human form you never mention their size. The smaller the aliens are the less important it is to have specialized cells performing dedicated tasks, as such it may be **your alien mimics the human body while being a single celled organism!** |
493,702 | It's quite common to have a form with a checkbox stating "Use foo" immediately followed by a textbox where the user can input the "foo value" he want's to use. Of course, this textbox is useful only if "Use foo" is checked
I don't know the best way to deal with this situation :
1. Disable the textbox (ie textboxfoo.Enabled=false;)
2. Hide it (ie textboxfoo.Visible=false;)
3. Let the user input a foo value if he wants to, and ignore the value he entered.
Is there a best practice that I can follow ? | 2009/01/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/493702",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/47341/"
] | Clearly disabling the text box is favoured because the user still has a visual clue as to what "Foo" will enable them to do.
But about what about the "More options >>" / "<< Less options" panel that opens up or closes as "Foo" is checked/uncheck? To much work, from the developer's perspective, and/or too much fiddling, from the user's perspective? Myself, I like the way it cleans up the interface, given that the defaults for "Foo" (when hidden) are appropriate.
(Having said that, I don't use that everywhere. Moderation in all good things.) | Another option would be to let the enter input some data if he wants too, but to auto-check the foo checkbox if he starts typing into the foo textbox. |
493,702 | It's quite common to have a form with a checkbox stating "Use foo" immediately followed by a textbox where the user can input the "foo value" he want's to use. Of course, this textbox is useful only if "Use foo" is checked
I don't know the best way to deal with this situation :
1. Disable the textbox (ie textboxfoo.Enabled=false;)
2. Hide it (ie textboxfoo.Visible=false;)
3. Let the user input a foo value if he wants to, and ignore the value he entered.
Is there a best practice that I can follow ? | 2009/01/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/493702",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/47341/"
] | The textbox should be disabled.
If the textbox is hidden, then the visible alteration of the form will make the program less user-friendly. An example of this is the old (very unpopular) disappearing menu items that used to be in Microsoft Office. People don't want things moving around on their screens. It's disorienting.
If the user is permitted to input a useless value, then that gives the false impression that entering the value has some effect. | Disable the textbox
With the textbox hidden the user may skip over the option "Use Foo" since it won't be clear to them how they will or should define "foo". With the textbox visible but disabled the user will recognize that they can define "foo" once they say they want to use it. |
493,702 | It's quite common to have a form with a checkbox stating "Use foo" immediately followed by a textbox where the user can input the "foo value" he want's to use. Of course, this textbox is useful only if "Use foo" is checked
I don't know the best way to deal with this situation :
1. Disable the textbox (ie textboxfoo.Enabled=false;)
2. Hide it (ie textboxfoo.Visible=false;)
3. Let the user input a foo value if he wants to, and ignore the value he entered.
Is there a best practice that I can follow ? | 2009/01/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/493702",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/47341/"
] | Disabling the text box is the best option in this case. The fact that the text box is enabled/disabled as the checkbox is checked/unchecked provides useful feedback to the user: the use foo option expects a foo value, and the foo value is only meaningful if the use foo option is selected.
Hiding the text box is less satisfactory - if the box isn't checked, the user won't realize that enabling the foo option will allow them to specify the foo value. Imagine them thinking to themselves: "I'd better not select the use foo option, as I have no idea what foo value will be used."
The third option is the worst, since doesn't indicate that the entered value will be ignored. | Disable the textbox
With the textbox hidden the user may skip over the option "Use Foo" since it won't be clear to them how they will or should define "foo". With the textbox visible but disabled the user will recognize that they can define "foo" once they say they want to use it. |
493,702 | It's quite common to have a form with a checkbox stating "Use foo" immediately followed by a textbox where the user can input the "foo value" he want's to use. Of course, this textbox is useful only if "Use foo" is checked
I don't know the best way to deal with this situation :
1. Disable the textbox (ie textboxfoo.Enabled=false;)
2. Hide it (ie textboxfoo.Visible=false;)
3. Let the user input a foo value if he wants to, and ignore the value he entered.
Is there a best practice that I can follow ? | 2009/01/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/493702",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/47341/"
] | Disabling the text box is the best option in this case. The fact that the text box is enabled/disabled as the checkbox is checked/unchecked provides useful feedback to the user: the use foo option expects a foo value, and the foo value is only meaningful if the use foo option is selected.
Hiding the text box is less satisfactory - if the box isn't checked, the user won't realize that enabling the foo option will allow them to specify the foo value. Imagine them thinking to themselves: "I'd better not select the use foo option, as I have no idea what foo value will be used."
The third option is the worst, since doesn't indicate that the entered value will be ignored. | Another option would be to let the enter input some data if he wants too, but to auto-check the foo checkbox if he starts typing into the foo textbox. |
493,702 | It's quite common to have a form with a checkbox stating "Use foo" immediately followed by a textbox where the user can input the "foo value" he want's to use. Of course, this textbox is useful only if "Use foo" is checked
I don't know the best way to deal with this situation :
1. Disable the textbox (ie textboxfoo.Enabled=false;)
2. Hide it (ie textboxfoo.Visible=false;)
3. Let the user input a foo value if he wants to, and ignore the value he entered.
Is there a best practice that I can follow ? | 2009/01/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/493702",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/47341/"
] | Disabling the text box is the best option in this case. The fact that the text box is enabled/disabled as the checkbox is checked/unchecked provides useful feedback to the user: the use foo option expects a foo value, and the foo value is only meaningful if the use foo option is selected.
Hiding the text box is less satisfactory - if the box isn't checked, the user won't realize that enabling the foo option will allow them to specify the foo value. Imagine them thinking to themselves: "I'd better not select the use foo option, as I have no idea what foo value will be used."
The third option is the worst, since doesn't indicate that the entered value will be ignored. | Disable the text box.
It makes it clear to user that there is an option that happens to be unavailable.
Hiding it will sometimes get a user response of "Where did my box go". |
493,702 | It's quite common to have a form with a checkbox stating "Use foo" immediately followed by a textbox where the user can input the "foo value" he want's to use. Of course, this textbox is useful only if "Use foo" is checked
I don't know the best way to deal with this situation :
1. Disable the textbox (ie textboxfoo.Enabled=false;)
2. Hide it (ie textboxfoo.Visible=false;)
3. Let the user input a foo value if he wants to, and ignore the value he entered.
Is there a best practice that I can follow ? | 2009/01/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/493702",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/47341/"
] | Disable the textbox
With the textbox hidden the user may skip over the option "Use Foo" since it won't be clear to them how they will or should define "foo". With the textbox visible but disabled the user will recognize that they can define "foo" once they say they want to use it. | Another option would be to let the enter input some data if he wants too, but to auto-check the foo checkbox if he starts typing into the foo textbox. |
493,702 | It's quite common to have a form with a checkbox stating "Use foo" immediately followed by a textbox where the user can input the "foo value" he want's to use. Of course, this textbox is useful only if "Use foo" is checked
I don't know the best way to deal with this situation :
1. Disable the textbox (ie textboxfoo.Enabled=false;)
2. Hide it (ie textboxfoo.Visible=false;)
3. Let the user input a foo value if he wants to, and ignore the value he entered.
Is there a best practice that I can follow ? | 2009/01/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/493702",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/47341/"
] | Disable the textbox
With the textbox hidden the user may skip over the option "Use Foo" since it won't be clear to them how they will or should define "foo". With the textbox visible but disabled the user will recognize that they can define "foo" once they say they want to use it. | I favour disabling over hiding, if only because it avoids unnecessary white space on your dialog. |
493,702 | It's quite common to have a form with a checkbox stating "Use foo" immediately followed by a textbox where the user can input the "foo value" he want's to use. Of course, this textbox is useful only if "Use foo" is checked
I don't know the best way to deal with this situation :
1. Disable the textbox (ie textboxfoo.Enabled=false;)
2. Hide it (ie textboxfoo.Visible=false;)
3. Let the user input a foo value if he wants to, and ignore the value he entered.
Is there a best practice that I can follow ? | 2009/01/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/493702",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/47341/"
] | The textbox should be disabled.
If the textbox is hidden, then the visible alteration of the form will make the program less user-friendly. An example of this is the old (very unpopular) disappearing menu items that used to be in Microsoft Office. People don't want things moving around on their screens. It's disorienting.
If the user is permitted to input a useless value, then that gives the false impression that entering the value has some effect. | Clearly disabling the text box is favoured because the user still has a visual clue as to what "Foo" will enable them to do.
But about what about the "More options >>" / "<< Less options" panel that opens up or closes as "Foo" is checked/uncheck? To much work, from the developer's perspective, and/or too much fiddling, from the user's perspective? Myself, I like the way it cleans up the interface, given that the defaults for "Foo" (when hidden) are appropriate.
(Having said that, I don't use that everywhere. Moderation in all good things.) |
493,702 | It's quite common to have a form with a checkbox stating "Use foo" immediately followed by a textbox where the user can input the "foo value" he want's to use. Of course, this textbox is useful only if "Use foo" is checked
I don't know the best way to deal with this situation :
1. Disable the textbox (ie textboxfoo.Enabled=false;)
2. Hide it (ie textboxfoo.Visible=false;)
3. Let the user input a foo value if he wants to, and ignore the value he entered.
Is there a best practice that I can follow ? | 2009/01/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/493702",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/47341/"
] | Clearly disabling the text box is favoured because the user still has a visual clue as to what "Foo" will enable them to do.
But about what about the "More options >>" / "<< Less options" panel that opens up or closes as "Foo" is checked/uncheck? To much work, from the developer's perspective, and/or too much fiddling, from the user's perspective? Myself, I like the way it cleans up the interface, given that the defaults for "Foo" (when hidden) are appropriate.
(Having said that, I don't use that everywhere. Moderation in all good things.) | I favour disabling over hiding, if only because it avoids unnecessary white space on your dialog. |
493,702 | It's quite common to have a form with a checkbox stating "Use foo" immediately followed by a textbox where the user can input the "foo value" he want's to use. Of course, this textbox is useful only if "Use foo" is checked
I don't know the best way to deal with this situation :
1. Disable the textbox (ie textboxfoo.Enabled=false;)
2. Hide it (ie textboxfoo.Visible=false;)
3. Let the user input a foo value if he wants to, and ignore the value he entered.
Is there a best practice that I can follow ? | 2009/01/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/493702",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/47341/"
] | The textbox should be disabled.
If the textbox is hidden, then the visible alteration of the form will make the program less user-friendly. An example of this is the old (very unpopular) disappearing menu items that used to be in Microsoft Office. People don't want things moving around on their screens. It's disorienting.
If the user is permitted to input a useless value, then that gives the false impression that entering the value has some effect. | Disabling the text box is the best option in this case. The fact that the text box is enabled/disabled as the checkbox is checked/unchecked provides useful feedback to the user: the use foo option expects a foo value, and the foo value is only meaningful if the use foo option is selected.
Hiding the text box is less satisfactory - if the box isn't checked, the user won't realize that enabling the foo option will allow them to specify the foo value. Imagine them thinking to themselves: "I'd better not select the use foo option, as I have no idea what foo value will be used."
The third option is the worst, since doesn't indicate that the entered value will be ignored. |
63,224,089 | I faced an issue for using LibreOffice Draw.
I need to move images between grid points snapping to them.
But when I hold the images for more than 1 second, it automatically switched to free transform mode (drag & drop, also the mouse cursor would to be changed).
How can I prevent this? | 2020/08/03 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/63224089",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/12858250/"
] | Sure - you can use BERT. Yet, it will induce higher runtime for transforming the data into vector embeddings. Btw, you should explore other similarity search alternatives, such as pinecone.io, which offers a managed vector search service. | Absolutely! You'll just have to make use of dense\_vectors in order to search for vectors, which is what BERT works with.
For more information on dense vectors:
<https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/dense-vector.html>
For more information on how to optimize embeddings search, you can check out <https://www.gsitechnology.com/sites/default/files/AppNotes/GSIT-Elasticsearch-Plugin-AppBrief.pdf> |
28,285 | Negligence is unintentional, so at least for the first offence due to negligence, there should be no punishment or kammic results (imo). What of recurring negligence? | 2018/07/21 | [
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/questions/28285",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/users/7309/"
] | >
> [Content with that ...*(see sutta)*..., he does not exert himself further in solitude by day or seclusion by night. For him, living thus heedlessly, there is no joy. There being no joy, there is no rapture. There being no rapture, there is no serenity. There being no serenity, he dwells in pain. When pained, the mind does not become centered. When the mind is uncentered, phenomena do not become manifest. When phenomena are not manifest, **he is reckoned simply as one who dwells heedlessly**](https://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn55/sn55.040.than.html)
>
>
> | See the whole chapter on Heedfulness ([Dhp 21-32](https://accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/dhp/dhp.02.than.html)) on the danger of heedlessness and the benefit of heedfulness. |
681,470 | Within plain EC2 environment, managing access to other AWS resources is fairly straightforward with IAM roles and credentials (automatically fetched from instance metadata). Even easier with CloudFormation, where you can create roles on the fly when you assign a particular application role to an instance.
If I wanted to migrate to Docker and have a kind of M-to-N deployment, where I have M machines, and N applications running on it, how should I go about restricting access to per-application AWS resources? Instance metadata is accessible by anyone on the host, so I'd have every application being able to see/modify data of every other application in the same deployment environment.
What are the best practices for supplying security credentials to application containers running in such environment? | 2015/04/09 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/681470",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/5185/"
] | There is this project: <https://github.com/dump247/docker-ec2-metadata>
It acts as a proxy to the instance meta-data endpoint, returning a role specific to the container. I have not used it before, but it seems to solve the use-case you are describing. | Applying least privilege using Roles and Security Groups (even though you didn't mention them) in AWS with EC2 are both best practices to provide a secure environment for your hosting applications, especially when using CloudFormation. However, when you layer a multi-tenant Docker environment on top of that is when things start to fall apart.
The best answer right now to continue to get the benefit of Roles while applying least privilege is to not use a multi-tenant approach. Basically use a one-to-one mapping between EC2 instance and application, but you can still use clusters / ASGs. Docker is still an extremely useful and powerful tool you can use to manage and deploy your applications, but for now Roles apply at the EC2 instance and not the container. That means using separate VMs for each application for now.
If being multi-tenant is more important than Roles then the answer is to not use Roles and distribute AWS credentials to your applications using some other method.
Unfortunately neither of these solutions is very desirable and I expect this specific pain point to be addressed by AWS in the future due mainly to the growing popularity of containers. |
2,720,445 | Would it be a good idea to start converting forms into .NET one at a time which you would then invoke from the VB6 app via COM-interop.
This way, by the end of the process you would just convert the 'shell' of the VB6 application into a new .NET app, and all your forms are ready to go in .NET.
Is there a better strategy? | 2010/04/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2720445",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/325801/"
] | We have a VB6 application which is being ported to .NET either, and we use the COM-Interop strategy. All new features can be implemented in .NET, only the GUI-stuff remains VB; at the same time, we can develop a new GUI independently.
If you don't already know this, you can do COM Interop without using the registry (as this caused some problems for us) with **Registration-Free COM Interop**:
* [MSDN Documentation](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/fh1h056h.aspx)
* [Manifest-Creator (very useful!)](http://blogs.msdn.com/junfeng/archive/2007/04/14/genman32-a-tool-to-generate-sxs-manifest-for-managed-assembly-for-registration-free-com-net-interop.aspx) | If it were me, I'd just rip the Band-Aid right off. I don’t see any benefit in having an in-between state [.NET Forms and COM-interop] for your application because it just adds unneeded complexity. |
2,720,445 | Would it be a good idea to start converting forms into .NET one at a time which you would then invoke from the VB6 app via COM-interop.
This way, by the end of the process you would just convert the 'shell' of the VB6 application into a new .NET app, and all your forms are ready to go in .NET.
Is there a better strategy? | 2010/04/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2720445",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/325801/"
] | If it were me, I'd just rip the Band-Aid right off. I don’t see any benefit in having an in-between state [.NET Forms and COM-interop] for your application because it just adds unneeded complexity. | The piecemeal approach you describe will create extra work because you will be trying to get VB6 and .Net code to co-exist, which is fraught with problems on anything but the simplest applications. Somewhere down the road you are likely to trip over a gotcha which may be a showstopper.
I would recommend the following approach (based on successfully migrating a 600,000 line VB6 app to .Net):
Make sure your existing VB6 code base is properly version controlled and labelled.
Write regression tests for your VB6 code base, preferably automated.
Take a known VB6 code label baseline and migrate it as a single entity to .Net. Your customers continue to use the VB6 version.
Run your regression tests on the migrated code.
When all the tests pass, apply to the .Net code any VB6 changes that occurred since you took the original VB6 baseline.
Deliver to UAT and then live. |
2,720,445 | Would it be a good idea to start converting forms into .NET one at a time which you would then invoke from the VB6 app via COM-interop.
This way, by the end of the process you would just convert the 'shell' of the VB6 application into a new .NET app, and all your forms are ready to go in .NET.
