qid int64 1 74.7M | question stringlengths 12 33.8k | date stringlengths 10 10 | metadata list | response_j stringlengths 0 115k | response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
60,328 | The [Megaphragma mymaripenne](http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2011/11/30/how-fairy-wasps-cope-with-being-smaller-than-amoebas/#.VJ9zSAlE) is the smallest animal with eyes, brain, wings, muscles, guts and genitals.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/sQIak.gif)
If by some miracle it could be still shrinked, how much smaller could it get before it starts to become largely aware of quantum mechanical effects such as tunneling?
**Explanations:**
By shrinking I mean wasp being made of less atoms but with similar "organs".
By affected I mean, if that wasp was by some miracle smart as humans, it would have understanding of quantum mechanical effects same as humans have understanding of naive physics. | 2016/11/03 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/60328",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/29225/"
] | You appear to have a misunderstanding of how physics works. Classical physics (i.e., the thing we generally refer to when discussing how things interact) is [merely an approximation](https://www.quora.com/At-what-scale-in-the-physical-hierarchy-does-the-classical-world-emerge-from-the-quantum-In-other-words-at-what-point-does-classical-behavior-differ-from-probabilistic) of quantum mechanics. There is [no boundary](https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/when-does-quantum-mechanics-turn-into-newtonian-mechanics.530979/) that says "Only past this point are you affected by quantum mechanics."
~~But, if you are concerned with how this creature would behave, you would need to make it smaller than an atom, [as only then](https://physics.stackexchange.com/a/143402) does quantum mechanics predict different behavior than Newtonian physics.~~
Of course, one could simply look up [quantum tunneling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_tunnelling) to see that it applies to particles, and not organisms, which are comprised of lots of particles.
---
There appears to be some concern about my third citation, and I completely agree. The user on Physics has no linked research, low reputation, and low votes. However, I don't pretend to be an expert in the field of quantum mechanics; I rely entirely on some basic ideas of what it is and the expertise of others. To sum up the above (and comments below): quantum mechanics dominates in the smallest scales, while Newtonian physics dominates in the largest scales, and no one knows why ~~or what the tipping point is~~. | Quite large animals are "affected" by quantum mechanics, because even large animals consist of small parts and many mechanisms at the smallest scales of animal bodies rely on quantum mechanics.
For example: the reason that geckos' feet stick to glass is because of quantum mechanics (Van der Waals forces to be precise: see [here](http://www.sciencealert.com/watch-geckos-stick-to-walls-thanks-to-quantum-mechanics)). For other examples see [this Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_biology) about quantum biology. |
60,328 | The [Megaphragma mymaripenne](http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2011/11/30/how-fairy-wasps-cope-with-being-smaller-than-amoebas/#.VJ9zSAlE) is the smallest animal with eyes, brain, wings, muscles, guts and genitals.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/sQIak.gif)
If by some miracle it could be still shrinked, how much smaller could it get before it starts to become largely aware of quantum mechanical effects such as tunneling?
**Explanations:**
By shrinking I mean wasp being made of less atoms but with similar "organs".
By affected I mean, if that wasp was by some miracle smart as humans, it would have understanding of quantum mechanical effects same as humans have understanding of naive physics. | 2016/11/03 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/60328",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/29225/"
] | It is hard to put an exact number on this, but it seems like the answer would be maybe 1000 atoms at most. [From Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-slit_experiment),
>
> The [double slit] experiment can be done with entities much larger than electrons
> and photons, although it becomes more difficult as size increases. The
> largest entities for which the double-slit experiment has been
> performed were molecules that each comprised 810 atoms (whose total
> mass was over 10,000 atomic mass units)
>
>
>
And that is just for superposition in location, not even getting to quantum tunneling like you mention in your question. Observing QM effects in anything larger than that has been notoriously difficult. However, [some scientists have been trying to observe a small microbe in a superposition](https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/sep/16/experiment-to-put-microbe-in-two-places-at-once-quantum-physics-schrodinger). I can't find anything indicating that the experiment was actually done, just lots of stuff about people trying to do it and thinking it will be done in the next few years. So maybe we will get small bacterium and viruses to experience QM effects relatively soon. That would probably set the upper limit on the size you are asking for. [This source](https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2015/oct/01/living-thing-two-places-limits-to-quantum-quandary) claims that even a 100nm microbe would be seriously difficult to observe in a superposition:
>
> A recent proposal suggested “piggybacking” a tiny microbe (100
> nanometres) on to a slightly less tiny (15 micrometres) aluminium
> drum, whose motion has been brought to the quantum level. While this
> experiment is feasible, the separation between the “two places at
> once” that the bacteria would find itself in is 100m times smaller
> than the bacterium itself.
>
>
>
**Edit:** Just to clarify my wording, everything always experiences quantum effects, they just become unobservably small as the object gets larger and larger (with rare exceptions, like the black body spectrum of the sun, but that is another matter entirely). | Humans are affected by quantum mechanics: some human eyes are able to detect a single quantum of light (a photon). |
60,328 | The [Megaphragma mymaripenne](http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2011/11/30/how-fairy-wasps-cope-with-being-smaller-than-amoebas/#.VJ9zSAlE) is the smallest animal with eyes, brain, wings, muscles, guts and genitals.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/sQIak.gif)
If by some miracle it could be still shrinked, how much smaller could it get before it starts to become largely aware of quantum mechanical effects such as tunneling?
**Explanations:**
By shrinking I mean wasp being made of less atoms but with similar "organs".
By affected I mean, if that wasp was by some miracle smart as humans, it would have understanding of quantum mechanical effects same as humans have understanding of naive physics. | 2016/11/03 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/60328",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/29225/"
] | You appear to have a misunderstanding of how physics works. Classical physics (i.e., the thing we generally refer to when discussing how things interact) is [merely an approximation](https://www.quora.com/At-what-scale-in-the-physical-hierarchy-does-the-classical-world-emerge-from-the-quantum-In-other-words-at-what-point-does-classical-behavior-differ-from-probabilistic) of quantum mechanics. There is [no boundary](https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/when-does-quantum-mechanics-turn-into-newtonian-mechanics.530979/) that says "Only past this point are you affected by quantum mechanics."
~~But, if you are concerned with how this creature would behave, you would need to make it smaller than an atom, [as only then](https://physics.stackexchange.com/a/143402) does quantum mechanics predict different behavior than Newtonian physics.~~
Of course, one could simply look up [quantum tunneling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_tunnelling) to see that it applies to particles, and not organisms, which are comprised of lots of particles.
---
There appears to be some concern about my third citation, and I completely agree. The user on Physics has no linked research, low reputation, and low votes. However, I don't pretend to be an expert in the field of quantum mechanics; I rely entirely on some basic ideas of what it is and the expertise of others. To sum up the above (and comments below): quantum mechanics dominates in the smallest scales, while Newtonian physics dominates in the largest scales, and no one knows why ~~or what the tipping point is~~. | Proteins are the smallest machines of the cell that can do anything interesting (for some definition of *interesting*, but I work with proteins and I am biased). They are long chains of hundreds of aminoacids (thousands of atoms) do things like pumping water, nutrients, and waste in and out of the cells, guide chemical reactions, send signals, etc.
One of the tools to study them are molecular dynamics simulations. They pretty much use classical mechanics (replacing the atoms with a fancy version of soft balls) with minor numerical tweaks to reproduce quantum behaviour to a very accurate degree. The tweaks are mostly to avoid having to solve the full electrostatic problem of where are the electrons at each time step; but nothing of that would seem strange to a microscopical individual.
So, to get generally quantum-weird behaviour you have to go smaller than the basic functional unit of the life as we know it. |
60,328 | The [Megaphragma mymaripenne](http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2011/11/30/how-fairy-wasps-cope-with-being-smaller-than-amoebas/#.VJ9zSAlE) is the smallest animal with eyes, brain, wings, muscles, guts and genitals.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/sQIak.gif)
If by some miracle it could be still shrinked, how much smaller could it get before it starts to become largely aware of quantum mechanical effects such as tunneling?
**Explanations:**
By shrinking I mean wasp being made of less atoms but with similar "organs".
By affected I mean, if that wasp was by some miracle smart as humans, it would have understanding of quantum mechanical effects same as humans have understanding of naive physics. | 2016/11/03 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/60328",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/29225/"
] | When I read "If by some miracle it could be still shrinked [sic]..." in the question, I wonder whether you really want to try to conform to "known" physics, especially if you're telling a story.
But that said, I haven't noticed the phrase "thermodynamic limit" being used in any answers yet. The reason human-sized object don't suddenly teleport is because along these lines:
(1) There's a probability of any given particle "suddenly showing up" anywhere in the known universe, as far as Shrodinger's equation can tell you.
(2) When you put multiple particles together, they behave as a "conjunctive event," in probability-speak. The short version is this: imagine you flip a coin. There's a 50% of either side landing, so neither outcome is a surprise. Now suppose you flip 6\*10^23 coins and try to predict the outcome. (ex. "All heads!") Your probability of being right is the product of the probabilities of all the events that would make it up. That probability is minuscule enough that the entire lifespan of the universe (by current estimations) could easily elapse before you successfully guessed the outcome of such an event.
To get "teleportation," you'd need to probabilistic analogue of guessing such an outcome correctly. In other words, we don't see such things happen because the chemistry of the objects that we encounter in daily life (which is a consequence of quantum mechanics) makes is really unlikely for such things to happen during a time-span short enough for a human to observe it. (You'll note that this doesn't rule out such things...it's just says "don't spend your life waiting for it...you'll be bored.")
As an example of a a "thermodynamic limit as a conjunctive even of probabilistic events occurring as determined by quantum mechanics," imagine you have 6\*10^23 particles, each with a 1% chance of showing up 1 meter away from where you last observed them, then as a "clump" they'll have a 0.01^(6\*10^23) probability of appearing there. I don't think your calculator will be able to tell you what that number is....it's way, way too small of a probability.
This is the "first semester of quantum mechanics" answer, by the way. The afterword of your quantum mechanics textbook may then say, "So...entanglement plays a role in how this actually works, but that's beyond the scope of this book, and not entirely understood yet anyhow." (I guess my point is, don't expect to get the complete answer to this question without devoting your life to physics.)
By the way, if the number 6\*10^23 doesn't ring any bells, check out Avogadro's number. (You'll also then have to consider how many multiples of Avogadro's number of molecules make up your lifeform in question.)
Let's point one more thing: A standard example in an introductory class on quantum mechanics (called "modern physics" when I took it) is that of radioactivity (in particular, that of alpha particles, I believe it was), and how quantum mechanics gives an explanation for why it can happen at all. (The answer is tunneling, although let's give it the definition of "a particle having a non-zero probability of suddenly existing away from the chemistry of its usual material, so it then continues its existence without being 'held in place' by all the other particles around it.") But radioactivity doesn't happen because your sample of uranium (for example) is small; it's just the chemistry of the material is such that the probability of a tunneling even is high enough that you can observe it over a time-frame that that people would consider pretty short.
Switching gears, let's get back to your story (or whatever prompted you to ask about this). Miniaturization, as it sounds like you're describing it, isn't really a real-world thing. The objects we encounter in a day-to-day lives are defined by their chemistry, and chemistry can't simply be 'shrunk.' (As an analogy: Build your dream house with Legos, then say "now I want to shrink this down to doll-house sized." To make that happen, you'd need the individual Legos to shrink. But the protons, neutrons and electrons that make up chemistry don't shrink. In fact, they don't vary in any way. Every electron is flawlessly identical to every other electron in the universe. (A physicists, I think John Wheeler, once made a probably-tongue-in-cheek quip about there only being one electron in the universe, doing the job of every electron we ever think exists. If you've every done object-oriented programming, you may find this reminiscent of defining an "electron" class, then instantiation it once every time for each electron that appears to exist in the universe. From the perspective, you might see why some content that the universe's construction seems oddly akin to a computer program.)
So, to actually miniaturize something, you construct something that behaves identically to the original object, but with fewer particles. Whether you can actually do this with a biological entity is probably not a question for the physicists anymore, unless they're physicists who do biological modeling. (As an aside, universities that have a medical school may have some biology-oriented classes in the physics department, probably oriented toward pre-med students that do their undergrad degree in physics. You may also find mathematicians doing things like neurological modeling at such universities.)
If it's sci-fi you're thinking about, you may want to look towards a couple possibilities:
(1) The 'miniaturization' process that you're describing could be more like "nanomachine recreations of biological organisms," which again would means that someone builds a device to try to duplicate the behavior of a given organism. Then you just have to find out a bit more about nanomachines, if you want to try to be accurate within its constraints.
(2) Look to the poorly-understand parts of physics for places where you can get creative. Regarding this...keep in mind that someone with a background in a a little chemistry and no physics may only think of three fundamental particles: protons, neutrons and electrons. (I suppose lots of people know about photons, but they overlook the fact that electrons are the "force mediators" for electrons.) That leads us to the place to dig deeper: If you crack open a particle physics textbook (or flip to the 'particle physics' chapter of a modern physics textbook), you'll see that there's a bunch more of these fundamental particles, some of which have been observed, some of which haven't. The "as of yet not understood" is a fertile place to find things you can make some 'informed speculation' for use in science fiction. (And if you're wondering about why the rest of the particles even exist....my not-particularly-informed response is "stars, stuff that comes from stars, 'mediation of physical effects' and then whatever machinery of the universe that we understood well enough to even suppose that it exists, but not well enough to explain it with any clarity.")
Granted, I'm not suggesting that you try to make heads or tails of a particle physics textbook without having studied all the pre-requisites (eg. the usual year of calculus-based physics, intro to modern physics, intro to thermodynamics, undergrad Electricity and Magnetism, undergrad Quantum Mechanics; the in the preface to Griffith's Intro the Elementary Particles he suggests that 'most students in such a class' will have taken everything in that last, but he suggests that the last two don't need to be considered a strict prerequisite.) But unless you do, you'll probably have to fall back on 'informed speculation' ....but, of course, the less you know, the less informed your speculation will inevitably be.
Final note: If story-telling is your aim, don't forget that the primary device for not getting bogged down in "accuracy" is to simply not bring it up. (How much you can get away with that will depend on the story you're trying to tell, of course.) | The actual question is : how big can a system be and still be quantic ?
Some theories say that if enough particles are entangled, then the wave function may spontaneously collapse, which means that for example it is not possible to entangle Shrödinger's cat to a decaying atom.
The limit for this would be also the size of this animal. |
60,328 | The [Megaphragma mymaripenne](http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2011/11/30/how-fairy-wasps-cope-with-being-smaller-than-amoebas/#.VJ9zSAlE) is the smallest animal with eyes, brain, wings, muscles, guts and genitals.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/sQIak.gif)
If by some miracle it could be still shrinked, how much smaller could it get before it starts to become largely aware of quantum mechanical effects such as tunneling?
**Explanations:**
By shrinking I mean wasp being made of less atoms but with similar "organs".
By affected I mean, if that wasp was by some miracle smart as humans, it would have understanding of quantum mechanical effects same as humans have understanding of naive physics. | 2016/11/03 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/60328",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/29225/"
] | In the world of processors 5nm was assumed as smallest size before quantum tunneling starts to [be a problem](https://www.cnet.com/news/end-of-moores-law-its-not-just-about-physics/). If you shrink your wasp 1000 times it will become 200nm long, since its legs are much smaller they will probably be affected by tunneling. | Humans are affected by quantum mechanics: some human eyes are able to detect a single quantum of light (a photon). |
60,328 | The [Megaphragma mymaripenne](http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2011/11/30/how-fairy-wasps-cope-with-being-smaller-than-amoebas/#.VJ9zSAlE) is the smallest animal with eyes, brain, wings, muscles, guts and genitals.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/sQIak.gif)
If by some miracle it could be still shrinked, how much smaller could it get before it starts to become largely aware of quantum mechanical effects such as tunneling?
**Explanations:**
By shrinking I mean wasp being made of less atoms but with similar "organs".
By affected I mean, if that wasp was by some miracle smart as humans, it would have understanding of quantum mechanical effects same as humans have understanding of naive physics. | 2016/11/03 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/60328",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/29225/"
] | It is hard to put an exact number on this, but it seems like the answer would be maybe 1000 atoms at most. [From Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-slit_experiment),
>
> The [double slit] experiment can be done with entities much larger than electrons
> and photons, although it becomes more difficult as size increases. The
> largest entities for which the double-slit experiment has been
> performed were molecules that each comprised 810 atoms (whose total
> mass was over 10,000 atomic mass units)
>
>
>
And that is just for superposition in location, not even getting to quantum tunneling like you mention in your question. Observing QM effects in anything larger than that has been notoriously difficult. However, [some scientists have been trying to observe a small microbe in a superposition](https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/sep/16/experiment-to-put-microbe-in-two-places-at-once-quantum-physics-schrodinger). I can't find anything indicating that the experiment was actually done, just lots of stuff about people trying to do it and thinking it will be done in the next few years. So maybe we will get small bacterium and viruses to experience QM effects relatively soon. That would probably set the upper limit on the size you are asking for. [This source](https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2015/oct/01/living-thing-two-places-limits-to-quantum-quandary) claims that even a 100nm microbe would be seriously difficult to observe in a superposition:
>
> A recent proposal suggested “piggybacking” a tiny microbe (100
> nanometres) on to a slightly less tiny (15 micrometres) aluminium
> drum, whose motion has been brought to the quantum level. While this
> experiment is feasible, the separation between the “two places at
> once” that the bacteria would find itself in is 100m times smaller
> than the bacterium itself.
>
>
>
**Edit:** Just to clarify my wording, everything always experiences quantum effects, they just become unobservably small as the object gets larger and larger (with rare exceptions, like the black body spectrum of the sun, but that is another matter entirely). | Quite large animals are "affected" by quantum mechanics, because even large animals consist of small parts and many mechanisms at the smallest scales of animal bodies rely on quantum mechanics.
For example: the reason that geckos' feet stick to glass is because of quantum mechanics (Van der Waals forces to be precise: see [here](http://www.sciencealert.com/watch-geckos-stick-to-walls-thanks-to-quantum-mechanics)). For other examples see [this Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_biology) about quantum biology. |
60,328 | The [Megaphragma mymaripenne](http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2011/11/30/how-fairy-wasps-cope-with-being-smaller-than-amoebas/#.VJ9zSAlE) is the smallest animal with eyes, brain, wings, muscles, guts and genitals.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/sQIak.gif)
If by some miracle it could be still shrinked, how much smaller could it get before it starts to become largely aware of quantum mechanical effects such as tunneling?
**Explanations:**
By shrinking I mean wasp being made of less atoms but with similar "organs".
By affected I mean, if that wasp was by some miracle smart as humans, it would have understanding of quantum mechanical effects same as humans have understanding of naive physics. | 2016/11/03 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/60328",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/29225/"
] | Quite large animals are "affected" by quantum mechanics, because even large animals consist of small parts and many mechanisms at the smallest scales of animal bodies rely on quantum mechanics.
For example: the reason that geckos' feet stick to glass is because of quantum mechanics (Van der Waals forces to be precise: see [here](http://www.sciencealert.com/watch-geckos-stick-to-walls-thanks-to-quantum-mechanics)). For other examples see [this Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_biology) about quantum biology. | Humans are affected by quantum mechanics: some human eyes are able to detect a single quantum of light (a photon). |
106,147 | Will Pages/Keynote/Numbers (ex. iWork) be free for old macs? | 2013/10/23 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/106147",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/25581/"
] | It appears that everyone that owns an older copy of iWork for iOS gets a free upgrade whether or not your version came from a retail CD or the Mac App Store.
If you don't already own iWork - you will have to pay for either a new Mac or the apps piecemeal on the App Store.
The above summary is my understanding of this MacWorld article that includes calls with Apple Press relations and an "on-the-record" confirmation that all owners of iWork should get free upgrades despite some glitches in the initial roll out today.
* <http://www.macworld.com/article/2056159/what-you-need-to-know-about-apples-free-apps-policy.html> | No. It can be downloaded for free only for Macs purchased on or after October 1, 2013 ([source](http://www.apple.com/mac/pages/)). |
106,147 | Will Pages/Keynote/Numbers (ex. iWork) be free for old macs? | 2013/10/23 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/106147",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/25581/"
] | In addition to upgrades for users of existing/previous installs of iWork, it has been shown that the logic that handles identifying whether you are eligible for an upgrade does not take into account whther your install was a trial or retail edition. In some cases, users with a trial version installed have found that upgrades were provided. It should be noted that the trial versions are no longer available for download officially. | No. It can be downloaded for free only for Macs purchased on or after October 1, 2013 ([source](http://www.apple.com/mac/pages/)). |
106,147 | Will Pages/Keynote/Numbers (ex. iWork) be free for old macs? | 2013/10/23 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/106147",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/25581/"
] | It appears that everyone that owns an older copy of iWork for iOS gets a free upgrade whether or not your version came from a retail CD or the Mac App Store.
If you don't already own iWork - you will have to pay for either a new Mac or the apps piecemeal on the App Store.
The above summary is my understanding of this MacWorld article that includes calls with Apple Press relations and an "on-the-record" confirmation that all owners of iWork should get free upgrades despite some glitches in the initial roll out today.
* <http://www.macworld.com/article/2056159/what-you-need-to-know-about-apples-free-apps-policy.html> | In addition to upgrades for users of existing/previous installs of iWork, it has been shown that the logic that handles identifying whether you are eligible for an upgrade does not take into account whther your install was a trial or retail edition. In some cases, users with a trial version installed have found that upgrades were provided. It should be noted that the trial versions are no longer available for download officially. |
616,444 | Recently, I had updated my Windows 8 to 8.1, and got some errors with Windows Phone 8 SDK (I could not run unit tests).
The problem is that on Windows 8 I had installed WP 8 SDK with Russian language (my failure...), and now I am not able to uninstall it because it says that Windows running with compatibility settings and I have to disable them to delete SDK, but I do not know how to do it... | 2013/07/06 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/616444",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/236205/"
] | For anyone who runs in to this (since it's first hit on google):
Run the uninstaller from "Programs and Features", it'll fail and give this error.
Right click the icon (Red Visual studio) on the start bar, right click the app, properties.
Compatibility, Change settings for all users, Run this in compatibility mode for Windows 8.
[OK]
Right click it on the menu, and run it.
Worked for me :) | You can install visual studio 2012 update 3 or upgrade to visual studio 2013 ultimate preview, which already has the windows phone 8 sdk inbuilt. |
56,196 | A neighbor two units down from me discharged a firearm inside the unit and the bullet went through both of our units and ended up in mine. If either of us had been using the bathroom we may have been killed. Is there any legal action that we can take or anything that we can pursue? | 2020/09/11 | [
"https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/56196",
"https://law.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.stackexchange.com/users/34428/"
] | Yes. You can file a police report. You can also sue for cost of repairing any damaged property. | ### Yes for the damage to your property, *maybe* for almost shooting you.
You could, of course, sue for the cost of repairing the damage caused to your property by your neighbor.
Whether you could also sue for negligent infliction of emotional distress is a bit more complicated. The relevant test in many jurisdictions is the ["zone of danger rule"](https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/zone_of_danger_rule), which requires that the plaintiff was
>
> 1. "placed in immediate risk of physical harm" by the defendant's negligence
> 2. frightened by the risk of harm.
>
>
>
The exact details vary by jurisdiction (more information [here](https://injury.findlaw.com/torts-and-personal-injuries/nied-negligent-infliction-of-emotional-distress.html) with some examples [here](https://mdafny.com/index.aspx?TypeContent=CUSTOMPAGEARTICLE&custom_pages_articlesID=14722), and many substantially restrict such claims, but in all jurisdictions that use this rule, you must at least be in *immediate* risk of physical harm. The second article I linked gives an example of someone in the *back* of a defective elevator being found to be outside the "zone of danger" due to not being close enough to the doors have sustained harm.
In your case, it's hard to know for sure how a court would rule, but your odds of prevailing on such a claim are substantially lower if the bullet did not pass fairly close to you. For instance, if you heard the sound and only upon investigating realized that a bullet had gone through the apartment, that would not count. |
300,245 | I'm building a caching system and I want it to be ready for distributed caching a la memcached. What I'm looking to do is to convert a traditional Hashtable/Dictionary of (string -> object) and to allow per-item expiration to be handled by the Cache itself, in the way that the System.Web.Caching.Cache can do.
I'm aware that memcache requires some changes to your thinking about caching, especially with respect to managing expiration, but I don't have much experience with it yet. Does anyone know of an article/site/etc with a cache wrapper around a distributed cache? I'd like to try to understand how it's possible to control cache size, prioritize items in the cache based on how much they're used, etc.
Thanks!
Steve
PS - I haven't seen enough yet about Velocity to know whether the same hash-key model applies, if you know much about Velocity I'd appreciate any help as well! | 2008/11/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/300245",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/7104/"
] | You could check out one of the open source Memcached wrappers for .Net. That might be helpful. Here's one from Sourceforge I was running in production for a while.
[Memcached .net](http://sourceforge.net/projects/memcacheddotnet/) | This might be helpful
[Memcached Providers](http://www.codeplex.com/memcachedproviders) |
300,245 | I'm building a caching system and I want it to be ready for distributed caching a la memcached. What I'm looking to do is to convert a traditional Hashtable/Dictionary of (string -> object) and to allow per-item expiration to be handled by the Cache itself, in the way that the System.Web.Caching.Cache can do.
I'm aware that memcache requires some changes to your thinking about caching, especially with respect to managing expiration, but I don't have much experience with it yet. Does anyone know of an article/site/etc with a cache wrapper around a distributed cache? I'd like to try to understand how it's possible to control cache size, prioritize items in the cache based on how much they're used, etc.
Thanks!
Steve
PS - I haven't seen enough yet about Velocity to know whether the same hash-key model applies, if you know much about Velocity I'd appreciate any help as well! | 2008/11/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/300245",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/7104/"
] | The most important thing is to make sure that your application is easy to port, follow normal DI/IOC (Dependency injection/Inversion of control) principles. So code that depends on the cache should not
* Get a reference to the cache themself
* Reference a Dictionary<,> object
Instead, make sure that the code
* Call the cache through an interface, eg IDictionary<,>
* Get the reference to the cache injected
If you are using a DI framework, then when you make the move to memcached, you just change the DI configuration code, and all your components that need the cache will now work with memcached.
And if you found out that one particular memcached .NET component doesn't work well, you can change it easily. | You could check out one of the open source Memcached wrappers for .Net. That might be helpful. Here's one from Sourceforge I was running in production for a while.
[Memcached .net](http://sourceforge.net/projects/memcacheddotnet/) |
300,245 | I'm building a caching system and I want it to be ready for distributed caching a la memcached. What I'm looking to do is to convert a traditional Hashtable/Dictionary of (string -> object) and to allow per-item expiration to be handled by the Cache itself, in the way that the System.Web.Caching.Cache can do.
I'm aware that memcache requires some changes to your thinking about caching, especially with respect to managing expiration, but I don't have much experience with it yet. Does anyone know of an article/site/etc with a cache wrapper around a distributed cache? I'd like to try to understand how it's possible to control cache size, prioritize items in the cache based on how much they're used, etc.
Thanks!
Steve
PS - I haven't seen enough yet about Velocity to know whether the same hash-key model applies, if you know much about Velocity I'd appreciate any help as well! | 2008/11/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/300245",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/7104/"
] | The most important thing is to make sure that your application is easy to port, follow normal DI/IOC (Dependency injection/Inversion of control) principles. So code that depends on the cache should not
* Get a reference to the cache themself
* Reference a Dictionary<,> object
Instead, make sure that the code
* Call the cache through an interface, eg IDictionary<,>
* Get the reference to the cache injected
If you are using a DI framework, then when you make the move to memcached, you just change the DI configuration code, and all your components that need the cache will now work with memcached.
And if you found out that one particular memcached .NET component doesn't work well, you can change it easily. | This might be helpful
[Memcached Providers](http://www.codeplex.com/memcachedproviders) |
50,290 | I have an IO pin on a [LM3S1751](http://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/LM3S1751-IQC50-A2/726-1108-ND/1739410) microcontroller tied to a [pogo pin](http://www.digikey.com/scripts/dksearch/dksus.dll?vendor=0&keywords=829-22-008-20-001101) which shunts to ground when engaged. There is a 100k external pullup on the pin. The pin sees 3.3V when not engaged and 0V when engaged. It's really very straight forward.
Now, I've shipped approximately 100 units and recently received 4 returns because this pin always reads low/zero. I have verified that the voltage does indeed swing from 0V to 3.3V at the microcontroller. I've also verified that the registers to configure the pin as an input are set correctly using the debugger. Everything looks correct. The only way I can get the pin to read high is if I set the bit which controls the internal pullup.
Since I believe (and have had others confirm) the pin is properly configured, I am now looking at scenarios in which the pin may have been damaged. This got me wondering if exercising the pogo pin could generate a spike which may have damaged the port pin. Inside the pogo pin is a spring, which electrically looks like an inductor. However, the part of the pin that moves and the part which is static are likely always in contact which represents a parallel path. The port pin and pogo pin are separated by roughly 2 inches of 7 mil trace... not excessive.
And let's say it did somehow generate a spike that damaged the port pin. What is a likely failure mode? And would it not affect more than just the single pin on the port? | 2012/12/01 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/50290",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/8429/"
] | >
> How do i measure RL and VRL?
>
>
>
They're noted on page 2 of the datasheet you linked. RL is your 10k resistor. VRL is the voltage developed across it. VC is the sensor's supply voltage (note that the heater (VH) must be 5V +/-5%, but VC can be up to 15V max per the datasheet).
>
> Furthermore, in order to obtain Ro, do i need to run a control, and
> record RL in clean air and assign Ro to that value?
>
>
>
The datasheet defines Ro as "Sensor resistance in clean air". So if you require Ro, it would appear that you need a sensor exposed to clean air. I'd suggest chatting with the manufacturer as to whether your application requires a) continuous operation of a clean air reference sensor, b) if it's just a one-time calibration step, or c) if it can be done empirically. | Standard Test condition is given at 200K load for clean air.
