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8,571,346 | With so much to learn and so frequent updates in MS ASP.NET MVC framework, I find it little challenging to grab it quickly and extend the learning upto expert level efficiently.
I need advise upon how to start with (Is there any best tutorial ) and how can I reach expert level ( any **roadmap** so that we can be there)?
Any best available trainings (I can refer online)
or any guide so that I can miss unwanted areas and focus only on what is latest and good to use.
I am open for hardwork, but I need a right direction to follow up so that I don't get hindered chosing/referring wrong areas in learning process.
Thanks | 2011/12/20 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/8571346",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/83965/"
] | The good thing about the MVC framework in .Net is that its fundamentals don't change and have not changed ever since its first version was released. What you'll notice is that certain things have been made easier to do in the later versions.
My suggestion is to ignore the versions for the time being and focus on learning the MVC pattern. It may take writing a couple of short examples for you to become comfortable with the MVC pattern. Try to spend enough time on Routes and defining routes because they are really important part of any MVC framework.
The Razor ViewEngine and its syntax (introduced in MVC 3) is great for writing views. I definitely recommend to learn about Razor.
Once you get that then you should try to familiarize yourself with the .Net Framework as you'll end up using its classes alot.
There are some nice tutorials on the [Tutsplus](http://net.tutsplus.com/sessions/asp-net-from-scratch/) website that go through fundamentals of Asp.net MVC framework.
**What next?**
The step after the basics is to familiarize yourself with different development models such as:
* Test Driven Development (TDD)
* Domain Driven Development (DDD)
* Behavior Driven Development (BDD)
All are good models. You may choose one depending on which you personally find suitable for your project.
Inversion of Control (IoC) is a technique you'll see used a lot in Asp.Net MVC examples and it's a good practice to learn about.
You may also find ORM such as NHibernate and the Entity Frameworks(EF) interesting to use. ORM itself is a big topic and you will have to learn a lot once you dive into them. I've used both
the EF and NHibernate. I preferred NHibernate because it's opensource and at the time had a larger user community.
Anyway, I hope this overview gives you some ideas about where to start. | This roadmap can be useful in this case
Follow the link below to see the details:
<https://github.com/MoienTajik/AspNetCore-Developer-Roadmap> |
8,571,346 | With so much to learn and so frequent updates in MS ASP.NET MVC framework, I find it little challenging to grab it quickly and extend the learning upto expert level efficiently.
I need advise upon how to start with (Is there any best tutorial ) and how can I reach expert level ( any **roadmap** so that we can be there)?
Any best available trainings (I can refer online)
or any guide so that I can miss unwanted areas and focus only on what is latest and good to use.
I am open for hardwork, but I need a right direction to follow up so that I don't get hindered chosing/referring wrong areas in learning process.
Thanks | 2011/12/20 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/8571346",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/83965/"
] | This roadmap can be useful in this case
Follow the link below to see the details:
<https://github.com/MoienTajik/AspNetCore-Developer-Roadmap> | NET MVC gives you a powerful, patterns-based way to build dynamic websites that enables a clean separation of concerns and that gives you full control over markup for enjoyable, agile development. ASP.NET MVC includes many features that enable fast, TDD-friendly development for creating sophisticated applications that use the latest web standards. <http://www.tutorialspoint.com/asp.net_mvc/index.htm> is one of the coolest tutorial link I think |
46,125 | Based on the US CDC Website, sounds like they require a few vaccinations and recommend several other vaccinations (listed below). What makes vaccinations "recommended"? What recommendations would current US Expats/Travelers in the Philippines have for vaccinations?
Most Travelers:
* Hepatitis A
* Typhoid
* Other routine vaccinations (MMR, chickenpox, polio, flu)
Some Travelers:
* Hepatitis B
* Japanese Encephalitis
* Malaria
* Rabies
* Yellow Fever
Source <http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/traveler/extended_student.vfr/philippines?s_cid=ncezid-dgmq-travel-single-001> | 2015/04/14 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/46125",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/26787/"
] | Asking for medical advice on a forum, is probably not the ideal approach.
You really need to talk about where you plan to go and what you plan to do, with your family physician since they know your health history and a tropical disease specialist, as they know what you might encounter. Sadly travel vaccination clinics tend to have a broad understanding (similar to what you get from the CDC) rather than specific knowledge of each country and environment. And often err on the side of caution, over prescribing shots.
I think as a whole, Expats living in places like the Philippines get very few vaccinations, rather they adjust their lifestyles to mitigate the risks, such as using mosquito repellents when out in the forests to avoid being possibly bit by Dengue or JE or Malaria bearing mosquitoes.
But the fact that an Expat doesn't get inoculated, doesn't automatically mean you can avoid it too. You need to understand the risks and consequences first, then make your own decision. | I know you asked about US expats but I'm adding this for reference for others.
Here in the UK, generally when booking a holiday you can check the health service website which will tell you if vaccinations are required at all (just yes or no) and then you book an appointment with your GP/nurse.
What I have found (after booking a trip to Philippines) is that by the time I arrived at my appointment the nurse has already checked the most recent travel advice given by the government and checked the current status in terms of mosquito prone areas and any current outbreaks of whatever. Depending on where you go in the Philippines depends on whether you need additional vaccinations or anti-malarial drugs in addition to the usual mosquito protection.
For my trip the only additional vaccines I needed were Typhoid and Hepatitis A, as I already had up to date routine ones (and Revaxis - Diptheria, Tetanus and Polio from a previous trip to Brazil). |
3,262,505 | I have a xml file in which date is represented as this: "2010-07-10T14:46:00.000Z"
Im parsing it and fetching it as string.
I need to convert it into timestamp or date format to store in db. How do i do it?
Please help. | 2010/07/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3262505",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/393535/"
] | An equivalent for Java's ConcurrentHashMap (or for that matter other collection types) may not exist in another platform, so the Coherence cache just persists the list of key-value pairs in the map. This is why you get a HashMap back.
A better way is to create your own map class based on ConcurrentHashMap (in the Java version) and your own serializer. Using the PofWriter.writeMap and PofReader.readMap methods you can arrange to get a ConcurrentHashMap back. If you then need a .Net version you can make your map class use whatever map works best in .Net, and provide an appropriate custom serializer. | I figured it out. I removed the <serializer> entries from the configuration xml. Now it works fine. But, I think cross platform support may suffer (e.g. .net). |
44,599 | Recently I have built a new desk in my office, made of pine and plywood. It is a build in, that is, it is permanently attached to the wall, etc. and can't be moved. I felt that it would be useful to mount some receptacles on the top of the desk so I didn't have to go digging around underneath of it when I want to plug something in.
My plan is to get a 15 amp. utility cord (plug on one side, open wires on the other) and use a (metal) junction box to connect it to two outlet receptacles on either end of the desk. Each outlet will of course be inside of its own metal handy box and the outlets will be mounted horizontally (i.e. like a normal wall outlet so stuff can't fall into them). I also plan on using flexible metal conduit to protect my wiring from the junction box to the outlets. All of the receptacles, boxes, etc. will be under the desk and run through the supports so that they don't hang down and are otherwise inaccessible / out of the way. The desk will then be powered by plugging said wiring into a normal wall outlet.
I've done some small electrical projects around the house and I know the basics of safety, like only splicing in junction boxes, using clamps, etc. where the wires enter the box, etc. but I have never done anything with conduit before.
For this project, would it be OK to use the usual 12/2 Romex in the conduit or should I seek something else out. If I use romex does it need to stay in its yellow sheathing? Does wiring my desk like this sound like an insane idea / fire hazard? Any advice or info would be appreciated.
Also, I live in Richmond, VA for the purposes of any regional codes that may apply. | 2014/06/30 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/44599",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/6510/"
] | My home office desk is not fixed so I wanted to be able to move it. I have [two of these](http://www.frys.com/product/6820336?site=sr%3aSEARCH%3aMAIN_RSLT_PG) which plug into a heavy duty UPS.
They are mounted side-by-side but offset so that a wall wart plugged into one doesn't block adjacent outlets. | You don't put outlets in a desk. In no way would I ever want that and I am probably your target audience with the big built in. Get a couple of nice industrial looking metal power strips. Mount 2-3 in key locations, run them through the back of desk and to and outlet. I should be able to unplug them but it is fine if it is a PITA.
I eat breakfast on my home desk, spill things all the time, that is my area to be a pig... I don't want to have to worry about spilling something on it. |
44,599 | Recently I have built a new desk in my office, made of pine and plywood. It is a build in, that is, it is permanently attached to the wall, etc. and can't be moved. I felt that it would be useful to mount some receptacles on the top of the desk so I didn't have to go digging around underneath of it when I want to plug something in.
My plan is to get a 15 amp. utility cord (plug on one side, open wires on the other) and use a (metal) junction box to connect it to two outlet receptacles on either end of the desk. Each outlet will of course be inside of its own metal handy box and the outlets will be mounted horizontally (i.e. like a normal wall outlet so stuff can't fall into them). I also plan on using flexible metal conduit to protect my wiring from the junction box to the outlets. All of the receptacles, boxes, etc. will be under the desk and run through the supports so that they don't hang down and are otherwise inaccessible / out of the way. The desk will then be powered by plugging said wiring into a normal wall outlet.
I've done some small electrical projects around the house and I know the basics of safety, like only splicing in junction boxes, using clamps, etc. where the wires enter the box, etc. but I have never done anything with conduit before.
For this project, would it be OK to use the usual 12/2 Romex in the conduit or should I seek something else out. If I use romex does it need to stay in its yellow sheathing? Does wiring my desk like this sound like an insane idea / fire hazard? Any advice or info would be appreciated.
Also, I live in Richmond, VA for the purposes of any regional codes that may apply. | 2014/06/30 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/44599",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/6510/"
] | If you're working with leftover materials, you can surely pull 12/2 nonmetallic sheathed cable through conduit. You'll want to avoid lots of bends and long runs, as it will make pulling the cable more difficult.
If you're up for buying some wire, you might find it easier to pull single conductors through the conduit. Stranded wire is often easier to pull through conduit, though you might find it more difficult to terminate at devices. You could pick up a 25' roll of #12 THHN stranded copper, for about $8.00. You'll want 3, one black (ungrounded "hot"), one white (grounded "neutral"), and one green (grounding).
Since you're using a 15 ampere cord to supply power, you can use 14 gauge wiring instead of 12. If you're buying new wire, this could save you some money. If you're using materials you already have on hand, there's no problem using larger gauge wire than what's required.
Installing UL listed power strips is a safer bet. If you know what you're doing, there's nothing wrong with a custom solution. | My home office desk is not fixed so I wanted to be able to move it. I have [two of these](http://www.frys.com/product/6820336?site=sr%3aSEARCH%3aMAIN_RSLT_PG) which plug into a heavy duty UPS.
They are mounted side-by-side but offset so that a wall wart plugged into one doesn't block adjacent outlets. |
44,599 | Recently I have built a new desk in my office, made of pine and plywood. It is a build in, that is, it is permanently attached to the wall, etc. and can't be moved. I felt that it would be useful to mount some receptacles on the top of the desk so I didn't have to go digging around underneath of it when I want to plug something in.
My plan is to get a 15 amp. utility cord (plug on one side, open wires on the other) and use a (metal) junction box to connect it to two outlet receptacles on either end of the desk. Each outlet will of course be inside of its own metal handy box and the outlets will be mounted horizontally (i.e. like a normal wall outlet so stuff can't fall into them). I also plan on using flexible metal conduit to protect my wiring from the junction box to the outlets. All of the receptacles, boxes, etc. will be under the desk and run through the supports so that they don't hang down and are otherwise inaccessible / out of the way. The desk will then be powered by plugging said wiring into a normal wall outlet.
I've done some small electrical projects around the house and I know the basics of safety, like only splicing in junction boxes, using clamps, etc. where the wires enter the box, etc. but I have never done anything with conduit before.
For this project, would it be OK to use the usual 12/2 Romex in the conduit or should I seek something else out. If I use romex does it need to stay in its yellow sheathing? Does wiring my desk like this sound like an insane idea / fire hazard? Any advice or info would be appreciated.
Also, I live in Richmond, VA for the purposes of any regional codes that may apply. | 2014/06/30 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/44599",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/6510/"
] | If you're working with leftover materials, you can surely pull 12/2 nonmetallic sheathed cable through conduit. You'll want to avoid lots of bends and long runs, as it will make pulling the cable more difficult.
If you're up for buying some wire, you might find it easier to pull single conductors through the conduit. Stranded wire is often easier to pull through conduit, though you might find it more difficult to terminate at devices. You could pick up a 25' roll of #12 THHN stranded copper, for about $8.00. You'll want 3, one black (ungrounded "hot"), one white (grounded "neutral"), and one green (grounding).
Since you're using a 15 ampere cord to supply power, you can use 14 gauge wiring instead of 12. If you're buying new wire, this could save you some money. If you're using materials you already have on hand, there's no problem using larger gauge wire than what's required.
Installing UL listed power strips is a safer bet. If you know what you're doing, there's nothing wrong with a custom solution. | You don't put outlets in a desk. In no way would I ever want that and I am probably your target audience with the big built in. Get a couple of nice industrial looking metal power strips. Mount 2-3 in key locations, run them through the back of desk and to and outlet. I should be able to unplug them but it is fine if it is a PITA.
I eat breakfast on my home desk, spill things all the time, that is my area to be a pig... I don't want to have to worry about spilling something on it. |
2,428,279 | I am farily new to the topic, but I am trying to combine both Django and Pyjamas. What would be the smart way to combine the two? I am not asking about communication, but rather about the logical part.
Should I just put all the Pyjamas generated JS in the base of the domain, say <http://www.mysite.com/something> and setup Django on a subdirectory, or even subdomain, so all the JSON calls will go for <http://something.mysite.com/something> ?
As far as I understand now in such combination theres not much point to create views in Django?
Is there some solution for clean urls in Pyjamas, or that should be solved on some other level? How? Is it a standard way to pass some arguments as GET parameteres in a clean url while calling a Pyjamas generated JS? | 2010/03/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2428279",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/161898/"
] | You should take a look at the good [Django With Pyjamas](https://github.com/pyjs/pyjs/wiki/pyjamaswithdjangojsonrpc) Howto. | acid, I'm not sure this is as much an answer as you would hope but I've been looking for the same answers as you have.
As far as I can see the most practical way to do it is with an Apache server serving Pyjamas output and Django being used as simply a service API for JSONrpc calls and such.
On a side note I am starting to wonder if Django is even the best option for this considering using it simply for this feature is not utilizing most of it's functionality.
The issue so far as I have found with using Django to serve Pyjamas output as Django Views/Templates is that Pyjamas loads as such
Main html page loads "bootstrap.js" and depending on the browser used bootstrap.js will load the appropriate app page. Even if you appropriately setup the static file links using the Django templating language to reference and load "bootstrap.js", I can't seem to do the same for bootstrap.js referencing each individual app page.
This leaves me sad since I do so love the "cruftless URLS" feature of Django. |
2,428,279 | I am farily new to the topic, but I am trying to combine both Django and Pyjamas. What would be the smart way to combine the two? I am not asking about communication, but rather about the logical part.
Should I just put all the Pyjamas generated JS in the base of the domain, say <http://www.mysite.com/something> and setup Django on a subdirectory, or even subdomain, so all the JSON calls will go for <http://something.mysite.com/something> ?
As far as I understand now in such combination theres not much point to create views in Django?
Is there some solution for clean urls in Pyjamas, or that should be solved on some other level? How? Is it a standard way to pass some arguments as GET parameteres in a clean url while calling a Pyjamas generated JS? | 2010/03/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2428279",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/161898/"
] | You should take a look at the good [Django With Pyjamas](https://github.com/pyjs/pyjs/wiki/pyjamaswithdjangojsonrpc) Howto. | I've managed to get the following to work, but it's not ideal. Full disclosure: I haven't figured out how to use the django's template system to get stuff into the pyjamas UI elements, and I have not confirmed that this setup works with django's authentication system. The only thing I've confirmed is that this gets the pyjamas-generated page to show up. Here's what I did.
* Put the main .html file generated by pyjamas in django's "templates" directory and serve it from your project the way you'd serve any other template.
* Put everything else in django's "static" files directory.
* Make the following changes to the main .html file generated by pyjamas: in the head section find the meta element with name="pygwt:module" and change the content="..." attribute to content="/static/..." where "/static/" is the static page URL path you've configured in django; in the body section find the script element with src="bootstrap.js" and replace the attribute with src="/static/bootstrap.js".
You need to make these edits manually each time you regenerate the files with pyjamas. There appears to be no way to tell pyjamas to use a specific URL prefix when generating together its output. Oh well, pyjamas' coolness makes up for a lot. |
2,428,279 | I am farily new to the topic, but I am trying to combine both Django and Pyjamas. What would be the smart way to combine the two? I am not asking about communication, but rather about the logical part.
Should I just put all the Pyjamas generated JS in the base of the domain, say <http://www.mysite.com/something> and setup Django on a subdirectory, or even subdomain, so all the JSON calls will go for <http://something.mysite.com/something> ?
As far as I understand now in such combination theres not much point to create views in Django?
Is there some solution for clean urls in Pyjamas, or that should be solved on some other level? How? Is it a standard way to pass some arguments as GET parameteres in a clean url while calling a Pyjamas generated JS? | 2010/03/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2428279",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/161898/"
] | I've managed to get the following to work, but it's not ideal. Full disclosure: I haven't figured out how to use the django's template system to get stuff into the pyjamas UI elements, and I have not confirmed that this setup works with django's authentication system. The only thing I've confirmed is that this gets the pyjamas-generated page to show up. Here's what I did.
* Put the main .html file generated by pyjamas in django's "templates" directory and serve it from your project the way you'd serve any other template.
* Put everything else in django's "static" files directory.
* Make the following changes to the main .html file generated by pyjamas: in the head section find the meta element with name="pygwt:module" and change the content="..." attribute to content="/static/..." where "/static/" is the static page URL path you've configured in django; in the body section find the script element with src="bootstrap.js" and replace the attribute with src="/static/bootstrap.js".
You need to make these edits manually each time you regenerate the files with pyjamas. There appears to be no way to tell pyjamas to use a specific URL prefix when generating together its output. Oh well, pyjamas' coolness makes up for a lot. | acid, I'm not sure this is as much an answer as you would hope but I've been looking for the same answers as you have.
As far as I can see the most practical way to do it is with an Apache server serving Pyjamas output and Django being used as simply a service API for JSONrpc calls and such.
On a side note I am starting to wonder if Django is even the best option for this considering using it simply for this feature is not utilizing most of it's functionality.
The issue so far as I have found with using Django to serve Pyjamas output as Django Views/Templates is that Pyjamas loads as such
Main html page loads "bootstrap.js" and depending on the browser used bootstrap.js will load the appropriate app page. Even if you appropriately setup the static file links using the Django templating language to reference and load "bootstrap.js", I can't seem to do the same for bootstrap.js referencing each individual app page.
This leaves me sad since I do so love the "cruftless URLS" feature of Django. |
3,741,636 | Is there any way to change a music file Balance?
for example I want to play a sound only from left speaker(by default my sound file is playing in both speaker) | 2010/09/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3741636",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/-1/"
] | you should be able to control the so called panorama with setting the property 'pan' of your avaudioplayer instance.
look in the [documentation for AVAudioPlayer](http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/AVFoundation/Reference/AVAudioPlayerClassReference/Reference/Reference.html)... should be simple.
good luck | If you're looking to manipulate the sound at all, openAL is probably better. It's definitely faster to check the documentation of AVAudioPlayer and use the pan property, but openAL allows pan, gain, location, and balance, along with effects. |
4,550,816 | Admittedly, I could have figured it out through trial and error, but I would also like to know whether or not this number varies and how (computer performance, other data structures present, compiler type, etc.). Thanks! | 2010/12/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4550816",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/555544/"
] | You will need to increase you JVM heap size if you run out of memory, [read this](http://viralpatel.net/blogs/2009/01/jvm-java-increase-heap-size-setting-heap-size-jvm-heap.html). Nothing you can do if your matrix requires a lot of memory (if there is no memory leaks) other than increasing the heap size.
You can change the size of your matrix as large as you want (but not bigger than the maximum value of integer which is used as index) if you have enough memory. Integer is 32bits so, you have the maximum theoretical limit there. | While the maximum array size is the limited by a 32-bit signed value. i.e. 2^31-1 or about 2 billion, most matrices are implemented as two dimensional arrays so the maximum size is 2 billion \* 2 billion. You could use float or double, but if you had a matrix that big your accumulated rounding error would be enormous. ~ 2^62 bits which is more than the accuracy of a double, so you would have to use BigDecimal in any case. Say the each cell took about 128 (2^7) bytes of memory you would need a total of 2^69 bytes or 512 Exa-bytes (32x the theoretical limit of the memory a 64-bit processor can handle) |
4,550,816 | Admittedly, I could have figured it out through trial and error, but I would also like to know whether or not this number varies and how (computer performance, other data structures present, compiler type, etc.). Thanks! | 2010/12/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4550816",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/555544/"
] | You will need to increase you JVM heap size if you run out of memory, [read this](http://viralpatel.net/blogs/2009/01/jvm-java-increase-heap-size-setting-heap-size-jvm-heap.html). Nothing you can do if your matrix requires a lot of memory (if there is no memory leaks) other than increasing the heap size.
You can change the size of your matrix as large as you want (but not bigger than the maximum value of integer which is used as index) if you have enough memory. Integer is 32bits so, you have the maximum theoretical limit there. | it also depends upon the memory of your machine and how much memory you allocate for the process using -Xmx. |
4,550,816 | Admittedly, I could have figured it out through trial and error, but I would also like to know whether or not this number varies and how (computer performance, other data structures present, compiler type, etc.). Thanks! | 2010/12/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4550816",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/555544/"
] | While the maximum array size is the limited by a 32-bit signed value. i.e. 2^31-1 or about 2 billion, most matrices are implemented as two dimensional arrays so the maximum size is 2 billion \* 2 billion. You could use float or double, but if you had a matrix that big your accumulated rounding error would be enormous. ~ 2^62 bits which is more than the accuracy of a double, so you would have to use BigDecimal in any case. Say the each cell took about 128 (2^7) bytes of memory you would need a total of 2^69 bytes or 512 Exa-bytes (32x the theoretical limit of the memory a 64-bit processor can handle) | it also depends upon the memory of your machine and how much memory you allocate for the process using -Xmx. |
18,103 | I came across a simplified description of [Gödel's theorem](http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Essay:G%C3%B6del's_incompleteness_theorem_simply_explained) and the discussion touches on a concept of honesty (truth?) and completeness. How does Gödel's theorem apply to everyday interactions? | 2014/11/14 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/18103",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/8985/"
] | Here's what Jordan Ellenberg, a professor of mathematics at the University of Wisconsin, has to say about this topic in his *[Does Gödel Matter?](http://www.slate.com/articles/life/do_the_math/2005/03/does_gdel_matter.single.html)* article:
>
> What is it about Gödel's theorem that so captures the imagination?
> Probably that its oversimplified plain-English form—"There are true
> things which cannot be proved"—is naturally appealing to anyone with a
> remotely romantic sensibility. Call it "the curse of the slogan": Any
> scientific result that can be approximated by an aphorism is ripe for
> misappropriation. The precise mathematical formulation that is Gödel's
> theorem doesn't really say "there are true things which cannot be
> proved" any more than Einstein's theory means "everything is relative,
> dude, it just depends on your point of view." And **it certainly doesn't
> say anything directly about the world outside mathematics**, though the
> physicist Roger Penrose does use the incompleteness theorem in making
> his controversial case for the role of quantum mechanics in human
> consciousness.
>
>
>
So the short answer to your question *seems* to be that it doesn't, and that extreme care should be taken not to misuse or misrepresent the theorems.
---
Edit: given the high number of upvotes this answer has received, I should point out that I'm by no means an expert on the subject, and that an alternative, more in-depth explanation by someone who knows more would be highly appreciated. | It may never affect your everyday life, but it has weakened our trust in rigid logical methods, as a culture. If even mathematics cannot attain to this kind of complete coverage of a domain, there is a good reason to think we habitually overvalue the role of rules in science.
I think that the shift toward seeing more of the human side of scientific inquiry, and admitting that it is deeply affected by personal faith, was unchained by the brake this kind of result put on logical positivism.
It is in effect the first post-modern fact. Even if you don't go down the whole trail of postmodernism, it keeps the bug in your ear that says absolute modernism strives for more than can be realistically attained. Sociology, faith, human nature, etc. really do matter in the end, and will not just be steamrolled by the sheer power of any system. |
18,103 | I came across a simplified description of [Gödel's theorem](http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Essay:G%C3%B6del's_incompleteness_theorem_simply_explained) and the discussion touches on a concept of honesty (truth?) and completeness. How does Gödel's theorem apply to everyday interactions? | 2014/11/14 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/18103",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/8985/"
] | It may never affect your everyday life, but it has weakened our trust in rigid logical methods, as a culture. If even mathematics cannot attain to this kind of complete coverage of a domain, there is a good reason to think we habitually overvalue the role of rules in science.
I think that the shift toward seeing more of the human side of scientific inquiry, and admitting that it is deeply affected by personal faith, was unchained by the brake this kind of result put on logical positivism.
It is in effect the first post-modern fact. Even if you don't go down the whole trail of postmodernism, it keeps the bug in your ear that says absolute modernism strives for more than can be realistically attained. Sociology, faith, human nature, etc. really do matter in the end, and will not just be steamrolled by the sheer power of any system. | An almost real-life example of the simplified explanation you've referred to could be procedures in a huge corporation, if they are complex enough. Imagine a procedure:
>
> A procedure that doesn't comply with The Company's mission must not be followed
>
>
>
Now, imagine a coffee-drunk, inexperienced employee at 5AM accidentally modifies company's mission statement by adding this sentence:
>
> The Company doesn't allow procedures with description starting with the capital 'A'
>
>
>
Should now all the procedures that don't comply with company's mission (for example being obsolete, after earlier modifications of policy's mission) be followed or not?
This is of course an instance of [the liar paradox](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liar_paradox#G.C3.B6del.27s_First_Incompleteness_Theorem). While this doesn't express the whole of Gödel's theorem it is closely related.
The described situation is not strictly real-life as it probably haven't occurred in reality :) However, systems of procedures may be viewed as formal systems, and when they become complex they often have problems with consistency and completeness. |
18,103 | I came across a simplified description of [Gödel's theorem](http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Essay:G%C3%B6del's_incompleteness_theorem_simply_explained) and the discussion touches on a concept of honesty (truth?) and completeness. How does Gödel's theorem apply to everyday interactions? | 2014/11/14 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/18103",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/8985/"
] | Here's what Jordan Ellenberg, a professor of mathematics at the University of Wisconsin, has to say about this topic in his *[Does Gödel Matter?](http://www.slate.com/articles/life/do_the_math/2005/03/does_gdel_matter.single.html)* article:
>
> What is it about Gödel's theorem that so captures the imagination?
> Probably that its oversimplified plain-English form—"There are true
> things which cannot be proved"—is naturally appealing to anyone with a
> remotely romantic sensibility. Call it "the curse of the slogan": Any
> scientific result that can be approximated by an aphorism is ripe for
> misappropriation. The precise mathematical formulation that is Gödel's
> theorem doesn't really say "there are true things which cannot be
> proved" any more than Einstein's theory means "everything is relative,
> dude, it just depends on your point of view." And **it certainly doesn't
> say anything directly about the world outside mathematics**, though the
> physicist Roger Penrose does use the incompleteness theorem in making
> his controversial case for the role of quantum mechanics in human
> consciousness.
>
>
>
So the short answer to your question *seems* to be that it doesn't, and that extreme care should be taken not to misuse or misrepresent the theorems.
---
Edit: given the high number of upvotes this answer has received, I should point out that I'm by no means an expert on the subject, and that an alternative, more in-depth explanation by someone who knows more would be highly appreciated. | An almost real-life example of the simplified explanation you've referred to could be procedures in a huge corporation, if they are complex enough. Imagine a procedure:
>
> A procedure that doesn't comply with The Company's mission must not be followed
>
>
>
Now, imagine a coffee-drunk, inexperienced employee at 5AM accidentally modifies company's mission statement by adding this sentence:
>
> The Company doesn't allow procedures with description starting with the capital 'A'
>
>
>
Should now all the procedures that don't comply with company's mission (for example being obsolete, after earlier modifications of policy's mission) be followed or not?
This is of course an instance of [the liar paradox](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liar_paradox#G.C3.B6del.27s_First_Incompleteness_Theorem). While this doesn't express the whole of Gödel's theorem it is closely related.
The described situation is not strictly real-life as it probably haven't occurred in reality :) However, systems of procedures may be viewed as formal systems, and when they become complex they often have problems with consistency and completeness. |
12,624,947 | I am just on ONVIF use. I have downloaded "onvifdm-onvif.tar.gz" from <http://synesis.ru/en/surveillance/downloads>, in which there are four files (onvif.discovery.dll, onvif.services.dll, onvif.session.dll, and onvif.utils.dll). I also got a demo code from this forum, in which there are line like this "import org.onvif.ver10.schema.SystemDateTime;"
Apparentlly, the demo code couldn't find the onvif library since the error message said "The import org.onvif cannot be resolved".