Is there a better strategy? | 2010/04/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2720445",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/325801/"
] | If it were me, I'd just rip the Band-Aid right off. I don’t see any benefit in having an in-between state [.NET Forms and COM-interop] for your application because it just adds unneeded complexity. | Would you do a large complex data conversion one-table at a time, with your systems using one, the other, or both data models concurently for an extended period? Clearly this is asking for trouble and complexity. Best practice for large data conversions is to do them in a way that brings the entire data model to its desired end state within the shortest possible outage. The same reasoning applies to large-scale code conversions. Doing them piecemeal over and extended period of time is asking for trouble in terms of increases labor costs and technical risk.
IMO, a better approach is to formulate the end-state development and architecture standards for your .NET code and then invest in a process that helps you efficiently rewrite your system in a way that conforms to those standards and accurately preserves legacy business rules and functional behavior. Long transitions and complex hybrid/intermediate solutions are only a stop-gap at best cause business problems and project failure at worst -- they should be avoided. A better approach will allow you to deliver the legacy software to the new platform in internally consistent, independent, and well-formed pieces. Furthermore, delivering the migration in fewer, larger pieces will be more efficient and less disruptive than many little pieces.
The key to making this approach viable is to use next generation VB6/COM/ASP to .NET tools that allow you to iteratively calibrate, customize, and verify an automated rewrite process that balances automated conversion with manual work. The tools from [Great Migrations](http://www.greatmigrations.com/Services.htm) are specifically designed to enable this methodology. We call it the "tool-assisted rewrite". We have used this approach on several large migrations projects including upgrading an application portfolio of 1.2M LOC of VB6/COM to re-engineered C#/.NET.
Disclaimer: I work for Great Migrations. |
2,720,445 | Would it be a good idea to start converting forms into .NET one at a time which you would then invoke from the VB6 app via COM-interop.
This way, by the end of the process you would just convert the 'shell' of the VB6 application into a new .NET app, and all your forms are ready to go in .NET.
Is there a better strategy? | 2010/04/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2720445",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/325801/"
] | We have a VB6 application which is being ported to .NET either, and we use the COM-Interop strategy. All new features can be implemented in .NET, only the GUI-stuff remains VB; at the same time, we can develop a new GUI independently.
If you don't already know this, you can do COM Interop without using the registry (as this caused some problems for us) with **Registration-Free COM Interop**:
* [MSDN Documentation](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/fh1h056h.aspx)
* [Manifest-Creator (very useful!)](http://blogs.msdn.com/junfeng/archive/2007/04/14/genman32-a-tool-to-generate-sxs-manifest-for-managed-assembly-for-registration-free-com-net-interop.aspx) | The piecemeal approach you describe will create extra work because you will be trying to get VB6 and .Net code to co-exist, which is fraught with problems on anything but the simplest applications. Somewhere down the road you are likely to trip over a gotcha which may be a showstopper.
I would recommend the following approach (based on successfully migrating a 600,000 line VB6 app to .Net):
Make sure your existing VB6 code base is properly version controlled and labelled.
Write regression tests for your VB6 code base, preferably automated.
Take a known VB6 code label baseline and migrate it as a single entity to .Net. Your customers continue to use the VB6 version.
Run your regression tests on the migrated code.
When all the tests pass, apply to the .Net code any VB6 changes that occurred since you took the original VB6 baseline.
Deliver to UAT and then live. |
2,720,445 | Would it be a good idea to start converting forms into .NET one at a time which you would then invoke from the VB6 app via COM-interop.
This way, by the end of the process you would just convert the 'shell' of the VB6 application into a new .NET app, and all your forms are ready to go in .NET.
Is there a better strategy? | 2010/04/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2720445",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/325801/"
] | We have a VB6 application which is being ported to .NET either, and we use the COM-Interop strategy. All new features can be implemented in .NET, only the GUI-stuff remains VB; at the same time, we can develop a new GUI independently.
If you don't already know this, you can do COM Interop without using the registry (as this caused some problems for us) with **Registration-Free COM Interop**:
* [MSDN Documentation](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/fh1h056h.aspx)
* [Manifest-Creator (very useful!)](http://blogs.msdn.com/junfeng/archive/2007/04/14/genman32-a-tool-to-generate-sxs-manifest-for-managed-assembly-for-registration-free-com-net-interop.aspx) | There's lots of advice on strategies for conversion.
* Check out the other questions here tagged [vb6-migration](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/vb6-migration?sort=votes).
* I highly recommend [Microsoft's page](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-gb/dd408373.aspx#migrate) about different conversion strategies.
* Consider the commercial migration tools especially if you are short of developer time.
+ [**Mobilize.Net's upgrade companion**](https://www.mobilize.net/solution/vb-upgrade-companion) (converts to c# and vb.net)
+ [**VBMigration partner**](http://www.vbmigration.com/) (converts to vb.net)
+ and [**SELISE Phoenix**](https://phoenix.selise.ch/), which I haven't heard of before, suggested in an edit (converts to c# from vb.net) |
2,720,445 | Would it be a good idea to start converting forms into .NET one at a time which you would then invoke from the VB6 app via COM-interop.
This way, by the end of the process you would just convert the 'shell' of the VB6 application into a new .NET app, and all your forms are ready to go in .NET.
Is there a better strategy? | 2010/04/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2720445",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/325801/"
] | We have a VB6 application which is being ported to .NET either, and we use the COM-Interop strategy. All new features can be implemented in .NET, only the GUI-stuff remains VB; at the same time, we can develop a new GUI independently.
If you don't already know this, you can do COM Interop without using the registry (as this caused some problems for us) with **Registration-Free COM Interop**:
* [MSDN Documentation](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/fh1h056h.aspx)
* [Manifest-Creator (very useful!)](http://blogs.msdn.com/junfeng/archive/2007/04/14/genman32-a-tool-to-generate-sxs-manifest-for-managed-assembly-for-registration-free-com-net-interop.aspx) | Would you do a large complex data conversion one-table at a time, with your systems using one, the other, or both data models concurently for an extended period? Clearly this is asking for trouble and complexity. Best practice for large data conversions is to do them in a way that brings the entire data model to its desired end state within the shortest possible outage. The same reasoning applies to large-scale code conversions. Doing them piecemeal over and extended period of time is asking for trouble in terms of increases labor costs and technical risk.
IMO, a better approach is to formulate the end-state development and architecture standards for your .NET code and then invest in a process that helps you efficiently rewrite your system in a way that conforms to those standards and accurately preserves legacy business rules and functional behavior. Long transitions and complex hybrid/intermediate solutions are only a stop-gap at best cause business problems and project failure at worst -- they should be avoided. A better approach will allow you to deliver the legacy software to the new platform in internally consistent, independent, and well-formed pieces. Furthermore, delivering the migration in fewer, larger pieces will be more efficient and less disruptive than many little pieces.
The key to making this approach viable is to use next generation VB6/COM/ASP to .NET tools that allow you to iteratively calibrate, customize, and verify an automated rewrite process that balances automated conversion with manual work. The tools from [Great Migrations](http://www.greatmigrations.com/Services.htm) are specifically designed to enable this methodology. We call it the "tool-assisted rewrite". We have used this approach on several large migrations projects including upgrading an application portfolio of 1.2M LOC of VB6/COM to re-engineered C#/.NET.
Disclaimer: I work for Great Migrations. |
2,720,445 | Would it be a good idea to start converting forms into .NET one at a time which you would then invoke from the VB6 app via COM-interop.
This way, by the end of the process you would just convert the 'shell' of the VB6 application into a new .NET app, and all your forms are ready to go in .NET.
Is there a better strategy? | 2010/04/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2720445",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/325801/"
] | There's lots of advice on strategies for conversion.
* Check out the other questions here tagged [vb6-migration](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/vb6-migration?sort=votes).
* I highly recommend [Microsoft's page](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-gb/dd408373.aspx#migrate) about different conversion strategies.
* Consider the commercial migration tools especially if you are short of developer time.
+ [**Mobilize.Net's upgrade companion**](https://www.mobilize.net/solution/vb-upgrade-companion) (converts to c# and vb.net)
+ [**VBMigration partner**](http://www.vbmigration.com/) (converts to vb.net)
+ and [**SELISE Phoenix**](https://phoenix.selise.ch/), which I haven't heard of before, suggested in an edit (converts to c# from vb.net) | The piecemeal approach you describe will create extra work because you will be trying to get VB6 and .Net code to co-exist, which is fraught with problems on anything but the simplest applications. Somewhere down the road you are likely to trip over a gotcha which may be a showstopper.
I would recommend the following approach (based on successfully migrating a 600,000 line VB6 app to .Net):
Make sure your existing VB6 code base is properly version controlled and labelled.
Write regression tests for your VB6 code base, preferably automated.
Take a known VB6 code label baseline and migrate it as a single entity to .Net. Your customers continue to use the VB6 version.
Run your regression tests on the migrated code.
When all the tests pass, apply to the .Net code any VB6 changes that occurred since you took the original VB6 baseline.
Deliver to UAT and then live. |
2,720,445 | Would it be a good idea to start converting forms into .NET one at a time which you would then invoke from the VB6 app via COM-interop.
This way, by the end of the process you would just convert the 'shell' of the VB6 application into a new .NET app, and all your forms are ready to go in .NET.
Is there a better strategy? | 2010/04/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2720445",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/325801/"
] | The piecemeal approach you describe will create extra work because you will be trying to get VB6 and .Net code to co-exist, which is fraught with problems on anything but the simplest applications. Somewhere down the road you are likely to trip over a gotcha which may be a showstopper.
I would recommend the following approach (based on successfully migrating a 600,000 line VB6 app to .Net):
Make sure your existing VB6 code base is properly version controlled and labelled.
Write regression tests for your VB6 code base, preferably automated.
Take a known VB6 code label baseline and migrate it as a single entity to .Net. Your customers continue to use the VB6 version.
Run your regression tests on the migrated code.
When all the tests pass, apply to the .Net code any VB6 changes that occurred since you took the original VB6 baseline.
Deliver to UAT and then live. | Would you do a large complex data conversion one-table at a time, with your systems using one, the other, or both data models concurently for an extended period? Clearly this is asking for trouble and complexity. Best practice for large data conversions is to do them in a way that brings the entire data model to its desired end state within the shortest possible outage. The same reasoning applies to large-scale code conversions. Doing them piecemeal over and extended period of time is asking for trouble in terms of increases labor costs and technical risk.
IMO, a better approach is to formulate the end-state development and architecture standards for your .NET code and then invest in a process that helps you efficiently rewrite your system in a way that conforms to those standards and accurately preserves legacy business rules and functional behavior. Long transitions and complex hybrid/intermediate solutions are only a stop-gap at best cause business problems and project failure at worst -- they should be avoided. A better approach will allow you to deliver the legacy software to the new platform in internally consistent, independent, and well-formed pieces. Furthermore, delivering the migration in fewer, larger pieces will be more efficient and less disruptive than many little pieces.
The key to making this approach viable is to use next generation VB6/COM/ASP to .NET tools that allow you to iteratively calibrate, customize, and verify an automated rewrite process that balances automated conversion with manual work. The tools from [Great Migrations](http://www.greatmigrations.com/Services.htm) are specifically designed to enable this methodology. We call it the "tool-assisted rewrite". We have used this approach on several large migrations projects including upgrading an application portfolio of 1.2M LOC of VB6/COM to re-engineered C#/.NET.
Disclaimer: I work for Great Migrations. |
2,720,445 | Would it be a good idea to start converting forms into .NET one at a time which you would then invoke from the VB6 app via COM-interop.
This way, by the end of the process you would just convert the 'shell' of the VB6 application into a new .NET app, and all your forms are ready to go in .NET.
Is there a better strategy? | 2010/04/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2720445",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/325801/"
] | There's lots of advice on strategies for conversion.
* Check out the other questions here tagged [vb6-migration](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/vb6-migration?sort=votes).
* I highly recommend [Microsoft's page](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-gb/dd408373.aspx#migrate) about different conversion strategies.
* Consider the commercial migration tools especially if you are short of developer time.
+ [**Mobilize.Net's upgrade companion**](https://www.mobilize.net/solution/vb-upgrade-companion) (converts to c# and vb.net)
+ [**VBMigration partner**](http://www.vbmigration.com/) (converts to vb.net)
+ and [**SELISE Phoenix**](https://phoenix.selise.ch/), which I haven't heard of before, suggested in an edit (converts to c# from vb.net) | Would you do a large complex data conversion one-table at a time, with your systems using one, the other, or both data models concurently for an extended period? Clearly this is asking for trouble and complexity. Best practice for large data conversions is to do them in a way that brings the entire data model to its desired end state within the shortest possible outage. The same reasoning applies to large-scale code conversions. Doing them piecemeal over and extended period of time is asking for trouble in terms of increases labor costs and technical risk.
IMO, a better approach is to formulate the end-state development and architecture standards for your .NET code and then invest in a process that helps you efficiently rewrite your system in a way that conforms to those standards and accurately preserves legacy business rules and functional behavior. Long transitions and complex hybrid/intermediate solutions are only a stop-gap at best cause business problems and project failure at worst -- they should be avoided. A better approach will allow you to deliver the legacy software to the new platform in internally consistent, independent, and well-formed pieces. Furthermore, delivering the migration in fewer, larger pieces will be more efficient and less disruptive than many little pieces.
The key to making this approach viable is to use next generation VB6/COM/ASP to .NET tools that allow you to iteratively calibrate, customize, and verify an automated rewrite process that balances automated conversion with manual work. The tools from [Great Migrations](http://www.greatmigrations.com/Services.htm) are specifically designed to enable this methodology. We call it the "tool-assisted rewrite". We have used this approach on several large migrations projects including upgrading an application portfolio of 1.2M LOC of VB6/COM to re-engineered C#/.NET.
Disclaimer: I work for Great Migrations. |
532,263 | The Blue Book of Grammar has a question: "John knows WHO/WHOM the winner is."
The correct answer is:
"John knows WHO the winner is."
But ...
The main clause is "John Knows." But WHOM is actually the pronoun of "the winner" and the verb "is".
I used the usual rules and got 9 / 10 other questions right, but this one stumped me.
Where am I going wrong? | 2020/04/27 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/532263",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/383000/"
] | First, we need to separate out your embedded question clause (*who the winner is*). That whole clause is the object of the verb *knows*.
Now let's look at that clause . . .
*Is* is a linking verb. There are no objects in linking verb clauses. You can see this quite clearly when pronouns are involved. Both the subject and subject complement are subject pronouns:
>
> *Who is he?* . . . Not: *\*Who is him?* or *\*Whom is he?*
>
>
>
Here that is again as an embedded question clause (which gets inverted):
>
> *who he is* . . . Not: *\*who him is* or *\*whom he is*
>
>
>
Now you can swap in *the winner* from your original example for *he*:
>
> *who the winner is*
>
>
>
And put the clause back as your object. John knows *what*? *Who the winner is*:
>
> *John knows who the winner is.*
>
>
>
Had you a non-linking verb instead, you *would* use the object pronoun *whom*:\*
>
> *Whom does the winner like? John knows whom the winner likes. The winner likes him.*
>
>
>
\*Note that there are some who say that it is safe to eschew *whom* in any circumstance. You'll have to talk that out with your grammarian. | In the relative clause (WHO/WHOM the winner is) appears the verb "to be", which **can't** have an object; "to be" is a copular verb and copular verbs have no object; since "whom" is the object case for the pronoun, that would make it the object of the verb "to be"; therefore the pronoun form is "who". |
3,865 | The [bible-interpretation](https://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/bible-interpretation "show questions tagged 'bible-interpretation'") tag continues to get used a lot. I retag it to [exegesis](https://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/exegesis "show questions tagged 'exegesis'") when I see it, but I think it should be made a formal synonym. Note that exegesis already has the synonyms of interpretation and hermeneutics.
Not all Bible interpretation is about exegesis, and not all questions tagged with it should be retagged to exegesis. But I think this is because the other use of the tag, for questions about how to interpret the whole of the Bible systematically, is not a useful tag. It's like tagging a question with [theology](https://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/theology "show questions tagged 'theology'") - when every question can be tagged with a tag the tag probably shouldn't exist.
I may not be right about this. If you can find some questions that aren't about textual exegesis but for which the bible-interpretation tag is useful, please link to them in an answer.
(Also, I think the exegesis wiki should be edited - saying it's about "critical interpretation" makes it sound too academic, or possibly limited to source or higher criticism, whereas it's a tag we want users to be using even if the question isn't of a high academic standard.)
[Please vote for the tag synonym here.](https://christianity.stackexchange.com/tags/exegesis/synonyms) | 2014/07/21 | [
"https://christianity.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3865",
"https://christianity.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://christianity.meta.stackexchange.com/users/6071/"
] | *([These tags have been discussed previously...](https://christianity.meta.stackexchange.com/a/3661/6071))*
For 90% of cases these tags are effectively synonymous. I would recommend making [calvinism](https://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/calvinism "show questions tagged 'calvinism'") a synonym of [reformed-theology](https://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/reformed-theology "show questions tagged 'reformed-theology'") however as the second is probably the more academic term. Also, the movement probably began before Calvin through people such as Zwingli. Secondly many denominations and churches use the label Reformed, but fewer use the label Calvinist. ("Reformed Baptist" is a common label for example.)
