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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
14,061 | Ok, so with ArcGIS 10, ESRI has depricated 'Address Standardizing' in the new locators, I know you can still use the 9.3.1 locators to do this; but I heavily suspect that after the 10.1 version we will see this available less and less.
The [FGDC Addressing Standard](http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/street-address) places a heavy value on good addresses having the Prefix, Prefix-Direction, Street-Name, Suffix, Suffic-Direction values for a good clean form. And my agency has a need for the same.
Are there other tools out there that people are using to take structured addresses and parse them out fairly-reliably so they can be stored? Are any of them free?
---
\**Update:*\*I came across [this on CodePlex (US Address Parser)](http://usaddress.codeplex.com/) and it has given me a really good jumping off point. Its really nice in that its managed code that I can use all over the place and so far it has had a very high sucess rate at breaking down parts to be reviewed line by line and part by part. | 2011/08/26 | [
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/14061",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/users/2746/"
] | I work in the address verification field, actually (a company called [SmartyStreets](https://smartystreets.com)) -- where we do postal address verification (in the United States).
You'll need a CASS-Certified vendor of address data. These companies' software has been approved by the USPS to append missing information onto an address and return accurate results. One such service is [US Street Address API](https://smartystreets.com/products/apis/us-street-api) -- or if you have a list of addresses, there's the [Bulk Address Validation Tool](https://smartystreets.com/products/list) -- which will give you the information you need. Both are free to an extent, but pretty affordable after that.
In ArcGIS, I believe the LiveAddress API can be implemented programmatically. Alternatively, a list of addresses can be exported to a spreadsheet or CSV and uploaded into the list scrubbing service. | Yes there are tools, free would depend on where your addresses are located.
There are many not free address scrubbers licensed by the USPS. One of the ones I use is [ZP4](http://www.semaphorecorp.com/cgi/zp4.html). I find the input and output to be flexible based on how you store your data currently and how you would like to store your data in the future.
You can choose to output your data, for those addresses which match to deliverable addresses within the USPS data, into 7 fragments. These fragments correspond to house number, predirection, street name, street suffix, postdirection, apartment unit abbreviation, and apartment number. It is the lease expensive solution I have found. |
14,061 | Ok, so with ArcGIS 10, ESRI has depricated 'Address Standardizing' in the new locators, I know you can still use the 9.3.1 locators to do this; but I heavily suspect that after the 10.1 version we will see this available less and less.
The [FGDC Addressing Standard](http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/street-address) places a heavy value on good addresses having the Prefix, Prefix-Direction, Street-Name, Suffix, Suffic-Direction values for a good clean form. And my agency has a need for the same.
Are there other tools out there that people are using to take structured addresses and parse them out fairly-reliably so they can be stored? Are any of them free?
---
\**Update:*\*I came across [this on CodePlex (US Address Parser)](http://usaddress.codeplex.com/) and it has given me a really good jumping off point. Its really nice in that its managed code that I can use all over the place and so far it has had a very high sucess rate at breaking down parts to be reviewed line by line and part by part. | 2011/08/26 | [
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/14061",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/users/2746/"
] | Parsing of an address is a complicated process, as I'm sure you are well aware.
Using ZIP+4 data from the USPS, you can determine if a street exists within a given city/state/zip code. You can even verify that a primary number (house number) falls within the correct ZIP+4 range. Adjusting city names and street names to correct for spelling issues is also possible using spelling lists as well as "sounds like" matching. Taking an address and parsing it into the individual components and then comparing it against a database of known addresses is the only way to know that the parsing has been done correctly.
Knowing that an address fits within the assigned area and knowing that it is a real and deliverable address are distinct objectives. The first, address approximation, is something that Google Maps does very well. However, it is just that, approximation. Google Maps doesn't let you know if the address is actually deliverable, they show you where it would lie on the map if it were real. This is immensely valuable from a mapping standpoint and they have varying degrees of accuracy.
Certainly the USPS database has flaws (many of them) but they are also certainly more accurate and correct than any other single database of US addresses and it's that degree of accuracy (and the fact that it is constantly updated) that we rely on.
I also work at SmartyStreets and wanted to add to the conversation. If you need to validate fewer than 250 addresses per month, the API is free. If your organization is a [nonprofit](https://smartystreets.com/free-address-verification/) group, the service is completely free with no limits. | Yes there are tools, free would depend on where your addresses are located.
There are many not free address scrubbers licensed by the USPS. One of the ones I use is [ZP4](http://www.semaphorecorp.com/cgi/zp4.html). I find the input and output to be flexible based on how you store your data currently and how you would like to store your data in the future.
You can choose to output your data, for those addresses which match to deliverable addresses within the USPS data, into 7 fragments. These fragments correspond to house number, predirection, street name, street suffix, postdirection, apartment unit abbreviation, and apartment number. It is the lease expensive solution I have found. |
14,061 | Ok, so with ArcGIS 10, ESRI has depricated 'Address Standardizing' in the new locators, I know you can still use the 9.3.1 locators to do this; but I heavily suspect that after the 10.1 version we will see this available less and less.
The [FGDC Addressing Standard](http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/street-address) places a heavy value on good addresses having the Prefix, Prefix-Direction, Street-Name, Suffix, Suffic-Direction values for a good clean form. And my agency has a need for the same.
Are there other tools out there that people are using to take structured addresses and parse them out fairly-reliably so they can be stored? Are any of them free?
---
\**Update:*\*I came across [this on CodePlex (US Address Parser)](http://usaddress.codeplex.com/) and it has given me a really good jumping off point. Its really nice in that its managed code that I can use all over the place and so far it has had a very high sucess rate at breaking down parts to be reviewed line by line and part by part. | 2011/08/26 | [
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/14061",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/users/2746/"
] | Yes there are tools, free would depend on where your addresses are located.
There are many not free address scrubbers licensed by the USPS. One of the ones I use is [ZP4](http://www.semaphorecorp.com/cgi/zp4.html). I find the input and output to be flexible based on how you store your data currently and how you would like to store your data in the future.
You can choose to output your data, for those addresses which match to deliverable addresses within the USPS data, into 7 fragments. These fragments correspond to house number, predirection, street name, street suffix, postdirection, apartment unit abbreviation, and apartment number. It is the lease expensive solution I have found. | Another option for US based addresses is [YAddress](http://www.yaddress.net). It also corrects and validates the address before splitting it into components. (I work for the company that makes it.) |
14,061 | Ok, so with ArcGIS 10, ESRI has depricated 'Address Standardizing' in the new locators, I know you can still use the 9.3.1 locators to do this; but I heavily suspect that after the 10.1 version we will see this available less and less.
The [FGDC Addressing Standard](http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/street-address) places a heavy value on good addresses having the Prefix, Prefix-Direction, Street-Name, Suffix, Suffic-Direction values for a good clean form. And my agency has a need for the same.
Are there other tools out there that people are using to take structured addresses and parse them out fairly-reliably so they can be stored? Are any of them free?
---
\**Update:*\*I came across [this on CodePlex (US Address Parser)](http://usaddress.codeplex.com/) and it has given me a really good jumping off point. Its really nice in that its managed code that I can use all over the place and so far it has had a very high sucess rate at breaking down parts to be reviewed line by line and part by part. | 2011/08/26 | [
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/14061",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/users/2746/"
] | Parsing of an address is a complicated process, as I'm sure you are well aware.
Using ZIP+4 data from the USPS, you can determine if a street exists within a given city/state/zip code. You can even verify that a primary number (house number) falls within the correct ZIP+4 range. Adjusting city names and street names to correct for spelling issues is also possible using spelling lists as well as "sounds like" matching. Taking an address and parsing it into the individual components and then comparing it against a database of known addresses is the only way to know that the parsing has been done correctly.
Knowing that an address fits within the assigned area and knowing that it is a real and deliverable address are distinct objectives. The first, address approximation, is something that Google Maps does very well. However, it is just that, approximation. Google Maps doesn't let you know if the address is actually deliverable, they show you where it would lie on the map if it were real. This is immensely valuable from a mapping standpoint and they have varying degrees of accuracy.
Certainly the USPS database has flaws (many of them) but they are also certainly more accurate and correct than any other single database of US addresses and it's that degree of accuracy (and the fact that it is constantly updated) that we rely on.
I also work at SmartyStreets and wanted to add to the conversation. If you need to validate fewer than 250 addresses per month, the API is free. If your organization is a [nonprofit](https://smartystreets.com/free-address-verification/) group, the service is completely free with no limits. | I work in the address verification field, actually (a company called [SmartyStreets](https://smartystreets.com)) -- where we do postal address verification (in the United States).
You'll need a CASS-Certified vendor of address data. These companies' software has been approved by the USPS to append missing information onto an address and return accurate results. One such service is [US Street Address API](https://smartystreets.com/products/apis/us-street-api) -- or if you have a list of addresses, there's the [Bulk Address Validation Tool](https://smartystreets.com/products/list) -- which will give you the information you need. Both are free to an extent, but pretty affordable after that.
In ArcGIS, I believe the LiveAddress API can be implemented programmatically. Alternatively, a list of addresses can be exported to a spreadsheet or CSV and uploaded into the list scrubbing service. |
14,061 | Ok, so with ArcGIS 10, ESRI has depricated 'Address Standardizing' in the new locators, I know you can still use the 9.3.1 locators to do this; but I heavily suspect that after the 10.1 version we will see this available less and less.
The [FGDC Addressing Standard](http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/street-address) places a heavy value on good addresses having the Prefix, Prefix-Direction, Street-Name, Suffix, Suffic-Direction values for a good clean form. And my agency has a need for the same.
Are there other tools out there that people are using to take structured addresses and parse them out fairly-reliably so they can be stored? Are any of them free?
---
\**Update:*\*I came across [this on CodePlex (US Address Parser)](http://usaddress.codeplex.com/) and it has given me a really good jumping off point. Its really nice in that its managed code that I can use all over the place and so far it has had a very high sucess rate at breaking down parts to be reviewed line by line and part by part. | 2011/08/26 | [
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/14061",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/users/2746/"
] | I work in the address verification field, actually (a company called [SmartyStreets](https://smartystreets.com)) -- where we do postal address verification (in the United States).
You'll need a CASS-Certified vendor of address data. These companies' software has been approved by the USPS to append missing information onto an address and return accurate results. One such service is [US Street Address API](https://smartystreets.com/products/apis/us-street-api) -- or if you have a list of addresses, there's the [Bulk Address Validation Tool](https://smartystreets.com/products/list) -- which will give you the information you need. Both are free to an extent, but pretty affordable after that.
In ArcGIS, I believe the LiveAddress API can be implemented programmatically. Alternatively, a list of addresses can be exported to a spreadsheet or CSV and uploaded into the list scrubbing service. | I have had great success using the us address parser library. I built a python tool that uses the library to create the parsed out address fields. <https://github.com/datamade/usaddress> |
14,061 | Ok, so with ArcGIS 10, ESRI has depricated 'Address Standardizing' in the new locators, I know you can still use the 9.3.1 locators to do this; but I heavily suspect that after the 10.1 version we will see this available less and less.
The [FGDC Addressing Standard](http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/street-address) places a heavy value on good addresses having the Prefix, Prefix-Direction, Street-Name, Suffix, Suffic-Direction values for a good clean form. And my agency has a need for the same.
Are there other tools out there that people are using to take structured addresses and parse them out fairly-reliably so they can be stored? Are any of them free?
---
\**Update:*\*I came across [this on CodePlex (US Address Parser)](http://usaddress.codeplex.com/) and it has given me a really good jumping off point. Its really nice in that its managed code that I can use all over the place and so far it has had a very high sucess rate at breaking down parts to be reviewed line by line and part by part. | 2011/08/26 | [
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/14061",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/users/2746/"
] | I work in the address verification field, actually (a company called [SmartyStreets](https://smartystreets.com)) -- where we do postal address verification (in the United States).
You'll need a CASS-Certified vendor of address data. These companies' software has been approved by the USPS to append missing information onto an address and return accurate results. One such service is [US Street Address API](https://smartystreets.com/products/apis/us-street-api) -- or if you have a list of addresses, there's the [Bulk Address Validation Tool](https://smartystreets.com/products/list) -- which will give you the information you need. Both are free to an extent, but pretty affordable after that.
In ArcGIS, I believe the LiveAddress API can be implemented programmatically. Alternatively, a list of addresses can be exported to a spreadsheet or CSV and uploaded into the list scrubbing service. | Another option for US based addresses is [YAddress](http://www.yaddress.net). It also corrects and validates the address before splitting it into components. (I work for the company that makes it.) |
14,061 | Ok, so with ArcGIS 10, ESRI has depricated 'Address Standardizing' in the new locators, I know you can still use the 9.3.1 locators to do this; but I heavily suspect that after the 10.1 version we will see this available less and less.
The [FGDC Addressing Standard](http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/street-address) places a heavy value on good addresses having the Prefix, Prefix-Direction, Street-Name, Suffix, Suffic-Direction values for a good clean form. And my agency has a need for the same.
Are there other tools out there that people are using to take structured addresses and parse them out fairly-reliably so they can be stored? Are any of them free?
---
\**Update:*\*I came across [this on CodePlex (US Address Parser)](http://usaddress.codeplex.com/) and it has given me a really good jumping off point. Its really nice in that its managed code that I can use all over the place and so far it has had a very high sucess rate at breaking down parts to be reviewed line by line and part by part. | 2011/08/26 | [
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/14061",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/users/2746/"
] | Parsing of an address is a complicated process, as I'm sure you are well aware.
Using ZIP+4 data from the USPS, you can determine if a street exists within a given city/state/zip code. You can even verify that a primary number (house number) falls within the correct ZIP+4 range. Adjusting city names and street names to correct for spelling issues is also possible using spelling lists as well as "sounds like" matching. Taking an address and parsing it into the individual components and then comparing it against a database of known addresses is the only way to know that the parsing has been done correctly.
Knowing that an address fits within the assigned area and knowing that it is a real and deliverable address are distinct objectives. The first, address approximation, is something that Google Maps does very well. However, it is just that, approximation. Google Maps doesn't let you know if the address is actually deliverable, they show you where it would lie on the map if it were real. This is immensely valuable from a mapping standpoint and they have varying degrees of accuracy.
Certainly the USPS database has flaws (many of them) but they are also certainly more accurate and correct than any other single database of US addresses and it's that degree of accuracy (and the fact that it is constantly updated) that we rely on.
I also work at SmartyStreets and wanted to add to the conversation. If you need to validate fewer than 250 addresses per month, the API is free. If your organization is a [nonprofit](https://smartystreets.com/free-address-verification/) group, the service is completely free with no limits. | I have had great success using the us address parser library. I built a python tool that uses the library to create the parsed out address fields. <https://github.com/datamade/usaddress> |
14,061 | Ok, so with ArcGIS 10, ESRI has depricated 'Address Standardizing' in the new locators, I know you can still use the 9.3.1 locators to do this; but I heavily suspect that after the 10.1 version we will see this available less and less.
The [FGDC Addressing Standard](http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/street-address) places a heavy value on good addresses having the Prefix, Prefix-Direction, Street-Name, Suffix, Suffic-Direction values for a good clean form. And my agency has a need for the same.
Are there other tools out there that people are using to take structured addresses and parse them out fairly-reliably so they can be stored? Are any of them free?
---
\**Update:*\*I came across [this on CodePlex (US Address Parser)](http://usaddress.codeplex.com/) and it has given me a really good jumping off point. Its really nice in that its managed code that I can use all over the place and so far it has had a very high sucess rate at breaking down parts to be reviewed line by line and part by part. | 2011/08/26 | [
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/14061",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/users/2746/"
] | Parsing of an address is a complicated process, as I'm sure you are well aware.
Using ZIP+4 data from the USPS, you can determine if a street exists within a given city/state/zip code. You can even verify that a primary number (house number) falls within the correct ZIP+4 range. Adjusting city names and street names to correct for spelling issues is also possible using spelling lists as well as "sounds like" matching. Taking an address and parsing it into the individual components and then comparing it against a database of known addresses is the only way to know that the parsing has been done correctly.
Knowing that an address fits within the assigned area and knowing that it is a real and deliverable address are distinct objectives. The first, address approximation, is something that Google Maps does very well. However, it is just that, approximation. Google Maps doesn't let you know if the address is actually deliverable, they show you where it would lie on the map if it were real. This is immensely valuable from a mapping standpoint and they have varying degrees of accuracy.
Certainly the USPS database has flaws (many of them) but they are also certainly more accurate and correct than any other single database of US addresses and it's that degree of accuracy (and the fact that it is constantly updated) that we rely on.
I also work at SmartyStreets and wanted to add to the conversation. If you need to validate fewer than 250 addresses per month, the API is free. If your organization is a [nonprofit](https://smartystreets.com/free-address-verification/) group, the service is completely free with no limits. | Another option for US based addresses is [YAddress](http://www.yaddress.net). It also corrects and validates the address before splitting it into components. (I work for the company that makes it.) |
14,061 | Ok, so with ArcGIS 10, ESRI has depricated 'Address Standardizing' in the new locators, I know you can still use the 9.3.1 locators to do this; but I heavily suspect that after the 10.1 version we will see this available less and less.
The [FGDC Addressing Standard](http://www.fgdc.gov/standards/projects/FGDC-standards-projects/street-address) places a heavy value on good addresses having the Prefix, Prefix-Direction, Street-Name, Suffix, Suffic-Direction values for a good clean form. And my agency has a need for the same.
Are there other tools out there that people are using to take structured addresses and parse them out fairly-reliably so they can be stored? Are any of them free?
---
\**Update:*\*I came across [this on CodePlex (US Address Parser)](http://usaddress.codeplex.com/) and it has given me a really good jumping off point. Its really nice in that its managed code that I can use all over the place and so far it has had a very high sucess rate at breaking down parts to be reviewed line by line and part by part. | 2011/08/26 | [
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/14061",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/users/2746/"
] | I have had great success using the us address parser library. I built a python tool that uses the library to create the parsed out address fields. <https://github.com/datamade/usaddress> | Another option for US based addresses is [YAddress](http://www.yaddress.net). It also corrects and validates the address before splitting it into components. (I work for the company that makes it.) |
14,218 | I came across a paper, not sure it originated from academia or a blog or such, that reported on applying principal components to build currency baskets from a set of individual currency pairs and to identify driving currencies. When I use the term basket then I mean a collection of individual cash fx pairs and to relate them linearly or non-linearly through different aggregator functions and weights. I am not talking about basket options here.
Has anyone come across such literature/paper/treatise/blog? I have spent a considerable amount of time in this area and only skimmed through that particular article, thought I had it bookmarked but apparently lost it. I am very interested in other related literature as well.
Thanks | 2014/07/30 | [
"https://quant.stackexchange.com/questions/14218",
"https://quant.stackexchange.com",
"https://quant.stackexchange.com/users/2114/"
] | Perhaps [this paper](http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2400219) by Hyun Woo Byun and coauthors is what you're looking for: *Using a Principal Component Analysis to develop Multi-Currency Trading algorithms in the FX market*
They apply principal component analysis to a currency basket of 9 pairs with a 2 month rolling window. In a second step, various techniques (logistic regression, decision trees, neural networks) are used to make a predictions of the first PCA component, using technical indicators as predictors. | Try the BIS, they are the experts in this area. <http://www.bis.org/statistics/eer/>
There are two papers there which explain the methodology behind their currency indices. |
219,480 | Is there any way to bake a texture that I generated for Displace modifier? Or any way to recreate it one to one in the shader editor? I need to make a few fixes (to redraw it a bit) and also use it for generating my color map. Thanks T\_T | 2021/04/14 | [
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/questions/219480",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/users/104331/"
] | Select your object and click the spanner/wrench in the properties sidebar and then the Add Modifier dropdown:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VHgJ6.jpg)
The Solidifer and Subdivision Surface entries are arrowed below:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/2l2Ez.jpg) | As methaphor\_set commented totally right:
The modifier list is based on the object type.
So e.g. a lattice does not have a subdivision surface modifier.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/6TWHJ.png)
a light has no modifiers at all
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/U4dRE.png)
so you should improve your question and tell us which object you have selected. |
34,555 | As an extension to my question about the ["phonetic languages"](https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/questions/34530/what-is-a-phonetic-language) I'd like to open a topic about the writing systems. As far as I understand the Chinese writing system has literally no connection at all with the pronunciation of the words and practically it is like mathematical symbols that have the same meaning in every language (for instance "empty set / nothing - ∅", "sum - ∑", "not equal - ≠", "for all - ∀"...). So I'm curious if it is possible a writer A who knows only language A to write a text using Chinese symbols (or even Egyptian hieroglyphs) and a reader B who knows only language B to read (and understand) the text? | 2019/12/12 | [
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/questions/34555",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Chinese characters work very well for Chinese – but that is a tautology because they *evolved* as a way to represent Chinese and can thus be said to be *designed* for Chinese. This not necessarily applies only to Mandarin Chinese but also to many other flavours of Chinese that developed from a common Old or Middle Chinese ancestor. However, once you start using Chinese characters to represent a language that is not Chinese or morphologically very similar to Chinese you run into a number of problems.
As soon as you want to write a text using Chinese characters in a non-Chinese language you will have to decide how to render features that your non-Chinese language has but Chinese doesn’t. Some of these may be trivial. Chinese has a character that can essentially serve as some kind of *of* so you can try using that as a marker for English genitive-s. But in German, the genitive is realised by inflection of the noun (and adjective/article, where applicable) and it could stand either before or after the noun it belongs to (*die Sprachen Chinas* or *Chinas Sprachen*). So how do you unambiguously show what is meant in a text?
Then there are less clear choices you have to make. Suppose I am trying to write Finnish using Chinese characters, then I would need to find a clear way to represent at least 10 of the 15 cases using methods that original Chinese doesn’t really have or need. I suspect that distinguishing nominative, accusative and partitive cases would be the hardest. There may also be a problem with different verb forms. While different grammatical persons could be distinguished by using pronouns, how would one distinguish the English *leaves*, *is leaving* and *has left?*
There are two general ways to overcome these problems. One would be to radically simplify or sinify one’s origin language to make it better fit the Chinese characters. But then, you are no longer writing in English or Russian, you would be writing a form of Pidgin that relies heavily on understanding of the Chinese grammar. The other would be what Japanese has done: take the writing system and adjust it in multiple ways to fit your own language, but that comes at the cost of no longer being properly understandable to another language.
Knowing only Chinese characters (even when knowing only the forms used in Japan which differ slightly from their counterparts in Taiwan/Hong Kong/Macao and strongly from their counterparts in mainland China) can give you a basic understanding of the concepts of a Japanese text but to actually understand what is going on you need to know Japanese grammar and also learn the Japanese syllabaries that are used to supplement what kanji cannot easily describe. Crucially, without knowing the syllabaries or Japanese grammar, you would not be able to distinguish whether a sentence is positive or negative as that is implemented by verb inflection in Japanese. | While Chinese writing isn't a universal writing in the sense of the question, there were attempts to create such writing systems, e.g., Bliss symbolics. They are generally known as pasigraphies.