Could anyone let me know how to find the proper onvif library, how to import it correctly into my eclipse? Any help would be greatly appreciated! | 2012/09/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/12624947",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1200699/"
] | Or Netbeans -> new project -> java project -> finish.
right cick on project -> new -> jaxb bindings and import onvif.xsd -> finish
it generates a lot files etc.
eclipse -> your\_project -> src -> right click -> import -> general -> folder -> and search your netbeans folder/build/generated-sources/jaxb.
import the whole jaxb folder and than it works! | The best think to do is to start from the wsdl files and generate your classes. Visual studio supports it, or you could use gsoap. |
212,075 | The disease was spreading, and the town's children were \_\_\_\_\_ risk.
A. in B. at
Could you tell me the difference between "in risk" and "at risk".
Thanks. | 2019/05/24 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/212075",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/96001/"
] | You use **at risk.**
**At risk** is an idiom that means "to be in a situation where something unpleasant might happen." ([Collins Dictionary](https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/at-risk))
For example ([nhlbi.nih.gov](https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/pneumonia)):
>
> However, two age groups are **at** greater **risk** of developing
> pneumonia
>
>
>
If you check .gov sites, you can see, they usually say someone is ["at risk of developing"](https://www.google.com/search?newwindow=1&ei=XqfnXMmKIdCXsAfj6qmoBA&q=site%3Agov%20%22at%20risk%20of%20developing%22%20&oq=site%3Agov%20%22at%20risk%20of%20developing%22%20&gs_l=psy-ab.3...1887.1887..4929...0.0..0.51.51.1......0....1..gws-wiz.......0i71.2vqYO9pIydI) a disease and not ["in risk of developing"](https://www.google.com/search?newwindow=1&ei=ZKfnXKzpHorQkwXzx4vwDw&q=site%3Agov%20%22in%20risk%20of%20developing%22&oq=site%3Agov%20%22in%20risk%20of%20developing%22&gs_l=psy-ab.3...20791.21540..22429...0.0..0.55.216.4......0....1..gws-wiz.......0i71.q-i0ri958jo) a disease.
"In risk" is not wrong, but the idiomatic usage is "at risk." | B is the correct answer, that's how English described it,
Within few searches you can get your result, my first search got it for you, and is B:
>
> The disease was spreading, and the town's children were at risk.
>
>
> |
1,470,438 | Are there any frameworks out there which make it even more easy than it is to build Android applications and would you be interested in one? | 2009/09/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1470438",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/174868/"
] | I just found out about [App Dev Wiki](http://www.appdevwiki.com/wiki/show/HomePage). As described on its website:
>
> This wiki is meant to collect links, tools, libraries, and anything
> that is useful for mobile development.
>
>
>
Currently listed android frameworks are:
* [ignition](https://github.com/mttkay/ignition)
* [droid-fu](https://github.com/mttkay/droid-fu)
* [RoboGuice](http://code.google.com/p/roboguice/)
* [Commonsware](https://github.com/commonsguy)
* [ActionBarSherlock](http://actionbarsherlock.com/)
* [Spring Android](http://www.springsource.org/spring-android/)
* [DroidParts](https://github.com/yanchenko/droidparts) | <http://www.motherapp.com/> apparently converts 'HTML' to 'applications'. |
1,470,438 | Are there any frameworks out there which make it even more easy than it is to build Android applications and would you be interested in one? | 2009/09/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1470438",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/174868/"
] | Not really a 'software framework', but a tool to create simple apps easily (that's what Google says):
<http://appinventor.googlelabs.com/about/>
I don't use this tool since I'm not a big fan of this approach, but you could give it a try.
>
> You can build many different types of
> apps with App Inventor. Often people
> begin by building games like MoleMash
> or games that let you draw funny
> pictures on your friend's faces. You
> can even make use of the phone's
> sensors to move a ball through a maze
> based on tilting the phone.
>
>
> But app building is not limited to
> simple games. You can also build apps
> that inform and educate. You can
> create a quiz app to help you and your
> classmates study for a test. With
> Android's text-to-speech capabilities,
> you can even have the phone ask the
> questions aloud.
>
>
> To use App Inventor, you do not need
> to be a developer. This is because
> instead of writing code, you visually
> design the way the app looks and use
> blocks to specify the app's behavior.
>
>
> | There are several frameworks of different scope and purpose to make mobile application development faster, or cross-platform, or code-free.
Technology thrives on competition and new ideas, so please don't take the presence of several other solutions as a deterrent from making your own if you think you can build a rounder wheel. |
1,470,438 | Are there any frameworks out there which make it even more easy than it is to build Android applications and would you be interested in one? | 2009/09/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1470438",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/174868/"
] | Not really a 'software framework', but a tool to create simple apps easily (that's what Google says):
<http://appinventor.googlelabs.com/about/>
I don't use this tool since I'm not a big fan of this approach, but you could give it a try.
>
> You can build many different types of
> apps with App Inventor. Often people
> begin by building games like MoleMash
> or games that let you draw funny
> pictures on your friend's faces. You
> can even make use of the phone's
> sensors to move a ball through a maze
> based on tilting the phone.
>
>
> But app building is not limited to
> simple games. You can also build apps
> that inform and educate. You can
> create a quiz app to help you and your
> classmates study for a test. With
> Android's text-to-speech capabilities,
> you can even have the phone ask the
> questions aloud.
>
>
> To use App Inventor, you do not need
> to be a developer. This is because
> instead of writing code, you visually
> design the way the app looks and use
> blocks to specify the app's behavior.
>
>
> | There's also [phonegap](http://github.com/phonegap/phonegap-android), which you can use to write android apps using html+javascript. |
1,470,438 | Are there any frameworks out there which make it even more easy than it is to build Android applications and would you be interested in one? | 2009/09/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1470438",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/174868/"
] | Soon there will be!
I am working on DroidFu, an Android shared library which will give you:
* tons of utility functions available directly in Activities (and Services), such as spawning list and error dialogs, checking for Intent availability, and other workarounds/replacements for cases where Android lacks desired functionality
* easy handling of asynchronous tasks (takes care of resurrecting dialogs after orientation changes)
* Easy XML parsing using a convention over configuration based XML pull parser
* new adapters and widgets, such as as ListAdapterWithProgress (rendering a loading spinner as the last element when loading something) or a GalleryItem widget which will lazy load an image via a URL while rendering a spinner
* an ImageLoader which can load images from the web asynchonously, backed by a FIFO cache, great for rendering avatars in lists and stuff
I plan to make this available on GitHub.
stay tuned.
**update (Feb 2013)**
Sorry to say that no one is working on this anymore. All people involved in the project have moved on, and since the lib was mostly used in the Qype app, no one feels like maintaining it anymore (Qype got acquired by Yelp btw, so I'm not even sure if we would be allowed to, since most of it was developed during my working hours at Qype.)
For anyone who feels like salvaging it, sources are [here](https://github.com/mttkay/droid-fu). | To continue the list :
I am working on the [BARACUS framework](http://www.baracus.org), which focus is to ease the pain of Android component development.
*Current features:*
* Bean Container with Dependency Injection (type based on Interfaces or Implementations)
* pure Java Configuration
* Bean lifecycle management
* Tiny OR-Mapper solution to have basic ORM w. lazy loading and automatic Row Mapping
* Declarative form validation
* Database hot backup and recovery
* Automated database version management + automated migration
The library is available through [maven central repository](http://search.maven.org/#search%7Cgav%7C1%7Cg%3A%22org.baracus%22%20AND%20a%3A%22baracus-framework%22) (including a maven archetype).
Also, a set of [tutorials is available on blogstpot](http://baracusframework.blogspot.de/p/baracus-from-scratch-table-of-contents.html)
The library is Apache2 licensed, open source (on github) and free usable in any projects (commercial+non-commercial). |
1,470,438 | Are there any frameworks out there which make it even more easy than it is to build Android applications and would you be interested in one? | 2009/09/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1470438",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/174868/"
] | I just found out about [App Dev Wiki](http://www.appdevwiki.com/wiki/show/HomePage). As described on its website:
>
> This wiki is meant to collect links, tools, libraries, and anything
> that is useful for mobile development.
>
>
>
Currently listed android frameworks are:
* [ignition](https://github.com/mttkay/ignition)
* [droid-fu](https://github.com/mttkay/droid-fu)
* [RoboGuice](http://code.google.com/p/roboguice/)
* [Commonsware](https://github.com/commonsguy)
* [ActionBarSherlock](http://actionbarsherlock.com/)
* [Spring Android](http://www.springsource.org/spring-android/)
* [DroidParts](https://github.com/yanchenko/droidparts) | To continue the list :
I am working on the [BARACUS framework](http://www.baracus.org), which focus is to ease the pain of Android component development.
*Current features:*
* Bean Container with Dependency Injection (type based on Interfaces or Implementations)
* pure Java Configuration
* Bean lifecycle management
* Tiny OR-Mapper solution to have basic ORM w. lazy loading and automatic Row Mapping
* Declarative form validation
* Database hot backup and recovery
* Automated database version management + automated migration
The library is available through [maven central repository](http://search.maven.org/#search%7Cgav%7C1%7Cg%3A%22org.baracus%22%20AND%20a%3A%22baracus-framework%22) (including a maven archetype).
Also, a set of [tutorials is available on blogstpot](http://baracusframework.blogspot.de/p/baracus-from-scratch-table-of-contents.html)
The library is Apache2 licensed, open source (on github) and free usable in any projects (commercial+non-commercial). |
1,470,438 | Are there any frameworks out there which make it even more easy than it is to build Android applications and would you be interested in one? | 2009/09/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1470438",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/174868/"
] | I just found out about [App Dev Wiki](http://www.appdevwiki.com/wiki/show/HomePage). As described on its website:
>
> This wiki is meant to collect links, tools, libraries, and anything
> that is useful for mobile development.
>
>
>
Currently listed android frameworks are:
* [ignition](https://github.com/mttkay/ignition)
* [droid-fu](https://github.com/mttkay/droid-fu)
* [RoboGuice](http://code.google.com/p/roboguice/)
* [Commonsware](https://github.com/commonsguy)
* [ActionBarSherlock](http://actionbarsherlock.com/)
* [Spring Android](http://www.springsource.org/spring-android/)
* [DroidParts](https://github.com/yanchenko/droidparts) | One of the best right now IMHO is [Appcelerator](http://www.appcelerator.com/)
Free and open-sourced, develop one app for all major platforms (cross-platform), compiles the app to native code, has a rich API...
I enjoyed playing with it.. very easy to learn :)
Hope this help!
P.S.: even though it sounds like I work there, I don't... unfortunately for me :( |
1,470,438 | Are there any frameworks out there which make it even more easy than it is to build Android applications and would you be interested in one? | 2009/09/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1470438",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/174868/"
] | One of the best right now IMHO is [Appcelerator](http://www.appcelerator.com/)
Free and open-sourced, develop one app for all major platforms (cross-platform), compiles the app to native code, has a rich API...
I enjoyed playing with it.. very easy to learn :)
Hope this help!
P.S.: even though it sounds like I work there, I don't... unfortunately for me :( | I have completed developing an Android Framework for everyone to be able to use easily and quickly. I already developed several applications with that and it is called [appFramework](https://github.com/phoenix256/appFramework) and as you can see, you will be using almost every feature and latest libraries in seconds with just extending or implementing the classes i have already created in the library. Setup process is already included, rest of using roadmap is up to you!
*Already Created Classes of Features:*
* Google Map
* Recycler View
* Retrofit
* Firebase Auth
* RunTime Permission
* CircleImageView
* BottomBar
* Tag Styled Picker
* Right or Left Swipe Actioned Layout (FlingCard)
* Material SearchView
* AppCompatActivity
* Drawer
* Tag Activites of Fragments
* ConfirmationDialog
Have a nice coding! |
1,470,438 | Are there any frameworks out there which make it even more easy than it is to build Android applications and would you be interested in one? | 2009/09/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1470438",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/174868/"
] | I just found out about [App Dev Wiki](http://www.appdevwiki.com/wiki/show/HomePage). As described on its website:
>
> This wiki is meant to collect links, tools, libraries, and anything
> that is useful for mobile development.
>
>
>
Currently listed android frameworks are:
* [ignition](https://github.com/mttkay/ignition)
* [droid-fu](https://github.com/mttkay/droid-fu)
* [RoboGuice](http://code.google.com/p/roboguice/)
* [Commonsware](https://github.com/commonsguy)
* [ActionBarSherlock](http://actionbarsherlock.com/)
* [Spring Android](http://www.springsource.org/spring-android/)
* [DroidParts](https://github.com/yanchenko/droidparts) | Soon there will be!
I am working on DroidFu, an Android shared library which will give you:
* tons of utility functions available directly in Activities (and Services), such as spawning list and error dialogs, checking for Intent availability, and other workarounds/replacements for cases where Android lacks desired functionality
* easy handling of asynchronous tasks (takes care of resurrecting dialogs after orientation changes)
* Easy XML parsing using a convention over configuration based XML pull parser
* new adapters and widgets, such as as ListAdapterWithProgress (rendering a loading spinner as the last element when loading something) or a GalleryItem widget which will lazy load an image via a URL while rendering a spinner
* an ImageLoader which can load images from the web asynchonously, backed by a FIFO cache, great for rendering avatars in lists and stuff
I plan to make this available on GitHub.
stay tuned.
**update (Feb 2013)**
Sorry to say that no one is working on this anymore. All people involved in the project have moved on, and since the lib was mostly used in the Qype app, no one feels like maintaining it anymore (Qype got acquired by Yelp btw, so I'm not even sure if we would be allowed to, since most of it was developed during my working hours at Qype.)
For anyone who feels like salvaging it, sources are [here](https://github.com/mttkay/droid-fu). |
1,470,438 | Are there any frameworks out there which make it even more easy than it is to build Android applications and would you be interested in one? | 2009/09/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1470438",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/174868/"
] | One of the best right now IMHO is [Appcelerator](http://www.appcelerator.com/)
Free and open-sourced, develop one app for all major platforms (cross-platform), compiles the app to native code, has a rich API...
I enjoyed playing with it.. very easy to learn :)
Hope this help!
P.S.: even though it sounds like I work there, I don't... unfortunately for me :( | There are several frameworks of different scope and purpose to make mobile application development faster, or cross-platform, or code-free.
Technology thrives on competition and new ideas, so please don't take the presence of several other solutions as a deterrent from making your own if you think you can build a rounder wheel. |
1,470,438 | Are there any frameworks out there which make it even more easy than it is to build Android applications and would you be interested in one? | 2009/09/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1470438",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/174868/"
] | One of the best right now IMHO is [Appcelerator](http://www.appcelerator.com/)
Free and open-sourced, develop one app for all major platforms (cross-platform), compiles the app to native code, has a rich API...
I enjoyed playing with it.. very easy to learn :)
Hope this help!
P.S.: even though it sounds like I work there, I don't... unfortunately for me :( | <http://www.motherapp.com/> apparently converts 'HTML' to 'applications'. |
15,353,865 | I am having a UIBarButtonItem which i added from NIB. and its width is 33. But that BarButton tapable area is too much. i.e. outside width also we can tap on that button. How to reduce tappable area equal to UIBarButton Width.
Thanks In Advance. | 2013/03/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/15353865",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2159472/"
] | UIBarButtonItem by default have an overlay on it. It is not possible to restrict that extra tappable area using the standard UIBarButtonItem. Better way is to use a normal button which is going to looks like a UIBarButtonItem. | It's by default. U can't reduce the tappable area of UIBarButton.
But I always used to solve this by adding an UIButton with custom image of UIBarButton to the UIView and change the x,y co-ordinates of that UIButton to the frame of UIBarButton and care to take the UIButton should be in the subview of UIView not in the tabbar. |
15,353,865 | I am having a UIBarButtonItem which i added from NIB. and its width is 33. But that BarButton tapable area is too much. i.e. outside width also we can tap on that button. How to reduce tappable area equal to UIBarButton Width.
Thanks In Advance. | 2013/03/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/15353865",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2159472/"
] | UIBarButtonItem by default have an overlay on it. It is not possible to restrict that extra tappable area using the standard UIBarButtonItem. Better way is to use a normal button which is going to looks like a UIBarButtonItem. | Try this:
1. Take object of UIView
2. Create and add UIButton objects in that UIView Object
3. set that UIView object as titleview of navigation item.
[self.navigationController.navigationItem setTitleView:viewobj]; |
41,798 | The rules for [Lay on Hands](http://www.d20pfsrd.com/classes/core-classes/paladin) state that:
>
> Each day she can use this ability a number of times equal to 1/2 her paladin level plus her Charisma modifier.
>
>
>
If the paladin's charisma score is 18, this gives her a modifier of +4. If her level is 4, do the rules mean she can use Lay on Hands 4 times per day:
>
> 4 + 4 = *8*
>
>
> *8* / 2 = **4**
>
>
>
or 6 times per day:
>
> 4 / 2 = *2*
>
>
> *2* + 4 = **6**
>
>
> | 2014/07/02 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/41798",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/2732/"
] | You would not divide the modifier by 2 so it would be 6. Anytime an ability says it is usable X amount of times + Y stat Mod you do not divide the Modifier.
The calculation would be like this.
(X/2)+Y = uses
X = Class Level
Y = Stat Modifier
Also if you are interested in extra uses there are feats such as [this one](http://www.d20pfsrd.com/feats/general-feats/extra-lay-on-hands---final) for almost every class ability with limited uses. | Six. The ½ only applies to the paladin class level, not to the Charisma modifier. |
9,455,392 | Can anyone help me in finding some code examples or tutorials to understand how to use JSON.NET features.
The documentation seems to be a litle confusing and difficult for me to undersatand.
I am new in field of JSON and .NET
Thanks
Puneet | 2012/02/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/9455392",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1006505/"
] | Check the examples given here:
<http://james.newtonking.com/pages/json-net.aspx>
If you are still confused then provide detail of what you want to achieve? | Start off with
<http://www.json.org/>
Then check out
<http://www.drowningintechnicaldebt.com/ShawnWeisfeld/archive/2010/08/22/using-c-4.0-and-dynamic-to-parse-json.aspx>
Using Json with .NET is really easy. |
298,131 | I have several nodes and several taxonomies, but only some nodes have taxonomy relationships.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7Kuk6.png)
My problem is that the taxonomy filter shows those terms too which don't have any node relationships at all, example:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/NSYdr.png)
So even if I don't have any nodes in "Category 1", the term will show up in the filter.
Is there a way to remove those taxonomy terms from the filter which have no content associated to them? | 2020/11/13 | [
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/questions/298131",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/users/93196/"
] | Managed to solve this with the combination of the Search API and Facets modules. Actually, it's not that complicated when you know what to do.
1. Created a search index with the content of the categories.
2. Created a new view with a Filter criteria with Content datasource (Content
type).
3. Finally, added a new facet where the source is the view display page I have created, and the field is the category. | In Views, there is an option to specify a relationship and to require that relationship. You can find it in your View's config page, under Advanced. Just add a relationship to your taxonomy vocabulary and check the option to require the relationship.
The screen shot below is from the **Content** view that ships with Drupal 8, which is a great example of how to define a required relationship.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/gSn68.png) |
965 | Over the past decade or so, there has been a lot of noise regarding the Executive branch doing extra-legal things.
Between the Bush-era Torture scandal, and the Obama-era drone strikes, it increasingly seems as though our leaders are not held accountable to the law.
Some have traced this trend of leaders being above the law to Ford's pardon of Nixon.
My question is:
**What legal mechanisms exist to prevent our leaders from violating the law? and how effective are these mechanisms?** | 2013/02/07 | [
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/965",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/users/193/"
] | First, the President is a citizen of the United States, and just like any other citizen is bound by its laws. As such, the commission of a crime is punishable under the appropriate judicial jurisdiction, as would be the case for any other citizen.
With respect to extra-constitutional uses of powers of the office, our balance of powers gives recourse to the Legislative branch through the impeachment process. As defined in the Constitution:
>
> The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United
> States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and
> Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and
> Misdemeanors.
>
>
>
What constitutes "high Crimes and Misdemeanors" has some room for debate, but as Gerald Ford once said, it can be defined as:
>
> whatever a majority of the House of Representatives considers it to be
> at a given moment in history.
>
>
>
Articles of Impeachment are drawn up by the House of Representatives and require just a simple majority to pass. At this point, the Senate must vote to convict the Impeached individual and remove them from office. This requires a two-thirds majority of the Senate.
Examples of activity leading to Articles of Impeachment have included illegal activity, abuses of power, or simply activities unbecoming of the office.
---
Effectiveness depends a great deal on the observer and the degree to which they feel extra-constitutional activity continues to occur. In the history of the Union only 19 federal officers have been Impeached (not necessarily convicted or removed from office), however, whether that is an indication that the vast majority of federal office holders abide by the Constitution or that Congress tends to overlook such cases is up for debate. | The law is not intended to actively prevent people from committing crimes but rather to provide a method of prosecution and punishment for those who do violate the law. This acts as a deterrent for those who would violate the law. But if the people responsible for investigating, and prosecuting violations lack the will or desire to enforce the law the deterrent factor is basically nonexistent.
It is possible that the officeholders could be prosecuted criminally. However the people who would do this ultimately report up to the president. This creates a conflict of interest. Not to mention the President has the ability to pardon himself while in office. Once out of office the specter of Soviet era purges of previous administration officials is often used as a deterrent for those who would pursue criminal charges post presidency. There was discussion of criminal charges against Nixon after he resigned but Gerald Ford pardoned him preempting the criminal investigation.
Keeping all of that in mind, the framers of the constitution were aware of the dangers or corruption in government. For that reason made sure that certain freedoms were protected. The freedom of press and speech to report on and speak out against illegal actions by our government. The requirement of due process to prevent the government from rounding up those who would speak out against them on dubious charges. And ultimately, the right to keep and bear arms. The idea being that if the government can not be reigned in through the law the people have a mechanism through which they can rise up and topple that government. |
62,647 | Scrollable Tab Bar...
=====================
...or *'More'* button?
======================
Which is more user-friendly?
----------------------------
I am new to mobile design and don't have a device myself so I could not say which is more used.
I'm targeting Android, iOS, and Windows Phone. I will have 8-10 tabs at the most. I don't want to have a sidebar menu because of performance issues with my last build. | 2014/08/06 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/62647",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/52764/"
] | You should use a "more" button to provide additional menu options.
You should also really look at your navigation structure and figure out why you need so many options! 8-10 seems overly excessive.
**Apple**: The [iOS Human Interface Guidelines](https://developer.apple.com/library/iOS/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/MobileHIG/index.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40006556) call out a minimum button size of 44x44 pixels, which equates to roughly 7mm. Pushing a left/right button onto the menu would introduce a much smaller hit target, which would likely frustrate users (especially those with larger fingers).
iOS also makes a 5 tab limit recommendation in the Tab Bars section of the [UI Elements section](https://developer.apple.com/library/iOS/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/MobileHIG/Bars.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40006556-CH12-SW1), and *specifically* calls for a "more" button:
>
> Displays no more than five tabs at one time on iPhone (if there are more tabs, the tab bar displays four of them and adds the More tab, which reveals the additional tabs in a list)
>
>
>
**Microsoft**: goes into greater detail in the [Design library for Windows Phone](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-US/library/windowsphone/design/fa00461b-abe1-41d1-be87-0b0fe3d3389d(v=vs.105).aspx). . As described in the [Interactions and usability with Windows Phone](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windowsphone/design/hh202889(v=vs.105).aspx) section: a 9mm square is the ideal touch target size; where smaller hit target heights are warranted, the minimum target size is 7mm; a minimum spacing of 2mm between elements.
>
> The recommended touch target size is greater than or equal to 9 mm square. Use this for controls that support the majority of tasks.
>
>
> If space is severely constrained, you can use a minimum touch target size of 7 mm, as long as the width is much larger.
>
>
> Nine millimeters is a number determined by hundreds of hours of user testing, and represents the lowest average error rate (or the ratio of false taps to the total number of taps) for both discrete and serial tasks. A 9 mm minimum touch target size can limit error rate to as little as 1.6 percent.
>
>
> The minimum touch target size is 7 mm. Use this for controls that are infrequently used or controls that are wide enough (greater than or equal to 15 mm), and only when too much height limits the design.
>
>
>
These target sizes would clearly be difficult to achieve with the small left/right buttons.
The Windows Phone [App Bar](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/apps/ff431813(v=vs.105).aspx) (the bar at the bottom) actually supports scrolling out of the box. But the guidelines specifically call our limiting your buttons to 5 or less, to avoid scrolling:
>
> Avoid using more than five menu items on an Application Bar because it will force the user to scroll.
>
>
>
**Google**: recommends similar sizing in the [Android Design](http://developer.android.com/design/index.html) documentation. Touchable UI components are suggested to be laid out along 48dp units, as described in the [Metrics and Grids](http://developer.android.com/design/style/metrics-grids.html) section, which translate to a physical size of about 9mm (with some variability due to differences in screen density).
Again, we clearly see that hit size recommendations would call to avoid the left/right buttons in a menu.
While I did not find any specific recommendation for button counts the precedence for "more" is clearly established in several commonly used applications within the Android ecosphere. You can read more about the [Action Bars](http://developer.android.com/design/patterns/actionbar.html) and perhaps find a recommendation I did not. | I would go for the scrolling tab bar, assuming you can swish left or right, with 10 items this would allow the user to access menu items more quickly than pressing right 3 times to get to the 10th item. |
62,647 | Scrollable Tab Bar...
=====================
...or *'More'* button?
======================
Which is more user-friendly?
----------------------------
I am new to mobile design and don't have a device myself so I could not say which is more used.
I'm targeting Android, iOS, and Windows Phone. I will have 8-10 tabs at the most. I don't want to have a sidebar menu because of performance issues with my last build. | 2014/08/06 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/62647",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/52764/"
] | You should use a "more" button to provide additional menu options.
You should also really look at your navigation structure and figure out why you need so many options! 8-10 seems overly excessive.
**Apple**: The [iOS Human Interface Guidelines](https://developer.apple.com/library/iOS/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/MobileHIG/index.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40006556) call out a minimum button size of 44x44 pixels, which equates to roughly 7mm. Pushing a left/right button onto the menu would introduce a much smaller hit target, which would likely frustrate users (especially those with larger fingers).
iOS also makes a 5 tab limit recommendation in the Tab Bars section of the [UI Elements section](https://developer.apple.com/library/iOS/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/MobileHIG/Bars.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40006556-CH12-SW1), and *specifically* calls for a "more" button:
>
> Displays no more than five tabs at one time on iPhone (if there are more tabs, the tab bar displays four of them and adds the More tab, which reveals the additional tabs in a list)
>
>
>
**Microsoft**: goes into greater detail in the [Design library for Windows Phone](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-US/library/windowsphone/design/fa00461b-abe1-41d1-be87-0b0fe3d3389d(v=vs.105).aspx). . As described in the [Interactions and usability with Windows Phone](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windowsphone/design/hh202889(v=vs.105).aspx) section: a 9mm square is the ideal touch target size; where smaller hit target heights are warranted, the minimum target size is 7mm; a minimum spacing of 2mm between elements.
>
> The recommended touch target size is greater than or equal to 9 mm square. Use this for controls that support the majority of tasks.
>
>
> If space is severely constrained, you can use a minimum touch target size of 7 mm, as long as the width is much larger.
>
>
> Nine millimeters is a number determined by hundreds of hours of user testing, and represents the lowest average error rate (or the ratio of false taps to the total number of taps) for both discrete and serial tasks. A 9 mm minimum touch target size can limit error rate to as little as 1.6 percent.
>
>
> The minimum touch target size is 7 mm. Use this for controls that are infrequently used or controls that are wide enough (greater than or equal to 15 mm), and only when too much height limits the design.
>
>
>
These target sizes would clearly be difficult to achieve with the small left/right buttons.
The Windows Phone [App Bar](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/apps/ff431813(v=vs.105).aspx) (the bar at the bottom) actually supports scrolling out of the box. But the guidelines specifically call our limiting your buttons to 5 or less, to avoid scrolling:
>
> Avoid using more than five menu items on an Application Bar because it will force the user to scroll.
>
>
>
**Google**: recommends similar sizing in the [Android Design](http://developer.android.com/design/index.html) documentation. Touchable UI components are suggested to be laid out along 48dp units, as described in the [Metrics and Grids](http://developer.android.com/design/style/metrics-grids.html) section, which translate to a physical size of about 9mm (with some variability due to differences in screen density).
Again, we clearly see that hit size recommendations would call to avoid the left/right buttons in a menu.
While I did not find any specific recommendation for button counts the precedence for "more" is clearly established in several commonly used applications within the Android ecosphere. You can read more about the [Action Bars](http://developer.android.com/design/patterns/actionbar.html) and perhaps find a recommendation I did not. | On Android the design guidelines specify a navigation drawer for your situation, if you use fragments instead of activities there will not be a performance issue. If you are really dead set against navigation drawer, then I would just go with the standard on iOS, which is no more than 5 tabs, with the fifth tab being a more tab if necessary. (I would use this iOS standard for both platforms). |
50,712 | Since most people associate blue words/phrases on a webpage with hyperlinks, I know it's a bad idea to use blue text to provide emphasis on a word or phrase within a paragraph. However, does the same issue apply when blue is used for headings? | 2014/01/21 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/50712",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/41331/"
] | I definitely agree with the previous statements regarding the need to be careful to not cause confusion about what is/is not a link. However, from a strictly accessibility standpoint, you would be best to focus on the contrast of the heading more so than the blue/not blue. To check to see if you have adequate contrast in place, you should check [WEB AIM's Contrast Checker](http://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/). | From the Smashing Magazine article [10 Useful Usability Findings and Guidelines](http://uxdesign.smashingmagazine.com/2009/09/24/10-useful-usability-findings-and-guidelines/):
>
> **Blue Is The Best Color For Links**
>
>
> While giving your website a unique
> design is great, when it comes to usability, doing what everyone else
> is doing is best. Follow conventions, because when people visit a new
> website, the first place they look for things are in the places where
> they found them on most other websites; they tap into their experience
> to make sense of this new content. This is known as usage patterns.