The tag wiki definitely needs editing. As confusing as it is, Reformed Theology definitely does not refer to all theology from the protestant reformation. *Edit*: I have suggested some tag wiki edits. | Reformed Theology is a subset of Protestant Theology that sits between Lutheranism on its left and Anabaptism on its right. It is basically Calvinistic, and has many adherents even today. |
3,865 | The [bible-interpretation](https://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/bible-interpretation "show questions tagged 'bible-interpretation'") tag continues to get used a lot. I retag it to [exegesis](https://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/exegesis "show questions tagged 'exegesis'") when I see it, but I think it should be made a formal synonym. Note that exegesis already has the synonyms of interpretation and hermeneutics.
Not all Bible interpretation is about exegesis, and not all questions tagged with it should be retagged to exegesis. But I think this is because the other use of the tag, for questions about how to interpret the whole of the Bible systematically, is not a useful tag. It's like tagging a question with [theology](https://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/theology "show questions tagged 'theology'") - when every question can be tagged with a tag the tag probably shouldn't exist.
I may not be right about this. If you can find some questions that aren't about textual exegesis but for which the bible-interpretation tag is useful, please link to them in an answer.
(Also, I think the exegesis wiki should be edited - saying it's about "critical interpretation" makes it sound too academic, or possibly limited to source or higher criticism, whereas it's a tag we want users to be using even if the question isn't of a high academic standard.)
[Please vote for the tag synonym here.](https://christianity.stackexchange.com/tags/exegesis/synonyms) | 2014/07/21 | [
"https://christianity.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3865",
"https://christianity.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://christianity.meta.stackexchange.com/users/6071/"
] | *([These tags have been discussed previously...](https://christianity.meta.stackexchange.com/a/3661/6071))*
For 90% of cases these tags are effectively synonymous. I would recommend making [calvinism](https://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/calvinism "show questions tagged 'calvinism'") a synonym of [reformed-theology](https://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/reformed-theology "show questions tagged 'reformed-theology'") however as the second is probably the more academic term. Also, the movement probably began before Calvin through people such as Zwingli. Secondly many denominations and churches use the label Reformed, but fewer use the label Calvinist. ("Reformed Baptist" is a common label for example.)
The tag wiki definitely needs editing. As confusing as it is, Reformed Theology definitely does not refer to all theology from the protestant reformation. *Edit*: I have suggested some tag wiki edits. | Reformed theology typicalny includes the main points of Calvinism but is quite a bit broader category. At the same time it's quite a bit narrower than all of Protestantism. It's definitely something to have a unique tag for, although it sounds like the tag wiki could use some help. |
7,662 | I'm completely new to the world of investing and stocks. Knowing that I shouldn't invest or buy stocks until I know it well enough, I was wondering which cheap or affordable resources would be the best to get started?
I've seen quite a lot of books and websites that teach investing, but it's hard to choose. To narrow it down, **what *book* and/or what *website* would you recommend that does a good job teaching investing in stocks to beginners?** | 2011/04/13 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/7662",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/3270/"
] | The Motley Fool's How to Invest
[How To Invest](http://www.fool.com/how-to-invest/index.aspx)
Benjamin Graham's The Intelligent Investor
[The Intelligent Investor](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Intelligent_Investor)
If you like The Intelligent Investor then try Benjamin's [Security Analysis](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_Analysis_%28book%29). But that one is not a beginner book. | Los Angeles Times Investing 101
<http://www.latimes.com/business/la-moneylib,0,3098409.htmlstory>
Clark Howard's Investing Guide
<http://www.clarkhoward.com/news/clark-howard/personal-finance-credit/clarks-investment-guide/nFZK/> |
7,662 | I'm completely new to the world of investing and stocks. Knowing that I shouldn't invest or buy stocks until I know it well enough, I was wondering which cheap or affordable resources would be the best to get started?
I've seen quite a lot of books and websites that teach investing, but it's hard to choose. To narrow it down, **what *book* and/or what *website* would you recommend that does a good job teaching investing in stocks to beginners?** | 2011/04/13 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/7662",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/3270/"
] | The Winning Investor
<http://winninginvestor.quickanddirtytips.com/>
This is a blog and a podcast. Load a bunch of these onto your iPod and start listening.
Stikky Stock Charts
[http://www.amazon.com/Stikky-Stock-Charts-professionals-smart/dp/1932974008](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/1932974008)
This is a beginner's guide on how to read charts. Lots of charts, not too many words. | Los Angeles Times Investing 101
<http://www.latimes.com/business/la-moneylib,0,3098409.htmlstory>
Clark Howard's Investing Guide
<http://www.clarkhoward.com/news/clark-howard/personal-finance-credit/clarks-investment-guide/nFZK/> |
7,662 | I'm completely new to the world of investing and stocks. Knowing that I shouldn't invest or buy stocks until I know it well enough, I was wondering which cheap or affordable resources would be the best to get started?
I've seen quite a lot of books and websites that teach investing, but it's hard to choose. To narrow it down, **what *book* and/or what *website* would you recommend that does a good job teaching investing in stocks to beginners?** | 2011/04/13 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/7662",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/3270/"
] | If you just want to save for retirement, start with a financial planning book, like this one:
[http://www.amazon.com/Smart-Simple-Financial-Strategies-People/dp/0743269942](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0743269942)
and here's my editorial on the investing part:
<http://blog.ometer.com/2010/11/10/take-risks-in-life-for-savings-choose-a-balanced-fund/>
If you're thinking of spending time stock-picking or trading for fun, then there are lots of options.
Web site:
Morningstar Premium (http://morningstar.com) has very good information. They analyze almost all large-cap stocks and some small caps too, plus mutual funds and ETFs, and have some good general information articles. It doesn't have the sales-pitch hot-blooded tone of most other sites. Morningstar analyzes companies from a value investing point of view which is probably what you want unless you're day trading. Also they analyze funds, which are probably the most practical investment.
Books:
If you want to be competent (in the sense that a professional investor trying to beat the market or control risk vs. the market would be) then I thought the CFA curriculum was pretty good:
* <http://www.cfainstitute.org/cfaprogram/courseofstudy/curriculum/Pages/index.aspx>
(you can probably buy it on eBay or Amazon)
However, this will quickly teach you how much is involved in being competent. The level 1 curriculum when I did it was 6 or 7 thick textbooks, equivalent to probably a college semester courseload. I didn't do level 2 or 3. I don't think level 1 was enough to become competent, it's just enough to learn what you don't know. The actual CFA charter requires all three levels *and* years of work experience.
If you more want to dabble, then Benjamin Graham's The Intelligent Investor certainly isn't a bad place to start, but you'd also want to read some efficient markets stuff (Random Walk Down Wall Street, or something by Bogle, or The Intelligent Asset Allocator [http://www.amazon.com/Intelligent-Asset-Allocator-Portfolio-Maximize/dp/0071362363](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0071362363), are some options). It wouldn't be bad to just read a textbook like [http://www.amazon.com/Investments-Irwin-Finance-Zvi-Bodie/dp/0256146381](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0256146381) which would be the much-abridged version of the CFA level 1 stuff.
If you're into day trading / charting, then I don't know much about that at all, some of the other answers may have some ideas. I've never been able to find info on this that didn't seem like it had a sketchy sales pitch kind of vibe. Honestly in a world of high-frequency trading computers I'm skeptical this is something to get into. Unless you want to program HFT computers: <http://howtohft.wordpress.com/> | Los Angeles Times Investing 101
<http://www.latimes.com/business/la-moneylib,0,3098409.htmlstory>
Clark Howard's Investing Guide
<http://www.clarkhoward.com/news/clark-howard/personal-finance-credit/clarks-investment-guide/nFZK/> |
7,662 | I'm completely new to the world of investing and stocks. Knowing that I shouldn't invest or buy stocks until I know it well enough, I was wondering which cheap or affordable resources would be the best to get started?
I've seen quite a lot of books and websites that teach investing, but it's hard to choose. To narrow it down, **what *book* and/or what *website* would you recommend that does a good job teaching investing in stocks to beginners?** | 2011/04/13 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/7662",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/3270/"
] | There is only one book worth reading in my opinion: One Up on Wall Street.
It's short and no other book even comes close to it for honesty, correctness and good sense. Also, it is written by the second most successful investor of all time, Peter Lynch.
The Intelligent Investor has some good technical content, but the book is dated and a lot of it is irrelevant to the modern investment environment. When I was younger I used to ready books like this and when a friend of mine asked for investment advice. I said "Look at stocks with a PE ratio of 5-10". A few days later he comes back to me and says "There are none". Right. That pretty much sums up the problem with the I.I. Graham himself in interviews during the 1970s said that his book was obsolete and he no longer recommended those methods. | Los Angeles Times Investing 101
<http://www.latimes.com/business/la-moneylib,0,3098409.htmlstory>
Clark Howard's Investing Guide
<http://www.clarkhoward.com/news/clark-howard/personal-finance-credit/clarks-investment-guide/nFZK/> |
7,662 | I'm completely new to the world of investing and stocks. Knowing that I shouldn't invest or buy stocks until I know it well enough, I was wondering which cheap or affordable resources would be the best to get started?
I've seen quite a lot of books and websites that teach investing, but it's hard to choose. To narrow it down, **what *book* and/or what *website* would you recommend that does a good job teaching investing in stocks to beginners?** | 2011/04/13 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/7662",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/3270/"
] | The Motley Fool's How to Invest
[How To Invest](http://www.fool.com/how-to-invest/index.aspx)
Benjamin Graham's The Intelligent Investor
[The Intelligent Investor](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Intelligent_Investor)
If you like The Intelligent Investor then try Benjamin's [Security Analysis](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_Analysis_%28book%29). But that one is not a beginner book. | The Winning Investor
<http://winninginvestor.quickanddirtytips.com/>
This is a blog and a podcast. Load a bunch of these onto your iPod and start listening.
Stikky Stock Charts
[http://www.amazon.com/Stikky-Stock-Charts-professionals-smart/dp/1932974008](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/1932974008)
This is a beginner's guide on how to read charts. Lots of charts, not too many words. |
7,662 | I'm completely new to the world of investing and stocks. Knowing that I shouldn't invest or buy stocks until I know it well enough, I was wondering which cheap or affordable resources would be the best to get started?
I've seen quite a lot of books and websites that teach investing, but it's hard to choose. To narrow it down, **what *book* and/or what *website* would you recommend that does a good job teaching investing in stocks to beginners?** | 2011/04/13 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/7662",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/3270/"
] | The Motley Fool's How to Invest
[How To Invest](http://www.fool.com/how-to-invest/index.aspx)
Benjamin Graham's The Intelligent Investor
[The Intelligent Investor](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Intelligent_Investor)
If you like The Intelligent Investor then try Benjamin's [Security Analysis](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_Analysis_%28book%29). But that one is not a beginner book. | If you just want to save for retirement, start with a financial planning book, like this one:
[http://www.amazon.com/Smart-Simple-Financial-Strategies-People/dp/0743269942](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0743269942)
and here's my editorial on the investing part:
<http://blog.ometer.com/2010/11/10/take-risks-in-life-for-savings-choose-a-balanced-fund/>
If you're thinking of spending time stock-picking or trading for fun, then there are lots of options.
Web site:
Morningstar Premium (http://morningstar.com) has very good information. They analyze almost all large-cap stocks and some small caps too, plus mutual funds and ETFs, and have some good general information articles. It doesn't have the sales-pitch hot-blooded tone of most other sites. Morningstar analyzes companies from a value investing point of view which is probably what you want unless you're day trading. Also they analyze funds, which are probably the most practical investment.
Books:
If you want to be competent (in the sense that a professional investor trying to beat the market or control risk vs. the market would be) then I thought the CFA curriculum was pretty good:
* <http://www.cfainstitute.org/cfaprogram/courseofstudy/curriculum/Pages/index.aspx>
(you can probably buy it on eBay or Amazon)
However, this will quickly teach you how much is involved in being competent. The level 1 curriculum when I did it was 6 or 7 thick textbooks, equivalent to probably a college semester courseload. I didn't do level 2 or 3. I don't think level 1 was enough to become competent, it's just enough to learn what you don't know. The actual CFA charter requires all three levels *and* years of work experience.
If you more want to dabble, then Benjamin Graham's The Intelligent Investor certainly isn't a bad place to start, but you'd also want to read some efficient markets stuff (Random Walk Down Wall Street, or something by Bogle, or The Intelligent Asset Allocator [http://www.amazon.com/Intelligent-Asset-Allocator-Portfolio-Maximize/dp/0071362363](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0071362363), are some options). It wouldn't be bad to just read a textbook like [http://www.amazon.com/Investments-Irwin-Finance-Zvi-Bodie/dp/0256146381](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0256146381) which would be the much-abridged version of the CFA level 1 stuff.
If you're into day trading / charting, then I don't know much about that at all, some of the other answers may have some ideas. I've never been able to find info on this that didn't seem like it had a sketchy sales pitch kind of vibe. Honestly in a world of high-frequency trading computers I'm skeptical this is something to get into. Unless you want to program HFT computers: <http://howtohft.wordpress.com/> |
7,662 | I'm completely new to the world of investing and stocks. Knowing that I shouldn't invest or buy stocks until I know it well enough, I was wondering which cheap or affordable resources would be the best to get started?
I've seen quite a lot of books and websites that teach investing, but it's hard to choose. To narrow it down, **what *book* and/or what *website* would you recommend that does a good job teaching investing in stocks to beginners?** | 2011/04/13 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/7662",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/3270/"
] | The Motley Fool's How to Invest
[How To Invest](http://www.fool.com/how-to-invest/index.aspx)
Benjamin Graham's The Intelligent Investor
[The Intelligent Investor](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Intelligent_Investor)
If you like The Intelligent Investor then try Benjamin's [Security Analysis](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_Analysis_%28book%29). But that one is not a beginner book. | There is only one book worth reading in my opinion: One Up on Wall Street.
It's short and no other book even comes close to it for honesty, correctness and good sense. Also, it is written by the second most successful investor of all time, Peter Lynch.
The Intelligent Investor has some good technical content, but the book is dated and a lot of it is irrelevant to the modern investment environment. When I was younger I used to ready books like this and when a friend of mine asked for investment advice. I said "Look at stocks with a PE ratio of 5-10". A few days later he comes back to me and says "There are none". Right. That pretty much sums up the problem with the I.I. Graham himself in interviews during the 1970s said that his book was obsolete and he no longer recommended those methods. |
7,662 | I'm completely new to the world of investing and stocks. Knowing that I shouldn't invest or buy stocks until I know it well enough, I was wondering which cheap or affordable resources would be the best to get started?
I've seen quite a lot of books and websites that teach investing, but it's hard to choose. To narrow it down, **what *book* and/or what *website* would you recommend that does a good job teaching investing in stocks to beginners?** | 2011/04/13 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/7662",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/3270/"
] | If you just want to save for retirement, start with a financial planning book, like this one:
[http://www.amazon.com/Smart-Simple-Financial-Strategies-People/dp/0743269942](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0743269942)
and here's my editorial on the investing part:
<http://blog.ometer.com/2010/11/10/take-risks-in-life-for-savings-choose-a-balanced-fund/>
If you're thinking of spending time stock-picking or trading for fun, then there are lots of options.
Web site:
Morningstar Premium (http://morningstar.com) has very good information. They analyze almost all large-cap stocks and some small caps too, plus mutual funds and ETFs, and have some good general information articles. It doesn't have the sales-pitch hot-blooded tone of most other sites. Morningstar analyzes companies from a value investing point of view which is probably what you want unless you're day trading. Also they analyze funds, which are probably the most practical investment.
Books:
If you want to be competent (in the sense that a professional investor trying to beat the market or control risk vs. the market would be) then I thought the CFA curriculum was pretty good:
* <http://www.cfainstitute.org/cfaprogram/courseofstudy/curriculum/Pages/index.aspx>
(you can probably buy it on eBay or Amazon)
However, this will quickly teach you how much is involved in being competent. The level 1 curriculum when I did it was 6 or 7 thick textbooks, equivalent to probably a college semester courseload. I didn't do level 2 or 3. I don't think level 1 was enough to become competent, it's just enough to learn what you don't know. The actual CFA charter requires all three levels *and* years of work experience.
If you more want to dabble, then Benjamin Graham's The Intelligent Investor certainly isn't a bad place to start, but you'd also want to read some efficient markets stuff (Random Walk Down Wall Street, or something by Bogle, or The Intelligent Asset Allocator [http://www.amazon.com/Intelligent-Asset-Allocator-Portfolio-Maximize/dp/0071362363](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0071362363), are some options). It wouldn't be bad to just read a textbook like [http://www.amazon.com/Investments-Irwin-Finance-Zvi-Bodie/dp/0256146381](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0256146381) which would be the much-abridged version of the CFA level 1 stuff.
If you're into day trading / charting, then I don't know much about that at all, some of the other answers may have some ideas. I've never been able to find info on this that didn't seem like it had a sketchy sales pitch kind of vibe. Honestly in a world of high-frequency trading computers I'm skeptical this is something to get into. Unless you want to program HFT computers: <http://howtohft.wordpress.com/> | The Winning Investor
<http://winninginvestor.quickanddirtytips.com/>
This is a blog and a podcast. Load a bunch of these onto your iPod and start listening.