Some more information on pasigraphies is available from the sister site on Constructed Languages in these questions and their answers: [How to describe a purely symbolic writing system?](https://conlang.stackexchange.com/q/944/142) and [Are there any “unspeakable” languages?](https://conlang.stackexchange.com/q/781/142) |
2,742 | During the [tag cleanup](https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com/q/2736/17758), several of the questions have been being converted to more general tags like [merchandise](https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/merchandise "show questions tagged 'merchandise'"), [cosplay](https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/cosplay "show questions tagged 'cosplay'"), and [itasha](https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/itasha "show questions tagged 'itasha'").
The idea behind the tag cleanup was that all picture-only [identification-request](https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/identification-request "show questions tagged 'identification-request'") questions should be closed. Leaving these questions open because they are photographs has left some confusion among users as they are the same type of questions.
So, the question comes, should there be separate criteria or guidelines to allow these questions to remain open on the site, or are they okay as is?
Some example questions:
[Who are these two girl figures?](https://anime.stackexchange.com/q/22659/17758)
[Who are these female anime figures in military-style clothing?](https://anime.stackexchange.com/q/27817/17758)
[Who is this girl in a blue witch costume and braids cosplaying as?](https://anime.stackexchange.com/q/27208/17758)
[From which media does this redhead in lingerie painted on a car come?](https://anime.stackexchange.com/q/29271/17758) | 2016/02/11 | [
"https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/2742",
"https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com/users/17758/"
] | We do seem to have gotten a little boost in merchandise, cosplay, and itasha id questions after deciding they were the only image-based identification questions we would take. I hope we won't come to regret allowing them.
So far, though, they haven't been troublesome. If they become a plague like the other image-only questions, we might have to reassess the decision to allow them. For now, I'm going to give sort of an abstract response. I recommend thinking about why the image-only id requests that we're currently outlawing are bad questions:
* They require no effort from the asker. Anyone can be idly surfing the internet and stumble on some picture with a character they've never seen before. A trained pigeon could do it. Good questions come from thought and experience.
* They are meaningless and trivial. Yes, I know we're an entertainment site, so nothing we do is deeply meaningful or weighty. But good questions present a real problem or a topic that can elicit deep thought and intelligent discourse, spurring answerers to use their expertise and intellect to respond. My favorite questions on Anime and Manga aren't going to save anyone's job or life, but they require answerers to demonstrate a thorough knowledge of anime history, or how animation is created, or literary analysis, or art criticism, or Japanese culture and language, or the specifics of a certain universe (e.g the Nasuverse); or they require answerers to notice small details, or have unique life experiences, or have amazing research skills. Image id requests require none of those things.
* Because it's so easy to slap up a picture and ask "Where is this from?", people don't do any research of their own before asking. Even if you don't know about reverse image search, keyword searches for images on Google can be surprisingly effective. But even thinking to do that is harder than just punting to someone else.
* 99% of these questions are solved with Google (or TinEye, iqdb, e-shuushuu, or some other Internet service). These facilities were available to the asker. Everyone knows Google exists and helps you find things. They didn't, because it was easier to just ask someone else to do it for them.
Judge these questions on the same criteria. Did the asker look at the figure for an imprint of some kind? Or did they have a piece of paper with the name of the series the character was from on it, and chose not to even bother Googling that name, like in [Who are these two girl figures?](https://anime.stackexchange.com/q/22659/7579)? Did they take a picture of the cosplayer themselves, or are they asking us to id a picture they stumbled across on some blog because they're too lazy to try Google?
This is all pretty abstract and subjective. I'm giving you this abstract answer because, honestly, I don't think we should sit around trying to come up with generic failure modes for merchandise, cosplay, and itasha questions. People who post bad questions keep finding inventive new ways to suck, and if our guidelines are too specific, we'll have to keep amending them. If you find an on-topic question that you think is bad according to my abstract guidelines, feel free to downvote, or go ahead and vote to close as "too little detail". The community will sort it out. | For now, perhaps it would be best to require that users provide information about the item that is **relevant**, **substantial** and **not obvious from the image**.
Otherwise, it's essentially another low quality id-request. The only reason we exempted these questions was that they *could provide more information*
For example:
**Valid additional information**
I bought this in Akihabara, in a shop called X
I saw this costume when I was visiting Tomato-con
There are some markings on the bottom of the figure as seen in this additional image
**Invalid additional information**
My friend gave it to me
It is a figure of a blonde girl in a red outfit
I saw this itasha online |
55,658,029 | Say, I have an application that reads a batch of data from KAFKA, it uses the keys of the incoming messages and makes a query to HBase (reads the current data from HBase for those keys), does some computation and writes data back to HBase for the same set of keys. For e.g.
{K1, V1}, {K2, V2}, {K3, V3} (incoming messages from KAFKA) --> My Application (Reads the current value of K1, K2 and K3 from HBase, uses the incoming value V1, V2 and V3 does some compute and writes the new values for K1 (V1+x), K2 (V2+y) and K3(V3+z) back to HBase after the processing is complete.
Now, let’s say I have one partition for the KAFKA topic and 1 consumer. My application has one consumer thread that is processing the data.
The problem is that say HBase goes down, at which point my application stops processing messages, and a huge lag builds into KAFKA. Even, though I have the ability to increase the number of partitions and correspondingly the consumers, I cannot increase either of them because of RACE conditions in HBase. HBase doesn’t support row level locking so now if I increase the number of partitions the same key could go to two different partitions and correspondingly to two different consumers who may end up in a RACE condition and whoever writes last is the winner. I will have to wait till all the messages gets processed before I can increase the number of partitions.
For e.g.
HBase goes down --> Initially I have one partition for the topic and there is unprocessed message --> {K3, V3} in partition 0 --> now I increase the number of partitions and message with key K3 is now present let’s say in partition 0 and 1 --> then consumer consuming from partition 0 and another consumer consuming from partition 1 will end up competing to write to HBase.
Is there a solution to the problem? Of course locking the key K3 by the consumer processing the message is not the solution since we are dealing with Big Data. | 2019/04/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/55658029",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3701377/"
] | A message will only appear in one and only one kafka partition. It is using a hash function on the message modulo the number of partitions. I believe this guarantee solves your problem.
But bear in mind that if you change the number of partitions the same message key could be allocated to a different partition. That may matter if you care about the ordering of messages that is only guaranteed per partition. If you care about the ordering of messages repartitioning (e.g. increasing the number of partitions) is not an option. | As Vassilis mentioned, Kafka guarantee that single key will be only in one partition.
There are [different strategies](https://medium.com/@anyili0928/what-i-have-learned-from-kafka-partition-assignment-strategy-799fdf15d3ab) how to distribute keys on partitions.
When you increase partition number or change partitioning strategy, a rebalance process could occur which may affect to working consumers. If you stop consumers for a while, you could avoid possibility of processing the same key by two consumers. |
55,658,029 | Say, I have an application that reads a batch of data from KAFKA, it uses the keys of the incoming messages and makes a query to HBase (reads the current data from HBase for those keys), does some computation and writes data back to HBase for the same set of keys. For e.g.
{K1, V1}, {K2, V2}, {K3, V3} (incoming messages from KAFKA) --> My Application (Reads the current value of K1, K2 and K3 from HBase, uses the incoming value V1, V2 and V3 does some compute and writes the new values for K1 (V1+x), K2 (V2+y) and K3(V3+z) back to HBase after the processing is complete.
Now, let’s say I have one partition for the KAFKA topic and 1 consumer. My application has one consumer thread that is processing the data.
The problem is that say HBase goes down, at which point my application stops processing messages, and a huge lag builds into KAFKA. Even, though I have the ability to increase the number of partitions and correspondingly the consumers, I cannot increase either of them because of RACE conditions in HBase. HBase doesn’t support row level locking so now if I increase the number of partitions the same key could go to two different partitions and correspondingly to two different consumers who may end up in a RACE condition and whoever writes last is the winner. I will have to wait till all the messages gets processed before I can increase the number of partitions.
For e.g.
HBase goes down --> Initially I have one partition for the topic and there is unprocessed message --> {K3, V3} in partition 0 --> now I increase the number of partitions and message with key K3 is now present let’s say in partition 0 and 1 --> then consumer consuming from partition 0 and another consumer consuming from partition 1 will end up competing to write to HBase.
Is there a solution to the problem? Of course locking the key K3 by the consumer processing the message is not the solution since we are dealing with Big Data. | 2019/04/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/55658029",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3701377/"
] | When you increase a number of partitions only new messages come to the newly added partitions. Kafka takes responsibility for processing one message exactly once | As Vassilis mentioned, Kafka guarantee that single key will be only in one partition.
There are [different strategies](https://medium.com/@anyili0928/what-i-have-learned-from-kafka-partition-assignment-strategy-799fdf15d3ab) how to distribute keys on partitions.
When you increase partition number or change partitioning strategy, a rebalance process could occur which may affect to working consumers. If you stop consumers for a while, you could avoid possibility of processing the same key by two consumers. |
109,013 | Throughout the various Star Trek shows, there are a number of times when the *Enterprise* or another Federation vessel encounters a more advanced civilization. For instance, in *The Corbomite Maneuver*, Balok's ship seems to be more advanced than the *Enterprise*. Kirk and Balok arrange for a crewmember from the *Enterprise* to stay with Balok for a while.
In *Star Trek: The Next Generation*, in *The Nth Degree*, they meet the Cytherians, who are clearly advanced far beyond the Federation and there is talk of an exchange of technologies.
We know that the Federation has an understanding of the Romulan cloaking device and in the last episode of *Star Trek: Voyager* we know Captain Janeway goes back in time for a bootstrap operation to adapt future technology so the *Voyager* can make it home.
In both cases, though, the technology is either not used again or only used again with the supervision of the species who invented it.
Other than the above examples, in the original Trek timeline, is there any example of Starfleet having access to advanced alien technology that was later regularly used by Starfleet? Or any examples of advanced alien technology that were even used at all by Starfleet?
---
**Addendum:** When I wrote this, I thought by specifying "the Federation," that would rule out what *Voyager* used, since we never really had a chance to see what new technology from the *Voyager* was actually adapted by the Federation after the ship and crew returned from their odyssey. I find it interesting so many examples come from that series, which kind of supports what I was thinking: The trope ["Status Quo Is God"](http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/StatusQuoIsGod) (*Warning: TV Tropes link!*) does come into play with Trek, at least in terms of existing technology. ST:VOY is an exception due to the nature of the series.
I'm still perusing answers and considered that I should rephrase this to specify that if it was just *Voyager* or only one ship or Captain, that it didn't count, since the intent was to find what tech the Federation used, but, after several answers included *Voyager*, I don't think it's fair to make that change now. | 2015/11/29 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/109013",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/1693/"
] | The quantum slipstream drive.
=============================
In *Voyager* ["Hope and Fear"](https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Hope_and_Fear_(episode)), the crew believes that Starfleet has sent them a rescue vessel, the USS Dauntless, which contains a quantum slipstream drive. In reality, the ship was wholly from the Delta Quadrant and either built or acquired by a man named Arturis, who intended it as a trap for the Voyager crew. As such, the ship contained only *"alien" technology*.
They used the ship to travel 300 light years in an hour before the slipstream collapsed. They concluded the device would not be safe enough to use again.
However, the following year (2375), they were able to construct their own slipstream device, inspired by Arturis' drive. This was in ["Timeless"](https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Timeless_(episode)).
They used it to shave a decade off of their travel time.
In ["Think Tank"](https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Think_Tank_(episode)), Kurros even requests that Janeway give him the schematics for the slipstream device, as part of the payment for the Think Tank's assistance. | Not completely sure this counts, but how about [**disruptor technology**](https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Disruptor)?
Disruptors are weapons used in several different varieties by many alien species including the Borg, Breen, Cardassians, Cravic, Dominion, Eminians, Federation, Ferengi, Gorn, Hirogen, Klingons, Lokirrim, Lysians, Pralor, Remans, Rigelians, Romulans, Son'a, and Vidiians. But they have also been used by Starfleet - the Type 2 phaser has a disruptor-b setting, and subatomic disruptors and temporal disruptor bombs are used in the 29th century - although it's not clear which alien species they took the technology from. |
109,013 | Throughout the various Star Trek shows, there are a number of times when the *Enterprise* or another Federation vessel encounters a more advanced civilization. For instance, in *The Corbomite Maneuver*, Balok's ship seems to be more advanced than the *Enterprise*. Kirk and Balok arrange for a crewmember from the *Enterprise* to stay with Balok for a while.
In *Star Trek: The Next Generation*, in *The Nth Degree*, they meet the Cytherians, who are clearly advanced far beyond the Federation and there is talk of an exchange of technologies.
We know that the Federation has an understanding of the Romulan cloaking device and in the last episode of *Star Trek: Voyager* we know Captain Janeway goes back in time for a bootstrap operation to adapt future technology so the *Voyager* can make it home.
In both cases, though, the technology is either not used again or only used again with the supervision of the species who invented it.
Other than the above examples, in the original Trek timeline, is there any example of Starfleet having access to advanced alien technology that was later regularly used by Starfleet? Or any examples of advanced alien technology that were even used at all by Starfleet?
---
**Addendum:** When I wrote this, I thought by specifying "the Federation," that would rule out what *Voyager* used, since we never really had a chance to see what new technology from the *Voyager* was actually adapted by the Federation after the ship and crew returned from their odyssey. I find it interesting so many examples come from that series, which kind of supports what I was thinking: The trope ["Status Quo Is God"](http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/StatusQuoIsGod) (*Warning: TV Tropes link!*) does come into play with Trek, at least in terms of existing technology. ST:VOY is an exception due to the nature of the series.
I'm still perusing answers and considered that I should rephrase this to specify that if it was just *Voyager* or only one ship or Captain, that it didn't count, since the intent was to find what tech the Federation used, but, after several answers included *Voyager*, I don't think it's fair to make that change now. | 2015/11/29 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/109013",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/1693/"
] | The quantum slipstream drive.
=============================
In *Voyager* ["Hope and Fear"](https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Hope_and_Fear_(episode)), the crew believes that Starfleet has sent them a rescue vessel, the USS Dauntless, which contains a quantum slipstream drive. In reality, the ship was wholly from the Delta Quadrant and either built or acquired by a man named Arturis, who intended it as a trap for the Voyager crew. As such, the ship contained only *"alien" technology*.
They used the ship to travel 300 light years in an hour before the slipstream collapsed. They concluded the device would not be safe enough to use again.
However, the following year (2375), they were able to construct their own slipstream device, inspired by Arturis' drive. This was in ["Timeless"](https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Timeless_(episode)).
They used it to shave a decade off of their travel time.
In ["Think Tank"](https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Think_Tank_(episode)), Kurros even requests that Janeway give him the schematics for the slipstream device, as part of the payment for the Think Tank's assistance. | Pre-Federation, we know that the Andorians gave the humans technology. Both during the Xindi incident, where Commander Shran gives Commander Tucker some engineering technology, and sometime before the decommissioning of NX-01 they give them the technology to go warp 7.
Also, Chief O'Brien adapts a lot of Cardassian technology to work to Federation standards during his tenure at Deep Space 9. Self-sealing stembolts, for example, whatever they are. |
109,013 | Throughout the various Star Trek shows, there are a number of times when the *Enterprise* or another Federation vessel encounters a more advanced civilization. For instance, in *The Corbomite Maneuver*, Balok's ship seems to be more advanced than the *Enterprise*. Kirk and Balok arrange for a crewmember from the *Enterprise* to stay with Balok for a while.
In *Star Trek: The Next Generation*, in *The Nth Degree*, they meet the Cytherians, who are clearly advanced far beyond the Federation and there is talk of an exchange of technologies.
We know that the Federation has an understanding of the Romulan cloaking device and in the last episode of *Star Trek: Voyager* we know Captain Janeway goes back in time for a bootstrap operation to adapt future technology so the *Voyager* can make it home.
In both cases, though, the technology is either not used again or only used again with the supervision of the species who invented it.
Other than the above examples, in the original Trek timeline, is there any example of Starfleet having access to advanced alien technology that was later regularly used by Starfleet? Or any examples of advanced alien technology that were even used at all by Starfleet?
---
**Addendum:** When I wrote this, I thought by specifying "the Federation," that would rule out what *Voyager* used, since we never really had a chance to see what new technology from the *Voyager* was actually adapted by the Federation after the ship and crew returned from their odyssey. I find it interesting so many examples come from that series, which kind of supports what I was thinking: The trope ["Status Quo Is God"](http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/StatusQuoIsGod) (*Warning: TV Tropes link!*) does come into play with Trek, at least in terms of existing technology. ST:VOY is an exception due to the nature of the series.
I'm still perusing answers and considered that I should rephrase this to specify that if it was just *Voyager* or only one ship or Captain, that it didn't count, since the intent was to find what tech the Federation used, but, after several answers included *Voyager*, I don't think it's fair to make that change now. | 2015/11/29 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/109013",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/1693/"
] | Not strictly alien technology if alien means extraterrestrial: The mobile holographic projector the Doctor is equipped with in *Voyager: Future's End* is used continuously after this double episode. | [Memory Alpha: The Bajoran wormhole](http://memory-beta.wikia.com/wiki/Bajoran_wormhole) states, "The Bajoran wormhole was an artificial construct built by the beings known to the Bajoran people as the Prophets,". Creating new wormholes may not have been something Starfleet adopted, but Starfleet did use this technology. Multiple Starfleet ships have gone through the wormhole. Starfleet used the wormhole to explore new territory, and the wormhole was also a method to initiate communication with the creators.
Spoiler alert: After Starfleet blocked access to the wormhole, and the enemy dealt with that problem, communication with the wormhole's creators helped deal with the threat of new reinforcements coming in.
So, although Starfleet didn't fully master the technology of creating wormholes, this is an "example of Starfleet having access to advanced alien technology that was later regularly used by Starfleet" and "of advanced alien technology that" was used, at all, by Starfleet. A whole series revolved around it. |
109,013 | Throughout the various Star Trek shows, there are a number of times when the *Enterprise* or another Federation vessel encounters a more advanced civilization. For instance, in *The Corbomite Maneuver*, Balok's ship seems to be more advanced than the *Enterprise*. Kirk and Balok arrange for a crewmember from the *Enterprise* to stay with Balok for a while.
In *Star Trek: The Next Generation*, in *The Nth Degree*, they meet the Cytherians, who are clearly advanced far beyond the Federation and there is talk of an exchange of technologies.
We know that the Federation has an understanding of the Romulan cloaking device and in the last episode of *Star Trek: Voyager* we know Captain Janeway goes back in time for a bootstrap operation to adapt future technology so the *Voyager* can make it home.
In both cases, though, the technology is either not used again or only used again with the supervision of the species who invented it.
Other than the above examples, in the original Trek timeline, is there any example of Starfleet having access to advanced alien technology that was later regularly used by Starfleet? Or any examples of advanced alien technology that were even used at all by Starfleet?
---
**Addendum:** When I wrote this, I thought by specifying "the Federation," that would rule out what *Voyager* used, since we never really had a chance to see what new technology from the *Voyager* was actually adapted by the Federation after the ship and crew returned from their odyssey. I find it interesting so many examples come from that series, which kind of supports what I was thinking: The trope ["Status Quo Is God"](http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/StatusQuoIsGod) (*Warning: TV Tropes link!*) does come into play with Trek, at least in terms of existing technology. ST:VOY is an exception due to the nature of the series.
I'm still perusing answers and considered that I should rephrase this to specify that if it was just *Voyager* or only one ship or Captain, that it didn't count, since the intent was to find what tech the Federation used, but, after several answers included *Voyager*, I don't think it's fair to make that change now. | 2015/11/29 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/109013",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/1693/"
] | The quantum slipstream drive.
=============================
In *Voyager* ["Hope and Fear"](https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Hope_and_Fear_(episode)), the crew believes that Starfleet has sent them a rescue vessel, the USS Dauntless, which contains a quantum slipstream drive. In reality, the ship was wholly from the Delta Quadrant and either built or acquired by a man named Arturis, who intended it as a trap for the Voyager crew. As such, the ship contained only *"alien" technology*.
They used the ship to travel 300 light years in an hour before the slipstream collapsed. They concluded the device would not be safe enough to use again.
However, the following year (2375), they were able to construct their own slipstream device, inspired by Arturis' drive. This was in ["Timeless"](https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Timeless_(episode)).
They used it to shave a decade off of their travel time.
In ["Think Tank"](https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Think_Tank_(episode)), Kurros even requests that Janeway give him the schematics for the slipstream device, as part of the payment for the Think Tank's assistance. | Not strictly alien technology if alien means extraterrestrial: The mobile holographic projector the Doctor is equipped with in *Voyager: Future's End* is used continuously after this double episode. |
109,013 | Throughout the various Star Trek shows, there are a number of times when the *Enterprise* or another Federation vessel encounters a more advanced civilization. For instance, in *The Corbomite Maneuver*, Balok's ship seems to be more advanced than the *Enterprise*. Kirk and Balok arrange for a crewmember from the *Enterprise* to stay with Balok for a while.
In *Star Trek: The Next Generation*, in *The Nth Degree*, they meet the Cytherians, who are clearly advanced far beyond the Federation and there is talk of an exchange of technologies.
We know that the Federation has an understanding of the Romulan cloaking device and in the last episode of *Star Trek: Voyager* we know Captain Janeway goes back in time for a bootstrap operation to adapt future technology so the *Voyager* can make it home.
In both cases, though, the technology is either not used again or only used again with the supervision of the species who invented it.
Other than the above examples, in the original Trek timeline, is there any example of Starfleet having access to advanced alien technology that was later regularly used by Starfleet? Or any examples of advanced alien technology that were even used at all by Starfleet?
---
**Addendum:** When I wrote this, I thought by specifying "the Federation," that would rule out what *Voyager* used, since we never really had a chance to see what new technology from the *Voyager* was actually adapted by the Federation after the ship and crew returned from their odyssey. I find it interesting so many examples come from that series, which kind of supports what I was thinking: The trope ["Status Quo Is God"](http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/StatusQuoIsGod) (*Warning: TV Tropes link!*) does come into play with Trek, at least in terms of existing technology. ST:VOY is an exception due to the nature of the series.
I'm still perusing answers and considered that I should rephrase this to specify that if it was just *Voyager* or only one ship or Captain, that it didn't count, since the intent was to find what tech the Federation used, but, after several answers included *Voyager*, I don't think it's fair to make that change now. | 2015/11/29 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/109013",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/1693/"
] | Chronologically, holodecks first appear in ENT 1x05, [Unexpected](https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Unexpected_(episode)) (2151), as an alien technology:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UK6z8.jpg)
They parted on friendly terms, and gave Klingons the technology at the end of the episode. Although I don't recall it being explicitly stated, it's not a far stretch to say the Federation got at least some of the information from the Xyrillians.
It wasn't until over 200 years later (TNG, 2364) that they became a regular installation on Federation starships. Such a large gap could indicate difficulty in *safely* adapting alien technology for general use, which is why it typically only appears for one-off occurrences. | Pre-Federation, we know that the Andorians gave the humans technology. Both during the Xindi incident, where Commander Shran gives Commander Tucker some engineering technology, and sometime before the decommissioning of NX-01 they give them the technology to go warp 7.