> People expect certain things to be the same, such as link colors, the
> location of the website’s logo, the behavior of tabbed navigation and
> so on.
>
>
> "Google keeps all links on its websites blue for a reason: the color
> is familiar to most users, which makes it easy to locate."
>
>
>
1. If its a hyperlink headline of an article I would use the blue text color since you are trying to get people to click on it.
2. If its just a simple headline for a page or its best to
use a non-distracting color like grey for example.
Headlines are used to get your attention but if your goal is to have the user continue reading the rest of the page it should not be the focal point and blue tends to do that.
Again it depends on what is used for and the type of site it is. |
12,109 | Imagine a game had just an update. Some dedicated discussion server does the research and publishes the hidden and/or not so obvious changes included in that update, e.g. drop rate of XY. Is it then fine to grab these results, create an artificial question "what is the drop rate of XY after the update?" and immediately provide the answer?
There is certainly a non-zero chance that someone would ask that genuinely later, but is this really how it should work? I don't see added value in any way. Is it easier to google the answer here than on reddit or anywhere else where the results were published?
Example: [How do I catch a Ditto?](https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/292075/how-do-i-catch-a-ditto) | 2016/11/23 | [
"https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/12109",
"https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/users/170442/"
] | There is an option when you ask a question that says "Answer your own question, Q&A style!" This allows you to post an answer alongside your question when you ask it.
This is encouraged if you already know the answer. This way, you can inform/help others. It shouldn't be seen as a method of "mining rep." It saves other users the time of asking the question *and* doing the research to come up with a sufficient answer. I've done it before. My thought process is usually something along the lines of "I've thought of it, other people will probably also wonder the same thing in the future."
As with all questions, you can't accept your own answer until the question has been available for 48 hours, though.
For more information, see this article in the Help Center: [Can I answer my own question?](https://gaming.stackexchange.com/help/self-answer) | Yes, it is OK
-------------
If people find the question and answer helpful they will up-vote and everybody wins. If the question is frivolous and/or poorly written, people like us will be there to down-vote and discourage further frivolity. |
82,022 | **Do *you* write consumer desktop applications with .NET languages?** If so what type?
My impression is that most consumer desktop applications are still native compiled applications in C, C++ and the like.
Whilst .NET languages are growing in up take and popularity, do these new breed of applications ever break out of the enterprise & web domain to become high street consumer applications?
For example look at your desktop now? how many applications are written in .NET languages, Firefox? Microsoft Office? Thunderbird? iTunes? Microsoft Visual Studio?
My company develops high end CAD/CAE applications we leverage new technology but our core development is still done with C++. | 2008/09/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/82022",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2387/"
] | As mentioned, I know of Tomboy, Beagle, and in addition, F-Spot. All come as part of most linux distros. Paint.NET is another app. | Not the traditional desktop app, but the ATI Catalyst Control Center is .NET based. |
82,022 | **Do *you* write consumer desktop applications with .NET languages?** If so what type?
My impression is that most consumer desktop applications are still native compiled applications in C, C++ and the like.
Whilst .NET languages are growing in up take and popularity, do these new breed of applications ever break out of the enterprise & web domain to become high street consumer applications?
For example look at your desktop now? how many applications are written in .NET languages, Firefox? Microsoft Office? Thunderbird? iTunes? Microsoft Visual Studio?
My company develops high end CAD/CAE applications we leverage new technology but our core development is still done with C++. | 2008/09/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/82022",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2387/"
] | I built and maintain a big desktop application written in .NET (1.1, 2.0 now). The application is for Dentists and it works by making use of the Ink technology found in the MIcrosoft.Ink namespace in the TabletPC SDK.
Some dentists use Tablet PCs to make things easier and leverage the power of that technology.
On the other hand, since I find Windows UI not good looking (XP/Vista) and find that every application looks the same and inconsistent, I wrote my own GDI+ library of controls and while respecting more or less the "windows UI guidelines", I came up with very nice buttons and other UI elements that make my App look "way better" than any other "normal" windows application.
We run at full screen (maximixed, no controls, no app bar), but we do this because it's a very *specific* application used in machines *dedicated* to the task. Dental clinics don't use Microsoft Excel and ALT-TAB to our application. The application works like an "ATM", touch touch, done. Very simple. It has been a success in Europe where I am.
So I have to say that I am glad that the app is **not** a web application, because when we started, the .NET GDI+ for Windows Forms was way superior to anything that WEB could have offered; even today, Ajax is not able to reproduce the full desktop experience (not that it should but…).
Java had an ugly UI back then (don't know now) so we elected .NET and used C# ever since.
Desktop applications are not going to die anytime soon, some things still cannot be reproduced inside a webrowser.
I considered Java, C++, Delphi among others before starting with this six years ago. None offered the simplicity and power of c#.NET with little disadvantages (like the Framework that nobody had back then). Now, every windows box *will surely* have the .NET Framework 2.0.
Again, my consumer application is very specific and targeted towards a closed market, but we don't have anything *against* .NET. | Intuit's TurboTax 2007 and 2008 are both written in .NET. Unlike the demo of a niche-market video edit tool I griped about in a comment to another answer, it actually installed completely cleanly and without incident (including its self-updater trick) on my slightly aging XP box here at home.
This year's UI is substantially different from past years, and for the most part its better. Since the transition to .NET seems to have happened last year without changing the UI much at all, the new UI can't be blamed on (or credited to) the switch to .NET.
I'm just a user, and have no idea what motivated their dev team to switch.
I do think that is the first retail software package I've caught in the wild that was clearly based on .NET. |
82,022 | **Do *you* write consumer desktop applications with .NET languages?** If so what type?
My impression is that most consumer desktop applications are still native compiled applications in C, C++ and the like.
Whilst .NET languages are growing in up take and popularity, do these new breed of applications ever break out of the enterprise & web domain to become high street consumer applications?
For example look at your desktop now? how many applications are written in .NET languages, Firefox? Microsoft Office? Thunderbird? iTunes? Microsoft Visual Studio?
My company develops high end CAD/CAE applications we leverage new technology but our core development is still done with C++. | 2008/09/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/82022",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2387/"
] | I built and maintain a big desktop application written in .NET (1.1, 2.0 now). The application is for Dentists and it works by making use of the Ink technology found in the MIcrosoft.Ink namespace in the TabletPC SDK.
Some dentists use Tablet PCs to make things easier and leverage the power of that technology.
On the other hand, since I find Windows UI not good looking (XP/Vista) and find that every application looks the same and inconsistent, I wrote my own GDI+ library of controls and while respecting more or less the "windows UI guidelines", I came up with very nice buttons and other UI elements that make my App look "way better" than any other "normal" windows application.
We run at full screen (maximixed, no controls, no app bar), but we do this because it's a very *specific* application used in machines *dedicated* to the task. Dental clinics don't use Microsoft Excel and ALT-TAB to our application. The application works like an "ATM", touch touch, done. Very simple. It has been a success in Europe where I am.
So I have to say that I am glad that the app is **not** a web application, because when we started, the .NET GDI+ for Windows Forms was way superior to anything that WEB could have offered; even today, Ajax is not able to reproduce the full desktop experience (not that it should but…).
Java had an ugly UI back then (don't know now) so we elected .NET and used C# ever since.
Desktop applications are not going to die anytime soon, some things still cannot be reproduced inside a webrowser.
I considered Java, C++, Delphi among others before starting with this six years ago. None offered the simplicity and power of c#.NET with little disadvantages (like the Framework that nobody had back then). Now, every windows box *will surely* have the .NET Framework 2.0.
Again, my consumer application is very specific and targeted towards a closed market, but we don't have anything *against* .NET. | Actually, I have found some applications that require .Net on my desktop.
The most famous is Paint.Net, but also amongst them is "Catalyst Control Center", delivered with my ATI graphics card.
And naturally, our company is writing our own desktop .Net application. Our target audience are business users. |
82,022 | **Do *you* write consumer desktop applications with .NET languages?** If so what type?
My impression is that most consumer desktop applications are still native compiled applications in C, C++ and the like.
Whilst .NET languages are growing in up take and popularity, do these new breed of applications ever break out of the enterprise & web domain to become high street consumer applications?
For example look at your desktop now? how many applications are written in .NET languages, Firefox? Microsoft Office? Thunderbird? iTunes? Microsoft Visual Studio?
My company develops high end CAD/CAE applications we leverage new technology but our core development is still done with C++. | 2008/09/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/82022",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2387/"
] | As mentioned, I know of Tomboy, Beagle, and in addition, F-Spot. All come as part of most linux distros. Paint.NET is another app. | Actually, I have found some applications that require .Net on my desktop.
The most famous is Paint.Net, but also amongst them is "Catalyst Control Center", delivered with my ATI graphics card.
And naturally, our company is writing our own desktop .Net application. Our target audience are business users. |
82,022 | **Do *you* write consumer desktop applications with .NET languages?** If so what type?
My impression is that most consumer desktop applications are still native compiled applications in C, C++ and the like.
Whilst .NET languages are growing in up take and popularity, do these new breed of applications ever break out of the enterprise & web domain to become high street consumer applications?
For example look at your desktop now? how many applications are written in .NET languages, Firefox? Microsoft Office? Thunderbird? iTunes? Microsoft Visual Studio?
My company develops high end CAD/CAE applications we leverage new technology but our core development is still done with C++. | 2008/09/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/82022",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2387/"
] | As mentioned, I know of Tomboy, Beagle, and in addition, F-Spot. All come as part of most linux distros. Paint.NET is another app. | TechSmith's Jing is .NET, and in fact it is WPF so it is 3.5, bleeding edge .NET. |
82,022 | **Do *you* write consumer desktop applications with .NET languages?** If so what type?
My impression is that most consumer desktop applications are still native compiled applications in C, C++ and the like.
Whilst .NET languages are growing in up take and popularity, do these new breed of applications ever break out of the enterprise & web domain to become high street consumer applications?
For example look at your desktop now? how many applications are written in .NET languages, Firefox? Microsoft Office? Thunderbird? iTunes? Microsoft Visual Studio?
My company develops high end CAD/CAE applications we leverage new technology but our core development is still done with C++. | 2008/09/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/82022",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2387/"
] | I've noticed that in [Process Explorer](http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb896653.aspx) more and more of my desktop apps are being highlighted in yellow (meaning they're .Net). As mentioned above, ATI's Catalyst is, Windows Live Mesh, many games have .Net update or config engines, as well as most of the bits I write that haven't quite made it into the public arena yet (because I don't have as much time as I'd like for coding & testing). Also, large parts of Visual Studio ARE .NET - at least according to Process Explorer.
I think that, as somebody mentioned above, there are a lot of desktop apps already out there that have older code-bases which their owners won't convert unless there's some fantastic value in doing so. | TechSmith's Jing is .NET, and in fact it is WPF so it is 3.5, bleeding edge .NET. |
82,022 | **Do *you* write consumer desktop applications with .NET languages?** If so what type?
My impression is that most consumer desktop applications are still native compiled applications in C, C++ and the like.
Whilst .NET languages are growing in up take and popularity, do these new breed of applications ever break out of the enterprise & web domain to become high street consumer applications?
For example look at your desktop now? how many applications are written in .NET languages, Firefox? Microsoft Office? Thunderbird? iTunes? Microsoft Visual Studio?
My company develops high end CAD/CAE applications we leverage new technology but our core development is still done with C++. | 2008/09/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/82022",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2387/"
] | Maybe you are seeing this because many of the popular desktop apps have a code base older than 2001?
Edit: I should probably have said older than 2003 or 2004...I doubt anyone would have started a major desktop app the first year or two of the .NET release. | Most of you refer to open source. I agree, there are some projects using .NET (I'm using RSSBandit for example) but they doesn't matter (mostly). But what about enterprise apps? Recently I've written app which is like MS Surface and it is for advertising purposes. Before this I had to write an app to maintain warehouse for example. Something different? In times of WinForms I've written an app to support ebay-like page. Do you need any more?
Personally, I think that .NET is widely use in business (which you don't see everyday) and it's not used by open source (why? I don't know, maybe contributors hate MS?). However, I also think that it will be changing towards .NET, especially with the next releases of the Windows platform. And, I almost forgot - installing .NET framework is not a problem, be serious, users are not that stupid and lazy!
And it's true that desktop is loosing it's mojo to web environment, but it will never die ;) |
82,022 | **Do *you* write consumer desktop applications with .NET languages?** If so what type?
My impression is that most consumer desktop applications are still native compiled applications in C, C++ and the like.
Whilst .NET languages are growing in up take and popularity, do these new breed of applications ever break out of the enterprise & web domain to become high street consumer applications?
For example look at your desktop now? how many applications are written in .NET languages, Firefox? Microsoft Office? Thunderbird? iTunes? Microsoft Visual Studio?
My company develops high end CAD/CAE applications we leverage new technology but our core development is still done with C++. | 2008/09/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/82022",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2387/"
] | As long as you don't need über performance, I can't see any reason not to use .NET. With the new super small redistriutables you can include a .net installer that takes up a couple hundred KB.
I would say that the productivity gains of a modern, garbage collected language should only make C++ a good option if you already have the developers who are proficient in that language or there are specific technical requirements which makes it necessary or if the clients' machines are locked down such that the .net platform cannot be used.
While I'm not a part of the working force yet (i.e. I am a student), everything I can get away with I write in C#. Nothing else I've tried comes close to the level of efficiency and cleanness afforded by this language (and which provides all the productivity features of Visuall Studio). | Most of you refer to open source. I agree, there are some projects using .NET (I'm using RSSBandit for example) but they doesn't matter (mostly). But what about enterprise apps? Recently I've written app which is like MS Surface and it is for advertising purposes. Before this I had to write an app to maintain warehouse for example. Something different? In times of WinForms I've written an app to support ebay-like page. Do you need any more?
Personally, I think that .NET is widely use in business (which you don't see everyday) and it's not used by open source (why? I don't know, maybe contributors hate MS?). However, I also think that it will be changing towards .NET, especially with the next releases of the Windows platform. And, I almost forgot - installing .NET framework is not a problem, be serious, users are not that stupid and lazy!
And it's true that desktop is loosing it's mojo to web environment, but it will never die ;) |
82,022 | **Do *you* write consumer desktop applications with .NET languages?** If so what type?
My impression is that most consumer desktop applications are still native compiled applications in C, C++ and the like.
Whilst .NET languages are growing in up take and popularity, do these new breed of applications ever break out of the enterprise & web domain to become high street consumer applications?
For example look at your desktop now? how many applications are written in .NET languages, Firefox? Microsoft Office? Thunderbird? iTunes? Microsoft Visual Studio?
My company develops high end CAD/CAE applications we leverage new technology but our core development is still done with C++. | 2008/09/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/82022",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2387/"
] | Visual Studio (at least 2008) IS written in .NET | Microsoft InfoPath - part of Microsoft Office is also written in .NET |
82,022 | **Do *you* write consumer desktop applications with .NET languages?** If so what type?
My impression is that most consumer desktop applications are still native compiled applications in C, C++ and the like.
Whilst .NET languages are growing in up take and popularity, do these new breed of applications ever break out of the enterprise & web domain to become high street consumer applications?
For example look at your desktop now? how many applications are written in .NET languages, Firefox? Microsoft Office? Thunderbird? iTunes? Microsoft Visual Studio?
My company develops high end CAD/CAE applications we leverage new technology but our core development is still done with C++. | 2008/09/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/82022",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2387/"
] | Visual Studio (at least 2008) IS written in .NET | Almost all the client programs written here where I work are in .NET; it's a terrific platform for business applications. Having said that, most of the programs out there that .NET would be a good target for are being deployed as web applications instead; the rest are typically graphical and cpu-intensive applications that are typically implemented in c++ for performance reasons. For the same reason, you don't see too many desktop applications written in java, either. |
3,221,367 | Please. Can any one help me ?
I have Mat file include struct of array for features vectors, I need to use this file in C++ program. How can I load this file in my C++ program? | 2010/07/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3221367",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/388653/"
] | You could try the [matio](http://sourceforge.net/projects/matio/) library. It supports at least up to version 5 mat files (compression and structures I think) and maybe more recent stuff. It seems to be actively developed. | Assuming you have MATLAB, you can read the [help article](http://www.mathworks.ch/access/helpdesk/help/techdoc/matlab_external/f39876.html) on their MAT-file API.
Otherwise, there are various open source MAT file readers. If necessary, I'm sure someone can locate them for you. |
3,221,367 | Please. Can any one help me ?
I have Mat file include struct of array for features vectors, I need to use this file in C++ program. How can I load this file in my C++ program? | 2010/07/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3221367",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/388653/"
] | Assuming you have MATLAB, you can read the [help article](http://www.mathworks.ch/access/helpdesk/help/techdoc/matlab_external/f39876.html) on their MAT-file API.
Otherwise, there are various open source MAT file readers. If necessary, I'm sure someone can locate them for you. | Modern (since atleast 2006ish) versions of Matlab use the standard HDF5 data format (<http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical_Data_Format>) so the HDF5 reference library would be a sensible place to start if a more specific solution doesn't work - many language bindings are available. |
3,221,367 | Please. Can any one help me ?
I have Mat file include struct of array for features vectors, I need to use this file in C++ program. How can I load this file in my C++ program? | 2010/07/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3221367",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/388653/"
] | You could try the [matio](http://sourceforge.net/projects/matio/) library. It supports at least up to version 5 mat files (compression and structures I think) and maybe more recent stuff. It seems to be actively developed. | Modern (since atleast 2006ish) versions of Matlab use the standard HDF5 data format (<http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical_Data_Format>) so the HDF5 reference library would be a sensible place to start if a more specific solution doesn't work - many language bindings are available. |
11,640 | I need to get a motor from an electric motorbike to drive a single-speed BMX Bike chain, and I haven't worked with bikes/sprockets before so I don't know where to start (I was only supposed to be doing the throttle and electronics, not sure how I ended up with the chain drive).
I know I need a sprocket with as few teeth as possible (~10-14 or less) and can be mounted onto a 9.5mm shaft double flattened to 8.4mm, and 4.5mm long, and have the teeth fit a standard single-speed BMX bike chain.(measurements are from a set of calipers, motor doesn't have any specs :P) I have a sprocket from the motor, but it isn't the correct tooth size/spacing for a bike chain.
**Is this something that exists or can be made on a part-by-part basis, or do I need to weld something up?**
---
 | 2016/09/27 | [
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/questions/11640",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/users/8182/"
] | What variation in value are you experiencing?
Theoretically, the curvature or strain of the beam should be constant in between load points. Minor variation could be expected, but major probably indicates a problem.
Assuming all strain gauges are calibrated thermo corrected etc then it could be a faulty strain gauge or poor adhesive/preparation. | If the beam had previously been overloaded to point of plastic deformation then the strain readings will be incorrect. There is also the issue of repeated experiments causing permanent strain hardening in each successive iteration of the experiment. It is always worthwhile to understand why the experiment may not have modelled predictive calculations and discuss them in the assignment paper. Whilst this may not be the expected results and explain why is worth more to an examiner than just exact results because it demonstrates your knowledge and understanding of the issues at hand. |
11,640 | I need to get a motor from an electric motorbike to drive a single-speed BMX Bike chain, and I haven't worked with bikes/sprockets before so I don't know where to start (I was only supposed to be doing the throttle and electronics, not sure how I ended up with the chain drive).
I know I need a sprocket with as few teeth as possible (~10-14 or less) and can be mounted onto a 9.5mm shaft double flattened to 8.4mm, and 4.5mm long, and have the teeth fit a standard single-speed BMX bike chain.(measurements are from a set of calipers, motor doesn't have any specs :P) I have a sprocket from the motor, but it isn't the correct tooth size/spacing for a bike chain.
**Is this something that exists or can be made on a part-by-part basis, or do I need to weld something up?**
---
 | 2016/09/27 | [
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/questions/11640",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/users/8182/"
] | If the loads you apply are too big, you can get local crushing of the beam, or plastic deformation of the beam at the loading points instead of uniform elastic bending.
But without more details of your experimental setup, it's a complete guess whether this is actually the cause.
A basic check is whether the beam returns to its original state when the loads are removed - i.e. it is still straight, and the gauges all read zero.
(Of course if this is a lab experiment and some previous student had permanently bent the beam before you used it, you won't get the expected results!) | If the beam had previously been overloaded to point of plastic deformation then the strain readings will be incorrect. There is also the issue of repeated experiments causing permanent strain hardening in each successive iteration of the experiment. It is always worthwhile to understand why the experiment may not have modelled predictive calculations and discuss them in the assignment paper. Whilst this may not be the expected results and explain why is worth more to an examiner than just exact results because it demonstrates your knowledge and understanding of the issues at hand. |
11,640 | I need to get a motor from an electric motorbike to drive a single-speed BMX Bike chain, and I haven't worked with bikes/sprockets before so I don't know where to start (I was only supposed to be doing the throttle and electronics, not sure how I ended up with the chain drive).
I know I need a sprocket with as few teeth as possible (~10-14 or less) and can be mounted onto a 9.5mm shaft double flattened to 8.4mm, and 4.5mm long, and have the teeth fit a standard single-speed BMX bike chain.(measurements are from a set of calipers, motor doesn't have any specs :P) I have a sprocket from the motor, but it isn't the correct tooth size/spacing for a bike chain.
**Is this something that exists or can be made on a part-by-part basis, or do I need to weld something up?**
---
 | 2016/09/27 | [
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/questions/11640",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/users/8182/"
] | I would add to the above answers:
The beam could have sustained strain hardening from the manufacturing, cutting, preparation or any strain history that has left local changes in its elasticity modulus even if it has been straightened and looks within acceptable tolerances. | If the beam had previously been overloaded to point of plastic deformation then the strain readings will be incorrect. There is also the issue of repeated experiments causing permanent strain hardening in each successive iteration of the experiment. It is always worthwhile to understand why the experiment may not have modelled predictive calculations and discuss them in the assignment paper. Whilst this may not be the expected results and explain why is worth more to an examiner than just exact results because it demonstrates your knowledge and understanding of the issues at hand. |
1,983,394 | There are quite a few issues when you open source an existing website, and I'd like to see how how others have tackled this before. Are there some good examples out there of web applications, which have a public source code repository?
These are issues I have in mind:
* Handling sensitive data: salt keys, database connection info, etc.
I suppose you could store these in a file that is outside of the project, and only distribute an example file for contributors to build their local version.
* Protect your user base: what if a contributor doesn't want to cooperate, and wants to publish their own version on a different domain/server?
It's not just bad that you may loose users, but it is also confusing for your users.
* Protect your search engine indexation: what if you are penalized by Google because someone carelessly publishes a copy of your site on a different www?
My best guess right now would be to use a standard open source license and add an extra clause that basically says you can build your local version and modify for your own uses, distribute the modified code, but you can not publish either the original or modified version on a public www (that leaves the possibility to build a custom version for intranet use, which won't hurt the website's userbase and indexation).
I think this is programming related. In other words my question is how can you effectively allow people to *read/learn from* your code and *contribute* without jeopardizing an already established web app and associated community? | 2009/12/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1983394",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/-1/"
] | >
> * Handling sensitive data: salt keys, database connection info, etc.
>
> I suppose you could store these in a
> file that is outside of the project,
> and only distribute an example file
> for contributors to build their local
> version.
>
>
>
You pretty much answer this question yourself here. You're absolutely right; you don't store your sensitive data in the code (and shouldn't do that anyhow), you store it in separate configuration files, and distribute templates, or scripts that can help generate the configuration files, or something of the sort.
>
> * Protect your user base: what if a contributor doesn't want to cooperate, and wants to publish their own version on a different domain/server?
>
> It's not just bad that you may loose users, but it is also confusing for your users.
>
>
>
This is where copyleft licenses come in handy. One of the most popular is the GPL; this says that other people can modify your program, but if they distribute modified versions, they must release the source as well (this is a brief paraphrase, read [the license itself](http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html) and that [FAQ on the license](http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html) for more details). One problem with the GPL in web apps is that someone can modify your program, and not release source, as long as they never distribute the modified app, but just run it on their own servers (although this becoming a bit less of a problem as more of web apps are being written in JavaScript and distributed to the client).
For this reason, the AGPL was written, which requires that they release source code to their users if they run the application on a server. The AGPL is not as popular as the GPL, however, and there are plenty of pretty significant projects that consider the GPL to be good enough even for server software (WordPress, for instance). You'll have to make a judgement here about what your priorities are.
>
> * Protect your search engine indexation: what if you are penalized by Google because someone carelessly publishes a copy of your site on a different www?
>
>
>
Generally, your will want your site to be indexed based on unique content terms that appear on your site, and not generic user interface terms that will appear on any site that uses the same software. Of course, this depends on whether your software is used to deliver other content, or whether it is purely an application interface.
You may wish to keep your own branding, advertising, and so on separate from the code itself to prevent this problem. Any terms which are essential to using this service do have the potential to be copied, but anything that distinguishes you uniquely as a business can be kept separate.
Again, think about WordPress. Their name is all over many blogs, and yet they are not penalized by Google, and the commercial WordPress service appears third in a Google search (behind two links for the open source project). | Hope this can help others, a [list of web-applications released under AGPL](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AGPL_web_applications). |
110,583 | I've been looking around but couldn't really find anything conclusive.
First of all, as the title says, in case a game's copyrights expire can I use its sprites for my own game and claim copyrights?
Secondly, how do I *know* a game's copyrights have expired?
In my particular case I'm interested in [***this***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keroro_RPG:_Kishi_to_Musha_to_Densetsu_no_Kaizoku) game's sprites, the website is entirely in Japanese and due to their sole use of images with text, I cannot translate it. Can't seem to find any information regarding its copyright anywhere.
Thanks for your time. | 2015/10/31 | [
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/110583",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/users/74114/"
] | *Disclaimer: This is not a legal advice site. I am not a lawyer. For a definitive legal advice, hire one.*
>
> [...] in case a game's copyrights expire can I use its sprites for my own game and claim copyrights?
>
>
>
As far as I know, copyright laws around the world protect content for so long that any digital game that has ever been created is still protected.
If you think the copyrights have expired "because the company who made it was shut down", think again: the company's IPs have probably been transferred to another company, or a bank that seized their assets. Unless the company has explicitly stated that they give up copyright and made their assets available to public domain, you can't assume the copyright has expired.
Also you have to keep in mind something: even if the game copyrights have expired, if the characters are still used somewhere else, they are probably *trademarked*, which would still prevent you from using the sprites of the characters.
>
> Unlike copyrights, which do have dates of expiration, company trademarks are valid for as long as the company uses those trademarked items commercially. [[ref](http://mentalfloss.com/article/30946/why-isnt-mickey-mouse-public-domain)]
>
>
>
So it's not just a question of "copyright expiration".
>
> In my particular case I'm interested in this game's sprites [...]
>
>
>
In this case, even if the copyright has expired, since it's a Nintendo DS exclusive, I would guess that you still can't use the data, because it would imply that you use the software or the hardware in a way not authorized by the EULA.
>
> Secondly, how do I know a game's copyrights have expired?
>
>
>
You ask the last copyright holder :) Depending on the company, however, you'll probably have to hire a layer to ask them, because their legal departments won't waste their time with non-layers. (From a webinar with a game-industry lawyer, companies like EA will ask you "Are you a lawyer?" as their first question. The source for this is [here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=49u8B7Uw7qU&feature=player_detailpage#t=2874). The rest of the video is quite interesting.)
It does not cost you anything just to try and talk with them. Depending on the company (and *your* company) you could work a deal or something.
---
Now, this is assuming that the copyright holder has not released their material to public domain.
I guess that if they said "We're done with the franchise, here are the assets, do what you want with it, good luck and have fun", you probably could use the sprites. | This is no legal advice. However: Copyright expires about 70 years after the death of the author (exact time frame depends on your country, it goes up to 95 years). For any computer stuff that is unlikely to be the case anytime soon.
So... you won't find sprites where the copyright expired.
You may find sprites where the license allows usage. That can be that the completely free-to-use ones like public domain or WPL, or slightly more restrictive ones like some flavours of the creative commons one.
In any case: read the license terms carefully! No license terms mean NO PERMISSION whatsoever. You'll have to ask in those cases. And asking doesn't hurt either in the cases where a license is stated explicitly as well. Authors usually can license their stuff however they see fit - and the conditions may vary depending on who asks and for what purpose. |
110,583 | I've been looking around but couldn't really find anything conclusive.
First of all, as the title says, in case a game's copyrights expire can I use its sprites for my own game and claim copyrights?
Secondly, how do I *know* a game's copyrights have expired?
In my particular case I'm interested in [***this***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keroro_RPG:_Kishi_to_Musha_to_Densetsu_no_Kaizoku) game's sprites, the website is entirely in Japanese and due to their sole use of images with text, I cannot translate it. Can't seem to find any information regarding its copyright anywhere.
Thanks for your time. | 2015/10/31 | [
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/110583",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/users/74114/"
] | *Disclaimer: This is not a legal advice site. I am not a lawyer. For a definitive legal advice, hire one.*
>
> [...] in case a game's copyrights expire can I use its sprites for my own game and claim copyrights?
>
>
>
As far as I know, copyright laws around the world protect content for so long that any digital game that has ever been created is still protected.