Stikky Stock Charts
[http://www.amazon.com/Stikky-Stock-Charts-professionals-smart/dp/1932974008](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/1932974008)
This is a beginner's guide on how to read charts. Lots of charts, not too many words. |
7,662 | I'm completely new to the world of investing and stocks. Knowing that I shouldn't invest or buy stocks until I know it well enough, I was wondering which cheap or affordable resources would be the best to get started?
I've seen quite a lot of books and websites that teach investing, but it's hard to choose. To narrow it down, **what *book* and/or what *website* would you recommend that does a good job teaching investing in stocks to beginners?** | 2011/04/13 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/7662",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/3270/"
] | If you just want to save for retirement, start with a financial planning book, like this one:
[http://www.amazon.com/Smart-Simple-Financial-Strategies-People/dp/0743269942](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0743269942)
and here's my editorial on the investing part:
<http://blog.ometer.com/2010/11/10/take-risks-in-life-for-savings-choose-a-balanced-fund/>
If you're thinking of spending time stock-picking or trading for fun, then there are lots of options.
Web site:
Morningstar Premium (http://morningstar.com) has very good information. They analyze almost all large-cap stocks and some small caps too, plus mutual funds and ETFs, and have some good general information articles. It doesn't have the sales-pitch hot-blooded tone of most other sites. Morningstar analyzes companies from a value investing point of view which is probably what you want unless you're day trading. Also they analyze funds, which are probably the most practical investment.
Books:
If you want to be competent (in the sense that a professional investor trying to beat the market or control risk vs. the market would be) then I thought the CFA curriculum was pretty good:
* <http://www.cfainstitute.org/cfaprogram/courseofstudy/curriculum/Pages/index.aspx>
(you can probably buy it on eBay or Amazon)
However, this will quickly teach you how much is involved in being competent. The level 1 curriculum when I did it was 6 or 7 thick textbooks, equivalent to probably a college semester courseload. I didn't do level 2 or 3. I don't think level 1 was enough to become competent, it's just enough to learn what you don't know. The actual CFA charter requires all three levels *and* years of work experience.
If you more want to dabble, then Benjamin Graham's The Intelligent Investor certainly isn't a bad place to start, but you'd also want to read some efficient markets stuff (Random Walk Down Wall Street, or something by Bogle, or The Intelligent Asset Allocator [http://www.amazon.com/Intelligent-Asset-Allocator-Portfolio-Maximize/dp/0071362363](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0071362363), are some options). It wouldn't be bad to just read a textbook like [http://www.amazon.com/Investments-Irwin-Finance-Zvi-Bodie/dp/0256146381](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0256146381) which would be the much-abridged version of the CFA level 1 stuff.
If you're into day trading / charting, then I don't know much about that at all, some of the other answers may have some ideas. I've never been able to find info on this that didn't seem like it had a sketchy sales pitch kind of vibe. Honestly in a world of high-frequency trading computers I'm skeptical this is something to get into. Unless you want to program HFT computers: <http://howtohft.wordpress.com/> | There is only one book worth reading in my opinion: One Up on Wall Street.
It's short and no other book even comes close to it for honesty, correctness and good sense. Also, it is written by the second most successful investor of all time, Peter Lynch.
The Intelligent Investor has some good technical content, but the book is dated and a lot of it is irrelevant to the modern investment environment. When I was younger I used to ready books like this and when a friend of mine asked for investment advice. I said "Look at stocks with a PE ratio of 5-10". A few days later he comes back to me and says "There are none". Right. That pretty much sums up the problem with the I.I. Graham himself in interviews during the 1970s said that his book was obsolete and he no longer recommended those methods. |
78,078 | If a person infringes on someone's copyright by making a derivative work (like fanart for example), who owns that work? I'm aware the copyright holder can stop the work from being distributed and take it down, as well as claim damages that the derived work may have caused.
This question comes from a recent controversy where Disney started selling a toy made from a 3d model that they took from a fan work made by an internet user. The 3d model seems to be clear copyright infringement as the fan didn't obtain permission and the object depicted in the model was copyrighted by Disney. They could have made him take it down and/or get paid for damages, but It's not clear to me if they can just use the work as if it was a derived work made by them.
Is Disney in the right here? Does the ownership of the original work grant them ownership over these infringing derived works? If not, does the fan have a case here or does the initial infringement invalidate any claim he may have?
Sorry if this has been asked before, I looked for this question but didn't find anything close enough. | 2022/02/23 | [
"https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/78078",
"https://law.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.stackexchange.com/users/44030/"
] | To my understanding, the answer is in theory no, in practice yes.
Ordinarily, non-infringing derivatives gain copyright on the creative elements contributed by that derivative's author ([17 USC 103(b)](https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/103)). However, as I cover [here](https://law.stackexchange.com/a/55286/3209), the United States has a specific statutory provision in [17 U.S.C 103(a)](https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/103) which bars infringing derivatives from gaining copyright (internationally, most statutes are silent on this specific scenario).
So in theory, Disney does not own copyright on the derivative because no one does - no copyright was assigned to the derivative author due to its infringing nature and the elements original to that derivative are technically in the public domain (unless they are far enough removed from the original, per the wording of s. 103(a)).
However, in practice Disney effectively owns the copyright. By definition of being a derivative, it contains original elements of another author's work. Disney is the rightsholder of that author's work and as such can effectively exercise the rights granted to it by copyright law on the derivative by virtue of holding the underlying original's copyright. | Copyright law does not contain a "teaspoon of sewage" rule whereby one loses their copyright if one has infringed copyright. I own my works, which is stuff that I created, and you own your works (analogous definition), and I do not own your work just because it includes some of my work. For example, the Berne Convention says "Translations, adaptations, arrangements of music and other alterations of a literary or artistic work shall be protected as original works without prejudice to the copyright in the original work". Theoretically, the infringer could sue Disney for copying his work without permission (if that is what happened – as opposed to giving permission to use in exchange for not getting sued for the original infringement). |
514,367 | My question is about the expression "suck on it."
Background (you can skip this paragraph if you want): at Spanish SE we were doing some back-translating of a game we were playing in Spanish. When we were trying to find an English equivalent for "Si os molesta, tirad de esta," a possible translation as "If it bothers you, suck on it" was proposed. This is not an expression I'm familiar with personally.
The only [definition of **suck on it**](https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=suck%20on%20it) I could find is from Urban Dictionary:
>
> 1. that's too bad; deal with it; put up with it; tough luck; tough titty
> 2. exclamation of triumph when you want to rub someone's nose in it
>
> Examples:
>
> *BILL: I just missed out on first prize in the lottery by one number.
> OWEN: Suck on it.*
>
> *As you play the winning move in a game of skill or chance against others, you call out, "Suck on it!"*
>
>
>
Okay, the UB entry shows a functional definition and examples of how to use the expression. But what I want to know is, when the people in the conversation say or hear the expression "suck on it," is there a specific, implied referent for "it"? | 2019/10/02 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/514367",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/112436/"
] | I decided to transfer what was meant as a comment into an answer because even constructive comments made *without malice* can be deleted because the author of a post can be offended by them. Political correctness runs both ways.
It's normally "sucking one's thumb" or "thumb sucking" or "(s)he sucks her/his thumb", not "suck on it".
If the burn or cut is minor, you can suggest "*try sucking on it*". But in the OP's specific situation *no one* is going to think the speaker is referring to a thumb, a finger, or any suckable part of the human anatomy that is *not* the male genitalia.
The, primarily, American English expressions, ***suck it up***, ***suck on it***, are **supposed to be vulgar**. | I think this may simply reference something that you cannot enjoy by biting into it and rather something that takes time to dissolve much like the burn that is usually referenced when suck on it or this, is used. |
514,367 | My question is about the expression "suck on it."
Background (you can skip this paragraph if you want): at Spanish SE we were doing some back-translating of a game we were playing in Spanish. When we were trying to find an English equivalent for "Si os molesta, tirad de esta," a possible translation as "If it bothers you, suck on it" was proposed. This is not an expression I'm familiar with personally.
The only [definition of **suck on it**](https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=suck%20on%20it) I could find is from Urban Dictionary:
>
> 1. that's too bad; deal with it; put up with it; tough luck; tough titty
> 2. exclamation of triumph when you want to rub someone's nose in it
>
> Examples:
>
> *BILL: I just missed out on first prize in the lottery by one number.
> OWEN: Suck on it.*
>
> *As you play the winning move in a game of skill or chance against others, you call out, "Suck on it!"*
>
>
>
Okay, the UB entry shows a functional definition and examples of how to use the expression. But what I want to know is, when the people in the conversation say or hear the expression "suck on it," is there a specific, implied referent for "it"? | 2019/10/02 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/514367",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/112436/"
] | I decided to transfer what was meant as a comment into an answer because even constructive comments made *without malice* can be deleted because the author of a post can be offended by them. Political correctness runs both ways.
It's normally "sucking one's thumb" or "thumb sucking" or "(s)he sucks her/his thumb", not "suck on it".
If the burn or cut is minor, you can suggest "*try sucking on it*". But in the OP's specific situation *no one* is going to think the speaker is referring to a thumb, a finger, or any suckable part of the human anatomy that is *not* the male genitalia.
The, primarily, American English expressions, ***suck it up***, ***suck on it***, are **supposed to be vulgar**. | The vulgar referent is strongly implied, such that [proffering another object](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5c/Primus-Suck_on_This.jpg) on which to suck is still a double entendre. |
514,367 | My question is about the expression "suck on it."
Background (you can skip this paragraph if you want): at Spanish SE we were doing some back-translating of a game we were playing in Spanish. When we were trying to find an English equivalent for "Si os molesta, tirad de esta," a possible translation as "If it bothers you, suck on it" was proposed. This is not an expression I'm familiar with personally.
The only [definition of **suck on it**](https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=suck%20on%20it) I could find is from Urban Dictionary:
>
> 1. that's too bad; deal with it; put up with it; tough luck; tough titty
> 2. exclamation of triumph when you want to rub someone's nose in it
>
> Examples:
>
> *BILL: I just missed out on first prize in the lottery by one number.
> OWEN: Suck on it.*
>
> *As you play the winning move in a game of skill or chance against others, you call out, "Suck on it!"*
>
>
>
Okay, the UB entry shows a functional definition and examples of how to use the expression. But what I want to know is, when the people in the conversation say or hear the expression "suck on it," is there a specific, implied referent for "it"? | 2019/10/02 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/514367",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/112436/"
] | The formulation that the question is about is *suck **on** it*. That makes it somewhat surprising that most of those who have responded saw in it an allusion to fellatio: when the word *suck* is used to describe that act, it is usually used without *on*, or any other preposition. On the other hand, *suck on* is often used for very different activities: one sucks on a lollipop, a baby sucks on a dummy. What the activities that are typically described as sucking on something have in common is that they are relatively protracted. Lollipops and the confectionery that Americans call ‘hard candy’ are designed to release only a little bit of flavour at a time, so that consuming them is extended over a relatively long period (much longer that it would take to consume a differently made sweet of the same size). Because of that literal use for intentionally protracted activities, *suck on it* is a suitable term to use metaphorically to express something like ‘You will be stuck with this problem for a while, take your time with it, don’t expect any immediate resolution’. So used, the phrase does not carry any allusions to sexual matters, even though, needless to say, it is still highly informal.
This answer is an elaboration of the point that was originally made by Hot Licks in a couple of comments, but that hasn’t so far been engaged by any other contributors to this page. | I think this may simply reference something that you cannot enjoy by biting into it and rather something that takes time to dissolve much like the burn that is usually referenced when suck on it or this, is used. |
514,367 | My question is about the expression "suck on it."
Background (you can skip this paragraph if you want): at Spanish SE we were doing some back-translating of a game we were playing in Spanish. When we were trying to find an English equivalent for "Si os molesta, tirad de esta," a possible translation as "If it bothers you, suck on it" was proposed. This is not an expression I'm familiar with personally.
The only [definition of **suck on it**](https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=suck%20on%20it) I could find is from Urban Dictionary:
>
> 1. that's too bad; deal with it; put up with it; tough luck; tough titty
> 2. exclamation of triumph when you want to rub someone's nose in it
>
> Examples:
>
> *BILL: I just missed out on first prize in the lottery by one number.
> OWEN: Suck on it.*
>
> *As you play the winning move in a game of skill or chance against others, you call out, "Suck on it!"*
>
>
>
Okay, the UB entry shows a functional definition and examples of how to use the expression. But what I want to know is, when the people in the conversation say or hear the expression "suck on it," is there a specific, implied referent for "it"? | 2019/10/02 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/514367",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/112436/"
] | It's possible that "suck on it" is related to "suck it up" which means to put up with something unpleasant. It is obscure as to its origins but there are suggestions from [wiktionary](https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/suck_it_up) and [the Urban dictionary](https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=suck%20it%20up) that it comes from: parade ground instructions to "suck in your stomach" when doing pressups; the expression "suck up your chest" meaning to take a deep breath and throw out your chest or from the necessity for a pilot to swallow his own vomit when he's been sick in his breathing mask.
Neither of these sources is exactly reliable and the idea that "suck on it" and "suck it up" are related is tentative but it is a possible meaning for the expression without the sexual inference. | I think this may simply reference something that you cannot enjoy by biting into it and rather something that takes time to dissolve much like the burn that is usually referenced when suck on it or this, is used. |
514,367 | My question is about the expression "suck on it."
Background (you can skip this paragraph if you want): at Spanish SE we were doing some back-translating of a game we were playing in Spanish. When we were trying to find an English equivalent for "Si os molesta, tirad de esta," a possible translation as "If it bothers you, suck on it" was proposed. This is not an expression I'm familiar with personally.
The only [definition of **suck on it**](https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=suck%20on%20it) I could find is from Urban Dictionary:
>
> 1. that's too bad; deal with it; put up with it; tough luck; tough titty
> 2. exclamation of triumph when you want to rub someone's nose in it
>
> Examples:
>
> *BILL: I just missed out on first prize in the lottery by one number.
> OWEN: Suck on it.*
>
> *As you play the winning move in a game of skill or chance against others, you call out, "Suck on it!"*
>
>
>
Okay, the UB entry shows a functional definition and examples of how to use the expression. But what I want to know is, when the people in the conversation say or hear the expression "suck on it," is there a specific, implied referent for "it"? | 2019/10/02 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/514367",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/112436/"
] | I decided to transfer what was meant as a comment into an answer because even constructive comments made *without malice* can be deleted because the author of a post can be offended by them. Political correctness runs both ways.
It's normally "sucking one's thumb" or "thumb sucking" or "(s)he sucks her/his thumb", not "suck on it".
If the burn or cut is minor, you can suggest "*try sucking on it*". But in the OP's specific situation *no one* is going to think the speaker is referring to a thumb, a finger, or any suckable part of the human anatomy that is *not* the male genitalia.
The, primarily, American English expressions, ***suck it up***, ***suck on it***, are **supposed to be vulgar**. | The formulation that the question is about is *suck **on** it*. That makes it somewhat surprising that most of those who have responded saw in it an allusion to fellatio: when the word *suck* is used to describe that act, it is usually used without *on*, or any other preposition. On the other hand, *suck on* is often used for very different activities: one sucks on a lollipop, a baby sucks on a dummy. What the activities that are typically described as sucking on something have in common is that they are relatively protracted. Lollipops and the confectionery that Americans call ‘hard candy’ are designed to release only a little bit of flavour at a time, so that consuming them is extended over a relatively long period (much longer that it would take to consume a differently made sweet of the same size). Because of that literal use for intentionally protracted activities, *suck on it* is a suitable term to use metaphorically to express something like ‘You will be stuck with this problem for a while, take your time with it, don’t expect any immediate resolution’. So used, the phrase does not carry any allusions to sexual matters, even though, needless to say, it is still highly informal.
This answer is an elaboration of the point that was originally made by Hot Licks in a couple of comments, but that hasn’t so far been engaged by any other contributors to this page. |
514,367 | My question is about the expression "suck on it."
Background (you can skip this paragraph if you want): at Spanish SE we were doing some back-translating of a game we were playing in Spanish. When we were trying to find an English equivalent for "Si os molesta, tirad de esta," a possible translation as "If it bothers you, suck on it" was proposed. This is not an expression I'm familiar with personally.
The only [definition of **suck on it**](https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=suck%20on%20it) I could find is from Urban Dictionary:
>
> 1. that's too bad; deal with it; put up with it; tough luck; tough titty
> 2. exclamation of triumph when you want to rub someone's nose in it
>
> Examples:
>
> *BILL: I just missed out on first prize in the lottery by one number.
> OWEN: Suck on it.*
>
> *As you play the winning move in a game of skill or chance against others, you call out, "Suck on it!"*
>
>
>
Okay, the UB entry shows a functional definition and examples of how to use the expression. But what I want to know is, when the people in the conversation say or hear the expression "suck on it," is there a specific, implied referent for "it"? | 2019/10/02 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/514367",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/112436/"
] | I decided to transfer what was meant as a comment into an answer because even constructive comments made *without malice* can be deleted because the author of a post can be offended by them. Political correctness runs both ways.