Also, Chief O'Brien adapts a lot of Cardassian technology to work to Federation standards during his tenure at Deep Space 9. Self-sealing stembolts, for example, whatever they are. |
109,013 | Throughout the various Star Trek shows, there are a number of times when the *Enterprise* or another Federation vessel encounters a more advanced civilization. For instance, in *The Corbomite Maneuver*, Balok's ship seems to be more advanced than the *Enterprise*. Kirk and Balok arrange for a crewmember from the *Enterprise* to stay with Balok for a while.
In *Star Trek: The Next Generation*, in *The Nth Degree*, they meet the Cytherians, who are clearly advanced far beyond the Federation and there is talk of an exchange of technologies.
We know that the Federation has an understanding of the Romulan cloaking device and in the last episode of *Star Trek: Voyager* we know Captain Janeway goes back in time for a bootstrap operation to adapt future technology so the *Voyager* can make it home.
In both cases, though, the technology is either not used again or only used again with the supervision of the species who invented it.
Other than the above examples, in the original Trek timeline, is there any example of Starfleet having access to advanced alien technology that was later regularly used by Starfleet? Or any examples of advanced alien technology that were even used at all by Starfleet?
---
**Addendum:** When I wrote this, I thought by specifying "the Federation," that would rule out what *Voyager* used, since we never really had a chance to see what new technology from the *Voyager* was actually adapted by the Federation after the ship and crew returned from their odyssey. I find it interesting so many examples come from that series, which kind of supports what I was thinking: The trope ["Status Quo Is God"](http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/StatusQuoIsGod) (*Warning: TV Tropes link!*) does come into play with Trek, at least in terms of existing technology. ST:VOY is an exception due to the nature of the series.
I'm still perusing answers and considered that I should rephrase this to specify that if it was just *Voyager* or only one ship or Captain, that it didn't count, since the intent was to find what tech the Federation used, but, after several answers included *Voyager*, I don't think it's fair to make that change now. | 2015/11/29 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/109013",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/1693/"
] | The quantum slipstream drive.
=============================
In *Voyager* ["Hope and Fear"](https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Hope_and_Fear_(episode)), the crew believes that Starfleet has sent them a rescue vessel, the USS Dauntless, which contains a quantum slipstream drive. In reality, the ship was wholly from the Delta Quadrant and either built or acquired by a man named Arturis, who intended it as a trap for the Voyager crew. As such, the ship contained only *"alien" technology*.
They used the ship to travel 300 light years in an hour before the slipstream collapsed. They concluded the device would not be safe enough to use again.
However, the following year (2375), they were able to construct their own slipstream device, inspired by Arturis' drive. This was in ["Timeless"](https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Timeless_(episode)).
They used it to shave a decade off of their travel time.
In ["Think Tank"](https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Think_Tank_(episode)), Kurros even requests that Janeway give him the schematics for the slipstream device, as part of the payment for the Think Tank's assistance. | Perhaps slightly less canon, but the Vanguard books series goes into this specific point pretty thoroughly. These books are set in the TOS era aboard a large space station, from which the 'Taurus Reach' is explored.
Technology from a long-dormant society is discovered and eventually leads to an advance in energy-to-matter conversion, i.e. replicator technology. Also, several medical breakthroughs are done. This closes the tech-gap between TOS and TNG and we see these 'alien technologies' in action every time Picard orders a 'Tea, earl gray, hot'. |
109,013 | Throughout the various Star Trek shows, there are a number of times when the *Enterprise* or another Federation vessel encounters a more advanced civilization. For instance, in *The Corbomite Maneuver*, Balok's ship seems to be more advanced than the *Enterprise*. Kirk and Balok arrange for a crewmember from the *Enterprise* to stay with Balok for a while.
In *Star Trek: The Next Generation*, in *The Nth Degree*, they meet the Cytherians, who are clearly advanced far beyond the Federation and there is talk of an exchange of technologies.
We know that the Federation has an understanding of the Romulan cloaking device and in the last episode of *Star Trek: Voyager* we know Captain Janeway goes back in time for a bootstrap operation to adapt future technology so the *Voyager* can make it home.
In both cases, though, the technology is either not used again or only used again with the supervision of the species who invented it.
Other than the above examples, in the original Trek timeline, is there any example of Starfleet having access to advanced alien technology that was later regularly used by Starfleet? Or any examples of advanced alien technology that were even used at all by Starfleet?
---
**Addendum:** When I wrote this, I thought by specifying "the Federation," that would rule out what *Voyager* used, since we never really had a chance to see what new technology from the *Voyager* was actually adapted by the Federation after the ship and crew returned from their odyssey. I find it interesting so many examples come from that series, which kind of supports what I was thinking: The trope ["Status Quo Is God"](http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/StatusQuoIsGod) (*Warning: TV Tropes link!*) does come into play with Trek, at least in terms of existing technology. ST:VOY is an exception due to the nature of the series.
I'm still perusing answers and considered that I should rephrase this to specify that if it was just *Voyager* or only one ship or Captain, that it didn't count, since the intent was to find what tech the Federation used, but, after several answers included *Voyager*, I don't think it's fair to make that change now. | 2015/11/29 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/109013",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/1693/"
] | Chronologically, holodecks first appear in ENT 1x05, [Unexpected](https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Unexpected_(episode)) (2151), as an alien technology:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UK6z8.jpg)
They parted on friendly terms, and gave Klingons the technology at the end of the episode. Although I don't recall it being explicitly stated, it's not a far stretch to say the Federation got at least some of the information from the Xyrillians.
It wasn't until over 200 years later (TNG, 2364) that they became a regular installation on Federation starships. Such a large gap could indicate difficulty in *safely* adapting alien technology for general use, which is why it typically only appears for one-off occurrences. | [Memory Alpha: The Bajoran wormhole](http://memory-beta.wikia.com/wiki/Bajoran_wormhole) states, "The Bajoran wormhole was an artificial construct built by the beings known to the Bajoran people as the Prophets,". Creating new wormholes may not have been something Starfleet adopted, but Starfleet did use this technology. Multiple Starfleet ships have gone through the wormhole. Starfleet used the wormhole to explore new territory, and the wormhole was also a method to initiate communication with the creators.
Spoiler alert: After Starfleet blocked access to the wormhole, and the enemy dealt with that problem, communication with the wormhole's creators helped deal with the threat of new reinforcements coming in.
So, although Starfleet didn't fully master the technology of creating wormholes, this is an "example of Starfleet having access to advanced alien technology that was later regularly used by Starfleet" and "of advanced alien technology that" was used, at all, by Starfleet. A whole series revolved around it. |
109,013 | Throughout the various Star Trek shows, there are a number of times when the *Enterprise* or another Federation vessel encounters a more advanced civilization. For instance, in *The Corbomite Maneuver*, Balok's ship seems to be more advanced than the *Enterprise*. Kirk and Balok arrange for a crewmember from the *Enterprise* to stay with Balok for a while.
In *Star Trek: The Next Generation*, in *The Nth Degree*, they meet the Cytherians, who are clearly advanced far beyond the Federation and there is talk of an exchange of technologies.
We know that the Federation has an understanding of the Romulan cloaking device and in the last episode of *Star Trek: Voyager* we know Captain Janeway goes back in time for a bootstrap operation to adapt future technology so the *Voyager* can make it home.
In both cases, though, the technology is either not used again or only used again with the supervision of the species who invented it.
Other than the above examples, in the original Trek timeline, is there any example of Starfleet having access to advanced alien technology that was later regularly used by Starfleet? Or any examples of advanced alien technology that were even used at all by Starfleet?
---
**Addendum:** When I wrote this, I thought by specifying "the Federation," that would rule out what *Voyager* used, since we never really had a chance to see what new technology from the *Voyager* was actually adapted by the Federation after the ship and crew returned from their odyssey. I find it interesting so many examples come from that series, which kind of supports what I was thinking: The trope ["Status Quo Is God"](http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/StatusQuoIsGod) (*Warning: TV Tropes link!*) does come into play with Trek, at least in terms of existing technology. ST:VOY is an exception due to the nature of the series.
I'm still perusing answers and considered that I should rephrase this to specify that if it was just *Voyager* or only one ship or Captain, that it didn't count, since the intent was to find what tech the Federation used, but, after several answers included *Voyager*, I don't think it's fair to make that change now. | 2015/11/29 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/109013",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/1693/"
] | Chronologically, holodecks first appear in ENT 1x05, [Unexpected](https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Unexpected_(episode)) (2151), as an alien technology:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UK6z8.jpg)
They parted on friendly terms, and gave Klingons the technology at the end of the episode. Although I don't recall it being explicitly stated, it's not a far stretch to say the Federation got at least some of the information from the Xyrillians.
It wasn't until over 200 years later (TNG, 2364) that they became a regular installation on Federation starships. Such a large gap could indicate difficulty in *safely* adapting alien technology for general use, which is why it typically only appears for one-off occurrences. | **Voyager received a large amount of alien technology, over time.**
For starters, they have nanoprobe torpedoes that are a combined effort with the Borg.
Their power relays were also improved by the Borg, and after it was realized they worked better than before, were allowed to stay that way.
Their astrometrics was constructed with improved Borg sensors by Seven of Nine.
In addition, they have a quantum slipstream device which was based on technology by species 116, which in turn might be where the Borg transwarp conduit technology came from, as the engines make the Voyager compatible with transwarp conduits. |
109,013 | Throughout the various Star Trek shows, there are a number of times when the *Enterprise* or another Federation vessel encounters a more advanced civilization. For instance, in *The Corbomite Maneuver*, Balok's ship seems to be more advanced than the *Enterprise*. Kirk and Balok arrange for a crewmember from the *Enterprise* to stay with Balok for a while.
In *Star Trek: The Next Generation*, in *The Nth Degree*, they meet the Cytherians, who are clearly advanced far beyond the Federation and there is talk of an exchange of technologies.
We know that the Federation has an understanding of the Romulan cloaking device and in the last episode of *Star Trek: Voyager* we know Captain Janeway goes back in time for a bootstrap operation to adapt future technology so the *Voyager* can make it home.
In both cases, though, the technology is either not used again or only used again with the supervision of the species who invented it.
Other than the above examples, in the original Trek timeline, is there any example of Starfleet having access to advanced alien technology that was later regularly used by Starfleet? Or any examples of advanced alien technology that were even used at all by Starfleet?
---
**Addendum:** When I wrote this, I thought by specifying "the Federation," that would rule out what *Voyager* used, since we never really had a chance to see what new technology from the *Voyager* was actually adapted by the Federation after the ship and crew returned from their odyssey. I find it interesting so many examples come from that series, which kind of supports what I was thinking: The trope ["Status Quo Is God"](http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/StatusQuoIsGod) (*Warning: TV Tropes link!*) does come into play with Trek, at least in terms of existing technology. ST:VOY is an exception due to the nature of the series.
I'm still perusing answers and considered that I should rephrase this to specify that if it was just *Voyager* or only one ship or Captain, that it didn't count, since the intent was to find what tech the Federation used, but, after several answers included *Voyager*, I don't think it's fair to make that change now. | 2015/11/29 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/109013",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/1693/"
] | Pre-Federation, we know that the Andorians gave the humans technology. Both during the Xindi incident, where Commander Shran gives Commander Tucker some engineering technology, and sometime before the decommissioning of NX-01 they give them the technology to go warp 7.
Also, Chief O'Brien adapts a lot of Cardassian technology to work to Federation standards during his tenure at Deep Space 9. Self-sealing stembolts, for example, whatever they are. | [Memory Alpha: The Bajoran wormhole](http://memory-beta.wikia.com/wiki/Bajoran_wormhole) states, "The Bajoran wormhole was an artificial construct built by the beings known to the Bajoran people as the Prophets,". Creating new wormholes may not have been something Starfleet adopted, but Starfleet did use this technology. Multiple Starfleet ships have gone through the wormhole. Starfleet used the wormhole to explore new territory, and the wormhole was also a method to initiate communication with the creators.
Spoiler alert: After Starfleet blocked access to the wormhole, and the enemy dealt with that problem, communication with the wormhole's creators helped deal with the threat of new reinforcements coming in.
So, although Starfleet didn't fully master the technology of creating wormholes, this is an "example of Starfleet having access to advanced alien technology that was later regularly used by Starfleet" and "of advanced alien technology that" was used, at all, by Starfleet. A whole series revolved around it. |
109,013 | Throughout the various Star Trek shows, there are a number of times when the *Enterprise* or another Federation vessel encounters a more advanced civilization. For instance, in *The Corbomite Maneuver*, Balok's ship seems to be more advanced than the *Enterprise*. Kirk and Balok arrange for a crewmember from the *Enterprise* to stay with Balok for a while.
In *Star Trek: The Next Generation*, in *The Nth Degree*, they meet the Cytherians, who are clearly advanced far beyond the Federation and there is talk of an exchange of technologies.
We know that the Federation has an understanding of the Romulan cloaking device and in the last episode of *Star Trek: Voyager* we know Captain Janeway goes back in time for a bootstrap operation to adapt future technology so the *Voyager* can make it home.
In both cases, though, the technology is either not used again or only used again with the supervision of the species who invented it.
Other than the above examples, in the original Trek timeline, is there any example of Starfleet having access to advanced alien technology that was later regularly used by Starfleet? Or any examples of advanced alien technology that were even used at all by Starfleet?
---
**Addendum:** When I wrote this, I thought by specifying "the Federation," that would rule out what *Voyager* used, since we never really had a chance to see what new technology from the *Voyager* was actually adapted by the Federation after the ship and crew returned from their odyssey. I find it interesting so many examples come from that series, which kind of supports what I was thinking: The trope ["Status Quo Is God"](http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/StatusQuoIsGod) (*Warning: TV Tropes link!*) does come into play with Trek, at least in terms of existing technology. ST:VOY is an exception due to the nature of the series.
I'm still perusing answers and considered that I should rephrase this to specify that if it was just *Voyager* or only one ship or Captain, that it didn't count, since the intent was to find what tech the Federation used, but, after several answers included *Voyager*, I don't think it's fair to make that change now. | 2015/11/29 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/109013",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/1693/"
] | Chronologically, holodecks first appear in ENT 1x05, [Unexpected](https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Unexpected_(episode)) (2151), as an alien technology:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UK6z8.jpg)
They parted on friendly terms, and gave Klingons the technology at the end of the episode. Although I don't recall it being explicitly stated, it's not a far stretch to say the Federation got at least some of the information from the Xyrillians.
It wasn't until over 200 years later (TNG, 2364) that they became a regular installation on Federation starships. Such a large gap could indicate difficulty in *safely* adapting alien technology for general use, which is why it typically only appears for one-off occurrences. | Not strictly alien technology if alien means extraterrestrial: The mobile holographic projector the Doctor is equipped with in *Voyager: Future's End* is used continuously after this double episode. |
51,255,919 | I'm thinking of switching to the Shopify platform, and I had a question regarding product bundles. Currently, customers are able to purchase bundled items on my website that are items composed of other items within the assortment. For example, customers can buy a bundle item that's a monitor, keyboard and CPU as one set. Within the product catalog the bundle is it's own individual SKU. However, customers can also buy just the monitor as a separate item. In each scenario the monitor has it's own SKU as well as the bundle. However, when a customer purchases this item instead of reducing the inventory by one bundle, we actually reduce the inventory by each of the SKUs in the bundle. So if a customer purchases a bundle, the stock of the monitor, CPU and keyboard are each reduced by one. Essentially, the bundle is acting as a ghost item online and in the backend we're actually just working with the individual SKU's that compose that item.
I've seen multiple bundeling apps on Shopify, but none that address this need. Does anybody know of an app that would support this functionality? Or is there native functionality within the shopify platform that would support this? | 2018/07/10 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/51255919",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/6520038/"
] | I built an App many years ago that does exactly this. You create a product with infinite inventory composed of X other products, give it a price, and sell it as a bundle. When the order is booked, the App updates the individual product inventory levels, and all is well.
The main problem no one has ever solved with this (short of using an expensive Enterprise inventory management approach) is that it is not possible to not have the occasional oversell on inventory. Shopify only checks inventory for managed products, and bundles have no management. So if you are not concerned with inventory management at the point a customer moves from cart to checkout, this kind of App is good enough for you. Otherwise, you need to spend $$$ on Enterprise level code. | >
> Does anybody know of an app that would support this functionality?
>
>
>
I believe there are quite a few apps that support this now. Our App supports it via the 'Synchronize Inventory' task: [Products Assistant](https://apps.shopify.com/shopify-assistant) |
1,537,336 | I am trying to create a RAS server in XP Pro. The idea is to log in to this server via a dialup connection. I have set up a new network connection via the New Connect Wizard in XP - according to [this tutorial](https://web.archive.org/web/1/http://articles.techrepublic%2ecom%2ecom/5100-10878_11-5034594.html) on techrepublic.
I am sure that the modem and the connection is working, I have tested it.
However, I want to monitor incoming network traffic on this connection. So I thought I would use Wireshark. The problem is that Wireshark does not list this incoming connection on the front page. It lists all my other network connections, ( e.g. my ethernet connection ) but not this one.
Whats the best way to monitor traffic on this connection? | 2009/10/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1537336",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/182448/"
] | Wireshark should be able to capture the traffic on your connection. I would check the protocol you're using for communication and make sure that Wireshark is monitoring those protocols. Also, I would make sure that Wireshark is actually capturing traffic on your dial up device. It sounds like it's currently monitoring your NIC card, not your modem. | I recently found Microsoft Network Monitor and it has ability to sniff on dialup adapter with Vista or Win7 as OS. Works great! |
1,537,336 | I am trying to create a RAS server in XP Pro. The idea is to log in to this server via a dialup connection. I have set up a new network connection via the New Connect Wizard in XP - according to [this tutorial](https://web.archive.org/web/1/http://articles.techrepublic%2ecom%2ecom/5100-10878_11-5034594.html) on techrepublic.
I am sure that the modem and the connection is working, I have tested it.
However, I want to monitor incoming network traffic on this connection. So I thought I would use Wireshark. The problem is that Wireshark does not list this incoming connection on the front page. It lists all my other network connections, ( e.g. my ethernet connection ) but not this one.
Whats the best way to monitor traffic on this connection? | 2009/10/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1537336",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/182448/"
] | Wireshark should be able to capture the traffic on your connection. I would check the protocol you're using for communication and make sure that Wireshark is monitoring those protocols. Also, I would make sure that Wireshark is actually capturing traffic on your dial up device. It sounds like it's currently monitoring your NIC card, not your modem. | According to [this](http://wiki.wireshark.org/CaptureSetup/PPP#Windows) Wireshark wiki page, you must use Winpcp ***3.1*** to be able to capture traffic on dial up modems. |
256,296 | This question stems from a commonly depicted mode of transportation, the ornithopter. It is the primary flight tool in the latest Dune movie as well as seen in Black Panther and in several books I've been reading. My question is where did the idea for this flying machine first stem from as it seems to be a primary mode of flight for futuristic societies.
Edit: while the comment does answer where the name comes from and its design. I am specifically looking to the dragonfly design that has become associated with the name. | 2021/11/21 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/256296",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/4193/"
] | As Valorum pointed out, experimental ornithopters date back at least to [Leonardo da Vinci](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornithopter) and probably earlier. Working ornithopters have been built in the real world; I used to have a toy that flew by flapping light Mylar wings. [Google Ngram Viewer](https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=ornithopter&year_start=1800&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cornithopter%3B%2Cc0#t1%3B%2Cornithopter%3B%2Cc0) shows that the word *ornithopter* dates back at least to 1866, though it didn't "take off" till after the Wright Brothers' successful flight with a fixed-wing aircraft in 1903.
But all of that's in the real world. Presumably the OP wants to know when this concept entered science fiction. Obviously, Frank Herbert's *[Dune](https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?2036)* (1965) made use of ornithopters, but he wasn't the first. In 1964, Cordwainer Smith mentioned "police ornithopters" in his short story "[The Dead Lady of Clown Town](https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?41502)". That probably isn't the first use of ornithopters in science fiction either. I'm not counting the ancient myth of Daedalus, who was said to devise wings made of feathers and wax, because his invention doesn't seem to satisfy the definition of an ornithopter as a machine that flies by flapping its wings.
As to ornithopters that use the dragonfly instead of the bird as a model, in film they include *Stars Wars: Episode III, Revenge of the Sith* (2005), in which Wookiees fly [Raddaugh Gnasp fluttercraft](https://starwars.fandom.com/wiki/Raddaugh_Gnasp_fluttercraft/Legends). In written form, as pointed out by coppereyecat, they go back at least to James Gurney's *[Dinotopia: the World Beneath](https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?24126)* (1995). The author discussed his inspiration in a 2009 [blog](http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/08/insect-vehicles-part-1.html). | **1930:** ["The First Ornithopter"](https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?85333), a short story by [Jack Winks](https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?13546), in [*Amazing Stories*, January 1930](https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/pl.cgi?56355), available at the [Internet Archive](https://archive.org/details/Amazing_Stories_v04n10_1930-01_sas/page/n64/mode/1up?view=theater). Review by [Everett F. Bleiler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._F._Bleiler) in [*Science-Fiction: The Gernsback Years*](https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/pl.cgi?316908+f):
>
> The reclusive inventor John Petite has constructed what might be a successful one-man flying machine with flapping wings. Unfortunately, he does not have an adequate power source. While making a brief trial flight he chances to meet electrical engineer Grossman, who can provide a far superior battery than Petite has, and constructs a more efficient motor. As a result, after a few mishaps, the ornithopter flies beautifully.
>
>
> |
256,296 | This question stems from a commonly depicted mode of transportation, the ornithopter. It is the primary flight tool in the latest Dune movie as well as seen in Black Panther and in several books I've been reading. My question is where did the idea for this flying machine first stem from as it seems to be a primary mode of flight for futuristic societies.
Edit: while the comment does answer where the name comes from and its design. I am specifically looking to the dragonfly design that has become associated with the name. | 2021/11/21 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/256296",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/4193/"
] | As Valorum pointed out, experimental ornithopters date back at least to [Leonardo da Vinci](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornithopter) and probably earlier. Working ornithopters have been built in the real world; I used to have a toy that flew by flapping light Mylar wings. [Google Ngram Viewer](https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=ornithopter&year_start=1800&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cornithopter%3B%2Cc0#t1%3B%2Cornithopter%3B%2Cc0) shows that the word *ornithopter* dates back at least to 1866, though it didn't "take off" till after the Wright Brothers' successful flight with a fixed-wing aircraft in 1903.
But all of that's in the real world. Presumably the OP wants to know when this concept entered science fiction. Obviously, Frank Herbert's *[Dune](https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?2036)* (1965) made use of ornithopters, but he wasn't the first. In 1964, Cordwainer Smith mentioned "police ornithopters" in his short story "[The Dead Lady of Clown Town](https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?41502)". That probably isn't the first use of ornithopters in science fiction either. I'm not counting the ancient myth of Daedalus, who was said to devise wings made of feathers and wax, because his invention doesn't seem to satisfy the definition of an ornithopter as a machine that flies by flapping its wings.
