qid int64 1 74.7M | question stringlengths 12 33.8k | date stringlengths 10 10 | metadata list | response_j stringlengths 0 115k | response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k |
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103,792 | We're planing a trip to Japan next year, and wanted to include the firefly squids of Toyama bay too. My problem is that I can't find any more information about the location/timing/possibilities besides that it's at night, probably on the eastern side of the bay and there is a museum that does cruises to which tickets sell out fast.
So here are some questions to start with:
Is it enough to get to the shore after dark, or does it need to be way into the night just like as the cruise leaves (at 3 am)?
Is it possible to see the squid from the shore or you must out on sea?
Are there other possibilities to get out or just the museum's cruise and where to find them?
Anyone got some experience with this and willing to share?
Thanks! | 2017/10/16 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/103792",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/7390/"
] | Here are a couple of candidates:
* ~~**Whitby** and other stations on the [Esk Valley Line](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esk_Valley_line). The only mainline connection to this line is Middlesbrough, which currently has no direct service to London (it is planned to begin in 2021).~~ See comment below.
* **Thornton Abbey** and other stations on the [Barton line](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barton_line). It looks like connections would be through Grimsby Town, which also has no direct London service as far as I can tell.
Incidentally, these are both in England. | Marlow in Buckinghamshire can only be reached via Bourne End, which can only be reached via Maidenhead - 2 changes from London Paddington.
I suspect this *could* be the nearest, about 30 miles away and less than 1 hour total journey time from London Paddington. |
103,792 | We're planing a trip to Japan next year, and wanted to include the firefly squids of Toyama bay too. My problem is that I can't find any more information about the location/timing/possibilities besides that it's at night, probably on the eastern side of the bay and there is a museum that does cruises to which tickets sell out fast.
So here are some questions to start with:
Is it enough to get to the shore after dark, or does it need to be way into the night just like as the cruise leaves (at 3 am)?
Is it possible to see the squid from the shore or you must out on sea?
Are there other possibilities to get out or just the museum's cruise and where to find them?
Anyone got some experience with this and willing to share?
Thanks! | 2017/10/16 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/103792",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/7390/"
] | The **West Highland Line** is famously about as remote as you can get and have a direct train to London, but it qualifies *one day a week* - there is a night sleeper service to Fort William through Glasgow Queen Street, but it doesn't run on Saturday nights. Queen Street has no other direct connections to London so you'd have to make a short walk to Glasgow Central to change, and I'm guessing this would count as more than a simple change for your question.
More prosaically, trains on the [Maryhill Line](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryhill_Line) would also qualify - they only seem to serve Glasgow Queen Street. | Eskdale in Cumbria would possibly count here - from London you'd have go up the West Coast Mainline and then change to the Cumbrian Coast Line at either Carnforth or Carlisle then from there go to Ravenglass and change to the Ravenglass & Eskdale Line. |
103,792 | We're planing a trip to Japan next year, and wanted to include the firefly squids of Toyama bay too. My problem is that I can't find any more information about the location/timing/possibilities besides that it's at night, probably on the eastern side of the bay and there is a museum that does cruises to which tickets sell out fast.
So here are some questions to start with:
Is it enough to get to the shore after dark, or does it need to be way into the night just like as the cruise leaves (at 3 am)?
Is it possible to see the squid from the shore or you must out on sea?
Are there other possibilities to get out or just the museum's cruise and where to find them?
Anyone got some experience with this and willing to share?
Thanks! | 2017/10/16 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/103792",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/7390/"
] | You're asking for stations within the UK.
For any station in Northern Ireland, you'd need to change from train to ferry and from ferry to train. On either side, (direct) trains do not connect all the way to the ferry terminal, so that means more than one change even to reach Belfast, and more than two to reach any other destination in Northern Ireland. | I think the stations between Kirkby and Wigan Wallgate don't have one-change services to London.
ie Rainford, Upholland, Orrell and Pemberton.
Their services run between Kirkby and Blackburn, via Wigan Wallgate and Manchester Victoria. There's no direct service from any of those stations to London, you can change at Wigan Wallgate for Wigan North Western or at Manchester Victoria for Manchester Piccadilly.
Stations from Wigan Wallgate to Manchester along that line also have a service to Manchester Airport via Manchester Piccadilly (which originates at Southport) and you can change at Piccadilly for London.
I can't find any other line through Manchester Victoria that doesn't also have trains to Piccadilly, or have access to another station like Wigan North Western, Leeds, Brighouse, Bradford Interchange or Preston. |
103,792 | We're planing a trip to Japan next year, and wanted to include the firefly squids of Toyama bay too. My problem is that I can't find any more information about the location/timing/possibilities besides that it's at night, probably on the eastern side of the bay and there is a museum that does cruises to which tickets sell out fast.
So here are some questions to start with:
Is it enough to get to the shore after dark, or does it need to be way into the night just like as the cruise leaves (at 3 am)?
Is it possible to see the squid from the shore or you must out on sea?
Are there other possibilities to get out or just the museum's cruise and where to find them?
Anyone got some experience with this and willing to share?
Thanks! | 2017/10/16 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/103792",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/7390/"
] | Living in Liverpool, I can't believe I missed the obvious fact the Merseyrail Northern Line trains don't go through Liverpool Lime Street - they run from Hunts Cross to either Southport or Ormskirk via Liverpool Central (and so you have to do 1 stop on the Wirral Line or walk to Lime Street). No station on this line has a normal service to London. (However, Lime Street is currently undergoing major renovation, and so London trains are terminating at Liverpool South Parkway, meaning that London with 1 connection is possible for 3 weeks only.) | You're asking for stations within the UK.
For any station in Northern Ireland, you'd need to change from train to ferry and from ferry to train. On either side, (direct) trains do not connect all the way to the ferry terminal, so that means more than one change even to reach Belfast, and more than two to reach any other destination in Northern Ireland. |
103,792 | We're planing a trip to Japan next year, and wanted to include the firefly squids of Toyama bay too. My problem is that I can't find any more information about the location/timing/possibilities besides that it's at night, probably on the eastern side of the bay and there is a museum that does cruises to which tickets sell out fast.
So here are some questions to start with:
Is it enough to get to the shore after dark, or does it need to be way into the night just like as the cruise leaves (at 3 am)?
Is it possible to see the squid from the shore or you must out on sea?
Are there other possibilities to get out or just the museum's cruise and where to find them?
Anyone got some experience with this and willing to share?
Thanks! | 2017/10/16 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/103792",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/7390/"
] | Here are a couple of candidates:
* ~~**Whitby** and other stations on the [Esk Valley Line](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esk_Valley_line). The only mainline connection to this line is Middlesbrough, which currently has no direct service to London (it is planned to begin in 2021).~~ See comment below.
* **Thornton Abbey** and other stations on the [Barton line](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barton_line). It looks like connections would be through Grimsby Town, which also has no direct London service as far as I can tell.
Incidentally, these are both in England. | You're asking for stations within the UK.
For any station in Northern Ireland, you'd need to change from train to ferry and from ferry to train. On either side, (direct) trains do not connect all the way to the ferry terminal, so that means more than one change even to reach Belfast, and more than two to reach any other destination in Northern Ireland. |
103,792 | We're planing a trip to Japan next year, and wanted to include the firefly squids of Toyama bay too. My problem is that I can't find any more information about the location/timing/possibilities besides that it's at night, probably on the eastern side of the bay and there is a museum that does cruises to which tickets sell out fast.
So here are some questions to start with:
Is it enough to get to the shore after dark, or does it need to be way into the night just like as the cruise leaves (at 3 am)?
Is it possible to see the squid from the shore or you must out on sea?
Are there other possibilities to get out or just the museum's cruise and where to find them?
Anyone got some experience with this and willing to share?
Thanks! | 2017/10/16 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/103792",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/7390/"
] | The **West Highland Line** is famously about as remote as you can get and have a direct train to London, but it qualifies *one day a week* - there is a night sleeper service to Fort William through Glasgow Queen Street, but it doesn't run on Saturday nights. Queen Street has no other direct connections to London so you'd have to make a short walk to Glasgow Central to change, and I'm guessing this would count as more than a simple change for your question.
More prosaically, trains on the [Maryhill Line](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryhill_Line) would also qualify - they only seem to serve Glasgow Queen Street. | Marlow in Buckinghamshire can only be reached via Bourne End, which can only be reached via Maidenhead - 2 changes from London Paddington.
I suspect this *could* be the nearest, about 30 miles away and less than 1 hour total journey time from London Paddington. |
12,127 | We are trying to create custom analytics reports but are not able to show any data in charts.
Below are the steps followed to create a custom report,
1. Created custom dimensions and segments.
2. Created custom filter and added rule **where the interaction started at the Home** and attached filter to segment.
3. In core db, Added **ExperienceAnalyticsLineChart Parameters** under Audience **PageSettings** and added segments and metrics.
4. In Sitecore rocks, Added Rendering **ExperienceAnalyticsLineChart** by right-clicking on Audience and adding data source as **ExperienceAnalyticsLineChart Parameters**.
5. Deployed created segment.
6. If we view the reports under `Audience`, custom reports are not showing any data other than the report title.
Please suggest to me if any configuration or steps are required to make the custom analytics report work. | 2018/06/04 | [
"https://sitecore.stackexchange.com/questions/12127",
"https://sitecore.stackexchange.com",
"https://sitecore.stackexchange.com/users/3786/"
] | Not all modules are available (yet) in the Sitecore Nuget feed. SXA for example is not there yet, and it seems like the Publishing service is also (still) missing.
For the moment, you'll need to refer your solution to the dll locally. You can always contact Sitecore (through [support](https://support.sitecore.net/helpdesk/) / [uservoice](https://sitecore.uservoice.com/) / ... ) requesting to get the Publishing service module in Nuget as well. For SXA this has been done and the team is working on it (or at least thinking about it). | SXA 4.8.0, JSS 12.0.0 and DataExchange 2.1.0 are available on MyGet for Sitecore 9.1.0 release: <https://sitecore.myget.org/gallery/sc-packages>
Also SIF (<https://sitecore.myget.org/feed/sc-powershell/package/nuget/SitecoreInstallFramework>) and SI (<https://sitecore.myget.org/gallery/sc-identity>) were published on MyGet as part of Sitecore 9.1.0 release. |
291,522 | I have a question whether you can use "meet" when you see wild animals.
Someone wants to see a wild deer and perhaps take some photographs of it. When you know a road around which deer are seen very often, can you say this sentence?
You can meet deer around the road.
I think you can go to the zoo to "meet" animals, but I am not sure if you can use "meet" when you are expecting to see wild animals like this. | 2021/07/16 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/291522",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/137905/"
] | Yes, you can use [**meet**](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/meet) to mean "encounter" or "come into the presence of", and it is sometimes used with wild animals, for example
>
> [...when I met a coyote for the first time.](https://coyoteyipps.com/2009/12/21/join-my-pack-coyote-behavior/)
>
>
>
>
> [During one of these trips, Vladimir Igorevich met a mountain lion.](https://www.google.com/books/edition/ARNOLD_Swimming_Against_the_Tide/aBWHBAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22met%20a%20mountain%20lion%22&pg=PA149&printsec=frontcover&bsq=%22met%20a%20mountain%20lion%22)
>
>
>
>
> [Yorick was working in a shed when he met a rattlesnake.](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Words_and_Intelligence_II/Ua5CAAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22met%20a%20rattlesnake%22&pg=PA22&printsec=frontcover&bsq=%22met%20a%20rattlesnake%22)
>
>
>
However, to "meet" a wild animal implies a surprise or chance encounter, and if you expect to see deer, it would be more idiomatic to say "You **may find** deer" or "You **may encounter** deer." | You can use it this way. If you explore the examples at [Webster](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/meet), you will see that "meet" has a variety of meanings. The most common sense is "to become acquainted with," but there are many more.
For example, we can say this of two streets that cross:
>
> Elm Street meets Cherry Street in two blocks.
>
>
>
The literal meaning of the following is that "this" is the place where a tire touches the pavement:
>
> This is where the rubber meets the road.
>
>
>
We tend to use it more when we mean, "This is where your hypothetical suggestion gets tested in reality."
This is a colorful way of explaining where you can board the train:
>
> You can meet the train at the station.
>
>
>
I've chosen most of these examples to illustrate that the act of meeting does not require human subjects or even a sense of awareness.
So it would be unremarkable to say,
>
> I was walking through the forest when I met a deer.
>
>
>
A child of a certain age might be amused by the idea—specifically, a child who has outgrown the notion that animals can converse with people, but who has not yet seen the word "meet" in many contexts. |
291,522 | I have a question whether you can use "meet" when you see wild animals.
Someone wants to see a wild deer and perhaps take some photographs of it. When you know a road around which deer are seen very often, can you say this sentence?
You can meet deer around the road.
I think you can go to the zoo to "meet" animals, but I am not sure if you can use "meet" when you are expecting to see wild animals like this. | 2021/07/16 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/291522",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/137905/"
] | No, it isn't normal or idiomatic to use "meet" in any of the situations you describe, including the zoo. It can be done, but it would be unusual, and it would typically only be used by a native speakers in order to create an unusual emphasis, comparison with human encounters, or irony. Part of the problem is that "meet" doesn't just mean "encounter" or "meet with," it implies being introduced to a person, having some social interaction with them, and learning to recognize their face so you will know them the next time you see them. There is an implication that the familiarization, future recognition of the individual, and social interaction are mutual, not one way. So, for example, it would be idiomatic to say:
*She told me I could use her bathroom, and while I was there I met her cat, an old tom who looked at me suspiciously but clearly didn't want to be stroked.*
It would not be normal to say:
*I sat down in the restaurant and met the waitress.*
You don't really meet the waitress. She won't remember you next time, and you don't introduce yourselves or interact socially except in a very limited way. There would have to be some other reason to use "meet:"
*I sat down in the restaurant and met the waitress. Her uniform said Amy on it. I told her I was from out of town and asked if she knew a good place to stay that was cheap. Yes, Johny, that was your grandmother.*
>
> I think you can go to the zoo to "meet" animals, ...
>
>
>
No, not really. This lacks almost all the necessary elements: familiarization, future recognition of the individual, social interaction, and mutuality.
>
> Someone wants to see a wild deer and perhaps take some photographs of it. When you know a road around which deer are seen very often,
>
>
>
... you would idiomatically say...
You can see deer on that road.
Sometimes there are deer on that road.
You might run into (encounter, meet up with, cross paths with ...) a deer on that road.
Once in a while you get deer on that road. | You can use it this way. If you explore the examples at [Webster](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/meet), you will see that "meet" has a variety of meanings. The most common sense is "to become acquainted with," but there are many more.
For example, we can say this of two streets that cross:
>
> Elm Street meets Cherry Street in two blocks.
>
>
>
The literal meaning of the following is that "this" is the place where a tire touches the pavement:
>
> This is where the rubber meets the road.
>
>
>
We tend to use it more when we mean, "This is where your hypothetical suggestion gets tested in reality."
This is a colorful way of explaining where you can board the train:
>
> You can meet the train at the station.
>
>
>
I've chosen most of these examples to illustrate that the act of meeting does not require human subjects or even a sense of awareness.
So it would be unremarkable to say,
>
> I was walking through the forest when I met a deer.
>
>
>
A child of a certain age might be amused by the idea—specifically, a child who has outgrown the notion that animals can converse with people, but who has not yet seen the word "meet" in many contexts. |
291,522 | I have a question whether you can use "meet" when you see wild animals.
Someone wants to see a wild deer and perhaps take some photographs of it. When you know a road around which deer are seen very often, can you say this sentence?
You can meet deer around the road.
I think you can go to the zoo to "meet" animals, but I am not sure if you can use "meet" when you are expecting to see wild animals like this. | 2021/07/16 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/291522",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/137905/"
] | You can use it this way. If you explore the examples at [Webster](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/meet), you will see that "meet" has a variety of meanings. The most common sense is "to become acquainted with," but there are many more.
For example, we can say this of two streets that cross:
>
> Elm Street meets Cherry Street in two blocks.
>
>
>
The literal meaning of the following is that "this" is the place where a tire touches the pavement:
>
> This is where the rubber meets the road.
>
>
>
We tend to use it more when we mean, "This is where your hypothetical suggestion gets tested in reality."
This is a colorful way of explaining where you can board the train:
>
> You can meet the train at the station.
>
>
>
I've chosen most of these examples to illustrate that the act of meeting does not require human subjects or even a sense of awareness.
So it would be unremarkable to say,
>
> I was walking through the forest when I met a deer.
>
>
>
A child of a certain age might be amused by the idea—specifically, a child who has outgrown the notion that animals can converse with people, but who has not yet seen the word "meet" in many contexts. | "What to do if you meet a bear" is so common it's almost a cliché, and "I was walking in the woods and met a deer" is also very idiomatic. In these contexts "encounter" is a direct replacement.
But it very much implies some level of interactivity, and also surprise, so it would be odd for me to hear it in reference to a zoo visit, or distant viewing of birds or wildlife. In those cases you'd use "saw" or "watched". |
291,522 | I have a question whether you can use "meet" when you see wild animals.
Someone wants to see a wild deer and perhaps take some photographs of it. When you know a road around which deer are seen very often, can you say this sentence?
You can meet deer around the road.
I think you can go to the zoo to "meet" animals, but I am not sure if you can use "meet" when you are expecting to see wild animals like this. | 2021/07/16 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/291522",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/137905/"
] | You can use it this way. If you explore the examples at [Webster](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/meet), you will see that "meet" has a variety of meanings. The most common sense is "to become acquainted with," but there are many more.
For example, we can say this of two streets that cross:
>
> Elm Street meets Cherry Street in two blocks.
>
>
>
The literal meaning of the following is that "this" is the place where a tire touches the pavement:
>
> This is where the rubber meets the road.
>
>
>
We tend to use it more when we mean, "This is where your hypothetical suggestion gets tested in reality."
This is a colorful way of explaining where you can board the train:
>
> You can meet the train at the station.
>
>
>
I've chosen most of these examples to illustrate that the act of meeting does not require human subjects or even a sense of awareness.
So it would be unremarkable to say,
>
> I was walking through the forest when I met a deer.
>
>
>
A child of a certain age might be amused by the idea—specifically, a child who has outgrown the notion that animals can converse with people, but who has not yet seen the word "meet" in many contexts. | You can "meet" pretty-much anything, including wild animals, but almost never in a zoo. There, bars and fences get in the way.
You can "meet" not only animals but also bad weather or stormy seas, avalanches or crevasses, rock-falls or simple walls.
You can go to the zoo to "see", to "look at" or to "watch" animals but because of the barriers, you would not "meet" them except, for instance, in the children's petting section, where you could play with small furry creatures without bars or fences.
There can almost never be an "expectation" of seeing wild animals like that but if you do bump into, happen upon or otherwise encounter a wild creature yes, you will "meet." |
291,522 | I have a question whether you can use "meet" when you see wild animals.
Someone wants to see a wild deer and perhaps take some photographs of it. When you know a road around which deer are seen very often, can you say this sentence?
You can meet deer around the road.
I think you can go to the zoo to "meet" animals, but I am not sure if you can use "meet" when you are expecting to see wild animals like this. | 2021/07/16 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/291522",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/137905/"
] | Yes, you can use [**meet**](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/meet) to mean "encounter" or "come into the presence of", and it is sometimes used with wild animals, for example
>
> [...when I met a coyote for the first time.](https://coyoteyipps.com/2009/12/21/join-my-pack-coyote-behavior/)
>
>
>
>
> [During one of these trips, Vladimir Igorevich met a mountain lion.](https://www.google.com/books/edition/ARNOLD_Swimming_Against_the_Tide/aBWHBAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22met%20a%20mountain%20lion%22&pg=PA149&printsec=frontcover&bsq=%22met%20a%20mountain%20lion%22)
>
>
>
>
> [Yorick was working in a shed when he met a rattlesnake.](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Words_and_Intelligence_II/Ua5CAAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22met%20a%20rattlesnake%22&pg=PA22&printsec=frontcover&bsq=%22met%20a%20rattlesnake%22)
>
>
>
However, to "meet" a wild animal implies a surprise or chance encounter, and if you expect to see deer, it would be more idiomatic to say "You **may find** deer" or "You **may encounter** deer." | "What to do if you meet a bear" is so common it's almost a cliché, and "I was walking in the woods and met a deer" is also very idiomatic. In these contexts "encounter" is a direct replacement.
But it very much implies some level of interactivity, and also surprise, so it would be odd for me to hear it in reference to a zoo visit, or distant viewing of birds or wildlife. In those cases you'd use "saw" or "watched". |
291,522 | I have a question whether you can use "meet" when you see wild animals.
Someone wants to see a wild deer and perhaps take some photographs of it. When you know a road around which deer are seen very often, can you say this sentence?
You can meet deer around the road.
I think you can go to the zoo to "meet" animals, but I am not sure if you can use "meet" when you are expecting to see wild animals like this. | 2021/07/16 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/291522",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/137905/"
] | Yes, you can use [**meet**](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/meet) to mean "encounter" or "come into the presence of", and it is sometimes used with wild animals, for example
>
> [...when I met a coyote for the first time.](https://coyoteyipps.com/2009/12/21/join-my-pack-coyote-behavior/)
>
>
>
>
> [During one of these trips, Vladimir Igorevich met a mountain lion.](https://www.google.com/books/edition/ARNOLD_Swimming_Against_the_Tide/aBWHBAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22met%20a%20mountain%20lion%22&pg=PA149&printsec=frontcover&bsq=%22met%20a%20mountain%20lion%22)
>
>
>
>
> [Yorick was working in a shed when he met a rattlesnake.](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Words_and_Intelligence_II/Ua5CAAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22met%20a%20rattlesnake%22&pg=PA22&printsec=frontcover&bsq=%22met%20a%20rattlesnake%22)
>
>
>
However, to "meet" a wild animal implies a surprise or chance encounter, and if you expect to see deer, it would be more idiomatic to say "You **may find** deer" or "You **may encounter** deer." | You can "meet" pretty-much anything, including wild animals, but almost never in a zoo. There, bars and fences get in the way.
You can "meet" not only animals but also bad weather or stormy seas, avalanches or crevasses, rock-falls or simple walls.
You can go to the zoo to "see", to "look at" or to "watch" animals but because of the barriers, you would not "meet" them except, for instance, in the children's petting section, where you could play with small furry creatures without bars or fences.
There can almost never be an "expectation" of seeing wild animals like that but if you do bump into, happen upon or otherwise encounter a wild creature yes, you will "meet." |
291,522 | I have a question whether you can use "meet" when you see wild animals.
Someone wants to see a wild deer and perhaps take some photographs of it. When you know a road around which deer are seen very often, can you say this sentence?
You can meet deer around the road.
I think you can go to the zoo to "meet" animals, but I am not sure if you can use "meet" when you are expecting to see wild animals like this. | 2021/07/16 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/291522",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/137905/"
] | No, it isn't normal or idiomatic to use "meet" in any of the situations you describe, including the zoo. It can be done, but it would be unusual, and it would typically only be used by a native speakers in order to create an unusual emphasis, comparison with human encounters, or irony. Part of the problem is that "meet" doesn't just mean "encounter" or "meet with," it implies being introduced to a person, having some social interaction with them, and learning to recognize their face so you will know them the next time you see them. There is an implication that the familiarization, future recognition of the individual, and social interaction are mutual, not one way. So, for example, it would be idiomatic to say:
*She told me I could use her bathroom, and while I was there I met her cat, an old tom who looked at me suspiciously but clearly didn't want to be stroked.*
It would not be normal to say:
*I sat down in the restaurant and met the waitress.*
You don't really meet the waitress. She won't remember you next time, and you don't introduce yourselves or interact socially except in a very limited way. There would have to be some other reason to use "meet:"
*I sat down in the restaurant and met the waitress. Her uniform said Amy on it. I told her I was from out of town and asked if she knew a good place to stay that was cheap. Yes, Johny, that was your grandmother.*
>
> I think you can go to the zoo to "meet" animals, ...
>
>
>
No, not really. This lacks almost all the necessary elements: familiarization, future recognition of the individual, social interaction, and mutuality.
>
> Someone wants to see a wild deer and perhaps take some photographs of it. When you know a road around which deer are seen very often,
>
>
>
... you would idiomatically say...
You can see deer on that road.
Sometimes there are deer on that road.
You might run into (encounter, meet up with, cross paths with ...) a deer on that road.
Once in a while you get deer on that road. | "What to do if you meet a bear" is so common it's almost a cliché, and "I was walking in the woods and met a deer" is also very idiomatic. In these contexts "encounter" is a direct replacement.
But it very much implies some level of interactivity, and also surprise, so it would be odd for me to hear it in reference to a zoo visit, or distant viewing of birds or wildlife. In those cases you'd use "saw" or "watched". |
291,522 | I have a question whether you can use "meet" when you see wild animals.
Someone wants to see a wild deer and perhaps take some photographs of it. When you know a road around which deer are seen very often, can you say this sentence?
You can meet deer around the road.
I think you can go to the zoo to "meet" animals, but I am not sure if you can use "meet" when you are expecting to see wild animals like this. | 2021/07/16 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/291522",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/137905/"
] | No, it isn't normal or idiomatic to use "meet" in any of the situations you describe, including the zoo. It can be done, but it would be unusual, and it would typically only be used by a native speakers in order to create an unusual emphasis, comparison with human encounters, or irony. Part of the problem is that "meet" doesn't just mean "encounter" or "meet with," it implies being introduced to a person, having some social interaction with them, and learning to recognize their face so you will know them the next time you see them. There is an implication that the familiarization, future recognition of the individual, and social interaction are mutual, not one way. So, for example, it would be idiomatic to say:
*She told me I could use her bathroom, and while I was there I met her cat, an old tom who looked at me suspiciously but clearly didn't want to be stroked.*
It would not be normal to say:
*I sat down in the restaurant and met the waitress.*
You don't really meet the waitress. She won't remember you next time, and you don't introduce yourselves or interact socially except in a very limited way. There would have to be some other reason to use "meet:"
*I sat down in the restaurant and met the waitress. Her uniform said Amy on it. I told her I was from out of town and asked if she knew a good place to stay that was cheap. Yes, Johny, that was your grandmother.*
>
> I think you can go to the zoo to "meet" animals, ...
>
>
>
No, not really. This lacks almost all the necessary elements: familiarization, future recognition of the individual, social interaction, and mutuality.
>
> Someone wants to see a wild deer and perhaps take some photographs of it. When you know a road around which deer are seen very often,
>
>
>
... you would idiomatically say...
You can see deer on that road.
Sometimes there are deer on that road.
You might run into (encounter, meet up with, cross paths with ...) a deer on that road.
Once in a while you get deer on that road. | You can "meet" pretty-much anything, including wild animals, but almost never in a zoo. There, bars and fences get in the way.
You can "meet" not only animals but also bad weather or stormy seas, avalanches or crevasses, rock-falls or simple walls.
You can go to the zoo to "see", to "look at" or to "watch" animals but because of the barriers, you would not "meet" them except, for instance, in the children's petting section, where you could play with small furry creatures without bars or fences.
There can almost never be an "expectation" of seeing wild animals like that but if you do bump into, happen upon or otherwise encounter a wild creature yes, you will "meet." |
291,522 | I have a question whether you can use "meet" when you see wild animals.
Someone wants to see a wild deer and perhaps take some photographs of it. When you know a road around which deer are seen very often, can you say this sentence?
You can meet deer around the road.