It's normally "sucking one's thumb" or "thumb sucking" or "(s)he sucks her/his thumb", not "suck on it".
If the burn or cut is minor, you can suggest "*try sucking on it*". But in the OP's specific situation *no one* is going to think the speaker is referring to a thumb, a finger, or any suckable part of the human anatomy that is *not* the male genitalia.
The, primarily, American English expressions, ***suck it up***, ***suck on it***, are **supposed to be vulgar**. | It's possible that "suck on it" is related to "suck it up" which means to put up with something unpleasant. It is obscure as to its origins but there are suggestions from [wiktionary](https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/suck_it_up) and [the Urban dictionary](https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=suck%20it%20up) that it comes from: parade ground instructions to "suck in your stomach" when doing pressups; the expression "suck up your chest" meaning to take a deep breath and throw out your chest or from the necessity for a pilot to swallow his own vomit when he's been sick in his breathing mask.
Neither of these sources is exactly reliable and the idea that "suck on it" and "suck it up" are related is tentative but it is a possible meaning for the expression without the sexual inference. |
514,367 | My question is about the expression "suck on it."
Background (you can skip this paragraph if you want): at Spanish SE we were doing some back-translating of a game we were playing in Spanish. When we were trying to find an English equivalent for "Si os molesta, tirad de esta," a possible translation as "If it bothers you, suck on it" was proposed. This is not an expression I'm familiar with personally.
The only [definition of **suck on it**](https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=suck%20on%20it) I could find is from Urban Dictionary:
>
> 1. that's too bad; deal with it; put up with it; tough luck; tough titty
> 2. exclamation of triumph when you want to rub someone's nose in it
>
> Examples:
>
> *BILL: I just missed out on first prize in the lottery by one number.
> OWEN: Suck on it.*
>
> *As you play the winning move in a game of skill or chance against others, you call out, "Suck on it!"*
>
>
>
Okay, the UB entry shows a functional definition and examples of how to use the expression. But what I want to know is, when the people in the conversation say or hear the expression "suck on it," is there a specific, implied referent for "it"? | 2019/10/02 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/514367",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/112436/"
] | *Suck on it!* usually implies fellatio.
But, it can be contextually clear you don't mean that.
>
> If your thumb bothers you, suck on it.
>
>
>
It can also be used to say, take that:
>
> I'm right and you're wrong. Suck on that!!
>
>
>
As in, keep that in your mouth and "enjoy" it for a while. | The vulgar referent is strongly implied, such that [proffering another object](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5c/Primus-Suck_on_This.jpg) on which to suck is still a double entendre. |
514,367 | My question is about the expression "suck on it."
Background (you can skip this paragraph if you want): at Spanish SE we were doing some back-translating of a game we were playing in Spanish. When we were trying to find an English equivalent for "Si os molesta, tirad de esta," a possible translation as "If it bothers you, suck on it" was proposed. This is not an expression I'm familiar with personally.
The only [definition of **suck on it**](https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=suck%20on%20it) I could find is from Urban Dictionary:
>
> 1. that's too bad; deal with it; put up with it; tough luck; tough titty
> 2. exclamation of triumph when you want to rub someone's nose in it
>
> Examples:
>
> *BILL: I just missed out on first prize in the lottery by one number.
> OWEN: Suck on it.*
>
> *As you play the winning move in a game of skill or chance against others, you call out, "Suck on it!"*
>
>
>
Okay, the UB entry shows a functional definition and examples of how to use the expression. But what I want to know is, when the people in the conversation say or hear the expression "suck on it," is there a specific, implied referent for "it"? | 2019/10/02 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/514367",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/112436/"
] | *Suck on it!* usually implies fellatio.
But, it can be contextually clear you don't mean that.
>
> If your thumb bothers you, suck on it.
>
>
>
It can also be used to say, take that:
>
> I'm right and you're wrong. Suck on that!!
>
>
>
As in, keep that in your mouth and "enjoy" it for a while. | The formulation that the question is about is *suck **on** it*. That makes it somewhat surprising that most of those who have responded saw in it an allusion to fellatio: when the word *suck* is used to describe that act, it is usually used without *on*, or any other preposition. On the other hand, *suck on* is often used for very different activities: one sucks on a lollipop, a baby sucks on a dummy. What the activities that are typically described as sucking on something have in common is that they are relatively protracted. Lollipops and the confectionery that Americans call ‘hard candy’ are designed to release only a little bit of flavour at a time, so that consuming them is extended over a relatively long period (much longer that it would take to consume a differently made sweet of the same size). Because of that literal use for intentionally protracted activities, *suck on it* is a suitable term to use metaphorically to express something like ‘You will be stuck with this problem for a while, take your time with it, don’t expect any immediate resolution’. So used, the phrase does not carry any allusions to sexual matters, even though, needless to say, it is still highly informal.
This answer is an elaboration of the point that was originally made by Hot Licks in a couple of comments, but that hasn’t so far been engaged by any other contributors to this page. |
514,367 | My question is about the expression "suck on it."
Background (you can skip this paragraph if you want): at Spanish SE we were doing some back-translating of a game we were playing in Spanish. When we were trying to find an English equivalent for "Si os molesta, tirad de esta," a possible translation as "If it bothers you, suck on it" was proposed. This is not an expression I'm familiar with personally.
The only [definition of **suck on it**](https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=suck%20on%20it) I could find is from Urban Dictionary:
>
> 1. that's too bad; deal with it; put up with it; tough luck; tough titty
> 2. exclamation of triumph when you want to rub someone's nose in it
>
> Examples:
>
> *BILL: I just missed out on first prize in the lottery by one number.
> OWEN: Suck on it.*
>
> *As you play the winning move in a game of skill or chance against others, you call out, "Suck on it!"*
>
>
>
Okay, the UB entry shows a functional definition and examples of how to use the expression. But what I want to know is, when the people in the conversation say or hear the expression "suck on it," is there a specific, implied referent for "it"? | 2019/10/02 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/514367",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/112436/"
] | I think the fellatio notion is quite clear:
***[Suck:](https://www.etymonline.com/word/suck)***
>
> Meaning "do fellatio" is first recorded 1928. Slang sense of "be contemptible" first attested 1971 (the underlying notion is of fellatio).
>
>
>
(Etymonline)
also
***[Suck (on) this!](https://greensdictofslang.com/entry/2y2fsbq#xyy4zna)***,
a dismissive or challenging exclamation:
>
> 1978 [US] H. Selby Jr Requiem for a Dream (1987) 41: *[He] told it in a soft, vicious voice, Suck on this.*
>
>
>
(GDoS) | I think this may simply reference something that you cannot enjoy by biting into it and rather something that takes time to dissolve much like the burn that is usually referenced when suck on it or this, is used. |
514,367 | My question is about the expression "suck on it."
Background (you can skip this paragraph if you want): at Spanish SE we were doing some back-translating of a game we were playing in Spanish. When we were trying to find an English equivalent for "Si os molesta, tirad de esta," a possible translation as "If it bothers you, suck on it" was proposed. This is not an expression I'm familiar with personally.
The only [definition of **suck on it**](https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=suck%20on%20it) I could find is from Urban Dictionary:
>
> 1. that's too bad; deal with it; put up with it; tough luck; tough titty
> 2. exclamation of triumph when you want to rub someone's nose in it
>
> Examples:
>
> *BILL: I just missed out on first prize in the lottery by one number.
> OWEN: Suck on it.*
>
> *As you play the winning move in a game of skill or chance against others, you call out, "Suck on it!"*
>
>
>
Okay, the UB entry shows a functional definition and examples of how to use the expression. But what I want to know is, when the people in the conversation say or hear the expression "suck on it," is there a specific, implied referent for "it"? | 2019/10/02 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/514367",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/112436/"
] | I decided to transfer what was meant as a comment into an answer because even constructive comments made *without malice* can be deleted because the author of a post can be offended by them. Political correctness runs both ways.
It's normally "sucking one's thumb" or "thumb sucking" or "(s)he sucks her/his thumb", not "suck on it".
If the burn or cut is minor, you can suggest "*try sucking on it*". But in the OP's specific situation *no one* is going to think the speaker is referring to a thumb, a finger, or any suckable part of the human anatomy that is *not* the male genitalia.
The, primarily, American English expressions, ***suck it up***, ***suck on it***, are **supposed to be vulgar**. | I think the fellatio notion is quite clear:
***[Suck:](https://www.etymonline.com/word/suck)***
>
> Meaning "do fellatio" is first recorded 1928. Slang sense of "be contemptible" first attested 1971 (the underlying notion is of fellatio).
>
>
>
(Etymonline)
also
***[Suck (on) this!](https://greensdictofslang.com/entry/2y2fsbq#xyy4zna)***,
a dismissive or challenging exclamation:
>
> 1978 [US] H. Selby Jr Requiem for a Dream (1987) 41: *[He] told it in a soft, vicious voice, Suck on this.*
>
>
>
(GDoS) |
209,174 | I'm using JSON web tokens for authentication in my app. Since data is pulled from protected routes in the API, security tokens are stored in the frontend.
My question is this: Is using HTML's localStorage to store JWTs (nothing else) an unsafe option compared to cookies? I understand cookies have their own disadvantages, but I'm looking for the safest way available to store a JWT locally. | 2019/04/28 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/209174",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/204197/"
] | *localStorage* should never be used for storing **any** sensitive data; if you absolutely **must** use something other than cookies, use at least only sessionStorage instead, which is only available to that window/tab until the window is closed.
* You cannot control the expiration time like you can do with cookies.
* A single XSS vulnerability can be used to *steal* all the information from data inside localStorage, also it persists when you close the tab.
* localStorage doesn't have any options to restrict the visibility of an object to a specific path like with the attribute path of HTTP Cookies.
Cookies are ideal because you have much more control over them: <https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Set-Cookie>
You can specify a number of attributes/flags, like: Secure, HttpOnly, SameSite, HostOnly.
* It wasn't designed as a secure storage mechanism, and it's implementation can vary from browser to browser.
* There is no way to restrict script-access to information stored in localStorage, which *is* possible with the *HttpOnly* attribute for cookies.
* Cookies are stored encrypted on the client computer, unlike data in local storage.
**OWASP** strongly advises to never use local storage for storing any sensitive information:
>
> Any authentication your application requires can be bypassed by a user with local privileges to the machine on which the data is stored. **Therefore, it's recommended not to store any sensitive information in local storage.**
>
>
>
JWTs are **highly sensitive** data. Not only because they act as tokens for authentication, but they also very often contain sensitive data like email/username, roles, etc. only *base64-encoded* (although best practice is to avoid that). So they are often still to be considered sensitive data even when they are not valid anymore.
I recommend to read the corresponding section in OWASP's HTML5 Security Cheat Sheet: <https://github.com/OWASP/CheatSheetSeries/blob/master/cheatsheets/HTML5_Security_Cheat_Sheet.md>
An interesting read about the topic can be found at: <https://dev.to/rdegges/please-stop-using-local-storage-1i04> | Using localStorage is no less safe than using cookies, with two exceptions:
1. It's possible to set cookies as HTTPOnly, but then they'd be unusable from JavaScript, which in this case would defeat the purpose).
2. There's no equivalent of a cookie's "path" for localStorage, but this would only matter if you're running untrusted code in the same origin anyway, which invalidates pretty much every security guarantee.
In fact, localStorage may even be safer, as it isn't sent to the server automatically with each request, which means there's no ambient authentication, and thus less risk of CSRF. |
19,840,608 | I have a workflow that create an email which have attachments files. But when i export the solution and then importe it in a new environment, i can't find those attachments.
Any idees ? how can i import email attachements in the workflow ?
Thx | 2013/11/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/19840608",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1876511/"
] | As the email attachments are not part of the solution, you must update the email activity of the workflow after import. | Attachments/AvtivityMimeAttachment(email)/Notes exist in there own entities.
See: <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/gg309364.aspx> |
78,377 | I am assuming there is an optimal why to set up my data to achieve my goal of predicting who will retire next year.
I can think of two methods. Which do you think is the most appropriate and why? Or if you can think of another alternative please let me know. Would your answer be different if I wanted to know who is likely to retire in the next two years? three years?
Each method assumes 5 years of training data, for example 2008 - 2012 to predict who will retire in 2013.
**Method 1**
* Include a row of data for each employee for each year that they are
active (did not retire) and one row for when they retire. In the year that they retire they generally have two rows (one for active and one for retire).
* Each active year is snapshot employee data as of January 1st. Retiree
data is as of date of retirement.
* Example scenarios are provided below.
**Method 2**
* Include one row of data for each employee that was active (did not retire) during the entire time period and one row for each employee that retired. In this example each employee only appears once in the training set.
**BACKGROUND:**
* I'm trying to predict who is likely to retire next year.
* Population: All employees who are 55 years of age or older and have at least 5 years of service.
* I'm using Random Forest (I have began experimenting w/ logistic regression...not much experience though).
* I have a binary outcome and my predictors are made of both continuous and factor variables. My binary outcome is retire or not-retire (continued working). Examples of continuous variables are age of employee, years they were with the company and salary. Examples of factor variables are retirement plan type (pension or 401k), job type (exempt vs. non-exempt),Highest Education Level, Department.
**Method 1 Data Examples (predicting '13)**
* Person A was here '08 through '12 and retired on '13
* Person B was here '08 through '11 and retired on '12
* Person C was here '08 through '13
* Person D retired in '08 (he was here previous years too but the
training data in the example only goes back to '08) | 2013/12/03 | [
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/78377",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/users/11944/"
] | I agree with EdM. Your overarching question reads like survival analysis. CRAN has a whole [Task View](https://cran.r-project.org/web/views/Survival.html) associated with the various flavors and packages for survival analysis.
Alternative, you might look into a [mixed effects logistoc regression model](http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/r/dae/melogit.htm). Logistic, because you have a dichotomous outcome (retired, not retired); mixed, because you likely have both fixed and random effects. There are repeated observations for the same individual. I do not use this technique myself, but I know of colleagues who use it for estimating probability of a student dropping out from school. Seems pretty analagous.
A random forest seems like an odd choice, to me; it'll build out, no doubt, but you're not really exploiting the repeated observations, and the time element. | Why not try them both and see which works best? I think method 1 is probably better (and will give you a much larger dataset to work with), but I think you should just try both methods and see which model performs better. |
140,279 | So I've just got a small vps. I've installed apc, which sped up normal pages by 20% - 30%. I was reading about memcached and came to the conclusion that I can use apc for the same thing (caching objects from database results) if I'm not distributing over other servers. Since I only have the one server, apc will be just as beneficial for caching things in memory.
I'm still in development mode, and I'm sure it's hard to tell what would be best for production mode. The thing is, my database queries seem pretty fast (between .0008 and .02). None of my pages are way database intensive.
Would it be beneficial to me to cache results in memory? If the database is running well right now, is it going to be having a hard time later? Also, is connecting to the database at all something that costs speed (even if I cache most of my queries, every page has to have a little database interaction for session data). So, basically if I have a limited ram, and one machine, will using apc rather than just letting the database be uncached be much faster?
Ideas? | 2010/05/10 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/140279",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/41287/"
] | Your database queries are fast now. But do they scale? Have you tried adding a realistic amount of real-world data and then trying again? Does that one query work great with 8 members but horribly with 400,000 members?
Whether to cache or not is completely application and situation specific. If you expect load to grow by a lot and your bottleneck is CPU then caching will help you, if on the other hand your bottleneck is RAM and you're using swap then it's going to hurt you.
I'm not really doing the whole to cache or not to cache discussion justice, but that's the very basic question you need to ask yourself. | It's hard to say where the best balance may be found. APC's object cache is usually used for storing objects that take a relatively long time to recreate, e.g. database resultsets that are too large to be cached by the database's own query cache or for temporary data structures that would be nice to persist between PHP requests.
Your database queries seem plenty fast. If your query cache hitrate is in the >95% range then already most results are being served from memory and APC's cache won't help much. If you do any processing on the db results, then it might pay of to store that result in memory.
Connecting to the database is relatively costly, so reusing a connection by making it a singleton is a good idea. Some database abstractions, such as the one in Zend Framework, delay making the actual connection until it is actually needed.
It's hard to give specific advice since the benefits are so dependent on your application and your server. I'd suggest using a profiler like Xdebug or Zend Debugger to see exactly where your time is going. Measuring is knowing. |
218,316 | My story has generally humanoid, human-sized creatures with insect-like exoskeletons. Assuming their joints and bone structure work as closely as possible to their internal-skeleton counterparts (and that lower gravity allows the exoskeleton not to collapse), would hand-to-hand fighting/fist-fighting have any major differences? Are there weak points/strong points in an exoskeleton that could be exposed with peak-human-level strength? I thought for example that a fighter may grab and tear the other’s shell away, or that a heavy blow could fracture chitin and suffocate an opponent. Could this generally work, or would hand-to-hand fighting be generally fruitless with an exoskeleton? | 2021/11/30 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/218316",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/89938/"
] | If there are no tools, it would seem that attacking joints to pierce, sever or tear limbs would be very effective. Depending on the biology, lost limbs could be a nuisance or they could be fatal.