As to ornithopters that use the dragonfly instead of the bird as a model, in film they include *Stars Wars: Episode III, Revenge of the Sith* (2005), in which Wookiees fly [Raddaugh Gnasp fluttercraft](https://starwars.fandom.com/wiki/Raddaugh_Gnasp_fluttercraft/Legends). In written form, as pointed out by coppereyecat, they go back at least to James Gurney's *[Dinotopia: the World Beneath](https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?24126)* (1995). The author discussed his inspiration in a 2009 [blog](http://gurneyjourney.blogspot.com/2009/08/insect-vehicles-part-1.html). | My great grand father the french engineer René Riout devoted himself for three decades to the realization of flapping wing ornithopters. In 1905 he invented his first models. In 1909 he won the gold medal in the Lépine competition for a reduced model. In 1913 he worked on the development of a model ordered by a pilot, the Dubois-Riout. The tests were stopped in 1916. In 1937, he finalized the Riout 102T Alérion, certainly the most successful piloted flapping wing ornithopter until the second decade of the 21st century. Unfortunately, the conclusions of the wind tunnel tests were not favorable to the continuation of the project.
[Ornithopter Riout 102T Alérion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornithopter#/media/File:Riout_102T_Al%C3%A9rion_by_Ren%C3%A9_Riout_France.jpg)
You have more image on [W.Pearce Riout 102T Alérion Ornithopter](http://oldmachinepress.com/2017/11/20/riout-102t-alerion-ornithopter/)
**Doesn't it look like Dune Ornithopter?** |
256,296 | This question stems from a commonly depicted mode of transportation, the ornithopter. It is the primary flight tool in the latest Dune movie as well as seen in Black Panther and in several books I've been reading. My question is where did the idea for this flying machine first stem from as it seems to be a primary mode of flight for futuristic societies.
Edit: while the comment does answer where the name comes from and its design. I am specifically looking to the dragonfly design that has become associated with the name. | 2021/11/21 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/256296",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/4193/"
] | **1930:** ["The First Ornithopter"](https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?85333), a short story by [Jack Winks](https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?13546), in [*Amazing Stories*, January 1930](https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/pl.cgi?56355), available at the [Internet Archive](https://archive.org/details/Amazing_Stories_v04n10_1930-01_sas/page/n64/mode/1up?view=theater). Review by [Everett F. Bleiler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._F._Bleiler) in [*Science-Fiction: The Gernsback Years*](https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/pl.cgi?316908+f):
>
> The reclusive inventor John Petite has constructed what might be a successful one-man flying machine with flapping wings. Unfortunately, he does not have an adequate power source. While making a brief trial flight he chances to meet electrical engineer Grossman, who can provide a far superior battery than Petite has, and constructs a more efficient motor. As a result, after a few mishaps, the ornithopter flies beautifully.
>
>
> | My great grand father the french engineer René Riout devoted himself for three decades to the realization of flapping wing ornithopters. In 1905 he invented his first models. In 1909 he won the gold medal in the Lépine competition for a reduced model. In 1913 he worked on the development of a model ordered by a pilot, the Dubois-Riout. The tests were stopped in 1916. In 1937, he finalized the Riout 102T Alérion, certainly the most successful piloted flapping wing ornithopter until the second decade of the 21st century. Unfortunately, the conclusions of the wind tunnel tests were not favorable to the continuation of the project.
[Ornithopter Riout 102T Alérion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornithopter#/media/File:Riout_102T_Al%C3%A9rion_by_Ren%C3%A9_Riout_France.jpg)
You have more image on [W.Pearce Riout 102T Alérion Ornithopter](http://oldmachinepress.com/2017/11/20/riout-102t-alerion-ornithopter/)
**Doesn't it look like Dune Ornithopter?** |
159,598 | I have win 7. Taksbar grouping - "never"
All tasks(icons) are not in one small group, but big tasks as it must be.
But if I open 3 notepad programs etc & then I'll try to move one of this task in the left - windows move all 3 like one group. How to split them? It use to be splited.. and now its groupd.. somehow :(
many tnx for any help | 2010/07/03 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/159598",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/41720/"
] | Unfortunately, the Taskbar option to 'Never Combine' does not effect on the behaviour of the icons when moving them on the Taskbar, it simply prevents icons for the same application from being 'stacked'.
As far as I know, the behaviour you are seeing is the default and I am unaware of any third party utilities that can change this. | If I am understanding your question correctly, this will help you in ungrouping different instances of the same application/window: <http://www.windows7news.com/2009/08/26/add-never-combine-hide-labels-to-the-windows-7-taskbar/>
>
> **Add “Never Combine, Hide Labels” to the Windows 7 Taskbar**
>
>
> Add a string called “MinWidth” to “HKEY\_CURRENT\_USER\Control Panel\Desktop\WindowMetrics” and set to 54 then restart. You’ll need to set your taskbar to the “Never Combine” option, but now the program names will always be hidden.
>
>
>
54 is the size of the icons in pixels. Change it to 38 if you use small icons.
You might also find [Ultimate Windows Tweaker](http://www.thewindowsclub.com/ultimate-windows-tweaker-v2-a-tweak-ui-for-windows-7-vista) useful.
 |
14,170 | Is there a standard for the frequencies and or duration used for error or alert beeps?
When I hear a ding or bing sound, I sometimes find that the frequency of the tone is too high or low (in my opinion) for the intent. For example, a high pitch tone a second long indicates an error to me, whereas a lower tone and quicker bing sound indicates a message.
Another example is that my car makes the same repeated bing sound when I turn the ignition to remind me about an engine service as it does when the outside temperature is close to freezing or I've not fastened my seatbelt.
This is clearly subjective on my part. Are there any standards in use or defined, either within a limited field, or more widely adopted for the frequency and or duration of tones used to indicate errors, warnings, and informational messages? | 2011/11/21 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/14170",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/323/"
] | US Department of Defense Design Criteria Standard: Human Engineering, better known as
[MIL-STD 1472](http://www.public.navy.mil/navsafecen/Documents/acquisition/MILSTD1472F.pdf), has a pretty complete section (5.3) on audio signals. A quick read yields the following standards that seem to bear directly on your question (edited here):
>
> 5.3.1.3 Signal meaning. Each audio signal shall have only one meaning.
>
>
> 5.3.1.4 Apparent urgency. The attention gaining characteristics of the signals in a set (e.g., rapidity of pulse pattern, frequency,
> intensity) should match the relative priority of the signal.
>
>
> 5.3.3.1.1 Range. The frequency range shall be between 200 and 5,000 Hz and, if possible, between 500 and 3,000 Hz.
>
>
> 5.3.4.2.1 Attention and avoidance of startle reaction. To minimize startle reactions, the increase in sound level during any 0.5 sec
> period should be not greater than 30 dB. In addition, the first 0.2
> sec of a signal should not be presented at maximum intensity, use
> square topped waveforms, or present abruptly rising waveforms
>
>
> 5.3.4.3.1 Use of different characteristics. When several different audio signals are to be used to alert an operator to different types
> of conditions, discriminable differences in intensity, pitch, beats
> and harmonics, or temporal patterns shall be provided. If absolute
> discrimination is required, the number of signals to be identified
> shall not exceed four. Signal intensity shall not be used alone as a
> means of discriminating between signals.
>
>
>
It discusses in detail characteristics of warning signals but keep in mind the military defines “warning” as, “you need to respond *now* or you’re going to die.” Not everything will apply to your case, I don't think.
It also provides guidance on whether you should have audio signals at all and what controls to provide for users.
The latest [Windows UX Interaction Guidelines](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/uxguide/vis-sound) also provides guidelines on the use of sound (p686 in the [Win 7 PDF version](https://web.archive.org/web/20121108145848/http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=2695)). They emphasize that all sounds provide only supplemental information -that users should never need to rely on sound alone for feedback. Thus, all sounds, including those for errors and warnings, should be brief, subtle, and calm, if they're present at all.
>
> Use sound only when there is a clear advantage. When in doubt, don’t
> use sound... The ideal sound effect is one that users barely notice,
> but they would miss if it were absent.
>
>
>
As for the quality of each sound, that's more art than science. The Windows guidelines recommend:
>
> Light, pure tones, and glassy and airy sounds, with a soft fade-in and
> fade-out (soft “edges”) to prevent abrupt, jarring, percussive
> effects. They are designed to feel subtle, gentle, and consonant.
> Windows sounds use echo, reverb, and equalization to attain a natural,
> ambient feel.
>
>
>
Simple beeps and buzzes of yesterday's computers are right out. You should exploit all the advanced sound reproduction capabilities found in modern systems. This means you need to create your sounds like you're creating a one or two note piece of music. If fact, maybe you should hire musician skilled with digital synthesizers, describe the information and effect you want to convey, and let him/her create some candidate sounds for you. | Higher pitched sounds about the 1KHz range are more unpleasant and therefore draw more attention and are therefore used more for alerts that need immediate attention. Think of a fire alarm here.
Lower pitched toned about the 100Hz range are more pleasant and therefore used more for notification tones. Computer startup sounds are examples.
Then, the faster the beep, the more annoying and hence alerting. It rarely makes sense using a beeping sound for a notification, so they are usually used more for attention grabbers.
finally if you really need to draw attention, you can use two [discordant or dissonant tones](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissonance_%28music%29#Dissonance) together. This is usually only used for things like ambulances or emergency sirens.
**Summary: make the tones more annoying to draw attention, and less annoying when it is simply a notification.**
I can't recall the exact source for this but it was part of an audio engineering course at university. |
27,375,323 | I have arcgis mxd file, I dont know how to use arcgis, i just have .mxd file and need to embed into html/php to make a maps access via browser ? Maybe using iframe or arcgis have tool to convert ? | 2014/12/09 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/27375323",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/4077557/"
] | Mxd files are published using [ArcGIS for Server](http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcgisserver). But it's not free.
I think there is no other way to directly publish mxd on the web. | I'm not entirely sure why you'd want to host an MXD on the web, but I'm assuming you want to put an interactive map on a website? You can publish services to ArcGIS for Server or ArcGIS Online if you have access to that. Otherwise you can upload a static map. Create a PDF, JPEG, PNG, etc by going to File > Export after opening the MXD file. |
33,539,076 | Is there a react native module that allows you to generate form very fast? like XLForm for iOS and Backbone Form for backbone? | 2015/11/05 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/33539076",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3642187/"
] | You may want to check out this library.
<https://github.com/gcanti/tcomb-form-native> | I'm currently working on a module that provides that functionality
<https://github.com/MichaelCereda/react-native-form-generator> |
292,577 | I am looking for the 1968 French departments administrative boundaries. I've scoured the Internet but have had no luck. | 2018/08/13 | [
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/292577",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/users/126606/"
] | JPEG from 1964: [Library of Congress](https://www.loc.gov/resource/g5831f.ct003434/)
You will have to georeference the image and digitise it yourself. | You can use "Historique des commune" from insee (<https://www.insee.fr/fr/information/2114819#titre-bloc-11>) which contains all modifications in french city since 1943.
It doesn't contain boundary, but can help to check the evolution of these administrative set. |
26,435,248 | I'm imlementing Neural Networks using C language for a class. I haven't programmed with C++ nor with C for a long time. I started my first couple implementations using C language and it was a pain in the neck!
Now, I am not sure is it because of the language or its how NN is with any language??
BTW, we are not allowed to use any NN toolbox or libraries.
Some people told me its much easier to do it in C++. But I am in a very tight schedule and I'm afraid I might waste "valuable" time transitioning to C++ to find out the benefit is marginal!
So I thought you might guide me into this? Will it be worth it (time efficiency wise) to switch to C++ or not?
Thanks | 2014/10/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/26435248",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2415307/"
] | Just like any other programming task (that doesn't rely on some framework which is only available in 1 language), there is no magical advantage gained by using a special language for Neural Networks.
If you agree that writing code in C++ in general is much easier than writing code in C, then writing Neural Networks code in C++ is much easier than writing Neural Networks code in C. But that is a highly opinion based topic. | Transitioning to C++ could be worth your time, especially if you've already developed some Object Oriented skills and understanding (even if not with the C++ language itself). However if OO is difficult for you, then the transition may cause more harm than good. It depends on you as a programmer.
The transition won't be as hard as you think. In my opinion, it's less like learning a new language altogether, but instead more like learning new features to a language. Keep in mind that all C code you write will still compile in C++ (mostly, I think? See Kitsune's comment on this answer) because C++ is almost a superset of C.
There's no... direct benefit, so to speak. You can still solve the problem in C, but C++ and Object Orientation may help you create a better, more sharable and understandable solution as although I don't know so much about Nueral Networks, I'm pretty sure some of the characteristics can be neatly abstracted thanks to Object Orientation.
Then again, if OO isn't your peice of cake, then this may end up making it even harder for you. Consider your strengths as a programmer: could you draw a class diagram to figure out how everything fits together comfortably? Do you have a good understanding and appreciation of OO concepts like interfacing and abstraction? If not, then OO could do more harm than good. |
59,180 | I am 19 and I plan on working on a cruise ship to save up around $20,000 to buy a plot of land in Oregon and build a tiny house for myself; however all of this is just an idea at the moment, nothing has been put to paper.
How could I best draw up a plan and accomplish it task by task?
Will I need to build credit?
This is the next phase of my life and I don't want to invest my time and money into a particular part of the plan that either isn't important or I wont end up figuring out. | 2016/02/10 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/59180",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/37498/"
] | If there is land for sale, you can buy it. The United States doesn't have many restrictions on the purchase of land.
However, you need to be able to afford it. Dependent on where you are looking $20,000 can either be a lot or very little land, I suspect that the question you were looking to ask is 'can I afford it?'.
Have a look around, there should be plenty of places for you to find land for sale.
As for credit, it is more important that you don't build bad credit. With things like mortgages, your salary is likely to be more important than your credit score alone, but no one will give you a dime if you have a record of not paying your bills. | Here are some important things to think about. Alan and Denise Fields discuss them in more detail in *[Your New House](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/1889392111)*.
**Permanent work.** Where do you want to live? Are there suitable jobs nearby? How much do they pay?
**Emergency fund.** Banks care that you have "reserves" (and/or an **unsecured** line of credit) in case you have a run of bad luck. This also helps with float the large expenses when closing a loan.
**Personal line of credit.**
**Who are you building for?** If you are not married, then you should consider whether building a home makes that easier, or harder. If you hope to have kids, you should consider whether your home will make it easier to have kids, or harder. If you are married (or seriously considering it), make sure that your spouse helps with the shopping, and is in agreement on the priorities and choices. If you are not married, then what will you do if/when you get married? Will you sell? expand? build another house on the same lot? rent the home out?
* If you plan to sell in just a few years, choose features that make the home resalable rather than idiosyncratic.
* If you plan to rent the house out, choose features that renters will appreciate (and not destroy too easily).
* If you plan to expand, choose a design that makes that practical (possibly including reinforced framing for building up, and designated corridors and stairwells).
**Total budget.** How much can the lot, utilities, permits, taxes, financing charges, building costs, and contingency allowance come to? Talk with a banker about how much you can afford. Talk with a build-on-your-lot builder about how much house you can get for that budget. Consider a new mobile or manufactured home. But if you do choose one, ask your banker how that affects what you can borrow, and how it affects your rates and terms. Talk with a good real estate agent about how much the resale value might be.
**Finished lot budget.** How much can you budget for the lot, utilities, permits required to get zoning approval, fees, interest, and taxes before you start construction?
**Down payment.** It sounds like you have a plan for this.
**Loan underwriting.** Talk with a good bank loan officer about what their expectations are. Ask about the "front-end" and "back-end" Debt-To-Income ratios. In Oregon, I recommend Washington Federal for lot loans and construction loans. They keep all of their loans, and service the loans themselves. They use appraisers who are specially trained in evaluating new home construction. Their appraisers tend to appraise a bit low, but not ridiculously low like the incompetent appraisers used by some other banks in the area. (I know two banks with lots of Oregon branches that use an appraiser who ignores 40% of the finished, heated area of some to-be-built homes.) Avoid any institution (including USAA and NavyFed) that outsources their lending to PHH.
**Lot loan.** In Oregon, Washington Federal offers [lot loans](https://www.washingtonfederal.com/personal-banking/mortgages/lot-loans) with 30% down payments, 20-year amortization, and one point, on approved credit. The interest rate can be a fixed rate, but is typically a few percentage points per year higher than for a mortgage secured by a permanent house. If you have the financial wherewithal to start building within two years, Washington Federal also offers short-term lot loans. Ask about the costs of appraisals, points, and recording fees.
**Rent.** How much will it cost to rent a place to live, between when you move back to Oregon, and when your new home is ready to move into?
**Commute.** How much time will it take to get from your new home to work? How much will it cost? (E.g., car ownership, depreciation, maintenance, insurance, taxes, fuel? If public transportation is an option, how much will it cost?)
**Lot availability.** How many are there to choose from? Can you talk a farmer into selling off a chunk of land? Can you homestead government land? How much does a lot cost? Is it worth getting a double lot (or an extra large lot)?
**Utilities.** Do you want to live off the grid? Are you willing to make the choices needed to do that? (E.g., well, generator, septic system, satellite TV and telephony, fuel storage) If not, how much will it cost to connect to such systems? (For practical purposes, subtract twice the value of these installation costs from the cost of a finished lot, when comparing lot deals.)
**Easements.** These provide access to your property, access for others through your property, and affect your rights. Utility companies often ask for far more rights than they need. Until you sign on the dotted line, you can negotiate them down to just what they need. Talk to a good real estate attorney.
**Zoning.** How much will you be allowed to build? (In terms of home square footage, garage square footage, roof area, and impermeable surfaces.) How can the home be used? (As a business, as a farm, how many unrelated people can live there, etc.) What setbacks are required? How tall can the building(s) be? Are there setbacks from streams, swamps, ponds, wetlands, or steep slopes?
**Choosing a builder.** For construction loans, banks want builders who will build what is agreed upon, in a timely fashion. If you want to build your own house, talk to your loan officer about what the bank expects in a builder.
**Plansets and permits.**
**The construction loan process.** If you hire a general contractor, and if you have difficulties with the contractor, you might be forced to refuse to accept some work as being complete. A good bank will back you up. Ask about points, appraisal charges, and inspection fees.
**Insurance during construction.** Some companies have good plans -- if the construction takes 12 months or less. Some (but not all) auto insurance companies also offer good homeowners' insurance for homes under construction. Choose your auto insurance company accordingly.
**Property taxes.** Don't forget to include them in your post-construction budget.
**Homeowners' insurance.** Avoid properties that need flood insurance. Apply a sanity check to flood maps -- some of them are unrealistic. Strongly consider earthquake insurance. Don't forget to include these costs in your post-construction budget.
**Energy costs.** Some jurisdictions require you to calculate how large a heating system you need. Do **not** trust their design temperatures -- they may not allow for enough heating during a cold snap, especially if you have a heat pump. (Some heat pumps work at -10°F -- but most lose their effectiveness between 10°F and 25°F.) You can use these calculations, in combination with the number of "heating degree days" and "cooling degree days" at your site, to accurately estimate your energy bills. If you choose a mobile or manufactured home, calculate how much extra its energy bills will be.
**Home design.** Here are some good sources of ideas:
* *[A Pattern Language](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0195019199)*, by Christopher Alexander. Alexander emphasizes building homes and neighborhoods that can grow, and that have niches within niches within niches.
* *[The Not-So-Big House](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/1600851509)*, by [Sarah Susanka](http://www.notsobighouse.com/). This book applies many Alexander's design patterns to medium and large new houses.
* *[Before the Architect](https://web.archive.org/web/20130705095141/http://www.beforethearchitect.com/Articles.htm)*. The [late](http://ncadvertiser.com/35921) Ralph Pressel emphasized the importance of plywood sheathing, flashing, pocket doors, wide hallways, wide stairways, attic trusses, and open-truss or I-joist floor systems. Lots of outlets and incandescent lighting are good too. (It is possible to have too much detail in a house plan, and too much room in a house. For examples, see any of his plans.)
* [Tim Garrison](http://buildersengineer.com/blog.asp), "the builder's engineer". Since Oregon is in earthquake country -- and the building codes do not fully reflect that risk -- emphasize that you want a building that would meet San Jose, California's earthquake code. |
53,446,241 | I am interested in visualizing melodic contours of polyphonic music with Processing. It is still unclear to me, though, what the most convenient format for imported data (pitch and onset/duration) would be: tabular (e.g. Humdrum), XML (e.g. MEI, musicXML), or JSON? Maybe another format?
Any suggestions/thoughts on this would be really helpful! Thanks. | 2018/11/23 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/53446241",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/4171324/"
] | Using MIDI files would be optimal, because of the combination of those 3 reasons
1. MIDI is widely used. You can export a .midi file from pratically any score editor plus you can create your own by recording the input from a midi instrument.
2. You can already find .midi files of iconic polyphonic music on the web (Bach's counterpoints, Reinaissance vocal music, etc)
3. It just contain music/playback information. It doesn't contain notation information like music XML. So if you just want to see pitches and note position/duration (like in this [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qXMZoKofu7g)) then .midi will contain just what you need
4. You can use the [Java Midi Package](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/sound/overview-MIDI.html) in Processing and it already contains everything you need to read the MIDI files.
While other formats might also apply for 1, 2, 3 or 4 only MIDI applies for **all** of them. | The best answer I can give you is that you should **put together a simple hello world program that tests out each format and see which one you like the best.**
In the end, you're the one that has to deal with the code, so only you can really decide on the best format. |
28,142,895 | DynamoDB local is taking 100+ ms to perform a single put operation against my table. The docs say that throughput is ignored for local dbs, and is only limited by the speed of the hard disk/computer.
Compared to mongodb my write throughput is 100x slower than it should be. **Is there something I can do to speed writes to DynamoDB local up?**
I will try batch puts, but the problem still remains. At this point, it's going to take me years to input my (rather large) test data.
I'm using Clojure and Faraday as my client api, but have confirmed that is not the bottleneck.
What I tried
------------
I've implemented batches at 25 per, which slowed down the total progress by about a factor of 25 :). So, even with batches, I'm getting a write speed of about 120 ms per item.
Using Mongo, even with conservative WriteConcern/ACKNOWLEDGED flag, results in about 250 microseconds per item (~500x faster), and that's without even needing to send batches. So it's not my harddrive or OS that's the problem. | 2015/01/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/28142895",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/140811/"
] | It's been a while since you asked your question but I still want to give some background information.
MongoDB is so fast because it buffers the updates in memory before writing them to disk. You can read more about this in the official MongoDB FAQ [here](http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/faq/developers/#when-does-mongodb-write-updates-to-disk)
DynamoDBLocal on the other hand is quite slow because it uses a SQLite database behind the scenes (You can check this by opening the \*.db file in the DynamoDBLocal directory with a SQLite Browser) and
SQLite has very slow write speeds compared to other databases. More info [here](http://www.sqlite.org/faq.html#q19][2]).
DynamoDBLocal is just a basic tool for local development that wraps a subset of the DynamoDB API around a simple SQLite database. The real DynamoDB, of course, does not rely on SQLite and is much faster. | This is an old question, but is still quite relevant - according to Stackoverflow it has been viewed over 2,000 times over the years. As FLXN already explained in his answer, DynamoDB Local was meant to be a tool for developing applications - it wasn't meant to be a real installable replacement for DynamoDB. It is neither efficient enough, nor highly-available or durable enough, to serve as a real database.