Spec is given as RM1 ~ 0.1 MΩ to 2 MΩ for clean air (after climatizing)
And sensitivity as 12±8 for 0.3 ppm NOx for Rs ratio to RM2 of clean air.
However graph shows sensitivity of near worst case = 5 at 0.3ppm
So basically resistance goes up with NOx and thus voltage goes down across VR2 and voltage from RL to RM1 ratio is easy to calculate.
Since using 5V for both sensor and heater, tolerance of 2% prevails.
Side note: I do not know for sure, but if you are not using low sulpher diesel fuel in the USA as they use in Europe, you may get false readings from lowering the resistance of the sensor. Anyone know? |
50,290 | I have an IO pin on a [LM3S1751](http://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/LM3S1751-IQC50-A2/726-1108-ND/1739410) microcontroller tied to a [pogo pin](http://www.digikey.com/scripts/dksearch/dksus.dll?vendor=0&keywords=829-22-008-20-001101) which shunts to ground when engaged. There is a 100k external pullup on the pin. The pin sees 3.3V when not engaged and 0V when engaged. It's really very straight forward.
Now, I've shipped approximately 100 units and recently received 4 returns because this pin always reads low/zero. I have verified that the voltage does indeed swing from 0V to 3.3V at the microcontroller. I've also verified that the registers to configure the pin as an input are set correctly using the debugger. Everything looks correct. The only way I can get the pin to read high is if I set the bit which controls the internal pullup.
Since I believe (and have had others confirm) the pin is properly configured, I am now looking at scenarios in which the pin may have been damaged. This got me wondering if exercising the pogo pin could generate a spike which may have damaged the port pin. Inside the pogo pin is a spring, which electrically looks like an inductor. However, the part of the pin that moves and the part which is static are likely always in contact which represents a parallel path. The port pin and pogo pin are separated by roughly 2 inches of 7 mil trace... not excessive.
And let's say it did somehow generate a spike that damaged the port pin. What is a likely failure mode? And would it not affect more than just the single pin on the port? | 2012/12/01 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/50290",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/8429/"
] | >
> How do i measure RL and VRL?
>
>
>
They're noted on page 2 of the datasheet you linked. RL is your 10k resistor. VRL is the voltage developed across it. VC is the sensor's supply voltage (note that the heater (VH) must be 5V +/-5%, but VC can be up to 15V max per the datasheet).
>
> Furthermore, in order to obtain Ro, do i need to run a control, and
> record RL in clean air and assign Ro to that value?
>
>
>
The datasheet defines Ro as "Sensor resistance in clean air". So if you require Ro, it would appear that you need a sensor exposed to clean air. I'd suggest chatting with the manufacturer as to whether your application requires a) continuous operation of a clean air reference sensor, b) if it's just a one-time calibration step, or c) if it can be done empirically. | I've designed for similar sensors from e2v (NO2 and CO) in connection with the Air Quality Egg project. For that project I actually implemented a feedback control loop to control the heater voltage to keep it within the specified power output (schematics [here](http://solderpad.com/vicatcu/aqe-cmos-gas-add-on/) and [here](http://solderpad.com/vicatcu/aqe-sensor-interface-shield/)). These sensors change resistance in the presence of different concentrations of gas so long as the surface temperature is well regulated. They are also known to have strong correlation with temperature and humidity, so watch out for that.
You need to measure V\_RL1 and V\_RL2 with your ADC. From those measurements, and knowing the load resistances (R\_L1 and R\_L2) and high-side voltage, you can infer the resistance of each sensor using the standard voltage divider equation described in the datasheet. These sensors also tend to have a fairly broad range of resistance that they can vary over, so I also implemented a 'configurable' low side resistance as well to handle different orders of magnitude in resistance. This requires some firmware.
Going from there to gas concentration requires a bit of creativity. In the Air Quality Egg, I stored a tabulation of the response curves that relate RS/R0 to concentration and interpolated between the values. If you care a lot about absolute accuracy, you need to store R0 in a mutable location (like EEPROM), and calibrate by some procedure.
I wrote up a decent hardware design description [here](https://docs.google.com/a/wickeddevice.com/document/d/1H1Ul2SzwXkJpdXGmgnuToOhtt7pjg2RVEUEVk0KCiwY/edit) that describes the circuitry I implemented if you're interested. And the firmware for the shield is located [here](https://github.com/WickedDevice/aqe_sensor_interface_shield) if you want to browse the code that runs the hardware. |
50,290 | I have an IO pin on a [LM3S1751](http://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/LM3S1751-IQC50-A2/726-1108-ND/1739410) microcontroller tied to a [pogo pin](http://www.digikey.com/scripts/dksearch/dksus.dll?vendor=0&keywords=829-22-008-20-001101) which shunts to ground when engaged. There is a 100k external pullup on the pin. The pin sees 3.3V when not engaged and 0V when engaged. It's really very straight forward.
Now, I've shipped approximately 100 units and recently received 4 returns because this pin always reads low/zero. I have verified that the voltage does indeed swing from 0V to 3.3V at the microcontroller. I've also verified that the registers to configure the pin as an input are set correctly using the debugger. Everything looks correct. The only way I can get the pin to read high is if I set the bit which controls the internal pullup.
Since I believe (and have had others confirm) the pin is properly configured, I am now looking at scenarios in which the pin may have been damaged. This got me wondering if exercising the pogo pin could generate a spike which may have damaged the port pin. Inside the pogo pin is a spring, which electrically looks like an inductor. However, the part of the pin that moves and the part which is static are likely always in contact which represents a parallel path. The port pin and pogo pin are separated by roughly 2 inches of 7 mil trace... not excessive.
And let's say it did somehow generate a spike that damaged the port pin. What is a likely failure mode? And would it not affect more than just the single pin on the port? | 2012/12/01 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/50290",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/8429/"
] | I've designed for similar sensors from e2v (NO2 and CO) in connection with the Air Quality Egg project. For that project I actually implemented a feedback control loop to control the heater voltage to keep it within the specified power output (schematics [here](http://solderpad.com/vicatcu/aqe-cmos-gas-add-on/) and [here](http://solderpad.com/vicatcu/aqe-sensor-interface-shield/)). These sensors change resistance in the presence of different concentrations of gas so long as the surface temperature is well regulated. They are also known to have strong correlation with temperature and humidity, so watch out for that.
You need to measure V\_RL1 and V\_RL2 with your ADC. From those measurements, and knowing the load resistances (R\_L1 and R\_L2) and high-side voltage, you can infer the resistance of each sensor using the standard voltage divider equation described in the datasheet. These sensors also tend to have a fairly broad range of resistance that they can vary over, so I also implemented a 'configurable' low side resistance as well to handle different orders of magnitude in resistance. This requires some firmware.
Going from there to gas concentration requires a bit of creativity. In the Air Quality Egg, I stored a tabulation of the response curves that relate RS/R0 to concentration and interpolated between the values. If you care a lot about absolute accuracy, you need to store R0 in a mutable location (like EEPROM), and calibrate by some procedure.
I wrote up a decent hardware design description [here](https://docs.google.com/a/wickeddevice.com/document/d/1H1Ul2SzwXkJpdXGmgnuToOhtt7pjg2RVEUEVk0KCiwY/edit) that describes the circuitry I implemented if you're interested. And the firmware for the shield is located [here](https://github.com/WickedDevice/aqe_sensor_interface_shield) if you want to browse the code that runs the hardware. | Standard Test condition is given at 200K load for clean air.
Spec is given as RM1 ~ 0.1 MΩ to 2 MΩ for clean air (after climatizing)
And sensitivity as 12±8 for 0.3 ppm NOx for Rs ratio to RM2 of clean air.
However graph shows sensitivity of near worst case = 5 at 0.3ppm
So basically resistance goes up with NOx and thus voltage goes down across VR2 and voltage from RL to RM1 ratio is easy to calculate.
Since using 5V for both sensor and heater, tolerance of 2% prevails.
Side note: I do not know for sure, but if you are not using low sulpher diesel fuel in the USA as they use in Europe, you may get false readings from lowering the resistance of the sensor. Anyone know? |
28,922 | I hope this question is in the correct SE website.
I run a multi-author football website. The site has been up since 2009. Each year some authors come and some go. The site is built on WordPress, if that adds any clarity to the coming question.
One point I always try to make to new authors is to use Headings instead of a line of text that is bolded. I include this in my welcome emails to new authors. I have also made a how-to video about submitting a post that covers this multiple times, yet 80%+ of my authors ALWAYS use a line of bold and/or colored text, rather than the built in Headings.
I do web design, but focus on SEO, so this is becoming a huge annoyance for me.
Does anyone have a suggestion on how to make this stick with authors or a different recommendation to eliminate my frustrations over this issue?
Update
======
I have decided to go with [Dunhamzzz's suggestion](https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/a/28949/14653). I have started a [question about the specifics on wordpress.stackexchange.com](https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/q/50801/14558) | 2012/04/25 | [
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/questions/28922",
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com",
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/users/14653/"
] | Instead of trying to blindly replace all bold words with header tags (which could easily lead to breaking an article), you need to *educate* your authors on the importance of the header tags, what they mean and their direct SEO benefits. Tell them that their article will likely receive more views if it is structure correctly, and doing so will make them a slightly more employable copy writer if that's their chosen career.
If you wanted to hand-hold you could adjust Wordpress to create some in-line dialogue when someone clicks the bold button, and explain that for titles the proper heading functionality should be used. | why not create an 'admin' page for them where they enter their articles? That way, you can put a button for, say, 'bold' and show it as bold but internally you code it as a header. If tomorrow you decide to change how you lay out the HTML, you change what the admin does, and your authors don't need to even know anything changed, as they'll use the admin just the same as always. |
297 | Are there any other games in the Cluedo series that has the same characters? The only other one I could find was The Great Museum Caper... | 2010/10/20 | [
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/questions/297",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/users/131/"
] | [Clue: The Card Game](http://www.boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/3269/clue-the-card-game) uses the same characters as the U.S. version of Clue: Colonel Mustard, Miss Scarlet, Professor Plum, Mr. Green, Mrs. White, and Mrs. Peacock. In some ways, it's even more fun than the board game.
There's a [Cluedo card game](http://www.boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/17700/cluedo-card-game), too, but I can't personally vouch for it. | There is a long list of *official* Clue variants which can be found at <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluedo>. According to wikipedia, "The great-museum-caper" is not an official variant.
[This Answer was edited to improve it's value.] |
297 | Are there any other games in the Cluedo series that has the same characters? The only other one I could find was The Great Museum Caper... | 2010/10/20 | [
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/questions/297",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/users/131/"
] | <http://www.theartofmurder.com/> is probably the most comprehensive list I know of. It goes through all the editions, variants, spinoffs etc of Clue/Cluedo. Which are mostly the same game.
*The Great Museum Caper* is a 1991 variant in the US. | There is a long list of *official* Clue variants which can be found at <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluedo>. According to wikipedia, "The great-museum-caper" is not an official variant.
[This Answer was edited to improve it's value.] |
297 | Are there any other games in the Cluedo series that has the same characters? The only other one I could find was The Great Museum Caper... | 2010/10/20 | [
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/questions/297",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/users/131/"
] | <http://www.theartofmurder.com/> is probably the most comprehensive list I know of. It goes through all the editions, variants, spinoffs etc of Clue/Cluedo. Which are mostly the same game.
*The Great Museum Caper* is a 1991 variant in the US. | [Clue: The Card Game](http://www.boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/3269/clue-the-card-game) uses the same characters as the U.S. version of Clue: Colonel Mustard, Miss Scarlet, Professor Plum, Mr. Green, Mrs. White, and Mrs. Peacock. In some ways, it's even more fun than the board game.
There's a [Cluedo card game](http://www.boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/17700/cluedo-card-game), too, but I can't personally vouch for it. |
109,953 | In the cinematic universe, people often throw around the phrase "gifted." For people born with powers, the word mutant is often used. What I'm asking is, is there a general word or phrase used to refer to any and all people with superhuman abilities?
Edit: I am looking for answers about both the cinematic universe and the comics, to clarify. | 2015/12/08 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/109953",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/30527/"
] | **The MCU:**
This is actually discussed in-universe.
From the *Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.* episode *One of Us*:
>
> Coulson: What do you mean, "other"?
>
> Simmons: [sighs] "Gifted" is both insufficient and too broad. I believe there are two categories we're dealing with. Um, "enhanced" is what I would suggest we call people like David Angar, Mike Peterson ... people whose gifts were man-made.
>
>
>
*Enhanced* refers to be whose powers were made, such as Captain America and Deathlok. *Gifted* is used both to refer to people who were born with powers, such as the Inhumans, and as a blanket term for all superpowered individuals.
Given what happened to S.H.I.E.L.D., "enhanced" never gained common-usage.
So no, there is no commonly used term to describe all super-powered individuals beyond "gifted."
**The Comics:**
In the comics, it's a little less clear. Various terms are used for the sub-groups, including but not limited to "Mutant," "Inhuman," "Super-Soldier," and many others. Due to the sheer number of comics and authors, no catch-all term is used significantly more than others. In the end, "Superhuman" is probably the best term, due to accuracy and how often it's used. It's also the term Marvel's U.S. government used in an important official [act](http://marvel.wikia.com/wiki/Superhuman_Registration_Act). | For the MCU:
------------
In *Marvel: Agents of SHIELD* They refer to people as gifted (born), enhanced (created), and for people who have undergone a change via Terrigenesis are referred to as Inhumans. People from other planets who have powers are simply referred to as aliens.
In *Avengers: Age of Ultron* Captain America refers to Quicksilver and the Scarlet Witch as enhanced, without knowing the origin of their powers.
In *Jessica Jones* those with powers are referred to both as gifted and as freaks (by the haters in New York).
These doesn't yet appear to be a consistent term for these types of people.
For the Comics:
---------------
You have Mutants, who are carriers of the X-gene (Homo Sapien Superior). You also have Eternals, Deviants, Inhumans, Subterraneans, and Homo Mermanus (mer-people). These are the terms for people who are born with powers or the potential to have powers.
Additionally there are people who have been artificially enhanced. These are called [Super-Soliders](http://marvel.wikia.com/wiki/Category:Super-Soldiers) and include Captain Amerca, Luke Cage, Frank Simpson, Peter Parker, and Bruce Banner. That page lists a subcategory for how a Super-Solider was created (Gamma Rays, Weapon X, Oz Formula, Extremis, etc). |
54,106 | I need to find software to draw things like furniture or other home stuff in a Mac, something similar to AutoCad, but much more simple - in 2D.
I am not expert in drawing, so something we can load the object from the toolbar or similar.
Any ideas? | 2018/12/30 | [
"https://softwarerecs.stackexchange.com/questions/54106",
"https://softwarerecs.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwarerecs.stackexchange.com/users/42530/"
] | I'd suggest [Sweet Home 3D](https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Sweet_Home_3D), it has both 2D and 3D mode and a lot of furniture built-in.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3y3rW.jpg) | I would take a look at [SketchUp](https://www.sketchup.com/) (formerly Google Sketchup)
I've been playing around with it for some design work I've been doing for 3D Printing.
There is also a [large community](https://3dwarehouse.sketchup.com/) which makes models available.
Hope that helps.
Brian |
2,527,731 | What's the best operating system to study in order to write your own x86 operating system from scratch? | 2010/03/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2527731",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/109104/"
] | It might be difficult to comprehend the source for an entire OS all at once. The [tutorials](http://wiki.osdev.org/Tutorials) over at [osdev.org](http://wiki.osdev.org/) have a few "bare bones" code samples to get you started. | I think best way to read many different operating system sources, definitely osdev barebone tutorials, whitepapers on OS research and documentation on your target hardware.
I personally would recommend looking at l4-ka pistachio kernel, written in pretty darn good C++. There are also multiple smaller projects definitely worth checking out, like jimix or pedigree.
Best to stick around osdev forums and wiki - there is a lot of information there already answered - see <http://forum.osdev.org> and <http://wiki.osdev.org> |
2,527,731 | What's the best operating system to study in order to write your own x86 operating system from scratch? | 2010/03/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2527731",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/109104/"
] | It might be difficult to comprehend the source for an entire OS all at once. The [tutorials](http://wiki.osdev.org/Tutorials) over at [osdev.org](http://wiki.osdev.org/) have a few "bare bones" code samples to get you started. | I just wrote my version of x86 kernel from scratch! (for my [OS class project](http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~410/)) and that was experience I couldn't probably describe. You can find valuable resources at above link. |
2,527,731 | What's the best operating system to study in order to write your own x86 operating system from scratch? | 2010/03/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2527731",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/109104/"
] | I think best way to read many different operating system sources, definitely osdev barebone tutorials, whitepapers on OS research and documentation on your target hardware.
I personally would recommend looking at l4-ka pistachio kernel, written in pretty darn good C++. There are also multiple smaller projects definitely worth checking out, like jimix or pedigree.
Best to stick around osdev forums and wiki - there is a lot of information there already answered - see <http://forum.osdev.org> and <http://wiki.osdev.org> | I read this article a while back. You might find it interesting. This guy wrote MINIX back in the day for the very purpose of teaching OS concepts. So it would probably be a good simple OS to study. <http://www.cs.vu.nl/~ast/brown/>
However, as Martin and Cory mentioned, it's a big chunk to chew. |
2,527,731 | What's the best operating system to study in order to write your own x86 operating system from scratch? | 2010/03/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2527731",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/109104/"
] | I think [Minix](http://www.minix3.org/) was created for pretty much that exact purpose.
Have fun! | I think best way to read many different operating system sources, definitely osdev barebone tutorials, whitepapers on OS research and documentation on your target hardware.
I personally would recommend looking at l4-ka pistachio kernel, written in pretty darn good C++. There are also multiple smaller projects definitely worth checking out, like jimix or pedigree.
Best to stick around osdev forums and wiki - there is a lot of information there already answered - see <http://forum.osdev.org> and <http://wiki.osdev.org> |
2,527,731 | What's the best operating system to study in order to write your own x86 operating system from scratch? | 2010/03/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2527731",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/109104/"
] | It all depends on how you want your Operating System to function, if you want a microkernel you should probably study Minix 3, or if you want a monolithic kernel the current linux kernel is a good place to start from (HINT: look in arch/x86/boot, there is some very interesting code in there).
However I personally think that you should read through the Intel and AMD manuals, and then do a bit of reading on the osdev.org forums and wiki. They have plenty of code to study, and are generally helpful towards newbies. | There is not much point in studying obsolete OS's which is pretty much all current OS's as they tend to have long lives. Have a look at some fresh ideas (although based on tried and true) like [Singularity](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singularity_%28operating_system%29) |
2,527,731 | What's the best operating system to study in order to write your own x86 operating system from scratch? | 2010/03/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2527731",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/109104/"
] | I think [Minix](http://www.minix3.org/) was created for pretty much that exact purpose.
Have fun! | I read this article a while back. You might find it interesting. This guy wrote MINIX back in the day for the very purpose of teaching OS concepts. So it would probably be a good simple OS to study. <http://www.cs.vu.nl/~ast/brown/>
However, as Martin and Cory mentioned, it's a big chunk to chew. |
2,527,731 | What's the best operating system to study in order to write your own x86 operating system from scratch? | 2010/03/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2527731",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/109104/"
] | It might be difficult to comprehend the source for an entire OS all at once. The [tutorials](http://wiki.osdev.org/Tutorials) over at [osdev.org](http://wiki.osdev.org/) have a few "bare bones" code samples to get you started. | Honestly, you should probably not start with an x86 architecture, or even operating systems but maybe something like an 8-bit starter kit, like a basic [Fox11 development kit](http://www.evbplus.com/fox11_hc11_68hc11.html). In college, I wrote my first (and only) OS in Assembly for an M68HC11 processor (the one in the kit).
If you really want to build your own OS from scratch, you've got a long road ahead of you. |
2,527,731 | What's the best operating system to study in order to write your own x86 operating system from scratch? | 2010/03/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2527731",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/109104/"
] | It all depends on how you want your Operating System to function, if you want a microkernel you should probably study Minix 3, or if you want a monolithic kernel the current linux kernel is a good place to start from (HINT: look in arch/x86/boot, there is some very interesting code in there).
However I personally think that you should read through the Intel and AMD manuals, and then do a bit of reading on the osdev.org forums and wiki. They have plenty of code to study, and are generally helpful towards newbies. | I read this article a while back. You might find it interesting. This guy wrote MINIX back in the day for the very purpose of teaching OS concepts. So it would probably be a good simple OS to study. <http://www.cs.vu.nl/~ast/brown/>
However, as Martin and Cory mentioned, it's a big chunk to chew. |
2,527,731 | What's the best operating system to study in order to write your own x86 operating system from scratch? | 2010/03/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2527731",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/109104/"
] | Honestly, you should probably not start with an x86 architecture, or even operating systems but maybe something like an 8-bit starter kit, like a basic [Fox11 development kit](http://www.evbplus.com/fox11_hc11_68hc11.html). In college, I wrote my first (and only) OS in Assembly for an M68HC11 processor (the one in the kit).
If you really want to build your own OS from scratch, you've got a long road ahead of you. | I read this article a while back. You might find it interesting. This guy wrote MINIX back in the day for the very purpose of teaching OS concepts. So it would probably be a good simple OS to study. <http://www.cs.vu.nl/~ast/brown/>
However, as Martin and Cory mentioned, it's a big chunk to chew. |
2,527,731 | What's the best operating system to study in order to write your own x86 operating system from scratch? | 2010/03/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2527731",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/109104/"
] | I think [Minix](http://www.minix3.org/) was created for pretty much that exact purpose.
Have fun! | For my OS class in college we used the [Nachos](http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/tom/nachos/) OS Project and implemented that. I did the C++ version, however I think there is also a Java port of this as well. I remember it being very interesting and learning a great deal, even though it was a lot of work. |
3,071 | There are many pictures I've seen of lightning coming out of the plume of smoke caused by a volcano (Often called 'Volcano Lightning').
Example:
Why does this happen? | 2014/12/16 | [
"https://earthscience.stackexchange.com/questions/3071",
"https://earthscience.stackexchange.com",
"https://earthscience.stackexchange.com/users/115/"
] | To actively take measurements from the mount of an erupting volcano is not practical, so the mechanisms are often modeled in a laboratory, such as what was performed in the article [Experimental generation of volcanic lightning](http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/42/1/79.full) (Cimarelli et al. 2014), who determined that volcanic lightning is controlled by the dynamics of the volcanic jet and how much fine particulate matter is present.
A key observation that the researchers found was that the movement of *clusters* of charged volcanic ash and other particles form to generate an electric potential, critical for the generation of lightning. An idealised diagram of this process is shown below:
[Image source](http://www.groundtruthtrekking.org/blog/?p=850)
As to why the particles themselves are charged was researched in the article [Electrical charging of volcanic ash](http://www.electrostatics.org/images/ESA_2014_G_Aplin_et_al.pdf) (Aplin et al. 2014), which suggests the ash becomes charged through [fractoemission](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanically_stimulated_gas_emission), [triboelectrification](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triboelectric_effect), and the [“dirty thunderstorm” mechanism](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirty_thunderstorm), and the authors also suggest that natural radioactivity in the volcanic emissions may play a role. | From my knowledge, lightning is formed when a static charge develops between ice particles in a cloud, and the charge is neutralized via an electric strike to the ground.
In a volcanic cloud, there is a lot of ash and very high temperatures. The ash is a substitute for the ice particles. The temperature difference between the ground and air allow for easier charge build-up as well.
Volcanic clouds also cause large updrafts which may result in a storm and "normal" lightning. |
3,071 | There are many pictures I've seen of lightning coming out of the plume of smoke caused by a volcano (Often called 'Volcano Lightning').
Example:
Why does this happen? | 2014/12/16 | [
"https://earthscience.stackexchange.com/questions/3071",
"https://earthscience.stackexchange.com",
"https://earthscience.stackexchange.com/users/115/"
] | To actively take measurements from the mount of an erupting volcano is not practical, so the mechanisms are often modeled in a laboratory, such as what was performed in the article [Experimental generation of volcanic lightning](http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/42/1/79.full) (Cimarelli et al. 2014), who determined that volcanic lightning is controlled by the dynamics of the volcanic jet and how much fine particulate matter is present.
A key observation that the researchers found was that the movement of *clusters* of charged volcanic ash and other particles form to generate an electric potential, critical for the generation of lightning. An idealised diagram of this process is shown below:
[Image source](http://www.groundtruthtrekking.org/blog/?p=850)
As to why the particles themselves are charged was researched in the article [Electrical charging of volcanic ash](http://www.electrostatics.org/images/ESA_2014_G_Aplin_et_al.pdf) (Aplin et al. 2014), which suggests the ash becomes charged through [fractoemission](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanically_stimulated_gas_emission), [triboelectrification](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triboelectric_effect), and the [“dirty thunderstorm” mechanism](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirty_thunderstorm), and the authors also suggest that natural radioactivity in the volcanic emissions may play a role. | The discharges are due to the charged particles carried aloft by the plumes rising from or shot from a volcano. The plumes may be dominated by positive charge but usually it also contains regions of negative charge. These regions can discharge to one another or to ground. The current in a discharge can heat the air so intensely that the air expands faster than the speed of the sound — such expansion sends out a shock wave which reaches an observer (who is hopefully at a safe distance) as a loud boom!
Several effects might account for the charged particles being in the plumes:
1. If water suddenly encounters molten lava, it can bead up in what is called the Leidenfrost effect, floating on vapour layer. Any such large drop quickly splits into charged smaller drops, which are then carried into the atmosphere by the rising plume of hot air and water vapour.
2. Magma becomes charged when it fractures as it either hits water or crashes through the upper end of volcano conduit and then is ejected in the plume. Once the charged particles are aloft, collisions can transfer charge from one particle to another or even cause additional charging as occurs in Wind - blown dust. |
77,497 | To give you some background details about myself: I have a deep interest in [Quine's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willard_Van_Orman_Quine) work and Naturalism in Philosophy; I have been independently studying and reading Quine's work and his relation to other philosophers, in particular the relation between Quine's work and Sellars's work: Quine's [naturalized epistemology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalized_epistemology) in relation to [Sellars's naturalism](https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/sellars/).
For a while now, two questions have bothered me, both pertaining to the ['Myth of the Given'](https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100220488): **(1) does Quine's naturalized epistemology fall prey to the 'Myth of the Given'? and the related question (2) is the 'Third Dogma of Empiricism an issue for Quine's naturalized epistemology?**
Here is some research I have done over time relevant to the content of these questions:
* I have watched a conversation between Quine and Davidson circa 1997 on the third dogma:<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4f9fgzbT9rs>
* this paper by Robert Sinclair on Quine and the 'Third Dogma': <https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.2041-6962.2007.tb00060.x>
* This paper by Lars Bergstöm: <http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.490.8640&rep=rep1&type=pdf>
Unfortunately, I haven't been able to find many sources where Quine explicitly comments on the "myth of the given" and I haven't been able to find many papers where this issue is discussed relative to Quine's philosophy. In particular, the issue that has troubled me is Quine's 'observation-sentences': Quine States that they are conditioned to certain neural events, my concern is whether this 'conditioning' violates the myth of the given by making a non-propositional item give support to a propositional item. Moreover, I am concerned that the observation sentence itself serves as a source of ultimate evidence, a foundation.
My gut feeling is that Quine's work survives Sellars's criticisms and that Sellars's work has problems endemic to the "first-philosophy" short-comings that Quine rejected as per [IEP: Willard Van Orman Quine: Philosophy of Science](http://Willard%20Van%20Orman%20Quine:%20Philosophy%20of%20Science):
>
> The basic conception of philosophy and philosophical practice that informs his discussion of science is commonly known as naturalism, a view that recommends the “abandonment of the goal of a first philosophy prior to natural science” (1981, 67), which further involves a “readiness to see philosophy as natural science trained upon itself and permitted free use of scientific findings” (1981, 85) and lastly, recognizes that “…it is within science itself, and not in some prior philosophy, that reality is to be identified and described” (1981, 21).
>
>
> | 2020/11/16 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/77497",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/48641/"
] | From what I understand, Quine's naturalized epistemology is based on the idea that epistemological questions should be approached from the perspective of empirical science, rather than from the perspective of a priori philosophical analysis. In this sense, Quine's approach could be seen as a rejection of the "Myth of the Given," which is the idea that there are certain self-evident truths or foundational knowledge that can serve as the basis for all other knowledge. Instead, Quine's approach is based on the idea that all knowledge is ultimately based on our sensory experience of the world, and that this sensory experience can be studied and understood using the methods of empirical science.
As for the "Third Dogma of Empiricism," this is the idea that there is a sharp distinction between the sensory experiences that we have of the world (the "given") and the concepts and judgments that we form based on these sensory experiences. Quine rejects this idea, arguing instead that our sensory experiences and our conceptual frameworks are deeply intertwined and cannot be cleanly separated. In this sense, Quine's naturalized epistemology could be seen as providing a response to the "Third Dogma of Empiricism," by rejecting the idea of a fundamental divide between sensory experience and conceptual understanding.
It is worth noting, however, that Quine's naturalized epistemology does not completely reject the idea of a "given" in the sense of sensory experience. Quine does believe that our sensory experiences play a fundamental role in shaping our knowledge and understanding of the world. However, Quine rejects the idea that these sensory experiences can be considered to be self-evident or foundational, and instead sees them as being open to empirical investigation and analysis. In this sense, Quine's approach could be seen as providing a more nuanced and balanced view of the role of sensory experience in knowledge and understanding, one that avoids the pitfalls of both the "Myth of the Given" and the "Third Dogma of Empiricism." | Quine's work does not fall prey to the 'Myth of the Given' for a variety of reasons. First, Quine's naturalized epistemology does not rely on any sort of foundation, either in the form of an observation sentence or otherwise. Second, Quine's work is not committed to the 'Third Dogma of Empiricism', which states that all knowledge is derived from sense experience. Rather, Quine's work is compatible with a variety of different epistemological approaches, including those that do not rely on sense experience as the primary source of knowledge. Finally, Quine's work does not make any claims about the 'ultimate source of evidence', instead offering a naturalized account of how we come to know things. In short, Quine's work does not suffer from the same problems that plague Sellars's 'first philosophy'. |
9,497 | In [this question](https://rpg.stackexchange.com/a/157484/40101) I made an answer and [@illustro](https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/36850/illustro) also provided an answer which includes information that I feel would improve my answer (I made a similar point in my answer, but his answer provided validation to that point).