I think you can go to the zoo to "meet" animals, but I am not sure if you can use "meet" when you are expecting to see wild animals like this. | 2021/07/16 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/291522",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/137905/"
] | "What to do if you meet a bear" is so common it's almost a cliché, and "I was walking in the woods and met a deer" is also very idiomatic. In these contexts "encounter" is a direct replacement.
But it very much implies some level of interactivity, and also surprise, so it would be odd for me to hear it in reference to a zoo visit, or distant viewing of birds or wildlife. In those cases you'd use "saw" or "watched". | You can "meet" pretty-much anything, including wild animals, but almost never in a zoo. There, bars and fences get in the way.
You can "meet" not only animals but also bad weather or stormy seas, avalanches or crevasses, rock-falls or simple walls.
You can go to the zoo to "see", to "look at" or to "watch" animals but because of the barriers, you would not "meet" them except, for instance, in the children's petting section, where you could play with small furry creatures without bars or fences.
There can almost never be an "expectation" of seeing wild animals like that but if you do bump into, happen upon or otherwise encounter a wild creature yes, you will "meet." |
46,356,704 | I want uniformity across Western and Asian fonts because I have to type multilingual documents.
This happens in other Office programs as well:
1. In PowerPoint, it automatically switches to Yu Gothic Light.
2. In Excel, it's Microsoft Yahei, but it displays as Calibri.
This doesn't happen when I'm typing Japanese in other applications, including my web browser, and even Notepad, so I'm certain it's an Office issue.
I've searched all over the internet for solutions and none of them have solved the problem. | 2017/09/22 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/46356704",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/7271141/"
] | Please remove the "AttributesToGet" and try. | Your code is correct. However, I am on the Cognito team and we don't support search on custom attributes at this point. |
983,762 | I'm looking for a good, fully featured C++ assert macro for VisualStudio. With features like be able to ignore an assert once or always, to be able to break exactly where the macro gets called (and not inside macro code), and getting a stack trace.
Before I have to hunker down and write one, I figured I'd ask if anyone knows about any available ones out there.
Any suggestions?
Thanks! | 2009/06/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/983762",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/93802/"
] | Here's a link to an article I wrote for DDJ that described, among other things, a library that does much of what you're looking for. Although I don't just use macros, I also implement functions in a DLL.
<http://www.ddj.com/architect/184406106>
The article from a few years ago and, although I have made many additions, I still use it very liberally in my everyday code. | [OpenOffice has some assertion code](http://www.krugle.org/kse/entfiles/framework/openoffice.org/head/framework/framework/inc/macros/debug/assertion.hxx#2) that has an option of logging to a message box. Probably not exactly what you want, but instructive maybe? |
983,762 | I'm looking for a good, fully featured C++ assert macro for VisualStudio. With features like be able to ignore an assert once or always, to be able to break exactly where the macro gets called (and not inside macro code), and getting a stack trace.
Before I have to hunker down and write one, I figured I'd ask if anyone knows about any available ones out there.
Any suggestions?
Thanks! | 2009/06/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/983762",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/93802/"
] | See [Charles Nicholson's blog](http://cnicholson.net/2009/02/stupid-c-tricks-adventures-in-assert/) for a good discussion of an `assert` macro. His solution breaks the debugger at the faulting line of code (and not inside the failed assertion handler), and he also solves the problem of not getting warnings about unused variables when assertions are disabled without incurring any runtime costs. | [OpenOffice has some assertion code](http://www.krugle.org/kse/entfiles/framework/openoffice.org/head/framework/framework/inc/macros/debug/assertion.hxx#2) that has an option of logging to a message box. Probably not exactly what you want, but instructive maybe? |
983,762 | I'm looking for a good, fully featured C++ assert macro for VisualStudio. With features like be able to ignore an assert once or always, to be able to break exactly where the macro gets called (and not inside macro code), and getting a stack trace.
Before I have to hunker down and write one, I figured I'd ask if anyone knows about any available ones out there.
Any suggestions?
Thanks! | 2009/06/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/983762",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/93802/"
] | See [Charles Nicholson's blog](http://cnicholson.net/2009/02/stupid-c-tricks-adventures-in-assert/) for a good discussion of an `assert` macro. His solution breaks the debugger at the faulting line of code (and not inside the failed assertion handler), and he also solves the problem of not getting warnings about unused variables when assertions are disabled without incurring any runtime costs. | Here's a link to an article I wrote for DDJ that described, among other things, a library that does much of what you're looking for. Although I don't just use macros, I also implement functions in a DLL.
<http://www.ddj.com/architect/184406106>
The article from a few years ago and, although I have made many additions, I still use it very liberally in my everyday code. |
5,883 | In the days of mainframes and minicomputers, a common user interface was a serial terminal where each keystroke was sent to the computer, which could respond with an update to the contents of the screen.
At some point, IBM at least - maybe also other manufacturers - invented smart terminals, which had enough processing power to handle user interaction to the extent of filling out an entire form; only when that was done, did the contents get sent to the computer. This increased the number of concurrent users a computer could handle.
It seems to me that a smart terminal would need a microprocessor, so I would expect them to start showing up in the early seventies, but I'm prepared to be corrected.
When did they arrive on the scene? | 2018/03/05 | [
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/5883",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/users/4274/"
] | Arguably the prototypical smart terminal was the IBM 3270. According to this link [IBM History](http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/dpd50/dpd50_chronology4.html) the 3270 was first demonstrated on May 23, 1971. While the Intel 4004 was shipping already at that time, the 3270 didn't use it - and the 4004 really wasn't powerful enough to run a terminal like the 3270. | A typical video display terminal includes a means of taking received bytes and storing them into a buffer while the contents of that buffer are being repeatedly read out and used to drive a CRT (typically by generating an associated sequence of pixels). Although typically the only things sent to a remote device would be characters typed on the keyboard, as they are typed, a terminal may include a means of sending the character at the cursor position to a remote device and advancing the cursor. This does not require very sophisticated hardware.
One such device I've used (probably in the late 1970s, though it may have been built before that) was connected to the on-line library cataloging system (OCLC--I forget exactly what words that stood for). During normal operation, typed characters would be sent to the display. Pushing SEND would lock out the keyboard, home the cursor, wait for a polling signal, and then start characters off the display and sending them until an end-of-transmission character was reached. The system would then await a response from the remote system and send it to the display, after which it would unlock the keyboard.
While such devices could have used a microprocessor or small computer to drive it, they could also be built without them. Such devices fell somewhere between what would typically be called "dumb terminals" and what would typically have been called "smart terminals".
Note also, btw, that terminals which included some form of buffering (but no other intelligence) could have relatively unsophisticated computers to be shared more efficiently than terminals which didn't. Some computer systems like the HP-2000 had a front-end which would buffer lines of data from dumb terminals and then send entire lines to the main computer at its convenience, but the front end necessary to interface a bunch of terminals was a computer almost as big as the "main" one. Terminals which included their own buffering could eliminate the need for such a front end. |
5,883 | In the days of mainframes and minicomputers, a common user interface was a serial terminal where each keystroke was sent to the computer, which could respond with an update to the contents of the screen.
At some point, IBM at least - maybe also other manufacturers - invented smart terminals, which had enough processing power to handle user interaction to the extent of filling out an entire form; only when that was done, did the contents get sent to the computer. This increased the number of concurrent users a computer could handle.
It seems to me that a smart terminal would need a microprocessor, so I would expect them to start showing up in the early seventies, but I'm prepared to be corrected.
When did they arrive on the scene? | 2018/03/05 | [
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/5883",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/users/4274/"
] | Arguably the prototypical smart terminal was the IBM 3270. According to this link [IBM History](http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/dpd50/dpd50_chronology4.html) the 3270 was first demonstrated on May 23, 1971. While the Intel 4004 was shipping already at that time, the 3270 didn't use it - and the 4004 really wasn't powerful enough to run a terminal like the 3270. | 1970s - as pointed out above, 1971 was the advent of the IBM 3270, which I think qualifies as what you are asking.
But you are still making assumptions about how things work which is leading you to wonder something that isn't quite true - i.e., didn't they need a microprocessor?
3270 terminals had some intelligence in the terminal itself, but they were connected (meaning multiple ones) to a box called a 3270 controller. That is where the real processing took place.
It's really interesting to go back and look at the architecture of the old IBM mainframes, especially System/370. The mainframe itself was focused on computing as much as possible, and tasks like IO were intentionally offloaded from the CPU as much as possible. That architecture had one or two 'channel controllers', which actually did burst IO work inside the mainframe box. So, the 3270 terminal did what it could locally; a lot of the real work was done in the 3270 controller, which aggregated a number of 3270s, and that controller received and sent data in a very bursty way from the channel controllers, which then put data in/out of the memory for the CPU. |
5,883 | In the days of mainframes and minicomputers, a common user interface was a serial terminal where each keystroke was sent to the computer, which could respond with an update to the contents of the screen.
At some point, IBM at least - maybe also other manufacturers - invented smart terminals, which had enough processing power to handle user interaction to the extent of filling out an entire form; only when that was done, did the contents get sent to the computer. This increased the number of concurrent users a computer could handle.
It seems to me that a smart terminal would need a microprocessor, so I would expect them to start showing up in the early seventies, but I'm prepared to be corrected.
When did they arrive on the scene? | 2018/03/05 | [
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/5883",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/users/4274/"
] | Arguably the prototypical smart terminal was the IBM 3270. According to this link [IBM History](http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/dpd50/dpd50_chronology4.html) the 3270 was first demonstrated on May 23, 1971. While the Intel 4004 was shipping already at that time, the 3270 didn't use it - and the 4004 really wasn't powerful enough to run a terminal like the 3270. | The SABRE reservation system introduced 'smart' terminals, or at least semi-smart, block mode terminals (like 3270, but ALC bisync multidrop protocol) such as the Sperry Unimatic in the mid to late 60s. One could argue as well that the operator console of SABREs progenitor, the SAGE early warning system, is a smart-terminal ancestor based on vector displays in the late 50s/early 60s.
GE had a "Data Editing Display" terminal in 1964. There's not a lot of info, but it supposedly was an early block mode terminal with some local smarts: [marketing slick](http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ge/terminals/GE_Data_Editing_Display_Dec64.pdf%20%22here%22.). GE also made ALC reservation terminals in this timeframe.
The Tektronix 4002 came out in 1969, I think, and was *really* smart for the time because it was a vector display that required a lot of smarts to run. But it used all it's smarts to paint the screen; it wasn't block mode or otherwise what we'd think of as a 'smart terminal' later on. More like the SAGE console. It evolved into the famous Tek 4010.
My personal fav, the Tek 4207, came along in 1986. Would love to find one...or better a 4209. Ah, well.
Just goes to show...some things are hard to define. |
657,802 | I have googled, the closest thing I have found so far is another SF question here: [Azure Storage limitations](https://serverfault.com/questions/512725/azure-storage-limitations)
The Goal:
Move approx 50TB of storage to the cloud, present that storage as a standard Windows File Share and have it relatively easily extended as it continues to grow.
The Problem:
It appears that a single VHD can only be 1TB in size, which is no good obviously.
I don't suppose anyone here hasa solution that they could offer?
Thank you for reading,
Xavier. | 2015/01/07 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/657802",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/219400/"
] | Try to investigate Microsoft DFS namespaces and start segregating data within Azure - I've done a similar project. Where by you add a small separate VHD then mount further 1TB VHD's as mount points under the first drive e.g.
100GB disk Mount as D:
Then the Nth 1TB VHD would mount under D:\Disk1 ... D:\Disk50 then with DFS namespaces you can share out the data e.g. \DOMAIN\SHARES\Finance would map to \NEWFILESERVER\DISK43$\Finance etc.
Not the most ideal but will work within the current technical limits of Azure.
I hope I've explained it enough to get you started - feel free to get in touch if you need any more help.
Good luck uploading 50TB it might be worth considering if storing this data in Azure is more cost effective than storing it in offices but increasing the WAN/Internet Links. That said you wouldn't have to worry about new hardware etc then. The above solution would scale quite well I'd imagine. | [Azure File Service](http://blogs.msdn.com/b/windowsazurestorage/archive/2014/05/12/introducing-microsoft-azure-file-service.aspx) may be useful to you. Also as HBrujn notes above, 1TB is much more than 50GB you are looking for. |
657,802 | I have googled, the closest thing I have found so far is another SF question here: [Azure Storage limitations](https://serverfault.com/questions/512725/azure-storage-limitations)
The Goal:
Move approx 50TB of storage to the cloud, present that storage as a standard Windows File Share and have it relatively easily extended as it continues to grow.
The Problem:
It appears that a single VHD can only be 1TB in size, which is no good obviously.
I don't suppose anyone here hasa solution that they could offer?
Thank you for reading,
Xavier. | 2015/01/07 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/657802",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/219400/"
] | Try to investigate Microsoft DFS namespaces and start segregating data within Azure - I've done a similar project. Where by you add a small separate VHD then mount further 1TB VHD's as mount points under the first drive e.g.
100GB disk Mount as D:
Then the Nth 1TB VHD would mount under D:\Disk1 ... D:\Disk50 then with DFS namespaces you can share out the data e.g. \DOMAIN\SHARES\Finance would map to \NEWFILESERVER\DISK43$\Finance etc.
Not the most ideal but will work within the current technical limits of Azure.
I hope I've explained it enough to get you started - feel free to get in touch if you need any more help.
Good luck uploading 50TB it might be worth considering if storing this data in Azure is more cost effective than storing it in offices but increasing the WAN/Internet Links. That said you wouldn't have to worry about new hardware etc then. The above solution would scale quite well I'd imagine. | Azure File Storage service allows you to create file-shares up to 5TB in size, with each file being up to 1TB. This is effectively an SMB volume, with an underlying REST API. You can access this share from both Azure resources and on-premises resources.
Since you're dealing with 50TB, you'd need to create multiple File Service volumes. Azure Storage does support up to 500TB per storage account, but not as a single file share. You *can* upload files into discrete blobs, allowing for you to have access to the full 500TB, but this won't provide an SMB interface; instead, you'd have to rely on either the language-specific sdk of your choice (.net, java, python, node, ruby, php), or direct REST calls to work with these discrete objects.
As for moving content to the cloud, you can either do that with your own app (once connected to the file share) or use a tool such as AzCopy, which now supports File Service as a source/destination. See [this article](http://blogs.msdn.com/b/windowsazurestorage/archive/2014/05/12/introducing-microsoft-azure-file-service.aspx) that mentions AzCopy and how you'd use it to transfer to file Service. |
37,898,857 | I have the following tables:
* products
* companies
* purchases (has one company, has many products)
I need to be able to create invoices based on the above 3 tables.
The problem I'm facing is that **since the products are editable one could change the price, thus making the invoice invalid: the price of the product is no longer the same price when the purchase happened**
I thought about storing the total price on the purchase table (this would allow me to get a total price of the purchase), but I need to display more granular data on the invoice, on a per product basis.
The same problem happens with linking companies to purchases. If I need to store the invoices on a table, the invoice will always reflect the most current data, which is not ideal. Editing products would change every stored invoice that relates to a particular product that was edited.
Yet a third problem arises when it comes to making reports based on multiple measures that are all stored in different tables. I can never make an accurate report for a point in time if I keep updating related tables.
Really what I need is "time travel" I think. I've considered a few options:
* Create a "snapshot" table for each table, with the same schema etc. These snapshot tables would be then linked to the tables I need to use for reporting, invoicing and such.
* The above but using the same tables. Any row with a parent\_id would be a snapshot.
* When editing products, create new products instead, and keep the original untouched.
This last one seems the worst solution. What is this problem called that I'm facing in general terms? How can I go about it?
\*\*by "linking" I mean setting up relationships using foreign keys. | 2016/06/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/37898857",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2810177/"
] | The way to solve this is very simple, I deal with prices , products and invoices everyday.
Create a product\_price table, where you store product id, current price, and dates that let you check the time period when each price was valid. So you will have a one product to many prices, each of one reflecting validity dates. That way on the table that stores invoices instead of inserting the product id, insert product\_id\_price.
The same goes to any attribute of the product itself, register changes on the basis of validity.
When reporting, you will be able to relate product and valid price at the moment of purchase based on the product\_id\_price, or whatever attribute.
The need of dates in the product price table obeys to the need to repor historical evolution of prices or any attribute.
If your products dramatically change over time, consider the business logic before modelling data. Data must reflect the business logic. Having said that, I recommend, and I use it, create an overarching family table that parents each product, for example FORD FOCUS parents the different sku's that holds the name Ford Focus, but differ in some attributes. | Just create a new column in the purchasing table called PurchaseSnapshot and insert all necessary values that have the potential of changing in the future. Not sure what your UI is like, but you could change the code to go off the snapshot values (price) rather easily, or you could load the snapshot info into a simple textbox and use as reference |
37,898,857 | I have the following tables:
* products
* companies
* purchases (has one company, has many products)
I need to be able to create invoices based on the above 3 tables.
The problem I'm facing is that **since the products are editable one could change the price, thus making the invoice invalid: the price of the product is no longer the same price when the purchase happened**
I thought about storing the total price on the purchase table (this would allow me to get a total price of the purchase), but I need to display more granular data on the invoice, on a per product basis.
The same problem happens with linking companies to purchases. If I need to store the invoices on a table, the invoice will always reflect the most current data, which is not ideal. Editing products would change every stored invoice that relates to a particular product that was edited.
Yet a third problem arises when it comes to making reports based on multiple measures that are all stored in different tables. I can never make an accurate report for a point in time if I keep updating related tables.
Really what I need is "time travel" I think. I've considered a few options:
* Create a "snapshot" table for each table, with the same schema etc. These snapshot tables would be then linked to the tables I need to use for reporting, invoicing and such.
* The above but using the same tables. Any row with a parent\_id would be a snapshot.
* When editing products, create new products instead, and keep the original untouched.
This last one seems the worst solution. What is this problem called that I'm facing in general terms? How can I go about it?
\*\*by "linking" I mean setting up relationships using foreign keys. | 2016/06/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/37898857",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2810177/"
] | The way to solve this is very simple, I deal with prices , products and invoices everyday.
Create a product\_price table, where you store product id, current price, and dates that let you check the time period when each price was valid. So you will have a one product to many prices, each of one reflecting validity dates. That way on the table that stores invoices instead of inserting the product id, insert product\_id\_price.
The same goes to any attribute of the product itself, register changes on the basis of validity.
When reporting, you will be able to relate product and valid price at the moment of purchase based on the product\_id\_price, or whatever attribute.
The need of dates in the product price table obeys to the need to repor historical evolution of prices or any attribute.
If your products dramatically change over time, consider the business logic before modelling data. Data must reflect the business logic. Having said that, I recommend, and I use it, create an overarching family table that parents each product, for example FORD FOCUS parents the different sku's that holds the name Ford Focus, but differ in some attributes. | It sounds like what you want to do is version some of your data. The details of versioning is much too long to try to provide in a simple answer. [Here](https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/114580/best-way-to-design-a-database-and-table-to-keep-records-of-changes/114738#114738) is an answer I gave to a similar question which contains a link to a slide presentation I made which contains details of how to design the tables and write the queries to retrieve the data.
The listed advantages of this method is that the past and current data (and future data, if used) reside in the same tables so the same query is used to look at the data at some time in the past or the data as it is in the present. Also, referential integrity works the same with versioned data as non-versioned. The lack of foreign keys to versioned data has always been a real show-stopper for versioning.
See if this will work for you. |
57,269 | I've a Google document and it has one header throughout. On a couple of the pages I want to use a different header and footer. For instance:
* pages 1-14 I want **Header + Footer A**
* pages 15-20 I want **Header + Footer B**
* pages 21-30 I want **Header + Footer A**
or for instance:
* page 1 I want NO header or Footer
* pages 2-14 I want **Header + Footer A**
Is this possible to do in one document? | 2014/02/20 | [
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/57269",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/21773/"
] | From the [Google Drive Help documentation](https://support.google.com/drive/answer/86629?hl=en):
>
> Deleting a single header or footer will delete all headers/footers on each page of your document, just as editing the text in a single header or footer will change the text in the header/footer on each page of the document.
>
>
>
Also, from this [Google Forum Question](https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/docs/RAlw_h8pYMU), the feature you're asking for, has been requested for a number of people.
Its last answer is less than a day ago, and this feature hasn't been implemented yet, and there's no information about when or if it's going to be implemented soon. | In my experience, I would like to have the header/footer on only one page, but since this feature is not yet added, I have to say that you cannot have a header/footer on only one page, but if you press different header/footer on the first page, you can have a different header/footer for 2-infinity. |
57,269 | I've a Google document and it has one header throughout. On a couple of the pages I want to use a different header and footer. For instance:
* pages 1-14 I want **Header + Footer A**
* pages 15-20 I want **Header + Footer B**
* pages 21-30 I want **Header + Footer A**
or for instance:
* page 1 I want NO header or Footer
* pages 2-14 I want **Header + Footer A**
Is this possible to do in one document? | 2014/02/20 | [
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/57269",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/21773/"
] | From the [Google Drive Help documentation](https://support.google.com/drive/answer/86629?hl=en):
>
> Deleting a single header or footer will delete all headers/footers on each page of your document, just as editing the text in a single header or footer will change the text in the header/footer on each page of the document.
>
>
>
Also, from this [Google Forum Question](https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/docs/RAlw_h8pYMU), the feature you're asking for, has been requested for a number of people.
Its last answer is less than a day ago, and this feature hasn't been implemented yet, and there's no information about when or if it's going to be implemented soon. | You can only do make the first page different. But you can make it work by inserting a table at the top or bottom of each page where you want it to be different. It's a workaround, but it works. Just make a sufficient top margin and start your page off with a textbox/table. Copy and paste it on all similar pages and then paste a different one where needed.
Not as easy as Word. But works for now. |
57,269 | I've a Google document and it has one header throughout. On a couple of the pages I want to use a different header and footer. For instance:
* pages 1-14 I want **Header + Footer A**
* pages 15-20 I want **Header + Footer B**
* pages 21-30 I want **Header + Footer A**
or for instance:
* page 1 I want NO header or Footer
* pages 2-14 I want **Header + Footer A**
Is this possible to do in one document? | 2014/02/20 | [
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/57269",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/21773/"
] | You can only do make the first page different. But you can make it work by inserting a table at the top or bottom of each page where you want it to be different. It's a workaround, but it works. Just make a sufficient top margin and start your page off with a textbox/table. Copy and paste it on all similar pages and then paste a different one where needed.
Not as easy as Word. But works for now. | In my experience, I would like to have the header/footer on only one page, but since this feature is not yet added, I have to say that you cannot have a header/footer on only one page, but if you press different header/footer on the first page, you can have a different header/footer for 2-infinity. |
84,811 | Tor is fully secure only if I use HTTPS, right? But not every site supports it, so I had an idea - some online anonymizers support HTTPS, so if I connect via Tor (Tor -> anonymyzer -> site), will that be the same? | 2015/03/29 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/84811",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/69939/"
] | In that case the connection between anonymizer and webserver would be just as unencrypted as the connection between exit node and webserver. It would still be possible to eavesdrop on it.
All you get from this is that you get an additional layer in your onion circuit (the outer layer is the https connection between you and the anonymizer) and that you shift your trust-relation from your exit-node to the anonymizer service.
There is simply no way to communicate fully-encrypted with a communication-partner who doesn't support encryption. No matter what you do, the last hop must always be unencrypted in that case. | You should use something like that: <https://www.eff.org/https-everywhere> It's created in colloboration with Tor developers, so you can rely on that if you already decided to trust Tor itself.
**Edited:**
My bad. Yes, SSL Everywhere addon won't provide you secure connection in case the target website doesn't support SSL at all, thanks to **raz** for pointing this out.
Then some free vpn service will probably be the most affordable and easy to use solution - <http://www.vpnbook.com/freevpn> or <http://www.vpngate.net/en/>, to name a few. You can force your vpn connection to be established on top of tor's connection. Please see this link for clarification: <https://airvpn.org/tor/>. They also offer custom vpn client able to do the trick out of the box.
There how to configure this in linux (haven't found anything for ms windows): <https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Tunnel_Proxy_or_SSH_or_VPN_through_Tor> |
84,811 | Tor is fully secure only if I use HTTPS, right? But not every site supports it, so I had an idea - some online anonymizers support HTTPS, so if I connect via Tor (Tor -> anonymyzer -> site), will that be the same? | 2015/03/29 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/84811",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/69939/"
] | No and No to both of your questions. In reference to your first question google TOR DNS leak just as an example. While this is simply an example a good question to pose to yourself is "how secure is acceptable?"
In reference to your second question, in this situation you would simply moving one end-point of the encrypted traffic from your computer to a third-party computer. While this would encrypt your traffic over the TOR network it inherently places someone in the middle of your traffic with full access to unencrypted data. | You should use something like that: <https://www.eff.org/https-everywhere> It's created in colloboration with Tor developers, so you can rely on that if you already decided to trust Tor itself.
**Edited:**
My bad. Yes, SSL Everywhere addon won't provide you secure connection in case the target website doesn't support SSL at all, thanks to **raz** for pointing this out.
Then some free vpn service will probably be the most affordable and easy to use solution - <http://www.vpnbook.com/freevpn> or <http://www.vpngate.net/en/>, to name a few. You can force your vpn connection to be established on top of tor's connection. Please see this link for clarification: <https://airvpn.org/tor/>. They also offer custom vpn client able to do the trick out of the box.
There how to configure this in linux (haven't found anything for ms windows): <https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Tunnel_Proxy_or_SSH_or_VPN_through_Tor> |
84,811 | Tor is fully secure only if I use HTTPS, right? But not every site supports it, so I had an idea - some online anonymizers support HTTPS, so if I connect via Tor (Tor -> anonymyzer -> site), will that be the same? | 2015/03/29 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/84811",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/69939/"
] | In that case the connection between anonymizer and webserver would be just as unencrypted as the connection between exit node and webserver. It would still be possible to eavesdrop on it.
All you get from this is that you get an additional layer in your onion circuit (the outer layer is the https connection between you and the anonymizer) and that you shift your trust-relation from your exit-node to the anonymizer service.
There is simply no way to communicate fully-encrypted with a communication-partner who doesn't support encryption. No matter what you do, the last hop must always be unencrypted in that case. | No and No to both of your questions. In reference to your first question google TOR DNS leak just as an example. While this is simply an example a good question to pose to yourself is "how secure is acceptable?"
In reference to your second question, in this situation you would simply moving one end-point of the encrypted traffic from your computer to a third-party computer. While this would encrypt your traffic over the TOR network it inherently places someone in the middle of your traffic with full access to unencrypted data. |
40,473 | In the case that storage is not a problem: are there actually any good reasons for doing incremental backups instead of just doing full backups?
**Edit**
This could actually refer to any database with full & incremental backups. In this case we use a Progress OpenEdge RDBMS with support for both backup plans as well as real time transactional log archiving. Apart from that I don't think the question must relate to a single vendor. The choice of full/incremental backup can apply to lots of different database engines. | 2013/04/19 | [
"https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/40473",
"https://dba.stackexchange.com",
"https://dba.stackexchange.com/users/22794/"
] | Time for the backup to run is a reason for doing incremental backup on Progress. My backup is running fast enough that I did not need to use this function and I'm still doing only full backups.
It also depends on your requirements. For example, if you have heavy financial transactions and you want to keep a backup every hour or something like that, you would need to do incremental (or real time).
But unless you have something forcing you to do incremental, I would do full backup, I find that easier to restore.