If you think the copyrights have expired "because the company who made it was shut down", think again: the company's IPs have probably been transferred to another company, or a bank that seized their assets. Unless the company has explicitly stated that they give up copyright and made their assets available to public domain, you can't assume the copyright has expired.
Also you have to keep in mind something: even if the game copyrights have expired, if the characters are still used somewhere else, they are probably *trademarked*, which would still prevent you from using the sprites of the characters.
>
> Unlike copyrights, which do have dates of expiration, company trademarks are valid for as long as the company uses those trademarked items commercially. [[ref](http://mentalfloss.com/article/30946/why-isnt-mickey-mouse-public-domain)]
>
>
>
So it's not just a question of "copyright expiration".
>
> In my particular case I'm interested in this game's sprites [...]
>
>
>
In this case, even if the copyright has expired, since it's a Nintendo DS exclusive, I would guess that you still can't use the data, because it would imply that you use the software or the hardware in a way not authorized by the EULA.
>
> Secondly, how do I know a game's copyrights have expired?
>
>
>
You ask the last copyright holder :) Depending on the company, however, you'll probably have to hire a layer to ask them, because their legal departments won't waste their time with non-layers. (From a webinar with a game-industry lawyer, companies like EA will ask you "Are you a lawyer?" as their first question. The source for this is [here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=49u8B7Uw7qU&feature=player_detailpage#t=2874). The rest of the video is quite interesting.)
It does not cost you anything just to try and talk with them. Depending on the company (and *your* company) you could work a deal or something.
---
Now, this is assuming that the copyright holder has not released their material to public domain.
I guess that if they said "We're done with the franchise, here are the assets, do what you want with it, good luck and have fun", you probably could use the sprites. | The following is not legal advice. If you would like to verify the situation, you must speak with a lawyer who specializes in copyrights.
**Short answer:** Possibly yet not likely.
**Long answer:**
If a game is no longer under copyright, a person very well can use it how they want, ***HOWEVER*** Stories, characters, and the likeness of an individual can carry copyright for a far longer period of time than the original product.
The prime example everyone is Mickey Mouse. Mickey Mouse made an appearance in the early 1900's. After a great deal of time, Mickey was looking at hitting the public domain and out of copyright protection. Their lawyers had made a bill which was eventually made into law to extend copyright. There are however a few exceptions that can take this a step further.
Corporations are able to sue governments for unjustified laws that cause the corp to lose money without a justified reason. If a character belongs to a company, their more than likely going to fight tooth and nail to keep their character privately owned for financial reason, and to preserve their characters from being put in explicit or demeaning situations.
If you do end up using the character, and your game doesn't launch on a large scale, your possibly going to go under their radar if the company is still around. However if your game gets a decent level of success for the indie world, the company will likely want restitution. Try to stay original as people don't like knock offs, regardless of which country your in. |
110,583 | I've been looking around but couldn't really find anything conclusive.
First of all, as the title says, in case a game's copyrights expire can I use its sprites for my own game and claim copyrights?
Secondly, how do I *know* a game's copyrights have expired?
In my particular case I'm interested in [***this***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keroro_RPG:_Kishi_to_Musha_to_Densetsu_no_Kaizoku) game's sprites, the website is entirely in Japanese and due to their sole use of images with text, I cannot translate it. Can't seem to find any information regarding its copyright anywhere.
Thanks for your time. | 2015/10/31 | [
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/110583",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/users/74114/"
] | *Disclaimer: This is not a legal advice site. I am not a lawyer. For a definitive legal advice, hire one.*
>
> [...] in case a game's copyrights expire can I use its sprites for my own game and claim copyrights?
>
>
>
As far as I know, copyright laws around the world protect content for so long that any digital game that has ever been created is still protected.
If you think the copyrights have expired "because the company who made it was shut down", think again: the company's IPs have probably been transferred to another company, or a bank that seized their assets. Unless the company has explicitly stated that they give up copyright and made their assets available to public domain, you can't assume the copyright has expired.
Also you have to keep in mind something: even if the game copyrights have expired, if the characters are still used somewhere else, they are probably *trademarked*, which would still prevent you from using the sprites of the characters.
>
> Unlike copyrights, which do have dates of expiration, company trademarks are valid for as long as the company uses those trademarked items commercially. [[ref](http://mentalfloss.com/article/30946/why-isnt-mickey-mouse-public-domain)]
>
>
>
So it's not just a question of "copyright expiration".
>
> In my particular case I'm interested in this game's sprites [...]
>
>
>
In this case, even if the copyright has expired, since it's a Nintendo DS exclusive, I would guess that you still can't use the data, because it would imply that you use the software or the hardware in a way not authorized by the EULA.
>
> Secondly, how do I know a game's copyrights have expired?
>
>
>
You ask the last copyright holder :) Depending on the company, however, you'll probably have to hire a layer to ask them, because their legal departments won't waste their time with non-layers. (From a webinar with a game-industry lawyer, companies like EA will ask you "Are you a lawyer?" as their first question. The source for this is [here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=49u8B7Uw7qU&feature=player_detailpage#t=2874). The rest of the video is quite interesting.)
It does not cost you anything just to try and talk with them. Depending on the company (and *your* company) you could work a deal or something.
---
Now, this is assuming that the copyright holder has not released their material to public domain.
I guess that if they said "We're done with the franchise, here are the assets, do what you want with it, good luck and have fun", you probably could use the sprites. | Several points to keep in mind:
1. Copyright is awarded automatically these days. While some countries let you register for Copyright and many companies apply a Copyright notice, to make litigation easier, all it takes for something to be copyrighted is to make it. (unless you're in one of the countries that didn't sign the Copyright treaty, like Eritrea or Iran)
2. Copyright usually ends 70 years after the death of its author (in some countries, longer, for some very old stuff that was awarded Copyright retroactively, a bit shorter). If something's Copyright says a number higher than 1947, it's unlikely that its copyright has *expired* already.
3. If there is no note that says that something is free to use explicitly, it is Copyrighted. Theoretically, an author can also verbally tell you "sure, use this as you wish", but as they so facetiously say "a verbal contract isn't worth the paper it's written on." How would you prove in court that they ever said that, if they forget and sue you? How would you know what rights they assumed you'd be exercising?
4. Copyright explicitly includes creating derivative works of the copyrighted work. As such, you can not make works based on someone else's and just modify it and claim it as your own.
There are a limited number of circumstances where you can use copyrighted works you don't own: Some countries have "fair use" (mostly for press and quoting purposes), and there is also parody, but these are kind of hard to rely on, as each country defines their limits a bit differently. In any way, if you're making a game similar to an existing one, or a totally different game with the same graphics, chances are you aren't making a parody.
So in your particular case, it's pretty much impossible, as it's unlikely your game sprites are from a game that was made less than 10 years after the first computer was created.
NB - I am not a lawyer, this is not legal advice. |
24,626 | I have an app that connects pet owners with pet walkers based on a set of rules.
This unique set of rules and steps that leads to a connection is the algorithm that I need to patent in order to prevent some other app from stealing my idea.
How can I patent this algorithm?
Do I need to build the app first?
If this externally visible process (set of rules and steps) that lead to a connection is patented, does that mean that no one can make an app with this exact process?
What if they just modify the process a little bit? | 2022/04/13 | [
"https://patents.stackexchange.com/questions/24626",
"https://patents.stackexchange.com",
"https://patents.stackexchange.com/users/25690/"
] | *Often wisdom is found in the converse of the question as posed:* If a competitor simply randomly selects a match between pet-owners & pet-walkers, then that competitor likely has bypassed your patent, because you patented a specific process or a family of overtly-called-out variant processes that likely did not include random chance. Likewise, if a competitor devises a process that uses a different set of rules and a different set of steps (which might be your rules & steps drastically simplified, where the simplification itself is the big innovation), then likely that competitor did not infringe on your patent.
Your challenge is to draft enough variants of your process (steps & rules) to cover all substantial competitors, but doing so runs the risk of some of these being deemed obvious; only nonobviousness can be patented. Literally by seeing which claims were balked at by examiners when prosecuting your patent application at the USPTO, a competitor can see a variant of your process that the USPTO thinks is already in the public domain, hence your patent application could end up teaching a competitor an only-slightly inferior way of matching pet-owners with pet-walkers.
In your patent, you need to think less of how to establish a monopoly on **all** pet-walking applications as mere 1 super-hen setting on all the nests of the entire chicken coop (because that is precisely what USPTO examiners and the Federal Circuit court has an eagle-eye looking to prevent, hence all the precedent-case-law prohibitions on patenting mathematics & laws of nature & any process that can be done via pencil & paper manually). Rather you need to think of what makes that pet-walking business sizzle with either profitability (e.g., cost reduction) and/or marketing flair or preferably both. Your patent needs to carve **that** out as the monopoly, leaving all your competitors with drastically inferior businesses because you ruined their profitability for ~20 years and/or you ruined their key marketing pizzazz for ~20 years, leaving all competitors able to minimally/pathetically do pet-walker to pet-owner matching but with a very rinky-dink company that can be mediocre at best because you have a monopoly on the main prize of how to do it correctly.
Building the app first (even as a prototype) will teach you valuable lessons regarding obviousness and regarding where the big breakthrough innovation is. Also, to put it in terms of the USPTO examiners, you will prove to yourself that you actually are in possession of the invention (instead of having a grandiose broad-brush idea still with a then-a-miracle-occurs gaping hole in the middle).
**TL;DR:** Your goal isn't to make all competing pet-walking apps nonexistent; your goal is to make them so inferior that they are able to pick up only crumbs that fell to the floor while you feast on the meal on the main dining table. | Processes can be patented. The law is "any new and useful *process*, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof". A serious of steps is a process so call it a process, do not call it an algorithm. Algorithm has the flavor of something abstract and sets off alarm bells.
Also - there is nothing about external visibility that affects the patenting process. You may have business reasons for protecting some steps that are visible or are visible. *Invisible* steps can also be protected as trade secrets.
You can't patent an algorithm for converting a BCD value in a computer into a 2's compliment equivalent. It is abstract and doesn't do anything.
The courts have gotten to calling all kinds of things abstract and unpatenteable that were clearly patentable a few years ago. To get your invention through the system might be impossible, easy or only possible with skilled drafting.
If you get a patent, yes, it will allow you to try to use the courts to stop others from infringing on your granted claims - that is he whole point of a patent.
>
> What if they just modify it a little bit?
>
>
>
To infringe a patent claim one must do each and every step in the claim (or a very close functional equivalent); so you need to try to get a claim allowed on the steps that really make your solution superior and define those steps a broadly as possible while not being indefinite or overlapping prior art.
>
> Do I need to build the app first?
>
>
>
The patent office stopped requiring prototype models in the 1800's. A prototype is not needed for patentablity but a clear vision of how it works is needed.
For business reasons it might be advisable to prototype and beta test it with users to get feedback to improve it and maybe change the aspects you decide to patent. Beware that distributing it without an NDA from each user will break novelty. In the U.S. that gives you a year to file and in most of the rest of the world precludes you from ever filing. |
256,237 | >
> **Possible Duplicate:**
>
> [How can I beam my Wifi signal across the street?](https://superuser.com/questions/227056/how-can-i-beam-my-wifi-signal-across-the-street)
>
>
>
Is it possible to boost a wifi signal enough to be received from +/-500m away and through buildings/trees? | 2011/03/11 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/256237",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/71243/"
] | Ok, I know this has already been answered 3 times already, but I think this deserves a good summing up and clarification.
To boost the signal of your WiFi you basically have three options:
1: Wireless Repeater
--------------------
If you have access to points in between the source point and the target point you can use one, or a chain of, Wireless Repeaters. These connect to the existing wireless signal, much like a laptop does, but then they send out a new signal extending the range of the wireless coverage. These operate best when sited far enough away from the previous access point in the chain as possible whilst still having enough signal strength to prevent transmission errors.
2: High Gain Antenna
--------------------
Replacing the normal antenna on a WiFi device with a high gain one can massively increase the range of the signal. These are actually misleadingly named, as they do not increase the actual signal strength, but instead change the shape of the signal, squashing it flatter but longer.
The signal travels further at the cost of flexibility. It is far easier for a receiver to fall below the level of the signal .
3: Parabolic or Wave Guide Antenna
----------------------------------
These are a special type of antenna specifically for sending a signal from one point to another. Parabolic Antennae are basically satellite dishes, and work on the same principal. Wave Guides work by shaping the signal into a beam through the use of specifically designed and measured tubing. There have been many home projects involving making various types of wave guides out of such household objects as Pringles cans, and other metallic canisters. These have had some quite surprising results and fall broadly into 2 categories: Traditional Wave Guides (a pringles can and a short length of copper wire) and a Yagi Array (A can with a number of specially spaced metallic disks inside, or a TV Aerial style antenna).
Planning
--------
As with any wireless link to a remote site it is best to keep it separate from the wireless that covers the main site - simply because boosting the main site signal to encompass the remote site may cause the main site to have problems with the signal - and narrow the link signal down as much as possible. It also reduces your wireless footprint and reduce the chances of interference.
Attenuation
-----------
How far a signal can actually travel is dependant solely on the medium it has to travel through. As the WiFi (2.4GHz) signal is at, or around, one of the harmonics of the resonant frequency of the Hydrogen atom, anything with a high water content reduces the signal considerably. This is why your satellite signal goes screwy when there's to much cloud and rain. Trees contain a lot of water so they attenuate the signal a considerable amount. You may not think it, but buildings contain a considerable amount of water; not in its liquid form, but present in the concrete and cement and bound there as part of the chemical reaction that hardens it. | You will need a **WiFi Repeater**, this allows you to extend the range...
Whether this works for buildings depends on the size of their walls, you more likely want to set up a VPN.
>
> **What is a WiFi repeater?**
>
> A wireless repeater is a stand-alone unit that is positioned within range of a wireless router. Repeaters, which are also referred to as range expanders, serve as a two-way relay station for WiFi signals. Clients who are located far away from the original router can associate with the wireless LAN through the repeater.
>
>
> **How does a WiFi repeater work?**
>
> Simple really when we think about it. It just takes in the WiFi signal from a remote radio device and then blasts it out locally. However, there are a few problems with this. First of all, very often, radio devices fail to repeat if the make/models differ. Secondly, it is essential for the repeater to get a good, reliable and stable signal from the radio first device. And if this fails to happen, then it ends up repeating rubbish or even worse, just slows the system down with repeated resend messages.
>
>
> — <http://www.nccw.net/isp-resources/wifi/wifi-repeater.html>
>
>
>
If you can't place a Repeater, you will need a **better antenna or router** to boost the signal. |
256,237 | >
> **Possible Duplicate:**
>
> [How can I beam my Wifi signal across the street?](https://superuser.com/questions/227056/how-can-i-beam-my-wifi-signal-across-the-street)
>
>
>
Is it possible to boost a wifi signal enough to be received from +/-500m away and through buildings/trees? | 2011/03/11 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/256237",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/71243/"
] | Ok, I know this has already been answered 3 times already, but I think this deserves a good summing up and clarification.
To boost the signal of your WiFi you basically have three options:
1: Wireless Repeater
--------------------
If you have access to points in between the source point and the target point you can use one, or a chain of, Wireless Repeaters. These connect to the existing wireless signal, much like a laptop does, but then they send out a new signal extending the range of the wireless coverage. These operate best when sited far enough away from the previous access point in the chain as possible whilst still having enough signal strength to prevent transmission errors.
2: High Gain Antenna
--------------------
Replacing the normal antenna on a WiFi device with a high gain one can massively increase the range of the signal. These are actually misleadingly named, as they do not increase the actual signal strength, but instead change the shape of the signal, squashing it flatter but longer.
The signal travels further at the cost of flexibility. It is far easier for a receiver to fall below the level of the signal .
3: Parabolic or Wave Guide Antenna
----------------------------------
These are a special type of antenna specifically for sending a signal from one point to another. Parabolic Antennae are basically satellite dishes, and work on the same principal. Wave Guides work by shaping the signal into a beam through the use of specifically designed and measured tubing. There have been many home projects involving making various types of wave guides out of such household objects as Pringles cans, and other metallic canisters. These have had some quite surprising results and fall broadly into 2 categories: Traditional Wave Guides (a pringles can and a short length of copper wire) and a Yagi Array (A can with a number of specially spaced metallic disks inside, or a TV Aerial style antenna).
Planning
--------
As with any wireless link to a remote site it is best to keep it separate from the wireless that covers the main site - simply because boosting the main site signal to encompass the remote site may cause the main site to have problems with the signal - and narrow the link signal down as much as possible. It also reduces your wireless footprint and reduce the chances of interference.
Attenuation
-----------
How far a signal can actually travel is dependant solely on the medium it has to travel through. As the WiFi (2.4GHz) signal is at, or around, one of the harmonics of the resonant frequency of the Hydrogen atom, anything with a high water content reduces the signal considerably. This is why your satellite signal goes screwy when there's to much cloud and rain. Trees contain a lot of water so they attenuate the signal a considerable amount. You may not think it, but buildings contain a considerable amount of water; not in its liquid form, but present in the concrete and cement and bound there as part of the chemical reaction that hardens it. | You could try a parabolic booster [like this one](http://www.stinkyinkshop.co.uk/blog/2011/02/28/boost-your-wifi-signal-with-a-print-at-home-parabolic-antenna-booster/). I don't know if it would increase your range sufficiently, but it's nearly free and worth a try. |
256,237 | >
> **Possible Duplicate:**
>
> [How can I beam my Wifi signal across the street?](https://superuser.com/questions/227056/how-can-i-beam-my-wifi-signal-across-the-street)
>
>
>
Is it possible to boost a wifi signal enough to be received from +/-500m away and through buildings/trees? | 2011/03/11 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/256237",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/71243/"
] | Ok, I know this has already been answered 3 times already, but I think this deserves a good summing up and clarification.
To boost the signal of your WiFi you basically have three options:
1: Wireless Repeater
--------------------
If you have access to points in between the source point and the target point you can use one, or a chain of, Wireless Repeaters. These connect to the existing wireless signal, much like a laptop does, but then they send out a new signal extending the range of the wireless coverage. These operate best when sited far enough away from the previous access point in the chain as possible whilst still having enough signal strength to prevent transmission errors.
2: High Gain Antenna
--------------------
Replacing the normal antenna on a WiFi device with a high gain one can massively increase the range of the signal. These are actually misleadingly named, as they do not increase the actual signal strength, but instead change the shape of the signal, squashing it flatter but longer.
The signal travels further at the cost of flexibility. It is far easier for a receiver to fall below the level of the signal .
3: Parabolic or Wave Guide Antenna
----------------------------------
These are a special type of antenna specifically for sending a signal from one point to another. Parabolic Antennae are basically satellite dishes, and work on the same principal. Wave Guides work by shaping the signal into a beam through the use of specifically designed and measured tubing. There have been many home projects involving making various types of wave guides out of such household objects as Pringles cans, and other metallic canisters. These have had some quite surprising results and fall broadly into 2 categories: Traditional Wave Guides (a pringles can and a short length of copper wire) and a Yagi Array (A can with a number of specially spaced metallic disks inside, or a TV Aerial style antenna).
Planning
--------
As with any wireless link to a remote site it is best to keep it separate from the wireless that covers the main site - simply because boosting the main site signal to encompass the remote site may cause the main site to have problems with the signal - and narrow the link signal down as much as possible. It also reduces your wireless footprint and reduce the chances of interference.
Attenuation
-----------
How far a signal can actually travel is dependant solely on the medium it has to travel through. As the WiFi (2.4GHz) signal is at, or around, one of the harmonics of the resonant frequency of the Hydrogen atom, anything with a high water content reduces the signal considerably. This is why your satellite signal goes screwy when there's to much cloud and rain. Trees contain a lot of water so they attenuate the signal a considerable amount. You may not think it, but buildings contain a considerable amount of water; not in its liquid form, but present in the concrete and cement and bound there as part of the chemical reaction that hardens it. | From some testing, a standard 3db antenna such as is shipped with many access points, and a signal output strength of 100mW, I managed to consistently get over 1km line of sight. Using a directional antenna, such as a [Huber Suhner](http://www1.uk.shopping.com/rtx-huber-suhner-long-range-antenna/products) long range antenna can dramatically increase this.
That said, to get through trees is difficult - they really attenuate the signal, so a repeater is essential. |
20,555 | I am using NI Kontakt 5 sampler editor. And when I try to delete some unnecessary sounds, the program starts to act like it's working on the removal, but nothing happens.
This happens only with large files .wav above 30 MB
When editing small sound files everything works fine.
What can be wrong? | 2014/06/26 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/20555",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/7139/"
] | When using the Kontakt 5 in a trial or demo mode, there may be a limit on the size of files it will read. Check the link here, and investigate your setup, you may still be able to play the the larger files. There is mention of getting an additional activation Serial Number to use.
<http://help.timespace.com/home/what-are-kontakt-files-kontakt-libraries>
Hope this is of some help to you. ~catz | Well if you treat your original source recordings having unnecessary bits, then tough tetris.
Have you tried cropping first, and then getting rid of unnecessary bits? |
195,132 | I gave my MacBook to a service center that claims they are authorized apple service centre in Bangladesh (we don't have official apple inc in Bangladesh). They said they will reinstall Mac os Yosemite in my mid2012 MacBook which should solve my problem in the MacBook. After i received my MacBook back from the service center, i am noticing some lag and some tids and bits here and there which makes me feel like it's an altered version of Mac OS like those pirated BlackWndows installations. How do i confirm if they have given me untampered/unaltered mac os Yosemite or original Yosemite.
P.s. My "About This Mac" section doesn't even show which year-model my MacBook is whereas it did show the year-model properly before i sent it out to the service center. I feel that they have modified a lot of configuration files etc.
I want to challenge them if they are cheating like this and charging a lumpsome money for it? | 2015/07/09 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/195132",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/135541/"
] | You never did say what the problem with your MBP was that Yosemite would solve.
As for "altering" the OS, that makes no sense as it would be far easier to install malware since they are the ones who are doing the install. They, by default, have all the Administrator credentials they need to do whatever they want.
It's just too easy at that point and not worth the extra effort of modifying the OS.
Now, all that said, if you believe that your OS has been tampered with, ***assume that it has been.*** This will bug and haunt you until you address the problem fully. You can address this by installing a new version of the OS yourself:
* You can download a copy of Yosemite for free directly from Apple.
* Make a USB Key or DVD installer ([Macworld](http://www.macworld.com/article/2367748/how-to-make-a-bootable-os-x-10-10-yosemite-install-drive.html) has a great tutorial
for this)
* Use the new USB or DVD and reinstall Yosemite (format your drives,
don't upgrade)
* Put that DVD or USB Key away in a safe place.
As for your hardware, there is no way possible for anyone to determine if they did anything nefarious to it; like swap out good components for bad. The one exception is your serial number that's embedded in the firmware of the logic board. When you click "About This Mac" the Serial Number displayed should match the serial number on the bottom of the machine. I added pictures for your reference. Those numbers should match.
If they don't match, then you have something to go on. But they are going to say that this is how they got it. If you purchased directly from Apple, then you are going to need all the documentation you can get that identifies your SN#. This is going to be a tough hill to climb, unfortunately, if this is in fact, the case.
Now...what was the problem that you were initially experiencing? If it is still present, then you need to search for it here on Stackexchange and if it doesn't exist or no suitable answer exists, open up a new question. There are some super friendly and helpful people here. | If you just think they've done it to save money, then there would be no point in them doing it. Unlike Windows, you can freely download and install the official version of OS X on any Mac hardware, so it would be easier for them to do that than to give you a bogus version. And if you think they've done it to spy on you, then there are much worse things they could have done to your hardware, such as installing a keylogger. So if you trust the service centre not to spy on you then there's nothing to worry about, and if you don't then you need to scrap your MacBook and get a new one. Either way, you don't need to worry about its OS X installation. |
6,935 | Intentional Walk
----------------
I know that there have been times where a pitcher has thrown a ball over the plate enough for a hitter to get a hit, and even hit a home run in some cases. My question is more along the lines of:
If he throws one over the plate and in the strike zone, and the hitter does not swing, is it a strike?
Is there anything in the rule book saying that a catcher cannot deke the hitter by standing up and signaling for an intentional walk and then having the pitcher throw a strike?
---
This would be frowned upon as far as "unwritten rules" go, and someone would probably get hit by a pitch as a result. I haven't seen it happen, but it could be a strategy against a good hitter in a big game (ie- playoffs, world series, etc). | 2014/10/15 | [
"https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/6935",
"https://sports.stackexchange.com",
"https://sports.stackexchange.com/users/2157/"
] | Currently\*, there's nothing special about intentional base-on-balls in the [MLB rules](http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/downloads/y2014/official_baseball_rules.pdf), except for noting that catchers must stand in the catcher's box during them or a balk is called (4.03a,8.05j), and a few rules about official scoring. As such, yes, you could throw a pitch while the catcher is standing in the strike zone.
However, I don't see this being an effective ploy. IBBs are almost always done with no strikes on a batter, so it's unlikely a batter would fall for this with 2 strikes on him; and otherwise, you'd not be gaining all that much. On the other hand, with runners on base you have a substantial risk of a wild pitch/passed ball, because it's very hard to catch a 95mph fastball from a standing position that's thrown at the waist or below (and you'd want it fairly low or the batter might easily hit it).
---
\*This is current as of 2014; based on the changes being tested in the [Arizona Fall League](http://m.mlb.com/news/article/97180888/pace-of-game-initiatives-to-be-tested-at-arizona-fall-league) this may change in the future, if they choose to allow IBBs to be instantaneous. | The catcher stands where he does, for an intentional walk, to give the pitcher a big, fat, easy target so far out of the strike zone that a player could not lunge and hit it with the hope of decent contact without leaving the batter's box. This insures that the batter can't twart the intent of the intentional walk and get a hit, instead.
If the pitcher is sloppy and the batter can reach it, there's nothing that prevents the batter from taking a swing at it. Likewise, there's nothing that would stop the pitcher and/or catcher from changing their minds and throwing strikes. |
6,935 | Intentional Walk
----------------
I know that there have been times where a pitcher has thrown a ball over the plate enough for a hitter to get a hit, and even hit a home run in some cases. My question is more along the lines of:
If he throws one over the plate and in the strike zone, and the hitter does not swing, is it a strike?
Is there anything in the rule book saying that a catcher cannot deke the hitter by standing up and signaling for an intentional walk and then having the pitcher throw a strike?
---
This would be frowned upon as far as "unwritten rules" go, and someone would probably get hit by a pitch as a result. I haven't seen it happen, but it could be a strategy against a good hitter in a big game (ie- playoffs, world series, etc). | 2014/10/15 | [
"https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/6935",
"https://sports.stackexchange.com",
"https://sports.stackexchange.com/users/2157/"
] | Indeed, probably the best example of this is with Rollie Fingers of the A's striking out the Reds Johnny Bench in the 1972 World Series.
The situation that allowed it to work was a stolen base during the at-bat. While not common, the empty base made it plausible to walk Johnny even though he had a full count at the time.
[Game 3, 1972 World Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_World_Series#Game_3)
<http://hardballtalk.nbcsports.com/2011/02/10/rollie-fingers-johnny-bench-and-the-intentional-walk-that-wasnt/> | The catcher stands where he does, for an intentional walk, to give the pitcher a big, fat, easy target so far out of the strike zone that a player could not lunge and hit it with the hope of decent contact without leaving the batter's box. This insures that the batter can't twart the intent of the intentional walk and get a hit, instead.
If the pitcher is sloppy and the batter can reach it, there's nothing that prevents the batter from taking a swing at it. Likewise, there's nothing that would stop the pitcher and/or catcher from changing their minds and throwing strikes. |
375,052 | *Please read this older [answer](http://meta.stackoverflow.com/a/286970/1709587) by a SO moderator about another question, a widely visited community wiki*.
This post is [regarding this question](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51991705/json-vs-pickle-when-passing-data-between-processes) ([image here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/x3wDu.png))
This question was recently deleted (edit: currently it is locked due to the dispute) after being locked. I consider that questions should only be deleted (by someone that is not the owner) if they are completely inappropriate for the site, and they are useless.
In my opinion, this question should only be closed, not deleted. Downvoting and closing are already two very effective mechanisms that serve as a triage for good or bad questions. I understand that to delete a question the thing has to be blatant.
Even though in this case it is arguable whether the question is off-topic or not (on the one side, 'pros and cons' questions generally tend to be bad quality, but on the other hand, it is referring to a very specific issue of programming), there are several reasons why I consider that it should not be deleted:
1. The content of some of the answers is valuable and concise. It is useful for other people having the same question (which is a typical, specific dilemma in programming).
2. Users answering have invested time and effort providing a summarised, concise recollection of reasons supporting the features of each architectural option, raising interesting points that have research and reproducible examples.
3. Other users have engaged and helped with their comments polish the content of the answers.
4. Bad answers can be deleted or down-voted, and the question can be locked and put a notice mentioning the position of SO on whether it is recommendable to follow this post as an example for asking.
In summary, **even if closing it prevents bad content from appearing, deleting it disables people from accessing good content** (I am not boasting about my answer being great, I am generalizing). I think that deleting knowledge is never good. I believe that this step has to be taken after weighing whether it would do significantly more good than harm.
(Disclosure: besides from the reputation loss, which I confess I do not fancy, this is not the point I am trying to make).
I would like to receive an explanation on why despite all my points the question should be deleted. **Honestly I don't understand how it can be good deleting it**, I am certainly unhappy with it but I am not trying to complain. I don't expect a "because SO rules say so", but rather a "why SO rules say so".