I didn't want to 'steal his thunder' by appropriating the important part of his answer, but am wondering what the correct approach to this is? | 2019/10/08 | [
"https://rpg.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/9497",
"https://rpg.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.meta.stackexchange.com/users/40101/"
] | Improvement is better.
----------------------
If you really think that the information that @illustro pointed you to would improve your answer, definitely incorporate it. We want to create the best resource possible for the [millions who will come after the original querent](https://meta.stackexchange.com/q/244534/311001), and we know eyeballs drop off exponentially as they travel down the page. So, by all means: get the best info into your answer.
In [cases like this](https://rpg.stackexchange.com/search?q=user%3A23970+is%3Aa+thanks) I've made explicit reference to the answer that helped me improve mine, along the lines of:
>
> Here's my thinking. Here's my explanation. @illustro points out in [their answer] (link) that "much better evidence here!" (Thanks, illustro! And you, Dear Reader, should definitely upvote their answer if you liked mine. I did!) Continuing my answer....
>
>
> | Yes, most complete answer > less complete answers
-------------------------------------------------
If someone else's answer highlighted something you forgot to mention or expanded on a point your own answer made its perfectly fine to also incorporate that information in an edit.
The only unacceptable way to do this is to simply carbon copy another answer entirely. |
28,316,013 | I have icon sets (Tick and close) used in excel rows. I need to calculate the count of "Ticks" in one cell and "close" in another cell. Can you please help me how to do that ?
For cells which has text i am using =CountIF(A8:A10):"Text" formula. but for icons im not sure how to do that. | 2015/02/04 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/28316013",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/4501532/"
] | If you just want to use Excel cells only you will need to add another 'helper' column, which could be then hidden, that contains the conditional formula and then use count on that.
Alternatively you could open the Visual Basic editor and insert a module, using [this tutorial on conditional formatting](http://www.cpearson.com/excel/CFColors.htm) | I think it can not be done using just functions. If you really need to see those icons for example and count them I would use something like 1 and 0 for counting, where 1 is tick and 0 close. If it bothers you, that there are 1 and 0 in cells then change font color to white, for example, then you wont see them, and to get those ticks and close icons use conditional formatting. Conditional formatting allows you to make icons, background color etc. [Here](https://www.ablebits.com/office-addins-blog/2014/06/05/excel-conditional-formatting-icon-sets-data-bars-color-scales/) is little documentation about conditional formatting. And to count use just =COUNTIF(A8:A10,"1") . That would be how I would do that, but I don't know what you are trying to achieve, hope this was useful. |
19,999 | I have a receive-only VOIP account with a small-time company in Poland. Not much in the way of support or features, and sporadically offline, but okay. I bought a local DID number from it.
What [FOSS](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software) Windows or Linux software might I be able to use on a virtual server that
1. has the ability to auto-answer calls after a timeout of N seconds (or X rings) because I am not picking up the line elsewhere, playback a greeting and record a voice mail,
2. Optionally, forward the recorded voice mail to an email address.
Something much, much simpler than having to setup an [Asterisk](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asterisk) server. (However if you see a very focused HowTo that applies, or with [FreeSwitch](http://wiki.freeswitch.org) or similar, please share.)
Better yet, is there a free cloud-based solution somewhere, sparing me the need to deploy this software on my own, having a PC always on?
Maybe some indirect way using eg. [IFTTT](https://ifttt.com/), such that supplying my SIP credentials in some (web?) client will trigger an email + audio file attachment? | 2015/06/02 | [
"https://softwarerecs.stackexchange.com/questions/19999",
"https://softwarerecs.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwarerecs.stackexchange.com/users/14672/"
] | [tSIP](http://tomeko.net/software/SIPclient/howto/voicemail.php):
* create announcement file (wave S16LE, 8ksps); it must be as long as the longest call voicemail should record as call would be disconnected when file would end, thus it should consist of few seconds of prompt, period of silence and perhaps warning at the end that call is about to be terminated
* configure softphone to register to your provider, enable recording (mono recording mode would be fine), test it
* set softphone audio input device to "Wave file", select your announcement
* enable auto answer with delay of your choice
* for maintenance-free operation make sure RTP timeout is set to e.g. 60 in "Network" tab
It is Win32 application, but it should also work with Wine (there are few problems but usually not critical).
If you need multiple channels (calls) recorded same time you would need multiple application instances.
Personally I would prefer direct access to recordings via network mapped drive / shared directory, but using mail should be possible if combined Lua scripting with some command line mail client: <http://tomeko.net/software/SIPclient/howto/script_examples.php>. Example script reads name of record file when call is disconnected and passes it as argument to mail client or any other application with ShellExecute function call. There seem to be (only) few command line clients for windows available, but I can't recommend any.
Attachment size for e-mails might cause problems as softphone recordings are uncompressed thus 1 minute recording takes ~1MB. Perhaps some batch file can be used to compress wav file to e.g. Opus in OGG container and send it as mail. | If you are not a FOSS-fanatic, i.e. if this is not a critical requirement, Google Voice will be just fine for you.
Just sign up for an account and it has all you need: you can pick up a US DID **for free**, it has built-in voicemail, and it can send recorded voicemails to email.
Voicemail greetings are customizable. |
286,511 | I have 2 SharePoint lists. I have List A which is list of types of devices (make, model, etc.) and List B which contains an inventory (serial number, computer names, ip address, etc.) List B has a lookup column to reference model types from List A, but how can I copy the other relevant data such as make and device type? I've already set up a workflow to copy the lookup value to a new column, but how can I get the rest of the data from the other list? | 2020/11/04 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/286511",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/93510/"
] | You should be able to simply show the other columns of information through the lookup column that you have added on to List B.
If you go in to edit the column you should see a section that says "Add a column to show each of these additional fields:"
Select the columns you require and they should be added as additional columns.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/gPRSu.png) | If you want this for display purposes you can modify the list view on List B to show lookup columns. Lookup columns will look like this:
LookupColumnName:FieldNameOnListA
However you need to ensure that all fields are selected in the picture @Hartraft posted.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/gPRSu.png) |
286,511 | I have 2 SharePoint lists. I have List A which is list of types of devices (make, model, etc.) and List B which contains an inventory (serial number, computer names, ip address, etc.) List B has a lookup column to reference model types from List A, but how can I copy the other relevant data such as make and device type? I've already set up a workflow to copy the lookup value to a new column, but how can I get the rest of the data from the other list? | 2020/11/04 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/286511",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/93510/"
] | Because your original question is about how to copy data from another list based on a lookup column, that is what I'm answering, however I had the same initial reaction as Hartraft. Namely, that there's an easier way to just display additional information from an item selected in a lookup column from one list into another list. (Hence my question in the comments asking for clarification.) But again, here is the answer to your actual question as stated:
---
A lookup column, behind the scenes, actually stores the item ID of the item in the lookup list, along with some extra information to say which *column* from the item in the other list to show data from.
In your case, your lookup column in List B is showing data from the Model column in List A, but the way it finds that data is that it's actually storing the list item ID of the item in List A to get that data from.
This means you can use that ID in a workflow to find the same item and get other column values from it.
Let's say, as you mention, you want to copy the Device Type value from the item in List A that was chosen in the Model lookup column in List B into another column in List B. (And assuming your workflow is running on an item in List B.)
You would choose a step to "Set Field in Current Item", choose your "Device Type" column in List B, but in the dialog that opens to choose where the data is coming from, for the data source, you choose *List A*, and then for the "field from source" you choose the "Device Type" column from List A.
Then in the lower section where it says "Find the List Item", you specify that you want to find the item in List A by the ID, and the *value* of that ID is the *lookup value* of your Model lookup column in the current item in List B:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/gD6KR.png)
You could use similar steps to set the values of other columns in List B to the values of other columns in List A from the item selected in the Model (lookup) column by using the Lookup ID to find that item in List A.
However, if you don't actually have a reason you need to *copy* that data over, there is an easier way to just *show* the data from List A in List B.
If you go into the column settings for the lookup column in List B that is set to show the Model data, you can choose to also show data from additional columns from List A:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/f1Akz.png) | You should be able to simply show the other columns of information through the lookup column that you have added on to List B.
If you go in to edit the column you should see a section that says "Add a column to show each of these additional fields:"
Select the columns you require and they should be added as additional columns.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/gPRSu.png) |
286,511 | I have 2 SharePoint lists. I have List A which is list of types of devices (make, model, etc.) and List B which contains an inventory (serial number, computer names, ip address, etc.) List B has a lookup column to reference model types from List A, but how can I copy the other relevant data such as make and device type? I've already set up a workflow to copy the lookup value to a new column, but how can I get the rest of the data from the other list? | 2020/11/04 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/286511",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/93510/"
] | Because your original question is about how to copy data from another list based on a lookup column, that is what I'm answering, however I had the same initial reaction as Hartraft. Namely, that there's an easier way to just display additional information from an item selected in a lookup column from one list into another list. (Hence my question in the comments asking for clarification.) But again, here is the answer to your actual question as stated:
---
A lookup column, behind the scenes, actually stores the item ID of the item in the lookup list, along with some extra information to say which *column* from the item in the other list to show data from.
In your case, your lookup column in List B is showing data from the Model column in List A, but the way it finds that data is that it's actually storing the list item ID of the item in List A to get that data from.
This means you can use that ID in a workflow to find the same item and get other column values from it.
Let's say, as you mention, you want to copy the Device Type value from the item in List A that was chosen in the Model lookup column in List B into another column in List B. (And assuming your workflow is running on an item in List B.)
You would choose a step to "Set Field in Current Item", choose your "Device Type" column in List B, but in the dialog that opens to choose where the data is coming from, for the data source, you choose *List A*, and then for the "field from source" you choose the "Device Type" column from List A.
Then in the lower section where it says "Find the List Item", you specify that you want to find the item in List A by the ID, and the *value* of that ID is the *lookup value* of your Model lookup column in the current item in List B:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/gD6KR.png)
You could use similar steps to set the values of other columns in List B to the values of other columns in List A from the item selected in the Model (lookup) column by using the Lookup ID to find that item in List A.
However, if you don't actually have a reason you need to *copy* that data over, there is an easier way to just *show* the data from List A in List B.
If you go into the column settings for the lookup column in List B that is set to show the Model data, you can choose to also show data from additional columns from List A:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/f1Akz.png) | If you want this for display purposes you can modify the list view on List B to show lookup columns. Lookup columns will look like this:
LookupColumnName:FieldNameOnListA
However you need to ensure that all fields are selected in the picture @Hartraft posted.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/gPRSu.png) |
226,811 | I need to work in WGS 84 so I am trying to project my shapefile into WGS 84.
Despite changing the default CRS to WGS 84, when I mouse over my shapefile I am still getting a different coordinate system (please see image).
Now, if I right-click on my layer and go to properties, and choose WGS 84, the shapefile disappears from the map. So for whatever reason it doesn't seem to want to be this CRS.
In ArcGIS you can use the toolbox to define a transformation - is there an equivalent in QGIS?
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/wwLcf.png)
---
Changing the CRS makes my image disappear and that's the problem so ideally I need some suggestions beyond the usual steps ([Reprojecting vector layer in QGIS?](https://gis.stackexchange.com/q/35590/115)) as to what might be happening. | 2017/02/02 | [
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/226811",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/users/90840/"
] | If you just change its CRS, it will keep the value as they were. For an example, UTM values are in hundreds of thousands, not double digit decimals like WGS84.
So instead of changing the CRS of the layer, I generally try to reproject the whole shapefile, by saving it under a new name: just right-click the layer and choose "Save as..." There you can choose a new CRS for your file. | Another technique that works is to set up a project with at least one other layer with the desired projection. Set OTF to on. Import your layer with the different CRS. It will automatically be brought in with the CRS of your project.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/LFo2v.png) |
139,027 | I would like to open [this page](https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/cloud-gke-workshop-v2) (with its images) from a URL and edit a copy in Google Docs. The URL does not require authentication. How do I do this?
* Saving it creates an HTML file plus a folder, which cannot be uploaded as such to Google Docs
* Saving it as mhtml bundles all files, buא this cannot be read by Google Docs. I tried some online mhtml converters but they lose the images.
* LibreOffice cannot directly open a URL. It can open the HTML from the disk, with the images, but this cannot be saved as ODT, DOCX, or some other format that could be read into Google Docs, just as HTML.
* Copy-Paste of the whole file to Google Docs or LibreOffice loses the images. | 2020/02/23 | [
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/139027",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/18240/"
] | Try Save to Google Drive Chrome extension. More details in [Save web content to Google Drive](https://support.google.com/drive/answer/2375013?hl=en&ref_topic=2375187)
NOTE: The above extension works with [the page](https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/cloud-gke-workshop-v2) referred by the OP.
---
From the corresponding Chrome Store listing (emphasis mine)
>
> This extension allow you to save web content directly to Google Drive through a browser action or context menu. You can save documents, images, and HTML5 audio and video all by right clicking and selecting 'Save to Google Drive'. You can save the currently viewed page using the 'Save to Google Drive' browser action. The directory location and format of saved HTML pages can be controlled with the extension's options page (Choice of Entire image (default), Visible image, Raw HTML, MHTML, **or Google Doc**). You can automatically convert Microsoft Office files or comma separated files to Google Docs format.
>
>
>
---
NOTES: Bear in mind that Google Docs is primarily a text processor for documents to be printed so it doesn't support several things that can be done in webpages like using web browser plugins like Shockwave, Flash, Silverlight among others plugins and features. | Unfortunately **you cannot**.
**Google Docs is just not build to edit HTML files**. Even if you were to find some way it would leave behind so many entities that would be impractical to clean up the file.
You could probably uploaded to your drive and use an extension to edit it there. Still (from what I heard) these extensions are not that reliable.
You could though (as the correct way to do it) downloaded it to your drive and edit it with some other application/program that can be quite rich in features or really stripped down to basics (as simple as just your Notepad or Textedit). |
46,258 | i am trying to detect the touch on android and is it possible to have a same function with touch which can work same as OnMouseUp() function | 2012/12/26 | [
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/46258",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/users/24373/"
] | Seriously, Google that stuff:
<http://docs.unity3d.com/Documentation/Manual/Input.html>
There is a complete manual on unity. Took me just one google search. | if you want to develop the touch functionality you have to write input.getmousebuttondown,input.getmousebuttonup,input.getmousebutton will work.One more way also there touch pahse began,thouchphase.end.
OnMouseUp() and OnMouseDown() will work only for windows,mac.It won't support for mobiles(ios and android).
check this links |
97,737 | I have a Panasonic Lumix DMC-FZ60. The problem is I don't really understand the workings of ISO, aperture, and shutter speed. Whenever I go into manual mode, the pictures I take are pitch black. I take the pic indoors with a moderate amount of light, but I don't know why the pics are black.
How do I use manual exposure settings? | 2018/04/03 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/97737",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/74433/"
] | ISO is a setting on your camera that lets you set how sensitive the sensor is. In brightly lit scene's you set it to lower number and as it gets darker you may need to set to a higher number in order to let enough light pass through the lens and shutter to achieve proper exposure. It is best practice use the lowest ISO you can in order to achieve proper exposure because the higher the ISO setting the more digital noise is recorded to the photo/file.
*F stop/aperture and shutter speed control the amount of light let into the camera and onto the sensor or film and ISO is how sensitive the camera's sensor is to light.*
Aperture is designated in stops or what is called Fstops, to change the size of the aperture you change to a different Fstop. The confusing part of this for beginners is that *smaller numbers represent larger apertures and larger numbers represent smaller apertures*. Meaning F2.8 has a larger size opening then F5.6. By changing the size of the aperture you are changing the amount of light that is allowed to pass thru the LENS. *A larger hole allows more light to pass thru then a smaller hole.*
Shutter speed is the amount of **time** that the shutter is open. This is a set of numbers that is based on time, 2 seconds is twice as long as 1 second. All time less then 1 second is represented in fraction I.E: 1/2 a second or 1/500th of a second etc. When you set your camera for 1/500th of a second the shutter opens to let light pass thru for 1/500th of a second.
So now you know that you can alter the amount of light by setting the Aperture ( *size of the opening inside the lens* ) and by setting the shutter speed ( the *amount of time the shutter stays open* )
Your camera has a light meter built in to it so it can measure the amount of light in a scene and then calculate how much light to let into the camera and on to the sensor based on the Iso setting you have chosen. When your camera is is on Automatic mode the camera takes the information from the light meter and it **automatically** sets the the Fstop and the shutter speed to give you the proper exposure for the amount of light in the scene you are shooting.
When you set you camera to manual mode the light meter is still taking a measurement of light in the scene but it is **NOT** setting the Fstop and the shutter speed automatically. **YOU MUST SET THEM YOURSELF**. You will look at the information that the light meter is telling you and **MANUALLY** set the Fstop and shutter speed to match that information.
One of the reasons to use manual mode is that your brain is more powerful and may contain more information than the cameras software does so you may want to set the Fstop to different value then what the light meter is telling you because your brain knows that there is information that the camera does not know OR you want to achieve a different exposure for artistic reasons. | Black pictures in Manual mode just means you are not exposing the image properly. To your eyes the light may seem bright enough but it is no where near as bright as outdoors.
The main culprit indoors would be ISO. You probably need about ISO 1600 or ISO 3200 for the average indoor room. At night ISO 6400 might be needed.
You should take a photo in Auto mode and then review the image and it’s aperture, shutter speed, and ISO.
Use those settings for a starting reference and then you can experiment and adjust the settings to see how they interact. |
97,737 | I have a Panasonic Lumix DMC-FZ60. The problem is I don't really understand the workings of ISO, aperture, and shutter speed. Whenever I go into manual mode, the pictures I take are pitch black. I take the pic indoors with a moderate amount of light, but I don't know why the pics are black.
How do I use manual exposure settings? | 2018/04/03 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/97737",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/74433/"
] | ISO is a setting on your camera that lets you set how sensitive the sensor is. In brightly lit scene's you set it to lower number and as it gets darker you may need to set to a higher number in order to let enough light pass through the lens and shutter to achieve proper exposure. It is best practice use the lowest ISO you can in order to achieve proper exposure because the higher the ISO setting the more digital noise is recorded to the photo/file.
*F stop/aperture and shutter speed control the amount of light let into the camera and onto the sensor or film and ISO is how sensitive the camera's sensor is to light.*
Aperture is designated in stops or what is called Fstops, to change the size of the aperture you change to a different Fstop. The confusing part of this for beginners is that *smaller numbers represent larger apertures and larger numbers represent smaller apertures*. Meaning F2.8 has a larger size opening then F5.6. By changing the size of the aperture you are changing the amount of light that is allowed to pass thru the LENS. *A larger hole allows more light to pass thru then a smaller hole.*
Shutter speed is the amount of **time** that the shutter is open. This is a set of numbers that is based on time, 2 seconds is twice as long as 1 second. All time less then 1 second is represented in fraction I.E: 1/2 a second or 1/500th of a second etc. When you set your camera for 1/500th of a second the shutter opens to let light pass thru for 1/500th of a second.
So now you know that you can alter the amount of light by setting the Aperture ( *size of the opening inside the lens* ) and by setting the shutter speed ( the *amount of time the shutter stays open* )
Your camera has a light meter built in to it so it can measure the amount of light in a scene and then calculate how much light to let into the camera and on to the sensor based on the Iso setting you have chosen. When your camera is is on Automatic mode the camera takes the information from the light meter and it **automatically** sets the the Fstop and the shutter speed to give you the proper exposure for the amount of light in the scene you are shooting.
When you set you camera to manual mode the light meter is still taking a measurement of light in the scene but it is **NOT** setting the Fstop and the shutter speed automatically. **YOU MUST SET THEM YOURSELF**. You will look at the information that the light meter is telling you and **MANUALLY** set the Fstop and shutter speed to match that information.
One of the reasons to use manual mode is that your brain is more powerful and may contain more information than the cameras software does so you may want to set the Fstop to different value then what the light meter is telling you because your brain knows that there is information that the camera does not know OR you want to achieve a different exposure for artistic reasons. | ISO numbers double with a doubling in sensitivity (i.e. 200 ISO is twice as sensitive as 100 ISO). Opening the aperture (toward smaller numbers), doubles the light entering the camera with each f/stop you open, but results in lower depth-of-field. And shutter speed, when hand-holding the camera, should be at least as fast as the reciprocal of your focal length (i.e. 1/60s for a 50mm lens; ideally faster, and faster if you need to stop action).
In short, just adjust (wider aperture, higher iso, longer shutter speed), and see the results. You should see things go from black to seeing some detail; keep adjusting till you see a decent level of exposure. This is especially important, since your camera lacks support for shooting in RAW mode, which would allow you much more latitude for adjustments in "post". |
18,987 | I'm trying to speed up my pathfinding and discovered [A\* with JPS](http://harablog.wordpress.com/2011/09/07/jump-point-search/). It basically prunes tiles before adding them to the OPEN set.
Can I use that technique with my grid that only allows straight directions? | 2011/10/25 | [
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/18987",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/users/177/"
] | If you read [the article](http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~dharabor/data/papers/harabor-grastien-aaai11.pdf), you'll see that they list this as an open problem in the "Conclusions" section:
>
> "One interesting direction for further work is to extend
> jump points to other types of grids, such as hexagons or
> texes (Yap 2002). We propose to achieve this by developing
> a series of pruning rules analogous to those given for
> square grids."
>
>
>
So, to apply Jump Point Search to your orthogonal grid, you'd need to decide which points should count as jump points on that grid. After thinking about this for a moment, I think — but have *not* proven! — that the following rules (based on Definitions 1 and 2 in the paper, somewhat rephrased for readability) may work:
*A node y is the jump point from node x, heading in direction d, if y is reachable from x by moving straight in direction d, and is the closest such node to x to satisfy at least one of the following conditions:*
1. *node y is the goal node,*
2. *d is a horizontal move, and either of the cells vertically adjacent to the cell y − d (that is, the cell one step before y when moving in the direction d) is blocked, or*
3. *d is a vertical move, and there exists a node z which is a jump point from y (by condition 1 or 2) in some horizontal direction d'.*
Of course, the words "vertical" and "horizontal" can be exchanged in the definition above. The point is that we need to pick *some* way of breaking the symmetry so that only one of the possible paths for traversing an open rectangular region is considered. Harabor and Grastien do that by preferring "diagonal-first" paths, but since we can't do that, we have to make do by preferring vertical-first (or horizontal-first) paths instead.
It *might* also be possible to develop alternative pruning rules that produce more "natural-looking" paths, such as preferring the current heading over turning, or perhaps even preferring constantly turning staircase paths. The rule I gave above is simply the most straightforward translation of the Harabor & Grastien rule to an orthogonal grid I could think of. | Actually, if you look at the definition of 45-degree route, it is always possible to transform a path with 45-degree route into a path without 45-degree turn. And it's also optimal (you can easily prove it by contradiction).
So, the simplest way is to run the jump point search and then transform it into orthogonal route. |
4,165,265 | I have two different folders located not under the same parent folder.
Is it possible to make a Git repository that includes them both rather than I having to make two Git repositories one for each one? | 2010/11/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4165265",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/206446/"
] | Move these directories to a single parent, create a git repo, and create symlinks to the directories in previous paths.
In a similar situation I also created a script to make these symlinks automatically (I had much more of them than 2) and added it to the repo. | This can be done by having a folder with [hard links](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_link) to the two directories, thereby giving them a common parent folder. |
350,726 | Many of us seem quite unhappy with the scarcity of quality questions on the site.
If you're reading this, you're probably more than qualified to ask good questions.
If you are also unhappy with question scarcity, then...
***Why aren't you asking more questions?***
Possible reasons
----------------
I'll speculate as to possible reasons (enumerated for ease of referencing):
1. Do you feel that you will lose face if you, probably an expert in some domain, ask a question that you don't know the answer to?
2. Do you feel that question reception is capricious or unfair?
3. Do you think you will face easy recrimination or revenge from users whose posts you or others have criticized, downvoted, and closed in the past?
4. Do you feel that it will simply take too long for you to write up a question that is considered "good"?
5. Do you just always know what you need to know (because of experience or you know how to research or read documentation) without asking someone else, so you don't see the point in asking?
(I expect to keep this open-ended, if more canonical reasons appear, I'll add them here.)
My experience
-------------
Let me tell you why I don't ask very many questions. I feel question reception is frequently unprincipled and capricous. In fact I warn others when I talk about how to engage on this site to just avoid asking questions altogether, unless they're willing to risk the following sort of treatment.
I did a self Q&A here: [Python, what's the Enum type good for?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37601644/python-whats-the-enum-type-good-for)
I was unable to find a dupe target, so I put some effort into writing up the question as well, keeping in mind the downvote mouseover text:
>
> This question does not show any research effort; it is unclear or not useful
>
>
>
So I attempted to ensure that I demonstrated that I did my homework, demonstrating the alternatives to Python's new Enum while not actually attempting to answer the question in the question.
The drubbing
------------
The question was almost immediately downvoted to net -7 or -8 (I don't recall exactly). Some of the commenters were unaware that you are encouraged to "Answer your own question – [share your knowledge, Q&A-style](https://stackoverflow.blog/2011/07/01/its-ok-to-ask-and-answer-your-own-questions/)", and some were questioning my motives, saying things like:
>
> it's suspect, theres no way in hell he could type that in 60 seconds
>
>
>
and
>
> Probably because he posted this question, then proceeds to produce a fully cited and complete answer a minute later. Producing a self answer is fine, but doing it to gain rep doesn't seem to be within the spirit of the "self answer" rules.
>
>
>
One commenter seemed to think that information that might be available elsewhere
shouldn't be here commented this on the answer:
>
> I get that the answer is fine and all, but I really don't think should be a question here. There is already a lot of information on the topic of enum in the form of blogs, other SO questions, python docs, tutorials, etc. Really no need for this
>
>
>
(logically obviating the need for the site altogether.)
Another said:
>
> The question itself seems long-winded and not particularly useful to me
>
>
>
To which I responded: "A common criticism of questions is that they demonstrate no knowledge or research, or that the asker did not do his homework, or show his work. I'm attempting to demonstrate all of the above." They replied:
>
> I see your point actually, guess I was a bit harsh..
>
>
>
But I don't recall an indication of a retracted downvote.
I then got three or more close votes as "primarily opinion based" for this reason:
>
> "Many good questions generate some degree of opinion based on expert experience, but answers to this question will tend to be almost entirely based on opinions, rather than facts, references, or specific expertise."
>
>
>
I was befuddled by this close reason, because my answer had almost nothing but facts, demonstrations, and references.
Evidence from elsewhere
-----------------------
But recent comments other users on a [different meta post of mine](https://meta.stackoverflow.com/a/350537/541136) said:
>
> There is an overwhelming community consensus that these [other] questions should not be allowed. So if there exists an explicit close reason or not is quite irrelevant, such questions should be closed. Mostly people pick "too broad" for closing them and that's fine.
>
>
>
and
>
> everyone just votes to close these ["gimme teh codez"] type of question with some random reason anyway, usually "too broad", even if they are not actually to broad. so i don't understand what SO is trying to accomplish by not giving us an accurate close reason. but then again, I don't understand much of what SO is trying to accomplish in general these days...
>
>
>
Both of these comments suggest unprincipled or dishonest application of close votes.
(Yes a dupe target for my example Q&A was eventually found, and that's totally fair, but that was more than an hour after I got that reception. No one was aware of a dupe target while they were excoriating my question.)
My conclusion based on my experience
------------------------------------
I feel that question reception could be improved.
At this point, I *might* risk asking more questions, but I pretty much refuse to ask questions without researching the answer myself and posting it with my question so that users who find my question difficult to answer don't look for excuses to close it without my own answer at least supporting the question's existence (or perhaps even standing as the canonical answer).
You're not asking questions.
----------------------------
I recently interacted with several meta users, all who were unhappy with scarcity of questions with quality, all who seemed willing to bend the rules to shut down bad questions, and all whom had lots of answers (in the thousands), and very *very* few questions (in the tens or even none at all).
I'm concluding that there are many users who want more high quality questions. So why aren't they asking more questions?
Recap and potential followup questions:
---------------------------------------
I sometimes get poor and unprincipled question reception, and that's why I don't ask very much. I suppose you think you will too, which is why you don't ask very much either.
Perhaps I'm wrong, so I'm asking ***you***,
***Why aren't you asking more Questions?***
And if I'm right, how can we improve question reception for established users?
Do we need a privilege that makes downvotes cost the voter on questions? (Like for every 10k rep you get to ask 1 "privileged" question per month.)
Or do we just need to improve our culture of welcoming questions from established users?
It would be a great boon to all of us to have a new population of really smart and experienced users asking questions here, right?
If you're reading this, you're probably really smart and part of that ideal population, but are you afraid to ask? | 2017/06/14 | [
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/350726",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/541136/"
] | I don't ask questions anymore because... I can generally figure out the problem in far less time than it would take for me to write up the question. (#5)
I don't see a point in self answer questions either. I mean, yeah, share knowledge and all, but... if you can solve it, so can anyone else... why does it need to be posted? If someone else reaches said problem and cant solve it, it's not really a problem with the, eh, problem, it's a problem related to said user's ability to research/debug... which covers the majority of the questions asked on SO. And yet, so many of the answers completely skip this topic! They just provide a working solution and move on, not explaining what the user was doing wrong or why they got in that situation or how to avoid getting back into that situation in the future. It's just not useful. If you're going to answer a question, solve the underlying problem of how to properly debug/research the problem, not just the presented problem. (I'm also guilty of this.) | I recently set up a slightly old implementation. It was a SimpleMembership Authorization and Authentication provider using a MSSQL Database with the ASP.Net schema.