In terms of performance impact, if you have a fast disk array, I haven't seen much impact of doing a backup even during moderately heavy usage. Obviously it depends also on the size of your system. I'm talking about a 37Gb DB. | If space is not a problem, time can be. An incremental backup will usually take less time than a full backup. Many DBAs do not have maintenance windows long enough to do full backups during the week (if the full one takes a couple of hours for example) and have to resort to incremental backup every night.
If you want to know more about backups and restore operations (and working with Sql Server), you could do much worse than have a look at the book by by Shawn McGehee, [SQL Server Backup and Restore](http://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/books/89519/).
If both time and space are of little concern for you, you can go on with the easiest maintenance plan, consisting of only full backups (with or without transaction log backups). It very much depends on amount of data you have, the duration of your maintenance window and your SLA ([service level agreement](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service-level_agreement)) if you have one. |
40,473 | In the case that storage is not a problem: are there actually any good reasons for doing incremental backups instead of just doing full backups?
**Edit**
This could actually refer to any database with full & incremental backups. In this case we use a Progress OpenEdge RDBMS with support for both backup plans as well as real time transactional log archiving. Apart from that I don't think the question must relate to a single vendor. The choice of full/incremental backup can apply to lots of different database engines. | 2013/04/19 | [
"https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/40473",
"https://dba.stackexchange.com",
"https://dba.stackexchange.com/users/22794/"
] | Time for the backup to run is a reason for doing incremental backup on Progress. My backup is running fast enough that I did not need to use this function and I'm still doing only full backups.
It also depends on your requirements. For example, if you have heavy financial transactions and you want to keep a backup every hour or something like that, you would need to do incremental (or real time).
But unless you have something forcing you to do incremental, I would do full backup, I find that easier to restore.
In terms of performance impact, if you have a fast disk array, I haven't seen much impact of doing a backup even during moderately heavy usage. Obviously it depends also on the size of your system. I'm talking about a 37Gb DB. | What RDBMS are you refering to ? MS SQL Server does not have "Incremental backup". It just have full, differential and transaction Log backups.
You can equate (loosly) transaction Log backups as Incremental backup as it will require a FULL backup and all the increments (which are nothing but
transaction backups) until the point-in-time failure.
Differential backup works differently, as you only need a FULL backup and the last differential backup and the database can be brought to the point
when the differential backup was taken. After that you have to restore T-log backups, so that a point-in-time recovery can be performed.
Considering above facts, most DBA's or server admins prefer Full backups and subsequent Incremetal backup (T-log backups) to
a. conserve disk space
b. Time required will be less as compared to restoring a FULL backup.
Note that, the recovery model (e.g. BULK LOGGED, SIMPLE, FULL) also plays important role when you go for T-log backups (Obvisously, SIMPLE recovery
is out of picture when it comes to taking T-log backups).
The only problem with Incremental (T-log) backups is that if you loose any of those, the database can only be restored to the last unbroken log chain.
Imagine someone deleting files, etc. Also managing them is an extra overhead as well. |
281,006 | Any resources on what might've changed in API 37 that wasn't present in 36 that could be causing the issue I'm seeing?
If I update every other apex class in my org to 46 and leave the test class at 36, the test passes. If I bump the test class to 37, the test class fails.
We're essentially testing our email services apex class that checks for certain domains of where the email is coming from against a distributor email list (which is in a custom setting) and then forwards that email to the distributor and doesn't save the email in SF and doesn't create a case.
At the end of test class we query cases, emails, and tasks to confirm there's 0 records as the passed in email and envelope to the apex class should match a distributor email we created and we don't save the email message (just forward it along).
The test class, however finds email message records (but finds no case or task) which fails the assert.
What I found to be the issue, is in how we're forwarding the email to the distributor in the main code. We're not setting .setSaveAsActivity at all (so the default is true) and it seems like it now saves as an emailMessage record in API 37 and beyond whereas it did not in 36. I'm just trying to figure out if there's any documentation noting this? This only applies when messing with the API of the test class instead of the API of the main code which is part of my confusion as well.
If I add setSaveAsActivity(false) to the code snippet that forwards the email to the distributor, the test passes and no emailMessages are created in Salesforce. | 2019/10/11 | [
"https://salesforce.stackexchange.com/questions/281006",
"https://salesforce.stackexchange.com",
"https://salesforce.stackexchange.com/users/72832/"
] | It seems [Enhanced Email](https://releasenotes.docs.salesforce.com/en-us/summer16/release-notes/rn_sales_productivity_email_platform_features.htm) was introduced in API 37 which is what's causing the issue. Before that, the emails we forwarded in the code did not create an emailMessage record. Now, they do as the set **setSaveAsActivity** defaults to **true**. I can either use that method and set to false to not create an EmailMessage record or update my SOQL query to specifically search for email2case EmailMessages.
I assume test apex API takes precedence over the main apex API which is why only changing the test class affected it. | Just a shot in the dark, but I think it has something to do with Enhanced Email and it being enabled in version 37 [Invalid type: Schema.EmailMessageRelation](https://salesforce.stackexchange.com/questions/248276/invalid-type-schema-emailmessagerelation) |
4,766 | I noticed some strange damage on my rear tire, where there appear to be diagonally cuts going around the entire wheel. I have no idea what might have caused this damage. I first saw it a few months ago, but didn't think anything of it because I had just replaced my tires with these relatively fancy Panaracer kevlar tires so I figured they should hold up for at least a year.
Anyway, just a few days ago I felt my rear tire bumping and when I looked at it, I could see the tube is starting to bulge out slightly through the cracks in the tire sidewall. The front tire is completely fine, but it's starting to look like I have to replace the back tire.
So my questions are, has anybody else dealt with this issue before? Any ideas what might have caused this damage? Am I indeed correct that the tire needs to be replaced?
The first picture has the most severe scarring, the second picture shows how it extends around the entire wheel.
 | 2011/07/10 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/4766",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/1796/"
] | Looks to me like the tire's been run flat. If not that then I'd say the tire's defective -- that the factory left out a layer of cord or some such.
What pressure have you been running (and how much do you weigh)? | First of all, you're right about replacing the tire--if you have any cracks in the sidewall and/or a bulging tube, a tire MUST be replaced. Judging by those pictures, I would replace the tire immediately.
Depending on the tire, and what you're doing with it, a year may or may not be an unreasonable length of time for a tire to wear out. Others with more experience will probably have something to say on that. |
4,766 | I noticed some strange damage on my rear tire, where there appear to be diagonally cuts going around the entire wheel. I have no idea what might have caused this damage. I first saw it a few months ago, but didn't think anything of it because I had just replaced my tires with these relatively fancy Panaracer kevlar tires so I figured they should hold up for at least a year.
Anyway, just a few days ago I felt my rear tire bumping and when I looked at it, I could see the tube is starting to bulge out slightly through the cracks in the tire sidewall. The front tire is completely fine, but it's starting to look like I have to replace the back tire.
So my questions are, has anybody else dealt with this issue before? Any ideas what might have caused this damage? Am I indeed correct that the tire needs to be replaced?
The first picture has the most severe scarring, the second picture shows how it extends around the entire wheel.
 | 2011/07/10 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/4766",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/1796/"
] | Yes, you are right that the tire must be replaced.
No, the tires are not defective. This type of cross hatching is caused by age and weather deterioration. It appears like diagonal cuts because the weave of the cloth start breaking threads, and they are woven diagonally.
The tire is either at least 3-5 years old, or has been stored in a climate which speeds dry rotting. In this case the tire appears much older than that.
It is generally seen most obviously on tires which have tan side walls, as this one does. The tires with black side walls do the same thing, but it isn't as visible or as quick to happen.
A tire has a shelf life of 3-4 years, even if not ridden. I realize you said that you'd replaced them about a year ago. That could be climate affecting tire life, or it could be that they were old stock on the LBS shelf for some time before you bought them. If you see crosshatching, or your tire feels papery and dry, rather than like rubber on the side wall, replace them. A blowout at speed is a dangerous thing, and a year of use is an acceptable lifetime.
FTR, this tire is either a [Panaracer Pasela](http://www.panaracer.com/urban.php#pasela), or Pasela TG. In it's narrowest form, a 700x23c they recommend a 100psi maximum. If this is as it appears, a 26 x 1.25 or 1.5, that pressure recommendation drops to 60 psi. Could possibly be a 700x38c which would be a max pressure of 90 psi. | First of all, you're right about replacing the tire--if you have any cracks in the sidewall and/or a bulging tube, a tire MUST be replaced. Judging by those pictures, I would replace the tire immediately.
Depending on the tire, and what you're doing with it, a year may or may not be an unreasonable length of time for a tire to wear out. Others with more experience will probably have something to say on that. |
4,766 | I noticed some strange damage on my rear tire, where there appear to be diagonally cuts going around the entire wheel. I have no idea what might have caused this damage. I first saw it a few months ago, but didn't think anything of it because I had just replaced my tires with these relatively fancy Panaracer kevlar tires so I figured they should hold up for at least a year.
Anyway, just a few days ago I felt my rear tire bumping and when I looked at it, I could see the tube is starting to bulge out slightly through the cracks in the tire sidewall. The front tire is completely fine, but it's starting to look like I have to replace the back tire.
So my questions are, has anybody else dealt with this issue before? Any ideas what might have caused this damage? Am I indeed correct that the tire needs to be replaced?
The first picture has the most severe scarring, the second picture shows how it extends around the entire wheel.
 | 2011/07/10 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/4766",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/1796/"
] | First of all, you're right about replacing the tire--if you have any cracks in the sidewall and/or a bulging tube, a tire MUST be replaced. Judging by those pictures, I would replace the tire immediately.
Depending on the tire, and what you're doing with it, a year may or may not be an unreasonable length of time for a tire to wear out. Others with more experience will probably have something to say on that. | I have had several rear tyres fail this way (most recently a Schwalbe racing ralph)
Oddly the tyre "cuts" perfectly align with the spokes in a diagnonal away from each spoke. I ride a lot of canal paths so the crusty dry dust makes these patterns on the sidewall even when the tyre is brand new. I am wondering whether the spokes cause a vortex that carries dust triggering abrasion of the tyre wall until eventually it fails and you get bulges? I am going to try moving the tyre 1/4 of an inch around the rim every time a get a puncture to see if I can even out the abrasion. I always run the rear tyre at 50 or 60 PSI so "under inflation" cannot be the cause. I also run the front much lower and have never experience this on a front tyre |
4,766 | I noticed some strange damage on my rear tire, where there appear to be diagonally cuts going around the entire wheel. I have no idea what might have caused this damage. I first saw it a few months ago, but didn't think anything of it because I had just replaced my tires with these relatively fancy Panaracer kevlar tires so I figured they should hold up for at least a year.
Anyway, just a few days ago I felt my rear tire bumping and when I looked at it, I could see the tube is starting to bulge out slightly through the cracks in the tire sidewall. The front tire is completely fine, but it's starting to look like I have to replace the back tire.
So my questions are, has anybody else dealt with this issue before? Any ideas what might have caused this damage? Am I indeed correct that the tire needs to be replaced?
The first picture has the most severe scarring, the second picture shows how it extends around the entire wheel.
 | 2011/07/10 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/4766",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/1796/"
] | Looks to me like the tire's been run flat. If not that then I'd say the tire's defective -- that the factory left out a layer of cord or some such.
What pressure have you been running (and how much do you weigh)? | Yes, you are right that the tire must be replaced.
No, the tires are not defective. This type of cross hatching is caused by age and weather deterioration. It appears like diagonal cuts because the weave of the cloth start breaking threads, and they are woven diagonally.
The tire is either at least 3-5 years old, or has been stored in a climate which speeds dry rotting. In this case the tire appears much older than that.
It is generally seen most obviously on tires which have tan side walls, as this one does. The tires with black side walls do the same thing, but it isn't as visible or as quick to happen.
A tire has a shelf life of 3-4 years, even if not ridden. I realize you said that you'd replaced them about a year ago. That could be climate affecting tire life, or it could be that they were old stock on the LBS shelf for some time before you bought them. If you see crosshatching, or your tire feels papery and dry, rather than like rubber on the side wall, replace them. A blowout at speed is a dangerous thing, and a year of use is an acceptable lifetime.
FTR, this tire is either a [Panaracer Pasela](http://www.panaracer.com/urban.php#pasela), or Pasela TG. In it's narrowest form, a 700x23c they recommend a 100psi maximum. If this is as it appears, a 26 x 1.25 or 1.5, that pressure recommendation drops to 60 psi. Could possibly be a 700x38c which would be a max pressure of 90 psi. |
4,766 | I noticed some strange damage on my rear tire, where there appear to be diagonally cuts going around the entire wheel. I have no idea what might have caused this damage. I first saw it a few months ago, but didn't think anything of it because I had just replaced my tires with these relatively fancy Panaracer kevlar tires so I figured they should hold up for at least a year.
Anyway, just a few days ago I felt my rear tire bumping and when I looked at it, I could see the tube is starting to bulge out slightly through the cracks in the tire sidewall. The front tire is completely fine, but it's starting to look like I have to replace the back tire.
So my questions are, has anybody else dealt with this issue before? Any ideas what might have caused this damage? Am I indeed correct that the tire needs to be replaced?
The first picture has the most severe scarring, the second picture shows how it extends around the entire wheel.
 | 2011/07/10 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/4766",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/1796/"
] | Looks to me like the tire's been run flat. If not that then I'd say the tire's defective -- that the factory left out a layer of cord or some such.
What pressure have you been running (and how much do you weigh)? | I have had several rear tyres fail this way (most recently a Schwalbe racing ralph)
Oddly the tyre "cuts" perfectly align with the spokes in a diagnonal away from each spoke. I ride a lot of canal paths so the crusty dry dust makes these patterns on the sidewall even when the tyre is brand new. I am wondering whether the spokes cause a vortex that carries dust triggering abrasion of the tyre wall until eventually it fails and you get bulges? I am going to try moving the tyre 1/4 of an inch around the rim every time a get a puncture to see if I can even out the abrasion. I always run the rear tyre at 50 or 60 PSI so "under inflation" cannot be the cause. I also run the front much lower and have never experience this on a front tyre |
4,766 | I noticed some strange damage on my rear tire, where there appear to be diagonally cuts going around the entire wheel. I have no idea what might have caused this damage. I first saw it a few months ago, but didn't think anything of it because I had just replaced my tires with these relatively fancy Panaracer kevlar tires so I figured they should hold up for at least a year.
Anyway, just a few days ago I felt my rear tire bumping and when I looked at it, I could see the tube is starting to bulge out slightly through the cracks in the tire sidewall. The front tire is completely fine, but it's starting to look like I have to replace the back tire.
So my questions are, has anybody else dealt with this issue before? Any ideas what might have caused this damage? Am I indeed correct that the tire needs to be replaced?
The first picture has the most severe scarring, the second picture shows how it extends around the entire wheel.
 | 2011/07/10 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/4766",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/1796/"
] | Yes, you are right that the tire must be replaced.
No, the tires are not defective. This type of cross hatching is caused by age and weather deterioration. It appears like diagonal cuts because the weave of the cloth start breaking threads, and they are woven diagonally.
The tire is either at least 3-5 years old, or has been stored in a climate which speeds dry rotting. In this case the tire appears much older than that.
It is generally seen most obviously on tires which have tan side walls, as this one does. The tires with black side walls do the same thing, but it isn't as visible or as quick to happen.
A tire has a shelf life of 3-4 years, even if not ridden. I realize you said that you'd replaced them about a year ago. That could be climate affecting tire life, or it could be that they were old stock on the LBS shelf for some time before you bought them. If you see crosshatching, or your tire feels papery and dry, rather than like rubber on the side wall, replace them. A blowout at speed is a dangerous thing, and a year of use is an acceptable lifetime.
FTR, this tire is either a [Panaracer Pasela](http://www.panaracer.com/urban.php#pasela), or Pasela TG. In it's narrowest form, a 700x23c they recommend a 100psi maximum. If this is as it appears, a 26 x 1.25 or 1.5, that pressure recommendation drops to 60 psi. Could possibly be a 700x38c which would be a max pressure of 90 psi. | I have had several rear tyres fail this way (most recently a Schwalbe racing ralph)
Oddly the tyre "cuts" perfectly align with the spokes in a diagnonal away from each spoke. I ride a lot of canal paths so the crusty dry dust makes these patterns on the sidewall even when the tyre is brand new. I am wondering whether the spokes cause a vortex that carries dust triggering abrasion of the tyre wall until eventually it fails and you get bulges? I am going to try moving the tyre 1/4 of an inch around the rim every time a get a puncture to see if I can even out the abrasion. I always run the rear tyre at 50 or 60 PSI so "under inflation" cannot be the cause. I also run the front much lower and have never experience this on a front tyre |
5,178 | I take Tae Kwon Do 2 days a week and I also jog in the morning.
I need a gym work out plan for the rest of the week. I need it to supplement body fitness and do specific strength supportive exercises for better ability in TKD.
Experts! guide me please. PS by profession I am a software engineer so no physical activity at work, 9 hours on screen. | 2015/06/18 | [
"https://martialarts.stackexchange.com/questions/5178",
"https://martialarts.stackexchange.com",
"https://martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/5915/"
] | I was in your situation - I was a programmer (now a dev manager) and I put on 20 lbs in 2 years sitting around eating badly. However, I did have the advantage of a life of sports (including nearly 30 years in martial arts now) and a college degree in kinesiology to help me turn that around.
You are already doing TKD twice a week, and jogging in the morning. Assuming that you are jogging at least 3x per week, that should take care of your basic requirements. I would also recommend some explosive type workouts which I will detail. Too much steady state, slower pace cardio can possibly interfere with the explosiveness needed for TKD. While the evidence is not 100%, recent studies in the field have shown that it may be possible to convert from type I (Slow twitch) to type II (fast twitch) fibers in your muscles and vice versa. (There is also some debate about whether it's an actual change or a change in other associated structures, it's all up in the air). But one thing is for certain, past a certain point of basic fitness, you want to train for what you need. If you need quick, explosive movement, train that way.
As far as deficiencies, what I have noted from many years as an instructor and participant, is that the lower back muscles, glutes/hamstrings, rear deltoids and lats are the muscles most likely to suffer. There are very few actual reverse hand techniques (reverse elbow, upset ridge hand, backfist) that use the rear deltoids and lats to any extent, and the front/round kicks get utilized more often than the side/back kicks. Plus, you need basic strength overall.
I would recommend a program such as Stronglifts 5x5, but twice a week rather than 3x, and make sure to add in calf work and back extensions. When you do your abdominal work, make sure to add rotational versions to get the obliques. That should be sufficient to take care of your basic strength needs.
Along with that, you want to train explosiveness and movement, so I would invest in an agility ladder and a set of agility cones. You can find many different drills, but both of these will work your foot movement as well as explosive speed, presuming that you really work it on the cone/running drills. Do this once a week to start, and as you get used to the increased amount of workouts, you can increase it to 2x per week. On your jogs, I would also add in a day where you do strides/fartlek type work, where you put in short segments of uptempo, fast running with short recovery (Something like 10 minutes of 30 seconds accelerate to near sprint, 30 seconds slow jog recovery).
As pointed out, flexibility in any martial art is an enhancement, so I would make sure to do dynamic (sport motion specific) stretching before, and static stretching after. There isn't much evidence that being more flexible helps avoid injury, or that it enhances performance, but a lack of flexibility in martial arts can definitely be a hindrance.
You also should make sure (Especially considering the sedentary nature of your job) that your diet and sleep routines are sound. It's all too easy (as I did) to have soda and sugary/fatty snacks sitting around the desk, but all they will do is derail your hard work. Replace soda with water or unsweetened teas, and the sugary snacks with things like nuts, nut butters, veggies with hummus, and pay attention to total calorie intake.
Give yourself some rest days, and some cheat meals, if you feel like hell, go ahead and take a day off. Mix it up, don't always do the same workouts on the same days, keep it all fresh and fun, and always look for new exercises and activities to support your main emphasis, TKD. | I preferred cycling to running, but that's not important. What's important is that you do interval training (search on Google for examples). You'll want to do lots of muscle conditioning too. Use lighter weights, and go for more reps and sets. You want to build lean, toned, fast-twitch muscle.
I can't give you a specific workout because I don't know you, but if you go to a bodybuilding website or to your local gym and tell them you want to tone and condition, they'll be able to give you details. |
5,178 | I take Tae Kwon Do 2 days a week and I also jog in the morning.
I need a gym work out plan for the rest of the week. I need it to supplement body fitness and do specific strength supportive exercises for better ability in TKD.
Experts! guide me please. PS by profession I am a software engineer so no physical activity at work, 9 hours on screen. | 2015/06/18 | [
"https://martialarts.stackexchange.com/questions/5178",
"https://martialarts.stackexchange.com",
"https://martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/5915/"
] | I was in your situation - I was a programmer (now a dev manager) and I put on 20 lbs in 2 years sitting around eating badly. However, I did have the advantage of a life of sports (including nearly 30 years in martial arts now) and a college degree in kinesiology to help me turn that around.
You are already doing TKD twice a week, and jogging in the morning. Assuming that you are jogging at least 3x per week, that should take care of your basic requirements. I would also recommend some explosive type workouts which I will detail. Too much steady state, slower pace cardio can possibly interfere with the explosiveness needed for TKD. While the evidence is not 100%, recent studies in the field have shown that it may be possible to convert from type I (Slow twitch) to type II (fast twitch) fibers in your muscles and vice versa. (There is also some debate about whether it's an actual change or a change in other associated structures, it's all up in the air). But one thing is for certain, past a certain point of basic fitness, you want to train for what you need. If you need quick, explosive movement, train that way.
As far as deficiencies, what I have noted from many years as an instructor and participant, is that the lower back muscles, glutes/hamstrings, rear deltoids and lats are the muscles most likely to suffer. There are very few actual reverse hand techniques (reverse elbow, upset ridge hand, backfist) that use the rear deltoids and lats to any extent, and the front/round kicks get utilized more often than the side/back kicks. Plus, you need basic strength overall.
I would recommend a program such as Stronglifts 5x5, but twice a week rather than 3x, and make sure to add in calf work and back extensions. When you do your abdominal work, make sure to add rotational versions to get the obliques. That should be sufficient to take care of your basic strength needs.
Along with that, you want to train explosiveness and movement, so I would invest in an agility ladder and a set of agility cones. You can find many different drills, but both of these will work your foot movement as well as explosive speed, presuming that you really work it on the cone/running drills. Do this once a week to start, and as you get used to the increased amount of workouts, you can increase it to 2x per week. On your jogs, I would also add in a day where you do strides/fartlek type work, where you put in short segments of uptempo, fast running with short recovery (Something like 10 minutes of 30 seconds accelerate to near sprint, 30 seconds slow jog recovery).
As pointed out, flexibility in any martial art is an enhancement, so I would make sure to do dynamic (sport motion specific) stretching before, and static stretching after. There isn't much evidence that being more flexible helps avoid injury, or that it enhances performance, but a lack of flexibility in martial arts can definitely be a hindrance.
You also should make sure (Especially considering the sedentary nature of your job) that your diet and sleep routines are sound. It's all too easy (as I did) to have soda and sugary/fatty snacks sitting around the desk, but all they will do is derail your hard work. Replace soda with water or unsweetened teas, and the sugary snacks with things like nuts, nut butters, veggies with hummus, and pay attention to total calorie intake.
Give yourself some rest days, and some cheat meals, if you feel like hell, go ahead and take a day off. Mix it up, don't always do the same workouts on the same days, keep it all fresh and fun, and always look for new exercises and activities to support your main emphasis, TKD. | At home I do a 20-10 workout, get a partner to hold pads (or wear gloves) on their hips (height can be adjusted as you get used to it - i go a little higher than that to ensure above belt height), kick (45 kicks) as many times as you can in 20 seconds take 10 seconds rest and kick again.
If your sparring bouts last 90 seconds then 3-4 bouts of kicking is ideal, if you spar for 2 minutes then 4-5.
I then do the same again with punches (partner holding the pad at head level).
This has done wonders for our sparring fitness (I have found that towards the end of a bout I have exhausted my opponent and can score fairly easily)
Don't forget to do lots of stretching, whilst taekwondo doesnt require flexibility it offers a big advantage. Many Exercises such as running, cycling and swimming will tighten your muscles and reduce flexibility so it is important to counter this.
Also most of your power (especially for pressing blocks / 2 handed moves) comes from your core muscles, so core exercises such as sit-ups and plank should be staple. |
5,178 | I take Tae Kwon Do 2 days a week and I also jog in the morning.
I need a gym work out plan for the rest of the week. I need it to supplement body fitness and do specific strength supportive exercises for better ability in TKD.
Experts! guide me please. PS by profession I am a software engineer so no physical activity at work, 9 hours on screen. | 2015/06/18 | [
"https://martialarts.stackexchange.com/questions/5178",
"https://martialarts.stackexchange.com",
"https://martialarts.stackexchange.com/users/5915/"
] | I was in your situation - I was a programmer (now a dev manager) and I put on 20 lbs in 2 years sitting around eating badly. However, I did have the advantage of a life of sports (including nearly 30 years in martial arts now) and a college degree in kinesiology to help me turn that around.
You are already doing TKD twice a week, and jogging in the morning. Assuming that you are jogging at least 3x per week, that should take care of your basic requirements. I would also recommend some explosive type workouts which I will detail. Too much steady state, slower pace cardio can possibly interfere with the explosiveness needed for TKD. While the evidence is not 100%, recent studies in the field have shown that it may be possible to convert from type I (Slow twitch) to type II (fast twitch) fibers in your muscles and vice versa. (There is also some debate about whether it's an actual change or a change in other associated structures, it's all up in the air). But one thing is for certain, past a certain point of basic fitness, you want to train for what you need. If you need quick, explosive movement, train that way.
As far as deficiencies, what I have noted from many years as an instructor and participant, is that the lower back muscles, glutes/hamstrings, rear deltoids and lats are the muscles most likely to suffer. There are very few actual reverse hand techniques (reverse elbow, upset ridge hand, backfist) that use the rear deltoids and lats to any extent, and the front/round kicks get utilized more often than the side/back kicks. Plus, you need basic strength overall.
I would recommend a program such as Stronglifts 5x5, but twice a week rather than 3x, and make sure to add in calf work and back extensions. When you do your abdominal work, make sure to add rotational versions to get the obliques. That should be sufficient to take care of your basic strength needs.
Along with that, you want to train explosiveness and movement, so I would invest in an agility ladder and a set of agility cones. You can find many different drills, but both of these will work your foot movement as well as explosive speed, presuming that you really work it on the cone/running drills. Do this once a week to start, and as you get used to the increased amount of workouts, you can increase it to 2x per week. On your jogs, I would also add in a day where you do strides/fartlek type work, where you put in short segments of uptempo, fast running with short recovery (Something like 10 minutes of 30 seconds accelerate to near sprint, 30 seconds slow jog recovery).
As pointed out, flexibility in any martial art is an enhancement, so I would make sure to do dynamic (sport motion specific) stretching before, and static stretching after. There isn't much evidence that being more flexible helps avoid injury, or that it enhances performance, but a lack of flexibility in martial arts can definitely be a hindrance.
You also should make sure (Especially considering the sedentary nature of your job) that your diet and sleep routines are sound. It's all too easy (as I did) to have soda and sugary/fatty snacks sitting around the desk, but all they will do is derail your hard work. Replace soda with water or unsweetened teas, and the sugary snacks with things like nuts, nut butters, veggies with hummus, and pay attention to total calorie intake.