But since recently, an alternative is available if you want a real (highly-available and efficient) installable database with DynamoDB API compatibility: ScyllaDB [recently announced](https://www.scylladb.com/2019/09/11/scylla-alternator-the-open-source-dynamodb-compatible-api/) that the open-source [Scylla](https://github.com/scylladb/scylla) database now has DynamoDB API support. This support is not yet perfect and still missing a few DynamoDB features, but compatibility is improving quickly and you can check out [this document](https://github.com/scylladb/scylla/blob/master/docs/alternator/alternator.md) for the current status of Scylla's compatibility with the DynamoDB API.
Full disclosure: I'm a ScyllaDB employee, and one of the developers of Alternator - Scylla's support for the DynamoDB API. |
3,889,759 | How can i prevent an external OpenGL application(no sources available) from drawing like it can be done by GDebugger?
The problem is Dassault Catia that opens complex models within five(!) hours because they are rendered while the loading is in process.
When the border of this application is clicked and the mouse button is held down, the rendering process stops so that the model file is opened 10 times faster - it finishes within twenty minutes.
I'd be very grateful for any hint(programming language doesn't matter).
Best regards,
David | 2010/10/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3889759",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/62349/"
] | I think GDebugger uses custom version of opengl32.dll. Application loads it because it's in it starting directory (or intercepting LoadLibrary call). Each function in that library may do additional code before executing call to standard opengl32.dll, this allows for full control on application. But if you going to make such a proxy library, you must implement all standard OpenGL functions (all entries must be in place), although most of them will be simple wrappers. | I think what the various GL-debuggers do, is to replace the OpenGL-dll in order to intercept the OpenGL calls. I guess you could provide your own "dummy" OpenGL-dll, in which all routines are basically "no-ops". |
3,889,759 | How can i prevent an external OpenGL application(no sources available) from drawing like it can be done by GDebugger?
The problem is Dassault Catia that opens complex models within five(!) hours because they are rendered while the loading is in process.
When the border of this application is clicked and the mouse button is held down, the rendering process stops so that the model file is opened 10 times faster - it finishes within twenty minutes.
I'd be very grateful for any hint(programming language doesn't matter).
Best regards,
David | 2010/10/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3889759",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/62349/"
] | I think GDebugger uses custom version of opengl32.dll. Application loads it because it's in it starting directory (or intercepting LoadLibrary call). Each function in that library may do additional code before executing call to standard opengl32.dll, this allows for full control on application. But if you going to make such a proxy library, you must implement all standard OpenGL functions (all entries must be in place), although most of them will be simple wrappers. | If you're on win32 grab a copy of [GLIntercept](http://glintercept.nutty.org/). It may have a stub-out option already; if it doesn't it shouldn't be too hard to add. |
40,038,416 | I have been working on a project in which I need to connect to a BLE and communicate with Arduino through BLE. Every thing worked fine until I update my device to Android M. I haven't changed anything in my project but now my app not connecting to BLE. | 2016/10/14 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/40038416",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/4444254/"
] | I also faced this problem. All you need to do is to enable *ACCESS\_FINE\_LOCATION* & *ACCESS\_COARSE\_LOCATION*
permission in your manifest and also you need to enable location service(by turning on GPS). | Android M needed GPS should be on for effective working of bluetooth, that's why it is unable to connect to android BLE. Give GPS permissions also. Hope it will help |
169,690 | I had applied for a company that does managed IT services so the question is quite fitting. It was asked by an HR recruiter who probably wasn't very technical herself.
I have trouble with questions out of context like this. For example is it assuming you know what is causing the problem but don't know how to fix it? In IT support most of the time you don't know how to fix something at first glance (i.e. you can't be 100% certain just from reading the comments in the ticket) so in a sense most of the time "I don't know how to fix something" but I'm guessing this isn't what the question is asking.
I ended up saying "I would do a Google Search or consult the internal knowledge database or documentation, depending on what the problem was. If that didn't work I would reach out to a colleague who may have more knowledge in the area." Was this good? Was this the kind of answer they were looking for? | 2021/02/19 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/169690",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/123202/"
] | This is a STAR format interview question:
It's generally 5 questions, 2 managers, and every question in the format:
**Situation - Task - Action - Result**
The **Situation - Task** are the questions they ask you.
The **Action - Result** is where you come in **with examples**, **preferably unique** and 99% of the time, not completely true (People Skills...).
It basically tests for what you do when things don't go according to plan.
The worst thing you can possibly do in these interviews is start the answer with the word "usually".
Your answer shows that you don't need to memorize things because you follow proper training that taught you how to look up your question in a knowledge base of any kind. The knowledge base isn't updated by you. It is accessed, and all you need to know is where to find it.
+1 with Corporate
You followed that up by telling them if that didn't work, you also know how to follow the proper chain of command which keeps you from bothering people that don't need to be bothered (Managers...) and those above (Supervisors...) look like they didn't train you correctly.
+10 with Corporate
2 unique examples in order to address the question at 2 different levels, instead of a "usually I..." answer.
An interview usually went, how you feel it went. YOU are YOUR best indicator. What do you think? | It's usually better to say what you want to say rather than trying to guess what they want you to say. Most of your second paragraph would have been a perfectly good start to your answer, because it's sincere:
>
> In IT support most of the time you don't know how to fix something at first glance (i.e. you can't be 100% certain just from reading the comments in the ticket) so in a sense most of the time "I don't know how to fix something"
>
>
>
Then go on to describe how you typically gather information from a customer, how you gather information from the system, and get to a point where you know how to fix it.
Then personally, I would embellish with a specific event that stands out as being extra tricky, since they specifically asked, "Tell me about a time..."
>
> One time, the problem turned out to be an obscure setting in the virtual machine configuration. I had to read the entire user's guide to find it, because it didn't turn up in any of my usual searches, and even the VMware expert I consulted could only point me in a vague direction.
>
>
>
Sometimes, if they ask for a specific event, but you can't think of one, talking in generalities first will help you remember a specific event. |
169,690 | I had applied for a company that does managed IT services so the question is quite fitting. It was asked by an HR recruiter who probably wasn't very technical herself.
I have trouble with questions out of context like this. For example is it assuming you know what is causing the problem but don't know how to fix it? In IT support most of the time you don't know how to fix something at first glance (i.e. you can't be 100% certain just from reading the comments in the ticket) so in a sense most of the time "I don't know how to fix something" but I'm guessing this isn't what the question is asking.
I ended up saying "I would do a Google Search or consult the internal knowledge database or documentation, depending on what the problem was. If that didn't work I would reach out to a colleague who may have more knowledge in the area." Was this good? Was this the kind of answer they were looking for? | 2021/02/19 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/169690",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/123202/"
] | This is a STAR format interview question:
It's generally 5 questions, 2 managers, and every question in the format:
**Situation - Task - Action - Result**
The **Situation - Task** are the questions they ask you.
The **Action - Result** is where you come in **with examples**, **preferably unique** and 99% of the time, not completely true (People Skills...).
It basically tests for what you do when things don't go according to plan.
The worst thing you can possibly do in these interviews is start the answer with the word "usually".
Your answer shows that you don't need to memorize things because you follow proper training that taught you how to look up your question in a knowledge base of any kind. The knowledge base isn't updated by you. It is accessed, and all you need to know is where to find it.
+1 with Corporate
You followed that up by telling them if that didn't work, you also know how to follow the proper chain of command which keeps you from bothering people that don't need to be bothered (Managers...) and those above (Supervisors...) look like they didn't train you correctly.
+10 with Corporate
2 unique examples in order to address the question at 2 different levels, instead of a "usually I..." answer.
An interview usually went, how you feel it went. YOU are YOUR best indicator. What do you think? | This is a situational interview question. They typically want you to answer as a specific instance that it happened to you. Situation, actions, outcome.
Typically, if you answered it the way you did, very general, most interviewers would say "can you give me a specific example."
And either you pull something out of your head from a true past experience or you come up with an answer based on your experience.
"Great question. Let me give you an example. I had a call/ticket a couple months ago, and the page was saying the employee didn't have the correct access type, I checked all his credentials and even triple checked the internal credential requirements for the system. no go. I checked our internal resources and reached out to my manager and a couple collogues. I did find an obscure reference to something similar but the document hadn't been touched in 8 months. Turns out, that even though he had the correct credentials in his portal, the main administration framework that downloads the credentials hadn't had a check in in 3 months. I pulled out every trick i knew and reached out to anyone i could think of, and after 15 minutes was able to find and fixed the problem."
So, that answers all the expected parts. But you could go one further, "I brought this crazy instance up to our team manager and we were able to add another support doc and link the old one i founds so no one has to go through this again."
This shows that not only was there a good outcome that you were able to fix, but you went one further and helped out some part of the organization as well.
Typically, you want it to be about 5 sentences, explanative, but not "omg, this guy won't stop talking" |
32,036 | Why is it some employers want to do video calls, such as Skype, for interviews instead of just a phone call? The only reason I can think of is so they know how you look, but what difference does that make? | 2014/08/07 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/32036",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/25603/"
] | Lots of reasons. First, they want to make sure you aren't cheating on the questions by having someone else feeding you the answers or looking them up on Google.
They want to see your body language to assess your reactions to the questions beyond just your words.
There are some unethical people who do the phone interviews and then are not the people who show up when they get hired. So they want to see you to see if you are actually thhe person they hired when you get there. This is especially true if the hiring offical has been burned in the past by having a very knowldgeable phone interview result in a totally incompetent person showing up for work.
And depending on the job, appearance might be important as you might have customer contact and they want to ensure you are someone they would want to see as the face of the company.
Will some people be assessing you on irrelvant factors like race or weight? Yes. But those same type of people may be assessing you on other irrelvant factors on a phone call like your name or your accent. | Video calls give them a better look at you in a number of different ways. The audio quality is clearer than phones provide. They can check that you're able to dress properly and groom yourself. They can see your body language, and you can see theirs.
On the whole, video calls provide a much better experience and clearer communication between both parties. If both parties have computers with webcams and microphones, why *wouldn't* they want to use them for something as important as a job interview? |
32,036 | Why is it some employers want to do video calls, such as Skype, for interviews instead of just a phone call? The only reason I can think of is so they know how you look, but what difference does that make? | 2014/08/07 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/32036",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/25603/"
] | Lots of reasons. First, they want to make sure you aren't cheating on the questions by having someone else feeding you the answers or looking them up on Google.
They want to see your body language to assess your reactions to the questions beyond just your words.
There are some unethical people who do the phone interviews and then are not the people who show up when they get hired. So they want to see you to see if you are actually thhe person they hired when you get there. This is especially true if the hiring offical has been burned in the past by having a very knowldgeable phone interview result in a totally incompetent person showing up for work.
And depending on the job, appearance might be important as you might have customer contact and they want to ensure you are someone they would want to see as the face of the company.
Will some people be assessing you on irrelvant factors like race or weight? Yes. But those same type of people may be assessing you on other irrelvant factors on a phone call like your name or your accent. | >
> Why is it some employers want to do video calls, such as Skype, for
> interviews instead of just a phone call?
>
>
>
Body language.
You've probably noticed that you have more information conveyed to you when you talk to someone in person, rather than on the phone.
The look on their face, the tilt of their head, the shaking or nodding their head - these all indicate what the person is thinking as much as their words do.
This is what employers are trying to gain (at least to some extent) by using video rather than just phone calls. |
32,036 | Why is it some employers want to do video calls, such as Skype, for interviews instead of just a phone call? The only reason I can think of is so they know how you look, but what difference does that make? | 2014/08/07 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/32036",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/25603/"
] | >
> Why is it some employers want to do video calls, such as Skype, for
> interviews instead of just a phone call?
>
>
>
Body language.
You've probably noticed that you have more information conveyed to you when you talk to someone in person, rather than on the phone.
The look on their face, the tilt of their head, the shaking or nodding their head - these all indicate what the person is thinking as much as their words do.
This is what employers are trying to gain (at least to some extent) by using video rather than just phone calls. | Video calls give them a better look at you in a number of different ways. The audio quality is clearer than phones provide. They can check that you're able to dress properly and groom yourself. They can see your body language, and you can see theirs.
On the whole, video calls provide a much better experience and clearer communication between both parties. If both parties have computers with webcams and microphones, why *wouldn't* they want to use them for something as important as a job interview? |
132 | When I was working in student government during university, I would occasionally be asked to provide anonymous feedback about one of my colleagues. I was assured this feedback would be seen only by our advisor and the administration president.
How honest should I be in performance review feedback items such as this? I like to believe that I provide constructive criticism in my insights/observations, but I'm curious if there are limits to how honest one should be about one's colleagues' performance. | 2012/04/10 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/132",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/27/"
] | This is a very tough one. I've been in peer review processes that are similar — that specifically *ask* for "something they could do better".
Here's how I approach it:
* **Be as honest as possible,** but only about things you believe will help the team. There's no use pointing out a character flaw where there is no possibility of helping the team improve.
* **Keep in mind that, as a peer, your perspective on the issue is limited**
* **Try to relate it to their strengths**. "While he does such a good job focusing on X, paying more attention to Y might produce even better results"
* **Keep in mind that some people are just different, and that's why teams can work so well.** Sometimes telling a person to be better at **Y** will make them *worse* at **X**. This is where managers and peers should recognize each others' strengths and help make the puzzle fit in the best way possible.
I actually like thinking about it the way the question was phrased on our surveys: "**Describe how [person] can be more effective in their role**." This helps me frame all feedback in a positive light, not negative. | There is an unfortunate reality of doing these kinds of reviews: Everything hidden becomes known even if the feedback could only be seen by an advisor or administration president.
If a person performing the review mentions some of your constructive criticisms to a person, there are ways of determining who left it, so be careful of being too insightful if you have to continue working with these people. If you want to leave criticism leave them as generic as possible. |
132 | When I was working in student government during university, I would occasionally be asked to provide anonymous feedback about one of my colleagues. I was assured this feedback would be seen only by our advisor and the administration president.
How honest should I be in performance review feedback items such as this? I like to believe that I provide constructive criticism in my insights/observations, but I'm curious if there are limits to how honest one should be about one's colleagues' performance. | 2012/04/10 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/132",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/27/"
] | There is an unfortunate reality of doing these kinds of reviews: Everything hidden becomes known even if the feedback could only be seen by an advisor or administration president.
If a person performing the review mentions some of your constructive criticisms to a person, there are ways of determining who left it, so be careful of being too insightful if you have to continue working with these people. If you want to leave criticism leave them as generic as possible. | First of all, for feedback of this kind in general, you should absolutely be as truthful as possible, meaning everything you say should be rooted as closely as possible in the truth.
How candid you should be is another matter, and making that decision calls for further assessment of the context. Remember that the purpose of criticism is to be helpful. The more helpful you believe your feedback will ultimately be, the more candid you should feel comfortable being with it. There is little upside, for you or for the others, in unleashing criticism if it will do no good, while at the same time exposing yourself to the downside risks.
Second, while is it possible that it is genuine and will be helpful, superiors soliciting feedback from underlings about peers can be a recipe for disaster. On the surface, it is a potential indicator of a supervisor who is out of touch with his/her staff. A competent and functional one would know already both how the other person is performing, and what the third person thought of them as well. Feedback up and down the chain of command is very different than third-party feedback, which has a bit too much of the air of schoolyard gossip about it.
An incompetent and/or dysfunctional supervisor could create many types of small and great mischief with such a process. He/she could be simply seeking to validate a conclusion already reached about someone. He/she could share your feedback with anyone and everyone, including the subject. He/she could decide that *you* are actually the problem child based on your feedback.
Bottom line, I would be hesitant to provide such feedback in writing. This stuff can and will come back to bite you in the a\*\*. I might be more comfortable talking about it in a more relaxed and interactive context, such as over lunch or coffee, where you can better read how your information is being received and tailor your message thus. |
132 | When I was working in student government during university, I would occasionally be asked to provide anonymous feedback about one of my colleagues. I was assured this feedback would be seen only by our advisor and the administration president.
How honest should I be in performance review feedback items such as this? I like to believe that I provide constructive criticism in my insights/observations, but I'm curious if there are limits to how honest one should be about one's colleagues' performance. | 2012/04/10 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/132",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/27/"
] | This is a very tough one. I've been in peer review processes that are similar — that specifically *ask* for "something they could do better".
Here's how I approach it:
* **Be as honest as possible,** but only about things you believe will help the team. There's no use pointing out a character flaw where there is no possibility of helping the team improve.
* **Keep in mind that, as a peer, your perspective on the issue is limited**
* **Try to relate it to their strengths**. "While he does such a good job focusing on X, paying more attention to Y might produce even better results"
* **Keep in mind that some people are just different, and that's why teams can work so well.** Sometimes telling a person to be better at **Y** will make them *worse* at **X**. This is where managers and peers should recognize each others' strengths and help make the puzzle fit in the best way possible.
I actually like thinking about it the way the question was phrased on our surveys: "**Describe how [person] can be more effective in their role**." This helps me frame all feedback in a positive light, not negative. | First of all, for feedback of this kind in general, you should absolutely be as truthful as possible, meaning everything you say should be rooted as closely as possible in the truth.
How candid you should be is another matter, and making that decision calls for further assessment of the context. Remember that the purpose of criticism is to be helpful. The more helpful you believe your feedback will ultimately be, the more candid you should feel comfortable being with it. There is little upside, for you or for the others, in unleashing criticism if it will do no good, while at the same time exposing yourself to the downside risks.
Second, while is it possible that it is genuine and will be helpful, superiors soliciting feedback from underlings about peers can be a recipe for disaster. On the surface, it is a potential indicator of a supervisor who is out of touch with his/her staff. A competent and functional one would know already both how the other person is performing, and what the third person thought of them as well. Feedback up and down the chain of command is very different than third-party feedback, which has a bit too much of the air of schoolyard gossip about it.
An incompetent and/or dysfunctional supervisor could create many types of small and great mischief with such a process. He/she could be simply seeking to validate a conclusion already reached about someone. He/she could share your feedback with anyone and everyone, including the subject. He/she could decide that *you* are actually the problem child based on your feedback.
Bottom line, I would be hesitant to provide such feedback in writing. This stuff can and will come back to bite you in the a\*\*. I might be more comfortable talking about it in a more relaxed and interactive context, such as over lunch or coffee, where you can better read how your information is being received and tailor your message thus. |
64,610 | One of my friends went out with her boyfriend . They both are going to get married so her boyfriend due to the moment of heat fingered her astagfiruallh she has regret about it . I wanted to know weather it is Haram or Zina . Please answer my question and please tell me how can she overcome through it | 2021/01/08 | [
"https://islam.stackexchange.com/questions/64610",
"https://islam.stackexchange.com",
"https://islam.stackexchange.com/users/42771/"
] | She's regretting that is the sign of iman
Don't worry if she asked for forgiveness of Allah and make a decision not committing it again then she will as pure as she a new born
May Allah forgive us | *One of my friends went out with her boyfriend . They both are going to get married so her boyfriend due to the moment of heat fingered her **astagfiruallh** she has regret about it . I wanted to know weather it is Haram or Zina . Please answer my question and please tell me how can she overcome through it*.
Sister you answered your own question by saying "**astagfiruallh**" it is a sin but not zina because, Zina is unlawful sexual intercourse between man and women.
>
> the moment of heat **fingered** her
>
>
>
It is not actual sexual intercourse. So it is not Zina but is a Sin.
>
> how can she overcome through it
>
>
>
Just ask for forgiveness. |
64,610 | One of my friends went out with her boyfriend . They both are going to get married so her boyfriend due to the moment of heat fingered her astagfiruallh she has regret about it . I wanted to know weather it is Haram or Zina . Please answer my question and please tell me how can she overcome through it | 2021/01/08 | [
"https://islam.stackexchange.com/questions/64610",
"https://islam.stackexchange.com",
"https://islam.stackexchange.com/users/42771/"
] | She's regretting that is the sign of iman
Don't worry if she asked for forgiveness of Allah and make a decision not committing it again then she will as pure as she a new born
May Allah forgive us | They're going to marry but either way it's a sin, she is regretting it so if she asked for forgiveness it's fine now.
If you have iman in Allah and not repeat the sin again she may be forgiven, may Allah forgive her and us all.
Hope i helped you(: |
528,861 | In order to ask the questio0n, I need to explain the context:
**Background:**
I was in discussion with a friend(Annie), talking about one of our friends, James.
He was filming a video documentary for his PhD thesis about Chinese music. Unfortunately, we lost him about 3 years ago due to stroke.
During the discussion, I mentioned a concept in Chinese:时代相关性, which means the documentary has its relevance to today's world. In another words, the documentary makes perfect sense in the current world, but may not be relevant after 2 decades or whatever the time could be.
I searched online and found 2 words:
**Relevance** and **Correlation**
So here is my question:
**In this context, which one fits the best and why?** | 2020/03/27 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/528861",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/325137/"
] | "to alleviate the many ills to which the flesh is heir" = "to alleviate all the bad things that humans suffer.
The expression *to which the flesh is heir* is taken from Shakespeare's play Hamlet (Act 3 Scene 1).
>
> To die, to sleep—
>
>
> No more—and by a sleep to say we end
>
>
> The heartache and the thousand natural shocks
>
>
> **That flesh is heir to**—’tis a consummation
>
>
> Devoutly to be wished!
>
>
>
*To which flesh is heir* or *That flesh is heir to* is a poetic way of saying "that afflict us" (literally "that our bodies inherit")
**Flesh** means "mortal body", and is as opposed to the spirit or soul. | "Flesh" is the muscle, fat and sinew of the human body, what we might call "meat" in a non-human animal. By synecdoche (using a part to refer to the whole), it means "body" or "physical form".
"To be heir to something" (in this case, "which", referring to "the many ills") means "to inherit something" or "to get something by means of a will". Metaphorically, the "will" (as in "last will and testament") is dropped and "inherit" instead implies a certain inevitability to the "getting". If you really wanted to push it, I'm sure you could come up with something about God's will.
In short, "the many ills to which the flesh is heir" refers to the many diseases, injuries, and other problems the body gets *because* it's a body with a physical presence in the physical world. This isn't just age or fatigue and their effects, by the way. It also includes actual diseases and injuries, as opposed to more spiritual or emotional ills, such as greed or heartbreak.
"To alleviate", meanwhile, means "to soothe" or "to lighten" (as a load).
So, to paraphrase,
>
> "to alleviate the many ills to which the flesh is heir"
>
>
>
becomes
>
> "to soothe the many problems the body gets because it is physical"
>
>
> |
528,861 | In order to ask the questio0n, I need to explain the context:
**Background:**
I was in discussion with a friend(Annie), talking about one of our friends, James.
He was filming a video documentary for his PhD thesis about Chinese music. Unfortunately, we lost him about 3 years ago due to stroke.
During the discussion, I mentioned a concept in Chinese:时代相关性, which means the documentary has its relevance to today's world. In another words, the documentary makes perfect sense in the current world, but may not be relevant after 2 decades or whatever the time could be.
I searched online and found 2 words:
**Relevance** and **Correlation**
So here is my question:
**In this context, which one fits the best and why?** | 2020/03/27 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/528861",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/325137/"
] | "to alleviate the many ills to which the flesh is heir" = "to alleviate all the bad things that humans suffer.