Since this is nothing fancy, and nothing new, there was a lot of coverage. The whole process went without a hitch, and the small issues where I had a question about something were already asked and answered at Stack Overflow.
This is generally how all of my quandaries go.
* Me: Hm, that's odd.
* *google oddity*
* *read Stack Overflow answer*
* move on.
**This is why I started contributing to Stack Overflow.** So that I could give back. As a resource it is invaluable because of the amount of time it saves me figuring out nuance.
Now that the site has grown significantly, the amount of coverage it has is immense, amazing, unbelievabru. Everyone who develops software loves the content here, even if some disagree with its strictness.
This is not to say I haven't asked questions.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vcmAB.png)
However, recently, more and more, the questions I would have are already answered, and the answers are high quality. |
350,726 | Many of us seem quite unhappy with the scarcity of quality questions on the site.
If you're reading this, you're probably more than qualified to ask good questions.
If you are also unhappy with question scarcity, then...
***Why aren't you asking more questions?***
Possible reasons
----------------
I'll speculate as to possible reasons (enumerated for ease of referencing):
1. Do you feel that you will lose face if you, probably an expert in some domain, ask a question that you don't know the answer to?
2. Do you feel that question reception is capricious or unfair?
3. Do you think you will face easy recrimination or revenge from users whose posts you or others have criticized, downvoted, and closed in the past?
4. Do you feel that it will simply take too long for you to write up a question that is considered "good"?
5. Do you just always know what you need to know (because of experience or you know how to research or read documentation) without asking someone else, so you don't see the point in asking?
(I expect to keep this open-ended, if more canonical reasons appear, I'll add them here.)
My experience
-------------
Let me tell you why I don't ask very many questions. I feel question reception is frequently unprincipled and capricous. In fact I warn others when I talk about how to engage on this site to just avoid asking questions altogether, unless they're willing to risk the following sort of treatment.
I did a self Q&A here: [Python, what's the Enum type good for?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37601644/python-whats-the-enum-type-good-for)
I was unable to find a dupe target, so I put some effort into writing up the question as well, keeping in mind the downvote mouseover text:
>
> This question does not show any research effort; it is unclear or not useful
>
>
>
So I attempted to ensure that I demonstrated that I did my homework, demonstrating the alternatives to Python's new Enum while not actually attempting to answer the question in the question.
The drubbing
------------
The question was almost immediately downvoted to net -7 or -8 (I don't recall exactly). Some of the commenters were unaware that you are encouraged to "Answer your own question – [share your knowledge, Q&A-style](https://stackoverflow.blog/2011/07/01/its-ok-to-ask-and-answer-your-own-questions/)", and some were questioning my motives, saying things like:
>
> it's suspect, theres no way in hell he could type that in 60 seconds
>
>
>
and
>
> Probably because he posted this question, then proceeds to produce a fully cited and complete answer a minute later. Producing a self answer is fine, but doing it to gain rep doesn't seem to be within the spirit of the "self answer" rules.
>
>
>
One commenter seemed to think that information that might be available elsewhere
shouldn't be here commented this on the answer:
>
> I get that the answer is fine and all, but I really don't think should be a question here. There is already a lot of information on the topic of enum in the form of blogs, other SO questions, python docs, tutorials, etc. Really no need for this
>
>
>
(logically obviating the need for the site altogether.)
Another said:
>
> The question itself seems long-winded and not particularly useful to me
>
>
>
To which I responded: "A common criticism of questions is that they demonstrate no knowledge or research, or that the asker did not do his homework, or show his work. I'm attempting to demonstrate all of the above." They replied:
>
> I see your point actually, guess I was a bit harsh..
>
>
>
But I don't recall an indication of a retracted downvote.
I then got three or more close votes as "primarily opinion based" for this reason:
>
> "Many good questions generate some degree of opinion based on expert experience, but answers to this question will tend to be almost entirely based on opinions, rather than facts, references, or specific expertise."
>
>
>
I was befuddled by this close reason, because my answer had almost nothing but facts, demonstrations, and references.
Evidence from elsewhere
-----------------------
But recent comments other users on a [different meta post of mine](https://meta.stackoverflow.com/a/350537/541136) said:
>
> There is an overwhelming community consensus that these [other] questions should not be allowed. So if there exists an explicit close reason or not is quite irrelevant, such questions should be closed. Mostly people pick "too broad" for closing them and that's fine.
>
>
>
and
>
> everyone just votes to close these ["gimme teh codez"] type of question with some random reason anyway, usually "too broad", even if they are not actually to broad. so i don't understand what SO is trying to accomplish by not giving us an accurate close reason. but then again, I don't understand much of what SO is trying to accomplish in general these days...
>
>
>
Both of these comments suggest unprincipled or dishonest application of close votes.
(Yes a dupe target for my example Q&A was eventually found, and that's totally fair, but that was more than an hour after I got that reception. No one was aware of a dupe target while they were excoriating my question.)
My conclusion based on my experience
------------------------------------
I feel that question reception could be improved.
At this point, I *might* risk asking more questions, but I pretty much refuse to ask questions without researching the answer myself and posting it with my question so that users who find my question difficult to answer don't look for excuses to close it without my own answer at least supporting the question's existence (or perhaps even standing as the canonical answer).
You're not asking questions.
----------------------------
I recently interacted with several meta users, all who were unhappy with scarcity of questions with quality, all who seemed willing to bend the rules to shut down bad questions, and all whom had lots of answers (in the thousands), and very *very* few questions (in the tens or even none at all).
I'm concluding that there are many users who want more high quality questions. So why aren't they asking more questions?
Recap and potential followup questions:
---------------------------------------
I sometimes get poor and unprincipled question reception, and that's why I don't ask very much. I suppose you think you will too, which is why you don't ask very much either.
Perhaps I'm wrong, so I'm asking ***you***,
***Why aren't you asking more Questions?***
And if I'm right, how can we improve question reception for established users?
Do we need a privilege that makes downvotes cost the voter on questions? (Like for every 10k rep you get to ask 1 "privileged" question per month.)
Or do we just need to improve our culture of welcoming questions from established users?
It would be a great boon to all of us to have a new population of really smart and experienced users asking questions here, right?
If you're reading this, you're probably really smart and part of that ideal population, but are you afraid to ask? | 2017/06/14 | [
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/350726",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/541136/"
] | My main reason for not asking questions: It seems that it will take a long time to produce a question of sufficient quality and that that time could be better spent researching the problem and experimenting myself. | I have three main reasons, and I don't see any of them on your list. Maybe #3 is.
In order of frequency:
### 1. The question I have is already answered.
Maybe it took a while to find, but I was able to find an existing answer on the site. Sometimes I get it directly from Google Search, and sometimes I have to jump through the related links several times, but the information is there. No point in asking again.
### 2. The question I have can't really be answered by people on the site.
I work at a large company and we have a lot of internal tools or additional constraints that make the common solutions to certain problems unfeasible. For example, we use a language that's similar to SQL, but has some variations, but I don't believe the language is publicly available. So if I have a problem and the common SQL solution won't work, I'm better off asking people inside the company than on Stack Overflow.
### 3. I get tired arguing about the question.
There are a few occasions where I've been able to find a generally answerable question and what I believe is a minimal example to illustrate it, but of course in the real world I have all kinds of business constraints. When relevant, I summarize the important ones just so I don't invite answers I can't use, but this often provokes "oh, you have an X/Y" problem or "justify why you're doing this".
I'll attempt to clarify the first few times, but after a while I'm spending more time justifying business decisions not under my control or that don't really relate to the question, and I end up without a solution to my problem, which deters asking again in the future. |
350,726 | Many of us seem quite unhappy with the scarcity of quality questions on the site.
If you're reading this, you're probably more than qualified to ask good questions.
If you are also unhappy with question scarcity, then...
***Why aren't you asking more questions?***
Possible reasons
----------------
I'll speculate as to possible reasons (enumerated for ease of referencing):
1. Do you feel that you will lose face if you, probably an expert in some domain, ask a question that you don't know the answer to?
2. Do you feel that question reception is capricious or unfair?
3. Do you think you will face easy recrimination or revenge from users whose posts you or others have criticized, downvoted, and closed in the past?
4. Do you feel that it will simply take too long for you to write up a question that is considered "good"?
5. Do you just always know what you need to know (because of experience or you know how to research or read documentation) without asking someone else, so you don't see the point in asking?
(I expect to keep this open-ended, if more canonical reasons appear, I'll add them here.)
My experience
-------------
Let me tell you why I don't ask very many questions. I feel question reception is frequently unprincipled and capricous. In fact I warn others when I talk about how to engage on this site to just avoid asking questions altogether, unless they're willing to risk the following sort of treatment.
I did a self Q&A here: [Python, what's the Enum type good for?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37601644/python-whats-the-enum-type-good-for)
I was unable to find a dupe target, so I put some effort into writing up the question as well, keeping in mind the downvote mouseover text:
>
> This question does not show any research effort; it is unclear or not useful
>
>
>
So I attempted to ensure that I demonstrated that I did my homework, demonstrating the alternatives to Python's new Enum while not actually attempting to answer the question in the question.
The drubbing
------------
The question was almost immediately downvoted to net -7 or -8 (I don't recall exactly). Some of the commenters were unaware that you are encouraged to "Answer your own question – [share your knowledge, Q&A-style](https://stackoverflow.blog/2011/07/01/its-ok-to-ask-and-answer-your-own-questions/)", and some were questioning my motives, saying things like:
>
> it's suspect, theres no way in hell he could type that in 60 seconds
>
>
>
and
>
> Probably because he posted this question, then proceeds to produce a fully cited and complete answer a minute later. Producing a self answer is fine, but doing it to gain rep doesn't seem to be within the spirit of the "self answer" rules.
>
>
>
One commenter seemed to think that information that might be available elsewhere
shouldn't be here commented this on the answer:
>
> I get that the answer is fine and all, but I really don't think should be a question here. There is already a lot of information on the topic of enum in the form of blogs, other SO questions, python docs, tutorials, etc. Really no need for this
>
>
>
(logically obviating the need for the site altogether.)
Another said:
>
> The question itself seems long-winded and not particularly useful to me
>
>
>
To which I responded: "A common criticism of questions is that they demonstrate no knowledge or research, or that the asker did not do his homework, or show his work. I'm attempting to demonstrate all of the above." They replied:
>
> I see your point actually, guess I was a bit harsh..
>
>
>
But I don't recall an indication of a retracted downvote.
I then got three or more close votes as "primarily opinion based" for this reason:
>
> "Many good questions generate some degree of opinion based on expert experience, but answers to this question will tend to be almost entirely based on opinions, rather than facts, references, or specific expertise."
>
>
>
I was befuddled by this close reason, because my answer had almost nothing but facts, demonstrations, and references.
Evidence from elsewhere
-----------------------
But recent comments other users on a [different meta post of mine](https://meta.stackoverflow.com/a/350537/541136) said:
>
> There is an overwhelming community consensus that these [other] questions should not be allowed. So if there exists an explicit close reason or not is quite irrelevant, such questions should be closed. Mostly people pick "too broad" for closing them and that's fine.
>
>
>
and
>
> everyone just votes to close these ["gimme teh codez"] type of question with some random reason anyway, usually "too broad", even if they are not actually to broad. so i don't understand what SO is trying to accomplish by not giving us an accurate close reason. but then again, I don't understand much of what SO is trying to accomplish in general these days...
>
>
>
Both of these comments suggest unprincipled or dishonest application of close votes.
(Yes a dupe target for my example Q&A was eventually found, and that's totally fair, but that was more than an hour after I got that reception. No one was aware of a dupe target while they were excoriating my question.)
My conclusion based on my experience
------------------------------------
I feel that question reception could be improved.
At this point, I *might* risk asking more questions, but I pretty much refuse to ask questions without researching the answer myself and posting it with my question so that users who find my question difficult to answer don't look for excuses to close it without my own answer at least supporting the question's existence (or perhaps even standing as the canonical answer).
You're not asking questions.
----------------------------
I recently interacted with several meta users, all who were unhappy with scarcity of questions with quality, all who seemed willing to bend the rules to shut down bad questions, and all whom had lots of answers (in the thousands), and very *very* few questions (in the tens or even none at all).
I'm concluding that there are many users who want more high quality questions. So why aren't they asking more questions?
Recap and potential followup questions:
---------------------------------------
I sometimes get poor and unprincipled question reception, and that's why I don't ask very much. I suppose you think you will too, which is why you don't ask very much either.
Perhaps I'm wrong, so I'm asking ***you***,
***Why aren't you asking more Questions?***
And if I'm right, how can we improve question reception for established users?
Do we need a privilege that makes downvotes cost the voter on questions? (Like for every 10k rep you get to ask 1 "privileged" question per month.)
Or do we just need to improve our culture of welcoming questions from established users?
It would be a great boon to all of us to have a new population of really smart and experienced users asking questions here, right?
If you're reading this, you're probably really smart and part of that ideal population, but are you afraid to ask? | 2017/06/14 | [
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/350726",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/541136/"
] | It's pretty simple, really. The expectation among MSO regulars is usually that [the asker will have *exhausted* their own resources before asking](https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/261592/how-much-research-effort-is-expected-of-stack-overflow-users/261593#261593). Since a typical skilled answerer has a lot more resources, their question may well not be worth putting that much effort into it, and by the time they have run out of things to try, going back through all their research and reorganizing it to be concise and understandable can be a major hassle. And the question itself will of course likely be complex and difficult to handle, so answers are less likely to come in quickly, or in some cases at all.
So it's mostly a problem of *double standards*. Lazy askers, of which there are millions, can ask simple low-effort questions fairly freely, and despite our distaste for them, they cannot be reliably blocked and often get answered, even quite quickly. Worse yet, these are arguably *useful* to other askers too lazy to even ask — in other words, web searchers, the site's notional audience. But anyone with a high rep, especially from answering, is going to need to work much harder to get the same reception. At that point, why even ask the question unless it's absolutely mission-critical?
When the cost of questions is much higher and the value distribution stays pretty similar, the simplest economic theory will tell you what happens.
The answer to [Should we be afraid to ask questions?](https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/255517/should-we-be-afraid-to-ask-questions) was overwhelmingly **YES**. This hasn't changed. | I ask questions when I am stuck, have googled a fair bit, tried some things and have hit a dead end.
But now I know that a question will get shot down in flames if there is anyway any part of it can be interpreted as poor, lazy, not researched,... Didnt used to happen
I do know that the question is clear in my mind (I have all the context) and that I forget that the SO readers only see what I typed (they cant see inside my head). But please comment 'please clarify the what platform u are on' , 'did you try fizzling yr boggle', etc. rather than just saying 'Closed off topic', 'did you bother to do ANY research',...
I try to follow those rules when answering, but I will certainly shoot down sheer laziness (direct posting of the text of a class assignment for example) |
350,726 | Many of us seem quite unhappy with the scarcity of quality questions on the site.
If you're reading this, you're probably more than qualified to ask good questions.
If you are also unhappy with question scarcity, then...
***Why aren't you asking more questions?***
Possible reasons
----------------
I'll speculate as to possible reasons (enumerated for ease of referencing):
1. Do you feel that you will lose face if you, probably an expert in some domain, ask a question that you don't know the answer to?
2. Do you feel that question reception is capricious or unfair?
3. Do you think you will face easy recrimination or revenge from users whose posts you or others have criticized, downvoted, and closed in the past?
4. Do you feel that it will simply take too long for you to write up a question that is considered "good"?
5. Do you just always know what you need to know (because of experience or you know how to research or read documentation) without asking someone else, so you don't see the point in asking?
(I expect to keep this open-ended, if more canonical reasons appear, I'll add them here.)
My experience
-------------
Let me tell you why I don't ask very many questions. I feel question reception is frequently unprincipled and capricous. In fact I warn others when I talk about how to engage on this site to just avoid asking questions altogether, unless they're willing to risk the following sort of treatment.
I did a self Q&A here: [Python, what's the Enum type good for?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37601644/python-whats-the-enum-type-good-for)
I was unable to find a dupe target, so I put some effort into writing up the question as well, keeping in mind the downvote mouseover text:
>
> This question does not show any research effort; it is unclear or not useful
>
>
>
So I attempted to ensure that I demonstrated that I did my homework, demonstrating the alternatives to Python's new Enum while not actually attempting to answer the question in the question.
The drubbing
------------
The question was almost immediately downvoted to net -7 or -8 (I don't recall exactly). Some of the commenters were unaware that you are encouraged to "Answer your own question – [share your knowledge, Q&A-style](https://stackoverflow.blog/2011/07/01/its-ok-to-ask-and-answer-your-own-questions/)", and some were questioning my motives, saying things like:
>
> it's suspect, theres no way in hell he could type that in 60 seconds
>
>
>
and
>
> Probably because he posted this question, then proceeds to produce a fully cited and complete answer a minute later. Producing a self answer is fine, but doing it to gain rep doesn't seem to be within the spirit of the "self answer" rules.
>
>
>
One commenter seemed to think that information that might be available elsewhere
shouldn't be here commented this on the answer:
>
> I get that the answer is fine and all, but I really don't think should be a question here. There is already a lot of information on the topic of enum in the form of blogs, other SO questions, python docs, tutorials, etc. Really no need for this
>
>
>
(logically obviating the need for the site altogether.)
Another said:
>
> The question itself seems long-winded and not particularly useful to me
>
>
>
To which I responded: "A common criticism of questions is that they demonstrate no knowledge or research, or that the asker did not do his homework, or show his work. I'm attempting to demonstrate all of the above." They replied:
>
> I see your point actually, guess I was a bit harsh..
>
>
>
But I don't recall an indication of a retracted downvote.
I then got three or more close votes as "primarily opinion based" for this reason:
>
> "Many good questions generate some degree of opinion based on expert experience, but answers to this question will tend to be almost entirely based on opinions, rather than facts, references, or specific expertise."
>
>
>
I was befuddled by this close reason, because my answer had almost nothing but facts, demonstrations, and references.
Evidence from elsewhere
-----------------------
But recent comments other users on a [different meta post of mine](https://meta.stackoverflow.com/a/350537/541136) said:
>
> There is an overwhelming community consensus that these [other] questions should not be allowed. So if there exists an explicit close reason or not is quite irrelevant, such questions should be closed. Mostly people pick "too broad" for closing them and that's fine.
>
>
>
and
>
> everyone just votes to close these ["gimme teh codez"] type of question with some random reason anyway, usually "too broad", even if they are not actually to broad. so i don't understand what SO is trying to accomplish by not giving us an accurate close reason. but then again, I don't understand much of what SO is trying to accomplish in general these days...
>
>
>
Both of these comments suggest unprincipled or dishonest application of close votes.
(Yes a dupe target for my example Q&A was eventually found, and that's totally fair, but that was more than an hour after I got that reception. No one was aware of a dupe target while they were excoriating my question.)
My conclusion based on my experience
------------------------------------
I feel that question reception could be improved.
At this point, I *might* risk asking more questions, but I pretty much refuse to ask questions without researching the answer myself and posting it with my question so that users who find my question difficult to answer don't look for excuses to close it without my own answer at least supporting the question's existence (or perhaps even standing as the canonical answer).
You're not asking questions.
----------------------------
I recently interacted with several meta users, all who were unhappy with scarcity of questions with quality, all who seemed willing to bend the rules to shut down bad questions, and all whom had lots of answers (in the thousands), and very *very* few questions (in the tens or even none at all).
I'm concluding that there are many users who want more high quality questions. So why aren't they asking more questions?
Recap and potential followup questions:
---------------------------------------
I sometimes get poor and unprincipled question reception, and that's why I don't ask very much. I suppose you think you will too, which is why you don't ask very much either.
Perhaps I'm wrong, so I'm asking ***you***,
***Why aren't you asking more Questions?***
And if I'm right, how can we improve question reception for established users?
Do we need a privilege that makes downvotes cost the voter on questions? (Like for every 10k rep you get to ask 1 "privileged" question per month.)
Or do we just need to improve our culture of welcoming questions from established users?
It would be a great boon to all of us to have a new population of really smart and experienced users asking questions here, right?
If you're reading this, you're probably really smart and part of that ideal population, but are you afraid to ask? | 2017/06/14 | [
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/350726",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/541136/"
] | I have three main reasons, and I don't see any of them on your list. Maybe #3 is.
In order of frequency:
### 1. The question I have is already answered.
Maybe it took a while to find, but I was able to find an existing answer on the site. Sometimes I get it directly from Google Search, and sometimes I have to jump through the related links several times, but the information is there. No point in asking again.
### 2. The question I have can't really be answered by people on the site.
I work at a large company and we have a lot of internal tools or additional constraints that make the common solutions to certain problems unfeasible. For example, we use a language that's similar to SQL, but has some variations, but I don't believe the language is publicly available. So if I have a problem and the common SQL solution won't work, I'm better off asking people inside the company than on Stack Overflow.
### 3. I get tired arguing about the question.
There are a few occasions where I've been able to find a generally answerable question and what I believe is a minimal example to illustrate it, but of course in the real world I have all kinds of business constraints. When relevant, I summarize the important ones just so I don't invite answers I can't use, but this often provokes "oh, you have an X/Y" problem or "justify why you're doing this".
I'll attempt to clarify the first few times, but after a while I'm spending more time justifying business decisions not under my control or that don't really relate to the question, and I end up without a solution to my problem, which deters asking again in the future. | I ask questions when I am stuck, have googled a fair bit, tried some things and have hit a dead end.
But now I know that a question will get shot down in flames if there is anyway any part of it can be interpreted as poor, lazy, not researched,... Didnt used to happen
I do know that the question is clear in my mind (I have all the context) and that I forget that the SO readers only see what I typed (they cant see inside my head). But please comment 'please clarify the what platform u are on' , 'did you try fizzling yr boggle', etc. rather than just saying 'Closed off topic', 'did you bother to do ANY research',...
I try to follow those rules when answering, but I will certainly shoot down sheer laziness (direct posting of the text of a class assignment for example) |
350,726 | Many of us seem quite unhappy with the scarcity of quality questions on the site.
If you're reading this, you're probably more than qualified to ask good questions.
If you are also unhappy with question scarcity, then...
***Why aren't you asking more questions?***
Possible reasons
----------------
I'll speculate as to possible reasons (enumerated for ease of referencing):
1. Do you feel that you will lose face if you, probably an expert in some domain, ask a question that you don't know the answer to?
2. Do you feel that question reception is capricious or unfair?
3. Do you think you will face easy recrimination or revenge from users whose posts you or others have criticized, downvoted, and closed in the past?
4. Do you feel that it will simply take too long for you to write up a question that is considered "good"?
5. Do you just always know what you need to know (because of experience or you know how to research or read documentation) without asking someone else, so you don't see the point in asking?
(I expect to keep this open-ended, if more canonical reasons appear, I'll add them here.)
My experience
-------------
Let me tell you why I don't ask very many questions. I feel question reception is frequently unprincipled and capricous. In fact I warn others when I talk about how to engage on this site to just avoid asking questions altogether, unless they're willing to risk the following sort of treatment.
I did a self Q&A here: [Python, what's the Enum type good for?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37601644/python-whats-the-enum-type-good-for)
I was unable to find a dupe target, so I put some effort into writing up the question as well, keeping in mind the downvote mouseover text:
>
> This question does not show any research effort; it is unclear or not useful
>
>
>
So I attempted to ensure that I demonstrated that I did my homework, demonstrating the alternatives to Python's new Enum while not actually attempting to answer the question in the question.
The drubbing
------------
The question was almost immediately downvoted to net -7 or -8 (I don't recall exactly). Some of the commenters were unaware that you are encouraged to "Answer your own question – [share your knowledge, Q&A-style](https://stackoverflow.blog/2011/07/01/its-ok-to-ask-and-answer-your-own-questions/)", and some were questioning my motives, saying things like:
>
> it's suspect, theres no way in hell he could type that in 60 seconds
>
>
>
and
>
> Probably because he posted this question, then proceeds to produce a fully cited and complete answer a minute later. Producing a self answer is fine, but doing it to gain rep doesn't seem to be within the spirit of the "self answer" rules.
>
>
>
One commenter seemed to think that information that might be available elsewhere
shouldn't be here commented this on the answer:
>
> I get that the answer is fine and all, but I really don't think should be a question here. There is already a lot of information on the topic of enum in the form of blogs, other SO questions, python docs, tutorials, etc. Really no need for this
>
>
>
(logically obviating the need for the site altogether.)
Another said:
>
> The question itself seems long-winded and not particularly useful to me
>
>
>
To which I responded: "A common criticism of questions is that they demonstrate no knowledge or research, or that the asker did not do his homework, or show his work. I'm attempting to demonstrate all of the above." They replied:
>
> I see your point actually, guess I was a bit harsh..
>
>
>
But I don't recall an indication of a retracted downvote.
I then got three or more close votes as "primarily opinion based" for this reason:
>
> "Many good questions generate some degree of opinion based on expert experience, but answers to this question will tend to be almost entirely based on opinions, rather than facts, references, or specific expertise."
>
>
>
I was befuddled by this close reason, because my answer had almost nothing but facts, demonstrations, and references.
Evidence from elsewhere
-----------------------
But recent comments other users on a [different meta post of mine](https://meta.stackoverflow.com/a/350537/541136) said:
>
> There is an overwhelming community consensus that these [other] questions should not be allowed. So if there exists an explicit close reason or not is quite irrelevant, such questions should be closed. Mostly people pick "too broad" for closing them and that's fine.
>
>
>
and
>
> everyone just votes to close these ["gimme teh codez"] type of question with some random reason anyway, usually "too broad", even if they are not actually to broad. so i don't understand what SO is trying to accomplish by not giving us an accurate close reason. but then again, I don't understand much of what SO is trying to accomplish in general these days...
>
>
>
Both of these comments suggest unprincipled or dishonest application of close votes.
(Yes a dupe target for my example Q&A was eventually found, and that's totally fair, but that was more than an hour after I got that reception. No one was aware of a dupe target while they were excoriating my question.)
My conclusion based on my experience
------------------------------------
I feel that question reception could be improved.
At this point, I *might* risk asking more questions, but I pretty much refuse to ask questions without researching the answer myself and posting it with my question so that users who find my question difficult to answer don't look for excuses to close it without my own answer at least supporting the question's existence (or perhaps even standing as the canonical answer).
You're not asking questions.
----------------------------
I recently interacted with several meta users, all who were unhappy with scarcity of questions with quality, all who seemed willing to bend the rules to shut down bad questions, and all whom had lots of answers (in the thousands), and very *very* few questions (in the tens or even none at all).
I'm concluding that there are many users who want more high quality questions. So why aren't they asking more questions?
Recap and potential followup questions:
---------------------------------------
I sometimes get poor and unprincipled question reception, and that's why I don't ask very much. I suppose you think you will too, which is why you don't ask very much either.
Perhaps I'm wrong, so I'm asking ***you***,
***Why aren't you asking more Questions?***
And if I'm right, how can we improve question reception for established users?
Do we need a privilege that makes downvotes cost the voter on questions? (Like for every 10k rep you get to ask 1 "privileged" question per month.)
Or do we just need to improve our culture of welcoming questions from established users?
It would be a great boon to all of us to have a new population of really smart and experienced users asking questions here, right?
If you're reading this, you're probably really smart and part of that ideal population, but are you afraid to ask? | 2017/06/14 | [
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/350726",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/541136/"
] | It's pretty simple, really. The expectation among MSO regulars is usually that [the asker will have *exhausted* their own resources before asking](https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/261592/how-much-research-effort-is-expected-of-stack-overflow-users/261593#261593). Since a typical skilled answerer has a lot more resources, their question may well not be worth putting that much effort into it, and by the time they have run out of things to try, going back through all their research and reorganizing it to be concise and understandable can be a major hassle. And the question itself will of course likely be complex and difficult to handle, so answers are less likely to come in quickly, or in some cases at all.
So it's mostly a problem of *double standards*. Lazy askers, of which there are millions, can ask simple low-effort questions fairly freely, and despite our distaste for them, they cannot be reliably blocked and often get answered, even quite quickly. Worse yet, these are arguably *useful* to other askers too lazy to even ask — in other words, web searchers, the site's notional audience. But anyone with a high rep, especially from answering, is going to need to work much harder to get the same reception. At that point, why even ask the question unless it's absolutely mission-critical?
When the cost of questions is much higher and the value distribution stays pretty similar, the simplest economic theory will tell you what happens.
The answer to [Should we be afraid to ask questions?](https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/255517/should-we-be-afraid-to-ask-questions) was overwhelmingly **YES**. This hasn't changed. | I don't ask questions anymore because... I can generally figure out the problem in far less time than it would take for me to write up the question. (#5)
I don't see a point in self answer questions either. I mean, yeah, share knowledge and all, but... if you can solve it, so can anyone else... why does it need to be posted? If someone else reaches said problem and cant solve it, it's not really a problem with the, eh, problem, it's a problem related to said user's ability to research/debug... which covers the majority of the questions asked on SO. And yet, so many of the answers completely skip this topic! They just provide a working solution and move on, not explaining what the user was doing wrong or why they got in that situation or how to avoid getting back into that situation in the future. It's just not useful. If you're going to answer a question, solve the underlying problem of how to properly debug/research the problem, not just the presented problem. (I'm also guilty of this.) |
350,726 | Many of us seem quite unhappy with the scarcity of quality questions on the site.
If you're reading this, you're probably more than qualified to ask good questions.
If you are also unhappy with question scarcity, then...