Give yourself some rest days, and some cheat meals, if you feel like hell, go ahead and take a day off. Mix it up, don't always do the same workouts on the same days, keep it all fresh and fun, and always look for new exercises and activities to support your main emphasis, TKD. | Training for TaeKwonDo involves largely the same strength exercises every athlete should be doing: weighted lunges, squats, and deadlifts for the lower body and core strength. For the upper body, some form of appropriately-loaded upper body pushing and pulling is needed, whether that takes the form of push-ups, overhead press, planks, pull-ups, or rows. After acclimating to those tasks, power training through plyometrics, various jumps, and variations on the Olympic lifts (power clean/snatch/jerk) are introduced.
You should be looking at a general-purpose novice strength program. Note that terminology: **strength** program. Not bodybuilding, not running, not weight loss. Your task at the gym for supplementing your TKD should be to grow stronger, more explosive, and more flexible. Starting Strength is a good place to start, as are various Olympic lifting for Sports programs, given that you start at an intensity appropriate to your strength and mobility. |
966,996 | I was looking for a powerful Notebook and found the Asus VivoBook N580VD-DM070T. I've done some research about problems with Ubuntu, but could not find anything for this model. Does anyone have experience with Ubuntu on this model? | 2017/10/21 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/966996",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/749865/"
] | I have been using Asus N580VD with Windows 10 for some time. Today I had some time to install Ubuntu 17.10 and test. Everything works OK, except one little glitch: I can't power off or reboot without manually holding power button pressed, when I pick power off from the UI or run `poweroff` from terminal, all applications close, TTY comes up but then it hangs. I've been doing some research but couldn't figure out the reason or the solution, yet. | I suggest (but now it is too late) to no to buy this model. It has a BIOS deeply customized, Ubuntu 17 doesn't work well, the computer is not able to logout properly (I don't know if it's a problem of the Ubuntu version or of the hardware), and if you want to log out you cant't, the screen gets stuck. This happened after the attemp to install lkde desktop. I also think that there is not fully compatibility with the hardware monitor, because I've experienced some problem visualizations, but I don't know if it all comes after the installation of lkde dektop environment. And, after three months of usage, this laptop stopped to work, there is a component that gets hot when you plug-in the battery. I suggest to not to buy this laptop, because I think that there is not fully compatibility with Ubuntu 17. |
132,517 | Has anyone considered making a *Dragonlance* movie? Even just the original *Chronicles* and *Legends* trilogies could yield six very good films. | 2016/06/21 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/132517",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | They *did* make a Dragonlance film in 2008, named [Dragonlance: Dragons of Autumn Twilight](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragonlance:_Dragons_of_Autumn_Twilight) and based on the novel of the same name.
It was [dire](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0825245/reviews?ref_=tt_ov_rt), lost pots of money even on its tiny $1.5m budget (it ended up going straight-to-video) and basically killed any hopes of an animated franchise. There were suggestions of a sequel, but it seems to have been stuck in development hell since at least 2011.
---
As to why it's not been made into a big-budget franchise, the reality is that [the company that owns the rights to the novels](http://www.trhickman.com/qa-owns-dragonlance/) has historically been very risk-averse. Like Nintendo, they seem to have decided that the risk of damaging their IP by making them into a film that tanks is worth less money to them than simply leaving them as books. I would imagine that their animated toe-in-the-water and seeing how another couple of theatrical films set in basically the same universe ([Eragon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eragon) and [Dungeons and Dragons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons_(film))) have fared at the box office (hint, both flopped **hard**) has probably convinced them that their strategy is the right one, at least for the time being. | It would seem that there already is a Dragonlance movie. Made in 2008 Dragonlance: Dragons of Autumn Twilight (animated) was directed by Will Meugniot, adapted for the screen by George Strayton (*whose credits include "Cleopatria 2525", "Xena: Warrior Princess" and "Hercules: The Legendary Journeys"*), the film was produced by Toonz Animation, Commotion Pictures and Epic Level Entertainment, with conceptual artwork from Kunoichi and others. Paramount Pictures is looking after worldwide distribution.
It can be bought on [Amazon](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/B000Y7U996)
Here is the trailer -
[Trailer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UHrOfJ8_D0o)
Some reviews - <http://www.dlnexus.com/products/review/558.aspx>
This is the [Official site](http://www.dragonlance-movie.com/movie/) |
132,517 | Has anyone considered making a *Dragonlance* movie? Even just the original *Chronicles* and *Legends* trilogies could yield six very good films. | 2016/06/21 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/132517",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | They *did* make a Dragonlance film in 2008, named [Dragonlance: Dragons of Autumn Twilight](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragonlance:_Dragons_of_Autumn_Twilight) and based on the novel of the same name.
It was [dire](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0825245/reviews?ref_=tt_ov_rt), lost pots of money even on its tiny $1.5m budget (it ended up going straight-to-video) and basically killed any hopes of an animated franchise. There were suggestions of a sequel, but it seems to have been stuck in development hell since at least 2011.
---
As to why it's not been made into a big-budget franchise, the reality is that [the company that owns the rights to the novels](http://www.trhickman.com/qa-owns-dragonlance/) has historically been very risk-averse. Like Nintendo, they seem to have decided that the risk of damaging their IP by making them into a film that tanks is worth less money to them than simply leaving them as books. I would imagine that their animated toe-in-the-water and seeing how another couple of theatrical films set in basically the same universe ([Eragon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eragon) and [Dungeons and Dragons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons_(film))) have fared at the box office (hint, both flopped **hard**) has probably convinced them that their strategy is the right one, at least for the time being. | I realize this is a much older question, but I was recently doing some investigation on the topic and found this article on the GeekAndSundry page: [What Joe Manganiello's Possible Dragonlance Movie Might Contain](https://geekandsundry.com/delving-into-a-possible-dragonlance-movie/).
>
> It’s recently come to light that actor Joe Manganiello has been
> coauthoring a script for a Dungeons & Dragons movie. Speaking on the
> Happy Sad Confused podcast, he said that he’d even met with Wizards of
> the Coast to talk about the project. This was at first confusing news,
> since it’s known that a D&D film is already in the works after a
> prolonged legal battle pertaining to the game’s film rights.
>
>
> However Manganiello soon tweeted out a picture of a script draft,
> indicating that the prospective movie would be an adaption of Margaret
> Weis and Tracy Hickman’s beloved Dragon’s of Autumn Twilight.
>
>
>
This is still only a rumor at this point, and may not ever actually come to fruition, but the article links to a tweet from Mr. Manganiello in April of 2017 that apparently shows the cover page for a "Dragons of Autumn Twilight" screenplay by John Cassel. If the rumor is true, it could lead to a more full-fledged production of the movie and, if the first one goes well, potentially a series. |
10,734,197 | Which one of these is the best ORM for PHP in terms of performance? I'd like to use it in Codeigniter framework as well. I'm trying php-activerecord right now, and it doesn't act bad. I took a look to Doctrine2, DataMapper and stuff, but I cannot tell anything about performances until I build a big project (and at that time, it would be too late to change my mind).
Any thoughts? | 2012/05/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/10734197",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1406257/"
] | [Here is a link to GAS ORM vs PHP Active Record](http://taufanaditya.com/gas-orm-new-design-and-benchmark) (scroll to the bottom)
Result? Gas ORM is way more efficient than PHP Active Record | When you start a new project you can get Objects in and out of the database fast, without worrying how you do it. You can also switch DBMS very fast from SQLite on your local dev machine, to MySQL on your testing or staging servers. When the performance part kicks in, your application has already matured a bit, models are somewhat fixed and programlogic is running. Extending the models to use SQL instead of the ORM is more convenient then, because the structure of the project isn't changing (so fast) anymore.
I suggest doctrine.
Integration into CI is painless with Doctrine (there are many posts available on the internet and even some here on SO) so you don't have to learn any fancy new conventions.
Whetever you chose, keep in mind that any ORM will add a massive (compared to what CI's base footprint is) overhead to a very very light-weight framework. So you sacrifice the light-weightness for powerfull database features and more abstraction.
check this link i found out gives very good info
<http://www.phpandstuff.com/articles/codeigniter-doctrine-from-scratch-day-1-install-and-setup> |
10,734,197 | Which one of these is the best ORM for PHP in terms of performance? I'd like to use it in Codeigniter framework as well. I'm trying php-activerecord right now, and it doesn't act bad. I took a look to Doctrine2, DataMapper and stuff, but I cannot tell anything about performances until I build a big project (and at that time, it would be too late to change my mind).
Any thoughts? | 2012/05/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/10734197",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1406257/"
] | If your goal is performance, then use of ORM is the wrong choice to begin with.
ORMs are focused on forcing relational structure to act like objects, which is the source of the problem (the loss of performance, and limitations of API). This is why performance is the thing on which ORMs are NOT focused on. What ORMs are really good at is fast prototyping, but when used in large projects, they usually end up causing [technical debt](http://martinfowler.com/bliki/TechnicalDebt.html).
Also .. if you are serious about using CodeIgniter, please, read [the source](https://github.com/EllisLab/CodeIgniter/tree/2.1-stable/system), and decide, if this is the quality of code you want to base your project on.
P.S. here are two articles you might find a bit inflammatory, but with relevant points:
* [Object-Relational Mapping is the Vietnam of Computer Science](http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/2006/06/object-relational-mapping-is-the-vietnam-of-computer-science.html)
* [ORM is an anti-pattern](http://seldo.com/weblog/2011/08/11/orm_is_an_antipattern) | When you start a new project you can get Objects in and out of the database fast, without worrying how you do it. You can also switch DBMS very fast from SQLite on your local dev machine, to MySQL on your testing or staging servers. When the performance part kicks in, your application has already matured a bit, models are somewhat fixed and programlogic is running. Extending the models to use SQL instead of the ORM is more convenient then, because the structure of the project isn't changing (so fast) anymore.
I suggest doctrine.
Integration into CI is painless with Doctrine (there are many posts available on the internet and even some here on SO) so you don't have to learn any fancy new conventions.
Whetever you chose, keep in mind that any ORM will add a massive (compared to what CI's base footprint is) overhead to a very very light-weight framework. So you sacrifice the light-weightness for powerfull database features and more abstraction.
check this link i found out gives very good info
<http://www.phpandstuff.com/articles/codeigniter-doctrine-from-scratch-day-1-install-and-setup> |
10,734,197 | Which one of these is the best ORM for PHP in terms of performance? I'd like to use it in Codeigniter framework as well. I'm trying php-activerecord right now, and it doesn't act bad. I took a look to Doctrine2, DataMapper and stuff, but I cannot tell anything about performances until I build a big project (and at that time, it would be too late to change my mind).
Any thoughts? | 2012/05/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/10734197",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1406257/"
] | If your goal is performance, then use of ORM is the wrong choice to begin with.
ORMs are focused on forcing relational structure to act like objects, which is the source of the problem (the loss of performance, and limitations of API). This is why performance is the thing on which ORMs are NOT focused on. What ORMs are really good at is fast prototyping, but when used in large projects, they usually end up causing [technical debt](http://martinfowler.com/bliki/TechnicalDebt.html).
Also .. if you are serious about using CodeIgniter, please, read [the source](https://github.com/EllisLab/CodeIgniter/tree/2.1-stable/system), and decide, if this is the quality of code you want to base your project on.
P.S. here are two articles you might find a bit inflammatory, but with relevant points:
* [Object-Relational Mapping is the Vietnam of Computer Science](http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/2006/06/object-relational-mapping-is-the-vietnam-of-computer-science.html)
* [ORM is an anti-pattern](http://seldo.com/weblog/2011/08/11/orm_is_an_antipattern) | [Here is a link to GAS ORM vs PHP Active Record](http://taufanaditya.com/gas-orm-new-design-and-benchmark) (scroll to the bottom)
Result? Gas ORM is way more efficient than PHP Active Record |
319,920 | What is the best word to refer to the thing in the image below?
I want a word that is super clear so when I tell someone to take the key inside it, they know what I am talking about.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/QJ32i.png) | 2022/07/30 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/319920",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/628/"
] | That's a lock box. For a bit more precision you can call it a door combination lock box.
See for example:
* [Key Lock Box, Combination Lockbox with Code for House Key Storage, Combo Door Locker](https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/B07D8RYGVY)
* [Key Safe Lock Box For Your Front Door](https://youtube.com/watch?v=FsTn1MKTKZQ)
---
According to [Collins](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/lockbox), it's known as a *lockbox* in the US and a *keysafe* in the UK. | It's called a **lock box**.
It's often used by real estate agents to store the keys for a house so that any agent with the combination can get the keys. It's sometimes used with AirBnB properties as well. |
16,723,347 | Why does the package upload speed differ so much between the various upload methods.
The methods I've used to deploy are
1. Within VS2013: Very slow uploads
2. Powershell Commandlets: Again very slow
3. Azure Portal: Blazingly fast
I would not complain if the speed differed by a few seconds or heck a minute or two, but I'm talking 10's of minutes for 45MB Deployment Package.
Method 1 & 2 takes over 45 minutes using high-speed broadband in New Zealand.
Uploading via method 3 takes just 30 seconds.
Something is not quite right.
Our network is not in question, I was able to simulate this from other networks too. | 2013/05/23 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/16723347",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/986753/"
] | I can confirm the issue with deployment from Visual Studio taking much longer than direct upload of the package and as far as I know this is a [known](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5080445/why-does-azure-deployment-take-so-long) and [common](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4483670/how-to-speed-up-azure-deployment-from-visual-studio-2010) issue since the very first version of Azure.
Nonetheless I would like to point out that upload via Azure Portal is a mere data transfer, after the package has been deployed it takes the service for some more time to become responsive, whereas after VS deployment the service is responsive immediately after the deployment is done. From this I conclude that the difference in deployment time might be due to provisioning of cloud architecture (creating, running or re-configuring of host OS VMs) for your cloud services. | From what I've seen of Azure publishing using Visual Studio vs the Azure Portal, there seems to be no significant difference except for the time it takes to upload the package. As the original poster stated, the Portal is extremely fast; whereas, Visual Studio takes forever to upload the package. I didn't realize the difference for a long time until I tried using the Portal one day just to see how that process worked and I was floored by the difference in speed.
I'd definitely recommend using the Portal vs Visual Studio. One caveat, you seem to need to use Visual Studio the first time around to create the Azure Tools certificate. Not sure if there's a way to create it without Visual Studio. |
16,723,347 | Why does the package upload speed differ so much between the various upload methods.
The methods I've used to deploy are
1. Within VS2013: Very slow uploads
2. Powershell Commandlets: Again very slow
3. Azure Portal: Blazingly fast
I would not complain if the speed differed by a few seconds or heck a minute or two, but I'm talking 10's of minutes for 45MB Deployment Package.
Method 1 & 2 takes over 45 minutes using high-speed broadband in New Zealand.
Uploading via method 3 takes just 30 seconds.
Something is not quite right.
Our network is not in question, I was able to simulate this from other networks too. | 2013/05/23 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/16723347",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/986753/"
] | I can confirm the issue with deployment from Visual Studio taking much longer than direct upload of the package and as far as I know this is a [known](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5080445/why-does-azure-deployment-take-so-long) and [common](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4483670/how-to-speed-up-azure-deployment-from-visual-studio-2010) issue since the very first version of Azure.
Nonetheless I would like to point out that upload via Azure Portal is a mere data transfer, after the package has been deployed it takes the service for some more time to become responsive, whereas after VS deployment the service is responsive immediately after the deployment is done. From this I conclude that the difference in deployment time might be due to provisioning of cloud architecture (creating, running or re-configuring of host OS VMs) for your cloud services. | I think I've seen why Visual Studio takes so long to do the upload. If you start up Fiddler while the update is happening you'll see that Visual Studio is uploading the package in 65k blocks in sequence. As you're in NZ you get our wonderful high latency to US servers, so sending lots of smallish requests is not optimal.
If you use a dedicated storage explorer they're usually much more clever and if the file you're uploading is large it will use larger blocks and also upload them in parallel. |
464,223 | I have posted a question titled "Why does paper cut so well?" ([on the Physics stack exchange](https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/427827/why-does-paper-cut-through-things-so-well)). After a while, I noticed that over 40 people understood the question as "Why is it so easy to cut paper (with a pair of scissors)?". But what I meant was that it was easy to cut things with paper, paper being the cutting material. So I edited the question to make it more explicit.
I am not a native English speaker, and I completely missed the ambiguity. And now that I know about it, even if I force myself, I am unable to understand the question "Why does paper cut so well?" as "Why is it so easy to cut through paper?". I would understand if the question was "How can paper be cut so well?". So using "to be cut" as opposed to "to cut".
I wonder what I am missing. How is it possible to understand the question that way? | 2018/09/13 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/464223",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/315436/"
] | Suppose that you'd instead asked "Why does paper tear so well?" It would be completely obvious that you meant "Why is it so easy to tear paper?" and not "Why does paper tear other things so well?" In that case, the second parsing doesn't really make sense. However, in the case of "cut", both parsings make sense and some people picked the wrong one. Also, cutting paper with something is much more common than cutting something with paper, so people may well think of the wrong interpretation first.
So, yes, your title was ambiguous. However, the body of the question was clear so, anyone who misunderstood clearly hadn't read the actual question. | I suggest that this is an example of the confusion between transitive and intransitive verbs found in American speech. If the sentence had contained an object of the verb cut there would have been no confusion. |
464,223 | I have posted a question titled "Why does paper cut so well?" ([on the Physics stack exchange](https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/427827/why-does-paper-cut-through-things-so-well)). After a while, I noticed that over 40 people understood the question as "Why is it so easy to cut paper (with a pair of scissors)?". But what I meant was that it was easy to cut things with paper, paper being the cutting material. So I edited the question to make it more explicit.
I am not a native English speaker, and I completely missed the ambiguity. And now that I know about it, even if I force myself, I am unable to understand the question "Why does paper cut so well?" as "Why is it so easy to cut through paper?". I would understand if the question was "How can paper be cut so well?". So using "to be cut" as opposed to "to cut".
I wonder what I am missing. How is it possible to understand the question that way? | 2018/09/13 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/464223",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/315436/"
] | It might have to do with the describing construction that exists in English in the form of:
>
> *Object* + *Applicable action* + *Adverb*
>
>
>
In this case, let me change the verb *cut* to *shred*.
Consider this passage, then:
>
> Paper shreds well. Glass, however, doesn't. It shatters before it can be shred, when run through a shredder.
>
>
>
Here, it's not very ambiguous that we're talking about the property of the materials paper and glass, and their degree of ability to be shred. However, the context necessary for the passage to be understood that way is present.
If the passage were just:
>
> Paper shreds well. Glass, however, doesn't.
>
>
>
...then it is a bit more ambiguous. Logically speaking, paper as a material is not a worthwhile material to do any shredding, whereas glass would, so logically this doesn't make sense. Therefore, the other sense needs to be taken into account, to make logical sense of what's being said.
It's likely that whoever mistook your context for the other context didn't immediately think credible that paper would be the cutting agent and not the material that is being cut. | Suppose that you'd instead asked "Why does paper tear so well?" It would be completely obvious that you meant "Why is it so easy to tear paper?" and not "Why does paper tear other things so well?" In that case, the second parsing doesn't really make sense. However, in the case of "cut", both parsings make sense and some people picked the wrong one. Also, cutting paper with something is much more common than cutting something with paper, so people may well think of the wrong interpretation first.
So, yes, your title was ambiguous. However, the body of the question was clear so, anyone who misunderstood clearly hadn't read the actual question. |
464,223 | I have posted a question titled "Why does paper cut so well?" ([on the Physics stack exchange](https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/427827/why-does-paper-cut-through-things-so-well)). After a while, I noticed that over 40 people understood the question as "Why is it so easy to cut paper (with a pair of scissors)?". But what I meant was that it was easy to cut things with paper, paper being the cutting material. So I edited the question to make it more explicit.
I am not a native English speaker, and I completely missed the ambiguity. And now that I know about it, even if I force myself, I am unable to understand the question "Why does paper cut so well?" as "Why is it so easy to cut through paper?". I would understand if the question was "How can paper be cut so well?". So using "to be cut" as opposed to "to cut".
I wonder what I am missing. How is it possible to understand the question that way? | 2018/09/13 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/464223",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/315436/"
] | This kind of construction has been called an "internal argument as subject" construction, but is more broadly known as a "**middle construction**," as in between active and passive. It strikes me as not particularly unusual, if maybe a little bit literary.
For example, from Massam (1991), where "\_" marks the empty structural object:
>
> This article analyses middle constructions in English, accounting for their
> key syntactic and semantic properties. The analysis rests on the observation
> that there are certain similarities between middle, *tough* and recipe-context
> null-object constructions, such as in (ia-c).
>
>
> (i) (a) This bread cuts \_ easily.
>
>
> (b) This bread is easy to cut \_.
>
>
> (c) Take bread. Cut \_ carefully (and arrange \_ nicely).
>
>
>
Here are some more examples of IASCs, from the same article:
>
> (7) (a) The brown bread cuts easily.
>
>
> (b) This blouse washes like a dream.
>
>
> (c) [The soup that eats like a meal](https://www.campbells.com/campbell-soup/chunky/). (Campbell's advertisement)
>
>
>
From the author's conclusion, which I will attempt to summarize at the end:
>
> In this way, middles
> are claimed to ... involve non-thematic chains which are licensed by being co-indexed with a chain which does receive a theta-role [and to] involve empty reflexives which do not arise via Move-α
> but which are base-generated. ... The view of middles utilized here is one which considers their defining
> property to consist of an element of modality which appears in INFL and
> which is usually further spelled out by an overt adverbial or modal element.
> It is this element which is able (universally) to license a non-thematic subject
> which serves to identify a null object.
>
>
>
In other words, the author of the paper suggests **not** that "paper" moves from the object position to the subject, but rather the presence of an adverbial like "well" or "easily" (or a modal\*) allows for the use of a [patient](http://www.sfu.ca/person/dearmond/322/322.theta.roles.htm#patient)\*\* as a structural subject in an English middle construction.
After all, it would be odd to say "?Paper cuts" to mean "Paper is cuttable."
So in other words, the fact that you want to say something like "You can cut paper easily" allows you to instead say the English sentence "Paper cuts easily," which is indeed ambiguous with "Paper cuts [other things] easily."
That some people analyzed your title as one or the other depends on the fact that paper is both cut often and cuts people frequently (after all, we have the word "[paper cut](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/paper_cut#English)"), and it just depends on which association came to mind more easily for each person.
For example, me, and other people who interpreted your sentence as "paper is easy to cut" might have been thinking about [scissors gliding through paper](https://twitter.com/MattBellassai/status/547860331352326144).
\* An example of a modal licensing middle construction is "This blouse won't wash" (p. 126, example 27.f).
\*\* In linguistics, the patient is the recipient of the action of the verb, as in "Mary cuts *the paper*."
**Citations:**
Massam, D. (1992). Null objects and non-thematic subjects. Journal of Linguistics, 28(01), 115. <https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022226700015012> | I suggest that this is an example of the confusion between transitive and intransitive verbs found in American speech. If the sentence had contained an object of the verb cut there would have been no confusion. |
464,223 | I have posted a question titled "Why does paper cut so well?" ([on the Physics stack exchange](https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/427827/why-does-paper-cut-through-things-so-well)). After a while, I noticed that over 40 people understood the question as "Why is it so easy to cut paper (with a pair of scissors)?". But what I meant was that it was easy to cut things with paper, paper being the cutting material. So I edited the question to make it more explicit.
I am not a native English speaker, and I completely missed the ambiguity. And now that I know about it, even if I force myself, I am unable to understand the question "Why does paper cut so well?" as "Why is it so easy to cut through paper?". I would understand if the question was "How can paper be cut so well?". So using "to be cut" as opposed to "to cut".
I wonder what I am missing. How is it possible to understand the question that way? | 2018/09/13 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/464223",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/315436/"
] | This kind of construction has been called an "internal argument as subject" construction, but is more broadly known as a "**middle construction**," as in between active and passive. It strikes me as not particularly unusual, if maybe a little bit literary.
For example, from Massam (1991), where "\_" marks the empty structural object:
>
> This article analyses middle constructions in English, accounting for their
> key syntactic and semantic properties. The analysis rests on the observation
> that there are certain similarities between middle, *tough* and recipe-context
> null-object constructions, such as in (ia-c).
>
>
> (i) (a) This bread cuts \_ easily.
>
>
> (b) This bread is easy to cut \_.
>
>
> (c) Take bread. Cut \_ carefully (and arrange \_ nicely).
>
>
>
Here are some more examples of IASCs, from the same article:
>
> (7) (a) The brown bread cuts easily.
>
>
> (b) This blouse washes like a dream.
>
>
> (c) [The soup that eats like a meal](https://www.campbells.com/campbell-soup/chunky/). (Campbell's advertisement)
>
>
>
From the author's conclusion, which I will attempt to summarize at the end:
>
> In this way, middles
> are claimed to ... involve non-thematic chains which are licensed by being co-indexed with a chain which does receive a theta-role [and to] involve empty reflexives which do not arise via Move-α
> but which are base-generated. ... The view of middles utilized here is one which considers their defining
> property to consist of an element of modality which appears in INFL and
> which is usually further spelled out by an overt adverbial or modal element.
> It is this element which is able (universally) to license a non-thematic subject
> which serves to identify a null object.
>
>
>
In other words, the author of the paper suggests **not** that "paper" moves from the object position to the subject, but rather the presence of an adverbial like "well" or "easily" (or a modal\*) allows for the use of a [patient](http://www.sfu.ca/person/dearmond/322/322.theta.roles.htm#patient)\*\* as a structural subject in an English middle construction.
After all, it would be odd to say "?Paper cuts" to mean "Paper is cuttable."
So in other words, the fact that you want to say something like "You can cut paper easily" allows you to instead say the English sentence "Paper cuts easily," which is indeed ambiguous with "Paper cuts [other things] easily."
That some people analyzed your title as one or the other depends on the fact that paper is both cut often and cuts people frequently (after all, we have the word "[paper cut](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/paper_cut#English)"), and it just depends on which association came to mind more easily for each person.
For example, me, and other people who interpreted your sentence as "paper is easy to cut" might have been thinking about [scissors gliding through paper](https://twitter.com/MattBellassai/status/547860331352326144).
\* An example of a modal licensing middle construction is "This blouse won't wash" (p. 126, example 27.f).
\*\* In linguistics, the patient is the recipient of the action of the verb, as in "Mary cuts *the paper*."
**Citations:**
Massam, D. (1992). Null objects and non-thematic subjects. Journal of Linguistics, 28(01), 115. <https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022226700015012> | This is an interesting case. The difficulty is often spotting such things in your own writing, or when editing work from someone with the same viewpoint. This is just as true for native speakers, in fact we may be more likely to pick up on a second meaning with a slang or idiomatic background.
It is of course easily avoided. You can rewrite the sentence – "Why does paper cut *skin* so well?" – or give a gentle steer in the right direction – "Why does paper cut so effectively?" (instead of "Why does paper cut so easily?"). In technical work, rephrasing is often best, to remove the residual ambiguity. |
464,223 | I have posted a question titled "Why does paper cut so well?" ([on the Physics stack exchange](https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/427827/why-does-paper-cut-through-things-so-well)). After a while, I noticed that over 40 people understood the question as "Why is it so easy to cut paper (with a pair of scissors)?". But what I meant was that it was easy to cut things with paper, paper being the cutting material. So I edited the question to make it more explicit.
I am not a native English speaker, and I completely missed the ambiguity. And now that I know about it, even if I force myself, I am unable to understand the question "Why does paper cut so well?" as "Why is it so easy to cut through paper?". I would understand if the question was "How can paper be cut so well?". So using "to be cut" as opposed to "to cut".