**Edit**: the flag for the question being closed is:
>
> Many good questions generate some degree of opinion based on expert experience, but answers to this question will tend to be almost entirely based on opinions, rather than facts, references, or specific expertise.
>
>
>
The premise is the answers will be opinionated rather than based on facts and references, but in this case it does not hold to a considerable part of the content.
I consider appropriate enough this notice that is put when questions are locked:
>
> This question exists because it has historical significance, but it is not considered a good, on-topic question for this site, so please do not use it as evidence that you can ask similar questions here. This question and its answers are frozen and cannot be changed. More info: help center.
>
>
>
You can have several examples; one might be [this](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14994391/thinking-in-angularjs-if-i-have-a-jquery-background). As a user mentioned in the comments, if the answers are good, I would not consider the post as a whole to be noise. | 2018/10/07 | [
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/375052",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/-1/"
] | The guidance on the [delete questions privilege](https://stackoverflow.com/help/privileges/moderator-tools) is rather brief:
>
> Closed questions that are of no lasting value whatsoever should be flagged and deleted.
>
>
>
In my opinion, the question does have *some* value, and is not blatantly inappropriate/off-topic enough to be deleted solely based on the fact that it's not an appropriate question (it can provide insight to people looking into interprocess communication in Python, since one answer provides a brief overview)
Especially considering the answers, that should be considered when deleting a question, the question should have remained closed (to indicate it's not an appropriate question), but not deleted, so people may view the question and answers on it. | I'll go a step further than just advocating undeletion and say that I think - unlike most of the commenters on this Meta question - that there is nothing profoundly wrong with this question and it deserves reopening.
Having to make a choice between two standard serialisation formats for some data is a situation programmers regularly face - a ["practical, answerable problem that is unique to software development"](https://stackoverflow.com/help/on-topic) in the help center's lingo - and in *this particular case* the pros and cons are objective, few in number, and straightforward enough that they can be completely enumerated and explained in a few paragraphs. Asking for such an enumeration of pros and cons is neither "too broad", nor "primarily opinion-based".
The final paragraph, which currently asks *"If anyone has any alternative that is better, I would also like to know about it."*, does admittedly broaden the question considerably and take us into tool recommendation territory. The proper remedy to that, though, is surely to just delete that paragraph entirely and thereby narrow the question's scope to only that implied by the title. We don't need to resort to closure just to deal with a secondary question in the final paragraph.
I'm going to make precisely that paragraph-removing edit, and then vote to reopen. |
375,052 | *Please read this older [answer](http://meta.stackoverflow.com/a/286970/1709587) by a SO moderator about another question, a widely visited community wiki*.
This post is [regarding this question](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51991705/json-vs-pickle-when-passing-data-between-processes) ([image here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/x3wDu.png))
This question was recently deleted (edit: currently it is locked due to the dispute) after being locked. I consider that questions should only be deleted (by someone that is not the owner) if they are completely inappropriate for the site, and they are useless.
In my opinion, this question should only be closed, not deleted. Downvoting and closing are already two very effective mechanisms that serve as a triage for good or bad questions. I understand that to delete a question the thing has to be blatant.
Even though in this case it is arguable whether the question is off-topic or not (on the one side, 'pros and cons' questions generally tend to be bad quality, but on the other hand, it is referring to a very specific issue of programming), there are several reasons why I consider that it should not be deleted:
1. The content of some of the answers is valuable and concise. It is useful for other people having the same question (which is a typical, specific dilemma in programming).
2. Users answering have invested time and effort providing a summarised, concise recollection of reasons supporting the features of each architectural option, raising interesting points that have research and reproducible examples.
3. Other users have engaged and helped with their comments polish the content of the answers.
4. Bad answers can be deleted or down-voted, and the question can be locked and put a notice mentioning the position of SO on whether it is recommendable to follow this post as an example for asking.
In summary, **even if closing it prevents bad content from appearing, deleting it disables people from accessing good content** (I am not boasting about my answer being great, I am generalizing). I think that deleting knowledge is never good. I believe that this step has to be taken after weighing whether it would do significantly more good than harm.
(Disclosure: besides from the reputation loss, which I confess I do not fancy, this is not the point I am trying to make).
I would like to receive an explanation on why despite all my points the question should be deleted. **Honestly I don't understand how it can be good deleting it**, I am certainly unhappy with it but I am not trying to complain. I don't expect a "because SO rules say so", but rather a "why SO rules say so".
**Edit**: the flag for the question being closed is:
>
> Many good questions generate some degree of opinion based on expert experience, but answers to this question will tend to be almost entirely based on opinions, rather than facts, references, or specific expertise.
>
>
>
The premise is the answers will be opinionated rather than based on facts and references, but in this case it does not hold to a considerable part of the content.
I consider appropriate enough this notice that is put when questions are locked:
>
> This question exists because it has historical significance, but it is not considered a good, on-topic question for this site, so please do not use it as evidence that you can ask similar questions here. This question and its answers are frozen and cannot be changed. More info: help center.
>
>
>
You can have several examples; one might be [this](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14994391/thinking-in-angularjs-if-i-have-a-jquery-background). As a user mentioned in the comments, if the answers are good, I would not consider the post as a whole to be noise. | 2018/10/07 | [
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/375052",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/-1/"
] | The guidance on the [delete questions privilege](https://stackoverflow.com/help/privileges/moderator-tools) is rather brief:
>
> Closed questions that are of no lasting value whatsoever should be flagged and deleted.
>
>
>
In my opinion, the question does have *some* value, and is not blatantly inappropriate/off-topic enough to be deleted solely based on the fact that it's not an appropriate question (it can provide insight to people looking into interprocess communication in Python, since one answer provides a brief overview)
Especially considering the answers, that should be considered when deleting a question, the question should have remained closed (to indicate it's not an appropriate question), but not deleted, so people may view the question and answers on it. | There are two distinct (but related) concerns here:
1. Should this question and all its answers be deleted?
2. Should this question even be closed?
For simplicity, I'm going to try to address these in reverse order...
### Gorilla vs. Shark: when do "versus" questions need to be closed?
The identified problem with this question is that it demands opinions over facts, not because of any unfortunate wording choices but because of the fundamental needs its author seeks to address: choosing one option over another. This is an age-old dilemma:
* Coffee vs. Tea
* Nails vs. screws
* [Dogs vs. Bear](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear-baiting)
* Sunny-side-up vs. over-easy
* Alien vs. Predator
* Bacon vs. sausage
* [Old shoe vs. glass bottle](https://weblogs.asp.net/alex_papadimoulis/408925)
* Emacs vs. Vi
* [Gorilla vs. Shark](https://stackoverflow.blog/2011/08/16/gorilla-vs-shark/)
Ah... But those aren't all quite the same sorts of questions. While folks might pit bears against dogs (or aliens against predators, or gorillas against sharks) for their own twisted amusement, there are lots of scenarios where one might have the necessity of choosing between, say, fasteners or editors or even beverages.
**The keyword here is *necessity*.**
Most folks *don't* actually need someone else to choose their editor for them. Unless you're building an OS distribution and only have room for a single editor, in which case you probably *do* want to do more than just wing it.
Most folks are free to drink whatever they wish to. Unless they have a problematic allergy, in which case this question suddenly becomes a lot more necessary and a lot less subjective.
If you're building a bird house, screws and nails are more a matter of personal choice than anything; if you're building a house that has to comply with local building codes and come in under budget, you better not wing it.
This was the crux of [Jeff's blog post on the matter](https://stackoverflow.blog/2011/08/16/gorilla-vs-shark/):
>
> And most critically, give us context. Explain why you’re looking at this, and what you mean by “better” *[...]*
>
>
>
If there's no *need* - if this isn't [based on actual problems that you face](https://stackoverflow.com/help/dont-ask) - then you're just trying to stage a fight for your amusement. And if there *is* a need, then **that need takes center stage**.
Jeff lays out a whole four-point test for identifying problems with these questions, but I think we can make this a whole lot simpler:
**If you can rewrite the question to take the form *"What X should I use to accomplish Y in scenario Z?"* then it's not too opinion-based.**
...And also, you should probably rewrite the question.
Now, let's see if we can apply that to *this* question:
* **What's the scenario?**
>
> These two processes are launched by multiprocessing.Process. That data is usually of the sort of dictionaries, lists, and so (just like the data that JSON would allow).
>
>
>
*[...]*
>
> Processes are able to send each other strings or bytes.
>
>
>
* **What needs to be accomplished?**
>
> I have two processes in Python that need to communicate data.
>
>
>
* **What's the problem to be solved?**
>
> I have though about either using JSON strings and loading and dumping the data in each side, or doing the same with pickle.
>
>
>
Ok, that's a *little* awkward, but it's pretty clear we could rewrite this question:
>
> What serialization method should I use to pass data between two Python processes?
>
>
>
Ok, so the underlying needs of the author are fine; they could've asked this in a less controversial way and been fine (which is good, since lots of other people have *already* asked essentially this question).
Does that mean we should just rewrite the question? Hell no! At this point, that'd invalidate most of the answers, and we'd probably just end up with a duplicate anyway. But this does give us some useful questions to ask the asker:
* What sort of data will you need to pass?
* How much of it will you be working with?
The asker may not know the answers to these questions. But asking them - and trying to answer them in the question (or admitting that they're unknown) gives us more context, a better understanding of the core **need** here. Anyone can *guess* that JSON is going to be less flexible and less efficient; identifying where that is likely to become a problem makes for a useful answer and by extension a useful question.
When should a closed question be deleted?
-----------------------------------------
I'm gonna make this one simple: a closed question should be deleted **when there's no chance that it should ever be reopened.**
Some folks always get real sad when I say that, but... They really shouldn't. A closed question is like a rock sitting on top of a steep hill: it might roll one way, it might roll another, but it probably won't stay put forever; if you *really* don't want it to roll North, then you'd better push it South.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/4xdgm.png)
By the same token... If you *really* don't want a closed question to be deleted, then you'd better reopen it. A question becomes eligible for deletion pretty fast after being closed; don't suppose that you have years to sit around and think about it.
In closing
----------
The big issue here wasn't that the question got deleted. It's that it got closed. And that in the month *before* it got closed and the month *after* it got closed, no one tried to ask those questions and build up a more concrete context, no one tried to dispute the reason for closing, and **no one voted to reopen**. That big rock just sat there, waiting for someone to give it a little nudge... |
375,052 | *Please read this older [answer](http://meta.stackoverflow.com/a/286970/1709587) by a SO moderator about another question, a widely visited community wiki*.
This post is [regarding this question](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51991705/json-vs-pickle-when-passing-data-between-processes) ([image here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/x3wDu.png))
This question was recently deleted (edit: currently it is locked due to the dispute) after being locked. I consider that questions should only be deleted (by someone that is not the owner) if they are completely inappropriate for the site, and they are useless.
In my opinion, this question should only be closed, not deleted. Downvoting and closing are already two very effective mechanisms that serve as a triage for good or bad questions. I understand that to delete a question the thing has to be blatant.
Even though in this case it is arguable whether the question is off-topic or not (on the one side, 'pros and cons' questions generally tend to be bad quality, but on the other hand, it is referring to a very specific issue of programming), there are several reasons why I consider that it should not be deleted:
1. The content of some of the answers is valuable and concise. It is useful for other people having the same question (which is a typical, specific dilemma in programming).
2. Users answering have invested time and effort providing a summarised, concise recollection of reasons supporting the features of each architectural option, raising interesting points that have research and reproducible examples.
3. Other users have engaged and helped with their comments polish the content of the answers.
4. Bad answers can be deleted or down-voted, and the question can be locked and put a notice mentioning the position of SO on whether it is recommendable to follow this post as an example for asking.
In summary, **even if closing it prevents bad content from appearing, deleting it disables people from accessing good content** (I am not boasting about my answer being great, I am generalizing). I think that deleting knowledge is never good. I believe that this step has to be taken after weighing whether it would do significantly more good than harm.
(Disclosure: besides from the reputation loss, which I confess I do not fancy, this is not the point I am trying to make).
I would like to receive an explanation on why despite all my points the question should be deleted. **Honestly I don't understand how it can be good deleting it**, I am certainly unhappy with it but I am not trying to complain. I don't expect a "because SO rules say so", but rather a "why SO rules say so".
**Edit**: the flag for the question being closed is:
>
> Many good questions generate some degree of opinion based on expert experience, but answers to this question will tend to be almost entirely based on opinions, rather than facts, references, or specific expertise.
>
>
>
The premise is the answers will be opinionated rather than based on facts and references, but in this case it does not hold to a considerable part of the content.
I consider appropriate enough this notice that is put when questions are locked:
>
> This question exists because it has historical significance, but it is not considered a good, on-topic question for this site, so please do not use it as evidence that you can ask similar questions here. This question and its answers are frozen and cannot be changed. More info: help center.
>
>
>
You can have several examples; one might be [this](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14994391/thinking-in-angularjs-if-i-have-a-jquery-background). As a user mentioned in the comments, if the answers are good, I would not consider the post as a whole to be noise. | 2018/10/07 | [
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/375052",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/-1/"
] | There are two distinct (but related) concerns here:
1. Should this question and all its answers be deleted?
2. Should this question even be closed?
For simplicity, I'm going to try to address these in reverse order...
### Gorilla vs. Shark: when do "versus" questions need to be closed?
The identified problem with this question is that it demands opinions over facts, not because of any unfortunate wording choices but because of the fundamental needs its author seeks to address: choosing one option over another. This is an age-old dilemma:
* Coffee vs. Tea
* Nails vs. screws
* [Dogs vs. Bear](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear-baiting)
* Sunny-side-up vs. over-easy
* Alien vs. Predator
* Bacon vs. sausage
* [Old shoe vs. glass bottle](https://weblogs.asp.net/alex_papadimoulis/408925)
* Emacs vs. Vi
* [Gorilla vs. Shark](https://stackoverflow.blog/2011/08/16/gorilla-vs-shark/)
Ah... But those aren't all quite the same sorts of questions. While folks might pit bears against dogs (or aliens against predators, or gorillas against sharks) for their own twisted amusement, there are lots of scenarios where one might have the necessity of choosing between, say, fasteners or editors or even beverages.
**The keyword here is *necessity*.**
Most folks *don't* actually need someone else to choose their editor for them. Unless you're building an OS distribution and only have room for a single editor, in which case you probably *do* want to do more than just wing it.
Most folks are free to drink whatever they wish to. Unless they have a problematic allergy, in which case this question suddenly becomes a lot more necessary and a lot less subjective.
If you're building a bird house, screws and nails are more a matter of personal choice than anything; if you're building a house that has to comply with local building codes and come in under budget, you better not wing it.
This was the crux of [Jeff's blog post on the matter](https://stackoverflow.blog/2011/08/16/gorilla-vs-shark/):
>
> And most critically, give us context. Explain why you’re looking at this, and what you mean by “better” *[...]*
>
>
>
If there's no *need* - if this isn't [based on actual problems that you face](https://stackoverflow.com/help/dont-ask) - then you're just trying to stage a fight for your amusement. And if there *is* a need, then **that need takes center stage**.
Jeff lays out a whole four-point test for identifying problems with these questions, but I think we can make this a whole lot simpler:
**If you can rewrite the question to take the form *"What X should I use to accomplish Y in scenario Z?"* then it's not too opinion-based.**
...And also, you should probably rewrite the question.
Now, let's see if we can apply that to *this* question:
* **What's the scenario?**
>
> These two processes are launched by multiprocessing.Process. That data is usually of the sort of dictionaries, lists, and so (just like the data that JSON would allow).
>
>
>
*[...]*
>
> Processes are able to send each other strings or bytes.
>
>
>
* **What needs to be accomplished?**
>
> I have two processes in Python that need to communicate data.
>
>
>
* **What's the problem to be solved?**
>
> I have though about either using JSON strings and loading and dumping the data in each side, or doing the same with pickle.
>
>
>
Ok, that's a *little* awkward, but it's pretty clear we could rewrite this question:
>
> What serialization method should I use to pass data between two Python processes?
>
>
>
Ok, so the underlying needs of the author are fine; they could've asked this in a less controversial way and been fine (which is good, since lots of other people have *already* asked essentially this question).
Does that mean we should just rewrite the question? Hell no! At this point, that'd invalidate most of the answers, and we'd probably just end up with a duplicate anyway. But this does give us some useful questions to ask the asker:
* What sort of data will you need to pass?
* How much of it will you be working with?
The asker may not know the answers to these questions. But asking them - and trying to answer them in the question (or admitting that they're unknown) gives us more context, a better understanding of the core **need** here. Anyone can *guess* that JSON is going to be less flexible and less efficient; identifying where that is likely to become a problem makes for a useful answer and by extension a useful question.
When should a closed question be deleted?
-----------------------------------------
I'm gonna make this one simple: a closed question should be deleted **when there's no chance that it should ever be reopened.**
Some folks always get real sad when I say that, but... They really shouldn't. A closed question is like a rock sitting on top of a steep hill: it might roll one way, it might roll another, but it probably won't stay put forever; if you *really* don't want it to roll North, then you'd better push it South.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/4xdgm.png)
By the same token... If you *really* don't want a closed question to be deleted, then you'd better reopen it. A question becomes eligible for deletion pretty fast after being closed; don't suppose that you have years to sit around and think about it.
In closing
----------
The big issue here wasn't that the question got deleted. It's that it got closed. And that in the month *before* it got closed and the month *after* it got closed, no one tried to ask those questions and build up a more concrete context, no one tried to dispute the reason for closing, and **no one voted to reopen**. That big rock just sat there, waiting for someone to give it a little nudge... | I'll go a step further than just advocating undeletion and say that I think - unlike most of the commenters on this Meta question - that there is nothing profoundly wrong with this question and it deserves reopening.
Having to make a choice between two standard serialisation formats for some data is a situation programmers regularly face - a ["practical, answerable problem that is unique to software development"](https://stackoverflow.com/help/on-topic) in the help center's lingo - and in *this particular case* the pros and cons are objective, few in number, and straightforward enough that they can be completely enumerated and explained in a few paragraphs. Asking for such an enumeration of pros and cons is neither "too broad", nor "primarily opinion-based".
The final paragraph, which currently asks *"If anyone has any alternative that is better, I would also like to know about it."*, does admittedly broaden the question considerably and take us into tool recommendation territory. The proper remedy to that, though, is surely to just delete that paragraph entirely and thereby narrow the question's scope to only that implied by the title. We don't need to resort to closure just to deal with a secondary question in the final paragraph.
I'm going to make precisely that paragraph-removing edit, and then vote to reopen. |
121,875 | It’s obvious, really: “God” and “dog” are just two sides of the same coin. Literally any pantheon, deity, or divine force that’s ever existed - yep, they’re all dogs somewhere.
But why? What reason could the omnipotent creator of the universe have to take on the form of man’s best friend?
Vaguely plausible answers preferable. If you’re a being capable of literally anything conceivable, would you really want to be a dog?
(Huge thanks to @Tim B for [this question](https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/32086/santa-is-satan-but-why).) | 2018/08/17 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/121875",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/42174/"
] | A funny thing about being a deity is that it's not always obvious who is the head honcho. You can appear to have omipotent power to those little cute humans scurrying about, while still having to defer to the commander and chief.
So we humans see a bunch of deities that are all dogs. Funny. I wonder why all deities are dogs? I might even ask the question on Stack Exchange. But I have to see through. I have to see through to that clever conniving mastermind who lets all the dogs do their dirty work for them.
Yes. The real deity is a cat. The real deity is any cat, and all cats.
Specifically, [these cats](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0DrQ78CQaE). | The "creator" is dyslexic. As such: "god" and "dog" are identical.
Also, (s)he can judge how Man treats his "best friend". This helps approve/deny Satan's request for an expansion. |
163,987 | I've seen that mobs can be trapped within glass pane fairly easily, and would love to make a nice green house with a glass roof to let sunlight in during the day. But I can't seem to cajole my glass pane to take any shape other than the T-intersection shape that allows me and mobs to walk in through the roof.
Am I stuck using glass blocks, or is there a way to create the glass roof I desire? | 2014/04/12 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/163987",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/55285/"
] | You cannot, [glass panes](http://minecraft.gamepedia.com/Glass_Pane) are only vertical.
You're gonna have to use regular glass blocks unfortunately. | You need to use glass blocks. Sorry!
To keep mobs in just make 2-block high wall. |
163,987 | I've seen that mobs can be trapped within glass pane fairly easily, and would love to make a nice green house with a glass roof to let sunlight in during the day. But I can't seem to cajole my glass pane to take any shape other than the T-intersection shape that allows me and mobs to walk in through the roof.
Am I stuck using glass blocks, or is there a way to create the glass roof I desire? | 2014/04/12 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/163987",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/55285/"
] | You cannot, [glass panes](http://minecraft.gamepedia.com/Glass_Pane) are only vertical.
You're gonna have to use regular glass blocks unfortunately. | Well if you have microblock instaled you can make glass covers, they look almost exactly the same. You can place them anyway you want |
163,987 | I've seen that mobs can be trapped within glass pane fairly easily, and would love to make a nice green house with a glass roof to let sunlight in during the day. But I can't seem to cajole my glass pane to take any shape other than the T-intersection shape that allows me and mobs to walk in through the roof.
Am I stuck using glass blocks, or is there a way to create the glass roof I desire? | 2014/04/12 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/163987",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/55285/"
] | You cannot, [glass panes](http://minecraft.gamepedia.com/Glass_Pane) are only vertical.
You're gonna have to use regular glass blocks unfortunately. | Unfortunately as the other answers say, this isn't possible in vanilla Minecraft. But you can install a mod to achieve this.
[Horizontal Glass Pane mod](https://minecraft.curseforge.com/projects/horizontal-glass-panes) |
163,987 | I've seen that mobs can be trapped within glass pane fairly easily, and would love to make a nice green house with a glass roof to let sunlight in during the day. But I can't seem to cajole my glass pane to take any shape other than the T-intersection shape that allows me and mobs to walk in through the roof.
Am I stuck using glass blocks, or is there a way to create the glass roof I desire? | 2014/04/12 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/163987",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/55285/"
] | You cannot, [glass panes](http://minecraft.gamepedia.com/Glass_Pane) are only vertical.
You're gonna have to use regular glass blocks unfortunately. | You can use this fabric mod **<https://www.curseforge.com/minecraft/mc-mods/horizontal-glass-panes>** it is fabric mod it uses fabric API, and there is a forge version **<https://www.curseforge.com/minecraft/mc-mods/horizontal-panes-forge>** |
163,987 | I've seen that mobs can be trapped within glass pane fairly easily, and would love to make a nice green house with a glass roof to let sunlight in during the day. But I can't seem to cajole my glass pane to take any shape other than the T-intersection shape that allows me and mobs to walk in through the roof.
Am I stuck using glass blocks, or is there a way to create the glass roof I desire? | 2014/04/12 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/163987",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/55285/"
] | You need to use glass blocks. Sorry!
To keep mobs in just make 2-block high wall. | Well if you have microblock instaled you can make glass covers, they look almost exactly the same. You can place them anyway you want |
163,987 | I've seen that mobs can be trapped within glass pane fairly easily, and would love to make a nice green house with a glass roof to let sunlight in during the day. But I can't seem to cajole my glass pane to take any shape other than the T-intersection shape that allows me and mobs to walk in through the roof.
Am I stuck using glass blocks, or is there a way to create the glass roof I desire? | 2014/04/12 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/163987",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/55285/"
] | You need to use glass blocks. Sorry!
To keep mobs in just make 2-block high wall. | You can use this fabric mod **<https://www.curseforge.com/minecraft/mc-mods/horizontal-glass-panes>** it is fabric mod it uses fabric API, and there is a forge version **<https://www.curseforge.com/minecraft/mc-mods/horizontal-panes-forge>** |
163,987 | I've seen that mobs can be trapped within glass pane fairly easily, and would love to make a nice green house with a glass roof to let sunlight in during the day. But I can't seem to cajole my glass pane to take any shape other than the T-intersection shape that allows me and mobs to walk in through the roof.
Am I stuck using glass blocks, or is there a way to create the glass roof I desire? | 2014/04/12 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/163987",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/55285/"
] | Unfortunately as the other answers say, this isn't possible in vanilla Minecraft. But you can install a mod to achieve this.
[Horizontal Glass Pane mod](https://minecraft.curseforge.com/projects/horizontal-glass-panes) | Well if you have microblock instaled you can make glass covers, they look almost exactly the same. You can place them anyway you want |
163,987 | I've seen that mobs can be trapped within glass pane fairly easily, and would love to make a nice green house with a glass roof to let sunlight in during the day. But I can't seem to cajole my glass pane to take any shape other than the T-intersection shape that allows me and mobs to walk in through the roof.
Am I stuck using glass blocks, or is there a way to create the glass roof I desire? | 2014/04/12 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/163987",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/55285/"
] | Unfortunately as the other answers say, this isn't possible in vanilla Minecraft. But you can install a mod to achieve this.
[Horizontal Glass Pane mod](https://minecraft.curseforge.com/projects/horizontal-glass-panes) | You can use this fabric mod **<https://www.curseforge.com/minecraft/mc-mods/horizontal-glass-panes>** it is fabric mod it uses fabric API, and there is a forge version **<https://www.curseforge.com/minecraft/mc-mods/horizontal-panes-forge>** |
286,004 | I have a very puzzling problem I just can not figure out.
I have AT&T DSL, a package that supports "up to" 5mbps download speed. Using bandwidth tests online, I've typically seen about 4500kbps download speeds.
The majority of websites I visit come up quickly. I can stream Netflix and watch Youtube no problem. On the rare occasion that I've fired up Bittorrent, my downloads have been reasonably quick.
However, roughly one third of websites that I visit are *EXTREMELY* slow when visited on my PC. I'm talking 3-4 *MINUTES* to display a page, sometimes 10 minutes to download a 500KB file. Sometimes connections are apparently dropped/aborted, but not closed. Leading to file downloads or half loaded pages that are "loading" but never make any progress until I hit "stop" and try again. This problem include several banking sites like www.americanexpress.com and www.ingdirect.com, but not some other HTTPS sites like gmail or Amazon. Also extremely slow most of the time are www.teefury.com and www.gamepro.com, and some others I can't think of right now. The remaining 2/3rds of the internet loads at a decent speed.
However, every now and then, I'd say less than 10% of the time, those sites work at normal speed too. It's rare though, and it always comes in "phases". If a site is fast now, it will still be fast in 5 minutes. But I haven't been able to find any pattern in the times that it works properly.
This is a recent problem. For months after I set my computer up I had no issue. But this problem started maybe 6-8 weeks ago and has continued ever since.
I figured, it's got to be something wrong with my internet connection, right? But here's the weird thing - I can visit those exact same sites using my iPod Touch, connected to the same wifi access point and using the same password and settings, and the iPod has no problem loading them quickly. And yes, I made sure to visit the desktop versions of the sites, not the mobile versions. The problem seems to be specific to my PC.
**Why is my PC loading only certain sites slowly (most of the time)?**
Things I've already tried:
* Rebooting
* Examining my IP setup in windows for any obvious issues
* Updating the drivers for my network card
* Updating the firmware on my router
* Examining my router's setup for issues
* Scanning for spyware/malware. I didn't find any, and my computer is blazing fast and issue-free for absolutely everything except this one issue. I can cold-boot in like 10 seconds.
* Changing my DNS. I'm using OpenDNS right now, but I tried reverting back to my ISP's DNS servers for several days to see if that would help. It didn't.
* Clearing my browser cache
* Clearing my DNS cache
* Using a different browser. I normally browse in Chrome, but I tried Firefox to see if that would help. It didn't.
Vital stats:
OS: Windows 7 Professional 64-bit SP1
Network card: ENCORE ENUWI-N4 USB 2.0 Wireless Mini Adapter
PC: Intel Core i5, 4GB ram and a 120GB SSD system drive.
Software: Nothing unusual. Not running any special firewalls or security software, just what's built into Windows. Actually, it's a pretty lightweight setup since this is still a recently-bult computer.
Router: Linksys WRT54G, running Tomato firmware v1.28
Wifi network: 802.11g, Secured with WPA2 using very strong (and very long) password. Not shared with anyone.
I have no idea what else to do here. Any ideas?
**Edit with additional test**:
I have just found an old laptop I had, connected it to the wifi, and tried to load the same sites I was viewing on my PC side-by-side at the same time. A statement PDF from www.americanexpress.com downloaded in about 3 seconds on the laptop, whereas it took more than 2 minutes on the desktop. Again, they were using the same internet connection. | 2011/05/20 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/286004",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/11259/"
] | Turns out it was the drivers for the network card. Even though I'd installed the correct drivers and verified them, and they worked for a while, every time Windows update ran it would download install incorrect drivers that it thought were "better". Because they mostly worked I didn't notice the problem right away. I didn't notice the issue in Device Manager either when I went to verify and update my drivers manually, because the mis-identified device looks similar to the correct one.
I uninstalled the incorrect drivers and the problem went away, but Windows keeps trying to download the incorrect drivers whenever it updates, and the "correct" drivers have some oddities on Windows 7 anyway, so eventually I just bought a new network adapter. This solved the problem permanently. | Check your browser's proxy settings.
Something may have turned those on to use a bogus proxy. Some malware infections do that as part of the infection.
Have you installed any toolbars lately?
Make sure you remove any proxy settings that you find and restart the browser. |
286,004 | I have a very puzzling problem I just can not figure out.
I have AT&T DSL, a package that supports "up to" 5mbps download speed. Using bandwidth tests online, I've typically seen about 4500kbps download speeds.
The majority of websites I visit come up quickly. I can stream Netflix and watch Youtube no problem. On the rare occasion that I've fired up Bittorrent, my downloads have been reasonably quick.