***Why aren't you asking more questions?***
Possible reasons
----------------
I'll speculate as to possible reasons (enumerated for ease of referencing):
1. Do you feel that you will lose face if you, probably an expert in some domain, ask a question that you don't know the answer to?
2. Do you feel that question reception is capricious or unfair?
3. Do you think you will face easy recrimination or revenge from users whose posts you or others have criticized, downvoted, and closed in the past?
4. Do you feel that it will simply take too long for you to write up a question that is considered "good"?
5. Do you just always know what you need to know (because of experience or you know how to research or read documentation) without asking someone else, so you don't see the point in asking?
(I expect to keep this open-ended, if more canonical reasons appear, I'll add them here.)
My experience
-------------
Let me tell you why I don't ask very many questions. I feel question reception is frequently unprincipled and capricous. In fact I warn others when I talk about how to engage on this site to just avoid asking questions altogether, unless they're willing to risk the following sort of treatment.
I did a self Q&A here: [Python, what's the Enum type good for?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37601644/python-whats-the-enum-type-good-for)
I was unable to find a dupe target, so I put some effort into writing up the question as well, keeping in mind the downvote mouseover text:
>
> This question does not show any research effort; it is unclear or not useful
>
>
>
So I attempted to ensure that I demonstrated that I did my homework, demonstrating the alternatives to Python's new Enum while not actually attempting to answer the question in the question.
The drubbing
------------
The question was almost immediately downvoted to net -7 or -8 (I don't recall exactly). Some of the commenters were unaware that you are encouraged to "Answer your own question – [share your knowledge, Q&A-style](https://stackoverflow.blog/2011/07/01/its-ok-to-ask-and-answer-your-own-questions/)", and some were questioning my motives, saying things like:
>
> it's suspect, theres no way in hell he could type that in 60 seconds
>
>
>
and
>
> Probably because he posted this question, then proceeds to produce a fully cited and complete answer a minute later. Producing a self answer is fine, but doing it to gain rep doesn't seem to be within the spirit of the "self answer" rules.
>
>
>
One commenter seemed to think that information that might be available elsewhere
shouldn't be here commented this on the answer:
>
> I get that the answer is fine and all, but I really don't think should be a question here. There is already a lot of information on the topic of enum in the form of blogs, other SO questions, python docs, tutorials, etc. Really no need for this
>
>
>
(logically obviating the need for the site altogether.)
Another said:
>
> The question itself seems long-winded and not particularly useful to me
>
>
>
To which I responded: "A common criticism of questions is that they demonstrate no knowledge or research, or that the asker did not do his homework, or show his work. I'm attempting to demonstrate all of the above." They replied:
>
> I see your point actually, guess I was a bit harsh..
>
>
>
But I don't recall an indication of a retracted downvote.
I then got three or more close votes as "primarily opinion based" for this reason:
>
> "Many good questions generate some degree of opinion based on expert experience, but answers to this question will tend to be almost entirely based on opinions, rather than facts, references, or specific expertise."
>
>
>
I was befuddled by this close reason, because my answer had almost nothing but facts, demonstrations, and references.
Evidence from elsewhere
-----------------------
But recent comments other users on a [different meta post of mine](https://meta.stackoverflow.com/a/350537/541136) said:
>
> There is an overwhelming community consensus that these [other] questions should not be allowed. So if there exists an explicit close reason or not is quite irrelevant, such questions should be closed. Mostly people pick "too broad" for closing them and that's fine.
>
>
>
and
>
> everyone just votes to close these ["gimme teh codez"] type of question with some random reason anyway, usually "too broad", even if they are not actually to broad. so i don't understand what SO is trying to accomplish by not giving us an accurate close reason. but then again, I don't understand much of what SO is trying to accomplish in general these days...
>
>
>
Both of these comments suggest unprincipled or dishonest application of close votes.
(Yes a dupe target for my example Q&A was eventually found, and that's totally fair, but that was more than an hour after I got that reception. No one was aware of a dupe target while they were excoriating my question.)
My conclusion based on my experience
------------------------------------
I feel that question reception could be improved.
At this point, I *might* risk asking more questions, but I pretty much refuse to ask questions without researching the answer myself and posting it with my question so that users who find my question difficult to answer don't look for excuses to close it without my own answer at least supporting the question's existence (or perhaps even standing as the canonical answer).
You're not asking questions.
----------------------------
I recently interacted with several meta users, all who were unhappy with scarcity of questions with quality, all who seemed willing to bend the rules to shut down bad questions, and all whom had lots of answers (in the thousands), and very *very* few questions (in the tens or even none at all).
I'm concluding that there are many users who want more high quality questions. So why aren't they asking more questions?
Recap and potential followup questions:
---------------------------------------
I sometimes get poor and unprincipled question reception, and that's why I don't ask very much. I suppose you think you will too, which is why you don't ask very much either.
Perhaps I'm wrong, so I'm asking ***you***,
***Why aren't you asking more Questions?***
And if I'm right, how can we improve question reception for established users?
Do we need a privilege that makes downvotes cost the voter on questions? (Like for every 10k rep you get to ask 1 "privileged" question per month.)
Or do we just need to improve our culture of welcoming questions from established users?
It would be a great boon to all of us to have a new population of really smart and experienced users asking questions here, right?
If you're reading this, you're probably really smart and part of that ideal population, but are you afraid to ask? | 2017/06/14 | [
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/350726",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/541136/"
] | I don't ask questions since by the time I distill the question to a "Stack Overflow" worthy question, it's normally not answerable in the sea of sand questions on SO.
So if I post it, I either:
* Waste time writing it up
* Self answer eventually
* Get misguided people posting crap or answers to it which straight up are irrelevant
* Have such a trivial question that it annoying me that I can't easily find the info so I ask it anyway
Which means I rarely do. Realistically I normally only post them to self-answer in the hopes I save some poor soul from [an encounter with DenverCoder9](https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php/979:_Wisdom_of_the_Ancients).
When I have questions, I now ask in smaller close-knit chat based communities, which have become considerably better for addressing real, interesting, and non-trivial questions.
---
>
> Do you feel that you will lose face if you, probably an expert in some domain, ask a question that you don't know the answer to?
>
>
>
... not even close.
>
> Do you feel that question reception is capricious or unfair?
>
>
>
Sure, simple easy "fish in a barrel" questions worded well get far better reception than challenging, interesting, or difficult ones.
>
> Do you think you will face easy recrimination or revenge from users whose posts you or others have criticized, downvoted, and closed in the past?
>
>
>
I gave up caring about this a *loooonnnnng* time ago.
>
> Do you feel that it will simply take too long for you to write up a question that is considered "good"?
>
>
>
Not really. By the time I feel like even asking on SO I've done enough research to do that.
>
> Do you just always know what you need to know (because of experience or you know how to research or read documentation) without asking someone else, so you don't see the point in asking?
>
>
>
It's surprisingly easier to read the source code in many cases than it is to read documentation. And learning to find information is a necessity if you want to not suck at programming, which I have been getting better and better with as I get older. | I have three main reasons, and I don't see any of them on your list. Maybe #3 is.
In order of frequency:
### 1. The question I have is already answered.
Maybe it took a while to find, but I was able to find an existing answer on the site. Sometimes I get it directly from Google Search, and sometimes I have to jump through the related links several times, but the information is there. No point in asking again.
### 2. The question I have can't really be answered by people on the site.
I work at a large company and we have a lot of internal tools or additional constraints that make the common solutions to certain problems unfeasible. For example, we use a language that's similar to SQL, but has some variations, but I don't believe the language is publicly available. So if I have a problem and the common SQL solution won't work, I'm better off asking people inside the company than on Stack Overflow.
### 3. I get tired arguing about the question.
There are a few occasions where I've been able to find a generally answerable question and what I believe is a minimal example to illustrate it, but of course in the real world I have all kinds of business constraints. When relevant, I summarize the important ones just so I don't invite answers I can't use, but this often provokes "oh, you have an X/Y" problem or "justify why you're doing this".
I'll attempt to clarify the first few times, but after a while I'm spending more time justifying business decisions not under my control or that don't really relate to the question, and I end up without a solution to my problem, which deters asking again in the future. |
350,726 | Many of us seem quite unhappy with the scarcity of quality questions on the site.
If you're reading this, you're probably more than qualified to ask good questions.
If you are also unhappy with question scarcity, then...
***Why aren't you asking more questions?***
Possible reasons
----------------
I'll speculate as to possible reasons (enumerated for ease of referencing):
1. Do you feel that you will lose face if you, probably an expert in some domain, ask a question that you don't know the answer to?
2. Do you feel that question reception is capricious or unfair?
3. Do you think you will face easy recrimination or revenge from users whose posts you or others have criticized, downvoted, and closed in the past?
4. Do you feel that it will simply take too long for you to write up a question that is considered "good"?
5. Do you just always know what you need to know (because of experience or you know how to research or read documentation) without asking someone else, so you don't see the point in asking?
(I expect to keep this open-ended, if more canonical reasons appear, I'll add them here.)
My experience
-------------
Let me tell you why I don't ask very many questions. I feel question reception is frequently unprincipled and capricous. In fact I warn others when I talk about how to engage on this site to just avoid asking questions altogether, unless they're willing to risk the following sort of treatment.
I did a self Q&A here: [Python, what's the Enum type good for?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37601644/python-whats-the-enum-type-good-for)
I was unable to find a dupe target, so I put some effort into writing up the question as well, keeping in mind the downvote mouseover text:
>
> This question does not show any research effort; it is unclear or not useful
>
>
>
So I attempted to ensure that I demonstrated that I did my homework, demonstrating the alternatives to Python's new Enum while not actually attempting to answer the question in the question.
The drubbing
------------
The question was almost immediately downvoted to net -7 or -8 (I don't recall exactly). Some of the commenters were unaware that you are encouraged to "Answer your own question – [share your knowledge, Q&A-style](https://stackoverflow.blog/2011/07/01/its-ok-to-ask-and-answer-your-own-questions/)", and some were questioning my motives, saying things like:
>
> it's suspect, theres no way in hell he could type that in 60 seconds
>
>
>
and
>
> Probably because he posted this question, then proceeds to produce a fully cited and complete answer a minute later. Producing a self answer is fine, but doing it to gain rep doesn't seem to be within the spirit of the "self answer" rules.
>
>
>
One commenter seemed to think that information that might be available elsewhere
shouldn't be here commented this on the answer:
>
> I get that the answer is fine and all, but I really don't think should be a question here. There is already a lot of information on the topic of enum in the form of blogs, other SO questions, python docs, tutorials, etc. Really no need for this
>
>
>
(logically obviating the need for the site altogether.)
Another said:
>
> The question itself seems long-winded and not particularly useful to me
>
>
>
To which I responded: "A common criticism of questions is that they demonstrate no knowledge or research, or that the asker did not do his homework, or show his work. I'm attempting to demonstrate all of the above." They replied:
>
> I see your point actually, guess I was a bit harsh..
>
>
>
But I don't recall an indication of a retracted downvote.
I then got three or more close votes as "primarily opinion based" for this reason:
>
> "Many good questions generate some degree of opinion based on expert experience, but answers to this question will tend to be almost entirely based on opinions, rather than facts, references, or specific expertise."
>
>
>
I was befuddled by this close reason, because my answer had almost nothing but facts, demonstrations, and references.
Evidence from elsewhere
-----------------------
But recent comments other users on a [different meta post of mine](https://meta.stackoverflow.com/a/350537/541136) said:
>
> There is an overwhelming community consensus that these [other] questions should not be allowed. So if there exists an explicit close reason or not is quite irrelevant, such questions should be closed. Mostly people pick "too broad" for closing them and that's fine.
>
>
>
and
>
> everyone just votes to close these ["gimme teh codez"] type of question with some random reason anyway, usually "too broad", even if they are not actually to broad. so i don't understand what SO is trying to accomplish by not giving us an accurate close reason. but then again, I don't understand much of what SO is trying to accomplish in general these days...
>
>
>
Both of these comments suggest unprincipled or dishonest application of close votes.
(Yes a dupe target for my example Q&A was eventually found, and that's totally fair, but that was more than an hour after I got that reception. No one was aware of a dupe target while they were excoriating my question.)
My conclusion based on my experience
------------------------------------
I feel that question reception could be improved.
At this point, I *might* risk asking more questions, but I pretty much refuse to ask questions without researching the answer myself and posting it with my question so that users who find my question difficult to answer don't look for excuses to close it without my own answer at least supporting the question's existence (or perhaps even standing as the canonical answer).
You're not asking questions.
----------------------------
I recently interacted with several meta users, all who were unhappy with scarcity of questions with quality, all who seemed willing to bend the rules to shut down bad questions, and all whom had lots of answers (in the thousands), and very *very* few questions (in the tens or even none at all).
I'm concluding that there are many users who want more high quality questions. So why aren't they asking more questions?
Recap and potential followup questions:
---------------------------------------
I sometimes get poor and unprincipled question reception, and that's why I don't ask very much. I suppose you think you will too, which is why you don't ask very much either.
Perhaps I'm wrong, so I'm asking ***you***,
***Why aren't you asking more Questions?***
And if I'm right, how can we improve question reception for established users?
Do we need a privilege that makes downvotes cost the voter on questions? (Like for every 10k rep you get to ask 1 "privileged" question per month.)
Or do we just need to improve our culture of welcoming questions from established users?
It would be a great boon to all of us to have a new population of really smart and experienced users asking questions here, right?
If you're reading this, you're probably really smart and part of that ideal population, but are you afraid to ask? | 2017/06/14 | [
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/350726",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/541136/"
] | The kinds of questions I *need* to ask aren't the kinds of questions people *want* to answer.
=============================================================================================
That doesn't mean my questions are off-topic, either.
-----------------------------------------------------
I've [only had one poorly received question](https://stackoverflow.com/users/1079354/makoto?tab=questions) (which I'll get to in a moment), but by and large I've noticed a trend: the kinds of questions that I actually do need help with aren't the kinds of questions the general populace is equipped (or patient enough) to answer. More often than not I've had to cajole the system or wait until a guru arrived to help me solve my problem.
I'll quantify this with also admitting to falling into this trap; I tend to stick to what I know or what I understand best, and it's likely the case that I need to branch out into deeper things with Guice and Spring and JPA and the like so that I too can help others with those issues. But I've gotta use 'em more often.
---
I'll try to keep your main themes in mind while I describe my experiences with asking questions.
* Do you feel that you will lose face if you, probably an expert in some domain, ask a question that you don't know the answer to?
* Do you feel that question reception is capricious or unfair?
* Do you think you will face easy recrimination or revenge from users whose posts you or others have criticized, downvoted, and closed in the past?
* Do you feel that it will simply take too long for you to write up a question that is considered "good"?
* Do you just always know what you need to know (because of experience or you know how to research or read documentation) without asking someone else, so you don't see the point in asking?
[Let's start with my most recent question.](https://stackoverflow.com/q/42635091/1079354) I had ***genuinely*** reached the end of my rope here, and I had nowhere else to turn to. I had no insight into what could be causing my issue, since every guide I had read suggested that this "just works". I had no way of diagnosing this since this particular Git issue isn't one that one would normally expect "verbose" output for.
And yet, I asked. It took me a while to actually string together the words I needed, but I asked. I had to wordsmith it just right to make it crystal clear what it was I was looking for. I had to be sure that there could be **no ambiguity** in what my problem was. Then, I posted my question.
...and you know what I was rewarded with for my efforts? A sardonic remark: "works on my box."
Wow, wonderful! That was really insightful. That answer couldn't have been more enlightening, and....yeah, you get the picture. If I were a first-time Stack Overflow user, I'd just leave and never bother coming back. Why would I bother any further if I am faced with a genuine problem, yet get such backlash? I don't need this in my life.
Fortunately, having been around this community for so long, and having seen both sides of this play out, I stuck it out. One part because I didn't think that one snide remark warranted "cutting my nose to spite my face" as it were. One part because I knew that a true Git guru walked amongst this site. Sure enough, not only did they answer, they genuinely *solved* my problem, and I walked away with a deeper understanding.
My big takeaways here:
* I didn't really care if I lost face. A man needs to know when to admit they're stumped, and I've never lost respect for a person whose admitted to *not* knowing something.
* The reception to this question initially felt openly hostile. The thing is, I've [written *copious* amounts of Meta posts](https://meta.stackoverflow.com/search?q=user%3A1079354+improve+question) on helping others improve their questions, or ways for them to improve their questions, but...there are times when I genuinely think that shouting at a wall is more constructive.
* I'm not bothered with revenge. They can take all the downvote pot-shots they like. Script'll catch them.
* The ramp-up time for asking questions is definitely high, but I find that as my tolerance for the pain caused by the issue approaches zero, the surplus of time I have to write a good question approaches infinity. That said, I think I was also fortunate; I do have a way with words and have largely dodged any negative impressions from my questions.
* I've never heard of this "savant" you speak of. I doubt anyone has *ever* just "known everything" here. I'm certainly not this person. I admit though, if I don't know something I'll look it up. On occasion I'll share it with the world if I deem it appropriate. Otherwise, I'll ask when I need to.
---
Right. Let me get to [a less-well-received question](https://stackoverflow.com/q/33533816/1079354). This is actually one I'm hard stuck on, because:
* I don't work for the company that does this project anymore,
* That project is ~~thankfully~~ scrapped, and
* I don't work in this technology stack anymore.
But it's stuck at a negative value, and I don't have that many questions, y'know; it'd be pretty damn embarrassing if I were to get a question ban over *that* one. Heck, that question's even been deleted by the system at one point. I just don't have ***any*** good way to fix it.
My big problem with this was, I needed to appeal to two different groups of developers: those working in the React space, and those working in the Rails space. Getting one-sided answers from either of them would be bad, and it wasn't like I could actually provide code; it was very much the case that I had a working solution but simply wanted to know if Rails could be done the way that I was asking it to be. Effectively, I was trying to recreate a SPA in Rails, which sounds silly to me now, and likely sounds silly to anyone else.
However, I don't think I did a poor job with my question. I admit watching it like a hawk, and after receiving a React-centric response (shoot), I noted that it wouldn't work well for me and received a downvote *not that long afterwards*. I doubt it was a coincidence.
---
I'll end by answering your follow-up questions as well.
>
> ...[H]ow can we improve question reception for established users?
>
>
>
I don't know. I don't think there's a good answer to this. I don't think there's a real solution to this. It's tough to say what question will be received well or what question won't be. It's like rolling a 20-sided die and expecting to land on a 20 every time.
>
> Do we need a privilege that makes downvotes cost the voter on questions? (Like for every 10k rep you get to ask 1 "privileged" question per month.)
>
>
>
That wouldn't really solve a problem. It'd put a tax on users for downvoting high-rep users. Let me tell you, I've seen some absolute *stinkers* come from 20K+ users. I don't see a reason for the system to punish me for ***doing what the system told me to do***.
>
> Or do we just need to improve our culture of welcoming questions from established users?
>
>
>
Let's do this. See you in about five years? /pessimism
In all frankness I'm trying to do this effort. My biggest concern is that this is all theatre.
>
> It would be a great boon to all of us to have a new population of really smart and experienced users asking questions here, right?
>
>
>
Eh. It's the bikeshed principle; if we're talking about the nuclear reactor again, we'll just hear the crickets.
>
> If you're reading this, you're probably really smart and part of that ideal population, but are you afraid to ask?
>
>
>
Not afraid, no. Just...irritated. Disillusioned.
It's easier to answer a question than it is to ask one. It's easier to criticize or give feedback in *either* direction than to receive it. It's easier to solve a problem than to *admit* that one has a problem. Worse, it's no fun knowing that there are actual groups of people that intentionally go around, deleting questions which they think are poor, *and think they're doing a good service by doing so*, when those questions don't really need to be deleted at all. And if you *really* want to know more about that, then don't hesitate to use your moderator powers to reach out. | It's pretty simple, really. The expectation among MSO regulars is usually that [the asker will have *exhausted* their own resources before asking](https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/261592/how-much-research-effort-is-expected-of-stack-overflow-users/261593#261593). Since a typical skilled answerer has a lot more resources, their question may well not be worth putting that much effort into it, and by the time they have run out of things to try, going back through all their research and reorganizing it to be concise and understandable can be a major hassle. And the question itself will of course likely be complex and difficult to handle, so answers are less likely to come in quickly, or in some cases at all.
So it's mostly a problem of *double standards*. Lazy askers, of which there are millions, can ask simple low-effort questions fairly freely, and despite our distaste for them, they cannot be reliably blocked and often get answered, even quite quickly. Worse yet, these are arguably *useful* to other askers too lazy to even ask — in other words, web searchers, the site's notional audience. But anyone with a high rep, especially from answering, is going to need to work much harder to get the same reception. At that point, why even ask the question unless it's absolutely mission-critical?
When the cost of questions is much higher and the value distribution stays pretty similar, the simplest economic theory will tell you what happens.
The answer to [Should we be afraid to ask questions?](https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/255517/should-we-be-afraid-to-ask-questions) was overwhelmingly **YES**. This hasn't changed. |
350,726 | Many of us seem quite unhappy with the scarcity of quality questions on the site.
If you're reading this, you're probably more than qualified to ask good questions.
If you are also unhappy with question scarcity, then...
***Why aren't you asking more questions?***
Possible reasons
----------------
I'll speculate as to possible reasons (enumerated for ease of referencing):
1. Do you feel that you will lose face if you, probably an expert in some domain, ask a question that you don't know the answer to?
2. Do you feel that question reception is capricious or unfair?
3. Do you think you will face easy recrimination or revenge from users whose posts you or others have criticized, downvoted, and closed in the past?
4. Do you feel that it will simply take too long for you to write up a question that is considered "good"?
5. Do you just always know what you need to know (because of experience or you know how to research or read documentation) without asking someone else, so you don't see the point in asking?
(I expect to keep this open-ended, if more canonical reasons appear, I'll add them here.)
My experience
-------------
Let me tell you why I don't ask very many questions. I feel question reception is frequently unprincipled and capricous. In fact I warn others when I talk about how to engage on this site to just avoid asking questions altogether, unless they're willing to risk the following sort of treatment.
I did a self Q&A here: [Python, what's the Enum type good for?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37601644/python-whats-the-enum-type-good-for)
I was unable to find a dupe target, so I put some effort into writing up the question as well, keeping in mind the downvote mouseover text:
>
> This question does not show any research effort; it is unclear or not useful
>
>
>
So I attempted to ensure that I demonstrated that I did my homework, demonstrating the alternatives to Python's new Enum while not actually attempting to answer the question in the question.
The drubbing
------------
The question was almost immediately downvoted to net -7 or -8 (I don't recall exactly). Some of the commenters were unaware that you are encouraged to "Answer your own question – [share your knowledge, Q&A-style](https://stackoverflow.blog/2011/07/01/its-ok-to-ask-and-answer-your-own-questions/)", and some were questioning my motives, saying things like:
>
> it's suspect, theres no way in hell he could type that in 60 seconds
>
>
>
and
>
> Probably because he posted this question, then proceeds to produce a fully cited and complete answer a minute later. Producing a self answer is fine, but doing it to gain rep doesn't seem to be within the spirit of the "self answer" rules.
>
>
>
One commenter seemed to think that information that might be available elsewhere
shouldn't be here commented this on the answer:
>
> I get that the answer is fine and all, but I really don't think should be a question here. There is already a lot of information on the topic of enum in the form of blogs, other SO questions, python docs, tutorials, etc. Really no need for this
>
>
>
(logically obviating the need for the site altogether.)
Another said:
>
> The question itself seems long-winded and not particularly useful to me
>
>
>
To which I responded: "A common criticism of questions is that they demonstrate no knowledge or research, or that the asker did not do his homework, or show his work. I'm attempting to demonstrate all of the above." They replied:
>
> I see your point actually, guess I was a bit harsh..
>
>
>
But I don't recall an indication of a retracted downvote.
I then got three or more close votes as "primarily opinion based" for this reason:
>
> "Many good questions generate some degree of opinion based on expert experience, but answers to this question will tend to be almost entirely based on opinions, rather than facts, references, or specific expertise."
>
>
>
I was befuddled by this close reason, because my answer had almost nothing but facts, demonstrations, and references.
Evidence from elsewhere
-----------------------
But recent comments other users on a [different meta post of mine](https://meta.stackoverflow.com/a/350537/541136) said:
>
> There is an overwhelming community consensus that these [other] questions should not be allowed. So if there exists an explicit close reason or not is quite irrelevant, such questions should be closed. Mostly people pick "too broad" for closing them and that's fine.
>
>
>
and
>
> everyone just votes to close these ["gimme teh codez"] type of question with some random reason anyway, usually "too broad", even if they are not actually to broad. so i don't understand what SO is trying to accomplish by not giving us an accurate close reason. but then again, I don't understand much of what SO is trying to accomplish in general these days...
>
>
>
Both of these comments suggest unprincipled or dishonest application of close votes.
(Yes a dupe target for my example Q&A was eventually found, and that's totally fair, but that was more than an hour after I got that reception. No one was aware of a dupe target while they were excoriating my question.)
My conclusion based on my experience
------------------------------------
I feel that question reception could be improved.
At this point, I *might* risk asking more questions, but I pretty much refuse to ask questions without researching the answer myself and posting it with my question so that users who find my question difficult to answer don't look for excuses to close it without my own answer at least supporting the question's existence (or perhaps even standing as the canonical answer).
You're not asking questions.
----------------------------
I recently interacted with several meta users, all who were unhappy with scarcity of questions with quality, all who seemed willing to bend the rules to shut down bad questions, and all whom had lots of answers (in the thousands), and very *very* few questions (in the tens or even none at all).
I'm concluding that there are many users who want more high quality questions. So why aren't they asking more questions?
Recap and potential followup questions:
---------------------------------------
I sometimes get poor and unprincipled question reception, and that's why I don't ask very much. I suppose you think you will too, which is why you don't ask very much either.
Perhaps I'm wrong, so I'm asking ***you***,
***Why aren't you asking more Questions?***
And if I'm right, how can we improve question reception for established users?
Do we need a privilege that makes downvotes cost the voter on questions? (Like for every 10k rep you get to ask 1 "privileged" question per month.)
Or do we just need to improve our culture of welcoming questions from established users?
It would be a great boon to all of us to have a new population of really smart and experienced users asking questions here, right?
If you're reading this, you're probably really smart and part of that ideal population, but are you afraid to ask? | 2017/06/14 | [
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/350726",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/541136/"
] | I don't ask questions since by the time I distill the question to a "Stack Overflow" worthy question, it's normally not answerable in the sea of sand questions on SO.
So if I post it, I either:
* Waste time writing it up
* Self answer eventually
* Get misguided people posting crap or answers to it which straight up are irrelevant
* Have such a trivial question that it annoying me that I can't easily find the info so I ask it anyway
Which means I rarely do. Realistically I normally only post them to self-answer in the hopes I save some poor soul from [an encounter with DenverCoder9](https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php/979:_Wisdom_of_the_Ancients).
When I have questions, I now ask in smaller close-knit chat based communities, which have become considerably better for addressing real, interesting, and non-trivial questions.
---
>
> Do you feel that you will lose face if you, probably an expert in some domain, ask a question that you don't know the answer to?
>
>
>
... not even close.
>
> Do you feel that question reception is capricious or unfair?
>
>
>
Sure, simple easy "fish in a barrel" questions worded well get far better reception than challenging, interesting, or difficult ones.
>
> Do you think you will face easy recrimination or revenge from users whose posts you or others have criticized, downvoted, and closed in the past?
>
>
>
I gave up caring about this a *loooonnnnng* time ago.
>
> Do you feel that it will simply take too long for you to write up a question that is considered "good"?
>
>
>
Not really. By the time I feel like even asking on SO I've done enough research to do that.
>
> Do you just always know what you need to know (because of experience or you know how to research or read documentation) without asking someone else, so you don't see the point in asking?
>
>
>
It's surprisingly easier to read the source code in many cases than it is to read documentation. And learning to find information is a necessity if you want to not suck at programming, which I have been getting better and better with as I get older. | I recently set up a slightly old implementation. It was a SimpleMembership Authorization and Authentication provider using a MSSQL Database with the ASP.Net schema.
Since this is nothing fancy, and nothing new, there was a lot of coverage. The whole process went without a hitch, and the small issues where I had a question about something were already asked and answered at Stack Overflow.
This is generally how all of my quandaries go.
* Me: Hm, that's odd.
* *google oddity*
* *read Stack Overflow answer*
* move on.
**This is why I started contributing to Stack Overflow.** So that I could give back. As a resource it is invaluable because of the amount of time it saves me figuring out nuance.
Now that the site has grown significantly, the amount of coverage it has is immense, amazing, unbelievabru. Everyone who develops software loves the content here, even if some disagree with its strictness.
This is not to say I haven't asked questions.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vcmAB.png)
However, recently, more and more, the questions I would have are already answered, and the answers are high quality. |
108 | Apart from the song [*The Promised Land*](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Promised_Land_%28Bruce_Springsteen_song%29), there are quite a few other songs by Bruce Springsteen whose lyrics make reference to a "promised land".
Some examples:
>
> * "For all the blown-off strangers and hot rod angels, stumbling through this promised land" (*Racing In The Street (1978 demo version)* )
> * "We'll ride out tonight to case the promised land" (*Thunder Road*)
> * "A one way ticket to the promised land" (*The Ghost Of Tom Joad*)
>
>
>
Does this phrase have any significance or specific meaning to Bruce?