The expression *to which the flesh is heir* is taken from Shakespeare's play Hamlet (Act 3 Scene 1).
>
> To die, to sleep—
>
>
> No more—and by a sleep to say we end
>
>
> The heartache and the thousand natural shocks
>
>
> **That flesh is heir to**—’tis a consummation
>
>
> Devoutly to be wished!
>
>
>
*To which flesh is heir* or *That flesh is heir to* is a poetic way of saying "that afflict us" (literally "that our bodies inherit")
**Flesh** means "mortal body", and is as opposed to the spirit or soul. | "Flesh" (in this sense) means "humans". "Is heir to" means "inherits". And it's "The heartache and the thousand natural shocks" of living that humans inherit. |
528,861 | In order to ask the questio0n, I need to explain the context:
**Background:**
I was in discussion with a friend(Annie), talking about one of our friends, James.
He was filming a video documentary for his PhD thesis about Chinese music. Unfortunately, we lost him about 3 years ago due to stroke.
During the discussion, I mentioned a concept in Chinese:时代相关性, which means the documentary has its relevance to today's world. In another words, the documentary makes perfect sense in the current world, but may not be relevant after 2 decades or whatever the time could be.
I searched online and found 2 words:
**Relevance** and **Correlation**
So here is my question:
**In this context, which one fits the best and why?** | 2020/03/27 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/528861",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/325137/"
] | "Flesh" is the muscle, fat and sinew of the human body, what we might call "meat" in a non-human animal. By synecdoche (using a part to refer to the whole), it means "body" or "physical form".
"To be heir to something" (in this case, "which", referring to "the many ills") means "to inherit something" or "to get something by means of a will". Metaphorically, the "will" (as in "last will and testament") is dropped and "inherit" instead implies a certain inevitability to the "getting". If you really wanted to push it, I'm sure you could come up with something about God's will.
In short, "the many ills to which the flesh is heir" refers to the many diseases, injuries, and other problems the body gets *because* it's a body with a physical presence in the physical world. This isn't just age or fatigue and their effects, by the way. It also includes actual diseases and injuries, as opposed to more spiritual or emotional ills, such as greed or heartbreak.
"To alleviate", meanwhile, means "to soothe" or "to lighten" (as a load).
So, to paraphrase,
>
> "to alleviate the many ills to which the flesh is heir"
>
>
>
becomes
>
> "to soothe the many problems the body gets because it is physical"
>
>
> | "Flesh" (in this sense) means "humans". "Is heir to" means "inherits". And it's "The heartache and the thousand natural shocks" of living that humans inherit. |
184,415 | What types of titles do you underline and what types of titles do you put quotations marks on? | 2014/07/11 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/184415",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/84702/"
] | Underlining is a relic of when people had typewriters or wrote things out in longhand. You only underline things that you would normally be set in italic, but for whatever reason, that option is unavailable to you. For example, when turning in copy written on a typewriter or in manuscript, one would underline things that should be set in italic.
Italicization can vary according to house styles, but normally, the titles of books of any sort, plays, operas and the like, art exhibitions, newspapers, magazines, academic journals, brochures and pamphlets, newsletters, films, and TV or radio series should all be set in italic. So are the names of vessels like ships and other watercraft, aircraft, spacecraft, and trains. The names of long (well, very long) poems get set in italic, but not shorter ones. Taxonomic names of genus, species, and if available, subspecies are all set in italic, but not the names of family or higher, which are only capitalized. Species and subspecies are not even capitalized, but anything higher is.
Novellas (short novels) are sometimes set in italic, particularly if published standalone, but sometimes are only quoted. Novelettes and below, including short stories, individual episodes, songs and all individual musical compositions, poems, and essays and articles of any length are set off by quotation marks, not italics.
Other things will vary according to the discipline and publication, like animal gene names and symbols, but not protein names and symbols. | Depending on the style and the relevant manual(s), you might find a good online resource with noodlebib.
The [Noodlbib](http://www.noodletools.com/login.php "Noodlebib") prompts can filter what kind of source you wish to cite be it MLA, APA, or Chicago, and the result is formatted bibliography/sources cited entry.
It is free to the public, and you can also save your citations if you create an account. So far, my cross-references have not contradicted this resource, but you must be specific about the details regarding source material if you want the correct citation format.
Generally in MLA, titles of books (books being longer than novellas) are underlined, whereas short stories and plays are italicized. Formatting tautologically depends on style. |
6,606,235 | I'm making a rails app that handles many, many posts. What i want to do it display the posts over *x* number of pages with 5 posts per page. I've looked around a lot and have not been able to find a solution. I'm new to ruby on rails and don't yet know enough to be able to separate the posts by page. | 2011/07/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6606235",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/832891/"
] | There are two gems that could help you: [will\_paginate](https://github.com/mislav/will_paginate) or [kaminari](https://github.com/amatsuda/kaminari). | Take a look at the mysql limit clause. There's a good tutorial here that gives specifics on using it for paging. The tutorial is for PHP but you only really need the concept in order to apply it to rails.
<http://www.tech-evangelist.com/2008/10/16/mysql-limit-paging/> |
12,662 | Imagine we have a black hole and a star.
There are very close to each other so black hole slowly consumes the star.
It is possible to have planets in this system, and for them not to be consumed by this black hole but just follow their unique orbits. Could there even have life there? | 2015/11/26 | [
"https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/12662",
"https://astronomy.stackexchange.com",
"https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/users/9891/"
] | It's possible to have planets orbiting a binary pair of stars, your scenario of a close orbit, sometimes called "short orbit binaries". See [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumbinary_planet), also posted above in comments. In such a binary-system, nothing can orbit an individual star, but at some distance, plants can orbit and some systems like this have even been observed, listed in the link. The orbital dynamics is the same for a star-black hole short-orbit binary.
Now, there are problems. Black holes form out of very large stars and the formation is one of the biggest explosions in the universe, a [Type II supernovas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_II_supernova), and that's not very friendly to any planets in orbit. A star might survive it, planets would be harder, though it might be possible for new planets to form from nebula material remaining after the nova (I'm just guessing there).
A black hole could also form from a Neutron star accreting matter, but you still have the problem that the formation of a Neutron Star also only happens out of a Type-II supernova, so such a system has a difficult beginning.
Edit: While some planets have been observed around Neutron stars, these appear to be quite rare. 2 Neutron Stars have been observed [with planets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsar_planet#Confirmed_planets), out of over [1,600 Neutron stars](http://www.universetoday.com/25376/pulsars/) observed. A type II nova is very planet unfriendly.
Theoretically a close gravitational capture is possible, but those are very rare, as stars rarely get that close. There's many stars that are known to orbit the super-massive black holes at the center of our galaxy (Andromeda galaxy too), but stars and stellar mass black holes are much more rare. A few have been observed, but they don't appear to be common. Such a system would be easy to observe, so the fact that there are only a few that have been noticed is evidence to them being rare. Here's a few mentions of them. [One](http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/astro/blkbin.html), [Two](https://www-xray.ast.cam.ac.uk/xray_introduction/Blackholebinary.html), [Three](http://www.astronomy.com/news/2014/01/spanish-researchers-discover-the-first-black-hole-orbiting-a-spinning-star), [Four](http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110325082725.htm).
From the 4th article, which is from 2011, so more may be known now, but it says:
>
> Only about 20 binary stellar systems are known to contain a black
> hole, out of an estimated population of around 5,000 in the Milky Way
> Galaxy.
>
>
>
A 2nd problem is that a star feeding a black hole would create an [accretion disk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accretion_disk) which would be very radioactive and not ideal for life on an orbiting planet. Maybe the planet could have a very thick atmosphere that might protect it, but that would also likely reduce sunlight reaching the surface. The star feeding the black hole would also be losing mass, and over time, grow smaller and provide less light and heat to the planet. Ideally, you'd want it to be a very slow feed. It's pretty far from an optimal life on planet situation.
>
> So it is possible to have planets in this system not to be consumed by
> this black hole but just follow their unique orbits
>
>
>
This part is certainly possible. Things can orbit a black hole at a safe distance without any problem. As for life, we don't know how common life is in other solar-systems so nobody can say how likely it might be, but it's theoretically possible, but, in my opinion, pretty far from ideal. | Planet's that are not part of a solar system are called rogue planets. These planets are planets which are starless, and support themselves with gravity in space. It would most likely be very hard for life to form on these types of planets because there is no star to provide heat for the life. I'm not an expert on astrobiology though, so I can't answer much about life on these planets.
When a black hole consumes a star an accretion disk is formed around it. An accretion disk is a large disk of the stellar material that forms around the black hole as it draws mass from the star. If the black hole is big enough, it could swallow the star whole. If a black hole were to come into a range where it was drawing mass from the star, then all of the planets would most likely be destroyed due to the immense gravitational pull which they possess. If a planet would be orbiting the star, it would be extremely unlikely that it would not be destroyed.
It is almost certain that tidal forces would of destroyed the planet if it was orbiting the star, and unless the planet is large enough to support itself without a star it cannot become a rogue planet. I have no idea if a rogue planet can support life. |
28,988 | 
My second hand MTB frame has no decal on it. To me it looks like a downhill frame. I was told it's an Orange but now that I look at it I don't know how to tell. The serial number is JSG0111. | 2015/02/12 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/28988",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/17341/"
] | I locked in your FORK, but your frame could most likely be from the 1990's
SR Suntour XCM V3 Coil 26" Fork (2011)
Item Number: 100079607
Manufacturer:
Suntour
ItemNo 100079607
Color Black
Fork Model XCM V3 coil QR-V/D fork 100mm (1" thrd-150mm NLA>
Steerer Tube 1" Threaded
Front Axle Type 9x100mm quick-release
Spring Type Coil
Brake Type rim + disc (6" PM) | Looks like a trek to me the the gusset on the bottom of the frame that is X shaped is like trek does |
38,254,612 | This is honestly a tiny problem but it's keeping me from proceeding with my small Java practice app.
I'm currently practicing making an API call in Java. I was trying to create a simple class file called "Film". However, when I try to create it as a class-file, Intelli-J keeps telling me that it is unable to create a class-file. I'm trying to set this file up in a folder called "models". All of these class files are going to be utilized as part of an app that performs API calls.
Is there some naming convention I haven't followed? I've been Googling but haven't really found anything. | 2016/07/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/38254612",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/5513336/"
] | More directly, based on what @Vishal Jumani touched on, you need to tell IntelliJ what directories are 'source' or 'test' directories.
A directory structure you can use as an example, but you can use whatever you wish.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/LavR7.png)
Right click on the directory you wish to mark as 'root' --> find 'Mark Directory As' --> Select 'Sources Root'
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/LbWvZ.png)
Now you should be able to add java classes in the directory without IntelliJ interrupting you! | This would usually be because of the way your project is setup. It may not be setup correctly to indicate where your source code is.
* To setup your project, in the Project Tab, click on the top most folder and select F4. This should bring up the Project Settings dialog window.
* Now click on Modules in the LHS, and then select the Sources Tab on the RHS
* Select your src folder and click on the Sources button, to indicate this is your source folder. Now IntelliJ is aware that this is where your code is.
* Click on Apply and OK. This should close the Dialog Window.
* Now right click on the src folder and then select New -> Java Class to create your Java class |
493,223 | How a CAN transceiver detects the 5 successive high or low bits and inserting the opposite bit as stuff bit ?
what is the logic behind the bit stuffing process?.
I am sure that, it's not handled in CAN driver software side. | 2020/04/15 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/493223",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/71777/"
] | Bit stuffing is on the interface, not the transceiver, like how there is also hardware in the interface to calculate the CRC and various other errors without ever having to touch the main processor, if it sees the successive bits, it inserts the inverted non data bit,
The transceiver remains just a level converter, | This is not happening in transceiver but in CAN module in microcontroller. I suppose it counts bits, it's simple. |
493,223 | How a CAN transceiver detects the 5 successive high or low bits and inserting the opposite bit as stuff bit ?
what is the logic behind the bit stuffing process?.
I am sure that, it's not handled in CAN driver software side. | 2020/04/15 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/493223",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/71777/"
] | The hardware looks at the transmitted or received bits and can count them. Transmitting is easy, insert extra stuff bit when doing the line encoding. Receiving more than 5 same bits before line decoding to remove stuffed bits results into receive error.
The point is to have a line code with transition at least after 5 same bits to keep the receive bit clock in sync with the data stream. This allows for the devices to have cheap low precision systen clocks that have more tolerance. If this was not implemented, it would be difficult to keep track of how many same bits have been received, unless the system clocks are very precise, which is more expensive. Same thing why UART transmission has a start bit, to synchronize the reception of the next data, parity and stop bits. | This is not happening in transceiver but in CAN module in microcontroller. I suppose it counts bits, it's simple. |
493,223 | How a CAN transceiver detects the 5 successive high or low bits and inserting the opposite bit as stuff bit ?
what is the logic behind the bit stuffing process?.
I am sure that, it's not handled in CAN driver software side. | 2020/04/15 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/493223",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/71777/"
] | Bit stuffing is on the interface, not the transceiver, like how there is also hardware in the interface to calculate the CRC and various other errors without ever having to touch the main processor, if it sees the successive bits, it inserts the inverted non data bit,
The transceiver remains just a level converter, | The hardware looks at the transmitted or received bits and can count them. Transmitting is easy, insert extra stuff bit when doing the line encoding. Receiving more than 5 same bits before line decoding to remove stuffed bits results into receive error.
The point is to have a line code with transition at least after 5 same bits to keep the receive bit clock in sync with the data stream. This allows for the devices to have cheap low precision systen clocks that have more tolerance. If this was not implemented, it would be difficult to keep track of how many same bits have been received, unless the system clocks are very precise, which is more expensive. Same thing why UART transmission has a start bit, to synchronize the reception of the next data, parity and stop bits. |
121,435 | I am thinking of running a campaign that takes place on the [Elemental Plane of Air](https://www.d20pfsrd.com/gamemastering/environment/the-planes/#Elemental_Plane_of_Air) with the PCs being sky nomads. Naturally, they'll have a ship, but I am not sure how inanimate objects react when in subjective directional [gravity](https://www.d20pfsrd.com/gamemastering/environment/the-planes/#Gravity).
Do objects float until something pushes them? Are objects only weighed down when creatures attend them? Is an object's gravity decided by the majority of the people in it, on it, or around it? | 2018/04/27 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/121435",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/40305/"
] | *[Subjective Directional Gravity](https://www.d20pfsrd.com/gamemastering/environment/the-planes/#Gravity)* states the following:
>
> The strength of gravity on a plane with this trait is the same as on the Material Plane, but each individual chooses the direction of gravity’s pull. *Such a plane has no gravity for unattended objects and nonsentient creatures.*
>
>
>
So, as the objects themselves provide are free of gravity in and of themselves, the only times they would be affected by gravity would be when attended by a sentient creature. In which case they would behave as per the attending creature:
>
> Characters [and other sentient creatures] on a plane with subjective directional gravity can move normally along a solid surface by imagining “down” near their feet. If suspended in midair, a character “flies” by merely choosing a “down” direction and “falling” that way.
>
>
>
When specifically on the *[Elemental Plane of Air](https://www.d20pfsrd.com/gamemastering/environment/the-planes/#Elemental_Plane_of_Air)*, as you specify, we have to consider the following addition to the rules of *subjective directional gravity*, cited in the planar traits section:
>
> Subjective Directional Gravity: Inhabitants of the plane determine their own “down” direction. *Objects not under the motive force of others do not move.*
>
>
>
---
Now that we know how gravity affects objects on the plane of Air, we can address your questions.
For the first and second question:
Objects do not move unless they are attended. If they are attended they will move towards the "down" position of the attender.
For the third question:
To determine who is attending an object, we look to the rules on damaging objects, and *[specifically on saving throws for objects](https://www.d20pfsrd.com/equipment/damaging-objects/#TOC-Saving-Throws)*:
>
> ... An item attended by a character *(being grasped, touched, or worn)* makes saving throws as the character (that is, using the character’s saving throw bonus).
>
>
>
Large vehicles are slightly more complex than simple objects, however, so a quick visit to *[the rules concerning vehicles](https://www.d20pfsrd.com/gamemastering/other-rules/vehicles)* is in order. There we can find that a vehicle is only controlled if it has a driver:
>
> A vehicle is a special movable object that requires two things to keep it moving—a driver and a method of propulsion. A driver is a creature with an Intelligence score of 3 or more who is physically able to use the vehicle’s driving mechanism.... Without a driver, a vehicle will not move or will continue moving in a straight line, depending on the vehicle’s state when it becomes driverless. A creature must be the size of a vehicle or smaller in order to drive it.
>
>
>
So, the rules indicate that only the driver can navigate the vehicle, and even take into account "weird currents":
>
> Navigating currents of magical energy, burning magma, or the murky rivers of the Shadow Plane could use a number of skills, but likely use skills similar to those needed to operate water-current and air-current vehicles. Weird-current vehicles always have their driving check DCs increased by 10, and sometimes by 15 in more exotic locales and conditions.
>
>
>
This aligns with the DC15 Wisdom check to change a person's "down" position when in *subjective directional gravity*. Extrapolating from that:
*Only the driver would be able to navigate a ship in the Elemental Plane of Air*, and does so by changing their position of "down" to move the ship forward (toward that "down"). | Your questions are answered in the d20pfsrd links Hey I Can Chan added to your question.
From "[Elemental Plane of Air](https://www.d20pfsrd.com/gamemastering/environment/the-planes/#Elemental_Plane_of_Air)":
>
> Objects not under the motive force of others do not move.
>
>
>
From "[Gravity](https://www.d20pfsrd.com/gamemastering/environment/the-planes/#Gravity)":
>
> [A plane with Subjective Directional Gravity] has no gravity for unattended objects and nonsentient creatures.
>
>
>
Note that the first citation goes beyond just saying that inanimate objects are not affected by gravity. Taken literally, on the Elemental Plane of Air, you can't throw objects because they will stop ("do not move") as soon as they leave your hand and are no longer "under the motive force of others". |
149,849 | To talk about something or someone, we usually give an apostrophe, like John's pen. If the word ends with s, we say Adams' pen . But what if we are talking of something that ends with an apostrophe s like Jack's (what we sometimes say in short for Jack's home, or Jack's kitchen etc.). How do I use an apostrophe for words like these? (For eg. If I want to say "Jack's house is closed" but I want to write *Jack's* instead of *Jack's house* , How do I manage the apostrophe?) | 2014/02/04 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/149849",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/64743/"
] | If you're asking about omitting the second "house" from, for example, "My house is open, but Jack's house is closed" then I'd simply omit it: "My house is open, but Jack's is closed."
If, on the other hand, you're asking about nested possessives, as in "My house's roof is brown but Jack's house's roof is gray", and you want to omit the second "house", then you have a problem. Logic dictates "Jack's's is gray" but I can't bring myself to imagine that this is acceptable. I'd advise rephrasing the whole thing to circumvent the problem. | The punctuation usage of the possessive apostrophe have evolved according to the whims of the print media.
In the USA : They only use an apostrophe if the word is **2 syllables** or more: Thomas’ report, Rogers’ network.
For **1 syllable** words they add an apostrophe plus an “s” – Jones’s diary or Chris’s meeting.
In the UK : They add an apostrophe plus **“s”** to make all names possessive: Robert Francis’s book. |
149,849 | To talk about something or someone, we usually give an apostrophe, like John's pen. If the word ends with s, we say Adams' pen . But what if we are talking of something that ends with an apostrophe s like Jack's (what we sometimes say in short for Jack's home, or Jack's kitchen etc.). How do I use an apostrophe for words like these? (For eg. If I want to say "Jack's house is closed" but I want to write *Jack's* instead of *Jack's house* , How do I manage the apostrophe?) | 2014/02/04 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/149849",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/64743/"
] | *Jack's* is still the correct way of saying the house belongs to Jack, whether or not you use the word *house* after it.
>
> "Have you ever been inside the house at 334 Elm Street?"
>
>
> "Oh yeah, that's Jack's house."
>
>
>
Or,
>
> "Which of those three houses is Jack's?"
>
>
> "That's Jack's" (pointing to the Cape Cod with the tan shingles).
>
>
>
Two different ways of saying the same thing. | The punctuation usage of the possessive apostrophe have evolved according to the whims of the print media.
In the USA : They only use an apostrophe if the word is **2 syllables** or more: Thomas’ report, Rogers’ network.
For **1 syllable** words they add an apostrophe plus an “s” – Jones’s diary or Chris’s meeting.
In the UK : They add an apostrophe plus **“s”** to make all names possessive: Robert Francis’s book. |
275 | I'm not a real Mathematician, just an enthusiast. I'm often in the situation where I want to learn some interesting Maths through a good book, but not through an actual Maths textbook. I'm also often trying to give people good Maths books to get them "hooked".
So the question: What are good books, for laymen, which teach interesting Mathematics, but actually does it in a "real" way. For example, "Fermat's Last Enigma" doesn't count, since it doesn't actually feature any Maths, just a story, and most textbook don't count, since they don't feature a story.
My favorite example of this is "[Journey Through Genius](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/014014739X)", which is a brilliant combination of interesting storytelling and large amounts of actual Mathematics. It took my love of Maths to a whole other level.
**Edit:**
A few more details on what I'm looking for.
The audience of "laymen" should be anyone who has the ability (and desire) to understand actual mathematics, but does not want to learn from a textbook. Obviously I'm thinking about myself here, as a programmer who loves mathematics, I love being exposed to real maths, but I'm not going to get into it seriously. That's why books that show actual maths, but give a lot more exposition (and much clearer explanations, especially of what the intuition should be) are great.
When I say "real maths", I'm talking about actual proofs, formulas, or other mathematical theories. Specifically, I'm not talking about philosophy, nor am I talking about books which **only** talk about the history of maths (Simon Singh style), since they only talk *about* maths, they don't actually show anything. William Dunham's books and Paul J. Nahin's books are good examples. | 2010/07/21 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/275",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/122/"
] | I think any book by John Allen Paulos would be something any Math enthusiast could enjoy and learn from. | I'm quite partial to Scott Aaronson's 'Quantum computing since Democritus'. It covers many interesting ideas in logic, complexity and computing. It explains things clearly, but does not shy away from the mathematics when necessary. |
275 | I'm not a real Mathematician, just an enthusiast. I'm often in the situation where I want to learn some interesting Maths through a good book, but not through an actual Maths textbook. I'm also often trying to give people good Maths books to get them "hooked".
So the question: What are good books, for laymen, which teach interesting Mathematics, but actually does it in a "real" way. For example, "Fermat's Last Enigma" doesn't count, since it doesn't actually feature any Maths, just a story, and most textbook don't count, since they don't feature a story.
My favorite example of this is "[Journey Through Genius](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/014014739X)", which is a brilliant combination of interesting storytelling and large amounts of actual Mathematics. It took my love of Maths to a whole other level.
**Edit:**
A few more details on what I'm looking for.