However, roughly one third of websites that I visit are *EXTREMELY* slow when visited on my PC. I'm talking 3-4 *MINUTES* to display a page, sometimes 10 minutes to download a 500KB file. Sometimes connections are apparently dropped/aborted, but not closed. Leading to file downloads or half loaded pages that are "loading" but never make any progress until I hit "stop" and try again. This problem include several banking sites like www.americanexpress.com and www.ingdirect.com, but not some other HTTPS sites like gmail or Amazon. Also extremely slow most of the time are www.teefury.com and www.gamepro.com, and some others I can't think of right now. The remaining 2/3rds of the internet loads at a decent speed.
However, every now and then, I'd say less than 10% of the time, those sites work at normal speed too. It's rare though, and it always comes in "phases". If a site is fast now, it will still be fast in 5 minutes. But I haven't been able to find any pattern in the times that it works properly.
This is a recent problem. For months after I set my computer up I had no issue. But this problem started maybe 6-8 weeks ago and has continued ever since.
I figured, it's got to be something wrong with my internet connection, right? But here's the weird thing - I can visit those exact same sites using my iPod Touch, connected to the same wifi access point and using the same password and settings, and the iPod has no problem loading them quickly. And yes, I made sure to visit the desktop versions of the sites, not the mobile versions. The problem seems to be specific to my PC.
**Why is my PC loading only certain sites slowly (most of the time)?**
Things I've already tried:
* Rebooting
* Examining my IP setup in windows for any obvious issues
* Updating the drivers for my network card
* Updating the firmware on my router
* Examining my router's setup for issues
* Scanning for spyware/malware. I didn't find any, and my computer is blazing fast and issue-free for absolutely everything except this one issue. I can cold-boot in like 10 seconds.
* Changing my DNS. I'm using OpenDNS right now, but I tried reverting back to my ISP's DNS servers for several days to see if that would help. It didn't.
* Clearing my browser cache
* Clearing my DNS cache
* Using a different browser. I normally browse in Chrome, but I tried Firefox to see if that would help. It didn't.
Vital stats:
OS: Windows 7 Professional 64-bit SP1
Network card: ENCORE ENUWI-N4 USB 2.0 Wireless Mini Adapter
PC: Intel Core i5, 4GB ram and a 120GB SSD system drive.
Software: Nothing unusual. Not running any special firewalls or security software, just what's built into Windows. Actually, it's a pretty lightweight setup since this is still a recently-bult computer.
Router: Linksys WRT54G, running Tomato firmware v1.28
Wifi network: 802.11g, Secured with WPA2 using very strong (and very long) password. Not shared with anyone.
I have no idea what else to do here. Any ideas?
**Edit with additional test**:
I have just found an old laptop I had, connected it to the wifi, and tried to load the same sites I was viewing on my PC side-by-side at the same time. A statement PDF from www.americanexpress.com downloaded in about 3 seconds on the laptop, whereas it took more than 2 minutes on the desktop. Again, they were using the same internet connection. | 2011/05/20 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/286004",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/11259/"
] | Turns out it was the drivers for the network card. Even though I'd installed the correct drivers and verified them, and they worked for a while, every time Windows update ran it would download install incorrect drivers that it thought were "better". Because they mostly worked I didn't notice the problem right away. I didn't notice the issue in Device Manager either when I went to verify and update my drivers manually, because the mis-identified device looks similar to the correct one.
I uninstalled the incorrect drivers and the problem went away, but Windows keeps trying to download the incorrect drivers whenever it updates, and the "correct" drivers have some oddities on Windows 7 anyway, so eventually I just bought a new network adapter. This solved the problem permanently. | What anti-virus are you using? Some AV software is very particular about certain JavaScript and addons (like Flash).
Ask yourself: what type of sites slow down for you? Are those "web 2.0" type of files? Maybe those are sites with many ads (in which case an ad-blocking software may be involved)? Are those sites that run on HTTPS (which can mean changing a browser setting might solve the issue)? |
45,820 | Well, I have been having [computer problems](https://superuser.com/questions/1095464/my-audio-and-video-drivers-are-not-working-planning-on-factory-reset-is-this-t?noredirect=1#comment1553551_1095464) and I decided that now is as good a time as ever to continue to waste my time developing my reptilian, honor-obsessed militaristic race of lizards for a planned [Stellaris](http://www.stellarisgame.com/) AAR.
Here is a description of them for the first draft of my planned four part preluide series:
<-- Drash Karr Basic Information -->
Overview:
The Drash Karr are a warrior race hailing from the moon Karr orbiting the Gas Giant named Bid' Jossk in the Dec' Haran System, though their people are actually divided into many different castes. Their name literally translates into English "The Children of Karr". Each caste accomplishes a very specific task, though the broader castes are divided into many smaller sub-castes. For example, the Warrior Caste is divided into the Grunt caste, the Mecha caste, and the Naval caste. Each of those is further subdivided until every specific niche required to keep an army functioning is filled.
Planet:
Bid' Jossk actually orbits towards the inner edge of the habitable zone of its star, and some would argue that it is actually too close to its star to support life, however the rapid orbit of the moon combined with its rotation means that a day is only six hours, half in the light, half in the dark. The surface is primarily composed of desert, mesas, and mountains, though there are a dozen or so small seas. The depressions surrounding the seas and the heavy cloud cover on the northern hemisphere combined with fossilized aquatic animals indicate that at one time, many millions of years ago, a much larger percentage of the surface was covered in water. Perhaps the moons' parent planet once had a more favorable orbit, but moved in closer to its star, but this would have been long before the Drash Karr had even started to evolve.
Culture:
Drash Karr culture stresses The Challenge, or the challenges one will face throughout his or her life. The Challenge is different for each caste as well as each individual Drash Karr, basically providing that for one to do ones' best in all things would bring both the individual and the greater whole more honor.
This is an amazing system because it blends perfectly a sense of individualism by encouraging one to strive to achieve ever greater amounts of honor and acclaim while maximizing the sense of being part of a greater whole for each individual. They defend their home worlds with wild ferocity, and will not suffer foreign overlords defiling their homes. Aside from this one quirk, they are actually extremely tolerant for an interstellar empire, allowing conquered races, no matter how primitive they were before, to rise through the ranks and attain great glory and respect in their society, even to the point of the most trusted, honorable, and talented Xenos to command their great fleets and armies.
Females, unlike in many human cultures, are treated with the utmost reverence and respect, as they bring life to the entirety of the Drash Karr and are physically completely equal to males.
Warriors prefer single-combat and will tear a scale from their body, usually the back, and pin it to their armor upon defeating a foe in single combat. While the Drash Karr are willing and able to use more advanced weaponry such as the feared Orbital Drop Mechas and Tanks, or even basic projectile weapons, they prefer to close the distance to an enemy and use either their short or long swords to duel.
Religion:
The Drash Karr have no single religion, per se, but throughout the many millennia of recorded Drash Karr history they have worshiped many gods. Even now, they follow their Protector, and treat him or her with near god-like reverence and respect. Before they followed the Protector, nearly all Drash Karr worshiped their homeworld of Karr as a god.
Biology:
The Drash Karr are a large, bipedal species. They are covered in strong scales of varying color. These scales, when combined with the bulletproof silk suits worn under their heavy metal armor, can stop projectile weapons from causing any real harm. Their only known physical vulnerabilities are their eye and mouth openings as their metallic helmets open up to allow them to breathe and see.
Their home planet is covered in mesas and large open deserts with the occasional mountain, and their scales turn pure white when their bodies begin to overheat.
Their mouth is divided into three mandibles. They used to serve the purpose of hunting back when the Drash Karr were primitive animals, but since then have served little purpose other than to inspire terror in their enemies (and quite effectively at that, considering that they are covered in hundreds of small incisors. The Drash Karr possess specialized organs in their stomachs to grind up meat into a digestible form.
Members of the Drash Karr species communicate with each other using special organs in their throats that can produce more complex sounds than a human can. As a result, the first languages of the Drash Karr were a complex combination of sounds. In the end, as the Drash Karr created and adopted a simpler language as their interstellar Empire expanded and incorporated more and more races.
When their bodies begin to overheat, their scales turn a shade of white to deflect the sun and their scales open up to allow the wind to cool their skin off. They do sweat to some degree under their scales
Breeding:
Drash Karr breed in much the same way as most other species. After sexual intercourse, the two Drash Karr are bound to each other for life by unique chemical and physical reactions to the sensations. The female will then lay anywhere from 10 to 20 eggs that develop into Drash Karr infants in two Earth-years. Only half of the eggs will hatch, however, and rarely does more than 1 survive their first five great cycles of training and schooling.
Size:
The Drash Karr can easily reach heights in excess of 7 feet, and some have been known to reach up to ten feet. Their bodies are somewhat aerodynamically designed in form to help them reach maximum speed. Their average strength is double that of the average human, but can in rare cases be triple. Unfortunately, the societal selection process used by the Drash Karr, many years of hard training, that has caused their race to develop such strength, has a high fatality rate and when combined with the low hatching rate of the Drash Karr eggs. In most cases, only 1 or 2 Drash Karr children survive the training, the strongest, fastest, and smartest of their species. This low survival rate is offset by the fact that Drash Karr women can have up to two broods of eggs a year, one in the celestial spring and the other in celestial fall, meaning 1-2 new children per year.
Conquest Policy:
First Contact Protocol was dictated by the actions of Protector Oberon, the War-Chief that united his homeworld and brought the Drash' Karr Empire onto the interstellar stage. From his personal journals;
"In the event of contact with an alien race, overwhelming force must be used to ensure the security of our species. The aliens will be given the chance to prepare for the coming battles equivalent to 1 great cycle. After the grace period expires, our entire fleet will mobilize to meet the enemy. Any encroachment in our space during this time will immediately end the grace period. Our armies will be brought to their worlds to do battle in their cities while our fleets engage in space."
"Every attempt to meet them on equal ground must be made. To seek a decisive technological advantage in combat would bring dishonor to the Drash' Karr Empire and would be a punishable offense. Punishment will be left to the discretion of the reigning Protector."
"The one exception to this rule, however, is if the security and survival of the state as a whole is in danger. In the event of contact with a race that desires our destruction, appropriate force will be applied. All technological innovations will be leveraged."
Time:
Time is measured in Great Cycles, Cycles, hours, and minutes. Minutes and hours are roughly measured in the same way they are on Earth. A "Cycle" is the time it takes the moon of Karr, their homeworld, to orbit its parent planet. A Great Cycle is the time it takes its parent planet to orbit its Star. Its parent star itself is a [Type F Star](http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/stars/startypes.shtml), shining with a blue color.
Technology:
Technology has steadily progressed, and the Drash Karr are very capable of designing terrifying weapons of mass destruction, but have agreed across the board that such an action would be horrendously dishonorable and any nation that attempted to do that was easily swatted down and destroyed by the combined military might of the rest of Karr.
<--End Description-->
I am looking for inconsistencies as well as any and all input on the verisimilitude(is that a word?) of my scenario. I am planning on asking some more questions, such as where the habitable zone for such a star would begin, where it would end, as well as designing the warbeasts the Drash Karr will ride into battle on, but those are questions for another day.
Karr's parent gas giant, Bid'Jossk, is slightly larger in both circumference and mass than Saturn.
**EDIT**
To clarify, I am looking for cultural and biological quirks that I might not have noticed, as I am not too confident in my ability to be accurate and not overly extravagant. | 2016/06/30 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/45820",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/6799/"
] | **Biological realism:**
1. You need a reason why half the eggs don't hatch. Disease? Inbreeding? Terrible childcare (egg-care) methods? Some other factor? For instance, some species of marine turtle have quite a lot of smaller than average eggs which don't hatch. The theory is that these eggs are not really eggs at all - they are 'spacers' to help keep pockets of air open in the buried clutch of eggs.
2. You say that very few offspring make it through training. This means that the major form of infant and childhood mortality is *self-inflicted*. Given that this species (or its ancestors) will also suffer from diseases, attacks by predators, starvation during famines, murder, bad luck and accidents, it looks like their 'honour training' is designed to drive them to extinction.
3. You describe them as reptiles, but there is nothing much (apart from scales and laying eggs) that strikes me as a reptilian physiology. Are they really ectotherms (cold-blooded)? If so, they'll be struggling to cope with winter or temperate climates on planets like Earth. There are sound physiological reasons why big reptiles like alligators & Komodo dragons don't inhabit chilly places like New Zealand, Norway or the north of the USA. (Little reptiles tend to hibernate). If they are really mammals-with-scales, then ignore this.
4. Childcare and education. I'm including this in biology because civilised, technological species who have a squillion kids is a real bugbear of mine. The bigger your litter/clutch of kids, the more of your population you have to dedicate to educating them. Human women have 1 kid at a time, and with a ratio of 1 primary school teacher to 25 kids in the classroom, that means 1 teacher for every 25 women who had a kid in 2016. Your Drash Karr women lay 20 eggs and 10 hatch. So our example class of 25 kids are the offspring of only 2.5 women. You therefore need 1 teacher per 2.5 women if you want to teach those kids to read! And they are only the first clutch of 2016! So it is really 2 teachers per 2.5 women. Given that there is no such thing as 0.5 of a woman (!), let's round up the numbers... 20 teachers per 25 women. So in a village of 50 adults (half male, half female), 40% of your population will be dedicated to **educating this year's offspring!**
Data added: [this government website](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/number-of-schools-teachers-and-students-in-england) states that in England there are 8.2 million kids (including nursery schools, state schools and private schools) and 438000 teachers (state schools only). That's a ratio of 1 teacher to 19 kids. So it will be a bit less that this when the nursery and private school teachers are factored in.
**Cultural realism:**
5. Wars are often (mostly?) won by the folks with the technological advantage. In fact I'm betting a whole lot of technological innovations were created in the first place to improve the chance of winning. You can invent the bow and arrow for hunting animals, but the only reason to invent the cannon is to destroy the fortifications and manpower of the enemy.
6. Honour is not a cross-cultural standard. Someone has picked something and labelled it 'honorable' or 'dishonorable' or neutral. If a nobleman insults another nobleman? You have an honorable duel. If a peasant insults a nobleman? Off with his head! Because murdering peasants is not 'dishonorable'. So to make these guys interesting, you'll need to find some honour quirks which are unique to them and aren't just a Hollywood version of chivalry or samurai or 'noble savages'. | From a narrative perspective they’re not very entertaining, fiction is all about conflict and when you have a race of Mary Sue super-soldiers it’s hard to create a credible threat for them and without a credible threat stories about them won’t be dramatic or inspiring. However an insistence on honour to the point of absurdity helps, a story about them fighting a good clean fight against some utterly alien and eminently practical race would be inspiring, that is of course assuming things aren’t working out well for them.
Once you’ve established that the borg/zerg/whatever are clearly going to win and struck that point home over and over THEN you can write a great story about them making a comeback from the brink of defeat. Perhaps their insistence on honour encouraged other races to ally with them, perhaps the enemy forces lost momentum, their willingness to fight waned, and your Drash Karr fought them back through sheer persistence.
Or maybe they’re completely defeated and driven from their homeworld, forced to become nomadic mercenaries or pirates just to survive, a people with such an honour focused culture placed in such a dishonourable position creates a rich backdrop for interpersonal conflict and personal uncertainty.
In terms of realism your guess is as good as mine. |
45,820 | Well, I have been having [computer problems](https://superuser.com/questions/1095464/my-audio-and-video-drivers-are-not-working-planning-on-factory-reset-is-this-t?noredirect=1#comment1553551_1095464) and I decided that now is as good a time as ever to continue to waste my time developing my reptilian, honor-obsessed militaristic race of lizards for a planned [Stellaris](http://www.stellarisgame.com/) AAR.
Here is a description of them for the first draft of my planned four part preluide series:
<-- Drash Karr Basic Information -->
Overview:
The Drash Karr are a warrior race hailing from the moon Karr orbiting the Gas Giant named Bid' Jossk in the Dec' Haran System, though their people are actually divided into many different castes. Their name literally translates into English "The Children of Karr". Each caste accomplishes a very specific task, though the broader castes are divided into many smaller sub-castes. For example, the Warrior Caste is divided into the Grunt caste, the Mecha caste, and the Naval caste. Each of those is further subdivided until every specific niche required to keep an army functioning is filled.
Planet:
Bid' Jossk actually orbits towards the inner edge of the habitable zone of its star, and some would argue that it is actually too close to its star to support life, however the rapid orbit of the moon combined with its rotation means that a day is only six hours, half in the light, half in the dark. The surface is primarily composed of desert, mesas, and mountains, though there are a dozen or so small seas. The depressions surrounding the seas and the heavy cloud cover on the northern hemisphere combined with fossilized aquatic animals indicate that at one time, many millions of years ago, a much larger percentage of the surface was covered in water. Perhaps the moons' parent planet once had a more favorable orbit, but moved in closer to its star, but this would have been long before the Drash Karr had even started to evolve.
Culture:
Drash Karr culture stresses The Challenge, or the challenges one will face throughout his or her life. The Challenge is different for each caste as well as each individual Drash Karr, basically providing that for one to do ones' best in all things would bring both the individual and the greater whole more honor.
This is an amazing system because it blends perfectly a sense of individualism by encouraging one to strive to achieve ever greater amounts of honor and acclaim while maximizing the sense of being part of a greater whole for each individual. They defend their home worlds with wild ferocity, and will not suffer foreign overlords defiling their homes. Aside from this one quirk, they are actually extremely tolerant for an interstellar empire, allowing conquered races, no matter how primitive they were before, to rise through the ranks and attain great glory and respect in their society, even to the point of the most trusted, honorable, and talented Xenos to command their great fleets and armies.
Females, unlike in many human cultures, are treated with the utmost reverence and respect, as they bring life to the entirety of the Drash Karr and are physically completely equal to males.
Warriors prefer single-combat and will tear a scale from their body, usually the back, and pin it to their armor upon defeating a foe in single combat. While the Drash Karr are willing and able to use more advanced weaponry such as the feared Orbital Drop Mechas and Tanks, or even basic projectile weapons, they prefer to close the distance to an enemy and use either their short or long swords to duel.
Religion:
The Drash Karr have no single religion, per se, but throughout the many millennia of recorded Drash Karr history they have worshiped many gods. Even now, they follow their Protector, and treat him or her with near god-like reverence and respect. Before they followed the Protector, nearly all Drash Karr worshiped their homeworld of Karr as a god.
Biology:
The Drash Karr are a large, bipedal species. They are covered in strong scales of varying color. These scales, when combined with the bulletproof silk suits worn under their heavy metal armor, can stop projectile weapons from causing any real harm. Their only known physical vulnerabilities are their eye and mouth openings as their metallic helmets open up to allow them to breathe and see.
Their home planet is covered in mesas and large open deserts with the occasional mountain, and their scales turn pure white when their bodies begin to overheat.
Their mouth is divided into three mandibles. They used to serve the purpose of hunting back when the Drash Karr were primitive animals, but since then have served little purpose other than to inspire terror in their enemies (and quite effectively at that, considering that they are covered in hundreds of small incisors. The Drash Karr possess specialized organs in their stomachs to grind up meat into a digestible form.
Members of the Drash Karr species communicate with each other using special organs in their throats that can produce more complex sounds than a human can. As a result, the first languages of the Drash Karr were a complex combination of sounds. In the end, as the Drash Karr created and adopted a simpler language as their interstellar Empire expanded and incorporated more and more races.
When their bodies begin to overheat, their scales turn a shade of white to deflect the sun and their scales open up to allow the wind to cool their skin off. They do sweat to some degree under their scales
Breeding:
Drash Karr breed in much the same way as most other species. After sexual intercourse, the two Drash Karr are bound to each other for life by unique chemical and physical reactions to the sensations. The female will then lay anywhere from 10 to 20 eggs that develop into Drash Karr infants in two Earth-years. Only half of the eggs will hatch, however, and rarely does more than 1 survive their first five great cycles of training and schooling.
Size:
The Drash Karr can easily reach heights in excess of 7 feet, and some have been known to reach up to ten feet. Their bodies are somewhat aerodynamically designed in form to help them reach maximum speed. Their average strength is double that of the average human, but can in rare cases be triple. Unfortunately, the societal selection process used by the Drash Karr, many years of hard training, that has caused their race to develop such strength, has a high fatality rate and when combined with the low hatching rate of the Drash Karr eggs. In most cases, only 1 or 2 Drash Karr children survive the training, the strongest, fastest, and smartest of their species. This low survival rate is offset by the fact that Drash Karr women can have up to two broods of eggs a year, one in the celestial spring and the other in celestial fall, meaning 1-2 new children per year.
Conquest Policy:
First Contact Protocol was dictated by the actions of Protector Oberon, the War-Chief that united his homeworld and brought the Drash' Karr Empire onto the interstellar stage. From his personal journals;
"In the event of contact with an alien race, overwhelming force must be used to ensure the security of our species. The aliens will be given the chance to prepare for the coming battles equivalent to 1 great cycle. After the grace period expires, our entire fleet will mobilize to meet the enemy. Any encroachment in our space during this time will immediately end the grace period. Our armies will be brought to their worlds to do battle in their cities while our fleets engage in space."
"Every attempt to meet them on equal ground must be made. To seek a decisive technological advantage in combat would bring dishonor to the Drash' Karr Empire and would be a punishable offense. Punishment will be left to the discretion of the reigning Protector."
"The one exception to this rule, however, is if the security and survival of the state as a whole is in danger. In the event of contact with a race that desires our destruction, appropriate force will be applied. All technological innovations will be leveraged."
Time:
Time is measured in Great Cycles, Cycles, hours, and minutes. Minutes and hours are roughly measured in the same way they are on Earth. A "Cycle" is the time it takes the moon of Karr, their homeworld, to orbit its parent planet. A Great Cycle is the time it takes its parent planet to orbit its Star. Its parent star itself is a [Type F Star](http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/stars/startypes.shtml), shining with a blue color.
Technology:
Technology has steadily progressed, and the Drash Karr are very capable of designing terrifying weapons of mass destruction, but have agreed across the board that such an action would be horrendously dishonorable and any nation that attempted to do that was easily swatted down and destroyed by the combined military might of the rest of Karr.
<--End Description-->
I am looking for inconsistencies as well as any and all input on the verisimilitude(is that a word?) of my scenario. I am planning on asking some more questions, such as where the habitable zone for such a star would begin, where it would end, as well as designing the warbeasts the Drash Karr will ride into battle on, but those are questions for another day.
Karr's parent gas giant, Bid'Jossk, is slightly larger in both circumference and mass than Saturn.
**EDIT**
To clarify, I am looking for cultural and biological quirks that I might not have noticed, as I am not too confident in my ability to be accurate and not overly extravagant. | 2016/06/30 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/45820",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/6799/"
] | From a narrative perspective they’re not very entertaining, fiction is all about conflict and when you have a race of Mary Sue super-soldiers it’s hard to create a credible threat for them and without a credible threat stories about them won’t be dramatic or inspiring. However an insistence on honour to the point of absurdity helps, a story about them fighting a good clean fight against some utterly alien and eminently practical race would be inspiring, that is of course assuming things aren’t working out well for them.
Once you’ve established that the borg/zerg/whatever are clearly going to win and struck that point home over and over THEN you can write a great story about them making a comeback from the brink of defeat. Perhaps their insistence on honour encouraged other races to ally with them, perhaps the enemy forces lost momentum, their willingness to fight waned, and your Drash Karr fought them back through sheer persistence.
Or maybe they’re completely defeated and driven from their homeworld, forced to become nomadic mercenaries or pirates just to survive, a people with such an honour focused culture placed in such a dishonourable position creates a rich backdrop for interpersonal conflict and personal uncertainty.
In terms of realism your guess is as good as mine. | You mention Xenos rising in this culture - do the Xenos have to buy in 100% to the honour system? If there are interpretations of "honourable" that can justify, for example, killing children, what happens when a Xeno uses such a justification?
The Turks had the Janissary army (essentially a Death Squad of unmarried Xenos trained from early childhood to be super-soldiers), but they accomplished this feat by kidnapping male children from their subject nations at a young age, and raising them as Muslims. These foreign-born Janissaries could rise to be the Supreme Ruler, but they had no knowledge of, or contact with, their original family and culture.
If Xenos are allowed to retain their own culture and also participate in the Karr culture, you probably should give thought as to how the resulting cultural conflicts are resolved. |
45,820 | Well, I have been having [computer problems](https://superuser.com/questions/1095464/my-audio-and-video-drivers-are-not-working-planning-on-factory-reset-is-this-t?noredirect=1#comment1553551_1095464) and I decided that now is as good a time as ever to continue to waste my time developing my reptilian, honor-obsessed militaristic race of lizards for a planned [Stellaris](http://www.stellarisgame.com/) AAR.
Here is a description of them for the first draft of my planned four part preluide series:
<-- Drash Karr Basic Information -->
Overview:
The Drash Karr are a warrior race hailing from the moon Karr orbiting the Gas Giant named Bid' Jossk in the Dec' Haran System, though their people are actually divided into many different castes. Their name literally translates into English "The Children of Karr". Each caste accomplishes a very specific task, though the broader castes are divided into many smaller sub-castes. For example, the Warrior Caste is divided into the Grunt caste, the Mecha caste, and the Naval caste. Each of those is further subdivided until every specific niche required to keep an army functioning is filled.
Planet:
Bid' Jossk actually orbits towards the inner edge of the habitable zone of its star, and some would argue that it is actually too close to its star to support life, however the rapid orbit of the moon combined with its rotation means that a day is only six hours, half in the light, half in the dark. The surface is primarily composed of desert, mesas, and mountains, though there are a dozen or so small seas. The depressions surrounding the seas and the heavy cloud cover on the northern hemisphere combined with fossilized aquatic animals indicate that at one time, many millions of years ago, a much larger percentage of the surface was covered in water. Perhaps the moons' parent planet once had a more favorable orbit, but moved in closer to its star, but this would have been long before the Drash Karr had even started to evolve.
Culture:
Drash Karr culture stresses The Challenge, or the challenges one will face throughout his or her life. The Challenge is different for each caste as well as each individual Drash Karr, basically providing that for one to do ones' best in all things would bring both the individual and the greater whole more honor.
This is an amazing system because it blends perfectly a sense of individualism by encouraging one to strive to achieve ever greater amounts of honor and acclaim while maximizing the sense of being part of a greater whole for each individual. They defend their home worlds with wild ferocity, and will not suffer foreign overlords defiling their homes. Aside from this one quirk, they are actually extremely tolerant for an interstellar empire, allowing conquered races, no matter how primitive they were before, to rise through the ranks and attain great glory and respect in their society, even to the point of the most trusted, honorable, and talented Xenos to command their great fleets and armies.
Females, unlike in many human cultures, are treated with the utmost reverence and respect, as they bring life to the entirety of the Drash Karr and are physically completely equal to males.
Warriors prefer single-combat and will tear a scale from their body, usually the back, and pin it to their armor upon defeating a foe in single combat. While the Drash Karr are willing and able to use more advanced weaponry such as the feared Orbital Drop Mechas and Tanks, or even basic projectile weapons, they prefer to close the distance to an enemy and use either their short or long swords to duel.
Religion:
The Drash Karr have no single religion, per se, but throughout the many millennia of recorded Drash Karr history they have worshiped many gods. Even now, they follow their Protector, and treat him or her with near god-like reverence and respect. Before they followed the Protector, nearly all Drash Karr worshiped their homeworld of Karr as a god.
Biology:
The Drash Karr are a large, bipedal species. They are covered in strong scales of varying color. These scales, when combined with the bulletproof silk suits worn under their heavy metal armor, can stop projectile weapons from causing any real harm. Their only known physical vulnerabilities are their eye and mouth openings as their metallic helmets open up to allow them to breathe and see.
Their home planet is covered in mesas and large open deserts with the occasional mountain, and their scales turn pure white when their bodies begin to overheat.
Their mouth is divided into three mandibles. They used to serve the purpose of hunting back when the Drash Karr were primitive animals, but since then have served little purpose other than to inspire terror in their enemies (and quite effectively at that, considering that they are covered in hundreds of small incisors. The Drash Karr possess specialized organs in their stomachs to grind up meat into a digestible form.
Members of the Drash Karr species communicate with each other using special organs in their throats that can produce more complex sounds than a human can. As a result, the first languages of the Drash Karr were a complex combination of sounds. In the end, as the Drash Karr created and adopted a simpler language as their interstellar Empire expanded and incorporated more and more races.
When their bodies begin to overheat, their scales turn a shade of white to deflect the sun and their scales open up to allow the wind to cool their skin off. They do sweat to some degree under their scales
Breeding:
Drash Karr breed in much the same way as most other species. After sexual intercourse, the two Drash Karr are bound to each other for life by unique chemical and physical reactions to the sensations. The female will then lay anywhere from 10 to 20 eggs that develop into Drash Karr infants in two Earth-years. Only half of the eggs will hatch, however, and rarely does more than 1 survive their first five great cycles of training and schooling.
Size:
The Drash Karr can easily reach heights in excess of 7 feet, and some have been known to reach up to ten feet. Their bodies are somewhat aerodynamically designed in form to help them reach maximum speed. Their average strength is double that of the average human, but can in rare cases be triple. Unfortunately, the societal selection process used by the Drash Karr, many years of hard training, that has caused their race to develop such strength, has a high fatality rate and when combined with the low hatching rate of the Drash Karr eggs. In most cases, only 1 or 2 Drash Karr children survive the training, the strongest, fastest, and smartest of their species. This low survival rate is offset by the fact that Drash Karr women can have up to two broods of eggs a year, one in the celestial spring and the other in celestial fall, meaning 1-2 new children per year.