Has Bruce ever been asked in an interview about his many mentions of the promised land? | 2015/02/25 | [
"https://musicfans.stackexchange.com/questions/108",
"https://musicfans.stackexchange.com",
"https://musicfans.stackexchange.com/users/80/"
] | The Promised Land is a theme that Springsteen employs, because it's a place he always wanted to be. In his lean younger years, before the fame, it was a place he hoped to get to. It was a place he hoped his fans got to. It was a common cause that bound his fans to himself. The Promised Land is, after all, "the runaway American dream". ;o)
There is also the [biblical reference](https://books.google.com/books?id=nsQhpuA-400C&pg=PA147&lpg=PA147&dq=springsteen%20promised%20land%20reference&source=bl&ots=7JXRrw7A_u&sig=ZsRCDfQuNh10A9KVubyoRO6-148&hl=en&sa=X&ei=hbYvVZSIBs3lsASyy4HoAg&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=springsteen%20promised%20land%20reference&f=false), and apparently Springsteen slipped a few of those in when people weren't looking. | **"The Promised Land"** is a profound concept that has been a part of the world's music for *several thousand years*. It is most certainly not uniquely associated with Bruce Springsteen, Chuck Berry, or any other musician.
Undoubtedly, the concept and the image of The Promised Land resonate with Springsteen because of his Roman Catholic faith. The concept of "The Promised Land" comes up again and again in the theology and teaching not only of the Catholic Church but also in all forms of Judaism and Christianity, throughout history.
"The Promised Land" is a literary and artistic symbol for any ethnic group achieving freedom from oppression, especially slavery, and of achieving peace after struggle and suffering.
"The Promised Land" can also refer to the Christian concept of Heaven (or of a person experiencing death and going to Heaven), as a land of rest after the suffering and struggle of life on Earth.
The origin of the term "The Promised Land" comes from the Hebrew Bible (the Old Testament) and is thousands of years old. "The Promised Land" refers, geographically, to the land of [Canaan](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canaan), a region corresponding to modern-day Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, western Jordan, and southwestern Syria.
**Within American music in the last two hundred years,** references to "The Promised Land", "Canaan's Land", and "crossing over the River Jordan" can be found frequently in African-American spirituals, black gospel, and in reggae music. But it has always been found, world-wide, throughout the entire history of any kind of Christian or Jewish sacred music or any music inspired by those traditions, in every language.
African-Americans who were slaves in the USA in the 18th and 19th centuries, and who became Christians, saw the Bible stories about the Hebrew slaves gaining their freedom and inheriting and possessing the Promised Land of Canaan to be a metaphor for their own struggle to achieve emancipation from slavery and live as free citizens in the USA. That is why there are so many references to The Promised Land throughout African-American spirituals. African-American spirituals are the direct ancestors of the blues, jazz, gospel, and rock and roll music. And Bruce Springsteen's music, too.
The Promised Land is a frequently-referenced concept of the USA's African-American Civil Rights movement. The [Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.](http://youtu.be/4WZbxYGy3As?t=1m50s) makes frequent references to The Promised Land in his sermons and speeches. Watch this short clip from Dr. King's final speech:
<http://youtu.be/4WZbxYGy3As?t=1m50s>
You can find references to "The Promised Land" in reggae music, including that of Bob Marley. For the Jamaicans and adherents of the Rastafarian religion, The Promised Land refers to their own struggle for equality and freedom for their ethnic group, but also had specific references to nations in Africa gaining independence from European colonial influences in the 20th-century.
**The literal meaning and original concept of The Promised Land**, as the land of Canaan, originates in the Jewish Bible, the Old Testament, in the Book of Genesis. The concept is referenced time and time again in the subsequent books of the Bible, throughout the Jewish and Christian Bibles (the Old and New Testaments).
[Wikipedia article on The Promised Land](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promised_Land)
In the Book of Genesis, God establishes an eternal contract with the family of a man named Abraham; he is the progenitor of the Hebrews, later knows as the Israelites and later as the Jews. God tells the Hebrew people that they are the Chosen People of God. He promises them that they will inherit the Promised Land (Canaan) and be able to live there as a nation. Once the entire race of the Hebrews have been freed from slavery in Egypt, the prophet Moses leads the Hebrews to the edge of the Promised Land, and the military leader Joshua takes the Hebrews across the River Jordan and into the Promised Land and conquers its peoples. This leads eventually to the establishment of the city of Jerusalem, and the kingdoms of Israel and Judah.
**Throughout the subsequent history of the world,** many writers, poets, artists and musicians have made frequent references to "The Promised Land". Not only was this a literal reference to the Bible stories; it also became a literary and artistic symbol for any contemporary ethnic group achieving freedom from oppression, and peace after struggle and suffering.
No, "The Promised Land" has nothing to do with Bruce Springsteen, per se. It has to do with Bruce Springsteen's Christian faith, and with thousands of years of world culture. |
124,257 | Given the historic drop in the front month WTI price today, I was wondering what the ramifications are for those professional traders who are left holding a long position. Note this problem won't normally apply to retail traders, since their brokerage would normally close out their long position in advance of them being required to take delivery. I'm only interested in the situation as far as banks and institutions are concerned. The reason I'm interested in this from a personal finance perspective is because of the implications for the stock prices/credit risk of banks and trading firms. | 2020/04/20 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/124257",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/21865/"
] | Anyone left holding a long position at the end of trading tomorrow (the expiry date of the May 2020 contract) will be contractually obligated to take delivery of the oil and store it somewhere.
There's no distinction between retail and institutional trades here - anyone who doesn't want to take delivery is going to have to sell their long position. With no storage available, that means that they're paying someone to take this contract off of their hands. Both are taking a bath if they got out today (and very likely tomorrow). | The last available oil storage is probably DOT-111 Tank Cars as on the railroad tracks. A railroad company is paid to store the oil.
Or the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve might begin selling oil storage. |
8,491 | These are some passages from [Man-Eating Cats by Haruki Murakami](http://www.geocities.jp/yoshio_osakabe/Haruki/Books/Man-Eating-E.html).
>
> **He'd been** dead set against out marriage from the start, and his tone
> of voice said **he'd** finally been proved right.
>
>
> **He had taken** a pair of scissors to every stitch of clothing she owned.
>
>
> **She had no idea** where he had gone.
>
>
> **She and her husband had been** high school sweet-hears.
>
>
>
It seems like the author decided to use contractions in some of the sentences and not to use them in others. I tried figuring out the pattern without much luck.
So this happens to me often. I can't figure out when to use contractions and when to use complete words.
Is there any rule for this? Or I just have to figure out what "sounds better"? | 2013/07/24 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/8491",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/1544/"
] | Contractions are often considered inappropriate in formal writing. The more formal, the less acceptable.
They are always acceptable in dialog if that is how the character would talk in real life.
Probably debatable in narration in a novel.
Where acceptable, whether to use a contraction depends on the rhythm of the sentence. Sometimes a contraction makes a sentence or part of a sentence seem too abrupt. For example, consider "Where is he?" You could use a contraction and replace this with "Where's he?" But this sounds very abrupt. I often hear people say, "Where's he at?" which grates on my nerves for some reason. You shortened the sentence from "Where is he?" to "Where's he?", but then you apparently decided this was too short, so you stuck a useless extra word, "at" on the end to pad it back out! :-P | Contractions are generally viewed as being informal. That is, they're used by people in everyday speech, but rarely in more formal writing. I'd therefore say a good rule of thumb is to avoid them except in those circumstances where it is within character to have them e.g. it fits the speech pattern of the characters, or the narrator. |
8,491 | These are some passages from [Man-Eating Cats by Haruki Murakami](http://www.geocities.jp/yoshio_osakabe/Haruki/Books/Man-Eating-E.html).
>
> **He'd been** dead set against out marriage from the start, and his tone
> of voice said **he'd** finally been proved right.
>
>
> **He had taken** a pair of scissors to every stitch of clothing she owned.
>
>
> **She had no idea** where he had gone.
>
>
> **She and her husband had been** high school sweet-hears.
>
>
>
It seems like the author decided to use contractions in some of the sentences and not to use them in others. I tried figuring out the pattern without much luck.
So this happens to me often. I can't figure out when to use contractions and when to use complete words.
Is there any rule for this? Or I just have to figure out what "sounds better"? | 2013/07/24 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/8491",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/1544/"
] | Contractions are generally viewed as being informal. That is, they're used by people in everyday speech, but rarely in more formal writing. I'd therefore say a good rule of thumb is to avoid them except in those circumstances where it is within character to have them e.g. it fits the speech pattern of the characters, or the narrator. | If you are writing something informal, it's appropriate to use contractions.
However, at the time of formal communication such as composing an email to colleagues,boss communicating with clients, it's advisable to avoid using contractions and use the complete words so as to make things easy to understand. |
8,491 | These are some passages from [Man-Eating Cats by Haruki Murakami](http://www.geocities.jp/yoshio_osakabe/Haruki/Books/Man-Eating-E.html).
>
> **He'd been** dead set against out marriage from the start, and his tone
> of voice said **he'd** finally been proved right.
>
>
> **He had taken** a pair of scissors to every stitch of clothing she owned.
>
>
> **She had no idea** where he had gone.
>
>
> **She and her husband had been** high school sweet-hears.
>
>
>
It seems like the author decided to use contractions in some of the sentences and not to use them in others. I tried figuring out the pattern without much luck.
So this happens to me often. I can't figure out when to use contractions and when to use complete words.
Is there any rule for this? Or I just have to figure out what "sounds better"? | 2013/07/24 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/8491",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/1544/"
] | Contractions are often considered inappropriate in formal writing. The more formal, the less acceptable.
They are always acceptable in dialog if that is how the character would talk in real life.
Probably debatable in narration in a novel.
Where acceptable, whether to use a contraction depends on the rhythm of the sentence. Sometimes a contraction makes a sentence or part of a sentence seem too abrupt. For example, consider "Where is he?" You could use a contraction and replace this with "Where's he?" But this sounds very abrupt. I often hear people say, "Where's he at?" which grates on my nerves for some reason. You shortened the sentence from "Where is he?" to "Where's he?", but then you apparently decided this was too short, so you stuck a useless extra word, "at" on the end to pad it back out! :-P | If you are writing something informal, it's appropriate to use contractions.
However, at the time of formal communication such as composing an email to colleagues,boss communicating with clients, it's advisable to avoid using contractions and use the complete words so as to make things easy to understand. |
8,488,403 | How many positive two-digits integers are factors of (2^24 - 1)?
Can anyone tell me the formula or some shortcuts to find positive integers? | 2011/12/13 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/8488403",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/647587/"
] | There is no easy way to find factors of a number except calculating them. You have to iterate over the two-digits integers and make mod calculation. | There appear to be 12 *divisors* in all: 13, 15, 17, 21, 35, 39, 45, 51, 63, 65, 85 and 91.
See: <http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=factorize+2%5E24+-+1> |
8,488,403 | How many positive two-digits integers are factors of (2^24 - 1)?
Can anyone tell me the formula or some shortcuts to find positive integers? | 2011/12/13 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/8488403",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/647587/"
] | There is no easy way to find factors of a number except calculating them. You have to iterate over the two-digits integers and make mod calculation. | There actually is a trick that I know! First you need to prime factorize the number, lets say that my number is 56. My remaining prime numbers would be 7, 2, 2, 2. Since I have three 2s, I would write 2^3. Since there is only one 7, I will write 7^1. Then, add one to each of the powers: 1+1 3+1, and then multiply them. 1+1=2 3+1=4
4\*2=8
So your for this example, the answer is 8!! Have fun!
* from a fifth grader |
8,488,403 | How many positive two-digits integers are factors of (2^24 - 1)?
Can anyone tell me the formula or some shortcuts to find positive integers? | 2011/12/13 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/8488403",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/647587/"
] | There appear to be 12 *divisors* in all: 13, 15, 17, 21, 35, 39, 45, 51, 63, 65, 85 and 91.
See: <http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=factorize+2%5E24+-+1> | There actually is a trick that I know! First you need to prime factorize the number, lets say that my number is 56. My remaining prime numbers would be 7, 2, 2, 2. Since I have three 2s, I would write 2^3. Since there is only one 7, I will write 7^1. Then, add one to each of the powers: 1+1 3+1, and then multiply them. 1+1=2 3+1=4
4\*2=8
So your for this example, the answer is 8!! Have fun!
* from a fifth grader |
51,947,023 | I am learning MEAN Stack. I started from learning Angular(from angular.io) now I am learning node.js and express.js
My question is, if there is **angular** for front end in MEAN Stack then why there are **views and template engines** in express.js at back-end? Are they alternative for each other or complements each other? what is the boundary for the role and responsibility of these two?
I am looking forward for someone's help in clarifying of my concept for role these two technologies(express' views and angular) used in mean stack. | 2018/08/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/51947023",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/6405655/"
] | Angular is a full-fledged front-end framework that comes with its own way of doing templating, using angular-specific markup in your HTML. If you use Angular as your framework, you're more or less stuck with their way of templating within the Angular portion of your application.
**Angular Features**
* It is a framework written in Javascript language
* Manages state of models
* Integrates with other UI tools
* Manipulates DOM
* Allows writing custom HTML codes
* It is meant for javascript developers to create dynamic web pages in a quick time
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/WiCjf.jpg)
**NodeJS**
* It serves the web
* It is runtime built on javascript engine in google chrome
* It can be considered as a lightweight server which can serve client requests in a more
* simpler way than java does
* It performs communication operation with databases, web-sockets,
middleware etc.
**Why we use angular for Tempting not Express/Node tempting Engine**
Server-side rendering is the most common method for displaying information onto the screen. It works by converting HTML files in the server into usable information for the browser.
Whenever you visit a website, your browser makes a request to the server that contains the contents of the website. The request usually only takes a few milliseconds, but that ultimately depends on a multitude of factors:
* Your internet speed
* how many users are trying to access the site and
* how optimized the website is, to name a few
Once the request is done processing, your browser gets back the fully rendered HTML and displays it on the screen. If you then decide to visit a different page on the website, your browser will once again make another request for the new information. This will occur each and every time you visit a page that your browser does not have a cached version of.
It doesn’t matter if the new page only has a few items that are different than the current page, the browser will ask for the entire new page and will re-render everything from the ground up.
**How client-side rendering works**
When developers talk about client-side rendering, they’re talking about rendering content in the browser using JavaScript. So instead of getting all of the content from the HTML document itself, you are getting a bare-bones HTML document with a JavaScript file that will render the rest of the site using the browser.
This is a relatively new approach to rendering websites, and it didn't really become popular until JavaScript libraries started incorporating it into their style of development.
See Examples Here[Pratical Example](https://medium.freecodecamp.org/what-exactly-is-client-side-rendering-and-hows-it-different-from-server-side-rendering-bd5c786b340d) | Express JS is a web framework on top of nodejs http module. Whereas Angular JS is a front end framework which doesnot depend on NodeJs server to run. Conceptually both are similar in few features like routing whereas implementation is different |
51,947,023 | I am learning MEAN Stack. I started from learning Angular(from angular.io) now I am learning node.js and express.js
My question is, if there is **angular** for front end in MEAN Stack then why there are **views and template engines** in express.js at back-end? Are they alternative for each other or complements each other? what is the boundary for the role and responsibility of these two?
I am looking forward for someone's help in clarifying of my concept for role these two technologies(express' views and angular) used in mean stack. | 2018/08/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/51947023",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/6405655/"
] | Basically template engines in Express are mostly used for displaying 404 and other server error messages. I find them ideal for such use cases. Using template engines for complex front end rendering is bad and not a good practice. | Express JS is a web framework on top of nodejs http module. Whereas Angular JS is a front end framework which doesnot depend on NodeJs server to run. Conceptually both are similar in few features like routing whereas implementation is different |
51,947,023 | I am learning MEAN Stack. I started from learning Angular(from angular.io) now I am learning node.js and express.js
My question is, if there is **angular** for front end in MEAN Stack then why there are **views and template engines** in express.js at back-end? Are they alternative for each other or complements each other? what is the boundary for the role and responsibility of these two?
I am looking forward for someone's help in clarifying of my concept for role these two technologies(express' views and angular) used in mean stack. | 2018/08/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/51947023",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/6405655/"
] | In order to answer your question, let me explain what is angular and what are template engines in express?
### What is Angular?
Angular is a platform that makes it easy to build applications with the web. Angular combines declarative templates, dependency injection, end to end tooling, and integrated best practices to solve development challenges. Angular empowers developers to build applications that live on the web, mobile, or the desktop.
### what is template engine?
A template engine enables you to use static template files in your application. At runtime, the template engine replaces variables in a template file with actual values and transforms the template into an HTML file sent to the client. This approach makes it easier to design an HTML page.
Some popular template engines that work with Express are Pug, Mustache, and EJS. The Express application generator uses Jade as its default, but it also supports several others.
**So,**
Angular is a framework with a templating component baked in. You use it to create Single page Web Applications which means that DOM modification is happening on the client side and the app exchange with server only data. If your concern is template it is plain HTML.
*Whereas*, template engines' rendered views are sent to client each time by server whenever request is made each time a new page is rendered on server and sent to the client which is Great for static sites but not for rich site interactions.
***If there is angular for front-end in MEAN Stack then why there are views and template engines in express.js at back-end?***
This is because not every time generating views from angular is recommended sometimes it is better to use Template Engines to generate views and send the rendered page to a client, generating views at client side has its own pros and cons and generating views at server side has its own.
Generating views using template engines (i.e. at server-side):
==============================================================
>
> pros:
> -----
>
>
> 1. Search engines can crawl the site for better SEO.
> 2. The initial page load is faster.
> 3. Great for static sites.
>
>
> cons:
> -----
>
>
> 1. Frequent server requests.
> 2. An overall slow page rendering.
> 3. Full page reloads.
> 4. Non-rich site interactions.
>
>
>
Generating views using angular engines (i.e. at client-side):
=============================================================
>
> pros:
> -----
>
>
> 1. Rich site interactions
> 2. Fast website rendering after the initial load.
> 3. Great for web applications.
> 4. Robust selection of JavaScript libraries.
>
>
> cons:
> -----
>
>
> 1. Low SEO if not implemented correctly.
> 2. The initial load might require more time.
> 3. In most cases, requires an external library.
>
>
>
So, after knowing the pros and cons, you yourself can better decide that in particular case which one is better for you. Mean Stack has provided options for developers.
As far as your question regarding the role of these two technologies is concerned, Angular is a lot more view generator only, It has features like routing, it as services two-way data binding etc while the template engines are meant to render HTML so that it can be sent to the client.
I hope you will find this answer useful.
>
> **References:**
>
>
> 1. [what is the template engine?](https://expressjs.com/en/guide/using-template-engines.html)
> 2. [what is angular?](https://angular.io/docs#what-is-angular)
> 3. [pros/cons](https://www.quora.com/Are-templating-engines-still-neccessary-in-Node-app-development-when-there-are-front-end-frameworks-such-as-React-and-Angular-available)
>
>
> | Express JS is a web framework on top of nodejs http module. Whereas Angular JS is a front end framework which doesnot depend on NodeJs server to run. Conceptually both are similar in few features like routing whereas implementation is different |
51,947,023 | I am learning MEAN Stack. I started from learning Angular(from angular.io) now I am learning node.js and express.js
My question is, if there is **angular** for front end in MEAN Stack then why there are **views and template engines** in express.js at back-end? Are they alternative for each other or complements each other? what is the boundary for the role and responsibility of these two?
I am looking forward for someone's help in clarifying of my concept for role these two technologies(express' views and angular) used in mean stack. | 2018/08/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/51947023",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/6405655/"
] | In order to answer your question, let me explain what is angular and what are template engines in express?
### What is Angular?
Angular is a platform that makes it easy to build applications with the web. Angular combines declarative templates, dependency injection, end to end tooling, and integrated best practices to solve development challenges. Angular empowers developers to build applications that live on the web, mobile, or the desktop.
### what is template engine?
A template engine enables you to use static template files in your application. At runtime, the template engine replaces variables in a template file with actual values and transforms the template into an HTML file sent to the client. This approach makes it easier to design an HTML page.
Some popular template engines that work with Express are Pug, Mustache, and EJS. The Express application generator uses Jade as its default, but it also supports several others.
**So,**
Angular is a framework with a templating component baked in. You use it to create Single page Web Applications which means that DOM modification is happening on the client side and the app exchange with server only data. If your concern is template it is plain HTML.
*Whereas*, template engines' rendered views are sent to client each time by server whenever request is made each time a new page is rendered on server and sent to the client which is Great for static sites but not for rich site interactions.
***If there is angular for front-end in MEAN Stack then why there are views and template engines in express.js at back-end?***
This is because not every time generating views from angular is recommended sometimes it is better to use Template Engines to generate views and send the rendered page to a client, generating views at client side has its own pros and cons and generating views at server side has its own.
Generating views using template engines (i.e. at server-side):
==============================================================
>
> pros:
> -----
>
>
> 1. Search engines can crawl the site for better SEO.
> 2. The initial page load is faster.
> 3. Great for static sites.
>
>
> cons:
> -----
>
>
> 1. Frequent server requests.
> 2. An overall slow page rendering.
> 3. Full page reloads.
> 4. Non-rich site interactions.
>
>
>
Generating views using angular engines (i.e. at client-side):
=============================================================
>
> pros:
> -----
>
>
> 1. Rich site interactions
> 2. Fast website rendering after the initial load.
> 3. Great for web applications.
> 4. Robust selection of JavaScript libraries.
>
>
> cons:
> -----
>
>
> 1. Low SEO if not implemented correctly.
> 2. The initial load might require more time.
> 3. In most cases, requires an external library.
>
>
>
So, after knowing the pros and cons, you yourself can better decide that in particular case which one is better for you. Mean Stack has provided options for developers.
As far as your question regarding the role of these two technologies is concerned, Angular is a lot more view generator only, It has features like routing, it as services two-way data binding etc while the template engines are meant to render HTML so that it can be sent to the client.
I hope you will find this answer useful.
>
> **References:**
>
>
> 1. [what is the template engine?](https://expressjs.com/en/guide/using-template-engines.html)
> 2. [what is angular?](https://angular.io/docs#what-is-angular)
> 3. [pros/cons](https://www.quora.com/Are-templating-engines-still-neccessary-in-Node-app-development-when-there-are-front-end-frameworks-such-as-React-and-Angular-available)
>
>
> | Angular is a full-fledged front-end framework that comes with its own way of doing templating, using angular-specific markup in your HTML. If you use Angular as your framework, you're more or less stuck with their way of templating within the Angular portion of your application.
**Angular Features**
* It is a framework written in Javascript language
* Manages state of models
* Integrates with other UI tools
* Manipulates DOM
* Allows writing custom HTML codes
* It is meant for javascript developers to create dynamic web pages in a quick time
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/WiCjf.jpg)
**NodeJS**
* It serves the web
* It is runtime built on javascript engine in google chrome
* It can be considered as a lightweight server which can serve client requests in a more
* simpler way than java does
* It performs communication operation with databases, web-sockets,
middleware etc.
**Why we use angular for Tempting not Express/Node tempting Engine**
Server-side rendering is the most common method for displaying information onto the screen. It works by converting HTML files in the server into usable information for the browser.
Whenever you visit a website, your browser makes a request to the server that contains the contents of the website. The request usually only takes a few milliseconds, but that ultimately depends on a multitude of factors:
* Your internet speed
* how many users are trying to access the site and
* how optimized the website is, to name a few
Once the request is done processing, your browser gets back the fully rendered HTML and displays it on the screen. If you then decide to visit a different page on the website, your browser will once again make another request for the new information. This will occur each and every time you visit a page that your browser does not have a cached version of.
It doesn’t matter if the new page only has a few items that are different than the current page, the browser will ask for the entire new page and will re-render everything from the ground up.
**How client-side rendering works**
When developers talk about client-side rendering, they’re talking about rendering content in the browser using JavaScript. So instead of getting all of the content from the HTML document itself, you are getting a bare-bones HTML document with a JavaScript file that will render the rest of the site using the browser.
This is a relatively new approach to rendering websites, and it didn't really become popular until JavaScript libraries started incorporating it into their style of development.
See Examples Here[Pratical Example](https://medium.freecodecamp.org/what-exactly-is-client-side-rendering-and-hows-it-different-from-server-side-rendering-bd5c786b340d) |
51,947,023 | I am learning MEAN Stack. I started from learning Angular(from angular.io) now I am learning node.js and express.js
My question is, if there is **angular** for front end in MEAN Stack then why there are **views and template engines** in express.js at back-end? Are they alternative for each other or complements each other? what is the boundary for the role and responsibility of these two?
I am looking forward for someone's help in clarifying of my concept for role these two technologies(express' views and angular) used in mean stack. | 2018/08/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/51947023",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/6405655/"
] | In order to answer your question, let me explain what is angular and what are template engines in express?
### What is Angular?
Angular is a platform that makes it easy to build applications with the web. Angular combines declarative templates, dependency injection, end to end tooling, and integrated best practices to solve development challenges. Angular empowers developers to build applications that live on the web, mobile, or the desktop.
### what is template engine?
A template engine enables you to use static template files in your application. At runtime, the template engine replaces variables in a template file with actual values and transforms the template into an HTML file sent to the client. This approach makes it easier to design an HTML page.
Some popular template engines that work with Express are Pug, Mustache, and EJS. The Express application generator uses Jade as its default, but it also supports several others.
**So,**
Angular is a framework with a templating component baked in. You use it to create Single page Web Applications which means that DOM modification is happening on the client side and the app exchange with server only data. If your concern is template it is plain HTML.
*Whereas*, template engines' rendered views are sent to client each time by server whenever request is made each time a new page is rendered on server and sent to the client which is Great for static sites but not for rich site interactions.
***If there is angular for front-end in MEAN Stack then why there are views and template engines in express.js at back-end?***
This is because not every time generating views from angular is recommended sometimes it is better to use Template Engines to generate views and send the rendered page to a client, generating views at client side has its own pros and cons and generating views at server side has its own.
Generating views using template engines (i.e. at server-side):
==============================================================
>
> pros:
> -----
>
>
> 1. Search engines can crawl the site for better SEO.
> 2. The initial page load is faster.
> 3. Great for static sites.
>
>
> cons:
> -----
>
>
> 1. Frequent server requests.
> 2. An overall slow page rendering.
> 3. Full page reloads.
> 4. Non-rich site interactions.
>
>
>
Generating views using angular engines (i.e. at client-side):
=============================================================
>
> pros:
> -----
>
>
> 1. Rich site interactions
> 2. Fast website rendering after the initial load.
> 3. Great for web applications.
> 4. Robust selection of JavaScript libraries.
>
>
> cons:
> -----
>
>
> 1. Low SEO if not implemented correctly.
> 2. The initial load might require more time.
> 3. In most cases, requires an external library.
>
>
>
So, after knowing the pros and cons, you yourself can better decide that in particular case which one is better for you. Mean Stack has provided options for developers.
As far as your question regarding the role of these two technologies is concerned, Angular is a lot more view generator only, It has features like routing, it as services two-way data binding etc while the template engines are meant to render HTML so that it can be sent to the client.
I hope you will find this answer useful.
>
> **References:**
>
>
> 1. [what is the template engine?](https://expressjs.com/en/guide/using-template-engines.html)
> 2. [what is angular?](https://angular.io/docs#what-is-angular)
> 3. [pros/cons](https://www.quora.com/Are-templating-engines-still-neccessary-in-Node-app-development-when-there-are-front-end-frameworks-such-as-React-and-Angular-available)
>
>
> | Basically template engines in Express are mostly used for displaying 404 and other server error messages. I find them ideal for such use cases. Using template engines for complex front end rendering is bad and not a good practice. |
18,635 | Another poster started some wonderful tutorials (http://socialsounddesign.com/questions/17435/interactive-audio-learn-how-to-build-web-mobile-audio-applications-using-javas) along the lines of what I'm looking for. But I'm pretty impatient for the next tutorial and would love to dive into this more ASAP. Know of any pointers? | 2013/03/21 | [
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/18635",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/users/5824/"
] | Tutorial 4 & 5 have been up for awhile.
<http://interactiveaudio.wikiaudio.org/how-to/javascript-variables-primitive-data-types-part-1/>
<http://interactiveaudio.wikiaudio.org/how-to/javascript-variables-primitive-data-types-part-2/> | Well I just started the same course and would love to get to part 5 :)
So no answer, but a recommendation/bump!
Nice tutorial! |
18,635 | Another poster started some wonderful tutorials (http://socialsounddesign.com/questions/17435/interactive-audio-learn-how-to-build-web-mobile-audio-applications-using-javas) along the lines of what I'm looking for. But I'm pretty impatient for the next tutorial and would love to dive into this more ASAP. Know of any pointers? | 2013/03/21 | [
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/questions/18635",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com",
"https://sound.stackexchange.com/users/5824/"
] | Tutorial 4 & 5 have been up for awhile.
<http://interactiveaudio.wikiaudio.org/how-to/javascript-variables-primitive-data-types-part-1/>
<http://interactiveaudio.wikiaudio.org/how-to/javascript-variables-primitive-data-types-part-2/> | Codecademy is not bad, but some of the lessons have problems with the online interpreter not working real well. Well, I had problems with the Python course anyway. Just a heads up. |
26,178 | For testing android traffic encryption I have configured a VPN client in my phone. What simple test I can perform in my home wifi network to verify that the traffic is really encrypted and secure? | 2012/12/29 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/26178",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/15194/"
] | If the server is located somewhere else, you can check if the traffic is being tunneled through the VPN server by checking what IP address you are coming from. Visit a site like <http://www.whatismyip.com/> with and without your VPN software enabled on your phone and see if it is a different IP address displayed.
Capturing the traffic from the air is a little bit tricky involving some steps like having a wireless card that supports monitor mode and software that makes use of the monitor mode.
A simple way of inspecting all the traffic to and from your phone is to pass it through a device where you can run a pocket inspection tool. Here is a tutorial about using Internet Connection Sharing in Windows to set up a hotspot on your PC: <http://lifehacker.com/5369381/turn-your-windows-7-pc-into-a-wireless-hotspot>. Connectify Hotspot is also a simple software to use: <http://www.connectify.me/hotspot/>.
Once the traffic from your phone passes through your PC, you can use Wireshark on your PC to inspect the traffic for unencrypted text. | If you are on a broadcast network like an unencrypted wifi network then you can load up Wireshark on another machine on the network and sniff all of the traffic leaving the device. Wireshark will identify protocols and allow you to see all network communications on the broadcast network. |
284,510 | Soon my fancy new 120GB SSD will arrive for my laptop workstation I use for PHP development and other misc tasks.