I wonder what I am missing. How is it possible to understand the question that way? | 2018/09/13 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/464223",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/315436/"
] | As somebody who also got the wrong meaning of your question.
There is another reason: how expected a concept is.
As the other posters have said your sentence is constructed in a way that was ambiguous, so people use their experience to asses what you are asking.
It is much much much more common to discuss cutting paper than being cut by paper\*, so people presume you are discussing cutting paper, as 9 time out of 10 you will be.
---
* unless you are holding a bleeding finger under their nose and saying "why does paper cut so well?" | This is an interesting case. The difficulty is often spotting such things in your own writing, or when editing work from someone with the same viewpoint. This is just as true for native speakers, in fact we may be more likely to pick up on a second meaning with a slang or idiomatic background.
It is of course easily avoided. You can rewrite the sentence – "Why does paper cut *skin* so well?" – or give a gentle steer in the right direction – "Why does paper cut so effectively?" (instead of "Why does paper cut so easily?"). In technical work, rephrasing is often best, to remove the residual ambiguity. |
464,223 | I have posted a question titled "Why does paper cut so well?" ([on the Physics stack exchange](https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/427827/why-does-paper-cut-through-things-so-well)). After a while, I noticed that over 40 people understood the question as "Why is it so easy to cut paper (with a pair of scissors)?". But what I meant was that it was easy to cut things with paper, paper being the cutting material. So I edited the question to make it more explicit.
I am not a native English speaker, and I completely missed the ambiguity. And now that I know about it, even if I force myself, I am unable to understand the question "Why does paper cut so well?" as "Why is it so easy to cut through paper?". I would understand if the question was "How can paper be cut so well?". So using "to be cut" as opposed to "to cut".
I wonder what I am missing. How is it possible to understand the question that way? | 2018/09/13 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/464223",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/315436/"
] | This kind of construction has been called an "internal argument as subject" construction, but is more broadly known as a "**middle construction**," as in between active and passive. It strikes me as not particularly unusual, if maybe a little bit literary.
For example, from Massam (1991), where "\_" marks the empty structural object:
>
> This article analyses middle constructions in English, accounting for their
> key syntactic and semantic properties. The analysis rests on the observation
> that there are certain similarities between middle, *tough* and recipe-context
> null-object constructions, such as in (ia-c).
>
>
> (i) (a) This bread cuts \_ easily.
>
>
> (b) This bread is easy to cut \_.
>
>
> (c) Take bread. Cut \_ carefully (and arrange \_ nicely).
>
>
>
Here are some more examples of IASCs, from the same article:
>
> (7) (a) The brown bread cuts easily.
>
>
> (b) This blouse washes like a dream.
>
>
> (c) [The soup that eats like a meal](https://www.campbells.com/campbell-soup/chunky/). (Campbell's advertisement)
>
>
>
From the author's conclusion, which I will attempt to summarize at the end:
>
> In this way, middles
> are claimed to ... involve non-thematic chains which are licensed by being co-indexed with a chain which does receive a theta-role [and to] involve empty reflexives which do not arise via Move-α
> but which are base-generated. ... The view of middles utilized here is one which considers their defining
> property to consist of an element of modality which appears in INFL and
> which is usually further spelled out by an overt adverbial or modal element.
> It is this element which is able (universally) to license a non-thematic subject
> which serves to identify a null object.
>
>
>
In other words, the author of the paper suggests **not** that "paper" moves from the object position to the subject, but rather the presence of an adverbial like "well" or "easily" (or a modal\*) allows for the use of a [patient](http://www.sfu.ca/person/dearmond/322/322.theta.roles.htm#patient)\*\* as a structural subject in an English middle construction.
After all, it would be odd to say "?Paper cuts" to mean "Paper is cuttable."
So in other words, the fact that you want to say something like "You can cut paper easily" allows you to instead say the English sentence "Paper cuts easily," which is indeed ambiguous with "Paper cuts [other things] easily."
That some people analyzed your title as one or the other depends on the fact that paper is both cut often and cuts people frequently (after all, we have the word "[paper cut](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/paper_cut#English)"), and it just depends on which association came to mind more easily for each person.
For example, me, and other people who interpreted your sentence as "paper is easy to cut" might have been thinking about [scissors gliding through paper](https://twitter.com/MattBellassai/status/547860331352326144).
\* An example of a modal licensing middle construction is "This blouse won't wash" (p. 126, example 27.f).
\*\* In linguistics, the patient is the recipient of the action of the verb, as in "Mary cuts *the paper*."
**Citations:**
Massam, D. (1992). Null objects and non-thematic subjects. Journal of Linguistics, 28(01), 115. <https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022226700015012> | As somebody who also got the wrong meaning of your question.
There is another reason: how expected a concept is.
As the other posters have said your sentence is constructed in a way that was ambiguous, so people use their experience to asses what you are asking.
It is much much much more common to discuss cutting paper than being cut by paper\*, so people presume you are discussing cutting paper, as 9 time out of 10 you will be.
---
* unless you are holding a bleeding finger under their nose and saying "why does paper cut so well?" |
464,223 | I have posted a question titled "Why does paper cut so well?" ([on the Physics stack exchange](https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/427827/why-does-paper-cut-through-things-so-well)). After a while, I noticed that over 40 people understood the question as "Why is it so easy to cut paper (with a pair of scissors)?". But what I meant was that it was easy to cut things with paper, paper being the cutting material. So I edited the question to make it more explicit.
I am not a native English speaker, and I completely missed the ambiguity. And now that I know about it, even if I force myself, I am unable to understand the question "Why does paper cut so well?" as "Why is it so easy to cut through paper?". I would understand if the question was "How can paper be cut so well?". So using "to be cut" as opposed to "to cut".
I wonder what I am missing. How is it possible to understand the question that way? | 2018/09/13 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/464223",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/315436/"
] | It might have to do with the describing construction that exists in English in the form of:
>
> *Object* + *Applicable action* + *Adverb*
>
>
>
In this case, let me change the verb *cut* to *shred*.
Consider this passage, then:
>
> Paper shreds well. Glass, however, doesn't. It shatters before it can be shred, when run through a shredder.
>
>
>
Here, it's not very ambiguous that we're talking about the property of the materials paper and glass, and their degree of ability to be shred. However, the context necessary for the passage to be understood that way is present.
If the passage were just:
>
> Paper shreds well. Glass, however, doesn't.
>
>
>
...then it is a bit more ambiguous. Logically speaking, paper as a material is not a worthwhile material to do any shredding, whereas glass would, so logically this doesn't make sense. Therefore, the other sense needs to be taken into account, to make logical sense of what's being said.
It's likely that whoever mistook your context for the other context didn't immediately think credible that paper would be the cutting agent and not the material that is being cut. | I suggest that this is an example of the confusion between transitive and intransitive verbs found in American speech. If the sentence had contained an object of the verb cut there would have been no confusion. |
464,223 | I have posted a question titled "Why does paper cut so well?" ([on the Physics stack exchange](https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/427827/why-does-paper-cut-through-things-so-well)). After a while, I noticed that over 40 people understood the question as "Why is it so easy to cut paper (with a pair of scissors)?". But what I meant was that it was easy to cut things with paper, paper being the cutting material. So I edited the question to make it more explicit.
I am not a native English speaker, and I completely missed the ambiguity. And now that I know about it, even if I force myself, I am unable to understand the question "Why does paper cut so well?" as "Why is it so easy to cut through paper?". I would understand if the question was "How can paper be cut so well?". So using "to be cut" as opposed to "to cut".
I wonder what I am missing. How is it possible to understand the question that way? | 2018/09/13 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/464223",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/315436/"
] | This kind of construction has been called an "internal argument as subject" construction, but is more broadly known as a "**middle construction**," as in between active and passive. It strikes me as not particularly unusual, if maybe a little bit literary.
For example, from Massam (1991), where "\_" marks the empty structural object:
>
> This article analyses middle constructions in English, accounting for their
> key syntactic and semantic properties. The analysis rests on the observation
> that there are certain similarities between middle, *tough* and recipe-context
> null-object constructions, such as in (ia-c).
>
>
> (i) (a) This bread cuts \_ easily.
>
>
> (b) This bread is easy to cut \_.
>
>
> (c) Take bread. Cut \_ carefully (and arrange \_ nicely).
>
>
>
Here are some more examples of IASCs, from the same article:
>
> (7) (a) The brown bread cuts easily.
>
>
> (b) This blouse washes like a dream.
>
>
> (c) [The soup that eats like a meal](https://www.campbells.com/campbell-soup/chunky/). (Campbell's advertisement)
>
>
>
From the author's conclusion, which I will attempt to summarize at the end:
>
> In this way, middles
> are claimed to ... involve non-thematic chains which are licensed by being co-indexed with a chain which does receive a theta-role [and to] involve empty reflexives which do not arise via Move-α
> but which are base-generated. ... The view of middles utilized here is one which considers their defining
> property to consist of an element of modality which appears in INFL and
> which is usually further spelled out by an overt adverbial or modal element.
> It is this element which is able (universally) to license a non-thematic subject
> which serves to identify a null object.
>
>
>
In other words, the author of the paper suggests **not** that "paper" moves from the object position to the subject, but rather the presence of an adverbial like "well" or "easily" (or a modal\*) allows for the use of a [patient](http://www.sfu.ca/person/dearmond/322/322.theta.roles.htm#patient)\*\* as a structural subject in an English middle construction.
After all, it would be odd to say "?Paper cuts" to mean "Paper is cuttable."
So in other words, the fact that you want to say something like "You can cut paper easily" allows you to instead say the English sentence "Paper cuts easily," which is indeed ambiguous with "Paper cuts [other things] easily."
That some people analyzed your title as one or the other depends on the fact that paper is both cut often and cuts people frequently (after all, we have the word "[paper cut](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/paper_cut#English)"), and it just depends on which association came to mind more easily for each person.
For example, me, and other people who interpreted your sentence as "paper is easy to cut" might have been thinking about [scissors gliding through paper](https://twitter.com/MattBellassai/status/547860331352326144).
\* An example of a modal licensing middle construction is "This blouse won't wash" (p. 126, example 27.f).
\*\* In linguistics, the patient is the recipient of the action of the verb, as in "Mary cuts *the paper*."
**Citations:**
Massam, D. (1992). Null objects and non-thematic subjects. Journal of Linguistics, 28(01), 115. <https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022226700015012> | Suppose that you'd instead asked "Why does paper tear so well?" It would be completely obvious that you meant "Why is it so easy to tear paper?" and not "Why does paper tear other things so well?" In that case, the second parsing doesn't really make sense. However, in the case of "cut", both parsings make sense and some people picked the wrong one. Also, cutting paper with something is much more common than cutting something with paper, so people may well think of the wrong interpretation first.
So, yes, your title was ambiguous. However, the body of the question was clear so, anyone who misunderstood clearly hadn't read the actual question. |
464,223 | I have posted a question titled "Why does paper cut so well?" ([on the Physics stack exchange](https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/427827/why-does-paper-cut-through-things-so-well)). After a while, I noticed that over 40 people understood the question as "Why is it so easy to cut paper (with a pair of scissors)?". But what I meant was that it was easy to cut things with paper, paper being the cutting material. So I edited the question to make it more explicit.
I am not a native English speaker, and I completely missed the ambiguity. And now that I know about it, even if I force myself, I am unable to understand the question "Why does paper cut so well?" as "Why is it so easy to cut through paper?". I would understand if the question was "How can paper be cut so well?". So using "to be cut" as opposed to "to cut".
I wonder what I am missing. How is it possible to understand the question that way? | 2018/09/13 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/464223",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/315436/"
] | As somebody who also got the wrong meaning of your question.
There is another reason: how expected a concept is.
As the other posters have said your sentence is constructed in a way that was ambiguous, so people use their experience to asses what you are asking.
It is much much much more common to discuss cutting paper than being cut by paper\*, so people presume you are discussing cutting paper, as 9 time out of 10 you will be.
---
* unless you are holding a bleeding finger under their nose and saying "why does paper cut so well?" | Suppose that you'd instead asked "Why does paper tear so well?" It would be completely obvious that you meant "Why is it so easy to tear paper?" and not "Why does paper tear other things so well?" In that case, the second parsing doesn't really make sense. However, in the case of "cut", both parsings make sense and some people picked the wrong one. Also, cutting paper with something is much more common than cutting something with paper, so people may well think of the wrong interpretation first.
So, yes, your title was ambiguous. However, the body of the question was clear so, anyone who misunderstood clearly hadn't read the actual question. |
464,223 | I have posted a question titled "Why does paper cut so well?" ([on the Physics stack exchange](https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/427827/why-does-paper-cut-through-things-so-well)). After a while, I noticed that over 40 people understood the question as "Why is it so easy to cut paper (with a pair of scissors)?". But what I meant was that it was easy to cut things with paper, paper being the cutting material. So I edited the question to make it more explicit.
I am not a native English speaker, and I completely missed the ambiguity. And now that I know about it, even if I force myself, I am unable to understand the question "Why does paper cut so well?" as "Why is it so easy to cut through paper?". I would understand if the question was "How can paper be cut so well?". So using "to be cut" as opposed to "to cut".
I wonder what I am missing. How is it possible to understand the question that way? | 2018/09/13 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/464223",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/315436/"
] | It might have to do with the describing construction that exists in English in the form of:
>
> *Object* + *Applicable action* + *Adverb*
>
>
>
In this case, let me change the verb *cut* to *shred*.
Consider this passage, then:
>
> Paper shreds well. Glass, however, doesn't. It shatters before it can be shred, when run through a shredder.
>
>
>
Here, it's not very ambiguous that we're talking about the property of the materials paper and glass, and their degree of ability to be shred. However, the context necessary for the passage to be understood that way is present.
If the passage were just:
>
> Paper shreds well. Glass, however, doesn't.
>
>
>
...then it is a bit more ambiguous. Logically speaking, paper as a material is not a worthwhile material to do any shredding, whereas glass would, so logically this doesn't make sense. Therefore, the other sense needs to be taken into account, to make logical sense of what's being said.
It's likely that whoever mistook your context for the other context didn't immediately think credible that paper would be the cutting agent and not the material that is being cut. | This is an interesting case. The difficulty is often spotting such things in your own writing, or when editing work from someone with the same viewpoint. This is just as true for native speakers, in fact we may be more likely to pick up on a second meaning with a slang or idiomatic background.
It is of course easily avoided. You can rewrite the sentence – "Why does paper cut *skin* so well?" – or give a gentle steer in the right direction – "Why does paper cut so effectively?" (instead of "Why does paper cut so easily?"). In technical work, rephrasing is often best, to remove the residual ambiguity. |
6,140 | I have a task scheduling/assignment on machines problem (like a classic bin packing problem) with a twist in which the placement/assignment of one task affects the placement/assignment of other tasks (their placement needs to be jointly considered). I am trying to concurrently schedule the tasks and jointly consider their dependencies which can be expressed as a DAG. I have expressed the assignment problem as a MILP which is actually realized as a MIQCP in an effort to express the relations between the placements of different tasks through the constraints and minimize the number of decision variables.
However, the execution time of the optimization (CPLEX implementation) is significant, even for a really small unrealistic problem size, spanning from tens of seconds to a minute when I would ideally like to be subsecond. Two option that I am aware of is to perform the linearization of the problem, by moving from the discrete to the continuous representation, or increase the number of variables and eliminate the quadratic terms. Since this is an already proven hard problem, solving the entire MILP in practice is usually not scalable. Approaches in the past have mapped the scheduling problem into a network flow problem where a *MinCost-MaxFlow* heuristic algorithm is used to find the assignments (references: [[1]](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/isard-sosp09.pdf), [[2]](https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/srg/netos/camsas/pubs/osdi16-firmament.pdf)).
Instead of solving the entire MILP, the problem mapping to a network flow representation provides a heuristic *greedy* way to approach the assignment problem with the optimization objectives which performs much better in practice since it exploits graph properties and greedily solves the problem. However, trying to express the correlation between different tasks through the network flow representation for their concurrent scheduling and consideration, makes the option seem unfeasible. So my question is either if there is a way to track dependencies between tasks through a flow network joint scheduling approach or if any other approach exists that might map to the problem case and can meet the performance requirements of a heuristic approach. | 2021/04/23 | [
"https://or.stackexchange.com/questions/6140",
"https://or.stackexchange.com",
"https://or.stackexchange.com/users/5383/"
] | This is where decomposition algorithms (specifically Dantzig-Wolfe can be quite useful).
My thesis work and subsequent OSS in COIN provides APIs to do this kind of thing:
<https://projects.coin-or.org/Dip>
The basic idea is that the oracle is the graph implementation while the side constraints are modeled as the master constraints in the decomposition reformulation. | In general ILP solvers are not as efficient in solving the Maximum Matching problem. A comparison of efficient matching algorithm implementations, as well as an ILP formulation for the Maximum Cardinality Matching Problem and the Minimum Weight perfect matching problem can be found in Figures 5 and 6 of this paper:
Dimitrios Michail, Joris Kinable, Barak Naveh, and John V. Sichi. 2020. JGraphT—A Java Library for Graph Data Structures and Algorithms. ACM Trans. Math. Softw. 46, 2, Article 16 (June 2020). DOI:<https://doi.org/10.1145/3381449>
The ILP model is one or two orders of magnitude slower than the dedicated algorithmic implementations.
Implementing Matching algorithms for general graphs is actually hard and very labor intensive (that's why only a few graph libraries have implementations for these problems). Modifying an existing implementation to include a side constraint could be even harder. My recommendation is to use a dedicated implementation when possible, and to try an ILP formulation if you need side constraints. Implementing the ILP formulation is typically very easy for matchings and the ILP's performance is often adequate for most applications. |
272,745 | *The police will be here any minute now, so **I'll** advise you to let her go.*
When I search Google I can see that **I'd** is much more used than **I'll** before **advise**, but will it sound unnatural to native speakers to use ***"I'll advise..."***
I'm asking because in my example I feel that using **I'd** would sound to polite in the context? | 2021/01/20 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/272745",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/128243/"
] | Neither is particularly unnatural, but "I'd advise you" certainly is way more common. Both are grammatically correct.
"I'd advise you" would not be any less threatening here than "I'll advise you." Whether or not it felt threatening would depend entirely on the tone of voice and context (the context here certainly is threatening, and in a movie the tone would be too). | Yes, to a native speaker *I'll advise* sounds unusual, maybe even stilted or unnatural.
**I'll *(I will)* advise you** sounds like a statement about the future. But it's not clear why the speaker would be making a statement about the future in this context.
**I'd *(I would)* advise you** is a hypothetical, with an unspoken condition like "If you asked me for advice" or "If you want to survive".
Both forms are sometimes used to "soften" a statement, to make it more gentle than simply saying **I advise you to...**, but *would* is more common in this context. Whether it sounds "too polite" is a matter of opinion and context, but **I'd** is certainly common and idiomatic and sounds fine to this US English speaker. |
30,145 | Where should I start when learning logic? Should I start with syllogistic logic, predicate logic, etc? | 2015/12/01 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/30145",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/18182/"
] | In general, one starts with propositional logic. It is a 2-valued logic. Every statement can be proved with the help of truth tables. Propositional logic is also the logic we use in our every-day reasoning.
The study of propositional logic was initiated by Aristole, e.g. in his books of metaphysics.
You can learn propositional logic from any elementary textbook of logic or introduction into logic.
The next step could be either predicate calculus or modal logic. | I would start with first order predicate logic, which is foundational to others. Then move on to non-classical logics and modal logics.
If you want some book recommendations, I suggest Mendelson's Introduction to Mathematical Logic, Priest's Introduction to Non-Classical Logics, and Hughes and Cresswell's New Introduction to Modal Logic. |
30,145 | Where should I start when learning logic? Should I start with syllogistic logic, predicate logic, etc? | 2015/12/01 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/30145",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/18182/"
] | In standard logic courses, students start with simple **propositional logic** in order to familiarise with logical operators ("and", "or", " not", "if then"...) that connect propositions. They learn deduction rules for the operators and the truth tables associated with them. Then they go on and analyze propositions in terms of predicates, constants, variables and quantifiers ("for all", "there exists"): this is **predicate logic**. They learn the deduction rules for quantifiers and sometimes they learn to use Venn diagrams. Only then they might learn other logics (modal, intuitionist, many valued...) or other related aspects (proof theory, model theory...).
In mathematics curriculum, logic is often introduced through Boolean logic, which is just the algebra that corresponds to propositional logic. Syllogistic is interesting for an historical perspective on the development of logic from antiquity. It is the ancestor of modern predicate logic. | I would start with first order predicate logic, which is foundational to others. Then move on to non-classical logics and modal logics.
If you want some book recommendations, I suggest Mendelson's Introduction to Mathematical Logic, Priest's Introduction to Non-Classical Logics, and Hughes and Cresswell's New Introduction to Modal Logic. |
927,874 | I've used CVS and SVN. The problem I run into with both of them is that you have to explicitly perform all of the add/delete/update/move etc. operations using a tool that remembers those actions so that they can be committed. Tools like TortoiseSVN make life easier, but not as easy as I would like. IDE integration is nice, too, but I don't like be bound to do everything in an IDE. My problem is that I'll accidentally make updates or rename folders without using the appropriate tools, then my source gets messed up.
Is there a simple source control tool that will let me work however I want in a folder structure, and allow me to sync everything when I'm done?
I realize that this would make some features of traditional source control impossible, but I'd be fine with that. | 2009/05/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/927874",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/681/"
] | [Dropbox](http://www.getdropbox.com/) is a nice versioned source control-style app that requires a little setup and zero maintenance. Reverting to old versions isn't as efficient as the usual source control, and it tracks *all* your changes (you can't choose whether to commit).
Basically, you create a Dropbox folder on your computer, and everything you save is automatically synchronized. It's pretty fast (it reacts in minutes, not hours), and you get a gig or two of space.
So, you get less control, but it's super easy. I personally use it for my [Password Safe](http://passwordsafe.sourceforge.net/) database and my "to-do" list, so I can access them from any computer. | Even though you've had some issues in the past with SVN. I still think its the way to go. VisualSVN server provides a simple interface for setting everything up and there are a ton of free or low cost tools to use. |
927,874 | I've used CVS and SVN. The problem I run into with both of them is that you have to explicitly perform all of the add/delete/update/move etc. operations using a tool that remembers those actions so that they can be committed. Tools like TortoiseSVN make life easier, but not as easy as I would like. IDE integration is nice, too, but I don't like be bound to do everything in an IDE. My problem is that I'll accidentally make updates or rename folders without using the appropriate tools, then my source gets messed up.
Is there a simple source control tool that will let me work however I want in a folder structure, and allow me to sync everything when I'm done?
I realize that this would make some features of traditional source control impossible, but I'd be fine with that. | 2009/05/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/927874",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/681/"
] | [Dropbox](http://www.getdropbox.com/) is a nice versioned source control-style app that requires a little setup and zero maintenance. Reverting to old versions isn't as efficient as the usual source control, and it tracks *all* your changes (you can't choose whether to commit).
Basically, you create a Dropbox folder on your computer, and everything you save is automatically synchronized. It's pretty fast (it reacts in minutes, not hours), and you get a gig or two of space.
So, you get less control, but it's super easy. I personally use it for my [Password Safe](http://passwordsafe.sourceforge.net/) database and my "to-do" list, so I can access them from any computer. | While this does not answer the question itself I'd strongly recommend training yourself in using the version control system of your choice for everything. Once using the VC system became a habit there isn't much risk in messing up your source folder accidentally anymore (of course, the human factor still remains) and you get much better logs when explicitly working version-controlled than any tool doing automatic change-tracking.
On Windows, TortoiseSVN is a really nice tool that makes it quite easy to not overlook the VC system.
(to give an analogy of training one self in using a VC system: if you manage to get yourself trained using touch-typing you don't know anymore how you managed to live without it. Happened to me several years ago when I decided that I should learn it at least to be able of judging the system. I really don't understand how I typed before.)
As for the renaming issue you might want to look into git. It can cope with renames / moves without using the VC system itself. |
927,874 | I've used CVS and SVN. The problem I run into with both of them is that you have to explicitly perform all of the add/delete/update/move etc. operations using a tool that remembers those actions so that they can be committed. Tools like TortoiseSVN make life easier, but not as easy as I would like. IDE integration is nice, too, but I don't like be bound to do everything in an IDE. My problem is that I'll accidentally make updates or rename folders without using the appropriate tools, then my source gets messed up.
Is there a simple source control tool that will let me work however I want in a folder structure, and allow me to sync everything when I'm done?
I realize that this would make some features of traditional source control impossible, but I'd be fine with that. | 2009/05/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/927874",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/681/"
] | [Dropbox](http://www.getdropbox.com/) is a nice versioned source control-style app that requires a little setup and zero maintenance. Reverting to old versions isn't as efficient as the usual source control, and it tracks *all* your changes (you can't choose whether to commit).
Basically, you create a Dropbox folder on your computer, and everything you save is automatically synchronized. It's pretty fast (it reacts in minutes, not hours), and you get a gig or two of space.
So, you get less control, but it's super easy. I personally use it for my [Password Safe](http://passwordsafe.sourceforge.net/) database and my "to-do" list, so I can access them from any computer. | Newer distributed source control systems like [GIT](http://git-scm.com/), [Bazaar](http://bazaar-vcs.org/), and [Mercurial](http://www.selenic.com/mercurial/wiki/) (aka: Hg) all tend to be better at detecting broad changes done in the file system such as moving directories, renaming files and even replacing large chunks of the file system.
From my reading, Bazaar and Mercurial were essentially built from the ground up to handle this sort of free-form editing specifically because of how explicit SVN required you to be. |
927,874 | I've used CVS and SVN. The problem I run into with both of them is that you have to explicitly perform all of the add/delete/update/move etc. operations using a tool that remembers those actions so that they can be committed. Tools like TortoiseSVN make life easier, but not as easy as I would like. IDE integration is nice, too, but I don't like be bound to do everything in an IDE. My problem is that I'll accidentally make updates or rename folders without using the appropriate tools, then my source gets messed up.
Is there a simple source control tool that will let me work however I want in a folder structure, and allow me to sync everything when I'm done?
I realize that this would make some features of traditional source control impossible, but I'd be fine with that. | 2009/05/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/927874",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/681/"
] | Newer distributed source control systems like [GIT](http://git-scm.com/), [Bazaar](http://bazaar-vcs.org/), and [Mercurial](http://www.selenic.com/mercurial/wiki/) (aka: Hg) all tend to be better at detecting broad changes done in the file system such as moving directories, renaming files and even replacing large chunks of the file system.
From my reading, Bazaar and Mercurial were essentially built from the ground up to handle this sort of free-form editing specifically because of how explicit SVN required you to be. | Even though you've had some issues in the past with SVN. I still think its the way to go. VisualSVN server provides a simple interface for setting everything up and there are a ton of free or low cost tools to use. |
927,874 | I've used CVS and SVN. The problem I run into with both of them is that you have to explicitly perform all of the add/delete/update/move etc. operations using a tool that remembers those actions so that they can be committed. Tools like TortoiseSVN make life easier, but not as easy as I would like. IDE integration is nice, too, but I don't like be bound to do everything in an IDE. My problem is that I'll accidentally make updates or rename folders without using the appropriate tools, then my source gets messed up.
Is there a simple source control tool that will let me work however I want in a folder structure, and allow me to sync everything when I'm done?
I realize that this would make some features of traditional source control impossible, but I'd be fine with that. | 2009/05/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/927874",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/681/"
] | Newer distributed source control systems like [GIT](http://git-scm.com/), [Bazaar](http://bazaar-vcs.org/), and [Mercurial](http://www.selenic.com/mercurial/wiki/) (aka: Hg) all tend to be better at detecting broad changes done in the file system such as moving directories, renaming files and even replacing large chunks of the file system.