From a sheer strength standpoint, unless the creatures have special snapping limbs to provide incredible impulse or momentum, I doubt a single hit could crack the "chest" or "back". For two reasons:
First, look at humans. No matter how hard a powerlifter or boxer punches another person in the chest, it is unlikely to cause complete destruction of the ribcage. Most humans simply cannot destroy others in a single hit. It takes repeated hits in one place to break bones for most attackers. In part, I think this has something to do with the idea that you (generally) cannot exert forces that would break your own body. It would just kill too many creatures by accident. If you could punch with enough force to shatter a skull or ribcage, you would be subject your own skeleton to some non-trivial amount of the hit as a counterforce.
The second reason is thematic. If they have exoskeletons, these creatures are probably hard to kill. It would seem silly to just have them able to crack each other open, when nothing else on the planet has evolved along the same lines. | Boxers knock people out not by destroying their skulls but by shaking their brains. A human head is the closest we have to an exoskeleton part of the body. People can be knocked out or killed even wearing steel helmets.
The major difference would be to target punches to areas overlying vulnerable organs. The strikes can transmit force through the carapace.
But just like humans almost any melee weapon is preferable in a fight to the death than your fists. If only as a force multiplier or puncture weapon. |
218,316 | My story has generally humanoid, human-sized creatures with insect-like exoskeletons. Assuming their joints and bone structure work as closely as possible to their internal-skeleton counterparts (and that lower gravity allows the exoskeleton not to collapse), would hand-to-hand fighting/fist-fighting have any major differences? Are there weak points/strong points in an exoskeleton that could be exposed with peak-human-level strength? I thought for example that a fighter may grab and tear the other’s shell away, or that a heavy blow could fracture chitin and suffocate an opponent. Could this generally work, or would hand-to-hand fighting be generally fruitless with an exoskeleton? | 2021/11/30 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/218316",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/89938/"
] | If there are no tools, it would seem that attacking joints to pierce, sever or tear limbs would be very effective. Depending on the biology, lost limbs could be a nuisance or they could be fatal.
From a sheer strength standpoint, unless the creatures have special snapping limbs to provide incredible impulse or momentum, I doubt a single hit could crack the "chest" or "back". For two reasons:
First, look at humans. No matter how hard a powerlifter or boxer punches another person in the chest, it is unlikely to cause complete destruction of the ribcage. Most humans simply cannot destroy others in a single hit. It takes repeated hits in one place to break bones for most attackers. In part, I think this has something to do with the idea that you (generally) cannot exert forces that would break your own body. It would just kill too many creatures by accident. If you could punch with enough force to shatter a skull or ribcage, you would be subject your own skeleton to some non-trivial amount of the hit as a counterforce.
The second reason is thematic. If they have exoskeletons, these creatures are probably hard to kill. It would seem silly to just have them able to crack each other open, when nothing else on the planet has evolved along the same lines. | The "smasher" varieties of [mantis shrimp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantis_shrimp) accelerate their club-like claws at over 10,000g to deliver shell crushing (150Kg force) blows to their victims.
Similarly for our humanoids, the "fists" of the exoskeleton are heavily armoured and used like a [mace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mace_(bludgeon)) that can break bones. Highly elastic tendons of the triceps, like those found in a kangaroo's hamstrings, can store tension while the contracting muscles (biceps) hold the fist back until ready to strike, which when released happens in the blink of an eye. |
218,316 | My story has generally humanoid, human-sized creatures with insect-like exoskeletons. Assuming their joints and bone structure work as closely as possible to their internal-skeleton counterparts (and that lower gravity allows the exoskeleton not to collapse), would hand-to-hand fighting/fist-fighting have any major differences? Are there weak points/strong points in an exoskeleton that could be exposed with peak-human-level strength? I thought for example that a fighter may grab and tear the other’s shell away, or that a heavy blow could fracture chitin and suffocate an opponent. Could this generally work, or would hand-to-hand fighting be generally fruitless with an exoskeleton? | 2021/11/30 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/218316",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/89938/"
] | If there are no tools, it would seem that attacking joints to pierce, sever or tear limbs would be very effective. Depending on the biology, lost limbs could be a nuisance or they could be fatal.
From a sheer strength standpoint, unless the creatures have special snapping limbs to provide incredible impulse or momentum, I doubt a single hit could crack the "chest" or "back". For two reasons:
First, look at humans. No matter how hard a powerlifter or boxer punches another person in the chest, it is unlikely to cause complete destruction of the ribcage. Most humans simply cannot destroy others in a single hit. It takes repeated hits in one place to break bones for most attackers. In part, I think this has something to do with the idea that you (generally) cannot exert forces that would break your own body. It would just kill too many creatures by accident. If you could punch with enough force to shatter a skull or ribcage, you would be subject your own skeleton to some non-trivial amount of the hit as a counterforce.
The second reason is thematic. If they have exoskeletons, these creatures are probably hard to kill. It would seem silly to just have them able to crack each other open, when nothing else on the planet has evolved along the same lines. | >
> would hand-to-hand fighting/fist-fighting have any major differences?
>
>
>
The Martial Arts that we have created on Earth are a specialized series of attacks and movements meant to deal with humans. Through generations of study, we created attacks methods to attack the organs and joints and deliver a series of blows that are meant to strategically corner your human opponent.
All of that goes out the window when you're fighting something that isn't a human. Martial Arts designed to deal with non-human targets would need to be redesigned to attack their new weak-points and defend against their new range of motion.
For example, many martial arts have grapples and holds that are designed to restrain a human efficiently, and put the attacker in an advantageous position. Those holds only work with a human's joints and skeletal structure. A Hold that would restrain a human-sized insect would need to adjust to the new joints, ranges of motion, and attack the weakest angles of their musculature.
Entire styles of fighting will be obsolete due to the difference in strength, number of arms, body height, body weight, etc.
Martial Arts in your world would be very different that anything we have come up with on Earth. |
218,316 | My story has generally humanoid, human-sized creatures with insect-like exoskeletons. Assuming their joints and bone structure work as closely as possible to their internal-skeleton counterparts (and that lower gravity allows the exoskeleton not to collapse), would hand-to-hand fighting/fist-fighting have any major differences? Are there weak points/strong points in an exoskeleton that could be exposed with peak-human-level strength? I thought for example that a fighter may grab and tear the other’s shell away, or that a heavy blow could fracture chitin and suffocate an opponent. Could this generally work, or would hand-to-hand fighting be generally fruitless with an exoskeleton? | 2021/11/30 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/218316",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/89938/"
] | Boxers knock people out not by destroying their skulls but by shaking their brains. A human head is the closest we have to an exoskeleton part of the body. People can be knocked out or killed even wearing steel helmets.
The major difference would be to target punches to areas overlying vulnerable organs. The strikes can transmit force through the carapace.
But just like humans almost any melee weapon is preferable in a fight to the death than your fists. If only as a force multiplier or puncture weapon. | >
> would hand-to-hand fighting/fist-fighting have any major differences?
>
>
>
The Martial Arts that we have created on Earth are a specialized series of attacks and movements meant to deal with humans. Through generations of study, we created attacks methods to attack the organs and joints and deliver a series of blows that are meant to strategically corner your human opponent.
All of that goes out the window when you're fighting something that isn't a human. Martial Arts designed to deal with non-human targets would need to be redesigned to attack their new weak-points and defend against their new range of motion.
For example, many martial arts have grapples and holds that are designed to restrain a human efficiently, and put the attacker in an advantageous position. Those holds only work with a human's joints and skeletal structure. A Hold that would restrain a human-sized insect would need to adjust to the new joints, ranges of motion, and attack the weakest angles of their musculature.
Entire styles of fighting will be obsolete due to the difference in strength, number of arms, body height, body weight, etc.
Martial Arts in your world would be very different that anything we have come up with on Earth. |
218,316 | My story has generally humanoid, human-sized creatures with insect-like exoskeletons. Assuming their joints and bone structure work as closely as possible to their internal-skeleton counterparts (and that lower gravity allows the exoskeleton not to collapse), would hand-to-hand fighting/fist-fighting have any major differences? Are there weak points/strong points in an exoskeleton that could be exposed with peak-human-level strength? I thought for example that a fighter may grab and tear the other’s shell away, or that a heavy blow could fracture chitin and suffocate an opponent. Could this generally work, or would hand-to-hand fighting be generally fruitless with an exoskeleton? | 2021/11/30 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/218316",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/89938/"
] | The "smasher" varieties of [mantis shrimp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantis_shrimp) accelerate their club-like claws at over 10,000g to deliver shell crushing (150Kg force) blows to their victims.
Similarly for our humanoids, the "fists" of the exoskeleton are heavily armoured and used like a [mace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mace_(bludgeon)) that can break bones. Highly elastic tendons of the triceps, like those found in a kangaroo's hamstrings, can store tension while the contracting muscles (biceps) hold the fist back until ready to strike, which when released happens in the blink of an eye. | >
> would hand-to-hand fighting/fist-fighting have any major differences?
>
>
>
The Martial Arts that we have created on Earth are a specialized series of attacks and movements meant to deal with humans. Through generations of study, we created attacks methods to attack the organs and joints and deliver a series of blows that are meant to strategically corner your human opponent.
All of that goes out the window when you're fighting something that isn't a human. Martial Arts designed to deal with non-human targets would need to be redesigned to attack their new weak-points and defend against their new range of motion.
For example, many martial arts have grapples and holds that are designed to restrain a human efficiently, and put the attacker in an advantageous position. Those holds only work with a human's joints and skeletal structure. A Hold that would restrain a human-sized insect would need to adjust to the new joints, ranges of motion, and attack the weakest angles of their musculature.
Entire styles of fighting will be obsolete due to the difference in strength, number of arms, body height, body weight, etc.
Martial Arts in your world would be very different that anything we have come up with on Earth. |
20,869,658 | So, I have a ton ob objects, each having several fields, including a c-array, which are modified within their "Update()" method. Now I create several threads, each updating a section of these objects. As far as I understand calling lock() before calling the update function would be useless, since this would essentially cause the updates being called in a sequential order just like they would be without multithreading. Now, there objects have pointers, cross referencing to each other. Do I need to call lock every time ANY field is modified, or just before specific operations (like delete, re-initializing arrays, etc?) | 2014/01/01 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/20869658",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1071988/"
] | >
> Do I need to call lock every time ANY field is modified, or just before specific operations (like delete, re-initializing arrays, etc?)
>
>
>
Neither. You need to have a lock even to read, to make sure another thread isn't part way through modifying the data you're reading. You might want to use a many reader / one writer lock. I suggest you start by having a single lock (whether a simple mutex or the more elaborate multi-reader/writer lock) and get the code working so you can *profile* it and see whether you actually *need* more fine-grained locking, then you'll have a bit more experience and understanding of options and advice about how to manage that.
If you do need fine-grained locking, then the trick is to think about where the locks logically belong - for example - there could be one per object. You'll then need to learn about techniques for avoiding deadlocks. You should do some background reading too. | It depends on the consequences of the data changes you want to make. If each thread is, for example, changing well defined sub-blocks of data *and* each sub-block is entirely independent of all other sub-blocks then it might make sense to have a mutex per sub-block.
That would allow one thread to deal with one set of sub-blocks whilst another gets a different subset to process.
Having threads make changes without gaining a mutex lock first is going to lead to inconsistencies at best...
If the data and processing isn't subdivisible that way then you would probably have to start thinking about how you might handle whole objects in parallel, ie adopt a coarser granularity and one mutex per object. This is perhaps more likely to be possible - different objects are supposed to be independent of each other, so it should in theory be possible to process their data in parallel.
However the unavoidable truth is that some computer jobs require fast single thread performance. For that one starts seriously needing the right sort of supercomputer and perhaps some jolly long pipelines. |
363,093 | I have an Ubuntu server. What are good tools that monitor my logs and can send me email notifications when errors (or other types of messages) occur? I've heard of [logwatch](http://sourceforge.net/projects/logwatch/files/) and [logcheck](http://logcheck.org/). What are others? | 2012/02/23 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/363093",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/88755/"
] | You may be interested in [Splunk](http://www.splunk.com) also. | Try the [Simple Event Correlator (SEC)](http://simple-evcorr.sourceforge.net/). Pretty steep learning curve. But once you figure it out, you can easily build rules to watch your logs in real time. |
363,093 | I have an Ubuntu server. What are good tools that monitor my logs and can send me email notifications when errors (or other types of messages) occur? I've heard of [logwatch](http://sourceforge.net/projects/logwatch/files/) and [logcheck](http://logcheck.org/). What are others? | 2012/02/23 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/363093",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/88755/"
] | You may be interested in [Splunk](http://www.splunk.com) also. | You may be interested in using [LogZilla](http://www.logzilla.pro). It is free for small networks and does everything you need very well.
Full disclosure: I am the creator :-) |
363,093 | I have an Ubuntu server. What are good tools that monitor my logs and can send me email notifications when errors (or other types of messages) occur? I've heard of [logwatch](http://sourceforge.net/projects/logwatch/files/) and [logcheck](http://logcheck.org/). What are others? | 2012/02/23 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/363093",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/88755/"
] | You may be interested in [Splunk](http://www.splunk.com) also. | logwatch and logcheck run periodically, so these might not be the best choice if you need real-time alerting. There is also log2mail. Syslog-ng and [nxlog](http://nxlog.org) can do real-time alerting based on patterns (disclaimer: I'm affiliated with the latter). |
363,093 | I have an Ubuntu server. What are good tools that monitor my logs and can send me email notifications when errors (or other types of messages) occur? I've heard of [logwatch](http://sourceforge.net/projects/logwatch/files/) and [logcheck](http://logcheck.org/). What are others? | 2012/02/23 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/363093",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/88755/"
] | I have been incredibly impressed with [graylog2](http://www.graylog2.com/) It does a decent job. In the slightly older version it was leveraging mongodb to make capped data collections. Now it's moved on to elasticsearch. Pretty cool! | Try the [Simple Event Correlator (SEC)](http://simple-evcorr.sourceforge.net/). Pretty steep learning curve. But once you figure it out, you can easily build rules to watch your logs in real time. |
363,093 | I have an Ubuntu server. What are good tools that monitor my logs and can send me email notifications when errors (or other types of messages) occur? I've heard of [logwatch](http://sourceforge.net/projects/logwatch/files/) and [logcheck](http://logcheck.org/). What are others? | 2012/02/23 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/363093",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/88755/"
] | I have been incredibly impressed with [graylog2](http://www.graylog2.com/) It does a decent job. In the slightly older version it was leveraging mongodb to make capped data collections. Now it's moved on to elasticsearch. Pretty cool! | You may be interested in using [LogZilla](http://www.logzilla.pro). It is free for small networks and does everything you need very well.
Full disclosure: I am the creator :-) |
363,093 | I have an Ubuntu server. What are good tools that monitor my logs and can send me email notifications when errors (or other types of messages) occur? I've heard of [logwatch](http://sourceforge.net/projects/logwatch/files/) and [logcheck](http://logcheck.org/). What are others? | 2012/02/23 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/363093",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/88755/"
] | I have been incredibly impressed with [graylog2](http://www.graylog2.com/) It does a decent job. In the slightly older version it was leveraging mongodb to make capped data collections. Now it's moved on to elasticsearch. Pretty cool! | logwatch and logcheck run periodically, so these might not be the best choice if you need real-time alerting. There is also log2mail. Syslog-ng and [nxlog](http://nxlog.org) can do real-time alerting based on patterns (disclaimer: I'm affiliated with the latter). |
330,607 | When writing an answer on a site where you don't have an account or are not logged in, below the answer entry textbox are options to create an account or continue as guest by providing a nickname and email.
I had written an answer of several paragraphs on a network site, clicked "Sign up with Google" (resulting in association to my existing network-wide profile) but after doing so instead of showing my answer to be posted, only the first five or six words were retained. I know that I had no account on this site previously because I just received the association bonus... I cannot tell whether the bug also affects totally new users or those with accounts but who are not logged in.
This is a very unwelcoming user experience. Please fix it.
If the intended workflow is to click "Post Answer" first and associate the account afterwards, then the sign up options should not be shown until the answer is posted, and *certainly not above the Post Answer button*.
This problem also occurs if you already have an account on the site, and click 'sign up with google' (which allows you to successfully log in). | 2019/07/08 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/330607",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/135695/"
] | ### How I ran into it
After completing my post, I clicked 'sign in' > 'sign in with google' to leverage my network account that has Google login capability.
As soon as the login+account was created, I was shown my post, and to my horror only the first 2 lines remained (out of 15 or so).
I am using the most up-to-date version of Chrome on a Mac. I believe this also happened perhaps a year ago, so I suspect there is either a missing autosave when clicking the button that leaves the page, or an issue that not necessarily the latest version is displayed.
### The workaround that worked for me
In a moment of clarity I went back 5x to the previous page (directly after seeing that I only had 2 lines left) and found the full text.