I really don't want to bog it down with heaps of software, so my current plan is to have, on the actual OS (Windows 7 Pro):
* VirtualBox
* Google Chrome
* Some AV (AVG or Avast...)
* Not a lot else.
I envisage having 2 VM's, one for "misc" software (photoshop, itunes, MS Office, etc.) and the other as my development environment. (Apache / MySQL / PHP, Eclipse, Firefox, SVN etc.)
I haven't decided what OS to make the dev workstation yet... I could probably use Debian. Obviously I'd need some flavor of windows for the 'misc software' vm.
Host Laptop's specs: Win7 Pro, Dell Studio XPS1645, OCZ Vertex 2 120GB SSD HDD, Intel Core i7 CPU @ 1.73GHz, 6GB RAM
**Does anyone have any experience with virtualising their entire workstation, tips, tricks, things to look out for?**
**Should I install antivirus on each of my virtual machines?**
**Should I store the source code of the development machine on the development machine, or store it on the host, share the folder, and in the guest; dev off the "network" share?** | 2011/05/17 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/284510",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/218/"
] | If you are going to run Photoshop (CS4 or above) on a guest VM, you may want to consider VMWare Workstation 7.1 as it has far better 3d video performance than Virtual Box according to this [source](http://www.zdnet.com/blog/perlow/virtualization-smackdown-2-oracle-vm-virtualbox-32-vs-vmware-workstation-71/13020?tag=mantle_skin;content). | You could give each VM a direct disk partition instead of a virtual disk file on the host OS. Seems to me that one less abstraction layer on the file system can't hurt performance.
I know VMware Workstation supports this, not sure about VirtualBox. |
284,510 | Soon my fancy new 120GB SSD will arrive for my laptop workstation I use for PHP development and other misc tasks.
I really don't want to bog it down with heaps of software, so my current plan is to have, on the actual OS (Windows 7 Pro):
* VirtualBox
* Google Chrome
* Some AV (AVG or Avast...)
* Not a lot else.
I envisage having 2 VM's, one for "misc" software (photoshop, itunes, MS Office, etc.) and the other as my development environment. (Apache / MySQL / PHP, Eclipse, Firefox, SVN etc.)
I haven't decided what OS to make the dev workstation yet... I could probably use Debian. Obviously I'd need some flavor of windows for the 'misc software' vm.
Host Laptop's specs: Win7 Pro, Dell Studio XPS1645, OCZ Vertex 2 120GB SSD HDD, Intel Core i7 CPU @ 1.73GHz, 6GB RAM
**Does anyone have any experience with virtualising their entire workstation, tips, tricks, things to look out for?**
**Should I install antivirus on each of my virtual machines?**
**Should I store the source code of the development machine on the development machine, or store it on the host, share the folder, and in the guest; dev off the "network" share?** | 2011/05/17 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/284510",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/218/"
] | From my personal perspective (and experience), it is a good idea to run a Linux as your Host OS (I use Ubuntu). The major reasons for this is that Linux has a much smaller footprint with all of the system resources which will be able to let your Guests have a little bit more. VirtualBox and Chrome can both be installed in Ubuntu, then you also don't really need AV, but if you insist Avast does have a Linux virus scanner which im pretty sure would just search for windows viruses on the linux file system.
To answer your bolded questions: I would install AV on just my windows machines (virtual or not).
I have my entire workstation visualized at my house, one thing I have noticed is that graphics acceleration is the biggest nag. I cant play any 'real' games on my windows virtual because of this, windows areo doesnt work, and ive also noticed that you must turn off 3d acceleration in VirtualBox if you want the lates visual studio express to run. (really weird, but thats what it is).
If you are running and SVN repository on your development machine I would highly suggest having the repository on something like a hosted iscsi volume simply to make backups much easier, and in case something goes corrupt it is less layers to dig through to save what matters most.
Also the comment about having a shared folder system by @pthesis is a really good idea, I have the shared folder system hooked up through virtual box just for quick file swapping.. and then I have a samba exclusive virtual that hosts the majority of my files (pics, vid, docs, music, etc) through my entire home network.
I have been considering making a redistributable pre-setup of my svn server virtual and my samba server virtual... if you are interested in it, you might be enough motivation for me to pull something like that together. | If you are going to run Photoshop (CS4 or above) on a guest VM, you may want to consider VMWare Workstation 7.1 as it has far better 3d video performance than Virtual Box according to this [source](http://www.zdnet.com/blog/perlow/virtualization-smackdown-2-oracle-vm-virtualbox-32-vs-vmware-workstation-71/13020?tag=mantle_skin;content). |
284,510 | Soon my fancy new 120GB SSD will arrive for my laptop workstation I use for PHP development and other misc tasks.
I really don't want to bog it down with heaps of software, so my current plan is to have, on the actual OS (Windows 7 Pro):
* VirtualBox
* Google Chrome
* Some AV (AVG or Avast...)
* Not a lot else.
I envisage having 2 VM's, one for "misc" software (photoshop, itunes, MS Office, etc.) and the other as my development environment. (Apache / MySQL / PHP, Eclipse, Firefox, SVN etc.)
I haven't decided what OS to make the dev workstation yet... I could probably use Debian. Obviously I'd need some flavor of windows for the 'misc software' vm.
Host Laptop's specs: Win7 Pro, Dell Studio XPS1645, OCZ Vertex 2 120GB SSD HDD, Intel Core i7 CPU @ 1.73GHz, 6GB RAM
**Does anyone have any experience with virtualising their entire workstation, tips, tricks, things to look out for?**
**Should I install antivirus on each of my virtual machines?**
**Should I store the source code of the development machine on the development machine, or store it on the host, share the folder, and in the guest; dev off the "network" share?** | 2011/05/17 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/284510",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/218/"
] | I've been doing what you're proposing for several months with Virtualbox, and it works pretty well.
Some things to consider:
* You'll probably want to set up file-sharing in your VMs, either via Samba or VirtualBox "shared folders", or both
* Take snapshots of your VMs frequently for backup, and especially before major milestones. I use snapshots to try out new software - it's a lot cleaner to revert to a snapshot than uninstalling software, drivers, etc.
* Photoshop runs fine inside a virtual machine with 2.5GB RAM. You might want to add more RAM to your machine. | You could give each VM a direct disk partition instead of a virtual disk file on the host OS. Seems to me that one less abstraction layer on the file system can't hurt performance.
I know VMware Workstation supports this, not sure about VirtualBox. |
284,510 | Soon my fancy new 120GB SSD will arrive for my laptop workstation I use for PHP development and other misc tasks.
I really don't want to bog it down with heaps of software, so my current plan is to have, on the actual OS (Windows 7 Pro):
* VirtualBox
* Google Chrome
* Some AV (AVG or Avast...)
* Not a lot else.
I envisage having 2 VM's, one for "misc" software (photoshop, itunes, MS Office, etc.) and the other as my development environment. (Apache / MySQL / PHP, Eclipse, Firefox, SVN etc.)
I haven't decided what OS to make the dev workstation yet... I could probably use Debian. Obviously I'd need some flavor of windows for the 'misc software' vm.
Host Laptop's specs: Win7 Pro, Dell Studio XPS1645, OCZ Vertex 2 120GB SSD HDD, Intel Core i7 CPU @ 1.73GHz, 6GB RAM
**Does anyone have any experience with virtualising their entire workstation, tips, tricks, things to look out for?**
**Should I install antivirus on each of my virtual machines?**
**Should I store the source code of the development machine on the development machine, or store it on the host, share the folder, and in the guest; dev off the "network" share?** | 2011/05/17 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/284510",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/218/"
] | From my personal perspective (and experience), it is a good idea to run a Linux as your Host OS (I use Ubuntu). The major reasons for this is that Linux has a much smaller footprint with all of the system resources which will be able to let your Guests have a little bit more. VirtualBox and Chrome can both be installed in Ubuntu, then you also don't really need AV, but if you insist Avast does have a Linux virus scanner which im pretty sure would just search for windows viruses on the linux file system.
To answer your bolded questions: I would install AV on just my windows machines (virtual or not).
I have my entire workstation visualized at my house, one thing I have noticed is that graphics acceleration is the biggest nag. I cant play any 'real' games on my windows virtual because of this, windows areo doesnt work, and ive also noticed that you must turn off 3d acceleration in VirtualBox if you want the lates visual studio express to run. (really weird, but thats what it is).
If you are running and SVN repository on your development machine I would highly suggest having the repository on something like a hosted iscsi volume simply to make backups much easier, and in case something goes corrupt it is less layers to dig through to save what matters most.
Also the comment about having a shared folder system by @pthesis is a really good idea, I have the shared folder system hooked up through virtual box just for quick file swapping.. and then I have a samba exclusive virtual that hosts the majority of my files (pics, vid, docs, music, etc) through my entire home network.
I have been considering making a redistributable pre-setup of my svn server virtual and my samba server virtual... if you are interested in it, you might be enough motivation for me to pull something like that together. | You could give each VM a direct disk partition instead of a virtual disk file on the host OS. Seems to me that one less abstraction layer on the file system can't hurt performance.
I know VMware Workstation supports this, not sure about VirtualBox. |
284,510 | Soon my fancy new 120GB SSD will arrive for my laptop workstation I use for PHP development and other misc tasks.
I really don't want to bog it down with heaps of software, so my current plan is to have, on the actual OS (Windows 7 Pro):
* VirtualBox
* Google Chrome
* Some AV (AVG or Avast...)
* Not a lot else.
I envisage having 2 VM's, one for "misc" software (photoshop, itunes, MS Office, etc.) and the other as my development environment. (Apache / MySQL / PHP, Eclipse, Firefox, SVN etc.)
I haven't decided what OS to make the dev workstation yet... I could probably use Debian. Obviously I'd need some flavor of windows for the 'misc software' vm.
Host Laptop's specs: Win7 Pro, Dell Studio XPS1645, OCZ Vertex 2 120GB SSD HDD, Intel Core i7 CPU @ 1.73GHz, 6GB RAM
**Does anyone have any experience with virtualising their entire workstation, tips, tricks, things to look out for?**
**Should I install antivirus on each of my virtual machines?**
**Should I store the source code of the development machine on the development machine, or store it on the host, share the folder, and in the guest; dev off the "network" share?** | 2011/05/17 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/284510",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/218/"
] | From my personal perspective (and experience), it is a good idea to run a Linux as your Host OS (I use Ubuntu). The major reasons for this is that Linux has a much smaller footprint with all of the system resources which will be able to let your Guests have a little bit more. VirtualBox and Chrome can both be installed in Ubuntu, then you also don't really need AV, but if you insist Avast does have a Linux virus scanner which im pretty sure would just search for windows viruses on the linux file system.
To answer your bolded questions: I would install AV on just my windows machines (virtual or not).
I have my entire workstation visualized at my house, one thing I have noticed is that graphics acceleration is the biggest nag. I cant play any 'real' games on my windows virtual because of this, windows areo doesnt work, and ive also noticed that you must turn off 3d acceleration in VirtualBox if you want the lates visual studio express to run. (really weird, but thats what it is).
If you are running and SVN repository on your development machine I would highly suggest having the repository on something like a hosted iscsi volume simply to make backups much easier, and in case something goes corrupt it is less layers to dig through to save what matters most.
Also the comment about having a shared folder system by @pthesis is a really good idea, I have the shared folder system hooked up through virtual box just for quick file swapping.. and then I have a samba exclusive virtual that hosts the majority of my files (pics, vid, docs, music, etc) through my entire home network.
I have been considering making a redistributable pre-setup of my svn server virtual and my samba server virtual... if you are interested in it, you might be enough motivation for me to pull something like that together. | I've been doing what you're proposing for several months with Virtualbox, and it works pretty well.
Some things to consider:
* You'll probably want to set up file-sharing in your VMs, either via Samba or VirtualBox "shared folders", or both
* Take snapshots of your VMs frequently for backup, and especially before major milestones. I use snapshots to try out new software - it's a lot cleaner to revert to a snapshot than uninstalling software, drivers, etc.
* Photoshop runs fine inside a virtual machine with 2.5GB RAM. You might want to add more RAM to your machine. |
739,831 | NASA's DART impactor made a head-on collision with the asteroid Dimorphos on September 26, 2022. A real-time video feed gave immediate confirmation of the direct hit. But according to [this press release](https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-confirms-dart-mission-impact-changed-asteroid-s-motion-in-space), NASA had to observe Dimorphos for two more weeks before being able to confirm that Dimorphos's trajectory was indeed noticeably altered (as planned).
Why? It seems to me that determining the collision's effect on Dimorphos's orbit would be a very simple exercise in Newtonian mechanics. I assume that Dimorphos's total mass was well-known from its orbital dynamics with Didymos. I know that its internal composition wasn't well understood, but is that really so important for understanding its post-collision dynamics? Conservation of momentum means that the subsequent overall motion of Dimorphos's center of mass should not be affected by the details of its internal composition.
I know that the collision ejected some material off of Dimorphos's surface, so there's a bit of a semantic question as to whether after the collision, the term "Dimorphos" should refer to "all of that material that made up Dimorphos *before* the collision" or "what's left on the largest connected component of that material *after* the collision". But it doesn't seem to me that this would make a big difference regarding Dimorphos's overall dynamics. It seems to me that approximating the collision as a perfectly inelastic collision between two point particles would probably give a pretty good model. Even if the impactor did knock off a significant fraction of Dimorphos's mass (which seems unlikely), then it seems to me that this outcome would count as "significantly changing its trajectory" almost by definition.
Was there ever really any genuine uncertainty whether DART would redirect Dimorphos *given that* DART directly impacted Dimorphos? What kind of plausible internal composition of Dimorphos could have led to a failure to be redirected?
**Edit to clarify question scope:** As is often the case, many people are interpreting the title of my question too literally. (My understanding is that Stack Exchange's convention is that the "official" version of an SE question is found in the question body, and the purpose of the question's title is to draw attention rather to precisely state the question.) I'm not trying to have a general philosophical debate about how much you should trust theory vs. experiment. Nor am I trying to understand why NASA actually *did* observationally confirm the redirection, as a lot of complicated non-physics factors enter into that decision. (So any speculation about NASA's political incentives, etc. are out of scope for this question.) I'm just asking, very concretely, what were the main sources of scientific uncertainty in the extent to which Dimorphos would be redirected given a successful collision, and how those uncertainties would affect the extent of redirection. "The composition of Dimorphos" would not be a concrete enough uncertainty; I'd like to know *how* the composition of Dimorphos would change the redirection. Of the many comments and answer to this question so far, only John Doty's answer addresses my question within the scope that I intended it. | 2022/12/05 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/739831",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/92058/"
] | Because sometimes things don't quite turn out as the theory expects, and the only way to know is to experiment.
Aa an example, take the main result of this experiment: the orbital period was changed by ~32min (<https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-confirms-dart-mission-impact-changed-asteroid-s-motion-in-space>).
If we take for correct the calculations in [DART crash on Dimorphos: computation of orbital period change](https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/731677/dart-crash-on-dimorphos-computation-of-orbital-period-change) and we add to that an estimate of the effect due to reshaping outlined in <https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/PSJ/ac7566>, taking the larger estimates, we arrive at a change of 18 minutes, well short of the real world 32.
I'm no physicist and I haven't read all the details of either calculation, so there may well be some assumption made both times that could be integrated (there probably is), but I think it well shows how much value there is in actually preforming the experiment and not trusting theory blindly. | Biliards or snooker are games where you can perfectly calculate the mechanics, nonetheless there is still a great amount of variability.
In the case of DART the impact point might have been solid rock or rubble slipping sideways and dispersing part of the momentum or something in between. Another factor of uncertainty is the angle, it is very difficult to hit with great precision a rotating body. |
61,265 | I'm curious what kind of arguments one could give to justify to someone without a college education that they would have to pay for someone else's education that they themselves never received.
With majors where it's expected that people will be more capable of producing value than without such as with STEM majors the argument is that long term, they will be able to pay more taxes allowing the original taxpayer to retire more comfortably.
But that's less of an argument when its about a major that has no guarantee of a high paying position as a result of it. In fact you are losing out on tax revenue that they could have paid if they spent the same time working.
So how would one convince someone to pay for a less profitable major for someone else? | 2020/12/30 | [
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/61265",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/users/29677/"
] | Quite a lot of graduates from non-STEM majors (teaching, health professionals, social workers etc.) end up in jobs where their value for the society is not reflected in their salaries, because their services are guaranteed by the state (provision of "free" education, medical and social care). If you as a citizen want to keep these services on a certain level of quality, you want those people to get a university degree. | I do not personally believe it is justified for the government to subsidise such degrees, but those who do seem to justify it in the following ways:
* A more educated society indirectly benefits us all (supposedly, a more well-educated society will have less crime, elect better politicians, care more about global warming, justice system reforms...)
* A too narrow focus on STEM is not good, we need a holistic set of skills in society
* STEM is a hype, if we allow free market to allocate degrees we will end up with a lack of historians/philosophers in 10-20 years
One claim that is not factually wrong (just that two wrongs do not make a right) is to point out to the person you are convincing that they probably get a lot of benefits other people do not, for example their kids get educated while even people without kids pay for education, public roads are also funded by people that do not own cars or travel a lot, etc |
61,265 | I'm curious what kind of arguments one could give to justify to someone without a college education that they would have to pay for someone else's education that they themselves never received.
With majors where it's expected that people will be more capable of producing value than without such as with STEM majors the argument is that long term, they will be able to pay more taxes allowing the original taxpayer to retire more comfortably.
But that's less of an argument when its about a major that has no guarantee of a high paying position as a result of it. In fact you are losing out on tax revenue that they could have paid if they spent the same time working.
So how would one convince someone to pay for a less profitable major for someone else? | 2020/12/30 | [
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/61265",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/users/29677/"
] | Here are some:
* Golden Rule: I'd like my tuition to be paid even if I don't know whether it's profitable, and in return, I'd pay my share of someone else's tuition that I don't know will be profitable.
* Innovation means exploring every possibility, not just the ones that some rich CEO thinks are profitable. I think you don't have to explain why the most innovative societies are best in the long term.
* Cultural value doesn't mirror financial value. We pour money into the Large Hadron Collider (but not too much!) because we'd like to unravel the mysteries of the universe, not because it's profitable.
* A more economic argument: if someone would be otherwise unemployed, then the country loses nothing by paying them to work on some project with public utility. They're going to get food and housing one way or another - *someone* ends up paying for them, no matter what - so why not get some research in exchange? If you didn't pay for unemployed people in taxes, you'd pay for them in increased crime, for example. | I do not personally believe it is justified for the government to subsidise such degrees, but those who do seem to justify it in the following ways:
* A more educated society indirectly benefits us all (supposedly, a more well-educated society will have less crime, elect better politicians, care more about global warming, justice system reforms...)
* A too narrow focus on STEM is not good, we need a holistic set of skills in society
* STEM is a hype, if we allow free market to allocate degrees we will end up with a lack of historians/philosophers in 10-20 years
One claim that is not factually wrong (just that two wrongs do not make a right) is to point out to the person you are convincing that they probably get a lot of benefits other people do not, for example their kids get educated while even people without kids pay for education, public roads are also funded by people that do not own cars or travel a lot, etc |
61,265 | I'm curious what kind of arguments one could give to justify to someone without a college education that they would have to pay for someone else's education that they themselves never received.
With majors where it's expected that people will be more capable of producing value than without such as with STEM majors the argument is that long term, they will be able to pay more taxes allowing the original taxpayer to retire more comfortably.
But that's less of an argument when its about a major that has no guarantee of a high paying position as a result of it. In fact you are losing out on tax revenue that they could have paid if they spent the same time working.
So how would one convince someone to pay for a less profitable major for someone else? | 2020/12/30 | [
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/61265",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/users/29677/"
] | I'll take a slightly different tack: it is a bad idea for a government to pick winners and losers. What seems a "worthy" degree at one point may turn out not be be so later on.
I come from a STEM background. My freshman year, we had a large graduating class of Chemical Engineers. That's because, 4 years earlier, the market for them had been red-hot. By then however, there had been a downturn in the chemicals industry and there was a glut of incoming graduates. About 25% of the Chem. E. grads, from a prestigious school, had a job offer in their last semester.
You may want to tweak taxes and financing, for example make it easy to borrow money and make repayment conditional on taxable income reaching certain thresholds. You may also want to promote STEM careers, especially to people who'd not usually pursue them. Possibly even set up more advantageous scholarships. Regulate universities so that they are not diploma mills (Basket Weaving 101). Promote technical 2-year colleges.
But, in a free market, the government should not try to control the supply of graduates overmuch. An educated workforce, even in "undesirable" fields, has a lot more earning power and flexibility than people with just high school diplomas.
Let employers' wages drive the signals that tell students which careers to pursue. Plus, "soft" diplomas will typically be cheaper to supply than "hard" ones.
Last, one possibility to address the concern of "frivolous" diplomas is to make people have "skin in the game". Rather than fully free college education, make it extremely easy to finance at low interest, with repayments tied to minimal earning thresholds. That essentially allows anyone afford secondary degrees, but people are more likely to take into account expected earnings if they have to pay it back. If they never make enough money, so be it. | Quite a lot of graduates from non-STEM majors (teaching, health professionals, social workers etc.) end up in jobs where their value for the society is not reflected in their salaries, because their services are guaranteed by the state (provision of "free" education, medical and social care). If you as a citizen want to keep these services on a certain level of quality, you want those people to get a university degree. |
61,265 | I'm curious what kind of arguments one could give to justify to someone without a college education that they would have to pay for someone else's education that they themselves never received.
With majors where it's expected that people will be more capable of producing value than without such as with STEM majors the argument is that long term, they will be able to pay more taxes allowing the original taxpayer to retire more comfortably.
But that's less of an argument when its about a major that has no guarantee of a high paying position as a result of it. In fact you are losing out on tax revenue that they could have paid if they spent the same time working.
So how would one convince someone to pay for a less profitable major for someone else? | 2020/12/30 | [
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/61265",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/users/29677/"
] | After one generation, you would have lots of engineers and lawyers and few, if any, teachers.
After two generations, you would have neither engineers nor teachers.
Our *culture* is more than just engineering. It might be possible to ignore that on the short term, but not for long. So one could say that we're systematically underpaying kindergarten teachers and art historians, and you want to add insult to injury by defunding their departments?
---
*Follow-Up:* There have been debates in the comments and also some *actual* comments about me mixing teachers and art historians. The former are seen as *useful* by some commenters in producing the next generation of STEM graduates, the latter are seen as useless. But I stand by my belief that **culture is more than just engineering.** To clarify, I firmly believe that any society which abandons non-applied science will be diminished on the long run. | There are answers about how all these unprofitable educations are actually profitable in a way. They're really answering the question by implicitly reframing as being about justifying funding education that is profitable, which makes an answer obvious...
There is no *objective*/rational justification to pay for something *objectively* unprofitable. However, not all decisions revolve around tangible, objective, or easily measurable things.
So the justification is that in the eyes of people doing the decisions for funding, these things are profitable for various reasons, which may come down to subjective personal preferences. |
61,265 | I'm curious what kind of arguments one could give to justify to someone without a college education that they would have to pay for someone else's education that they themselves never received.
With majors where it's expected that people will be more capable of producing value than without such as with STEM majors the argument is that long term, they will be able to pay more taxes allowing the original taxpayer to retire more comfortably.
But that's less of an argument when its about a major that has no guarantee of a high paying position as a result of it. In fact you are losing out on tax revenue that they could have paid if they spent the same time working.
So how would one convince someone to pay for a less profitable major for someone else? | 2020/12/30 | [
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/61265",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/users/29677/"
] | ### You don't.
A lot of the other answers have been suggested by other people here, with varying degrees of success, but noone's addressed the elephant in the room. You don't try to convince them to fund these degrees, because you don't need to fund them to begin with. When the government is funding the education sector, the government will fund the sections of it that it believes will improve the country's well-being, and that means that unprofitable and unneeded degrees like Fine Arts and English will have their funding cut so that it can be redirected to degrees that are tied to functions that the government values, such as STEM, Education, Nursing, Law, and similar degrees that are likely to lead to employment.
The fact of the matter is that any government has a finite amount of resources, and one of the primary jobs for them is resource allocation, and areas that the government deems less important will receive less resources. If you want to see this in action in the real world, look at how the Australian government [cut funding](https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/jun/19/australian-university-fees-arts-stem-science-maths-nursing-teaching-humanities) for Arts degrees to give it to (primarily) STEM degrees. | I do not personally believe it is justified for the government to subsidise such degrees, but those who do seem to justify it in the following ways:
* A more educated society indirectly benefits us all (supposedly, a more well-educated society will have less crime, elect better politicians, care more about global warming, justice system reforms...)
* A too narrow focus on STEM is not good, we need a holistic set of skills in society
* STEM is a hype, if we allow free market to allocate degrees we will end up with a lack of historians/philosophers in 10-20 years
One claim that is not factually wrong (just that two wrongs do not make a right) is to point out to the person you are convincing that they probably get a lot of benefits other people do not, for example their kids get educated while even people without kids pay for education, public roads are also funded by people that do not own cars or travel a lot, etc |
61,265 | I'm curious what kind of arguments one could give to justify to someone without a college education that they would have to pay for someone else's education that they themselves never received.
With majors where it's expected that people will be more capable of producing value than without such as with STEM majors the argument is that long term, they will be able to pay more taxes allowing the original taxpayer to retire more comfortably.
But that's less of an argument when its about a major that has no guarantee of a high paying position as a result of it. In fact you are losing out on tax revenue that they could have paid if they spent the same time working.
So how would one convince someone to pay for a less profitable major for someone else? | 2020/12/30 | [
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/61265",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/users/29677/"
] | Everyone benefits from an educated society.
People with an education, even in non STEM fields are more productive: Just ask Lawyers, Teachers, Advertisers, Designers, Business executives, HR professionals, and all the hundreds of other degree level jobs that exist. A degree, any degree, halves your chance of being unemployed.
People with an education are healthier, commit fewer crimes, and have higher levels of civic involvement. The individual benefits from being in a society where people are educated.
Indeed it is hard to find an indicator of personal or societal fulfilment that education doesn't enhance. | The OP seems to be under the impression that universities care about students employment when really they don't. If you want a job then you go to a trade-school. A trade has an almost guarantee of a job. If you want an education then you go to university.
A university trains a countries politicians, the success of a religion or worldview in a country depends greatly on the success at the academy. The attitude of the academy, has a trickle-down effect on the attitudes of its people. The pursuit of knowledge, a better understanding of the world we live in. You really cannot put a financial metric on a education.
Yes, there are degrees which people just do to gain access to a profession, but generally these have been in the minority. Understanding our world better is a noble pursuit regardless of the employment opportunities. You seem to have a very narrow-minded view of a education, something which is as common as it is unfortunate.
I have been working basically for the past 10 years as a music teacher. My job basically was finding a final solution to the heathen problem. Parents with a bit of money really don't want to raise barbarians, for nearly 10 years I have been helping them with that.
Am I now to be told that my job was unsuccessful because I did not make a scientist salary? Yes, I know the pay for teachers is poor, I don't need a physicist to tell me that. I'm perfectly able to gauge the earning potential of my profession myself.
That is why I have been teaching myself web-development for the last couple of years, but still that has not taken away from my 100% distinction record or in any way taken away from the teaching I did. |
61,265 | I'm curious what kind of arguments one could give to justify to someone without a college education that they would have to pay for someone else's education that they themselves never received.
With majors where it's expected that people will be more capable of producing value than without such as with STEM majors the argument is that long term, they will be able to pay more taxes allowing the original taxpayer to retire more comfortably.
But that's less of an argument when its about a major that has no guarantee of a high paying position as a result of it. In fact you are losing out on tax revenue that they could have paid if they spent the same time working.
So how would one convince someone to pay for a less profitable major for someone else? | 2020/12/30 | [
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/61265",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/users/29677/"
] | I'll take a slightly different tack: it is a bad idea for a government to pick winners and losers. What seems a "worthy" degree at one point may turn out not be be so later on.
I come from a STEM background. My freshman year, we had a large graduating class of Chemical Engineers. That's because, 4 years earlier, the market for them had been red-hot. By then however, there had been a downturn in the chemicals industry and there was a glut of incoming graduates. About 25% of the Chem. E. grads, from a prestigious school, had a job offer in their last semester.
You may want to tweak taxes and financing, for example make it easy to borrow money and make repayment conditional on taxable income reaching certain thresholds. You may also want to promote STEM careers, especially to people who'd not usually pursue them. Possibly even set up more advantageous scholarships. Regulate universities so that they are not diploma mills (Basket Weaving 101). Promote technical 2-year colleges.
But, in a free market, the government should not try to control the supply of graduates overmuch. An educated workforce, even in "undesirable" fields, has a lot more earning power and flexibility than people with just high school diplomas.
Let employers' wages drive the signals that tell students which careers to pursue. Plus, "soft" diplomas will typically be cheaper to supply than "hard" ones.
Last, one possibility to address the concern of "frivolous" diplomas is to make people have "skin in the game". Rather than fully free college education, make it extremely easy to finance at low interest, with repayments tied to minimal earning thresholds. That essentially allows anyone afford secondary degrees, but people are more likely to take into account expected earnings if they have to pay it back. If they never make enough money, so be it. | Most STEM majors don’t use their specialisms in productive employment. Some do, but most don’t. And yet, the university experience of studying something in great detail and exercising insight, creativity, and skill, all under the pressure of high-stakes exams while networking with aspirational peers, turns out to be a valuable and transferable skill in its own right.
So in some sense it might not matter what you study as long as you study it well. You’ll be a more valuable and productive and enriched member of society at the end of it.