From my reading, Bazaar and Mercurial were essentially built from the ground up to handle this sort of free-form editing specifically because of how explicit SVN required you to be. | While this does not answer the question itself I'd strongly recommend training yourself in using the version control system of your choice for everything. Once using the VC system became a habit there isn't much risk in messing up your source folder accidentally anymore (of course, the human factor still remains) and you get much better logs when explicitly working version-controlled than any tool doing automatic change-tracking.
On Windows, TortoiseSVN is a really nice tool that makes it quite easy to not overlook the VC system.
(to give an analogy of training one self in using a VC system: if you manage to get yourself trained using touch-typing you don't know anymore how you managed to live without it. Happened to me several years ago when I decided that I should learn it at least to be able of judging the system. I really don't understand how I typed before.)
As for the renaming issue you might want to look into git. It can cope with renames / moves without using the VC system itself. |
2,243 | Briot and/or Cauchy are often said to have written the first papers on holomorphic functions, explicitly discussing them as such and their special properties.
Which papers are these? When and where were these published? | 2015/04/28 | [
"https://hsm.stackexchange.com/questions/2243",
"https://hsm.stackexchange.com",
"https://hsm.stackexchange.com/users/163/"
] | [Stefano Bordoni](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Stefano_Bordoni/info)'s 2012 [***Taming Complexity***](http://garrigou.us.to/browse/book/4326) ([e-book from ResearchGate](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Stefano_Bordoni/publication/234081619_Taming_Complexity._Duhem%27s_third_pathway_to_Thermodynamics/file/79e41511c9e8bd432e.pdf); [review](http://garrigou.us.to/misc/Physics%20papers%20and%20books/Duhem/Modern%20Duhem%20research/refs%20etc.%20from%20Bordoni%27s%20%C2%ABTaming%20Complexity%C2%BB/Needham%27s%20review%20of%20Bordoni.pdf)) is a good place to start.
(Bordoni has a master's degree in physics and *three* PhDs, in the history of science, anthropology and epistemology of complexity, and philosophy.)
Bordoni refers to
* Brush's 1986 ***[The Kind of Motion We Call Heat: A History of the Kinetic Theory of Gases in the 19th Century](http://garrigou.us.to/browse/book/4437)*** and
* Brush's & Hall's 2003 ***[Kinetic Theory of Gases: An Anthology of Classic Papers with Historical Commentary](http://garrigou.us.to/get/djvu/Kinetic%20Theory%20of%20Gases_%20An%20Anthology%20of%20Classic%20Papers%20with%20Historical%20Commentary%20-%20Brush%2C%20Stephen%20G.%20%26amp%3B%20Hall%2C%20Nancy%20S__4437.djvu)***,
which are both excellent "surveys of statistical mechanics," especially regarding the problem of whether reversible physical theory (e.g., mechanics) can account for irreversible phenomena (cf. Poincaré's famous "*Le mécanisme et l’expérience*" in the aforementioned anthology). | The following two books are also very good resources about this topic ; the first one has a more historical approach.
Carlo Cercignani, *Ludwig Boltzmann. The man who trusted atoms.* Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998. xviii+329 pp. ISBN: 0-19-850154-4
Giovanni Gallavotti, *Statistical mechanics. A short treatise.* Texts and Monographs in Physics. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1999. xiv+339 pp. ISBN: 3-540-64883-6 |
21,378 | I can't seem to wrap my head around how a bunch of organic transistors (neurons) could possibly produce a wave? What exactly is a brain wave? If you graph a brain wave what exactly would your X and Y axis represent? For example a sound wave is graphed with X axis being time and Y axis being pressure. If someone told me to recreate a brain wave and for this purpose gave me a bunch of neurons with complete and exact control of which neuron fires when how would I possibly create said wave? | 2018/12/29 | [
"https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/questions/21378",
"https://cogsci.stackexchange.com",
"https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/users/21169/"
] | In the general case of [EEG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroencephalography), the x-axis is time, and the y-axis is the voltage potential measured by an electrode placed on the scalp.
When others talk about "brain waves" they typically refer to oscillations visible in EEG electrode signals that have more power in a certain frequency range. For example, "Alpha brain waves" usually refer to EEG signals with maximum power in the range of 7-13 Hz. "Gamma waves" have frequencies >30 Hz.
The dominant theory of the origin of the waves is that they are the result of large populations of individual neurons firing action potentials in a synchronized fashion.
So, if you had the ability to make, say, a 1,000 neurons near the surface of the scalp fire at the same time, a scalp electrode placed above those neurons should register a significant voltage potential deviation around the time of the trigger. | The EEG (or Local Field Potential - LFP) is the result of currents flowing in and out of every neuron in the brain. As this current flows, a dipole is created which creates an electric field - this is what is measured at the electrode. There are details in [this excellent review](https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3241).
It is true that neurons tend to fire synchronously during epochs of oscillations but that is only part of the story. The voltage measured by the electrode also includes sub-threshold activity and it must be noted that the contribution of a current is scaled by 1/(r^2) where r is the distance to the electrode. This means that EEG usually only measures activity from neurons close to the electrode. Activity of subcortical structures (hippocampus, amygdala) get attenuated because they are too far away. That is why you have to actually stick an electrode into the brain to measure from these structures. |
45,539 | I've just put new pads on shimano deore disc brakes for the first time. I pushed the pistons right in until flush, popped in the new pads easily, but when I pull the lever the pads stay against the disc. It's a slight but continuous rub at the front, but the rear barely moves.
I'd recently flushed with worn-out pads, so I thought possibly there was too much oil. I pushed the pistons back in allowing excess to leave, but same problem.
I recently did a long drive with the bike on the back exposed to rain and salt which I don't think helped. Any suggestions? | 2017/03/03 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/45539",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/31740/"
] | Deore disc brakes (and most others) use a spring to apply pressure to the pads which helps the pistons and pads retract when you release the brakes (the primary return mechanism for the hydraulic system is a spring in the piston assembly in the lever, however as this only acts on the pistons the pad return spring is responsible for separating the pads from the rotor). Often a pad return spring will come with the new pads ([an example listing from CRC](http://www.chainreactioncycles.com/au/en/shimano-xtr-xt-slx-deore-a-type-disc-brake-pads/rp-prod28842)) but if not you can reuse the old spring as long as it is undamaged.
If you don't recall installing the spring when you changed the pads it may have fallen out and gotten lost, or it remained in the caliper when you removed the old pads and is now sitting underneath the new pads. When installing the new pads for this style of brake the prongs of the spring should sit either side of the friction material and rest on the face of the metal backing plate closest to the rotor ([~5:30 in the linked video shows the process](https://www.pinkbike.com/news/tech-tuesday-shimano-brake-pad-replacement-2010.html)). The holes for the retention pin should line up as well. | If you did all of the above answers and it's still not quite right.
The next question would be have you ever changed your brake fluid?
Depending on riding style, conditions, etc. usually by the time you need new pads on a mineral oil type brake it is also time to change the fluid.
This is something that if you don't have quite a bit of experience in doing should be left to a pro.
Note- not all bike shops have "pro" mechs you might need to shop around to find someone who actually knows what they are doing.
Cheers |
1,617 | The problem with all encompassing policies is that people tend to use those instead of using the brain and determining whether a question possesses or not the bad qualities that make game-rec's toxic for the site.
What exactly is a game-rec? | 2011/01/18 | [
"https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/1617",
"https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/users/23/"
] | So, your typical game recommendation is a question that has two qualities.
1. **A shopping recommendation** - shopping recommendations are considered off-topic because of being too localized, often subjective, and tend to attract discussion. These kinds of questions solicit *opinions of what is a good buy, or if they think one or more specific items are a good buy*.
2. **An itemized list of games satisfying one or more criteria**. Real questions may attract multiple valid answers, but a key factor is that each individual answer attempts to provide a solid conclusion to the question. These kinds of questions *attract items, not answers, and thus do not individually solve the question*.
You can imagine, as I'm not supplying one myself, a Venn Diagram of two circles - itemized lists of games in one circle and shopping recommendations in the other circle. The typical game recommendation is the overlapping area between them.
Game recommendations are either shopping recommendations or itemized lists. They comprise the entire Venn Diagram, not just the overlap.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Most people think that it's only the intersection that's a "game recommendation", but really the term applies to both sides.
*"Should I buy Black Ops or Halo?"* doesn't explicitly seek a list. *"What games feature crazy gun-kata?"* doesn't explicitly seek opinions. Yet both are problem posts. And, most importantly, **their presence on the site weakens our ability to close the truly problematic posts**. The lack of listing in a request for opinions does not remove the fact it's still soliciting opinions of what should be bought. The presence of subjective request is not the defining problem of repositories - it's the itemized lists they promote which result in low quality answers and conflicting voting schemes that occur regardless of the author's phrasing.
Ultimately to keep ourselves safe of the problems of these posts, we need to stop things with either criteria, not simply both.
---
An aside.
Sometimes, these questions can be salvaged. Some shopping advice questions can be remodelled so that they focus more on the comparison of the items. *It is important to suggest this kind of revision even if it doesn't seem to change the nature of the answers*. Even if a question is asking all about how two games are compared on various categories, the choice of wording affects what people see as acceptable. Regardless of the answer it elicits, it can give an image that asking for help in shopping is accepted, and this must be avoided.
The problem with itemized lists is in the nature of their answers, not in the questions themselves. It seems a shame, but these questions are ultimately a dead-end. We're simply *not* the proper resource to try and find the next game to play. | Lately, we're getting a lot of scuffles of the fashion of "These are kinda like game recs, what should we do about them?" for different kinds of list questions. There is a lot of back and forth on these, and in the mess of it, the concept of what is acceptable is getting lost. Some of these do qualify for all the same flaws that game recs do, sometimes they don't. I will save people the trouble of my [extended treatise on the subject](https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/997/handling-game-recommendations-how-can-we-solve-these-two-problems-of-quality) and be brief here - onwards to **some tips on how to understand acceptability of multiple answers**.
---
The acceptable goal of a question is that *answers provide conclusions to the question on their own merits*. They can have more than one answer as long as each good answer still provides a conclusion.
* *How many stars are there in Mario Galaxy 2?* : A good answer yields either a number, or a break down.
* *How can I effectively throw my opponent into Hell's Artifical Sun?* : A good answer gives effective scenarios or maneuvers.
* *Where are the 4 subtanks located?* : A good answer lists out all 4 locations.
* *[KHAAAAAAAAN!](https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/15828/juaaaaaaaan-how-to-kill-him "I might get Force Lightning'd for this one... but I picked on the agrestal one too much anyway.")* : A good answer gives a winning strategy to defeat the boss.
A "list question" is just when the answers come in a list, with the meaningfulness of the list retained across multiple answers. Once you get past the "best X" lists (Subjective and Argumentative) and the vague or overly broad lists (Not A Real Question), it then boils down to whether the list is *itemized* or not. If it is itemized, the "solution" is the full list, from which individual items are drawn in the form of answers. If it is not itemized, then the "solution" can be found in a single answer to the question, even if it comes out like a list.
A good litmus test to determine the salvageability of a given list is to see if you can **transform it into a question that meaningfully retains the original problem, and is solved by a single answer**. These transformations actually typically remove the class of item being listed, yet you'll still get those answers. So it remains a list question, but it's no longer itemized!
* *What programs record gameplay?* : An item is a program. → *How can I record videos of my gameplay?* : Problem is recording gameplay. A good answer may give a program.
* *List of websites for levels of Little Big Planet?* : An item is an online resource. → *Where can I find levels for Little Big Planet?* : Problem is finding levels for Little Big Planet. A good answer may link to an online resource.
Let's take a look at an example game-rec.
* *What games include scarf-wearing archer girls?* : An item is a game.
The meaningful transformation of this, to retain the goal of the asker, is into summat like "I like scarf-wearing archer girls, what game should I get?". We don't allow shopping recommendations (regardless of the presence or lack of monetary exchange). The same would go for custom maps or custom game modes. Our only choices are "Itemized List" and "Shopping Recommendation", and we don't accept either. See where that Venn Diagram on my other answer comes from? ♪
When you run into a list next time and aren't sure what to do, try this, **Can it be transformed?**, and consequently **Is the end result acceptable and won't get closed?**, and run from there. If you're still unsure, always remember that you can always ask a Meta question. |
8,603 | I have planted a couple herbs 2 - 3 weeks ago and this is the result.
It seems the wild rocket has pretty much all come up, the others had similar number of seeds planted but not making a show.
2x basil, 1x mint, 1x sage, 1x rocket.
Its been on a windows sill, no direct sun but good light (for the UK at this time of year). Also been keeping it under a lamp when its been overly cloudy.
Are the rest a lost cause? Is this usual when growing from seeds?
How can I get the rest to either come up, or the next batch work well. The seeds are new, purchased from a seemingly reputable (20k+ good feedback) organic seller on ebay.
 | 2013/10/27 | [
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/8603",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/users/2855/"
] | Your plants need the UV light, so blocking 99% of it will be too much. You should stay at around 50-60%. | Where I used to work, we raised mostly bedding plants in a nursery about 50 miles north of Atlanta, Georgia (putting us a little north of the 34th parallel). We covered our greenhouse with shade cloth at the spring equinox and removed it at the autumn equinox. I don't have a record of how much light we blocked, but it was probably about 40%. |
116,596 | Most Bitcoin mining sites on Android either shut down or become unable to withdraw after a while.
Could there be a real mining site on android or is there a functioning one yet? | 2023/01/02 | [
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/116596",
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com",
"https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/users/139036/"
] | >
> **Could there be a real mining site on android**
>
>
>
No, because
* You can't mine Bitcoin using a mobile phone.
* Websites offering to mine Bitcoin for you are all scams (with only a tiny tiny room for doubt). | It is too late to mine bitcoin unless you have mining rig that hashes at at least 100 TH and can afford 2.5 kW/h.electricity costs, and can afford to hold your coin for about 5-10 years. Just saying approximately |
17,836 | I'm watching the Olympics. The skiers in the "classic" events like giant slalom or the downhill carry poles. But they never seem to use them for anything. I don't see the poles touch the ground unless it's part of falling. Some of the slalom skiers seem to use the guard on the pole to push the gates aside, but a big rigid glove could maybe serve that purpose. There also seems to be a role in getting back up after falling, but that is not a normal part of a run.
Is it habit or tradition? Does it help them to balance, like the long pole a tightrope walker uses? Is it for the first few strides at the very beginning of the race?
I know that ski jumpers and arials don't use them, so it's certainly possible to get down a hill without poles. What value do they bring? | 2018/02/17 | [
"https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/17836",
"https://sports.stackexchange.com",
"https://sports.stackexchange.com/users/4832/"
] | The key thing poles are used for in downhill is the launch through the gate. But poles also provide balance, and help them keep or get out of trouble. | The question is legitimate by a person who has never skied.
The poles help professional skiers during the races (as amateur skiers) to maintain a better balance. With the sticks you can move the weight (and so also the center of gravity) to right and left also allowing to support a higher speed |
6,024 | I have a dilemma I've seen, both in other people's posts and in mine. Lots of people come up with lots of great, different ideas for solutions to different parts of the problem. But since no one person summarizes all of these subsets into one perfect solution, and no-one's solution "fragment" seems better than another, I feel uncomfortable up/downvoting or accepting any one person's individual solution. Solutions, please?
Hoping I won't need to use your techniques for this post :) | 2018/04/20 | [
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/6024",
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/users/49578/"
] | This seems to happen a lot on Worldbuilding SE. It certainly seems to happen a fair bit to me, particularly about acceptance.
I disagree with Secespitus in that especially on its own, **multiple valid answers isn't *necessarily* a sign that the question is poorly formed.** It *might* be one hint towards that, but it might just as well simply be a sign that there are many different solutions to the problem in the question, each with its own set of trade-offs, or answers bring up different points that are all worthy of consideration.
*That's one situation in which I feel that accepting any single answer might not be the best choice.*
Rather, just vote up the answers that you like, and hold off on accepting any one answer.
**Not every question needs to have an accepted answer.** Of the 44 questions I myself have asked on the site to date, only 17 have an accepted answer. However, many more of those have (often multiple) answers that I have voted up. Sometimes there's a single clearly *best* or *most useful* answer, but far more often, at least to me, it's the combination of multiple answers which ultimately provides the solution. *And that's fine!* | In theory those are signs of a bad questions and bad answers.
A question should have clear criteria for what makes an answer better than another answer. And answers should answer the *complete* answer. If it's only possible to answer part of the problem in a reasonable answer the question is too broad and should be temporarily put on hold as such to narrow down the scope sufficiently so that it can be answered.
In practice it might be the case that some people use different wordings or approaches to solve something. In those cases both answers may be valid and ideally there are some criteria that will make sure that one could theoretically decide somewhat objectively which answer is better - but both are good, both are *useful* and could for example solve the problem as posed in the question. If you hover over the upvote button you can see that it says (emphasis mine) "This question shows research effort; **it is useful and clear**" -> that means all valid, useful and clear answers would deserve an upvote. Other answers don't necessarily deserve downvotes as long as they are not unclear, don't show any effort or are simply not useful. There is quite a big gray area here.
Furthermore there are different styles of writing. My posts tend to be relatively long and many people prefer shorter answers, therefore you might sometimes find that people have similar ideas but pose them in a more succinct way in their own words. That's okay.
About accepting an answer you might want to read my answer to [Is it better to accept an answer that's not quite what you were looking for or leave a question unanswered?](https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/a/5292/28789):
>
> The thing about accepting an answer is that it is totally, completely, absolutely only up to you to decide whether something was helpful. You can decide when and what to accept or nothing at all if nothing was quite the answer you were looking for.
>
>
>
Sometimes people will start a Community Wiki if they feel that there are lots of different approaches or they want to outline which parts they used and what they modified. Community Wikis are a difficult topic though. The original idea was to make it easier to edit stuff, but then they came up with the option of suggesting edits and nowadays you will rarely find community wikis. There are a few usecases, but in general it's not the best way to go.
Upvote useful stuff, downvote stuff that's not useful, accept stuff that helped you (if you truly think it was helpful and solved your complete problem), place a bounty with an explanation that you need a *canonical answer* that solves all problems with one coherent approach if you think there are only some small parts missing in each answer (that is still valid; if it's not valid flag it as "Not an answer").
There will always be something someone forgets. The more people look at something the better something becomes. Here on WorldBuilding there is often not the "one true answer", but many different approaches and therefore having multiple answers that go in different directions is quite normal. Plus, someone will always have a comment with stuff that the original answerer forgot. Sometimes it should be edited into the answer, sometimes it's just a little "nice-to-know" - but in the end nothing is ever truly perfect and complete. [80% is often good enough.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareto_principle) |
33,849 | I have a customer who has a very, very dark room that she wants to take portraits in. I'm photographing a 2 month old baby. What type of lighting should I use? | 2013/01/25 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/33849",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/15783/"
] | We take photos with light. You can't take photos in a very dark room.
The usual approach for babies is to bounce the flashes off the ceiling (if its white). This gives a nice soft light.
These photos of my grand-daughter were taken with three small strobes/speedlights bounced off the ceiling.
<http://www.flickr.com/photos/the_old_curmudgeon/8398939989/in/photostream> | Well...
...first, you didn't say what kind of mood you'd like. Also, you left the question quite general. Hence I'll try to give you some *general* tips:
* *flash* (like the others said) bounced on the ceiling give a soft look, *but* usually this scares the babies which are so young, and I presume that the stark contrast of the unexpected powerful light compared with the darkness of the room could scary a lot the baby, hence, because of the possibility of a very unpleasant reaction from child, you will not have the occasion to shot many frames.
* *there is a logic in light*. Why the client wants to shot the baby in there? In what pose? Is better to tell us these things. Perhaps she wants to photograph him asleep? Perhaps the room is important? Perhaps she doesn't want a simple head-and-shoulders portrait but an environmental portrait? Hence I think that's better to have a logic in light. While a ceiling-bounced flash *might* simulate the normal light which is in a room, perhaps is better to put one or more [lamps](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/B003XJMBPW) [with](http://www.houzz.com/photos/lamp-shades) [lampshades](http://www.amazon.com/Lampshades-Lamps-Bases-Shades-Lighting/b?ie=UTF8&node=10727221) in order to give a different, more intimate mood and make the baby more cooperative. Also, I think that you can achieve a very good mood with this solution.
* you can also *combine* the two solutions above but you must be careful at how the light will fall and also at different temperatures of light (a gel might help). Also in this case the flash, which will act like a fill flash, won't be so scary for the baby.
* again, taking in consideration that you need to show also the room, you must have in mind *the high ISOs* (this applies especially if you use the lamps only), *the fast aperture lens* (eg. primes) (which gives you low DoF to separate your subject, keep the ISO and shutter at desired values) and in the case of using flash consider *dragging the shutter* in order to show also what's around.
Good luck and good light! |
568,162 | >
> The young perish and the old linger, withering.
>
> *[The Two Towers](https://www.google.it/books/edition/The_Two_Towers/12e8PJ2T7sQC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22The%20young%20perish%20and%20the%20old%20linger,%20withering%22&pg=PT74&printsec=frontcover)* by J.R.R. Tolkien
>
>
>
Is there a common English phrase for when an old person, unfortunately, watches a young person die before them, even though the old one wishes it were the other way around?
For example, imagine a grandma watches her beloved grandchild die because of an incurable disease. | 2021/05/31 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/568162",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/120439/"
] | >
> The young perish and the old linger, withering.
>
>
>
Some consider this to be a [personal commentary on World War II](https://dc.swosu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1264&context=mythlore)
As you may recall, both of Tolkien's sons were combatants in the war. It seems that as a worried parent he was possibly making a personal comment about the unjust toll taken upon the youth of the world during war...so I will answer in the same vein *with a qualification...*
---
****...Unless*** you are looking for a more common phrase* as used in cases of fatalities from accident or child-hood disease...
>
> "No parent should have to bury their child."
>
>
>
...which ironically also comes from Tolkien (King Theoden) and is more well-known.
---
...***I am offering*** a few suggestions:
“War is young men dying and old men talking” -FDR
“I'm fed up to the ears with old men dreaming up wars for young men to die in.” -George McGovern
"Old soldiers never die, they just fade away" -General Douglas MacArthur
---
***But for me,*** the most significant comment comes from a long forgotten poem...
If I were fierce, and bald, and short of breath, ...
I'd live with scarlet Majors at the Base,
And speed glum heroes up the line to death.
You'd see me with my puffy petulant face,
Guzzling and gulping in the best hotel,
Reading the Roll of Honour. "Poor young chap,"
I'd say—"I used to know his father well;
Yes, we've lost heavily in this last scrap."
***And when the war is done and youth stone dead,
I'd toddle safely home and die—in bed.***
*Base Details* by Siegfried Sasoon (1917)
---
All of that said, ***the original from Tolkien is almost poetry***; and like most poetry it is wide-open for interpretation. | >
> Is there a common English phrase for when an old person, unfortunately, watches a young person die before them, even though the old one wishes it were the other way around?
>
>
>
Reading all of the above, it appears that the answer is *"No, there isn't."*
There is nothing more than phrases, some common, some good, some bad that express the emotion of such an event. |
32,507,762 | I have a form in MS Access (datasheet view) which is based on the output of a SQL Server query. Now this is used in a front end where the user needs to be able to select from a drop down the value for one of the columns, 'NAME'. I tried adding a combo box which is mapped to take distinct names from the SQL Server table to the datasheet form but the results were not as desired.
Kindly provide advice on how this can be possible. I did this before by using a lookup on a similar MS Access database, but in a multi-user environment, the database was corrupted and now I moved my back end to SQL Server. | 2015/09/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/32507762",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2556655/"
] | Just got the answer to my question. here are the steps I followed.
a) Add a combo box to the datasheet form in design view like Johnny Bones suggested.
b) Create a drop down with values.
c) Point the Control Source property to the field in the SQL Server table which needs to be updated, in this case NAME.
d) And voila, your drop-down now shows the values in the table and you can include a drop down for the user.
Thank you for pointing me in the right direction Johnny. | In datasheet view, I think you'll need to set up the field in the table.
1. Open the table in Design View
2. Click on the specific field in question
3. At the bottom you will see 2 tabs; General and Lookup (I
apologize, my work doesn't allow me to upload pics, so I hope you
can visualize it)
4. On the Lookup tab, change the Display Control from Text Box to
Combo Box
At that point, the properties should look familiar if you've worked with Combo Boxes, and you can change them to suit your needs. |
3,227 | I need a database of malicious code for MIPS processor Assembly or C to inject in Mibench and evaluate my detection mechanism at run time. Is there anything like this for MIPS? what about for other processors?
I have shellcodes for MIPS and I want virus like codes for MIPS.
Don't we have any attack benchmark for this purpose? | 2013/12/19 | [
"https://reverseengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/3227",
"https://reverseengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://reverseengineering.stackexchange.com/users/3427/"
] | You are asking for a database of MIPS code for evaluating a detection technique, but I'm not sure that there are databases of embedded malware for public evaluation the same way that there are databases of desktop malware. If there are, I would love to know about them.
As an alternative (and I am sure you have done this), try searching for examples of MIPS shellcode and crafting exploits that work on your own framework. This is a lot of work, but there are definitely examples of MIPS shellcode and malicious embedded logic described in articles (like [www.shell-storm.org/shellcode](http://www.shell-storm.org/shellcode), [metasploit](http://www.metasploit.com), etc.) that you could use. They are just not in a unified database. Also, you may need to do some work to craft things that will exploit things in MiBench. | If you want a database about malicious code, you may want to take a look at IDS and antivirus, like [ClamAV](http://www.clamav.net/lang/en/) or [Snort](http://snort.org/). |
32,953 | Data validation, whether it be domain object, form, or any other type of input validation, could theoretically be part of any development effort, no matter its size or complexity. I sometimes find myself writing informational or error messages that might seem harsh or demanding to unsuspecting users, and frankly I feel like there must be a better way to describe the validation problem to the user.
**I know that this topic is subjective and argumentative.** I've migrated this question from StackOverflow where I originally asked it with little response.
Basically, I'm looking for good resources on data validation and user feedback that results from it at a theoretical level. Topics and questions I'm interested in are:
1. **Content**
* Should I be describing what the user did correctly or incorrectly, or simply what was expected?
* How much detail can the user read before they get annoyed? (e.g. Is "Username cannot exceed 20 characters." enough, or should it be described more fully, such as "The username cannot be empty, and must be at least 6 characters but cannot exceed 30 characters."?)
2. **Grammar**
* How do I decide between phrases like "must not," "may not," or "cannot"?
3. **Delivery**
* This can depend on the project, but how should the information be delivered to the user?
* Should it be obtrusive (e.g. JavaScript alerts) or friendly?
* Should they be displayed prominently? Immediately (i.e. without confirmation steps, etc.)?
4. **Logging**
* Do you bother logging validation errors?
5. **Internationalization**
* Some cultures prefer or better understand directness over subtlety and vice-versa (e.g. "Don't do that!" vs. "Please check what you've done."). How do I cater to the majority of users?
6. **Accessibility** (edit)
* This is an extension of the *delivery* topic, but what are the best options for providing feedback to the visually impaired (color blindness or full blindness)?
I may edit this list as I think more about the topic, but I'm genuinely interested in proper user feedback techniques. I'm looking for things like research results, poll results, etc.
I've developed and refined my own techniques over the years that users seem to be okay with, but I work in an environment where the users prefer to adapt to what you give them over speaking up about things they don't like.