---
However, there can be only one conclusion, as it is clearly not a single incident:
This should be fixed
-------------------- | A workaround would be to open the Sign Up page in a new tab or window by right-clicking it. |
91,670 | Do singers need to practice singing without accompaniment? If so, should the singer always practice singing the melody acapella? | 2019/11/07 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/91670",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | There are times when I need to sing with no accompaniment in order to accomplish what might be referred to as muscle memory for my voice. When I repeat sections of a song over and over and can hear precisely what my voice is doing, it makes it possible for me to alter expression and emotion, play with the rhythm and check my pitch. I can best do this without accompaniment. When I have it worked out to suit myself, that's when I work out the accompaniment to compliment my singing. All the repetition helps the singing become a little more automatic and still communicate the emotion I wish to convey. However I won't say that my technique will work for everybody. Folks need to find what works for themselves. | I would say: Yes, they need to! But they should not always. The aim is to be independent of the accompaniment but also to sing according and listening to other instruments.
But like Dekkadeci seems to suggest in his comment:
This will be a process. It is not helpful if they can't keep pitch and get out of tune.
The best is you start with playback singing and then always turn the playback lower.\*1)
It will also benefit to accompany yourself by a keyboard or a guitar ... and then training to sing one verse with and one verse without accompaniment to have control of the pitch.
If you have a bad result you could also check after a phrase with a tune fork, a recorder, a keyboard if you are still in pitch and you will find out the measure or the interval where you get out of pitch - often it is not the ear but the voice technic e.g. a part is too high.
\*1) What we used to practice at school with our classes was so called "tunnel singing":
The children sing with support of play-back ... and suddenly I turn the volume down: this is a funny and joyful practice to keep the pitch and also to stay in time.
If you want to increase your ability you may train to sing a tune while there is another playing in a different key. Or study a song of Webern while you are listening to a popsong or an cantata by Bach. |
91,670 | Do singers need to practice singing without accompaniment? If so, should the singer always practice singing the melody acapella? | 2019/11/07 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/91670",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | There are times when I need to sing with no accompaniment in order to accomplish what might be referred to as muscle memory for my voice. When I repeat sections of a song over and over and can hear precisely what my voice is doing, it makes it possible for me to alter expression and emotion, play with the rhythm and check my pitch. I can best do this without accompaniment. When I have it worked out to suit myself, that's when I work out the accompaniment to compliment my singing. All the repetition helps the singing become a little more automatic and still communicate the emotion I wish to convey. However I won't say that my technique will work for everybody. Folks need to find what works for themselves. | Reading between the lines of this question - are we asking if singers should practice singing without the original version playing? A lot of people 'sing along' with a recording. Take away the recorded voice, they realise it was doing all the work!
If a song is GOING to be accompanied, by live piano or backing track, there's no particular virtue in singing it without. But you should certainly be able to sing it without the support of the original artiste!
On a more general level, not about learning one particular song but about learning to SING, yes, ability to sing in tune (and in time) without any support is very important. But your teacher must check that you ARE singing correctly. It's very easy to mess up the timing, or even to sing each phrase in a different key in order to keep in your 'easy' range. |
91,670 | Do singers need to practice singing without accompaniment? If so, should the singer always practice singing the melody acapella? | 2019/11/07 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/91670",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | There are times when I need to sing with no accompaniment in order to accomplish what might be referred to as muscle memory for my voice. When I repeat sections of a song over and over and can hear precisely what my voice is doing, it makes it possible for me to alter expression and emotion, play with the rhythm and check my pitch. I can best do this without accompaniment. When I have it worked out to suit myself, that's when I work out the accompaniment to compliment my singing. All the repetition helps the singing become a little more automatic and still communicate the emotion I wish to convey. However I won't say that my technique will work for everybody. Folks need to find what works for themselves. | The answer is: "both."
You need to be able to sing on your own - see "Solfege" for starters -- to train your voice and your brain to be able to stay on pitch.
At the same time, you need to learn to sing with accompaniment, be it vocal or instrumental, so that you can stay in tune with the group even if they go slightly off-pitch. It's always better for the group to be in tune with itself than for one person to be right on-pitch but out of tune. |
26,354 | (This question is meant to be a resource to direct others to given that this is a common question.)
Given the task of creating an image that will be printed at a certain size, what pixel dimensions and resolution should I be setting my file at? | 2014/01/17 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/26354",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/306/"
] | The only definitive answer to this question is: **Ask your vendor**.
Every vendor, every printer, every t-shirt maker, etc will have their own particular preferences as to how they want to receive files and how they want them set up. Discussing this with your vendor before you begin is crucial to ensure that the process goes smoothly.
The general rules of thumb, however:
**Offset printing of brochures, business cards, menus, postcards, etc.: *300ppi***
Generally, for printing materials that you'd tend to consume at an arm's length (brochures, flyers, business cads, etc) you are going to want to set up your file at 300ppi. This will provide enough image data to produce an image of decent quality. If necessary, you can usually drop to 240ppi and still be safe.
Exceptions to the rule:
* one color line art: If your image is primarily solid line art you may want to increase the resolution to 600ppi+.
* newsprint: lower quality paper, such as newsprint, will have much greater ink-bleed (the process of the paper absorbing the ink). As such, it can't hold the same level of detail as higher quality paper. 200dpi is usually the max for newsprint.
* high quality printing and/or stochastic printing: for high end publications, such as photography and art books, luxury glossy magazines, etc, you may be able to benefit from much greater detail and would want to provide higher resolution images.
* text heavy files. Note that the 300ppi rule-of-thumb is for photographic/illustration type images. Anything that will be printed with multiple colors (such as CMYK). For type, however, 300dpi is rather low to give fine detail to your type. Ideally, your type would not be part of a raster image file, but rather typeset in a resolution-agnostic file format such as Adobe Illustrator or Adobe InDesign. If you must have small type set inside your raster image, however, you will want to increase the ppi to at least 600.
**Screen Printing: *no higher than 300ppi***
Screen printing quality is heavily dependent on the substrate that it is being printed on, the mesh count (screen frequency), and the ink used. Fine art prints on baryta coated paper can get away with resolutions close to 300ppi. That Hanes t-shirt can likely handle no more than 75ppi.
**Inkjet/Giclee: *Minimum of 300ppi***
Inkjets have gotten amazingly good and a lot of art is now printed directly to Inkjet. The fancy term for this is "Giclee". Today's printers can handle at least 300ppi and many can go much higher--especially those that use 6 color printing.
**Large format printing (any method): *typically <72ppi - 150ppi***
This category can range wildly from advertising posters, vehicle wraps, 2 story billboards, etc. The variable to consider is the distance the viewer will be from the material. A person driving on a highway will never be able to discern the difference between 300dpi on a billboard and 40dpi. You would up close, of course, but the only people viewing a billboard up close are those installing it. Most advertising posters can get away with 100ppi. Vehicle wraps, much less.
Exceptions to the rule:
* the vendor may ask you to provide art at a smaller size than the actual printed size. For instance, if a billboard is to be 20' wide, the vendor may ask you to send a file 20 inches wide. If the billboard will be printed at 40ppi, then your 20" wide file would need to be set to 480ppi to allow for the scaling (12X40).
**Generic Exceptions to the above rules**
* All the above rules-of-thumb apply to *raster* files only (pixel based files such as Photoshop). *Vector* based files (such as SVG or Illustrator) don't have a resolution restriction. This is the great thing about vector files. These can be scaled to any size and still be output with the correct resolution needed. Whenever you can, work in vector.
* non-printing output. This can include things like vinyl cutters, CNC machining, die cut patterns, embroidery, etc. These types of outputs will require vector based files.
**Pixel dimensions vs. print resolution**
One area that can add confusion is that the ppi setting you see in the PhotoShop file is typically only applicable to PhotoShop--and perhaps other Adobe software. For the most part, most software only cares that you have enough pixels in the image to print it at the size you want to print it at. So, for example, the following two image files are exactly the same image:
Image 1: 72ppi, 720px wide
Image 2: 300ppi, 720px wide
On the computer, those two images are identical because they contain the same amount of pixels. If they were both imported into a program like InDesign or MS Word and sized to look the same size on the page and printed, they'd be exactly the same.
On the other hand, if you were to print directly from PhotoShop (which it should be noted, is rare for printers) you will get two different results. The first will end up being printed 10" wide, and look fuzzy as it's only 72ppi. The second one will be printed at roughly 2.3" wide, and look great, albeit small, as it is set to 300ppi. Same amount of information in each file, but one had much larger pixels when printed.
This is mentioned because some print vendors may work with low PPI settings but large pixel dimensions. Some software may also completely ignore the PPI meta data and only care about the pixel dimensions.
**Images for the web**
As a footnote, images that are to be displayed on the web disregard ppi settings completely. All that matters is the pixel dimensions. If your image is 600 pixels wide, it will show as 600 pixels wide regardless of the screen and the size of pixels on said screen. 72ppi is the 'default' setting for web images, but it's just tradition, rather than any sort of technical requirement.
(Everyone: Please edit/add to this as you see fit!) | **Determining PPI Resolution given the Viewing Distance from the image**
For Raster (halftone screened) graphics, **the PPI resolution is determined in two steps using only basic arithmetic**. There's nothing mysterious.
* **Step 1**. Determine the necessary LPI (Lines Per Inch)
A simple formula for the minimum acceptable LPI for viewing distance has been determined by the *Specialty Graphic Imaging Association*
using the "Rule of 240."
**240 ÷ the viewing distance = minimum acceptable LPI.**
* **Step 2**. Once LPI is chosen, finding the PPI is a snap.
The Relationship between LPI and PPI is as follows:
**PPI = LPI x QC x Magnification**
In the above formula, LPI is the chosen line screen, “QC” is a quality-control factor, and magnification is the ratio (result) of the *reproduction size* divided by the *original size*.
* Photoshop uses three QC factors:
“1” for draft, “1.5” for good, and “2” for best.
* “2” results in 4 pixels per halftone dot.
* Some gurus suggest a QC factor of 1.7 (3 pixels per halftone dot)
derived from the Nyquist frequency limit (a formula).
You **MUST** *always check an image’s resolution* in the Image > Image Size dialog box (Photoshop)
* Once you know PPI, you can check to see if the actual number of
pixels in an image will support the LPI you’ve selected.
* If an image has too many pixels for the application, downsample it
and then SAVE AS under a different file name. Don’t overwrite the
original large file because you may need the additional data for a
higher LPI reproduction.
* If an image has too few pixels for the application, upsampling is
likely to provide unsatisfactory results. Consider decreasing LPI
and/or the QC factor.
**TIP**: Always size an image to the right number of pixels using Photoshop. While reducing or enlarging using InDesign is possible; doing this will increase the amount of time it takes to output the job. (Time is money). |
70,657 | In German, the word 'Szene', which translates literally to 'scene' and has an identical meaning in the context of a movie or a play, has a second use in referring to a group of people that form a community around a common interest with a high identification factor, in particular music genres.
In English, I've come across "drug scene", or "clubbing scene", which seems to match the German usage, but more often it seems to be "community", which appears to have a slightly larger scope, though. While a "community" can have many purposes, and particularly may well be of a professional nature (as in "programmer community"), a "Szene" would almost always be related to leisure activities, with a slight bias towards nightlife.
A good example for that is the German word "Schwulenszene", which would probably translate to "gay community", but the two terms don't match exactly. The German one would tend to not include gay rights activists, for instance, and mostly refer to bars, clubs or parties that are directed specifically at the gay community.
The German word is mostly neutral (in 2012 Berlin, anyway), has a slightly positive connotation of something fashionable in nightlife (the expression "Szenekneipe" might be used like the English "hip joint"), but shifts to clearly derogatory when used for political groups, usually of the more extreme sort ('Naziszene', 'Autonomenszene', 'Islamistenszene'). I'm hypothesizing, but it might be that it started out as a derogatory term and got its connotation transformed by some of the hipper crowds thusly described.
Some contexts where it would be natural in German to use "Szene", but where I haven't heard the English expression yet:
* ballroom dancing (Tango, Salsa etc)
* music genres with associated looks / lifestyles (Metal, Punk, Gothic etc.)
* pastimes that form strong communities, like LARPing or various outdoor sports | 2012/06/11 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/70657",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/5916/"
] | Hmm, just speaking anecdotally here, I think the word "scene" is fairly often used to describe the community around musical styles, like "the heavy metal scene", "the rap scene", etc. I don't recall ever hearing someone say "the Baroque music scene", maybe it's limited to more contemporary popular forms of music.
It's common to talk about the "night club scene" and "the bar scene", which are just vague ways of referring to such places and the people who frequent them. This usage is often, but not necessarily, derogatory. Like, "He just wastes his time running around the bar scene."
Outside of that ... ? I've never heard someone say, "the Libertarian scene" or "the Presbyterian scene" or "the coal slurry pipeline maintenance scene". If you said such a thing I think people would understand that you were referring to the community around that idea or activity, but it would likely be taken as derogatory, saying that this group is not a serious intellectual or professional group but is more like a bunch of mindless fans of a music style or a bunch of partiers at a bar.
I'm interested to hear if others can name examples where the word is regularly used to refer to some other community. | Perhaps uncommon, but such uses can be found...
Of course, unless you look at them you cannot be sure: maybe they are describing a scene in a movie or something... |
70,657 | In German, the word 'Szene', which translates literally to 'scene' and has an identical meaning in the context of a movie or a play, has a second use in referring to a group of people that form a community around a common interest with a high identification factor, in particular music genres.
In English, I've come across "drug scene", or "clubbing scene", which seems to match the German usage, but more often it seems to be "community", which appears to have a slightly larger scope, though. While a "community" can have many purposes, and particularly may well be of a professional nature (as in "programmer community"), a "Szene" would almost always be related to leisure activities, with a slight bias towards nightlife.
A good example for that is the German word "Schwulenszene", which would probably translate to "gay community", but the two terms don't match exactly. The German one would tend to not include gay rights activists, for instance, and mostly refer to bars, clubs or parties that are directed specifically at the gay community.
The German word is mostly neutral (in 2012 Berlin, anyway), has a slightly positive connotation of something fashionable in nightlife (the expression "Szenekneipe" might be used like the English "hip joint"), but shifts to clearly derogatory when used for political groups, usually of the more extreme sort ('Naziszene', 'Autonomenszene', 'Islamistenszene'). I'm hypothesizing, but it might be that it started out as a derogatory term and got its connotation transformed by some of the hipper crowds thusly described.
Some contexts where it would be natural in German to use "Szene", but where I haven't heard the English expression yet:
* ballroom dancing (Tango, Salsa etc)
* music genres with associated looks / lifestyles (Metal, Punk, Gothic etc.)
* pastimes that form strong communities, like LARPing or various outdoor sports | 2012/06/11 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/70657",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/5916/"
] | I don't think the English usage of "scene" carries the negative connotation. If I were joining a university, for example, I might ask about the "downtown scene", "bar scene", "sports scene", or "student life scene" and I wouldn't be inferring anything negative.
Actually, it's pretty unusual for someone in English to use the term "scene" negatively, and people generally tend to use more inflammatory words such as "agenda." You will find this most often in politics. For example, in the United States you will find that far-right leaning people will often talk about the "gay agenda" or the "liberal agenda", inferring that there is a sort of subversive current. | Perhaps uncommon, but such uses can be found...
Of course, unless you look at them you cannot be sure: maybe they are describing a scene in a movie or something... |
70,657 | In German, the word 'Szene', which translates literally to 'scene' and has an identical meaning in the context of a movie or a play, has a second use in referring to a group of people that form a community around a common interest with a high identification factor, in particular music genres.
In English, I've come across "drug scene", or "clubbing scene", which seems to match the German usage, but more often it seems to be "community", which appears to have a slightly larger scope, though. While a "community" can have many purposes, and particularly may well be of a professional nature (as in "programmer community"), a "Szene" would almost always be related to leisure activities, with a slight bias towards nightlife.
A good example for that is the German word "Schwulenszene", which would probably translate to "gay community", but the two terms don't match exactly. The German one would tend to not include gay rights activists, for instance, and mostly refer to bars, clubs or parties that are directed specifically at the gay community.
The German word is mostly neutral (in 2012 Berlin, anyway), has a slightly positive connotation of something fashionable in nightlife (the expression "Szenekneipe" might be used like the English "hip joint"), but shifts to clearly derogatory when used for political groups, usually of the more extreme sort ('Naziszene', 'Autonomenszene', 'Islamistenszene'). I'm hypothesizing, but it might be that it started out as a derogatory term and got its connotation transformed by some of the hipper crowds thusly described.
Some contexts where it would be natural in German to use "Szene", but where I haven't heard the English expression yet:
* ballroom dancing (Tango, Salsa etc)
* music genres with associated looks / lifestyles (Metal, Punk, Gothic etc.)
* pastimes that form strong communities, like LARPing or various outdoor sports | 2012/06/11 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/70657",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/5916/"
] | I don't think the English usage of "scene" carries the negative connotation. If I were joining a university, for example, I might ask about the "downtown scene", "bar scene", "sports scene", or "student life scene" and I wouldn't be inferring anything negative.