Conquest Policy:
First Contact Protocol was dictated by the actions of Protector Oberon, the War-Chief that united his homeworld and brought the Drash' Karr Empire onto the interstellar stage. From his personal journals;
"In the event of contact with an alien race, overwhelming force must be used to ensure the security of our species. The aliens will be given the chance to prepare for the coming battles equivalent to 1 great cycle. After the grace period expires, our entire fleet will mobilize to meet the enemy. Any encroachment in our space during this time will immediately end the grace period. Our armies will be brought to their worlds to do battle in their cities while our fleets engage in space."
"Every attempt to meet them on equal ground must be made. To seek a decisive technological advantage in combat would bring dishonor to the Drash' Karr Empire and would be a punishable offense. Punishment will be left to the discretion of the reigning Protector."
"The one exception to this rule, however, is if the security and survival of the state as a whole is in danger. In the event of contact with a race that desires our destruction, appropriate force will be applied. All technological innovations will be leveraged."
Time:
Time is measured in Great Cycles, Cycles, hours, and minutes. Minutes and hours are roughly measured in the same way they are on Earth. A "Cycle" is the time it takes the moon of Karr, their homeworld, to orbit its parent planet. A Great Cycle is the time it takes its parent planet to orbit its Star. Its parent star itself is a [Type F Star](http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/stars/startypes.shtml), shining with a blue color.
Technology:
Technology has steadily progressed, and the Drash Karr are very capable of designing terrifying weapons of mass destruction, but have agreed across the board that such an action would be horrendously dishonorable and any nation that attempted to do that was easily swatted down and destroyed by the combined military might of the rest of Karr.
<--End Description-->
I am looking for inconsistencies as well as any and all input on the verisimilitude(is that a word?) of my scenario. I am planning on asking some more questions, such as where the habitable zone for such a star would begin, where it would end, as well as designing the warbeasts the Drash Karr will ride into battle on, but those are questions for another day.
Karr's parent gas giant, Bid'Jossk, is slightly larger in both circumference and mass than Saturn.
**EDIT**
To clarify, I am looking for cultural and biological quirks that I might not have noticed, as I am not too confident in my ability to be accurate and not overly extravagant. | 2016/06/30 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/45820",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/6799/"
] | From a narrative perspective they’re not very entertaining, fiction is all about conflict and when you have a race of Mary Sue super-soldiers it’s hard to create a credible threat for them and without a credible threat stories about them won’t be dramatic or inspiring. However an insistence on honour to the point of absurdity helps, a story about them fighting a good clean fight against some utterly alien and eminently practical race would be inspiring, that is of course assuming things aren’t working out well for them.
Once you’ve established that the borg/zerg/whatever are clearly going to win and struck that point home over and over THEN you can write a great story about them making a comeback from the brink of defeat. Perhaps their insistence on honour encouraged other races to ally with them, perhaps the enemy forces lost momentum, their willingness to fight waned, and your Drash Karr fought them back through sheer persistence.
Or maybe they’re completely defeated and driven from their homeworld, forced to become nomadic mercenaries or pirates just to survive, a people with such an honour focused culture placed in such a dishonourable position creates a rich backdrop for interpersonal conflict and personal uncertainty.
In terms of realism your guess is as good as mine. | Any attempt at an honorable stellar-age war is ridiculous, unless your species is remarkably quick to adapt, or you assume that only planets with similar climates to your homeworld are capable of sustaining any form of life. If humans were to attempt honorable warfare on Venus, the economic burden would be huge. Space suits, that would not be dissolved by or melted by the atmosphere for everyone. Besides that, these suits would add considerable bulk and weight - making use of cover, and running from cover to cover would become ridiculously difficult, and any breach of the suit would mean death. The same goes for Karr on a moderate-to-cold climate planet. The native species could easily seek refuge in cold mountains and maintain an exhausting guerrilla war for ages. An example of a species that has a chance at an honorable war on any planet is... Zerg.
That being said, I think the whole First Contact Protocol and Technological section is way off for a species, that is reptilian (ectothermic) and has a huge disadvantage against moderate to cold climate planets, has an educational system based on natural selection and survival of the fittest. It would make more sense, if they reserved the honor system against one another, but used WMD and terraforming (also a WMD, as huge, global-scale climate change, and more than likely, also the complete change of the composition of the atmosphere is likely to annihilate most of the life on the planet that is being terraformed) against other species with little to no regard.
Such a brutal, care-free "wreck everyone else" technological and First Contact Protocol policy would work more favorably for war beasts as well.
Also for their armor, more specifically - their helmets, they could reduce their vulnerabilities further, by leaving openings only for their eyes, and breathe through gaps left between their scales and the helmet, that lead to the openings for their eyes. Fogging up would not be an issue because there are no lenses. This vulnerability could be sealed up if you use some sort of bullet-proof lenses (some crystal structure commonly found on their planet), and just route the breathing canals to a different part of the helmets.
But as @Cognisant noted in his answer, you're creating massive, unkillable super-soldiers. The problem with that, is that it becomes difficult to find a viable threat. You're basically running yourself into a predictable outcome - the only way they can be defeated, is if the enemy defeats them in space, before they are forced to fight face-to-face, or the enemy has superior terraforming technology, and just "terraform-nukes" their inhabbitted planets, forcing them into a life of living on spaceships, with ridiculously limited resources and sustainability, until they go extinct. |
45,820 | Well, I have been having [computer problems](https://superuser.com/questions/1095464/my-audio-and-video-drivers-are-not-working-planning-on-factory-reset-is-this-t?noredirect=1#comment1553551_1095464) and I decided that now is as good a time as ever to continue to waste my time developing my reptilian, honor-obsessed militaristic race of lizards for a planned [Stellaris](http://www.stellarisgame.com/) AAR.
Here is a description of them for the first draft of my planned four part preluide series:
<-- Drash Karr Basic Information -->
Overview:
The Drash Karr are a warrior race hailing from the moon Karr orbiting the Gas Giant named Bid' Jossk in the Dec' Haran System, though their people are actually divided into many different castes. Their name literally translates into English "The Children of Karr". Each caste accomplishes a very specific task, though the broader castes are divided into many smaller sub-castes. For example, the Warrior Caste is divided into the Grunt caste, the Mecha caste, and the Naval caste. Each of those is further subdivided until every specific niche required to keep an army functioning is filled.
Planet:
Bid' Jossk actually orbits towards the inner edge of the habitable zone of its star, and some would argue that it is actually too close to its star to support life, however the rapid orbit of the moon combined with its rotation means that a day is only six hours, half in the light, half in the dark. The surface is primarily composed of desert, mesas, and mountains, though there are a dozen or so small seas. The depressions surrounding the seas and the heavy cloud cover on the northern hemisphere combined with fossilized aquatic animals indicate that at one time, many millions of years ago, a much larger percentage of the surface was covered in water. Perhaps the moons' parent planet once had a more favorable orbit, but moved in closer to its star, but this would have been long before the Drash Karr had even started to evolve.
Culture:
Drash Karr culture stresses The Challenge, or the challenges one will face throughout his or her life. The Challenge is different for each caste as well as each individual Drash Karr, basically providing that for one to do ones' best in all things would bring both the individual and the greater whole more honor.
This is an amazing system because it blends perfectly a sense of individualism by encouraging one to strive to achieve ever greater amounts of honor and acclaim while maximizing the sense of being part of a greater whole for each individual. They defend their home worlds with wild ferocity, and will not suffer foreign overlords defiling their homes. Aside from this one quirk, they are actually extremely tolerant for an interstellar empire, allowing conquered races, no matter how primitive they were before, to rise through the ranks and attain great glory and respect in their society, even to the point of the most trusted, honorable, and talented Xenos to command their great fleets and armies.
Females, unlike in many human cultures, are treated with the utmost reverence and respect, as they bring life to the entirety of the Drash Karr and are physically completely equal to males.
Warriors prefer single-combat and will tear a scale from their body, usually the back, and pin it to their armor upon defeating a foe in single combat. While the Drash Karr are willing and able to use more advanced weaponry such as the feared Orbital Drop Mechas and Tanks, or even basic projectile weapons, they prefer to close the distance to an enemy and use either their short or long swords to duel.
Religion:
The Drash Karr have no single religion, per se, but throughout the many millennia of recorded Drash Karr history they have worshiped many gods. Even now, they follow their Protector, and treat him or her with near god-like reverence and respect. Before they followed the Protector, nearly all Drash Karr worshiped their homeworld of Karr as a god.
Biology:
The Drash Karr are a large, bipedal species. They are covered in strong scales of varying color. These scales, when combined with the bulletproof silk suits worn under their heavy metal armor, can stop projectile weapons from causing any real harm. Their only known physical vulnerabilities are their eye and mouth openings as their metallic helmets open up to allow them to breathe and see.
Their home planet is covered in mesas and large open deserts with the occasional mountain, and their scales turn pure white when their bodies begin to overheat.
Their mouth is divided into three mandibles. They used to serve the purpose of hunting back when the Drash Karr were primitive animals, but since then have served little purpose other than to inspire terror in their enemies (and quite effectively at that, considering that they are covered in hundreds of small incisors. The Drash Karr possess specialized organs in their stomachs to grind up meat into a digestible form.
Members of the Drash Karr species communicate with each other using special organs in their throats that can produce more complex sounds than a human can. As a result, the first languages of the Drash Karr were a complex combination of sounds. In the end, as the Drash Karr created and adopted a simpler language as their interstellar Empire expanded and incorporated more and more races.
When their bodies begin to overheat, their scales turn a shade of white to deflect the sun and their scales open up to allow the wind to cool their skin off. They do sweat to some degree under their scales
Breeding:
Drash Karr breed in much the same way as most other species. After sexual intercourse, the two Drash Karr are bound to each other for life by unique chemical and physical reactions to the sensations. The female will then lay anywhere from 10 to 20 eggs that develop into Drash Karr infants in two Earth-years. Only half of the eggs will hatch, however, and rarely does more than 1 survive their first five great cycles of training and schooling.
Size:
The Drash Karr can easily reach heights in excess of 7 feet, and some have been known to reach up to ten feet. Their bodies are somewhat aerodynamically designed in form to help them reach maximum speed. Their average strength is double that of the average human, but can in rare cases be triple. Unfortunately, the societal selection process used by the Drash Karr, many years of hard training, that has caused their race to develop such strength, has a high fatality rate and when combined with the low hatching rate of the Drash Karr eggs. In most cases, only 1 or 2 Drash Karr children survive the training, the strongest, fastest, and smartest of their species. This low survival rate is offset by the fact that Drash Karr women can have up to two broods of eggs a year, one in the celestial spring and the other in celestial fall, meaning 1-2 new children per year.
Conquest Policy:
First Contact Protocol was dictated by the actions of Protector Oberon, the War-Chief that united his homeworld and brought the Drash' Karr Empire onto the interstellar stage. From his personal journals;
"In the event of contact with an alien race, overwhelming force must be used to ensure the security of our species. The aliens will be given the chance to prepare for the coming battles equivalent to 1 great cycle. After the grace period expires, our entire fleet will mobilize to meet the enemy. Any encroachment in our space during this time will immediately end the grace period. Our armies will be brought to their worlds to do battle in their cities while our fleets engage in space."
"Every attempt to meet them on equal ground must be made. To seek a decisive technological advantage in combat would bring dishonor to the Drash' Karr Empire and would be a punishable offense. Punishment will be left to the discretion of the reigning Protector."
"The one exception to this rule, however, is if the security and survival of the state as a whole is in danger. In the event of contact with a race that desires our destruction, appropriate force will be applied. All technological innovations will be leveraged."
Time:
Time is measured in Great Cycles, Cycles, hours, and minutes. Minutes and hours are roughly measured in the same way they are on Earth. A "Cycle" is the time it takes the moon of Karr, their homeworld, to orbit its parent planet. A Great Cycle is the time it takes its parent planet to orbit its Star. Its parent star itself is a [Type F Star](http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/stars/startypes.shtml), shining with a blue color.
Technology:
Technology has steadily progressed, and the Drash Karr are very capable of designing terrifying weapons of mass destruction, but have agreed across the board that such an action would be horrendously dishonorable and any nation that attempted to do that was easily swatted down and destroyed by the combined military might of the rest of Karr.
<--End Description-->
I am looking for inconsistencies as well as any and all input on the verisimilitude(is that a word?) of my scenario. I am planning on asking some more questions, such as where the habitable zone for such a star would begin, where it would end, as well as designing the warbeasts the Drash Karr will ride into battle on, but those are questions for another day.
Karr's parent gas giant, Bid'Jossk, is slightly larger in both circumference and mass than Saturn.
**EDIT**
To clarify, I am looking for cultural and biological quirks that I might not have noticed, as I am not too confident in my ability to be accurate and not overly extravagant. | 2016/06/30 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/45820",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/6799/"
] | **Biological realism:**
1. You need a reason why half the eggs don't hatch. Disease? Inbreeding? Terrible childcare (egg-care) methods? Some other factor? For instance, some species of marine turtle have quite a lot of smaller than average eggs which don't hatch. The theory is that these eggs are not really eggs at all - they are 'spacers' to help keep pockets of air open in the buried clutch of eggs.
2. You say that very few offspring make it through training. This means that the major form of infant and childhood mortality is *self-inflicted*. Given that this species (or its ancestors) will also suffer from diseases, attacks by predators, starvation during famines, murder, bad luck and accidents, it looks like their 'honour training' is designed to drive them to extinction.
3. You describe them as reptiles, but there is nothing much (apart from scales and laying eggs) that strikes me as a reptilian physiology. Are they really ectotherms (cold-blooded)? If so, they'll be struggling to cope with winter or temperate climates on planets like Earth. There are sound physiological reasons why big reptiles like alligators & Komodo dragons don't inhabit chilly places like New Zealand, Norway or the north of the USA. (Little reptiles tend to hibernate). If they are really mammals-with-scales, then ignore this.
4. Childcare and education. I'm including this in biology because civilised, technological species who have a squillion kids is a real bugbear of mine. The bigger your litter/clutch of kids, the more of your population you have to dedicate to educating them. Human women have 1 kid at a time, and with a ratio of 1 primary school teacher to 25 kids in the classroom, that means 1 teacher for every 25 women who had a kid in 2016. Your Drash Karr women lay 20 eggs and 10 hatch. So our example class of 25 kids are the offspring of only 2.5 women. You therefore need 1 teacher per 2.5 women if you want to teach those kids to read! And they are only the first clutch of 2016! So it is really 2 teachers per 2.5 women. Given that there is no such thing as 0.5 of a woman (!), let's round up the numbers... 20 teachers per 25 women. So in a village of 50 adults (half male, half female), 40% of your population will be dedicated to **educating this year's offspring!**
Data added: [this government website](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/number-of-schools-teachers-and-students-in-england) states that in England there are 8.2 million kids (including nursery schools, state schools and private schools) and 438000 teachers (state schools only). That's a ratio of 1 teacher to 19 kids. So it will be a bit less that this when the nursery and private school teachers are factored in.
**Cultural realism:**
5. Wars are often (mostly?) won by the folks with the technological advantage. In fact I'm betting a whole lot of technological innovations were created in the first place to improve the chance of winning. You can invent the bow and arrow for hunting animals, but the only reason to invent the cannon is to destroy the fortifications and manpower of the enemy.
6. Honour is not a cross-cultural standard. Someone has picked something and labelled it 'honorable' or 'dishonorable' or neutral. If a nobleman insults another nobleman? You have an honorable duel. If a peasant insults a nobleman? Off with his head! Because murdering peasants is not 'dishonorable'. So to make these guys interesting, you'll need to find some honour quirks which are unique to them and aren't just a Hollywood version of chivalry or samurai or 'noble savages'. | You mention Xenos rising in this culture - do the Xenos have to buy in 100% to the honour system? If there are interpretations of "honourable" that can justify, for example, killing children, what happens when a Xeno uses such a justification?
The Turks had the Janissary army (essentially a Death Squad of unmarried Xenos trained from early childhood to be super-soldiers), but they accomplished this feat by kidnapping male children from their subject nations at a young age, and raising them as Muslims. These foreign-born Janissaries could rise to be the Supreme Ruler, but they had no knowledge of, or contact with, their original family and culture.
If Xenos are allowed to retain their own culture and also participate in the Karr culture, you probably should give thought as to how the resulting cultural conflicts are resolved. |
45,820 | Well, I have been having [computer problems](https://superuser.com/questions/1095464/my-audio-and-video-drivers-are-not-working-planning-on-factory-reset-is-this-t?noredirect=1#comment1553551_1095464) and I decided that now is as good a time as ever to continue to waste my time developing my reptilian, honor-obsessed militaristic race of lizards for a planned [Stellaris](http://www.stellarisgame.com/) AAR.
Here is a description of them for the first draft of my planned four part preluide series:
<-- Drash Karr Basic Information -->
Overview:
The Drash Karr are a warrior race hailing from the moon Karr orbiting the Gas Giant named Bid' Jossk in the Dec' Haran System, though their people are actually divided into many different castes. Their name literally translates into English "The Children of Karr". Each caste accomplishes a very specific task, though the broader castes are divided into many smaller sub-castes. For example, the Warrior Caste is divided into the Grunt caste, the Mecha caste, and the Naval caste. Each of those is further subdivided until every specific niche required to keep an army functioning is filled.
Planet:
Bid' Jossk actually orbits towards the inner edge of the habitable zone of its star, and some would argue that it is actually too close to its star to support life, however the rapid orbit of the moon combined with its rotation means that a day is only six hours, half in the light, half in the dark. The surface is primarily composed of desert, mesas, and mountains, though there are a dozen or so small seas. The depressions surrounding the seas and the heavy cloud cover on the northern hemisphere combined with fossilized aquatic animals indicate that at one time, many millions of years ago, a much larger percentage of the surface was covered in water. Perhaps the moons' parent planet once had a more favorable orbit, but moved in closer to its star, but this would have been long before the Drash Karr had even started to evolve.
Culture:
Drash Karr culture stresses The Challenge, or the challenges one will face throughout his or her life. The Challenge is different for each caste as well as each individual Drash Karr, basically providing that for one to do ones' best in all things would bring both the individual and the greater whole more honor.
This is an amazing system because it blends perfectly a sense of individualism by encouraging one to strive to achieve ever greater amounts of honor and acclaim while maximizing the sense of being part of a greater whole for each individual. They defend their home worlds with wild ferocity, and will not suffer foreign overlords defiling their homes. Aside from this one quirk, they are actually extremely tolerant for an interstellar empire, allowing conquered races, no matter how primitive they were before, to rise through the ranks and attain great glory and respect in their society, even to the point of the most trusted, honorable, and talented Xenos to command their great fleets and armies.
Females, unlike in many human cultures, are treated with the utmost reverence and respect, as they bring life to the entirety of the Drash Karr and are physically completely equal to males.
Warriors prefer single-combat and will tear a scale from their body, usually the back, and pin it to their armor upon defeating a foe in single combat. While the Drash Karr are willing and able to use more advanced weaponry such as the feared Orbital Drop Mechas and Tanks, or even basic projectile weapons, they prefer to close the distance to an enemy and use either their short or long swords to duel.
Religion:
The Drash Karr have no single religion, per se, but throughout the many millennia of recorded Drash Karr history they have worshiped many gods. Even now, they follow their Protector, and treat him or her with near god-like reverence and respect. Before they followed the Protector, nearly all Drash Karr worshiped their homeworld of Karr as a god.
Biology:
The Drash Karr are a large, bipedal species. They are covered in strong scales of varying color. These scales, when combined with the bulletproof silk suits worn under their heavy metal armor, can stop projectile weapons from causing any real harm. Their only known physical vulnerabilities are their eye and mouth openings as their metallic helmets open up to allow them to breathe and see.
Their home planet is covered in mesas and large open deserts with the occasional mountain, and their scales turn pure white when their bodies begin to overheat.
Their mouth is divided into three mandibles. They used to serve the purpose of hunting back when the Drash Karr were primitive animals, but since then have served little purpose other than to inspire terror in their enemies (and quite effectively at that, considering that they are covered in hundreds of small incisors. The Drash Karr possess specialized organs in their stomachs to grind up meat into a digestible form.
Members of the Drash Karr species communicate with each other using special organs in their throats that can produce more complex sounds than a human can. As a result, the first languages of the Drash Karr were a complex combination of sounds. In the end, as the Drash Karr created and adopted a simpler language as their interstellar Empire expanded and incorporated more and more races.
When their bodies begin to overheat, their scales turn a shade of white to deflect the sun and their scales open up to allow the wind to cool their skin off. They do sweat to some degree under their scales
Breeding:
Drash Karr breed in much the same way as most other species. After sexual intercourse, the two Drash Karr are bound to each other for life by unique chemical and physical reactions to the sensations. The female will then lay anywhere from 10 to 20 eggs that develop into Drash Karr infants in two Earth-years. Only half of the eggs will hatch, however, and rarely does more than 1 survive their first five great cycles of training and schooling.
Size:
The Drash Karr can easily reach heights in excess of 7 feet, and some have been known to reach up to ten feet. Their bodies are somewhat aerodynamically designed in form to help them reach maximum speed. Their average strength is double that of the average human, but can in rare cases be triple. Unfortunately, the societal selection process used by the Drash Karr, many years of hard training, that has caused their race to develop such strength, has a high fatality rate and when combined with the low hatching rate of the Drash Karr eggs. In most cases, only 1 or 2 Drash Karr children survive the training, the strongest, fastest, and smartest of their species. This low survival rate is offset by the fact that Drash Karr women can have up to two broods of eggs a year, one in the celestial spring and the other in celestial fall, meaning 1-2 new children per year.
Conquest Policy:
First Contact Protocol was dictated by the actions of Protector Oberon, the War-Chief that united his homeworld and brought the Drash' Karr Empire onto the interstellar stage. From his personal journals;
"In the event of contact with an alien race, overwhelming force must be used to ensure the security of our species. The aliens will be given the chance to prepare for the coming battles equivalent to 1 great cycle. After the grace period expires, our entire fleet will mobilize to meet the enemy. Any encroachment in our space during this time will immediately end the grace period. Our armies will be brought to their worlds to do battle in their cities while our fleets engage in space."
"Every attempt to meet them on equal ground must be made. To seek a decisive technological advantage in combat would bring dishonor to the Drash' Karr Empire and would be a punishable offense. Punishment will be left to the discretion of the reigning Protector."
"The one exception to this rule, however, is if the security and survival of the state as a whole is in danger. In the event of contact with a race that desires our destruction, appropriate force will be applied. All technological innovations will be leveraged."
Time:
Time is measured in Great Cycles, Cycles, hours, and minutes. Minutes and hours are roughly measured in the same way they are on Earth. A "Cycle" is the time it takes the moon of Karr, their homeworld, to orbit its parent planet. A Great Cycle is the time it takes its parent planet to orbit its Star. Its parent star itself is a [Type F Star](http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/stars/startypes.shtml), shining with a blue color.
Technology:
Technology has steadily progressed, and the Drash Karr are very capable of designing terrifying weapons of mass destruction, but have agreed across the board that such an action would be horrendously dishonorable and any nation that attempted to do that was easily swatted down and destroyed by the combined military might of the rest of Karr.
<--End Description-->
I am looking for inconsistencies as well as any and all input on the verisimilitude(is that a word?) of my scenario. I am planning on asking some more questions, such as where the habitable zone for such a star would begin, where it would end, as well as designing the warbeasts the Drash Karr will ride into battle on, but those are questions for another day.
Karr's parent gas giant, Bid'Jossk, is slightly larger in both circumference and mass than Saturn.
**EDIT**
To clarify, I am looking for cultural and biological quirks that I might not have noticed, as I am not too confident in my ability to be accurate and not overly extravagant. | 2016/06/30 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/45820",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/6799/"
] | **Biological realism:**
1. You need a reason why half the eggs don't hatch. Disease? Inbreeding? Terrible childcare (egg-care) methods? Some other factor? For instance, some species of marine turtle have quite a lot of smaller than average eggs which don't hatch. The theory is that these eggs are not really eggs at all - they are 'spacers' to help keep pockets of air open in the buried clutch of eggs.
2. You say that very few offspring make it through training. This means that the major form of infant and childhood mortality is *self-inflicted*. Given that this species (or its ancestors) will also suffer from diseases, attacks by predators, starvation during famines, murder, bad luck and accidents, it looks like their 'honour training' is designed to drive them to extinction.
3. You describe them as reptiles, but there is nothing much (apart from scales and laying eggs) that strikes me as a reptilian physiology. Are they really ectotherms (cold-blooded)? If so, they'll be struggling to cope with winter or temperate climates on planets like Earth. There are sound physiological reasons why big reptiles like alligators & Komodo dragons don't inhabit chilly places like New Zealand, Norway or the north of the USA. (Little reptiles tend to hibernate). If they are really mammals-with-scales, then ignore this.
4. Childcare and education. I'm including this in biology because civilised, technological species who have a squillion kids is a real bugbear of mine. The bigger your litter/clutch of kids, the more of your population you have to dedicate to educating them. Human women have 1 kid at a time, and with a ratio of 1 primary school teacher to 25 kids in the classroom, that means 1 teacher for every 25 women who had a kid in 2016. Your Drash Karr women lay 20 eggs and 10 hatch. So our example class of 25 kids are the offspring of only 2.5 women. You therefore need 1 teacher per 2.5 women if you want to teach those kids to read! And they are only the first clutch of 2016! So it is really 2 teachers per 2.5 women. Given that there is no such thing as 0.5 of a woman (!), let's round up the numbers... 20 teachers per 25 women. So in a village of 50 adults (half male, half female), 40% of your population will be dedicated to **educating this year's offspring!**
Data added: [this government website](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/number-of-schools-teachers-and-students-in-england) states that in England there are 8.2 million kids (including nursery schools, state schools and private schools) and 438000 teachers (state schools only). That's a ratio of 1 teacher to 19 kids. So it will be a bit less that this when the nursery and private school teachers are factored in.
**Cultural realism:**
5. Wars are often (mostly?) won by the folks with the technological advantage. In fact I'm betting a whole lot of technological innovations were created in the first place to improve the chance of winning. You can invent the bow and arrow for hunting animals, but the only reason to invent the cannon is to destroy the fortifications and manpower of the enemy.
6. Honour is not a cross-cultural standard. Someone has picked something and labelled it 'honorable' or 'dishonorable' or neutral. If a nobleman insults another nobleman? You have an honorable duel. If a peasant insults a nobleman? Off with his head! Because murdering peasants is not 'dishonorable'. So to make these guys interesting, you'll need to find some honour quirks which are unique to them and aren't just a Hollywood version of chivalry or samurai or 'noble savages'. | Any attempt at an honorable stellar-age war is ridiculous, unless your species is remarkably quick to adapt, or you assume that only planets with similar climates to your homeworld are capable of sustaining any form of life. If humans were to attempt honorable warfare on Venus, the economic burden would be huge. Space suits, that would not be dissolved by or melted by the atmosphere for everyone. Besides that, these suits would add considerable bulk and weight - making use of cover, and running from cover to cover would become ridiculously difficult, and any breach of the suit would mean death. The same goes for Karr on a moderate-to-cold climate planet. The native species could easily seek refuge in cold mountains and maintain an exhausting guerrilla war for ages. An example of a species that has a chance at an honorable war on any planet is... Zerg.
That being said, I think the whole First Contact Protocol and Technological section is way off for a species, that is reptilian (ectothermic) and has a huge disadvantage against moderate to cold climate planets, has an educational system based on natural selection and survival of the fittest. It would make more sense, if they reserved the honor system against one another, but used WMD and terraforming (also a WMD, as huge, global-scale climate change, and more than likely, also the complete change of the composition of the atmosphere is likely to annihilate most of the life on the planet that is being terraformed) against other species with little to no regard.
Such a brutal, care-free "wreck everyone else" technological and First Contact Protocol policy would work more favorably for war beasts as well.
Also for their armor, more specifically - their helmets, they could reduce their vulnerabilities further, by leaving openings only for their eyes, and breathe through gaps left between their scales and the helmet, that lead to the openings for their eyes. Fogging up would not be an issue because there are no lenses. This vulnerability could be sealed up if you use some sort of bullet-proof lenses (some crystal structure commonly found on their planet), and just route the breathing canals to a different part of the helmets.
But as @Cognisant noted in his answer, you're creating massive, unkillable super-soldiers. The problem with that, is that it becomes difficult to find a viable threat. You're basically running yourself into a predictable outcome - the only way they can be defeated, is if the enemy defeats them in space, before they are forced to fight face-to-face, or the enemy has superior terraforming technology, and just "terraform-nukes" their inhabbitted planets, forcing them into a life of living on spaceships, with ridiculously limited resources and sustainability, until they go extinct. |
45,820 | Well, I have been having [computer problems](https://superuser.com/questions/1095464/my-audio-and-video-drivers-are-not-working-planning-on-factory-reset-is-this-t?noredirect=1#comment1553551_1095464) and I decided that now is as good a time as ever to continue to waste my time developing my reptilian, honor-obsessed militaristic race of lizards for a planned [Stellaris](http://www.stellarisgame.com/) AAR.
Here is a description of them for the first draft of my planned four part preluide series:
<-- Drash Karr Basic Information -->
Overview:
The Drash Karr are a warrior race hailing from the moon Karr orbiting the Gas Giant named Bid' Jossk in the Dec' Haran System, though their people are actually divided into many different castes. Their name literally translates into English "The Children of Karr". Each caste accomplishes a very specific task, though the broader castes are divided into many smaller sub-castes. For example, the Warrior Caste is divided into the Grunt caste, the Mecha caste, and the Naval caste. Each of those is further subdivided until every specific niche required to keep an army functioning is filled.