The audience of "laymen" should be anyone who has the ability (and desire) to understand actual mathematics, but does not want to learn from a textbook. Obviously I'm thinking about myself here, as a programmer who loves mathematics, I love being exposed to real maths, but I'm not going to get into it seriously. That's why books that show actual maths, but give a lot more exposition (and much clearer explanations, especially of what the intuition should be) are great.
When I say "real maths", I'm talking about actual proofs, formulas, or other mathematical theories. Specifically, I'm not talking about philosophy, nor am I talking about books which **only** talk about the history of maths (Simon Singh style), since they only talk *about* maths, they don't actually show anything. William Dunham's books and Paul J. Nahin's books are good examples. | 2010/07/21 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/275",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/122/"
] | One's that were suggested to me by my Calculus teacher in High School. Even my wife liked them and she hates math now:
* [The Education of T.C. Mits: What
modern mathematics means to you](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/1589880331)
* [Infinity: Beyond the Beyond the
Beyond](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/1589880366)
Written and illustrated(Pictures are great ;p) by a couple: Lillian R. Lieber, and Hugh Gray Lieber. These books were hard to find before because they went out of print but I have this new version and like it a lot. The books explains profound topics in a way that is graspable by anyone without being dumbed down.
[Godel's proof](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/1589880331) is one I enjoyed. It's was a little hard to understand but there is nothing in this book that makes it inaccessible to someone without a strong math background.
Keeping with Godel in the title, [Godel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0465026567) while not just about math was a good read (a bit long ;p).
[The Music of the Primes: Searching to Solve the Greatest Mystery in Mathematics](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0060935588) It describes the Riemann Hypothesis and people who were involved with it somehow. My favorite part was learning about the people who attempted to solve it. Many I never heard off before this book. (Side not: I'll have to read pguertin suggestion, sounds in like a similar but more profound book). | You might be interested in "Uncle Petros and Goldbach's Conjecture", a 1992 novel by Greek author Apostolos Doxiadis. This book has got a good story, and also discusses mathematical problems and some recent history of mathematics. <http://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/aw/d/0571205119/ref=redir_mdp_mobile/278-8223441-9186456> |
275 | I'm not a real Mathematician, just an enthusiast. I'm often in the situation where I want to learn some interesting Maths through a good book, but not through an actual Maths textbook. I'm also often trying to give people good Maths books to get them "hooked".
So the question: What are good books, for laymen, which teach interesting Mathematics, but actually does it in a "real" way. For example, "Fermat's Last Enigma" doesn't count, since it doesn't actually feature any Maths, just a story, and most textbook don't count, since they don't feature a story.
My favorite example of this is "[Journey Through Genius](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/014014739X)", which is a brilliant combination of interesting storytelling and large amounts of actual Mathematics. It took my love of Maths to a whole other level.
**Edit:**
A few more details on what I'm looking for.
The audience of "laymen" should be anyone who has the ability (and desire) to understand actual mathematics, but does not want to learn from a textbook. Obviously I'm thinking about myself here, as a programmer who loves mathematics, I love being exposed to real maths, but I'm not going to get into it seriously. That's why books that show actual maths, but give a lot more exposition (and much clearer explanations, especially of what the intuition should be) are great.
When I say "real maths", I'm talking about actual proofs, formulas, or other mathematical theories. Specifically, I'm not talking about philosophy, nor am I talking about books which **only** talk about the history of maths (Simon Singh style), since they only talk *about* maths, they don't actually show anything. William Dunham's books and Paul J. Nahin's books are good examples. | 2010/07/21 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/275",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/122/"
] | [**Journey Through Genius**](https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/014014739X)
A brilliant combination of interesting storytelling and large amounts of actual Mathematics. It took my love of Maths to a whole other level. | I'm quite partial to Scott Aaronson's 'Quantum computing since Democritus'. It covers many interesting ideas in logic, complexity and computing. It explains things clearly, but does not shy away from the mathematics when necessary. |
275 | I'm not a real Mathematician, just an enthusiast. I'm often in the situation where I want to learn some interesting Maths through a good book, but not through an actual Maths textbook. I'm also often trying to give people good Maths books to get them "hooked".
So the question: What are good books, for laymen, which teach interesting Mathematics, but actually does it in a "real" way. For example, "Fermat's Last Enigma" doesn't count, since it doesn't actually feature any Maths, just a story, and most textbook don't count, since they don't feature a story.
My favorite example of this is "[Journey Through Genius](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/014014739X)", which is a brilliant combination of interesting storytelling and large amounts of actual Mathematics. It took my love of Maths to a whole other level.
**Edit:**
A few more details on what I'm looking for.
The audience of "laymen" should be anyone who has the ability (and desire) to understand actual mathematics, but does not want to learn from a textbook. Obviously I'm thinking about myself here, as a programmer who loves mathematics, I love being exposed to real maths, but I'm not going to get into it seriously. That's why books that show actual maths, but give a lot more exposition (and much clearer explanations, especially of what the intuition should be) are great.
When I say "real maths", I'm talking about actual proofs, formulas, or other mathematical theories. Specifically, I'm not talking about philosophy, nor am I talking about books which **only** talk about the history of maths (Simon Singh style), since they only talk *about* maths, they don't actually show anything. William Dunham's books and Paul J. Nahin's books are good examples. | 2010/07/21 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/275",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/122/"
] | I've been successful in using Courant and Robbins' **[What Is Mathematics? An Elementary Approach to Ideas and Methods](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0195105192)** for adults who have not had a math class for a few decades, but are open to the idea of learning more about mathematics.
Some sections are too advanced for someone with only high school mathematics, and many more will appear that way to the person at first, but do not actually rely on anything beyond high school mathematics. | I've read and enjoyed some of the titles mentioned by Dunham (who balances motivations and mathematics really well; Euler: The Master of Us All was particularly good) and Stewart. Maor and Nahin also have some decent accounts. The former's book Trigonometric Delights sparked an interest in me on the history of maths back when I read it during high school, but it doesn't shy from actual derivations and mathematical reasoning.
Possibly the best book I've come across of this type however is Julian Havil's [Gamma: Exploring Euler's Constant](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/B009P09JLM). It was one of the first such accounts I'd read, and revisiting it recently I found it just as informative as ever. In place of biography alone (though there are plenty of fascinating historical and anecdotal titbits), Havil investigates connections through mathematics via the more mysterious of 'Euler's constants' (the Euler-Mascheroni constant as it's called). It's somewhat like Nahin's book on $i$, but Havil's treatment is more cautious and farther-reaching, if slightly more demanding. |
275 | I'm not a real Mathematician, just an enthusiast. I'm often in the situation where I want to learn some interesting Maths through a good book, but not through an actual Maths textbook. I'm also often trying to give people good Maths books to get them "hooked".
So the question: What are good books, for laymen, which teach interesting Mathematics, but actually does it in a "real" way. For example, "Fermat's Last Enigma" doesn't count, since it doesn't actually feature any Maths, just a story, and most textbook don't count, since they don't feature a story.
My favorite example of this is "[Journey Through Genius](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/014014739X)", which is a brilliant combination of interesting storytelling and large amounts of actual Mathematics. It took my love of Maths to a whole other level.
**Edit:**
A few more details on what I'm looking for.
The audience of "laymen" should be anyone who has the ability (and desire) to understand actual mathematics, but does not want to learn from a textbook. Obviously I'm thinking about myself here, as a programmer who loves mathematics, I love being exposed to real maths, but I'm not going to get into it seriously. That's why books that show actual maths, but give a lot more exposition (and much clearer explanations, especially of what the intuition should be) are great.
When I say "real maths", I'm talking about actual proofs, formulas, or other mathematical theories. Specifically, I'm not talking about philosophy, nor am I talking about books which **only** talk about the history of maths (Simon Singh style), since they only talk *about* maths, they don't actually show anything. William Dunham's books and Paul J. Nahin's books are good examples. | 2010/07/21 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/275",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/122/"
] | Definitely, "[Elementary Differential Equations](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0471319988)" by W.Boyce and R. Di Prima, as it covers a mathematical subject which is used in many applied science disciplines in a way that makes it understandable to non-mathematicians.
**Edit** (1/2/2015): I recently got involved with mathematics of social networks. A nice introductory book for anyone interested in this fascinating topic is "[Networks, Crowds and Markets: Reasoning about a highly connected world](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0521195330)" by D. Easley and J. Kleinberg. A preliminary draft version of this book is available [here](http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/kleinber/networks-book/networks-book.pdf). | Same as me. After so far and so many the books I've read about math. I think the best option for is "Mathematics - Its Content, Methods, and Meaning" by A. D. Aleksandrov, A. N. Kolmogorov, M. A. Lavrent'ev. It's a russian translated book. It came with 3 part. The book cover all major topic in maths. That is the best maths book I ever found. :-). And here some advice from another maths enthuast <https://medium.com/@amathstudent/learning-math-on-your-own-39fe90c3536b>. |
275 | I'm not a real Mathematician, just an enthusiast. I'm often in the situation where I want to learn some interesting Maths through a good book, but not through an actual Maths textbook. I'm also often trying to give people good Maths books to get them "hooked".
So the question: What are good books, for laymen, which teach interesting Mathematics, but actually does it in a "real" way. For example, "Fermat's Last Enigma" doesn't count, since it doesn't actually feature any Maths, just a story, and most textbook don't count, since they don't feature a story.
My favorite example of this is "[Journey Through Genius](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/014014739X)", which is a brilliant combination of interesting storytelling and large amounts of actual Mathematics. It took my love of Maths to a whole other level.
**Edit:**
A few more details on what I'm looking for.
The audience of "laymen" should be anyone who has the ability (and desire) to understand actual mathematics, but does not want to learn from a textbook. Obviously I'm thinking about myself here, as a programmer who loves mathematics, I love being exposed to real maths, but I'm not going to get into it seriously. That's why books that show actual maths, but give a lot more exposition (and much clearer explanations, especially of what the intuition should be) are great.
When I say "real maths", I'm talking about actual proofs, formulas, or other mathematical theories. Specifically, I'm not talking about philosophy, nor am I talking about books which **only** talk about the history of maths (Simon Singh style), since they only talk *about* maths, they don't actually show anything. William Dunham's books and Paul J. Nahin's books are good examples. | 2010/07/21 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/275",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/122/"
] | One's that were suggested to me by my Calculus teacher in High School. Even my wife liked them and she hates math now:
* [The Education of T.C. Mits: What
modern mathematics means to you](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/1589880331)
* [Infinity: Beyond the Beyond the
Beyond](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/1589880366)
Written and illustrated(Pictures are great ;p) by a couple: Lillian R. Lieber, and Hugh Gray Lieber. These books were hard to find before because they went out of print but I have this new version and like it a lot. The books explains profound topics in a way that is graspable by anyone without being dumbed down.
[Godel's proof](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/1589880331) is one I enjoyed. It's was a little hard to understand but there is nothing in this book that makes it inaccessible to someone without a strong math background.
Keeping with Godel in the title, [Godel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0465026567) while not just about math was a good read (a bit long ;p).
[The Music of the Primes: Searching to Solve the Greatest Mystery in Mathematics](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0060935588) It describes the Riemann Hypothesis and people who were involved with it somehow. My favorite part was learning about the people who attempted to solve it. Many I never heard off before this book. (Side not: I'll have to read pguertin suggestion, sounds in like a similar but more profound book). | I'm surprised nobody has mentioned **Mathematics and the Imagination** by Edward Kasner and James Newman; originally published in 1940, still [available](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0486417034) in an edition from Dover. Among other things, the book that introduced the world to the name "googol" for $10^{100}$. It's a classic, and I've never heard anything bad about it. The book is meant for non-mathematicians.
I second the recommendation of Martin Gardner's columns as a follow-up.
A more recent addition to this genre is **The Calculus Diaries: How math can help you lose weight, win in Vegas, and survive zombie apocalypse** by Jennifer Ouellette; it was reviewed favorably in NPR's "Science Friday"; written by a non-mathematician who never got through Calculus in school, also for non-mathematicians. I've heard some minor criticisms of the style, but otherwise generally positive reviews. |
275 | I'm not a real Mathematician, just an enthusiast. I'm often in the situation where I want to learn some interesting Maths through a good book, but not through an actual Maths textbook. I'm also often trying to give people good Maths books to get them "hooked".
So the question: What are good books, for laymen, which teach interesting Mathematics, but actually does it in a "real" way. For example, "Fermat's Last Enigma" doesn't count, since it doesn't actually feature any Maths, just a story, and most textbook don't count, since they don't feature a story.
My favorite example of this is "[Journey Through Genius](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/014014739X)", which is a brilliant combination of interesting storytelling and large amounts of actual Mathematics. It took my love of Maths to a whole other level.
**Edit:**
A few more details on what I'm looking for.
The audience of "laymen" should be anyone who has the ability (and desire) to understand actual mathematics, but does not want to learn from a textbook. Obviously I'm thinking about myself here, as a programmer who loves mathematics, I love being exposed to real maths, but I'm not going to get into it seriously. That's why books that show actual maths, but give a lot more exposition (and much clearer explanations, especially of what the intuition should be) are great.
When I say "real maths", I'm talking about actual proofs, formulas, or other mathematical theories. Specifically, I'm not talking about philosophy, nor am I talking about books which **only** talk about the history of maths (Simon Singh style), since they only talk *about* maths, they don't actually show anything. William Dunham's books and Paul J. Nahin's books are good examples. | 2010/07/21 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/275",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/122/"
] | [Paul Nahin](http://www.amazon.com/Paul-J.-Nahin/e/B001HCS1XI/ref=sr_ntt_srch_lnk_1?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1279734093&sr=8-1) has a number of accessible mathematics books written for non-mathematicians, the most famous being
* [An Imaginary Tale: The Story of $\sqrt{-1}$](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0691146004)
* [Dr. Euler's Fabulous Formula (Cures Many Mathematical Ills!)](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0691118221)
[Professor Ian Stewart](http://www.amazon.com/Ian-Stewart/e/B000APQ9NM/ref=ntt_athr_dp_pel_1) also has many books which each give laymen overviews of various fields or surprising mathematical results
* [Professor Stewart's Cabinet of Mathematical Curiosities](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0465013023)
* [Professor Stewart's Hoard of Mathematical Treasures](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0465017754)
* [Cows in the Maze: And Other Mathematical Explorations](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0199562075)
* [Does God Play Dice? The New Mathematics of Chaos](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0631232516) | You might be interested in "Uncle Petros and Goldbach's Conjecture", a 1992 novel by Greek author Apostolos Doxiadis. This book has got a good story, and also discusses mathematical problems and some recent history of mathematics. <http://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/aw/d/0571205119/ref=redir_mdp_mobile/278-8223441-9186456> |
275 | I'm not a real Mathematician, just an enthusiast. I'm often in the situation where I want to learn some interesting Maths through a good book, but not through an actual Maths textbook. I'm also often trying to give people good Maths books to get them "hooked".
So the question: What are good books, for laymen, which teach interesting Mathematics, but actually does it in a "real" way. For example, "Fermat's Last Enigma" doesn't count, since it doesn't actually feature any Maths, just a story, and most textbook don't count, since they don't feature a story.
My favorite example of this is "[Journey Through Genius](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/014014739X)", which is a brilliant combination of interesting storytelling and large amounts of actual Mathematics. It took my love of Maths to a whole other level.
**Edit:**
A few more details on what I'm looking for.
The audience of "laymen" should be anyone who has the ability (and desire) to understand actual mathematics, but does not want to learn from a textbook. Obviously I'm thinking about myself here, as a programmer who loves mathematics, I love being exposed to real maths, but I'm not going to get into it seriously. That's why books that show actual maths, but give a lot more exposition (and much clearer explanations, especially of what the intuition should be) are great.
When I say "real maths", I'm talking about actual proofs, formulas, or other mathematical theories. Specifically, I'm not talking about philosophy, nor am I talking about books which **only** talk about the history of maths (Simon Singh style), since they only talk *about* maths, they don't actually show anything. William Dunham's books and Paul J. Nahin's books are good examples. | 2010/07/21 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/275",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/122/"
] | Here's what you're looking for. It's an amazing back, and you'll be blown away by all the stuff mentioned in here:
[http://www.amazon.com/Math-Book-Pythagoras-Milestones-Mathematics/dp/1402757964](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/1402757964) | 
My mom's friend give me this book while i was finishing the last year of high scholl. At the beginning i wanted to be an engineer. When i finished to read that book i change for math. |
275 | I'm not a real Mathematician, just an enthusiast. I'm often in the situation where I want to learn some interesting Maths through a good book, but not through an actual Maths textbook. I'm also often trying to give people good Maths books to get them "hooked".
So the question: What are good books, for laymen, which teach interesting Mathematics, but actually does it in a "real" way. For example, "Fermat's Last Enigma" doesn't count, since it doesn't actually feature any Maths, just a story, and most textbook don't count, since they don't feature a story.
My favorite example of this is "[Journey Through Genius](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/014014739X)", which is a brilliant combination of interesting storytelling and large amounts of actual Mathematics. It took my love of Maths to a whole other level.
**Edit:**
A few more details on what I'm looking for.
The audience of "laymen" should be anyone who has the ability (and desire) to understand actual mathematics, but does not want to learn from a textbook. Obviously I'm thinking about myself here, as a programmer who loves mathematics, I love being exposed to real maths, but I'm not going to get into it seriously. That's why books that show actual maths, but give a lot more exposition (and much clearer explanations, especially of what the intuition should be) are great.
When I say "real maths", I'm talking about actual proofs, formulas, or other mathematical theories. Specifically, I'm not talking about philosophy, nor am I talking about books which **only** talk about the history of maths (Simon Singh style), since they only talk *about* maths, they don't actually show anything. William Dunham's books and Paul J. Nahin's books are good examples. | 2010/07/21 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/275",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/122/"
] | Definitely, "[Elementary Differential Equations](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0471319988)" by W.Boyce and R. Di Prima, as it covers a mathematical subject which is used in many applied science disciplines in a way that makes it understandable to non-mathematicians.
**Edit** (1/2/2015): I recently got involved with mathematics of social networks. A nice introductory book for anyone interested in this fascinating topic is "[Networks, Crowds and Markets: Reasoning about a highly connected world](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0521195330)" by D. Easley and J. Kleinberg. A preliminary draft version of this book is available [here](http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/kleinber/networks-book/networks-book.pdf). | My recommendation is [Great Formulas Explained](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/B00G807Y00) by Metin Bektas (as well as the second volume More Great Formulas Explained). It's a nice collection of formulas from mathematics, physics and economics for non-mathematicians with lots of examples on how and where to apply them. A little bit of algebra is sufficient to follow the text. |
275 | I'm not a real Mathematician, just an enthusiast. I'm often in the situation where I want to learn some interesting Maths through a good book, but not through an actual Maths textbook. I'm also often trying to give people good Maths books to get them "hooked".
So the question: What are good books, for laymen, which teach interesting Mathematics, but actually does it in a "real" way. For example, "Fermat's Last Enigma" doesn't count, since it doesn't actually feature any Maths, just a story, and most textbook don't count, since they don't feature a story.
My favorite example of this is "[Journey Through Genius](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/014014739X)", which is a brilliant combination of interesting storytelling and large amounts of actual Mathematics. It took my love of Maths to a whole other level.
**Edit:**
A few more details on what I'm looking for.
The audience of "laymen" should be anyone who has the ability (and desire) to understand actual mathematics, but does not want to learn from a textbook. Obviously I'm thinking about myself here, as a programmer who loves mathematics, I love being exposed to real maths, but I'm not going to get into it seriously. That's why books that show actual maths, but give a lot more exposition (and much clearer explanations, especially of what the intuition should be) are great.
When I say "real maths", I'm talking about actual proofs, formulas, or other mathematical theories. Specifically, I'm not talking about philosophy, nor am I talking about books which **only** talk about the history of maths (Simon Singh style), since they only talk *about* maths, they don't actually show anything. William Dunham's books and Paul J. Nahin's books are good examples. | 2010/07/21 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/275",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/122/"
] | One's that were suggested to me by my Calculus teacher in High School. Even my wife liked them and she hates math now:
* [The Education of T.C. Mits: What
modern mathematics means to you](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/1589880331)
* [Infinity: Beyond the Beyond the
Beyond](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/1589880366)
Written and illustrated(Pictures are great ;p) by a couple: Lillian R. Lieber, and Hugh Gray Lieber. These books were hard to find before because they went out of print but I have this new version and like it a lot. The books explains profound topics in a way that is graspable by anyone without being dumbed down.
[Godel's proof](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/1589880331) is one I enjoyed. It's was a little hard to understand but there is nothing in this book that makes it inaccessible to someone without a strong math background.
Keeping with Godel in the title, [Godel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0465026567) while not just about math was a good read (a bit long ;p).
[The Music of the Primes: Searching to Solve the Greatest Mystery in Mathematics](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0060935588) It describes the Riemann Hypothesis and people who were involved with it somehow. My favorite part was learning about the people who attempted to solve it. Many I never heard off before this book. (Side not: I'll have to read pguertin suggestion, sounds in like a similar but more profound book). | Definitely, "[Elementary Differential Equations](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0471319988)" by W.Boyce and R. Di Prima, as it covers a mathematical subject which is used in many applied science disciplines in a way that makes it understandable to non-mathematicians.
**Edit** (1/2/2015): I recently got involved with mathematics of social networks. A nice introductory book for anyone interested in this fascinating topic is "[Networks, Crowds and Markets: Reasoning about a highly connected world](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0521195330)" by D. Easley and J. Kleinberg. A preliminary draft version of this book is available [here](http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/kleinber/networks-book/networks-book.pdf). |
229,087 | Is there a tool which lets you view the source code a svn repo?
Please let me know if you need any additional information.
Edit : I just want to browse the repos which does not have some interface to browse the code. | 2011/01/31 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/229087",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/61144/"
] | There's some PHP based interfaces for viewing and browsing one or several svn repos.
My favorite one is [websvn](http://websvn.tigris.org) have a look and let me know if this is useful for you. | You can also combine it wit tracking system "Trac", see <http://trac.edgewall.org/> |
19,030 | So earlier this week behind a local school I discovered something remarkable. Someone had put a old, wrecked women's bicycle in a pond.
The wheels toast, the chain rings are useless, rust in many spots and the handle bars take some effort to get them to turn. The frame itself isn't too bad, just has some rust and chipping paint everywhere.
Here are some photos of how I found it initially:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JvcI9.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/2GKg2.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Cyvj5.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/NfNQR.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/GzSxk.jpg)
After closer inspection i noticed a decal on the top tube that read "Alpine 26" which I can only assume implies 26" wheels. Also there is a sticker on the down tube that reads:
"Lawrenceburg, TN 07 76"
Made July, 1976 in Tennessee?
I know Murray doesn't make bikes anymore and I heard that there quality of bikes went south in the 80s. I couldn't really bring myself to leave it there so I have it now and would simply like suggestions as to what to do with it.
Scrap/recycle?
Wall art?
I really don't think there is any point in restoring this unless I find another bike that has working components that could fit but a damaged frame or something for free/cheap.
So could this be significant at all? I don't have a clue as I can't find this model anywhere on the web.
Personally I feel like it's not, but just checking. | 2014/01/18 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/19030",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Murray was a pretty cheap brand to begin with, and the bike in the pictures is clearly rusted beyond the point of reasonable repair, even if you found suitable wheels for it.