I'm interested in hearing your experiences in addition to any resources to which you may be able to point me. | 2010/12/31 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/32953",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/12162/"
] | My answer proposes stepping back from the problem and taking a wider view. If that is more than is requested, my apologies and please skip to the next answer :)
Short answer: read [Magic Ink](http://worrydream.com/MagicInk/).
Long answer...
Why do we find software frustrating to use? Consider some cases:
* *Are you sure you want to... ?* Gosh, I *thought* I was sure (after all, I issued the command), but your question has me doubting myself -- there must be some dire consequence. I sure wish I knew what that consequence was...
* *Invalid input, please enter a valid date.* I'm awfully sorry I offended you by that input! It's just I'm not completely sure how you want me to enter that date. I wish I had a calendar at hand...
Okay, these examples are extreme -- but we've all seen them, right? I'll 'fess up and say I've written a fair share of such questions. The problem is, I sometimes spend hours, days or longer thinking through all the possible workflows. As a programmer, I build up a mental model of the whole rat's nest until I have internalized the whole thing. So now I can see: "Ah yes, step 7b. I need one bit here to tell me whether I should continue or abort. I know: *Are you sure (Y/N)?* Voilà! That will get me my bit." The problem is, the user has not lived through those hours and days, and certainly has *not* built-up the mental model. He doesn't even know we're on step 7b! The user will need much more information...
I relate these shaggy dog stories to make a point: I suggest that the messaging associated with data validation is really just a special case of the more general problem of how to present *all* of the business-related information (content, errors, everything). So, to cut to the chase...
[Magic Ink](http://worrydream.com/MagicInk/) is a paper that tackles head-on "the ubiquity of frustrating, unhelpful software interfaces". It argues that "interactivity is actually a curse for users and a crutch for designers, and users' goals can be better satisfied through other means". The paper also contains pointers to other helpful references. | **Content**
Following the **Delivery** approach provides much greater leeway concerning content. Spell it out as necessary. People hate systems that make them feel stupid. Great way to make them feel stupid is putting them in situations where they end up guessing - wrongly.
**Grammar**: read *[Elements of Style](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/020530902X)*
**Delivery**
* make it viewable whilst a user edits the data form - ever hit an alert that tells you what's wrong across several fields only to OK out of it and not remember what needs doing?
* show restrictions on initial data entry - next to each field or tooltip on focus for example
* validate on blur in situations that make sense (e.g. username must be unique).
**Logging**
Usually no, with a big fat "it depends". There are situations where repeat failures warrant logging. For instance, repeat failed login attempts.
**Internationalization**
[Java Resource Bundles](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_resource_bundle) comes to mind. Think this an area without a good answer. Leave to programmers it'll either be too commanding or too verbose :). But maybe I just don't give my fellows enough credit. |
32,953 | Data validation, whether it be domain object, form, or any other type of input validation, could theoretically be part of any development effort, no matter its size or complexity. I sometimes find myself writing informational or error messages that might seem harsh or demanding to unsuspecting users, and frankly I feel like there must be a better way to describe the validation problem to the user.
**I know that this topic is subjective and argumentative.** I've migrated this question from StackOverflow where I originally asked it with little response.
Basically, I'm looking for good resources on data validation and user feedback that results from it at a theoretical level. Topics and questions I'm interested in are:
1. **Content**
* Should I be describing what the user did correctly or incorrectly, or simply what was expected?
* How much detail can the user read before they get annoyed? (e.g. Is "Username cannot exceed 20 characters." enough, or should it be described more fully, such as "The username cannot be empty, and must be at least 6 characters but cannot exceed 30 characters."?)
2. **Grammar**
* How do I decide between phrases like "must not," "may not," or "cannot"?
3. **Delivery**
* This can depend on the project, but how should the information be delivered to the user?
* Should it be obtrusive (e.g. JavaScript alerts) or friendly?
* Should they be displayed prominently? Immediately (i.e. without confirmation steps, etc.)?
4. **Logging**
* Do you bother logging validation errors?
5. **Internationalization**
* Some cultures prefer or better understand directness over subtlety and vice-versa (e.g. "Don't do that!" vs. "Please check what you've done."). How do I cater to the majority of users?
6. **Accessibility** (edit)
* This is an extension of the *delivery* topic, but what are the best options for providing feedback to the visually impaired (color blindness or full blindness)?
I may edit this list as I think more about the topic, but I'm genuinely interested in proper user feedback techniques. I'm looking for things like research results, poll results, etc.
I've developed and refined my own techniques over the years that users seem to be okay with, but I work in an environment where the users prefer to adapt to what you give them over speaking up about things they don't like.
I'm interested in hearing your experiences in addition to any resources to which you may be able to point me. | 2010/12/31 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/32953",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/12162/"
] | **Content**
I tend to use multiple validation patterns, each with a short phrase, typically the sentence will describe the violation they made. "XXX cannot be empty."
**Grammar**
I don't personalize it like saying "you may not have an empty XXX", if you want to make it lighter you could treat the field as though it were it's own entity: "I cannot be empty!" or "I must be at least 30"
**Delivery**
I prefer a contrasting color (red against white) error string right next to the field, your flow will have to be malleable for this to work.
**Logging**
I haven't in my projects but you may need to for domain specific (or legal/policy) reasons.
**Internationalization**
If this is really that important you could break down error strings into parts which could be exchanged:
* "{field} {verb} be empty"
+ XXX cannot be empty
+ XXX must not be empty | My answer proposes stepping back from the problem and taking a wider view. If that is more than is requested, my apologies and please skip to the next answer :)
Short answer: read [Magic Ink](http://worrydream.com/MagicInk/).
Long answer...
Why do we find software frustrating to use? Consider some cases:
* *Are you sure you want to... ?* Gosh, I *thought* I was sure (after all, I issued the command), but your question has me doubting myself -- there must be some dire consequence. I sure wish I knew what that consequence was...
* *Invalid input, please enter a valid date.* I'm awfully sorry I offended you by that input! It's just I'm not completely sure how you want me to enter that date. I wish I had a calendar at hand...
Okay, these examples are extreme -- but we've all seen them, right? I'll 'fess up and say I've written a fair share of such questions. The problem is, I sometimes spend hours, days or longer thinking through all the possible workflows. As a programmer, I build up a mental model of the whole rat's nest until I have internalized the whole thing. So now I can see: "Ah yes, step 7b. I need one bit here to tell me whether I should continue or abort. I know: *Are you sure (Y/N)?* Voilà! That will get me my bit." The problem is, the user has not lived through those hours and days, and certainly has *not* built-up the mental model. He doesn't even know we're on step 7b! The user will need much more information...
I relate these shaggy dog stories to make a point: I suggest that the messaging associated with data validation is really just a special case of the more general problem of how to present *all* of the business-related information (content, errors, everything). So, to cut to the chase...
[Magic Ink](http://worrydream.com/MagicInk/) is a paper that tackles head-on "the ubiquity of frustrating, unhelpful software interfaces". It argues that "interactivity is actually a curse for users and a crutch for designers, and users' goals can be better satisfied through other means". The paper also contains pointers to other helpful references. |
32,953 | Data validation, whether it be domain object, form, or any other type of input validation, could theoretically be part of any development effort, no matter its size or complexity. I sometimes find myself writing informational or error messages that might seem harsh or demanding to unsuspecting users, and frankly I feel like there must be a better way to describe the validation problem to the user.
**I know that this topic is subjective and argumentative.** I've migrated this question from StackOverflow where I originally asked it with little response.
Basically, I'm looking for good resources on data validation and user feedback that results from it at a theoretical level. Topics and questions I'm interested in are:
1. **Content**
* Should I be describing what the user did correctly or incorrectly, or simply what was expected?
* How much detail can the user read before they get annoyed? (e.g. Is "Username cannot exceed 20 characters." enough, or should it be described more fully, such as "The username cannot be empty, and must be at least 6 characters but cannot exceed 30 characters."?)
2. **Grammar**
* How do I decide between phrases like "must not," "may not," or "cannot"?
3. **Delivery**
* This can depend on the project, but how should the information be delivered to the user?
* Should it be obtrusive (e.g. JavaScript alerts) or friendly?
* Should they be displayed prominently? Immediately (i.e. without confirmation steps, etc.)?
4. **Logging**
* Do you bother logging validation errors?
5. **Internationalization**
* Some cultures prefer or better understand directness over subtlety and vice-versa (e.g. "Don't do that!" vs. "Please check what you've done."). How do I cater to the majority of users?
6. **Accessibility** (edit)
* This is an extension of the *delivery* topic, but what are the best options for providing feedback to the visually impaired (color blindness or full blindness)?
I may edit this list as I think more about the topic, but I'm genuinely interested in proper user feedback techniques. I'm looking for things like research results, poll results, etc.
I've developed and refined my own techniques over the years that users seem to be okay with, but I work in an environment where the users prefer to adapt to what you give them over speaking up about things they don't like.
I'm interested in hearing your experiences in addition to any resources to which you may be able to point me. | 2010/12/31 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/32953",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/12162/"
] | As you said the issue of validation is subjective. The reason behind this though is that it relates to user experience/usability which is not easily reducible to a finite number of do's or dont's. That said there are some general rules of thumb which can be used to make design/implementation decisions
1. **Content:** First rule of user experience is it is about user experience, which means it is about making it easy for user to work with software, which means **think as a user and not as a developer** (or worse hacker)
2. **Content:** From 1., it follows give information to user on a strictly **need to know** basis. The user only needs information which is **just enough** to address the issue, he is **not interested** (in fact he gets annoyed with) in lots of **technical jargon**
3. **Grammar:** Again try to use passive voice as much as possible such as "value should not be null", as opposed to "you must not enter null value" which depending on culture may seem rude/confrontational.
4. **Delivery:** The feedback should be delivered so that it minimizes any effort/time by user, which is why it should as immediate and as accurate as possible after the error so that user can rectify it. For example it is a text box with incorrect input should be immediately indicated with a different invalidation color.
5. **Delivery:** An extension of 4. when asking for user to verify all the valid inputs must be retained, with the exception of password.
6. **Delivery:** They should be delivered as unobtrusively as possible which means the user is notified of the error, but he shouldn't have to spend any extra time, hence modal dialogs are a big no-no you should try as much as possible to stick to disable OK/Next/Apply button and invalidate the input control (example given in 4.)
7. **Logging:** Make it so that it is possible to toggle logging mode. While logging help in trouble-shooting it is a drag to performance.
8. **I18N/L10N:** This varies on a case to case specifically implement this only if you need it now or going to need it in near future.
Updated:
Now the situation changes a little in the context of a web application, with thin client and all the validation occurring on server side. To consider this case, there should be one additional rule next in importance only to 1. point (viz. it is all about user exp), that is **performance**. Whatever we do, the performance should be a priority. Now in our case the performance is severely affected by the number of messages between client and server, which is why it may not be the best idea to send message after every input. Instead one could try a different approach.
To given an example, suppose the input has 5 steps, and user enters incorrect data on step 2 and 4, also step 3 has some password, in this case after user has completed all the steps, client should send message for validation, after the validation on server side, the user should be prompted only to enter **only that** input which was incorrect (or a password) for steps 2,3 & 4. Also the input to be re-entered should be **clearly indicated**.
Updated Again: Reg. accessibility for the impaired, I have never worked for the UI however I think the basic principle is same only instead of indicating invalid input by color, it should be indicated with the help of audio. Also in this case it might be a good idea to give immediate feedback instead of waiting till the end of all inputs. | **Content**
Following the **Delivery** approach provides much greater leeway concerning content. Spell it out as necessary. People hate systems that make them feel stupid. Great way to make them feel stupid is putting them in situations where they end up guessing - wrongly.
**Grammar**: read *[Elements of Style](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/020530902X)*
**Delivery**
* make it viewable whilst a user edits the data form - ever hit an alert that tells you what's wrong across several fields only to OK out of it and not remember what needs doing?
* show restrictions on initial data entry - next to each field or tooltip on focus for example
* validate on blur in situations that make sense (e.g. username must be unique).
**Logging**
Usually no, with a big fat "it depends". There are situations where repeat failures warrant logging. For instance, repeat failed login attempts.
**Internationalization**
[Java Resource Bundles](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_resource_bundle) comes to mind. Think this an area without a good answer. Leave to programmers it'll either be too commanding or too verbose :). But maybe I just don't give my fellows enough credit. |
32,953 | Data validation, whether it be domain object, form, or any other type of input validation, could theoretically be part of any development effort, no matter its size or complexity. I sometimes find myself writing informational or error messages that might seem harsh or demanding to unsuspecting users, and frankly I feel like there must be a better way to describe the validation problem to the user.
**I know that this topic is subjective and argumentative.** I've migrated this question from StackOverflow where I originally asked it with little response.
Basically, I'm looking for good resources on data validation and user feedback that results from it at a theoretical level. Topics and questions I'm interested in are:
1. **Content**
* Should I be describing what the user did correctly or incorrectly, or simply what was expected?
* How much detail can the user read before they get annoyed? (e.g. Is "Username cannot exceed 20 characters." enough, or should it be described more fully, such as "The username cannot be empty, and must be at least 6 characters but cannot exceed 30 characters."?)
2. **Grammar**
* How do I decide between phrases like "must not," "may not," or "cannot"?
3. **Delivery**
* This can depend on the project, but how should the information be delivered to the user?
* Should it be obtrusive (e.g. JavaScript alerts) or friendly?
* Should they be displayed prominently? Immediately (i.e. without confirmation steps, etc.)?
4. **Logging**
* Do you bother logging validation errors?
5. **Internationalization**
* Some cultures prefer or better understand directness over subtlety and vice-versa (e.g. "Don't do that!" vs. "Please check what you've done."). How do I cater to the majority of users?
6. **Accessibility** (edit)
* This is an extension of the *delivery* topic, but what are the best options for providing feedback to the visually impaired (color blindness or full blindness)?
I may edit this list as I think more about the topic, but I'm genuinely interested in proper user feedback techniques. I'm looking for things like research results, poll results, etc.
I've developed and refined my own techniques over the years that users seem to be okay with, but I work in an environment where the users prefer to adapt to what you give them over speaking up about things they don't like.
I'm interested in hearing your experiences in addition to any resources to which you may be able to point me. | 2010/12/31 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/32953",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/12162/"
] | >
> Should I be describing what the user did correctly or incorrectly, or simply what was expected?
>
>
>
If you don't describe the "incorrectly" and "what was expected", the user is lost and cannot make a change. What they did correctly is obvious, since it's not invalid.
What they did incorrectly tells them what to change.
What's expected should tell them what kind of change to make.
>
> How much detail can the user read before they get annoyed?
>
>
>
Varies from user to user. There's no general answer. And there's no easy way to know. Experienced users want short messages. N00bz need long messages. And you can't know the user's level of expertise until **after** they complain about the messages.
>
> How do I decide between phrases like "must not," "may not," or "cannot"?
>
>
>
You can't decide. It's not your choice. It's your users. In American English (which doesn't even use "shall" except in legal documents) the differences are minor and vary by user. Each user has a personal level of discomfort (or comfort). You can't know the user's level of comfort until **after** they complain about the messages.
Generally, folks don't like computers telling them way they "must" do. Other than that, it's individual preferences.
>
> This can depend on the project, but how should the information be delivered to the user?
>
>
>
Um... This makes no sense. If the data's invalid, you can't go forward.
>
> Should it be obtrusive (e.g. JavaScript alerts) or friendly?
>
>
>
This makes no sense. "obtrusive" and "friendly" aren't orthogonal.
>
> Should they be displayed prominently? Immediately (i.e. without confirmation steps, etc.)?
>
>
>
This makes no sense. If the data's invalid, then they can't go on, so it has to be prominent.
>
> Do you bother logging validation errors?
>
>
>
Talk to your lawyers about the consequences of users making entry errors. In the medical field, it might matter. In other fields, it rarely matters. If you're fine-tuning your presentation, you'll want to log things so you can figure out what the most common error is and re-engineer things so it cannot possibly be made. If your users are all n00bz (because the app never existed before) you'll need to log things so you can work out the real use cases. If your users are all experts, don't bother logging.
>
> How do I cater to the majority of users?
>
>
>
You can't. Preferences for support and guidance vary by individual person, their level of expertise and their overall comfort with computers and the application. Broad cultural generalizations are less important than individual ones. | Here are my 2 cents:
* content
I think you should describe why the value is not correct, like *"username cannot have special characters"*, so user knows what he did wrong and can fix it. error like *"bad username"* is making user fight the app(for example I once created 50char password with everything I could think of because I was tired of fighting with the pass-system. however it was very strong password and I had to keep it in text file to remember it.).
* details
I think you should add enough details so user knows whats going on, but not too much(If I get big alert message with a lot of spam there, i wont even read it - its too much work and if I can only click "ok" than why bother? I might read it the second time I see it if Im interested why something doesnt work).
* delivery
I prefer red text near the field or on the top of the page. I use alert only as last resort(clicking ok all the time sounds like something that can annoy people).
* logging
no, If validation is broken user will let you know about it.(if its a work app or he use it a lot/cares)
* internationalization
I think saying "please" to user is annoying, because he should be able to ignore what you are asking and do what he want to do. However if you saying "please" as "you must do that", it would be annoying to me plus its extra useless text(aka spam). |
32,953 | Data validation, whether it be domain object, form, or any other type of input validation, could theoretically be part of any development effort, no matter its size or complexity. I sometimes find myself writing informational or error messages that might seem harsh or demanding to unsuspecting users, and frankly I feel like there must be a better way to describe the validation problem to the user.
**I know that this topic is subjective and argumentative.** I've migrated this question from StackOverflow where I originally asked it with little response.
Basically, I'm looking for good resources on data validation and user feedback that results from it at a theoretical level. Topics and questions I'm interested in are:
1. **Content**
* Should I be describing what the user did correctly or incorrectly, or simply what was expected?
* How much detail can the user read before they get annoyed? (e.g. Is "Username cannot exceed 20 characters." enough, or should it be described more fully, such as "The username cannot be empty, and must be at least 6 characters but cannot exceed 30 characters."?)
2. **Grammar**
* How do I decide between phrases like "must not," "may not," or "cannot"?
3. **Delivery**
* This can depend on the project, but how should the information be delivered to the user?
* Should it be obtrusive (e.g. JavaScript alerts) or friendly?
* Should they be displayed prominently? Immediately (i.e. without confirmation steps, etc.)?
4. **Logging**
* Do you bother logging validation errors?
5. **Internationalization**
* Some cultures prefer or better understand directness over subtlety and vice-versa (e.g. "Don't do that!" vs. "Please check what you've done."). How do I cater to the majority of users?
6. **Accessibility** (edit)
* This is an extension of the *delivery* topic, but what are the best options for providing feedback to the visually impaired (color blindness or full blindness)?
I may edit this list as I think more about the topic, but I'm genuinely interested in proper user feedback techniques. I'm looking for things like research results, poll results, etc.
I've developed and refined my own techniques over the years that users seem to be okay with, but I work in an environment where the users prefer to adapt to what you give them over speaking up about things they don't like.
I'm interested in hearing your experiences in addition to any resources to which you may be able to point me. | 2010/12/31 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/32953",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/12162/"
] | >
> Should I be describing what the user did correctly or incorrectly, or simply what was expected?
>
>
>
If you don't describe the "incorrectly" and "what was expected", the user is lost and cannot make a change. What they did correctly is obvious, since it's not invalid.
What they did incorrectly tells them what to change.
What's expected should tell them what kind of change to make.
>
> How much detail can the user read before they get annoyed?
>
>
>
Varies from user to user. There's no general answer. And there's no easy way to know. Experienced users want short messages. N00bz need long messages. And you can't know the user's level of expertise until **after** they complain about the messages.
>
> How do I decide between phrases like "must not," "may not," or "cannot"?
>
>
>
You can't decide. It's not your choice. It's your users. In American English (which doesn't even use "shall" except in legal documents) the differences are minor and vary by user. Each user has a personal level of discomfort (or comfort). You can't know the user's level of comfort until **after** they complain about the messages.
Generally, folks don't like computers telling them way they "must" do. Other than that, it's individual preferences.
>
> This can depend on the project, but how should the information be delivered to the user?
>
>
>
Um... This makes no sense. If the data's invalid, you can't go forward.
>
> Should it be obtrusive (e.g. JavaScript alerts) or friendly?
>
>
>
This makes no sense. "obtrusive" and "friendly" aren't orthogonal.
>
> Should they be displayed prominently? Immediately (i.e. without confirmation steps, etc.)?
>
>
>
This makes no sense. If the data's invalid, then they can't go on, so it has to be prominent.
>
> Do you bother logging validation errors?
>
>
>
Talk to your lawyers about the consequences of users making entry errors. In the medical field, it might matter. In other fields, it rarely matters. If you're fine-tuning your presentation, you'll want to log things so you can figure out what the most common error is and re-engineer things so it cannot possibly be made. If your users are all n00bz (because the app never existed before) you'll need to log things so you can work out the real use cases. If your users are all experts, don't bother logging.
>
> How do I cater to the majority of users?
>
>
>
You can't. Preferences for support and guidance vary by individual person, their level of expertise and their overall comfort with computers and the application. Broad cultural generalizations are less important than individual ones. | What I like to do when practical:
If the input field is categorically invalid I turn the background red. If it's currently invalid but could contain an incomplete version of a valid answer then I turn it yellow. I also display in a nearby location a message describing what's expected and if it's at all complex a message as to why the item is invalid.
(Example: The input range is 100-2000. "1" gets yellow. "3000" gets red.) |
32,953 | Data validation, whether it be domain object, form, or any other type of input validation, could theoretically be part of any development effort, no matter its size or complexity. I sometimes find myself writing informational or error messages that might seem harsh or demanding to unsuspecting users, and frankly I feel like there must be a better way to describe the validation problem to the user.
**I know that this topic is subjective and argumentative.** I've migrated this question from StackOverflow where I originally asked it with little response.
Basically, I'm looking for good resources on data validation and user feedback that results from it at a theoretical level. Topics and questions I'm interested in are:
1. **Content**
* Should I be describing what the user did correctly or incorrectly, or simply what was expected?
* How much detail can the user read before they get annoyed? (e.g. Is "Username cannot exceed 20 characters." enough, or should it be described more fully, such as "The username cannot be empty, and must be at least 6 characters but cannot exceed 30 characters."?)
2. **Grammar**
* How do I decide between phrases like "must not," "may not," or "cannot"?
3. **Delivery**
* This can depend on the project, but how should the information be delivered to the user?
* Should it be obtrusive (e.g. JavaScript alerts) or friendly?
* Should they be displayed prominently? Immediately (i.e. without confirmation steps, etc.)?
4. **Logging**
* Do you bother logging validation errors?
5. **Internationalization**
* Some cultures prefer or better understand directness over subtlety and vice-versa (e.g. "Don't do that!" vs. "Please check what you've done."). How do I cater to the majority of users?
6. **Accessibility** (edit)
* This is an extension of the *delivery* topic, but what are the best options for providing feedback to the visually impaired (color blindness or full blindness)?
I may edit this list as I think more about the topic, but I'm genuinely interested in proper user feedback techniques. I'm looking for things like research results, poll results, etc.
I've developed and refined my own techniques over the years that users seem to be okay with, but I work in an environment where the users prefer to adapt to what you give them over speaking up about things they don't like.
I'm interested in hearing your experiences in addition to any resources to which you may be able to point me. | 2010/12/31 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/32953",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/12162/"
] | >
> Should I be describing what the user did correctly or incorrectly, or simply what was expected?
>
>
>
If you don't describe the "incorrectly" and "what was expected", the user is lost and cannot make a change. What they did correctly is obvious, since it's not invalid.
What they did incorrectly tells them what to change.
What's expected should tell them what kind of change to make.
>
> How much detail can the user read before they get annoyed?
>
>
>
Varies from user to user. There's no general answer. And there's no easy way to know. Experienced users want short messages. N00bz need long messages. And you can't know the user's level of expertise until **after** they complain about the messages.
>
> How do I decide between phrases like "must not," "may not," or "cannot"?
>
>
>
You can't decide. It's not your choice. It's your users. In American English (which doesn't even use "shall" except in legal documents) the differences are minor and vary by user. Each user has a personal level of discomfort (or comfort). You can't know the user's level of comfort until **after** they complain about the messages.
Generally, folks don't like computers telling them way they "must" do. Other than that, it's individual preferences.
>
> This can depend on the project, but how should the information be delivered to the user?
>
>
>
Um... This makes no sense. If the data's invalid, you can't go forward.
>
> Should it be obtrusive (e.g. JavaScript alerts) or friendly?
>
>
>
This makes no sense. "obtrusive" and "friendly" aren't orthogonal.
>
> Should they be displayed prominently? Immediately (i.e. without confirmation steps, etc.)?
>
>
>
This makes no sense. If the data's invalid, then they can't go on, so it has to be prominent.
>
> Do you bother logging validation errors?
>
>
>
Talk to your lawyers about the consequences of users making entry errors. In the medical field, it might matter. In other fields, it rarely matters. If you're fine-tuning your presentation, you'll want to log things so you can figure out what the most common error is and re-engineer things so it cannot possibly be made. If your users are all n00bz (because the app never existed before) you'll need to log things so you can work out the real use cases. If your users are all experts, don't bother logging.
>
> How do I cater to the majority of users?
>
>
>
You can't. Preferences for support and guidance vary by individual person, their level of expertise and their overall comfort with computers and the application. Broad cultural generalizations are less important than individual ones. | My answer proposes stepping back from the problem and taking a wider view. If that is more than is requested, my apologies and please skip to the next answer :)
Short answer: read [Magic Ink](http://worrydream.com/MagicInk/).
Long answer...
Why do we find software frustrating to use? Consider some cases:
* *Are you sure you want to... ?* Gosh, I *thought* I was sure (after all, I issued the command), but your question has me doubting myself -- there must be some dire consequence. I sure wish I knew what that consequence was...
* *Invalid input, please enter a valid date.* I'm awfully sorry I offended you by that input! It's just I'm not completely sure how you want me to enter that date. I wish I had a calendar at hand...
Okay, these examples are extreme -- but we've all seen them, right? I'll 'fess up and say I've written a fair share of such questions. The problem is, I sometimes spend hours, days or longer thinking through all the possible workflows. As a programmer, I build up a mental model of the whole rat's nest until I have internalized the whole thing. So now I can see: "Ah yes, step 7b. I need one bit here to tell me whether I should continue or abort. I know: *Are you sure (Y/N)?* Voilà! That will get me my bit." The problem is, the user has not lived through those hours and days, and certainly has *not* built-up the mental model. He doesn't even know we're on step 7b! The user will need much more information...
I relate these shaggy dog stories to make a point: I suggest that the messaging associated with data validation is really just a special case of the more general problem of how to present *all* of the business-related information (content, errors, everything). So, to cut to the chase...
[Magic Ink](http://worrydream.com/MagicInk/) is a paper that tackles head-on "the ubiquity of frustrating, unhelpful software interfaces". It argues that "interactivity is actually a curse for users and a crutch for designers, and users' goals can be better satisfied through other means". The paper also contains pointers to other helpful references. |
32,953 | Data validation, whether it be domain object, form, or any other type of input validation, could theoretically be part of any development effort, no matter its size or complexity. I sometimes find myself writing informational or error messages that might seem harsh or demanding to unsuspecting users, and frankly I feel like there must be a better way to describe the validation problem to the user.
**I know that this topic is subjective and argumentative.** I've migrated this question from StackOverflow where I originally asked it with little response.