Additionally, smart people are valuable and it pays to have them engaged and empowered in society, regardless of their specific interests. If you only educate math-passion smart people and exclude art-passion smart people, you’ll have strictly fewer smart people overall participating in society.
Now of course smart people might well do just fine without a university education, or acquire one themselves through non-university routes, but I think an argument could be made that the university system is a reasonably efficient way of inducting smart people into productive society and setting them on course to maximise their potential.
Citation: <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/32379/11-771-stem-graduates-in-non-stem-jobs.pdf>
Excerpt:
>
> Within the workplace, few graduates interviewed used their specific degree subject knowledge a great deal (even those in STEM Specialist work), although their degree subject was perceived as vitally important in gaining such jobs. On the other hand, almost all the graduates – irrespective of employment sector – used the general and broader skills learned while doing a STEM degree to a much greater extent.
>
>
>
(Although more importantly the paper supports the notion that STEM=employment is an oversimplification). |
61,265 | I'm curious what kind of arguments one could give to justify to someone without a college education that they would have to pay for someone else's education that they themselves never received.
With majors where it's expected that people will be more capable of producing value than without such as with STEM majors the argument is that long term, they will be able to pay more taxes allowing the original taxpayer to retire more comfortably.
But that's less of an argument when its about a major that has no guarantee of a high paying position as a result of it. In fact you are losing out on tax revenue that they could have paid if they spent the same time working.
So how would one convince someone to pay for a less profitable major for someone else? | 2020/12/30 | [
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/61265",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/users/29677/"
] | After one generation, you would have lots of engineers and lawyers and few, if any, teachers.
After two generations, you would have neither engineers nor teachers.
Our *culture* is more than just engineering. It might be possible to ignore that on the short term, but not for long. So one could say that we're systematically underpaying kindergarten teachers and art historians, and you want to add insult to injury by defunding their departments?
---
*Follow-Up:* There have been debates in the comments and also some *actual* comments about me mixing teachers and art historians. The former are seen as *useful* by some commenters in producing the next generation of STEM graduates, the latter are seen as useless. But I stand by my belief that **culture is more than just engineering.** To clarify, I firmly believe that any society which abandons non-applied science will be diminished on the long run. | Here are some:
* Golden Rule: I'd like my tuition to be paid even if I don't know whether it's profitable, and in return, I'd pay my share of someone else's tuition that I don't know will be profitable.
* Innovation means exploring every possibility, not just the ones that some rich CEO thinks are profitable. I think you don't have to explain why the most innovative societies are best in the long term.
* Cultural value doesn't mirror financial value. We pour money into the Large Hadron Collider (but not too much!) because we'd like to unravel the mysteries of the universe, not because it's profitable.
* A more economic argument: if someone would be otherwise unemployed, then the country loses nothing by paying them to work on some project with public utility. They're going to get food and housing one way or another - *someone* ends up paying for them, no matter what - so why not get some research in exchange? If you didn't pay for unemployed people in taxes, you'd pay for them in increased crime, for example. |
61,265 | I'm curious what kind of arguments one could give to justify to someone without a college education that they would have to pay for someone else's education that they themselves never received.
With majors where it's expected that people will be more capable of producing value than without such as with STEM majors the argument is that long term, they will be able to pay more taxes allowing the original taxpayer to retire more comfortably.
But that's less of an argument when its about a major that has no guarantee of a high paying position as a result of it. In fact you are losing out on tax revenue that they could have paid if they spent the same time working.
So how would one convince someone to pay for a less profitable major for someone else? | 2020/12/30 | [
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/61265",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/users/29677/"
] | There are answers about how all these unprofitable educations are actually profitable in a way. They're really answering the question by implicitly reframing as being about justifying funding education that is profitable, which makes an answer obvious...
There is no *objective*/rational justification to pay for something *objectively* unprofitable. However, not all decisions revolve around tangible, objective, or easily measurable things.
So the justification is that in the eyes of people doing the decisions for funding, these things are profitable for various reasons, which may come down to subjective personal preferences. | I do not personally believe it is justified for the government to subsidise such degrees, but those who do seem to justify it in the following ways:
* A more educated society indirectly benefits us all (supposedly, a more well-educated society will have less crime, elect better politicians, care more about global warming, justice system reforms...)
* A too narrow focus on STEM is not good, we need a holistic set of skills in society
* STEM is a hype, if we allow free market to allocate degrees we will end up with a lack of historians/philosophers in 10-20 years
One claim that is not factually wrong (just that two wrongs do not make a right) is to point out to the person you are convincing that they probably get a lot of benefits other people do not, for example their kids get educated while even people without kids pay for education, public roads are also funded by people that do not own cars or travel a lot, etc |
61,265 | I'm curious what kind of arguments one could give to justify to someone without a college education that they would have to pay for someone else's education that they themselves never received.
With majors where it's expected that people will be more capable of producing value than without such as with STEM majors the argument is that long term, they will be able to pay more taxes allowing the original taxpayer to retire more comfortably.
But that's less of an argument when its about a major that has no guarantee of a high paying position as a result of it. In fact you are losing out on tax revenue that they could have paid if they spent the same time working.
So how would one convince someone to pay for a less profitable major for someone else? | 2020/12/30 | [
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/61265",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/users/29677/"
] | Everyone benefits from an educated society.
People with an education, even in non STEM fields are more productive: Just ask Lawyers, Teachers, Advertisers, Designers, Business executives, HR professionals, and all the hundreds of other degree level jobs that exist. A degree, any degree, halves your chance of being unemployed.
People with an education are healthier, commit fewer crimes, and have higher levels of civic involvement. The individual benefits from being in a society where people are educated.
Indeed it is hard to find an indicator of personal or societal fulfilment that education doesn't enhance. | ### You don't.
A lot of the other answers have been suggested by other people here, with varying degrees of success, but noone's addressed the elephant in the room. You don't try to convince them to fund these degrees, because you don't need to fund them to begin with. When the government is funding the education sector, the government will fund the sections of it that it believes will improve the country's well-being, and that means that unprofitable and unneeded degrees like Fine Arts and English will have their funding cut so that it can be redirected to degrees that are tied to functions that the government values, such as STEM, Education, Nursing, Law, and similar degrees that are likely to lead to employment.
The fact of the matter is that any government has a finite amount of resources, and one of the primary jobs for them is resource allocation, and areas that the government deems less important will receive less resources. If you want to see this in action in the real world, look at how the Australian government [cut funding](https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/jun/19/australian-university-fees-arts-stem-science-maths-nursing-teaching-humanities) for Arts degrees to give it to (primarily) STEM degrees. |
235,721 | After flushing, the bowl on the toilet fills too high, nearly to the top before the tank does.
I do not know what to try first. | 2021/09/30 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/235721",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/142198/"
] | You have a partial drain blockage, probably in the S shaped toilet trap.
1. Wait. The things that go down toilets should disintegrate quickly in water. Sometimes they disintegrate slowly. People who are highly constipated or who use facial tissues instead of toilet paper can cause this. Sometimes waiting solves the problem. Other things don't disintegrate at all ... rags, sponges, tampons, etc ... then go on to #2.
2. Try a \*good \*plunger.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/wINvf.png)
3. Try a toilet snake
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Z9yKQ.png)
4. If those don't work, you have to remove the toilet from the floor an examine the trap. Look on youtube how to remove and replace a toilet or call a plumber if you're not comfortable with it, or if it is your only toilet.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5KchL.png) | Muriatic acid is a choice if a plunger doesn't work. I am not a fan of the toilet snake because sometimes it pushes the clog worse, and if you use enough force you can crack things and find out later.
Muriatic acid is some serious stuff. You need to be wearing gloves and eyewear and a mask but it is easy and quick. If the toilet is "full" you can just pour a cup of the acid directly in the toilet - don't splash it. As the water settles, flush. If it still won't go down keep adding a cup each time. Never had a toilet go past 3 tries and most in 1. Also the acid will make cleaning the toilet easier. |
154,083 | A few years back, Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai was created from a volcanic explosion:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/klkBu.jpg)
It has since solidified, and life is beginning to pop up all around the island.
Multiple scientists and some individuals have managed to venture out there.
My question is, how would one even begin to get there? It's already quite a trek just to get out to Tonga itself, let alone venturing out 30 or so km into the sea to a desolate island. | 2020/02/20 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/154083",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/99991/"
] | Private yacht.
COO of my previous company would sail from NZ to Fiji and back. Often people like this enjoy the company of another person on the boat.
So either...get your own yacht, train and learn how to sail..
or, charter one from Tonga, for a fee, presumably
or, on websites like findacrew.net, see if someone else might be interested in a similar trip, and you could share the cost in exchange for you say, cooking on the boat.
Hurry tho, estimates are that [it may only be around for 7-30 years](https://www.nzherald.co.nz/travel/news/article.cfm?c_id=7&objectid=12201025).
Could also try posting on a subreddit like [this person did on /r/sailing](https://www.reddit.com/r/sailing/comments/7j8smu/anyone_sailing_to_hunga_tongahung_haapai_first/), although it doesn't look like they had much luck. | You could look into doing the [SEA Semester Program](https://www.sea.edu/about_sea/why_sea). While there is no guarantee that Hunga Tonga would be included, according to [NASA](https://blogs.nasa.gov/earthexpeditions/2019/01/30/land-ho-visiting-a-young-island/), one of their ships, the SSV Robert C. Seamans, was among the ships to visit the island in October, 2018.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ba3Af.jpg)
The SSV Robert C. Seamans of SEA Semester program at Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai in October, 2018. Credit: Dan Slayback |
15,898 | Does it go to the Low Quality review or not?
This is related to flagging questions. For high rep user maybe VTD is a better option. | 2016/08/10 | [
"https://meta.askubuntu.com/questions/15898",
"https://meta.askubuntu.com",
"https://meta.askubuntu.com/users/167850/"
] | When you vote to delete a post, it gets added to this [queue](https://askubuntu.com/tools?tab=delete&daterange=today) that I am sure no one uses anymore. | When it gets required number of votes, it gets deleted. The required number is 3. Unless that answer is yours, in which case it will be deleted with just 1 vote of you. |
559,929 | I'm doing the build automation for a java app with ant. This is a client-server app which has many projects in eclipse. I would like to create a jar file for the client and one for the server, but since the class dependencies are all over the projects (in eclipse)... I had the idea to use a tool to automate the search for dependencies. I've been looking at [GenJar](http://genjar.sourceforge.net/) witch is almost all I need but it's not been updated in a while. So I would like to know if there are any other tools like this one, maybe Maven? | 2009/02/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/559929",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/24927/"
] | You may also try [FatJar](http://fjep.sourceforge.net/) | It kind of sounds like what you really want is a [WAR file](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_WAR_(file_format)). |
559,929 | I'm doing the build automation for a java app with ant. This is a client-server app which has many projects in eclipse. I would like to create a jar file for the client and one for the server, but since the class dependencies are all over the projects (in eclipse)... I had the idea to use a tool to automate the search for dependencies. I've been looking at [GenJar](http://genjar.sourceforge.net/) witch is almost all I need but it's not been updated in a while. So I would like to know if there are any other tools like this one, maybe Maven? | 2009/02/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/559929",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/24927/"
] | You may also try [FatJar](http://fjep.sourceforge.net/) | Personally I would go with Ant + [Apache Ivy](http://ant.apache.org/ivy/). Each project has its own build.xml file and publishes to a central Ivy repository. Other projects will simply download these dependencies as needed.
The advantage of having an Ant based build process is that you can very easily automate it and use a continuous server to build the entire product after each check-in. |
23,957 | I've seen some contention around the issue of whether or not wireless connections should be disabled in an environment where a wired domain and unregulated wireless network are both present.
What attack vectors and mitigation methods exist **specifically due to to having both network connections active at the same time, more specifically if the default route is set to the wireless**? I'm aware of the threats associated with wireless in general terms. | 2012/11/13 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/23957",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/4799/"
] | Edit (11/14): As far as I know, there are no significant risks to having both a wired and a wireless network connections open at the same time, beyond the risks implied by each one individually.
There *are* risks with having a machine connected to both an internal-only network and to the Internet: it partly defeats the purpose of having a firewall to separate your internal-only network from the outside Internet. The purpose of a firewall is to have a single chokepoint that controls the security perimeter. If you have a machine that's connected to both the inside and the outside, that machine now becomes part of the security perimeter. For instance, if that machine gets compromised, now your entire internal network is exposed to the attacker. For this reason, it's generally not recommended to connect machines to both networks.
If malware compromises this machine, the malware *could* set up a route like you mention -- but if malware compromises your machine, it could just directly start attacking your internal network without modifying any routes.
I want to emphasize again the importance of being clear in your mind about *which* aspect of the networks is relevant. For instance, in this case, I think the "wired + wireless" part is not a concern, but "internal-only + Internet-connected" part *is* a concern (and "not-under-your-control + under-your-control" would also be a concern). I don't know what you mean by "regulated", so I'm ignoring that aspect.
I don't think there's any need to go around creating/imposing some special restriction on your hosts to block access to wireless while they're connected to a wired network.
There *is* one mitigation I can mention to you, for consideration. One organization I'm familiar with has two separate internal networks: one network for non-mobile devices, and a second network for mobile devices (laptops, smartphones, etc.). The first network has full access to our internal servers, and only supported wired (not wireless) access. The second network has semi-limited access to some (but not all) internal services. It supports both wired and wireless access. All mobile devices (laptops, etc.) are automatically directed to the second network (even if they connect via Ethernet, they are still connected to the second network). The purpose of this mitigation is to reduce the spread of malware: empirically, sysadmins noticed that people would often take their mobile devices while traveling, get exposed to malware from some other network (e.g., at a hotel that doesn't have our firewalls), get infected, then bring their device back home and connect to one of the internal networks and infect other internal machines. This isolated-network design is intended to slow down the spread of such malware. Today, it might not be as effective or realistic, but it's something you could consider. However, the best way to mitigate your risks will likely depend intimately upon your particular business and your particular situation.
---
My earlier answer to the original question:
This question is confusing. It seems to me you are confusing/conflating several different concepts:
* Communication medium: wired vs wireless.
* Connectivity: an internal-only network (that can't reach the external Internet) vs a network that's connected to the Internet.
* Administrative control: a network under your organization's control, vs one that is not.
These are independent features. They're not tied to each other. Your question seems to start from a faulty premise: it seems to equate, e.g., wireless with "not under your administrative control and connected to the Internet" while equating wired with "internal-only and under your control". If that is truly what you were thinking, it is a misconception. You can have a wireless network that is either under your administrative control, or not; and is either connected to the external Internet, or is not. You need to analyze the effect of each of these aspects separately.
Each independent axis affects the risk in a different way:
* A wireless medium is potentially riskier, because it enables eavesdropping, interception, and message injection by anyone who is within radio range. This risk can be mitigated or eliminated by using proper security, e.g., WPA2 with a strong key.
* Internet connectivity adds risk, because there is the potential that people visit a malicious site and get attacked (or otherwise are attacked by malicious entities on the external Internet). This risk can be somewhat mitigated by using firewalls, endpoint protection, and device hardening, but only to a limited extent.
* Use of a network outside of your administrative control adds risk.
So, what should you do? You should figure out what your business requirements and needs are. You should identify what the threats and risks associated with the networks are. Then, based upon a cost-benefit analysis, identify controls to mitigate those risks so the risk is at an acceptable level, given your business's requirements and risk tolerance. Saying anything more specific will depend heavily upon your particular organization and your particular situation. | If you're not using the wireless network, then it should be disabled. If you're in an environment where you don't want intruders on your network, then it's a good idea to disable your wireless network. If an attacker gets onto your wireless network, the implications are about the same as if he got onto your wired network, since the two are typically bridged.
If you would like to provide wireless access but are afraid for the security of your wired network, then don't directly connect the two; but each on a separate network segment connected only by a properly-configured firewall. |
23,957 | I've seen some contention around the issue of whether or not wireless connections should be disabled in an environment where a wired domain and unregulated wireless network are both present.
What attack vectors and mitigation methods exist **specifically due to to having both network connections active at the same time, more specifically if the default route is set to the wireless**? I'm aware of the threats associated with wireless in general terms. | 2012/11/13 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/23957",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/4799/"
] | If you're not using the wireless network, then it should be disabled. If you're in an environment where you don't want intruders on your network, then it's a good idea to disable your wireless network. If an attacker gets onto your wireless network, the implications are about the same as if he got onto your wired network, since the two are typically bridged.
If you would like to provide wireless access but are afraid for the security of your wired network, then don't directly connect the two; but each on a separate network segment connected only by a properly-configured firewall. | I'm afraid I must disagree with @D.W. I have advised all of my clients to disable Split Tunnelling[1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewalk_%28computing%29). Split tunnelling essentially ensures that high risk traffic will follow the less secure route. Flipping the statement the other way, split tunnelling provides the attacker an easier path to your network. That means you're almost certainly wasting money on the controls & mitigations you're applying to the higher path. (I'm going to assert that unless you're spending a whole lot of $$ on ensuring that the security mechanisms on both routes are in synchrony, then they aren't synchronized).
Close corrollary to that - you've got two interfaces, and I'm going to attack the weaker of those interfaces. Long ago when I cared about denial of service there were a couple that worked only on specific interfaces, or places where the specific configuration of the network interface greatly enabled/inhibited the attack. Two interfaces doubles the chance that I'll find an interface specific attack vector.
At a far simpler level, you've doubled the communications vectors which will come close to doubling the cost of establishing a security perimeter - you've got to implement two security perimeters on two separate network routes, with different mechanisms. The precise cost will depend on how much of the infrastructure is shared.
I'd actually love to have the chance to [firewalk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewalk_%28computing%29) this network; I suspect the initial attempts would be confusing, but once I realized what was going on, the dual route would provide a fascinating insight. Some people don't consider that to be an attack vector, since the adversary is merely generating strategic information, but in my opinion your network will be administered by the most knowledgeable administrator - if you yield the strategic high ground, your adversary may replace you as the network admin.
You asked for attack vectors, not practical attack vectors, so I will provide a couple from the more esoteric realms of theory. These attacks would probably only be employed by targeted attackers, not by opportunistic attackers.
1. You're creating a number of covert channels; off the top of my head I'm not sure how I'd exploit those covert channels, and I have to admit that I'm not aware of any significant attacks on covert channels in the real world.
2. I suspect that there is an opportunity to bypass your security mechanisms (Intrusion Detection Systems) through clever fragmentation of packets. If I split my attack into tiny fragments, wrap each fragment in a packet and transmit the packets alternately on each interface, then I can arrange for them to be reassbled on the far end. Depending on the exact architecture of your IDS, the IDS may never see the attack signature. (this is a variation of known fragmentation attacks).
I need more information about your proposed scenario before I can go further than that. |
23,957 | I've seen some contention around the issue of whether or not wireless connections should be disabled in an environment where a wired domain and unregulated wireless network are both present.
What attack vectors and mitigation methods exist **specifically due to to having both network connections active at the same time, more specifically if the default route is set to the wireless**? I'm aware of the threats associated with wireless in general terms. | 2012/11/13 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/23957",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/4799/"
] | Edit (11/14): As far as I know, there are no significant risks to having both a wired and a wireless network connections open at the same time, beyond the risks implied by each one individually.
There *are* risks with having a machine connected to both an internal-only network and to the Internet: it partly defeats the purpose of having a firewall to separate your internal-only network from the outside Internet. The purpose of a firewall is to have a single chokepoint that controls the security perimeter. If you have a machine that's connected to both the inside and the outside, that machine now becomes part of the security perimeter. For instance, if that machine gets compromised, now your entire internal network is exposed to the attacker. For this reason, it's generally not recommended to connect machines to both networks.
If malware compromises this machine, the malware *could* set up a route like you mention -- but if malware compromises your machine, it could just directly start attacking your internal network without modifying any routes.
I want to emphasize again the importance of being clear in your mind about *which* aspect of the networks is relevant. For instance, in this case, I think the "wired + wireless" part is not a concern, but "internal-only + Internet-connected" part *is* a concern (and "not-under-your-control + under-your-control" would also be a concern). I don't know what you mean by "regulated", so I'm ignoring that aspect.
I don't think there's any need to go around creating/imposing some special restriction on your hosts to block access to wireless while they're connected to a wired network.
There *is* one mitigation I can mention to you, for consideration. One organization I'm familiar with has two separate internal networks: one network for non-mobile devices, and a second network for mobile devices (laptops, smartphones, etc.). The first network has full access to our internal servers, and only supported wired (not wireless) access. The second network has semi-limited access to some (but not all) internal services. It supports both wired and wireless access. All mobile devices (laptops, etc.) are automatically directed to the second network (even if they connect via Ethernet, they are still connected to the second network). The purpose of this mitigation is to reduce the spread of malware: empirically, sysadmins noticed that people would often take their mobile devices while traveling, get exposed to malware from some other network (e.g., at a hotel that doesn't have our firewalls), get infected, then bring their device back home and connect to one of the internal networks and infect other internal machines. This isolated-network design is intended to slow down the spread of such malware. Today, it might not be as effective or realistic, but it's something you could consider. However, the best way to mitigate your risks will likely depend intimately upon your particular business and your particular situation.
---
My earlier answer to the original question:
This question is confusing. It seems to me you are confusing/conflating several different concepts:
* Communication medium: wired vs wireless.
* Connectivity: an internal-only network (that can't reach the external Internet) vs a network that's connected to the Internet.
* Administrative control: a network under your organization's control, vs one that is not.
These are independent features. They're not tied to each other. Your question seems to start from a faulty premise: it seems to equate, e.g., wireless with "not under your administrative control and connected to the Internet" while equating wired with "internal-only and under your control". If that is truly what you were thinking, it is a misconception. You can have a wireless network that is either under your administrative control, or not; and is either connected to the external Internet, or is not. You need to analyze the effect of each of these aspects separately.
Each independent axis affects the risk in a different way:
* A wireless medium is potentially riskier, because it enables eavesdropping, interception, and message injection by anyone who is within radio range. This risk can be mitigated or eliminated by using proper security, e.g., WPA2 with a strong key.
* Internet connectivity adds risk, because there is the potential that people visit a malicious site and get attacked (or otherwise are attacked by malicious entities on the external Internet). This risk can be somewhat mitigated by using firewalls, endpoint protection, and device hardening, but only to a limited extent.
* Use of a network outside of your administrative control adds risk.
So, what should you do? You should figure out what your business requirements and needs are. You should identify what the threats and risks associated with the networks are. Then, based upon a cost-benefit analysis, identify controls to mitigate those risks so the risk is at an acceptable level, given your business's requirements and risk tolerance. Saying anything more specific will depend heavily upon your particular organization and your particular situation. | I'm afraid I must disagree with @D.W. I have advised all of my clients to disable Split Tunnelling[1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewalk_%28computing%29). Split tunnelling essentially ensures that high risk traffic will follow the less secure route. Flipping the statement the other way, split tunnelling provides the attacker an easier path to your network. That means you're almost certainly wasting money on the controls & mitigations you're applying to the higher path. (I'm going to assert that unless you're spending a whole lot of $$ on ensuring that the security mechanisms on both routes are in synchrony, then they aren't synchronized).
Close corrollary to that - you've got two interfaces, and I'm going to attack the weaker of those interfaces. Long ago when I cared about denial of service there were a couple that worked only on specific interfaces, or places where the specific configuration of the network interface greatly enabled/inhibited the attack. Two interfaces doubles the chance that I'll find an interface specific attack vector.
At a far simpler level, you've doubled the communications vectors which will come close to doubling the cost of establishing a security perimeter - you've got to implement two security perimeters on two separate network routes, with different mechanisms. The precise cost will depend on how much of the infrastructure is shared.
I'd actually love to have the chance to [firewalk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewalk_%28computing%29) this network; I suspect the initial attempts would be confusing, but once I realized what was going on, the dual route would provide a fascinating insight. Some people don't consider that to be an attack vector, since the adversary is merely generating strategic information, but in my opinion your network will be administered by the most knowledgeable administrator - if you yield the strategic high ground, your adversary may replace you as the network admin.
You asked for attack vectors, not practical attack vectors, so I will provide a couple from the more esoteric realms of theory. These attacks would probably only be employed by targeted attackers, not by opportunistic attackers.
1. You're creating a number of covert channels; off the top of my head I'm not sure how I'd exploit those covert channels, and I have to admit that I'm not aware of any significant attacks on covert channels in the real world.
2. I suspect that there is an opportunity to bypass your security mechanisms (Intrusion Detection Systems) through clever fragmentation of packets. If I split my attack into tiny fragments, wrap each fragment in a packet and transmit the packets alternately on each interface, then I can arrange for them to be reassbled on the far end. Depending on the exact architecture of your IDS, the IDS may never see the attack signature. (this is a variation of known fragmentation attacks).
I need more information about your proposed scenario before I can go further than that. |
153,980 | From my textbook:
>
> I wish the earthquake never happened.
>
>
>
>
> Answer key: I wish the earthquake had never happened.
>
>
>
Can I say the following sentence?
>
> I wish (that) the earthquake didn't happen.
>
>
>
If I could, what's the difference between them?
>
> I wish (that) the earthquake hadn't happened.
>
>
>
>
> I wish (that) the earthquake didn't happen.
>
>
> | 2018/01/18 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/153980",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/66859/"
] | "I wish the earthquake didn't happen" will sound incorrect to native speakers of English, because *did/do* is not used as a subjunctive verb in English, but *had* is very commonly used for subjunctive statements. This may be confusing, because *had* is also used for non-subjunctive statements (the past tense of *have*): "I had not considered leaving before the earthquake hit." which could also correctly be said as: "I did not consider leaving before the earthquake hit."
"I'm glad the earthquake didn't happen" is valid, because it would express a matter of fact (if that were true). But since the earthquake DID happen, then any reference to it not happening is hypothetical or unreal, which is what the subjunctive mood conveys: what *might* have been.
One might also correctly say:
* "I wish I had left town before the earthquake" - because one did NOT in fact leave
* "I'm glad I did leave town before the earthquake" - because one DID in fact leave
* "I wish I hadn't stayed in town on that day"
* "It's good that I didn't stay in town"
* "I wish the earthquake would not have happened" - using a modal verb *would* to say the same thing
Notice the pattern: "I wish..." always employs the subjunctive mood, because it is speaking of a hypothetical or imaginary situation that is not real or true right now, especially speaking of the past.
In summary: *did/didn't* refers to actual, real events or matters of fact, and *had/hadn't* often refers to potential but unreal events which are desired or hypothetical. | The 1st sentence is in the Past perfect and the 2nd in Past simple.Difference between these two tenses is of the time frame.
When you narrate, in the present, an event that happened somewhere before i.e. in the past, you would use **Past Simple**. Whereas, **Past perfect** is used when you talk about an event that was completed before some specific point in the past.
For a better understanding of the diff between the two, you can visit here:
<https://www.grammarly.com/blog/past-perfect/>
In your question,
the first one implies that you wish that an earthquake which happened somewhere in the past, the effects of which have settled, had not happened. There is some point of time between the happening of earthquake and your narrating of the event.
Use of Did Not implies that you are talking about a recent event.
Both of the sentences are grammatically correct. Which tense you choose would depend on the context and the time frame in which the main events are set in. There is no distinction when the sentences are taken out of context in the way it is done in this question.
For further clarification, read the answer to this similar question:
[What is the difference between Past simple and Past perfect](https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/153776/what-is-the-difference-between-past-simple-and-past-perfect) |
153,980 | From my textbook:
>
> I wish the earthquake never happened.
>
>
>
>
> Answer key: I wish the earthquake had never happened.
>
>
>
Can I say the following sentence?
>
> I wish (that) the earthquake didn't happen.
>
>
>
If I could, what's the difference between them?
>
> I wish (that) the earthquake hadn't happened.
>
>
>
>
> I wish (that) the earthquake didn't happen.
>
>
> | 2018/01/18 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/153980",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/66859/"
] | "I wish the earthquake didn't happen" will sound incorrect to native speakers of English, because *did/do* is not used as a subjunctive verb in English, but *had* is very commonly used for subjunctive statements. This may be confusing, because *had* is also used for non-subjunctive statements (the past tense of *have*): "I had not considered leaving before the earthquake hit." which could also correctly be said as: "I did not consider leaving before the earthquake hit."
"I'm glad the earthquake didn't happen" is valid, because it would express a matter of fact (if that were true). But since the earthquake DID happen, then any reference to it not happening is hypothetical or unreal, which is what the subjunctive mood conveys: what *might* have been.
One might also correctly say:
* "I wish I had left town before the earthquake" - because one did NOT in fact leave
* "I'm glad I did leave town before the earthquake" - because one DID in fact leave
* "I wish I hadn't stayed in town on that day"
* "It's good that I didn't stay in town"
* "I wish the earthquake would not have happened" - using a modal verb *would* to say the same thing
Notice the pattern: "I wish..." always employs the subjunctive mood, because it is speaking of a hypothetical or imaginary situation that is not real or true right now, especially speaking of the past.
In summary: *did/didn't* refers to actual, real events or matters of fact, and *had/hadn't* often refers to potential but unreal events which are desired or hypothetical. | **Wish + that-clause**
>
> We use wish with a that-clause when we regret or are sorry that things
> are not different. We imagine a different past or present. [(Cambridge Dictionary, from English Grammar Today](https://www.google.com/amp/s/dictionary.cambridge.org/amp/british-grammar/wish)
>
>
>
**Wish + verb forms in the that-clause**
We use a simple past verb form in the 'that-clause' after 'wish' for present and future meanings.
When we wish something about the past, we use the past perfect in the 'that-clause' after 'wish'.
>
> I wish (that) we had a bigger car. (= We don't have a bigger car.)
>
>
> I wish (that) she hadn't known about it. (=But she knew about it.)
>
>
>
The difference between the OP's sentences is:
>
> I wish (that) the earthquake hadn't happened. (= I feel sad that it
> happened.)
>
>
> I wish (that) the earthquake didn't happen. (= I feel sad that it
> happens or will happen.)
>
>
> |
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