Planet:
Bid' Jossk actually orbits towards the inner edge of the habitable zone of its star, and some would argue that it is actually too close to its star to support life, however the rapid orbit of the moon combined with its rotation means that a day is only six hours, half in the light, half in the dark. The surface is primarily composed of desert, mesas, and mountains, though there are a dozen or so small seas. The depressions surrounding the seas and the heavy cloud cover on the northern hemisphere combined with fossilized aquatic animals indicate that at one time, many millions of years ago, a much larger percentage of the surface was covered in water. Perhaps the moons' parent planet once had a more favorable orbit, but moved in closer to its star, but this would have been long before the Drash Karr had even started to evolve.
Culture:
Drash Karr culture stresses The Challenge, or the challenges one will face throughout his or her life. The Challenge is different for each caste as well as each individual Drash Karr, basically providing that for one to do ones' best in all things would bring both the individual and the greater whole more honor.
This is an amazing system because it blends perfectly a sense of individualism by encouraging one to strive to achieve ever greater amounts of honor and acclaim while maximizing the sense of being part of a greater whole for each individual. They defend their home worlds with wild ferocity, and will not suffer foreign overlords defiling their homes. Aside from this one quirk, they are actually extremely tolerant for an interstellar empire, allowing conquered races, no matter how primitive they were before, to rise through the ranks and attain great glory and respect in their society, even to the point of the most trusted, honorable, and talented Xenos to command their great fleets and armies.
Females, unlike in many human cultures, are treated with the utmost reverence and respect, as they bring life to the entirety of the Drash Karr and are physically completely equal to males.
Warriors prefer single-combat and will tear a scale from their body, usually the back, and pin it to their armor upon defeating a foe in single combat. While the Drash Karr are willing and able to use more advanced weaponry such as the feared Orbital Drop Mechas and Tanks, or even basic projectile weapons, they prefer to close the distance to an enemy and use either their short or long swords to duel.
Religion:
The Drash Karr have no single religion, per se, but throughout the many millennia of recorded Drash Karr history they have worshiped many gods. Even now, they follow their Protector, and treat him or her with near god-like reverence and respect. Before they followed the Protector, nearly all Drash Karr worshiped their homeworld of Karr as a god.
Biology:
The Drash Karr are a large, bipedal species. They are covered in strong scales of varying color. These scales, when combined with the bulletproof silk suits worn under their heavy metal armor, can stop projectile weapons from causing any real harm. Their only known physical vulnerabilities are their eye and mouth openings as their metallic helmets open up to allow them to breathe and see.
Their home planet is covered in mesas and large open deserts with the occasional mountain, and their scales turn pure white when their bodies begin to overheat.
Their mouth is divided into three mandibles. They used to serve the purpose of hunting back when the Drash Karr were primitive animals, but since then have served little purpose other than to inspire terror in their enemies (and quite effectively at that, considering that they are covered in hundreds of small incisors. The Drash Karr possess specialized organs in their stomachs to grind up meat into a digestible form.
Members of the Drash Karr species communicate with each other using special organs in their throats that can produce more complex sounds than a human can. As a result, the first languages of the Drash Karr were a complex combination of sounds. In the end, as the Drash Karr created and adopted a simpler language as their interstellar Empire expanded and incorporated more and more races.
When their bodies begin to overheat, their scales turn a shade of white to deflect the sun and their scales open up to allow the wind to cool their skin off. They do sweat to some degree under their scales
Breeding:
Drash Karr breed in much the same way as most other species. After sexual intercourse, the two Drash Karr are bound to each other for life by unique chemical and physical reactions to the sensations. The female will then lay anywhere from 10 to 20 eggs that develop into Drash Karr infants in two Earth-years. Only half of the eggs will hatch, however, and rarely does more than 1 survive their first five great cycles of training and schooling.
Size:
The Drash Karr can easily reach heights in excess of 7 feet, and some have been known to reach up to ten feet. Their bodies are somewhat aerodynamically designed in form to help them reach maximum speed. Their average strength is double that of the average human, but can in rare cases be triple. Unfortunately, the societal selection process used by the Drash Karr, many years of hard training, that has caused their race to develop such strength, has a high fatality rate and when combined with the low hatching rate of the Drash Karr eggs. In most cases, only 1 or 2 Drash Karr children survive the training, the strongest, fastest, and smartest of their species. This low survival rate is offset by the fact that Drash Karr women can have up to two broods of eggs a year, one in the celestial spring and the other in celestial fall, meaning 1-2 new children per year.
Conquest Policy:
First Contact Protocol was dictated by the actions of Protector Oberon, the War-Chief that united his homeworld and brought the Drash' Karr Empire onto the interstellar stage. From his personal journals;
"In the event of contact with an alien race, overwhelming force must be used to ensure the security of our species. The aliens will be given the chance to prepare for the coming battles equivalent to 1 great cycle. After the grace period expires, our entire fleet will mobilize to meet the enemy. Any encroachment in our space during this time will immediately end the grace period. Our armies will be brought to their worlds to do battle in their cities while our fleets engage in space."
"Every attempt to meet them on equal ground must be made. To seek a decisive technological advantage in combat would bring dishonor to the Drash' Karr Empire and would be a punishable offense. Punishment will be left to the discretion of the reigning Protector."
"The one exception to this rule, however, is if the security and survival of the state as a whole is in danger. In the event of contact with a race that desires our destruction, appropriate force will be applied. All technological innovations will be leveraged."
Time:
Time is measured in Great Cycles, Cycles, hours, and minutes. Minutes and hours are roughly measured in the same way they are on Earth. A "Cycle" is the time it takes the moon of Karr, their homeworld, to orbit its parent planet. A Great Cycle is the time it takes its parent planet to orbit its Star. Its parent star itself is a [Type F Star](http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/stars/startypes.shtml), shining with a blue color.
Technology:
Technology has steadily progressed, and the Drash Karr are very capable of designing terrifying weapons of mass destruction, but have agreed across the board that such an action would be horrendously dishonorable and any nation that attempted to do that was easily swatted down and destroyed by the combined military might of the rest of Karr.
<--End Description-->
I am looking for inconsistencies as well as any and all input on the verisimilitude(is that a word?) of my scenario. I am planning on asking some more questions, such as where the habitable zone for such a star would begin, where it would end, as well as designing the warbeasts the Drash Karr will ride into battle on, but those are questions for another day.
Karr's parent gas giant, Bid'Jossk, is slightly larger in both circumference and mass than Saturn.
**EDIT**
To clarify, I am looking for cultural and biological quirks that I might not have noticed, as I am not too confident in my ability to be accurate and not overly extravagant. | 2016/06/30 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/45820",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/6799/"
] | You mention Xenos rising in this culture - do the Xenos have to buy in 100% to the honour system? If there are interpretations of "honourable" that can justify, for example, killing children, what happens when a Xeno uses such a justification?
The Turks had the Janissary army (essentially a Death Squad of unmarried Xenos trained from early childhood to be super-soldiers), but they accomplished this feat by kidnapping male children from their subject nations at a young age, and raising them as Muslims. These foreign-born Janissaries could rise to be the Supreme Ruler, but they had no knowledge of, or contact with, their original family and culture.
If Xenos are allowed to retain their own culture and also participate in the Karr culture, you probably should give thought as to how the resulting cultural conflicts are resolved. | Any attempt at an honorable stellar-age war is ridiculous, unless your species is remarkably quick to adapt, or you assume that only planets with similar climates to your homeworld are capable of sustaining any form of life. If humans were to attempt honorable warfare on Venus, the economic burden would be huge. Space suits, that would not be dissolved by or melted by the atmosphere for everyone. Besides that, these suits would add considerable bulk and weight - making use of cover, and running from cover to cover would become ridiculously difficult, and any breach of the suit would mean death. The same goes for Karr on a moderate-to-cold climate planet. The native species could easily seek refuge in cold mountains and maintain an exhausting guerrilla war for ages. An example of a species that has a chance at an honorable war on any planet is... Zerg.
That being said, I think the whole First Contact Protocol and Technological section is way off for a species, that is reptilian (ectothermic) and has a huge disadvantage against moderate to cold climate planets, has an educational system based on natural selection and survival of the fittest. It would make more sense, if they reserved the honor system against one another, but used WMD and terraforming (also a WMD, as huge, global-scale climate change, and more than likely, also the complete change of the composition of the atmosphere is likely to annihilate most of the life on the planet that is being terraformed) against other species with little to no regard.
Such a brutal, care-free "wreck everyone else" technological and First Contact Protocol policy would work more favorably for war beasts as well.
Also for their armor, more specifically - their helmets, they could reduce their vulnerabilities further, by leaving openings only for their eyes, and breathe through gaps left between their scales and the helmet, that lead to the openings for their eyes. Fogging up would not be an issue because there are no lenses. This vulnerability could be sealed up if you use some sort of bullet-proof lenses (some crystal structure commonly found on their planet), and just route the breathing canals to a different part of the helmets.
But as @Cognisant noted in his answer, you're creating massive, unkillable super-soldiers. The problem with that, is that it becomes difficult to find a viable threat. You're basically running yourself into a predictable outcome - the only way they can be defeated, is if the enemy defeats them in space, before they are forced to fight face-to-face, or the enemy has superior terraforming technology, and just "terraform-nukes" their inhabbitted planets, forcing them into a life of living on spaceships, with ridiculously limited resources and sustainability, until they go extinct. |
5,503,192 | I'm looking for a particle engine for a XNA game? Is there a good/actively maintained library available? (Open Source if possible) | 2011/03/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5503192",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/625672/"
] | I would suggest [Mercury Particle Engine](http://mpe.codeplex.com/) - they have API's for XNA 3.1 and 4.0.
Last stable update is from Oct 2010. | Probably one of the best available: [XNA Particles](http://www.xnaparticles.com/)
Also, take a look at [Xen](http://xen.codeplex.com/). |
5,503,192 | I'm looking for a particle engine for a XNA game? Is there a good/actively maintained library available? (Open Source if possible) | 2011/03/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5503192",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/625672/"
] | Probably one of the best available: [XNA Particles](http://www.xnaparticles.com/)
Also, take a look at [Xen](http://xen.codeplex.com/). | I would recommend [DPSF (Dynamic Particle System Framework)](http://www.xnaparticles.com/index.php); this is the *XNA Particles* engine mentioned in Neil Knight's answer. The core framework is open source, and it provides tons of source code, examples, tutorials, help docs, and has a dedicated forum. You can use the stock effects and particle systems if you like, or write code to create your own. Also, DPSF is still regularly updated every few months, has versions for XNA 3.1 and 4.0, and supports both 2D and 3D particles on Windows, Xbox 360, Windows Phone 7 and 8, and the Zune. It also uses MonoGame to support WinRT and Android as well. |
5,503,192 | I'm looking for a particle engine for a XNA game? Is there a good/actively maintained library available? (Open Source if possible) | 2011/03/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5503192",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/625672/"
] | Probably one of the best available: [XNA Particles](http://www.xnaparticles.com/)
Also, take a look at [Xen](http://xen.codeplex.com/). | I think its a little off the question but....
Tutorial 2D Particles: <http://rbwhitaker.wikidot.com/2d-particle-engine-1> |
5,503,192 | I'm looking for a particle engine for a XNA game? Is there a good/actively maintained library available? (Open Source if possible) | 2011/03/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5503192",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/625672/"
] | I would suggest [Mercury Particle Engine](http://mpe.codeplex.com/) - they have API's for XNA 3.1 and 4.0.
Last stable update is from Oct 2010. | I would recommend [DPSF (Dynamic Particle System Framework)](http://www.xnaparticles.com/index.php); this is the *XNA Particles* engine mentioned in Neil Knight's answer. The core framework is open source, and it provides tons of source code, examples, tutorials, help docs, and has a dedicated forum. You can use the stock effects and particle systems if you like, or write code to create your own. Also, DPSF is still regularly updated every few months, has versions for XNA 3.1 and 4.0, and supports both 2D and 3D particles on Windows, Xbox 360, Windows Phone 7 and 8, and the Zune. It also uses MonoGame to support WinRT and Android as well. |
5,503,192 | I'm looking for a particle engine for a XNA game? Is there a good/actively maintained library available? (Open Source if possible) | 2011/03/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5503192",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/625672/"
] | I would suggest [Mercury Particle Engine](http://mpe.codeplex.com/) - they have API's for XNA 3.1 and 4.0.
Last stable update is from Oct 2010. | I think its a little off the question but....
Tutorial 2D Particles: <http://rbwhitaker.wikidot.com/2d-particle-engine-1> |
5,503,192 | I'm looking for a particle engine for a XNA game? Is there a good/actively maintained library available? (Open Source if possible) | 2011/03/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5503192",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/625672/"
] | I would recommend [DPSF (Dynamic Particle System Framework)](http://www.xnaparticles.com/index.php); this is the *XNA Particles* engine mentioned in Neil Knight's answer. The core framework is open source, and it provides tons of source code, examples, tutorials, help docs, and has a dedicated forum. You can use the stock effects and particle systems if you like, or write code to create your own. Also, DPSF is still regularly updated every few months, has versions for XNA 3.1 and 4.0, and supports both 2D and 3D particles on Windows, Xbox 360, Windows Phone 7 and 8, and the Zune. It also uses MonoGame to support WinRT and Android as well. | I think its a little off the question but....
Tutorial 2D Particles: <http://rbwhitaker.wikidot.com/2d-particle-engine-1> |
80,451 | I ran into a problem analysing some data I produced. I measured concentrations in biological samples in a time course manner. I measured three replicates for each of the seven time points. I can display the data as means +- SD, that's easy.
Now I want to express the data as percent changes relative to the first time point. I am completely clueless on how to apply SD or any other measurement of variability to the percentages. Sorry if this is a double post, but the other answers somehow don't fit to my problem.
Another problem I will run into soon is the following: I will analyze a different genotype in the same manner and want to test for significant differences between the genotypes. Any recommendation for a test? Preferably something that can be done in Excel, I am just beginning to learn R. | 2013/12/24 | [
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/80451",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/users/36547/"
] | I assume that [the answer and the example](https://stats.stackexchange.com/a/80450/1496) provided by @Flounderer imply this, but I think it worth spelling this out. Principal component analysis (PCA) is label (classification) indifferent. All it does is to transform some high dimensional data to another dimensional space. It *might* help in classification attempts by, for example, creating data set that is easier separable by a particular method. However, this is only a by-product (or a side effect) of PCA. | When we do Principal Component analysis the principal components correspond to the directions of maximum variability, they do not guarantee maximum discrimination or separation between classes.
So the 2nd component gives you good classification means data in that direction gives you better discrimination between classes. When you perform Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA) it gives you the best orthogonal direction components that maximize the inter-class distance and minimize the intra-class distance.
So if you do LDA on the data instead of PCA probably one of the very first components would be closer to PC6 than to PC1. Hope this helps. |
19,120,651 | My app is currently live. During the submission i didn't checked the inapp purchases and didn't submitted for review. Now the app is live but i am unable to submit the inapp purchases the but button is disabled. How to submit the inapp purchases again without reuploading new version.
Can any one please help me in this. Is there any way to do this. | 2013/10/01 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/19120651",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1257233/"
] | I don't think you can do this. You would need to submit app again and include that in-app purchase with it.
You can also try and send an email to Apple support, but I think by the time you get any resolution on that - regular way (re-submitting the app) would have worked. | Yes you have to re-submit application.
**Please make sure you select the In-App purchase from your application version detail page other wise you will again face the same issue.** |
3,688 | I'm running a web server on my pi at the moment, I run a forum that uses PHP and Mysql. The Average load time is 1 – 2 seconds for a page, I know for sure this can be a lot faster. This is because when I request a HTML page it's there in a few milliseconds (We have Fiber Optic Internet with 40Mbit upload speed).
I would like to know what I can do to make it even faster, there are no slow query's detected and Mysql caches have enough space. So I guess Mysql is not the problem. I also optimized Apache a bit, but I actual don't know what I could do to make it even faster.
So what tools are available on Debian to determine what the systems bottleneck is? And are there any tools like “Mysql tuner” for PHP?
When I run the command “top”, there is max 40% CPU and 50% ram usage when a user is browsing. So I guess more CPU power can be used to process data faster. I don't know about Disk usage, but I have a class 10 SD card that I want to keep. So I don't want to expand the SD card.
I know it's better to optimize the applications on the server, but first I would like to have Apache, PHP and Mysql as fast as possible for my system configuration. | 2012/11/22 | [
"https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/3688",
"https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com",
"https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/users/3267/"
] | The usual way to speed up the delivery of dynamic web pages (no matter on what kind of server) would be server-side **caching**.
Instead of running the PHP code and the database queries on every page request, you can save the resulting HTML as a static page and deliver it on subsequent requests. It would have to be updated only when there is a new post in your forum.
There are plenty of resources and tools available for this, one very powerful and popular choice is [Varnish](https://www.varnish-cache.org/about):
>
> Varnish Cache is a web application accelerator also known as a caching HTTP reverse proxy. You install it in front of any server that speaks HTTP and configure it to cache the contents. Varnish Cache is really, really fast. It typically speeds up delivery with a factor of 300 - 1000x, depending on your architecture.
>
>
>
Varnish is included in the Debian sources, their website has [detailed documentation](https://www.varnish-cache.org/docs/3.0/index.html) on setting it up.
Basically it sits between your user and Apache. Its usefulness depends heavily on your forum App sending the correct cache headers with its HTTP responses, so expect some tweaking and research to be necessary. | To be honest, a load time of 1-2 seconds for a PHP based forum page isn't unusual, no matter what hardware you're running on. Static pages will be coming from memory cache pretty much, where-as dynamic pages just require time to process and build. Depending on the PHP application (i.e. the forum app) it may be possible to turn on per-page diagnostics which detail where time was spent building the page. |
3,688 | I'm running a web server on my pi at the moment, I run a forum that uses PHP and Mysql. The Average load time is 1 – 2 seconds for a page, I know for sure this can be a lot faster. This is because when I request a HTML page it's there in a few milliseconds (We have Fiber Optic Internet with 40Mbit upload speed).
I would like to know what I can do to make it even faster, there are no slow query's detected and Mysql caches have enough space. So I guess Mysql is not the problem. I also optimized Apache a bit, but I actual don't know what I could do to make it even faster.
So what tools are available on Debian to determine what the systems bottleneck is? And are there any tools like “Mysql tuner” for PHP?
When I run the command “top”, there is max 40% CPU and 50% ram usage when a user is browsing. So I guess more CPU power can be used to process data faster. I don't know about Disk usage, but I have a class 10 SD card that I want to keep. So I don't want to expand the SD card.
I know it's better to optimize the applications on the server, but first I would like to have Apache, PHP and Mysql as fast as possible for my system configuration. | 2012/11/22 | [
"https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/3688",
"https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com",
"https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/users/3267/"
] | The usual way to speed up the delivery of dynamic web pages (no matter on what kind of server) would be server-side **caching**.
Instead of running the PHP code and the database queries on every page request, you can save the resulting HTML as a static page and deliver it on subsequent requests. It would have to be updated only when there is a new post in your forum.
There are plenty of resources and tools available for this, one very powerful and popular choice is [Varnish](https://www.varnish-cache.org/about):
>
> Varnish Cache is a web application accelerator also known as a caching HTTP reverse proxy. You install it in front of any server that speaks HTTP and configure it to cache the contents. Varnish Cache is really, really fast. It typically speeds up delivery with a factor of 300 - 1000x, depending on your architecture.
>
>
>
Varnish is included in the Debian sources, their website has [detailed documentation](https://www.varnish-cache.org/docs/3.0/index.html) on setting it up.
Basically it sits between your user and Apache. Its usefulness depends heavily on your forum App sending the correct cache headers with its HTTP responses, so expect some tweaking and research to be necessary. | So, the real bottleneck from the PI is the processor, to avoid this you need to cache data so that the processor doesn't need to do much work. It's not possible to do this with a 3th party caching tool because there is not much same data. So you need to implement caching on your own. I like to program software, its a hobby of mine for more than 6 years. So that is how I'm going to solve the problem.
So the short answer is, no, you can't get it much faster with some tweaks, but there is an other way. You could make your own forum for the PI in service style. A real time program that handles the engine in for example C++, this way you don't need to calculate everything over and over again, and you can manage cache data when there is no one on your forum.
When you need Apache to run other software, you could let Apache send the requests to the service, but you also can make a manager that send it to Apache or the Forum.
To make it fast, you can keep a lot of information that is in the database in memory, for example 50 MB of forum posts, and the forum overview. But make sure it's easy to update. Keep this in an arrays for example, this way you can easily update elements when something is changed (Don't forget to apply the updates in your database!).
50 MB is really a lot of text. That way the PI can just copy the most out of memory, that way it will preform very fast. And because you do the caching yourself, you know what you can show to every user, so you don't need to cache data for every single situation.
I never implemented something like this, but I’m sure you could make very good caching solutions for a Forum. |
46,325 | I am trying to create a 3D resistor with blender, and so far I have a pill shape object. But when I try to draw the color stripes of the resistor with the Grease Pencil the color just hangs in mid air. I want that color stripe to be on the pill shaped object.
Here is what I have so far.
[](https://i1155.photobucket.com/albums/p551/bestcorona/NotFinishedResistor_zpsur0zwl2v.jpg)
I would like it to look something like this.
[](https://chanshue.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/resistor-pic.jpg)
Also, if you guys can give me some tips on how to create the wires coming out of the resistor that would be great.
Thanks in advance. | 2016/02/04 | [
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/questions/46325",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/users/21532/"
] | Roughly,
I built your scene. I generally use Cycles so there may be a better way in Internal, but this works pretty well.
First, add a material by clicking the (+) button. You will be presented with this page.[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/bP46j.png)
Make the suggested edits, such as changing the diffuse and specular colors and increasing the specular intensity from 0.5 to 0.7. You can rename the material to something like pill or resistor body.
Next, click the other plus button, the one next to the light grey drop down menu. This will give you a new material slot. Change the diffuse, specular, and intensity values for your next color (red, green, or orange according the picture). Repeat this step for the next two colors. Don't worry that they are not yet showing up on your model.
Now, press tab to enter edit mode and use Ctrl+R to add loop cuts. Do not left or right click yet. Press (4) at the top of your keyboard and move your mouse around your object until the loop cuts are positioned around the main cylindrical body.
Now left click to confirm. Change into edge select mode and select only the loop cuts you just made. It might help to hold Alt and right click on the edge. Key Ctrl+B and drag your mouse outward to create strips. Just don't drag too far. Change to face select mode. Select the faces where you want a certain color to be (using Alt+loop again), select that material in the materials panel, and click assign. You should now see a colored stripe on your model. Repeat for the other stripes.
Now tab back to object mode and change the rotation so that it is only rotated 90 on the x axis (no Z rotation.) Tab back into edit mode and select the smallest loop of faces on either end where you want the wires to be. Key E, S, Y, and drag outward to desired length. Now extrude once more, but just a little bit. Rotate each end 45 degrees on the x axis so they are pointed half downwards. Now key E, Z, and drag down a bit *beyond* the desired length. Tab out of edit mode.
Almost there...
Shift+A, Mesh, plane. S to scale it up. Drag down on the z so that only the resistor and the part of the wire that you want visible is showing.
**Rendering**
Go into the tools panel, the tools section, and shade Smooth. Drag the light over the resistor so that the shadow will cast directly down. In the light's object data panel, up the samples to 5. Set up the camera to point where you want it, up the resolution on the render panel to 100% (in the dimensions box). Click Render!
My finished result:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/49OTL.jpg) | It seems you are using the Blenders internal render. In “Edit Mode” make several loop cuts along the length of your mesh. Select your mesh and add a material the color of your base (Off white in the example you linked).
Add another color by pressing the “+” button next to your existing material. Then in “Edit Mode” select the faces you want to color with the second color you just created. Then press the “Assign” button below your material. Rinse and repeat for you additional colors. |
46,325 | I am trying to create a 3D resistor with blender, and so far I have a pill shape object. But when I try to draw the color stripes of the resistor with the Grease Pencil the color just hangs in mid air. I want that color stripe to be on the pill shaped object.
Here is what I have so far.
[](https://i1155.photobucket.com/albums/p551/bestcorona/NotFinishedResistor_zpsur0zwl2v.jpg)
I would like it to look something like this.
[](https://chanshue.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/resistor-pic.jpg)
Also, if you guys can give me some tips on how to create the wires coming out of the resistor that would be great.
Thanks in advance. | 2016/02/04 | [
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/questions/46325",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/users/21532/"
] | It seems you are using the Blenders internal render. In “Edit Mode” make several loop cuts along the length of your mesh. Select your mesh and add a material the color of your base (Off white in the example you linked).
Add another color by pressing the “+” button next to your existing material. Then in “Edit Mode” select the faces you want to color with the second color you just created. Then press the “Assign” button below your material. Rinse and repeat for you additional colors. | As noted, for multiple materials this is done in *mode* by selecting the desired faces and assigning the active material. For the object itself, you can use curves. Use a *bezier curve* for the 'legs' of your transistor object. Start by snapping the *cursor to selected* after selecting the main shape of your object, then add the curve to place it exactly inthe center of the object and start shaping the legs. When you have them as you like, go to *object mode* and add a *bezier circle* to use as a bevel object. You will see this setting in the curve properties in the *properties panel*
Scale the circle down until the 'legs' are to your liking, and we are ready for the wire that runs around the transistor. For this, you can go into *top ortho view*.
Add another *bezier circle* and subdivide a couple times. Add a plane to use as a visual guide for the shape, and again use a bezier circle for your bevel object. You can be more artistic than my render below, but I didn't want to take all night to get an answer out, this is my result. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vzUM8.png)
.blend is here for your reference:
[](https://blend-exchange.giantcowfilms.com/b/964/) |
46,325 | I am trying to create a 3D resistor with blender, and so far I have a pill shape object. But when I try to draw the color stripes of the resistor with the Grease Pencil the color just hangs in mid air. I want that color stripe to be on the pill shaped object.
Here is what I have so far.
[](https://i1155.photobucket.com/albums/p551/bestcorona/NotFinishedResistor_zpsur0zwl2v.jpg)
I would like it to look something like this.
[](https://chanshue.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/resistor-pic.jpg)
Also, if you guys can give me some tips on how to create the wires coming out of the resistor that would be great.
Thanks in advance. | 2016/02/04 | [
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/questions/46325",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/users/21532/"
] | Roughly,
I built your scene. I generally use Cycles so there may be a better way in Internal, but this works pretty well.
First, add a material by clicking the (+) button. You will be presented with this page.[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/bP46j.png)
Make the suggested edits, such as changing the diffuse and specular colors and increasing the specular intensity from 0.5 to 0.7. You can rename the material to something like pill or resistor body.
Next, click the other plus button, the one next to the light grey drop down menu. This will give you a new material slot. Change the diffuse, specular, and intensity values for your next color (red, green, or orange according the picture). Repeat this step for the next two colors. Don't worry that they are not yet showing up on your model.
Now, press tab to enter edit mode and use Ctrl+R to add loop cuts. Do not left or right click yet. Press (4) at the top of your keyboard and move your mouse around your object until the loop cuts are positioned around the main cylindrical body.
Now left click to confirm. Change into edge select mode and select only the loop cuts you just made. It might help to hold Alt and right click on the edge. Key Ctrl+B and drag your mouse outward to create strips. Just don't drag too far. Change to face select mode. Select the faces where you want a certain color to be (using Alt+loop again), select that material in the materials panel, and click assign. You should now see a colored stripe on your model. Repeat for the other stripes.
Now tab back to object mode and change the rotation so that it is only rotated 90 on the x axis (no Z rotation.) Tab back into edit mode and select the smallest loop of faces on either end where you want the wires to be. Key E, S, Y, and drag outward to desired length. Now extrude once more, but just a little bit. Rotate each end 45 degrees on the x axis so they are pointed half downwards. Now key E, Z, and drag down a bit *beyond* the desired length. Tab out of edit mode.
Almost there...
Shift+A, Mesh, plane. S to scale it up. Drag down on the z so that only the resistor and the part of the wire that you want visible is showing.
**Rendering**
Go into the tools panel, the tools section, and shade Smooth. Drag the light over the resistor so that the shadow will cast directly down. In the light's object data panel, up the samples to 5. Set up the camera to point where you want it, up the resolution on the render panel to 100% (in the dimensions box). Click Render!
My finished result:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/49OTL.jpg) | As noted, for multiple materials this is done in *mode* by selecting the desired faces and assigning the active material. For the object itself, you can use curves. Use a *bezier curve* for the 'legs' of your transistor object. Start by snapping the *cursor to selected* after selecting the main shape of your object, then add the curve to place it exactly inthe center of the object and start shaping the legs. When you have them as you like, go to *object mode* and add a *bezier circle* to use as a bevel object. You will see this setting in the curve properties in the *properties panel*
Scale the circle down until the 'legs' are to your liking, and we are ready for the wire that runs around the transistor. For this, you can go into *top ortho view*.
Add another *bezier circle* and subdivide a couple times. Add a plane to use as a visual guide for the shape, and again use a bezier circle for your bevel object. You can be more artistic than my render below, but I didn't want to take all night to get an answer out, this is my result. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vzUM8.png)
.blend is here for your reference:
[](https://blend-exchange.giantcowfilms.com/b/964/) |
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