Actually, it's pretty unusual for someone in English to use the term "scene" negatively, and people generally tend to use more inflammatory words such as "agenda." You will find this most often in politics. For example, in the United States you will find that far-right leaning people will often talk about the "gay agenda" or the "liberal agenda", inferring that there is a sort of subversive current. | Hmm, just speaking anecdotally here, I think the word "scene" is fairly often used to describe the community around musical styles, like "the heavy metal scene", "the rap scene", etc. I don't recall ever hearing someone say "the Baroque music scene", maybe it's limited to more contemporary popular forms of music.
It's common to talk about the "night club scene" and "the bar scene", which are just vague ways of referring to such places and the people who frequent them. This usage is often, but not necessarily, derogatory. Like, "He just wastes his time running around the bar scene."
Outside of that ... ? I've never heard someone say, "the Libertarian scene" or "the Presbyterian scene" or "the coal slurry pipeline maintenance scene". If you said such a thing I think people would understand that you were referring to the community around that idea or activity, but it would likely be taken as derogatory, saying that this group is not a serious intellectual or professional group but is more like a bunch of mindless fans of a music style or a bunch of partiers at a bar.
I'm interested to hear if others can name examples where the word is regularly used to refer to some other community. |
99 | While reading a lot of design blogs and notable designers, I keep seeing the joke/statement come up over and over again that using Photoshop does not entitle one to the name Designer (or one who can do Graphic Design). As an experienced designer or one who has gone through the process:
How would you approach using Photoshop in such a way that sooner or later one can go try the road of the designer? | 2011/01/05 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/99",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/95/"
] | From my personal experience, most good designers (at least all the ones that I know) started off as artists, who then got into design as a way to make a career out of visual arts.
The relationship between art and design should be pretty clear. To be an effective designer, you need to know the basics of visual composition, color theory, and so on. So it makes sense that good designers are also good artists.
It also makes sense that someone who learned how to draw on paper first is more likely to be a good designer. That's because good designers are generally the creative type, and people with creative personalities usually start expressing themselves creatively very early on in childhood. A 7- or 8-year-old doesn't know what graphic design is, much less Photoshop; they just know that they like to draw or paint. Therefore, few good designers learn Photoshop before they learn how to draw with pencil and paper.
There may be exceptions to these rules, but they're rare. I think someone who's never been creative or interested in art and decides in their mid-20s to learn Photoshop is more likely to be in it purely for the money than because they like graphic design—and that's not a good way to become a good anything. | Just learning Photoshop wont make you a designer. But you gotta start somewhere. Like if you dont know how to make anything in Photoshop you wont be able to practice nothing of what you may learn. So yea learn both together. It would take half year for a complete noob, like if you know how to use paint.
Once that is done it will take a lot longer to produce good stuff. Learn about color and it's effect on us, color's interaction, composition, pattern, shape, lines and their effect, repetition, perspective, focus, etc. |
99 | While reading a lot of design blogs and notable designers, I keep seeing the joke/statement come up over and over again that using Photoshop does not entitle one to the name Designer (or one who can do Graphic Design). As an experienced designer or one who has gone through the process:
How would you approach using Photoshop in such a way that sooner or later one can go try the road of the designer? | 2011/01/05 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/99",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/95/"
] | While I agree with the previous answers, my honest answer is to play with Illustrator or another vector-based application before Photoshop. Far better at playing with scale and alignment of text and design elements, and you can import images too. | Just learning Photoshop wont make you a designer. But you gotta start somewhere. Like if you dont know how to make anything in Photoshop you wont be able to practice nothing of what you may learn. So yea learn both together. It would take half year for a complete noob, like if you know how to use paint.
Once that is done it will take a lot longer to produce good stuff. Learn about color and it's effect on us, color's interaction, composition, pattern, shape, lines and their effect, repetition, perspective, focus, etc. |
99 | While reading a lot of design blogs and notable designers, I keep seeing the joke/statement come up over and over again that using Photoshop does not entitle one to the name Designer (or one who can do Graphic Design). As an experienced designer or one who has gone through the process:
How would you approach using Photoshop in such a way that sooner or later one can go try the road of the designer? | 2011/01/05 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/99",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/95/"
] | From my personal experience, most good designers (at least all the ones that I know) started off as artists, who then got into design as a way to make a career out of visual arts.
The relationship between art and design should be pretty clear. To be an effective designer, you need to know the basics of visual composition, color theory, and so on. So it makes sense that good designers are also good artists.
It also makes sense that someone who learned how to draw on paper first is more likely to be a good designer. That's because good designers are generally the creative type, and people with creative personalities usually start expressing themselves creatively very early on in childhood. A 7- or 8-year-old doesn't know what graphic design is, much less Photoshop; they just know that they like to draw or paint. Therefore, few good designers learn Photoshop before they learn how to draw with pencil and paper.
There may be exceptions to these rules, but they're rare. I think someone who's never been creative or interested in art and decides in their mid-20s to learn Photoshop is more likely to be in it purely for the money than because they like graphic design—and that's not a good way to become a good anything. | For every trade, there are the "How" and "Why" aspects. Photoshop, as others have mentioned here is merely a tool. But to answer your question, start learning Photoshop now. <http://psd.tutsplus.com/> has some top quality tutorials ranging from beginner to advanced. I also recommend [Photoshop WOW](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0321514955) books. They've been great since PS v2.0.
In fact, if you plan to do more design for the web, it may be a good idea to learn Illustrator as well. More web graphics these days were created as vectors. There's a [WOW Book](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0321712447) for it too, also see <http://vector.tutsplus.com>
It's important that you learn the design fundamentals, but you should also learn how to use the tools too. Both can be done at the same time. I want to stress BOTH. If you only know the "why" then you're just a design pundit and if you only know "how" then you're just a pixel pusher. If your eventual goal is to become a full fledged designer, then you need to be able to execute your vision well. |
99 | While reading a lot of design blogs and notable designers, I keep seeing the joke/statement come up over and over again that using Photoshop does not entitle one to the name Designer (or one who can do Graphic Design). As an experienced designer or one who has gone through the process:
How would you approach using Photoshop in such a way that sooner or later one can go try the road of the designer? | 2011/01/05 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/99",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/95/"
] | For a skilled designer the tools being used don't make so much of a difference. It's the line between the tools using you and vice versa. A "real" graphic designer has a clear concept and plan in mind and then chooses the tools that will best accomplish that goal.
So, approach photoshop as a toolset, and determine what it can do to get you where you need to go.
The comments you have seen are trying to point out that the tool is just that, a tool. So someone who has a typewriter sitting on their table is not necessarily a novelist, and the guy who spent a small fortune on a fancy chess set and routinely beats his 12 year old nephew at the game is not necessarily a chess master. | Just learning Photoshop wont make you a designer. But you gotta start somewhere. Like if you dont know how to make anything in Photoshop you wont be able to practice nothing of what you may learn. So yea learn both together. It would take half year for a complete noob, like if you know how to use paint.
Once that is done it will take a lot longer to produce good stuff. Learn about color and it's effect on us, color's interaction, composition, pattern, shape, lines and their effect, repetition, perspective, focus, etc. |
99 | While reading a lot of design blogs and notable designers, I keep seeing the joke/statement come up over and over again that using Photoshop does not entitle one to the name Designer (or one who can do Graphic Design). As an experienced designer or one who has gone through the process:
How would you approach using Photoshop in such a way that sooner or later one can go try the road of the designer? | 2011/01/05 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/99",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/95/"
] | From my personal experience, most good designers (at least all the ones that I know) started off as artists, who then got into design as a way to make a career out of visual arts.
The relationship between art and design should be pretty clear. To be an effective designer, you need to know the basics of visual composition, color theory, and so on. So it makes sense that good designers are also good artists.
It also makes sense that someone who learned how to draw on paper first is more likely to be a good designer. That's because good designers are generally the creative type, and people with creative personalities usually start expressing themselves creatively very early on in childhood. A 7- or 8-year-old doesn't know what graphic design is, much less Photoshop; they just know that they like to draw or paint. Therefore, few good designers learn Photoshop before they learn how to draw with pencil and paper.
There may be exceptions to these rules, but they're rare. I think someone who's never been creative or interested in art and decides in their mid-20s to learn Photoshop is more likely to be in it purely for the money than because they like graphic design—and that's not a good way to become a good anything. | While I agree with the previous answers, my honest answer is to play with Illustrator or another vector-based application before Photoshop. Far better at playing with scale and alignment of text and design elements, and you can import images too. |
99 | While reading a lot of design blogs and notable designers, I keep seeing the joke/statement come up over and over again that using Photoshop does not entitle one to the name Designer (or one who can do Graphic Design). As an experienced designer or one who has gone through the process:
How would you approach using Photoshop in such a way that sooner or later one can go try the road of the designer? | 2011/01/05 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/99",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/95/"
] | For a skilled designer the tools being used don't make so much of a difference. It's the line between the tools using you and vice versa. A "real" graphic designer has a clear concept and plan in mind and then chooses the tools that will best accomplish that goal.
So, approach photoshop as a toolset, and determine what it can do to get you where you need to go.
The comments you have seen are trying to point out that the tool is just that, a tool. So someone who has a typewriter sitting on their table is not necessarily a novelist, and the guy who spent a small fortune on a fancy chess set and routinely beats his 12 year old nephew at the game is not necessarily a chess master. | While I agree with the previous answers, my honest answer is to play with Illustrator or another vector-based application before Photoshop. Far better at playing with scale and alignment of text and design elements, and you can import images too. |
99 | While reading a lot of design blogs and notable designers, I keep seeing the joke/statement come up over and over again that using Photoshop does not entitle one to the name Designer (or one who can do Graphic Design). As an experienced designer or one who has gone through the process:
How would you approach using Photoshop in such a way that sooner or later one can go try the road of the designer? | 2011/01/05 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/99",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/95/"
] | Ultimately, if you want to be a graphic designer, you should disregard Photoshop and pickup a book on composition and color like, [http://www.amazon.com/Power-Center-Composition-Visual-Anniversary/dp/0520261267/ref=sr\_1\_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1294806138&sr=8-1](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0520261267)
Photoshop will not prepare you to become a graphic designer, theory and practice will. Expose yourself to design and read some design magazines like ID, How, and Communication Arts, etc. | Just learning Photoshop wont make you a designer. But you gotta start somewhere. Like if you dont know how to make anything in Photoshop you wont be able to practice nothing of what you may learn. So yea learn both together. It would take half year for a complete noob, like if you know how to use paint.
Once that is done it will take a lot longer to produce good stuff. Learn about color and it's effect on us, color's interaction, composition, pattern, shape, lines and their effect, repetition, perspective, focus, etc. |
99 | While reading a lot of design blogs and notable designers, I keep seeing the joke/statement come up over and over again that using Photoshop does not entitle one to the name Designer (or one who can do Graphic Design). As an experienced designer or one who has gone through the process:
How would you approach using Photoshop in such a way that sooner or later one can go try the road of the designer? | 2011/01/05 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/99",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/95/"
] | For a skilled designer the tools being used don't make so much of a difference. It's the line between the tools using you and vice versa. A "real" graphic designer has a clear concept and plan in mind and then chooses the tools that will best accomplish that goal.
So, approach photoshop as a toolset, and determine what it can do to get you where you need to go.
The comments you have seen are trying to point out that the tool is just that, a tool. So someone who has a typewriter sitting on their table is not necessarily a novelist, and the guy who spent a small fortune on a fancy chess set and routinely beats his 12 year old nephew at the game is not necessarily a chess master. | From my personal experience, most good designers (at least all the ones that I know) started off as artists, who then got into design as a way to make a career out of visual arts.
The relationship between art and design should be pretty clear. To be an effective designer, you need to know the basics of visual composition, color theory, and so on. So it makes sense that good designers are also good artists.
It also makes sense that someone who learned how to draw on paper first is more likely to be a good designer. That's because good designers are generally the creative type, and people with creative personalities usually start expressing themselves creatively very early on in childhood. A 7- or 8-year-old doesn't know what graphic design is, much less Photoshop; they just know that they like to draw or paint. Therefore, few good designers learn Photoshop before they learn how to draw with pencil and paper.
There may be exceptions to these rules, but they're rare. I think someone who's never been creative or interested in art and decides in their mid-20s to learn Photoshop is more likely to be in it purely for the money than because they like graphic design—and that's not a good way to become a good anything. |
99 | While reading a lot of design blogs and notable designers, I keep seeing the joke/statement come up over and over again that using Photoshop does not entitle one to the name Designer (or one who can do Graphic Design). As an experienced designer or one who has gone through the process:
How would you approach using Photoshop in such a way that sooner or later one can go try the road of the designer? | 2011/01/05 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/99",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/95/"
] | For every trade, there are the "How" and "Why" aspects. Photoshop, as others have mentioned here is merely a tool. But to answer your question, start learning Photoshop now. <http://psd.tutsplus.com/> has some top quality tutorials ranging from beginner to advanced. I also recommend [Photoshop WOW](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0321514955) books. They've been great since PS v2.0.
In fact, if you plan to do more design for the web, it may be a good idea to learn Illustrator as well. More web graphics these days were created as vectors. There's a [WOW Book](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0321712447) for it too, also see <http://vector.tutsplus.com>
It's important that you learn the design fundamentals, but you should also learn how to use the tools too. Both can be done at the same time. I want to stress BOTH. If you only know the "why" then you're just a design pundit and if you only know "how" then you're just a pixel pusher. If your eventual goal is to become a full fledged designer, then you need to be able to execute your vision well. | Just learning Photoshop wont make you a designer. But you gotta start somewhere. Like if you dont know how to make anything in Photoshop you wont be able to practice nothing of what you may learn. So yea learn both together. It would take half year for a complete noob, like if you know how to use paint.
Once that is done it will take a lot longer to produce good stuff. Learn about color and it's effect on us, color's interaction, composition, pattern, shape, lines and their effect, repetition, perspective, focus, etc. |
99 | While reading a lot of design blogs and notable designers, I keep seeing the joke/statement come up over and over again that using Photoshop does not entitle one to the name Designer (or one who can do Graphic Design). As an experienced designer or one who has gone through the process:
How would you approach using Photoshop in such a way that sooner or later one can go try the road of the designer? | 2011/01/05 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/99",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/95/"
] | For a skilled designer the tools being used don't make so much of a difference. It's the line between the tools using you and vice versa. A "real" graphic designer has a clear concept and plan in mind and then chooses the tools that will best accomplish that goal.
So, approach photoshop as a toolset, and determine what it can do to get you where you need to go.
The comments you have seen are trying to point out that the tool is just that, a tool. So someone who has a typewriter sitting on their table is not necessarily a novelist, and the guy who spent a small fortune on a fancy chess set and routinely beats his 12 year old nephew at the game is not necessarily a chess master. | Ultimately, if you want to be a graphic designer, you should disregard Photoshop and pickup a book on composition and color like, [http://www.amazon.com/Power-Center-Composition-Visual-Anniversary/dp/0520261267/ref=sr\_1\_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1294806138&sr=8-1](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0520261267)
Photoshop will not prepare you to become a graphic designer, theory and practice will. Expose yourself to design and read some design magazines like ID, How, and Communication Arts, etc. |
45,765,061 | How does one store API credentials in a way that they cannot be hacked? For example, AWS keys, or Google cloud keys?
In production use (say Heroku or EC2 instance), if you have say a Github repository, then this can easily get hacked. Any idea? | 2017/08/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/45765061",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/8485754/"
] | You don't ever commit credentials like that to code. In your Heroku example you would [set them as config variables](https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/config-vars) and then your code would pull the values from the environment when needed.
In AWS you could [do something similar](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticbeanstalk/latest/dg/eb3-setenv.html), or you could use the AWS KMS service or the [AWS SSM Parameter Store](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/systems-manager/latest/userguide/systems-manager-paramstore.html). Also, on AWS when you are accessing other AWS services you would use the IAM Roles assigned to your resources instead of using credentials directly. | Quite simply, you don't.
Best practice on AWS is to use IAM Instance (or Task) Roles assigned to your EC2 (or ECS) instances. From the documentation:
>
> We designed IAM roles so that your applications can securely make API requests from your instances, without requiring you to manage the security credentials that the applications use. Instead of creating and distributing your AWS credentials, you can delegate permission to make API requests using IAM roles.
>
>
>
You can read more about how IAM Roles work in the *IAM Roles for Amazon EC2* section of the AWS documentation: <http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/iam-roles-for-amazon-ec2.html> |
4,532 | My question is about Stephen King's [Pet Sematary (1989)](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0098084/). Why is *cemetery* misspelled as *sematary* in the title? Is there a special reason which may be explained in the novel or in the movie? | 2012/10/08 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/4532",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/56/"
] | Pet Sematary is based on the novel of the same name. The name is described by the elderly neighbor, Jud. He explains that it was created by the children of the neighborhood to bury their dead animals killed on the heavily travelled road. The children had misspelled the name when it was created.
Quoting the Stephen King novel:
*...It narrowed, and then, just ahead, Louis saw Ellie and Jud go under an arch made of weatherstained boards. Written on these in faded black paint, only just legible, were the words PET SEMATARY.* | I remember it as the sign placed by the children of that town. They [misspelled](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet_Sematary) it while putting it up. |
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