Basically, I'm looking for good resources on data validation and user feedback that results from it at a theoretical level. Topics and questions I'm interested in are:
1. **Content**
* Should I be describing what the user did correctly or incorrectly, or simply what was expected?
* How much detail can the user read before they get annoyed? (e.g. Is "Username cannot exceed 20 characters." enough, or should it be described more fully, such as "The username cannot be empty, and must be at least 6 characters but cannot exceed 30 characters."?)
2. **Grammar**
* How do I decide between phrases like "must not," "may not," or "cannot"?
3. **Delivery**
* This can depend on the project, but how should the information be delivered to the user?
* Should it be obtrusive (e.g. JavaScript alerts) or friendly?
* Should they be displayed prominently? Immediately (i.e. without confirmation steps, etc.)?
4. **Logging**
* Do you bother logging validation errors?
5. **Internationalization**
* Some cultures prefer or better understand directness over subtlety and vice-versa (e.g. "Don't do that!" vs. "Please check what you've done."). How do I cater to the majority of users?
6. **Accessibility** (edit)
* This is an extension of the *delivery* topic, but what are the best options for providing feedback to the visually impaired (color blindness or full blindness)?
I may edit this list as I think more about the topic, but I'm genuinely interested in proper user feedback techniques. I'm looking for things like research results, poll results, etc.
I've developed and refined my own techniques over the years that users seem to be okay with, but I work in an environment where the users prefer to adapt to what you give them over speaking up about things they don't like.
I'm interested in hearing your experiences in addition to any resources to which you may be able to point me. | 2010/12/31 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/32953",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/12162/"
] | As you said the issue of validation is subjective. The reason behind this though is that it relates to user experience/usability which is not easily reducible to a finite number of do's or dont's. That said there are some general rules of thumb which can be used to make design/implementation decisions
1. **Content:** First rule of user experience is it is about user experience, which means it is about making it easy for user to work with software, which means **think as a user and not as a developer** (or worse hacker)
2. **Content:** From 1., it follows give information to user on a strictly **need to know** basis. The user only needs information which is **just enough** to address the issue, he is **not interested** (in fact he gets annoyed with) in lots of **technical jargon**
3. **Grammar:** Again try to use passive voice as much as possible such as "value should not be null", as opposed to "you must not enter null value" which depending on culture may seem rude/confrontational.
4. **Delivery:** The feedback should be delivered so that it minimizes any effort/time by user, which is why it should as immediate and as accurate as possible after the error so that user can rectify it. For example it is a text box with incorrect input should be immediately indicated with a different invalidation color.
5. **Delivery:** An extension of 4. when asking for user to verify all the valid inputs must be retained, with the exception of password.
6. **Delivery:** They should be delivered as unobtrusively as possible which means the user is notified of the error, but he shouldn't have to spend any extra time, hence modal dialogs are a big no-no you should try as much as possible to stick to disable OK/Next/Apply button and invalidate the input control (example given in 4.)
7. **Logging:** Make it so that it is possible to toggle logging mode. While logging help in trouble-shooting it is a drag to performance.
8. **I18N/L10N:** This varies on a case to case specifically implement this only if you need it now or going to need it in near future.
Updated:
Now the situation changes a little in the context of a web application, with thin client and all the validation occurring on server side. To consider this case, there should be one additional rule next in importance only to 1. point (viz. it is all about user exp), that is **performance**. Whatever we do, the performance should be a priority. Now in our case the performance is severely affected by the number of messages between client and server, which is why it may not be the best idea to send message after every input. Instead one could try a different approach.
To given an example, suppose the input has 5 steps, and user enters incorrect data on step 2 and 4, also step 3 has some password, in this case after user has completed all the steps, client should send message for validation, after the validation on server side, the user should be prompted only to enter **only that** input which was incorrect (or a password) for steps 2,3 & 4. Also the input to be re-entered should be **clearly indicated**.
Updated Again: Reg. accessibility for the impaired, I have never worked for the UI however I think the basic principle is same only instead of indicating invalid input by color, it should be indicated with the help of audio. Also in this case it might be a good idea to give immediate feedback instead of waiting till the end of all inputs. | Here are my 2 cents:
* content
I think you should describe why the value is not correct, like *"username cannot have special characters"*, so user knows what he did wrong and can fix it. error like *"bad username"* is making user fight the app(for example I once created 50char password with everything I could think of because I was tired of fighting with the pass-system. however it was very strong password and I had to keep it in text file to remember it.).
* details
I think you should add enough details so user knows whats going on, but not too much(If I get big alert message with a lot of spam there, i wont even read it - its too much work and if I can only click "ok" than why bother? I might read it the second time I see it if Im interested why something doesnt work).
* delivery
I prefer red text near the field or on the top of the page. I use alert only as last resort(clicking ok all the time sounds like something that can annoy people).
* logging
no, If validation is broken user will let you know about it.(if its a work app or he use it a lot/cares)
* internationalization
I think saying "please" to user is annoying, because he should be able to ignore what you are asking and do what he want to do. However if you saying "please" as "you must do that", it would be annoying to me plus its extra useless text(aka spam). |
32,953 | Data validation, whether it be domain object, form, or any other type of input validation, could theoretically be part of any development effort, no matter its size or complexity. I sometimes find myself writing informational or error messages that might seem harsh or demanding to unsuspecting users, and frankly I feel like there must be a better way to describe the validation problem to the user.
**I know that this topic is subjective and argumentative.** I've migrated this question from StackOverflow where I originally asked it with little response.
Basically, I'm looking for good resources on data validation and user feedback that results from it at a theoretical level. Topics and questions I'm interested in are:
1. **Content**
* Should I be describing what the user did correctly or incorrectly, or simply what was expected?
* How much detail can the user read before they get annoyed? (e.g. Is "Username cannot exceed 20 characters." enough, or should it be described more fully, such as "The username cannot be empty, and must be at least 6 characters but cannot exceed 30 characters."?)
2. **Grammar**
* How do I decide between phrases like "must not," "may not," or "cannot"?
3. **Delivery**
* This can depend on the project, but how should the information be delivered to the user?
* Should it be obtrusive (e.g. JavaScript alerts) or friendly?
* Should they be displayed prominently? Immediately (i.e. without confirmation steps, etc.)?
4. **Logging**
* Do you bother logging validation errors?
5. **Internationalization**
* Some cultures prefer or better understand directness over subtlety and vice-versa (e.g. "Don't do that!" vs. "Please check what you've done."). How do I cater to the majority of users?
6. **Accessibility** (edit)
* This is an extension of the *delivery* topic, but what are the best options for providing feedback to the visually impaired (color blindness or full blindness)?
I may edit this list as I think more about the topic, but I'm genuinely interested in proper user feedback techniques. I'm looking for things like research results, poll results, etc.
I've developed and refined my own techniques over the years that users seem to be okay with, but I work in an environment where the users prefer to adapt to what you give them over speaking up about things they don't like.
I'm interested in hearing your experiences in addition to any resources to which you may be able to point me. | 2010/12/31 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/32953",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/12162/"
] | The question you should be asking yourself is: How do I make my UI more usable and friendly overall? To do that, read books like "Don't make me think," and the other books [listed here.](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3964741/ui-usability-book-for-developer)
To answer your specific question about validating user input, I have three suggestions:
1. Use common sense, politeness and courtesy with respect to your verbiage.
2. Give them all of the validation at the same time, on the same page. Don't make them walk through a series of single error messages. Use some sort of visual cue to distinguish the invalid fields.
3. Whenever possible, favor a technique that avoids modal confirmation dialogs. For example, when you delete an email in Gmail, it does not confirm; instead, it moves the message to the trash, and gives you an option to undo. | **Content**
Following the **Delivery** approach provides much greater leeway concerning content. Spell it out as necessary. People hate systems that make them feel stupid. Great way to make them feel stupid is putting them in situations where they end up guessing - wrongly.
**Grammar**: read *[Elements of Style](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/020530902X)*
**Delivery**
* make it viewable whilst a user edits the data form - ever hit an alert that tells you what's wrong across several fields only to OK out of it and not remember what needs doing?
* show restrictions on initial data entry - next to each field or tooltip on focus for example
* validate on blur in situations that make sense (e.g. username must be unique).
**Logging**
Usually no, with a big fat "it depends". There are situations where repeat failures warrant logging. For instance, repeat failed login attempts.
**Internationalization**
[Java Resource Bundles](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_resource_bundle) comes to mind. Think this an area without a good answer. Leave to programmers it'll either be too commanding or too verbose :). But maybe I just don't give my fellows enough credit. |
32,953 | Data validation, whether it be domain object, form, or any other type of input validation, could theoretically be part of any development effort, no matter its size or complexity. I sometimes find myself writing informational or error messages that might seem harsh or demanding to unsuspecting users, and frankly I feel like there must be a better way to describe the validation problem to the user.
**I know that this topic is subjective and argumentative.** I've migrated this question from StackOverflow where I originally asked it with little response.
Basically, I'm looking for good resources on data validation and user feedback that results from it at a theoretical level. Topics and questions I'm interested in are:
1. **Content**
* Should I be describing what the user did correctly or incorrectly, or simply what was expected?
* How much detail can the user read before they get annoyed? (e.g. Is "Username cannot exceed 20 characters." enough, or should it be described more fully, such as "The username cannot be empty, and must be at least 6 characters but cannot exceed 30 characters."?)
2. **Grammar**
* How do I decide between phrases like "must not," "may not," or "cannot"?
3. **Delivery**
* This can depend on the project, but how should the information be delivered to the user?
* Should it be obtrusive (e.g. JavaScript alerts) or friendly?
* Should they be displayed prominently? Immediately (i.e. without confirmation steps, etc.)?
4. **Logging**
* Do you bother logging validation errors?
5. **Internationalization**
* Some cultures prefer or better understand directness over subtlety and vice-versa (e.g. "Don't do that!" vs. "Please check what you've done."). How do I cater to the majority of users?
6. **Accessibility** (edit)
* This is an extension of the *delivery* topic, but what are the best options for providing feedback to the visually impaired (color blindness or full blindness)?
I may edit this list as I think more about the topic, but I'm genuinely interested in proper user feedback techniques. I'm looking for things like research results, poll results, etc.
I've developed and refined my own techniques over the years that users seem to be okay with, but I work in an environment where the users prefer to adapt to what you give them over speaking up about things they don't like.
I'm interested in hearing your experiences in addition to any resources to which you may be able to point me. | 2010/12/31 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/32953",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/12162/"
] | **Content**
I tend to use multiple validation patterns, each with a short phrase, typically the sentence will describe the violation they made. "XXX cannot be empty."
**Grammar**
I don't personalize it like saying "you may not have an empty XXX", if you want to make it lighter you could treat the field as though it were it's own entity: "I cannot be empty!" or "I must be at least 30"
**Delivery**
I prefer a contrasting color (red against white) error string right next to the field, your flow will have to be malleable for this to work.
**Logging**
I haven't in my projects but you may need to for domain specific (or legal/policy) reasons.
**Internationalization**
If this is really that important you could break down error strings into parts which could be exchanged:
* "{field} {verb} be empty"
+ XXX cannot be empty
+ XXX must not be empty | Here are my 2 cents:
* content
I think you should describe why the value is not correct, like *"username cannot have special characters"*, so user knows what he did wrong and can fix it. error like *"bad username"* is making user fight the app(for example I once created 50char password with everything I could think of because I was tired of fighting with the pass-system. however it was very strong password and I had to keep it in text file to remember it.).
* details
I think you should add enough details so user knows whats going on, but not too much(If I get big alert message with a lot of spam there, i wont even read it - its too much work and if I can only click "ok" than why bother? I might read it the second time I see it if Im interested why something doesnt work).
* delivery
I prefer red text near the field or on the top of the page. I use alert only as last resort(clicking ok all the time sounds like something that can annoy people).
* logging
no, If validation is broken user will let you know about it.(if its a work app or he use it a lot/cares)
* internationalization
I think saying "please" to user is annoying, because he should be able to ignore what you are asking and do what he want to do. However if you saying "please" as "you must do that", it would be annoying to me plus its extra useless text(aka spam). |
32,953 | Data validation, whether it be domain object, form, or any other type of input validation, could theoretically be part of any development effort, no matter its size or complexity. I sometimes find myself writing informational or error messages that might seem harsh or demanding to unsuspecting users, and frankly I feel like there must be a better way to describe the validation problem to the user.
**I know that this topic is subjective and argumentative.** I've migrated this question from StackOverflow where I originally asked it with little response.
Basically, I'm looking for good resources on data validation and user feedback that results from it at a theoretical level. Topics and questions I'm interested in are:
1. **Content**
* Should I be describing what the user did correctly or incorrectly, or simply what was expected?
* How much detail can the user read before they get annoyed? (e.g. Is "Username cannot exceed 20 characters." enough, or should it be described more fully, such as "The username cannot be empty, and must be at least 6 characters but cannot exceed 30 characters."?)
2. **Grammar**
* How do I decide between phrases like "must not," "may not," or "cannot"?
3. **Delivery**
* This can depend on the project, but how should the information be delivered to the user?
* Should it be obtrusive (e.g. JavaScript alerts) or friendly?
* Should they be displayed prominently? Immediately (i.e. without confirmation steps, etc.)?
4. **Logging**
* Do you bother logging validation errors?
5. **Internationalization**
* Some cultures prefer or better understand directness over subtlety and vice-versa (e.g. "Don't do that!" vs. "Please check what you've done."). How do I cater to the majority of users?
6. **Accessibility** (edit)
* This is an extension of the *delivery* topic, but what are the best options for providing feedback to the visually impaired (color blindness or full blindness)?
I may edit this list as I think more about the topic, but I'm genuinely interested in proper user feedback techniques. I'm looking for things like research results, poll results, etc.
I've developed and refined my own techniques over the years that users seem to be okay with, but I work in an environment where the users prefer to adapt to what you give them over speaking up about things they don't like.
I'm interested in hearing your experiences in addition to any resources to which you may be able to point me. | 2010/12/31 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/32953",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/12162/"
] | >
> Should I be describing what the user did correctly or incorrectly, or simply what was expected?
>
>
>
If you don't describe the "incorrectly" and "what was expected", the user is lost and cannot make a change. What they did correctly is obvious, since it's not invalid.
What they did incorrectly tells them what to change.
What's expected should tell them what kind of change to make.
>
> How much detail can the user read before they get annoyed?
>
>
>
Varies from user to user. There's no general answer. And there's no easy way to know. Experienced users want short messages. N00bz need long messages. And you can't know the user's level of expertise until **after** they complain about the messages.
>
> How do I decide between phrases like "must not," "may not," or "cannot"?
>
>
>
You can't decide. It's not your choice. It's your users. In American English (which doesn't even use "shall" except in legal documents) the differences are minor and vary by user. Each user has a personal level of discomfort (or comfort). You can't know the user's level of comfort until **after** they complain about the messages.
Generally, folks don't like computers telling them way they "must" do. Other than that, it's individual preferences.
>
> This can depend on the project, but how should the information be delivered to the user?
>
>
>
Um... This makes no sense. If the data's invalid, you can't go forward.
>
> Should it be obtrusive (e.g. JavaScript alerts) or friendly?
>
>
>
This makes no sense. "obtrusive" and "friendly" aren't orthogonal.
>
> Should they be displayed prominently? Immediately (i.e. without confirmation steps, etc.)?
>
>
>
This makes no sense. If the data's invalid, then they can't go on, so it has to be prominent.
>
> Do you bother logging validation errors?
>
>
>
Talk to your lawyers about the consequences of users making entry errors. In the medical field, it might matter. In other fields, it rarely matters. If you're fine-tuning your presentation, you'll want to log things so you can figure out what the most common error is and re-engineer things so it cannot possibly be made. If your users are all n00bz (because the app never existed before) you'll need to log things so you can work out the real use cases. If your users are all experts, don't bother logging.
>
> How do I cater to the majority of users?
>
>
>
You can't. Preferences for support and guidance vary by individual person, their level of expertise and their overall comfort with computers and the application. Broad cultural generalizations are less important than individual ones. | **Content**
Following the **Delivery** approach provides much greater leeway concerning content. Spell it out as necessary. People hate systems that make them feel stupid. Great way to make them feel stupid is putting them in situations where they end up guessing - wrongly.
**Grammar**: read *[Elements of Style](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/020530902X)*
**Delivery**
* make it viewable whilst a user edits the data form - ever hit an alert that tells you what's wrong across several fields only to OK out of it and not remember what needs doing?
* show restrictions on initial data entry - next to each field or tooltip on focus for example
* validate on blur in situations that make sense (e.g. username must be unique).
**Logging**
Usually no, with a big fat "it depends". There are situations where repeat failures warrant logging. For instance, repeat failed login attempts.
**Internationalization**
[Java Resource Bundles](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_resource_bundle) comes to mind. Think this an area without a good answer. Leave to programmers it'll either be too commanding or too verbose :). But maybe I just don't give my fellows enough credit. |
12,056 | I have 3 programable logic controllers and other one which isn't part of my solution but I can access usefull data via modbus. I've setup windows service on a remote server to gather data and store it in a SQL Server.
But the problem is if the Internet fails? So I'm searching for a hardware data logger solution.
I saw a schneider scadapack but I think it doesn't support modbus as client.
Everything I'm seeing is hardware with I/O for digital and analog input/outputs but I have already that in PLCs. What I need now is to gather data from the PLCs via modbus RTU/TCP/UDP. After the service detects connection errors it registers the begin date and end date. After it detects PLCs are reachable again it downloads the usefull data that it missed from the hardware data logger solution.
Which solutions support this?
* Yokogawa MW100
* Schneider scadapack models
Both this are data acquisition systems via I/O and probably not via modbus.
I'm lost. Help? | 2016/10/28 | [
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/questions/12056",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/users/8570/"
] | As mentioned in the comments you don't actually want high friction between gear teeth, the tooth profiles are designed to roll over each other indeed the ideal is to minimise any sliding friction between the teeth.
Obvious examples of devices which use sliding friction are brakes and friction clutches, these will have a limited wear life depending on the material used and in general there is a compromise between performance and life, especially for clutches which tend to be relatively difficult to replace. These devices may also also include some sort of self adjusting mechanism to compensate for wear of the friction surfaces. Often two different materials will be used with one designed to wear faster but be easier to replace eg bolt or clip on pads working against a steel or cast iron friction plate (as in disk brakes).
Another example is tyres which need to have low rolling resistance but high static friction to provide grip and traction.
Friction is also very relevant in screw threads, wear is significant for things like lead screws on lathes etc which are subject to repeated sliding friction and where it is usually desirable to keep backlash to a minimum. Also on threaded fasteners there is a conflict between wanting low sliding friction to allow consistent torque setting and reduce the risk of galling but having adequate static friction to prevent fasteners from coming undone through vibration etc while still allowing reasonable manufacturing tolerances and there are various retaining devices such as nyloc nuts, spring and serrated washers and locking compounds used to achieve this.
You could also say that cutting and abrasive operations fall broadly into this category although this is normally considered separately from conventional friction per-se. Although of course the analogy if pretty good for things like bonded abrasives and diamond coated cutting tools. | Grinders, crushers, shredders, pulverisers ... |
12,056 | I have 3 programable logic controllers and other one which isn't part of my solution but I can access usefull data via modbus. I've setup windows service on a remote server to gather data and store it in a SQL Server.
But the problem is if the Internet fails? So I'm searching for a hardware data logger solution.
I saw a schneider scadapack but I think it doesn't support modbus as client.
Everything I'm seeing is hardware with I/O for digital and analog input/outputs but I have already that in PLCs. What I need now is to gather data from the PLCs via modbus RTU/TCP/UDP. After the service detects connection errors it registers the begin date and end date. After it detects PLCs are reachable again it downloads the usefull data that it missed from the hardware data logger solution.
Which solutions support this?
* Yokogawa MW100
* Schneider scadapack models
Both this are data acquisition systems via I/O and probably not via modbus.
I'm lost. Help? | 2016/10/28 | [
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/questions/12056",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/users/8570/"
] | As mentioned in the comments you don't actually want high friction between gear teeth, the tooth profiles are designed to roll over each other indeed the ideal is to minimise any sliding friction between the teeth.
Obvious examples of devices which use sliding friction are brakes and friction clutches, these will have a limited wear life depending on the material used and in general there is a compromise between performance and life, especially for clutches which tend to be relatively difficult to replace. These devices may also also include some sort of self adjusting mechanism to compensate for wear of the friction surfaces. Often two different materials will be used with one designed to wear faster but be easier to replace eg bolt or clip on pads working against a steel or cast iron friction plate (as in disk brakes).
Another example is tyres which need to have low rolling resistance but high static friction to provide grip and traction.
Friction is also very relevant in screw threads, wear is significant for things like lead screws on lathes etc which are subject to repeated sliding friction and where it is usually desirable to keep backlash to a minimum. Also on threaded fasteners there is a conflict between wanting low sliding friction to allow consistent torque setting and reduce the risk of galling but having adequate static friction to prevent fasteners from coming undone through vibration etc while still allowing reasonable manufacturing tolerances and there are various retaining devices such as nyloc nuts, spring and serrated washers and locking compounds used to achieve this.
You could also say that cutting and abrasive operations fall broadly into this category although this is normally considered separately from conventional friction per-se. Although of course the analogy if pretty good for things like bonded abrasives and diamond coated cutting tools. | As mentioned in the comments you don't want high friction between gear teeth, but if you're asking about the materials who exhibits higher friction with low wear rate, it depends on several parameters, such as, the nature of the two counterfaces, the environment, the applied load, the hardness, velocity, etc
In general there's cubic crystal oxides, with a high hardness above 10GPA whom with sliding against certain material, exhibits highr friction coefficient with a loaw wear rate, we take an example of AL2O3.
Best regards |
12,056 | I have 3 programable logic controllers and other one which isn't part of my solution but I can access usefull data via modbus. I've setup windows service on a remote server to gather data and store it in a SQL Server.
But the problem is if the Internet fails? So I'm searching for a hardware data logger solution.
I saw a schneider scadapack but I think it doesn't support modbus as client.
Everything I'm seeing is hardware with I/O for digital and analog input/outputs but I have already that in PLCs. What I need now is to gather data from the PLCs via modbus RTU/TCP/UDP. After the service detects connection errors it registers the begin date and end date. After it detects PLCs are reachable again it downloads the usefull data that it missed from the hardware data logger solution.
Which solutions support this?
* Yokogawa MW100
* Schneider scadapack models
Both this are data acquisition systems via I/O and probably not via modbus.
I'm lost. Help? | 2016/10/28 | [
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/questions/12056",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/users/8570/"
] | As mentioned in the comments you don't want high friction between gear teeth, but if you're asking about the materials who exhibits higher friction with low wear rate, it depends on several parameters, such as, the nature of the two counterfaces, the environment, the applied load, the hardness, velocity, etc
In general there's cubic crystal oxides, with a high hardness above 10GPA whom with sliding against certain material, exhibits highr friction coefficient with a loaw wear rate, we take an example of AL2O3.
Best regards | Grinders, crushers, shredders, pulverisers ... |
117,550 | Is there any reason why most non-governmental organizations (NGOs) tend to publish non-peer reviewed literature? I have seen some NGO scientists as co-authors, even in some important papers, but most of their production is reports which are not peer-reviewed. While it is true that most NGOs do not do basic research, some of their reports could easily be converted to reviews, and some of their projects to applied research.
Do they want to avoid peer review for political reasons in order to be able to convey the message they want? In my view their message would be much stronger if it came from a peer-reviewed article. Is it also a matter of time as peer-reviewed articles take a long time to get published? | 2018/09/27 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/117550",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/4050/"
] | I can think of a couple of reasons:
1. Peer review is slow. NGOs want their paper to influence policy now, not in one or two years from now.
2. Peer review journals have a different audience than grey literature. NGOs typically want to communicate with people like policy makers or journalists, and these are less likely to read peer reviewed journals.
3. Related to point 2: in order to effectively communicate with their intended audience they need a different style of writing and presenting their arguments than what is common and acceptable in peer reviewed journals. | Expanding on the answer by @Maarten Buis:
I think it is fundamentally about why people in different settings do research.
NGO's usually do not do research for the sake of research. They generally have a social mission to accomplish, thus their research is conducted to that end. It is not to increase knowledge, as it is in academia. To accomplish their mission, they need media, financial and public support. If you need as much as possible of those things, would a fancy infographic work better than a peer-reviewed paper?
Thus, they need to make sure their research is as accessible as possible for their base, and a broad audience helps too. Supporters for NGOs come from every walk of life. Whatever the people around here happen to think, most people are not turned on at the thought of peer-reviewed research, if they even know what it is. The audience of any one peer-reviewed paper is often very small. Peer-reviewed papers are usually locked behind paywalls, use complex terminology and are nearly always so specialised they cannot be accessed, let alone appeal to a broad audience. NGO's probably aren't going to add much to their audience by publishing an extra peer-reviewed paper.
Academics, on the other hand, get pay rises and positions based on peer-reviewed publications, even if the publications happen to be whatever bit of data They could maybe, possibly turn into a peer-reviewed paper. So, cynic that I am, I have to point out that NGOs are not the only people motivated by money.
Edit: As for the added credibility - credibility doesn't have one currency, that being peer-reviewed papers. Something is not made credible by peer-review (especially with the many meta-analyses showing all kinds of problems in the literature, from bad statistics to publishing results selectively leading to positivity bias). NGO's are subject to a whole suite of regulations and audits, not to mention public opinion, that most academics never hear about. So, maybe they don't have peer-reviewed credibility, but they do have other standards. |
117,550 | Is there any reason why most non-governmental organizations (NGOs) tend to publish non-peer reviewed literature? I have seen some NGO scientists as co-authors, even in some important papers, but most of their production is reports which are not peer-reviewed. While it is true that most NGOs do not do basic research, some of their reports could easily be converted to reviews, and some of their projects to applied research.
Do they want to avoid peer review for political reasons in order to be able to convey the message they want? In my view their message would be much stronger if it came from a peer-reviewed article. Is it also a matter of time as peer-reviewed articles take a long time to get published? | 2018/09/27 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/117550",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/4050/"
] | I can think of a couple of reasons:
1. Peer review is slow. NGOs want their paper to influence policy now, not in one or two years from now.
2. Peer review journals have a different audience than grey literature. NGOs typically want to communicate with people like policy makers or journalists, and these are less likely to read peer reviewed journals.
3. Related to point 2: in order to effectively communicate with their intended audience they need a different style of writing and presenting their arguments than what is common and acceptable in peer reviewed journals. | Both NGO's and governments routinely commission and use non-peer reviewed work. Often because of the shorter turn around but mostly because it is intended for a different audience. I worked in a large government research organisation where this was a hot topic amongst the scientists. The organisation was routinely commisioned to provide reports for government and industry & many begrudged the time it took from the development of journal papers - on which their reputation and in some cases salary was based. However this was bread & butter work for the organisation. This is not to say the reports were not based on good science. Just that they were not suitable for journal submission.
When writing for government / industry journal style does not work. It needs to be more accessable to the non-specialist lay person.
While this may leave it open to criticism based on lack of rigor this need not be so. That is up to the author.
While it is unfortunate that many of the captains of industry & government are functionally illiterate when it comes to science this is the world we live in.
I have seen good policy set based on great work in this 'grey' literature.
Why? Because the freedom from publication strictures enabled the author to communicate key science clearly and succinctly. Would the work be accepted for publication - no. Did it have real impact and advance science, absolutely.
IMHO the key question does not revolve around the domain in which publication occurs but is it grounded in good science. |
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