It's only value is as steel scrap, or perhaps as an "art object" for a local sculptor. There are no usable parts visible in the pictures that would be worth salvaging. | First of all, I would like to say Murray bikes are really a pleasure to ride when in good condition! The year of that bike is not especially great, as they made quite a lot of bikes of that type in that year. The first thing I would do is take it out of the muck and pressure wash it.
If everything is not too rusted out or missing an excessive amount of parts I would try to fix it, with the wheel probably being the hardest part to get the bends out. If it isn't, I would take usable parts off of it and use them for other bikes and bring the scrap metal to the junkyard. |
21,211 | I am sorry if this is a strange question. Sometimes I like to visit parliaments from around the world and compare their buildings.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/qP0JV.jpg)
After looking at the British house of commons chamber, I noticed that there was sun light coming out of ceiling of the chamber. At first I thought that the ceiling was made of glass and it was just sun light. However after checking the building from outside there seems to be at least another floor on top of the chamber. So it can't be sun light. Then I thought that it must be just some electric light.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/lsFQK.jpg)
However, after checking some old images of the chamber(before electricity was used) there is still light coming from ceiling.
Does anyone know how this happens?
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/6KsKL.jpg) | 2018/04/05 | [
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/questions/21211",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/users/15631/"
] | **It is not sunlight. The lights in the roof are artificial**. Your 'old photo before electricity' is presumably from before the war, when the roof *did* have real windows, in 'direct contact with the sky'. See this aerial view from 1919 for reference:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Pzhvdm.png)
There is recorded evidence of resistance to the building of offices etc. above the chamber, as members worried about the lack of daylight.
>
> Before the Debate goes any further I would like to express my disapproval of the suggestion of the hon. Member for West Walthamstow (Mr. McEntee) and certain other hon. Members that when we come to rebuilding the House of Commons special accommodation should be made available for other purposes above it. If that were done, we would have no daylight whatever in the new Chamber, and having sat, like many others, for two years in this artificial illumination, I certainly look forward to the day when we can have a Chamber very much better lit than the former House of Commons used to be.
>
>
> [Sir Alfred Beit (St. Pancras, South-East), 28/Oct/1943](https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1943/oct/28/house-of-commons-rebuilding#S5CV0393P0_19431028_HOC_307)
>
>
>
The [parliment.uk website](https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/building/palace/architecture/palace-s-interiors/commons-chamber/) states that
>
> When the Chamber was rebuilt after 1945 at the cost of £2 million, Sir Giles Gilbert Scott designed a steel-framed building of five floors (two taken by the Chamber), with offices both above and below.
>
>
>
"The Construction of the House of Commons" by Oscar Faber notes further that
>
> The elaborate wall and ceiling linings to the frame replicate the original timber detailing by Pugin. The frame steps back along its length and addtional height above the Chamber has been allowed for a two-tier roof over the whole rebuilt House of Commons.
>
>
>
and
>
> An elaborate network of branched ductwork sent the conditioned air to numerous outlets set into the ornate detail of the Chamber’s gallery structure, and at the upper level of the spring point of the replica roof trusses. Extract ducts were positioned at regular centres in the apex of the roof lining of the Chamber.
>
>
>
i.e. the new chamber internal roof was designed to look like the old one, but also had extraction ducts etc. added, in keeping with there being in-use office space above.
The phrase "two tier roof" does not refer to the internal roof of the commons, since that is a ceiling, not a roof. Rather, the new roof of the commons simply has two tiers, but this is not accurately picked up by Google Maps. See here:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5118U.jpg)
Furthermore, a friend of mine who is currently at work inside the House of Commons *right now* has confirmed both that the look/feel of the roof-lights is artificial, and that the offices on the floor above do not follow a long corridor around the void which would be required to direct daylight down to the commons chamber roof two floors below. | I suspect that its is sunlight.
No part of the palace of Westminster is that tall and the commons chamber itself is pretty tall with several tiers of seating in both the MPs benches and the public galleries. It's also often difficult to judge the height of Gothic buildings at the best of times and the sort of wide angle lenses you would need to get a full interior shot distort perspective a lot.
You can also see form the images in the OP that the roof is pitched which strongly suggests that the ceiling is the exterior roof.
It would also not be at all surprising, given the style of Gothic architecture if there were false exterior walls for either structure or cosmetic purposes plus false windows in the lower story. So you could well have three stories of exterior windows but one level or real windows which actually admit light to the main chamber.
this also fits well with the general scheme of Gothic ecclesiastical whcih tended the be based on a pattern of 4 main levels (regardless of overall height)
-aisle : the ground level and actual working art of the building, usually bounded by corridors under buttresses
- Gallery/triforium : mid level with narrow galleries overlooking the ground floor, sometimes with small windows and the bases exterior flying buttresses
- Clerestory : structurally 'light' with most of the windows often supported on the exterior by flying buttresses
- Vaulted roof
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/EGln8.jpg) |
1,414,078 | Is there a way to rename all methods, properties etc. suggested by R#. I have code that I converted from java and all methods and properties are in the format like this "onBeforeInsertExpression" and I want them to follow camel casing that is common in .NET.
This question is also for CodeRush. | 2009/09/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1414078",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/103682/"
] | No, unfortunately there isn't a way. Resharper's Code Cleanup / Reformat Code options work nicely for formatting, namepaces, etc, but will not do any automatic member renaming. You're kinda stuck doing a "Quick Fix" on each member. If you have a lot of them, this can be a pain... | CodeRush's approach to this kind of fix is more of an interactive process.
Which is to say you have to physically be in the location of the variable whose name you wish to change and you have to change each one individually.
That said, there is a very powerful engine under CodeRush called the DXCore, which can be used to create a very wide variety of functionality. Indeed it is this layer on which the whole of CodeRush and RefactoPro are built.
I have no doubt that it could be used to create the functionality you are after. However I doubt that you would use the existing rename technology. I will have to look into this a little further, but I am optimistic about being able to produce something. |
17,288,506 | Is there any mechanism like destructors in C? Or is there another way to achieve it?
My requirement is that when a program terminates all memory allocated at runtime should be freed. I keep a list of memory that is allocated using `malloc`. | 2013/06/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/17288506",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1649421/"
] | A very simple solution is not to use `malloc`. This is an option adopted by some safety critical systems and they just use the stack.
Otherwise just terminate the program in a control fashion and tidy up during termination. | At application termination all memory allocated through malloc() will be freed unless the application becomes some kind of a zombie process. Normal termination should free all space otherwise.
The malloc() function uses operating system calls to allocate memory and when the process terminates the memory allocated to the process is reclaimed by the operating system.
I have seen cases of zombie processes under Windows in which a process stayed in memory hanging around until it was terminated via the Task Manager application. |
17,288,506 | Is there any mechanism like destructors in C? Or is there another way to achieve it?
My requirement is that when a program terminates all memory allocated at runtime should be freed. I keep a list of memory that is allocated using `malloc`. | 2013/06/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/17288506",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1649421/"
] | Another alternative is to write a memory manager.
The idea is that the memory manager allocates large blocks of memory and divides it into smaller pieces for the rest of the program to use. When the program terminates, the memory manager can just delete the large blocks.
That's the basic idea, although the memory manager may need to be more complex depending on the memory usage profile of the program.
There's a basic memory manager in the Doom source code you could examine: <http://doom.wikia.com/wiki/Zone_memory> | A very simple solution is not to use `malloc`. This is an option adopted by some safety critical systems and they just use the stack.
Otherwise just terminate the program in a control fashion and tidy up during termination. |
17,288,506 | Is there any mechanism like destructors in C? Or is there another way to achieve it?
My requirement is that when a program terminates all memory allocated at runtime should be freed. I keep a list of memory that is allocated using `malloc`. | 2013/06/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/17288506",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1649421/"
] | C++ uses RAII for managing resource lifetimes.
There is no such mechanism in C, Since you cannot have member functions for structures. Your main concern should be freeing memory allocations for reuse during the lifetime of the program rather than at the end of the lifetime. Once the program ends the OS will reclaim the leaked memory anyways.
Best way to do this in C is, to design your application to take care of lifetimes and code accordingly. This includes careful decision making of whether you really need dynamic memory allocations and if at all the lifetime of the allocated object should be well defined. | At application termination all memory allocated through malloc() will be freed unless the application becomes some kind of a zombie process. Normal termination should free all space otherwise.
The malloc() function uses operating system calls to allocate memory and when the process terminates the memory allocated to the process is reclaimed by the operating system.
I have seen cases of zombie processes under Windows in which a process stayed in memory hanging around until it was terminated via the Task Manager application. |
17,288,506 | Is there any mechanism like destructors in C? Or is there another way to achieve it?
My requirement is that when a program terminates all memory allocated at runtime should be freed. I keep a list of memory that is allocated using `malloc`. | 2013/06/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/17288506",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1649421/"
] | Another alternative is to write a memory manager.
The idea is that the memory manager allocates large blocks of memory and divides it into smaller pieces for the rest of the program to use. When the program terminates, the memory manager can just delete the large blocks.
That's the basic idea, although the memory manager may need to be more complex depending on the memory usage profile of the program.
There's a basic memory manager in the Doom source code you could examine: <http://doom.wikia.com/wiki/Zone_memory> | C++ uses RAII for managing resource lifetimes.
There is no such mechanism in C, Since you cannot have member functions for structures. Your main concern should be freeing memory allocations for reuse during the lifetime of the program rather than at the end of the lifetime. Once the program ends the OS will reclaim the leaked memory anyways.
Best way to do this in C is, to design your application to take care of lifetimes and code accordingly. This includes careful decision making of whether you really need dynamic memory allocations and if at all the lifetime of the allocated object should be well defined. |
17,288,506 | Is there any mechanism like destructors in C? Or is there another way to achieve it?
My requirement is that when a program terminates all memory allocated at runtime should be freed. I keep a list of memory that is allocated using `malloc`. | 2013/06/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/17288506",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1649421/"
] | The operating system will take care of this. When a program terminates, the OS will reclaim all memory used by the process. | At application termination all memory allocated through malloc() will be freed unless the application becomes some kind of a zombie process. Normal termination should free all space otherwise.
The malloc() function uses operating system calls to allocate memory and when the process terminates the memory allocated to the process is reclaimed by the operating system.
I have seen cases of zombie processes under Windows in which a process stayed in memory hanging around until it was terminated via the Task Manager application. |
17,288,506 | Is there any mechanism like destructors in C? Or is there another way to achieve it?
My requirement is that when a program terminates all memory allocated at runtime should be freed. I keep a list of memory that is allocated using `malloc`. | 2013/06/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/17288506",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1649421/"
] | Another alternative is to write a memory manager.
The idea is that the memory manager allocates large blocks of memory and divides it into smaller pieces for the rest of the program to use. When the program terminates, the memory manager can just delete the large blocks.
That's the basic idea, although the memory manager may need to be more complex depending on the memory usage profile of the program.
There's a basic memory manager in the Doom source code you could examine: <http://doom.wikia.com/wiki/Zone_memory> | The operating system will take care of this. When a program terminates, the OS will reclaim all memory used by the process. |
17,288,506 | Is there any mechanism like destructors in C? Or is there another way to achieve it?
My requirement is that when a program terminates all memory allocated at runtime should be freed. I keep a list of memory that is allocated using `malloc`. | 2013/06/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/17288506",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1649421/"
] | Another alternative is to write a memory manager.
The idea is that the memory manager allocates large blocks of memory and divides it into smaller pieces for the rest of the program to use. When the program terminates, the memory manager can just delete the large blocks.
That's the basic idea, although the memory manager may need to be more complex depending on the memory usage profile of the program.
There's a basic memory manager in the Doom source code you could examine: <http://doom.wikia.com/wiki/Zone_memory> | At application termination all memory allocated through malloc() will be freed unless the application becomes some kind of a zombie process. Normal termination should free all space otherwise.
The malloc() function uses operating system calls to allocate memory and when the process terminates the memory allocated to the process is reclaimed by the operating system.
I have seen cases of zombie processes under Windows in which a process stayed in memory hanging around until it was terminated via the Task Manager application. |
13,074 | Just a d\*mb question on Lie algebras:
Given a Dynkin diagram of a root system (or a Cartan Matrix), how do I know which combination of simple roots are roots?
Eg. Consider the root system of G\_2, let a be the short root and b be the long one, it is clear that a, b, b+a, b+2a, b+3a are positive roots. But it is not clear to me that 2b+3a is a root just from the Dynkin diagram. | 2010/01/26 | [
"https://mathoverflow.net/questions/13074",
"https://mathoverflow.net",
"https://mathoverflow.net/users/1657/"
] | Here's an answer in the simply-laced case. Its proof, and generalization to non-simply-laced, are left to the reader.
1) Start with a simple root, and think of it as a labeling of the Dynkin diagram with a 1 there and 0s elsewhere.
2) Look for a vertex whose label is < 1/2 the sum of the surrounding labels. Increment that label. You've found a root!
3) Go back to (2), unless there is no such vertex anymore. You've found the highest root!
Take the union over all such games, and you get all the positive roots. Include their negatives, and you have all roots.
If you start with a non-Dynkin-diagram, the game doesn't terminate. This is part of a way to classify the Dynkin diagrams.
[EDIT: yes it can terminate. There's a variant, where you replace the vertex label by the sum of the surrounding, minus the original label. *That* game terminates only for Dynkin diagrams.]
BTW at the highest root, most of the vertices have labels = 1/2 the surrounding sum. If you put in a new vertex, connected to those vertices with > 1/2 the sum, you get the affine Dynkin diagram. | Just a related point for hashing out arguments quickly:
If you ever find yourself in the situation where you want to rule out some vector being a root in a hurry, you can check it against the other roots you do know to see if you get a Cartan integer out of their dot products. |
13,074 | Just a d\*mb question on Lie algebras:
Given a Dynkin diagram of a root system (or a Cartan Matrix), how do I know which combination of simple roots are roots?
Eg. Consider the root system of G\_2, let a be the short root and b be the long one, it is clear that a, b, b+a, b+2a, b+3a are positive roots. But it is not clear to me that 2b+3a is a root just from the Dynkin diagram. | 2010/01/26 | [
"https://mathoverflow.net/questions/13074",
"https://mathoverflow.net",
"https://mathoverflow.net/users/1657/"
] | There is also a succinct description of the algorithm in he very last paragraph of §11.1 in page 56 of Humphrey's *Introduction to Lie algebras and representation theory*.
Here's the oblgatory [Google Books link](http://books.google.com/books?id=mSD4DvUFa6QC&lpg=PP1&dq=Humphreys%20Lie%20algebras&client=safari&pg=PA56#v=onepage&q=Coxeter%20graphs%20and%20Dynking%20diagrams&f=false).
I remember writing for fun a Fortran program (later translated to C) to compute the roots given a Cartan matrix. The algorithm has the virtue that if you input the Cartan matrix of an affine Kac-Moody algebra, say, it will still compute the roots level by level, except that, of course, it will never stop running :) | Just a related point for hashing out arguments quickly:
If you ever find yourself in the situation where you want to rule out some vector being a root in a hurry, you can check it against the other roots you do know to see if you get a Cartan integer out of their dot products. |
13,074 | Just a d\*mb question on Lie algebras:
Given a Dynkin diagram of a root system (or a Cartan Matrix), how do I know which combination of simple roots are roots?
Eg. Consider the root system of G\_2, let a be the short root and b be the long one, it is clear that a, b, b+a, b+2a, b+3a are positive roots. But it is not clear to me that 2b+3a is a root just from the Dynkin diagram. | 2010/01/26 | [
"https://mathoverflow.net/questions/13074",
"https://mathoverflow.net",
"https://mathoverflow.net/users/1657/"
] | Here's an answer in the simply-laced case. Its proof, and generalization to non-simply-laced, are left to the reader.
1) Start with a simple root, and think of it as a labeling of the Dynkin diagram with a 1 there and 0s elsewhere.
2) Look for a vertex whose label is < 1/2 the sum of the surrounding labels. Increment that label. You've found a root!
3) Go back to (2), unless there is no such vertex anymore. You've found the highest root!
Take the union over all such games, and you get all the positive roots. Include their negatives, and you have all roots.
If you start with a non-Dynkin-diagram, the game doesn't terminate. This is part of a way to classify the Dynkin diagrams.
[EDIT: yes it can terminate. There's a variant, where you replace the vertex label by the sum of the surrounding, minus the original label. *That* game terminates only for Dynkin diagrams.]
BTW at the highest root, most of the vertices have labels = 1/2 the surrounding sum. If you put in a new vertex, connected to those vertices with > 1/2 the sum, you get the affine Dynkin diagram. | This is explained quite clearly in Fulton and Harris' *Representation theory: a first course*, §21.3 (which you can read on googlebooks, for example) |
13,074 | Just a d\*mb question on Lie algebras:
Given a Dynkin diagram of a root system (or a Cartan Matrix), how do I know which combination of simple roots are roots?
Eg. Consider the root system of G\_2, let a be the short root and b be the long one, it is clear that a, b, b+a, b+2a, b+3a are positive roots. But it is not clear to me that 2b+3a is a root just from the Dynkin diagram. | 2010/01/26 | [
"https://mathoverflow.net/questions/13074",
"https://mathoverflow.net",
"https://mathoverflow.net/users/1657/"
] | Here's an answer in the simply-laced case. Its proof, and generalization to non-simply-laced, are left to the reader.
1) Start with a simple root, and think of it as a labeling of the Dynkin diagram with a 1 there and 0s elsewhere.
2) Look for a vertex whose label is < 1/2 the sum of the surrounding labels. Increment that label. You've found a root!
3) Go back to (2), unless there is no such vertex anymore. You've found the highest root!
Take the union over all such games, and you get all the positive roots. Include their negatives, and you have all roots.
If you start with a non-Dynkin-diagram, the game doesn't terminate. This is part of a way to classify the Dynkin diagrams.
[EDIT: yes it can terminate. There's a variant, where you replace the vertex label by the sum of the surrounding, minus the original label. *That* game terminates only for Dynkin diagrams.]
BTW at the highest root, most of the vertices have labels = 1/2 the surrounding sum. If you put in a new vertex, connected to those vertices with > 1/2 the sum, you get the affine Dynkin diagram. | There is also a succinct description of the algorithm in he very last paragraph of §11.1 in page 56 of Humphrey's *Introduction to Lie algebras and representation theory*.
Here's the oblgatory [Google Books link](http://books.google.com/books?id=mSD4DvUFa6QC&lpg=PP1&dq=Humphreys%20Lie%20algebras&client=safari&pg=PA56#v=onepage&q=Coxeter%20graphs%20and%20Dynking%20diagrams&f=false).
I remember writing for fun a Fortran program (later translated to C) to compute the roots given a Cartan matrix. The algorithm has the virtue that if you input the Cartan matrix of an affine Kac-Moody algebra, say, it will still compute the roots level by level, except that, of course, it will never stop running :) |
7,864 | I would love to start playing around with long exposure photography, more specifically light painting.
Sadly I don't have any camera except the iSight built into my Macbook Pro and my mid-range Android phone (*I'm in college. Money doesn't really exist for me*).
Does anyone know of a way to take long exposure photos using either a Mac or a good Android app that can? | 2011/01/29 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/7864",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/1960/"
] | Looks like there is an app that allows you to control the exposure and shutterspeed of the iSight:
<http://www.ecamm.com/mac/iglasses/settings.html#settings> | Based on your budget-related clause, I'd guess you don't have a very current phone, either, but just in case:
It's now possible to sideload the Pixel camera app on (nearly) any Android 9 or 10 phone with compatible camera hardware -- this includes night exposures up to one minute, and may (for compatible phones) include astrophotography mode up to several minutes. I know the night photo mode works on my three year old first-gen Pixel, even though it's not officially supported by this app version; I haven't yet been able to test astro mode.
Some phone models require a specially modified version of the camera app, while others don't, so you'll need to search specifically for your model to be sure you get the correct version of the camera app, but at least the night vision mode is now supported on most phones with high quality cameras made in the past 2-3 years. |
5,497,901 | I'm building one village's official site in Drupal 7. I need to create and store some information about village that will be accessible everywhere on the website (e.g. village's name, mayor's name, phone number, email, etc.). I want to define them in the admin site and access them in any node (e.g. all the data will be shown in the section about municipal office and some of them like phone number mentioned in the contact section. What is the best way to do that? Is there some module to handle that? Or should I write the own one? I have tried to search the answer there, but I found only topics about global variables (in PHP). | 2011/03/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5497901",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/685453/"
] | You can use the functions [variable\_get()](http://api.drupal.org/api/drupal/includes--bootstrap.inc/function/variable_get/7) and [variable\_set()](http://api.drupal.org/api/drupal/includes--bootstrap.inc/function/variable_set/7) to store arbitrary information that is available on all pages. It is easy to write a form that automatically saves all form fields with variable\_set(), see <http://drupal.org/node/222158>.
Note:
- Saving variables with variable\_set() will clear the cache of all variables, you should not use it for information that changes regularly.
- All variables are cached in a single, global cached and fetched on every single page request. You shouldn't store large amounts of data or data that is only used very seldomly. | The answer by Berdir is already very good in case you only want to store the raw data. However, if you always want to display the data in the same way like in some kind of widget format, you have other options, too.
For example, you could create a block with the contact details and you only show it on specific pages.
If you need more flexibility, you might consider to write a small module with different theming functions. You would either store the data directly in the module or in the variable table as outlined by Berdir.
In any case, if you want to allow the user to change this data on his own, you will probably need to write a small form in the backend. Otherwise, the user will need to manipulate the database directly to change the data. |
5,497,901 | I'm building one village's official site in Drupal 7. I need to create and store some information about village that will be accessible everywhere on the website (e.g. village's name, mayor's name, phone number, email, etc.). I want to define them in the admin site and access them in any node (e.g. all the data will be shown in the section about municipal office and some of them like phone number mentioned in the contact section. What is the best way to do that? Is there some module to handle that? Or should I write the own one? I have tried to search the answer there, but I found only topics about global variables (in PHP). | 2011/03/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5497901",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/685453/"
] | You can use the functions [variable\_get()](http://api.drupal.org/api/drupal/includes--bootstrap.inc/function/variable_get/7) and [variable\_set()](http://api.drupal.org/api/drupal/includes--bootstrap.inc/function/variable_set/7) to store arbitrary information that is available on all pages. It is easy to write a form that automatically saves all form fields with variable\_set(), see <http://drupal.org/node/222158>.
Note:
- Saving variables with variable\_set() will clear the cache of all variables, you should not use it for information that changes regularly.
- All variables are cached in a single, global cached and fetched on every single page request. You shouldn't store large amounts of data or data that is only used very seldomly. | You could also consider [Creating advanced theme settings](https://www.drupal.org/node/177868).
See how you can specify the site's logo path in your theme? You could do something similar with the info you would like to display on your site, practically setting up your theme as a template for a village website.
You get to add custom fields in your theme admin settings, field values can then be retrieved by using [theme\_get\_setting()](https://api.drupal.org/api/drupal/includes!theme.inc/function/theme_get_setting/7) |
43,785 | I have a friend who recently invited me to his house for dinner. Sometime in between, he had lit up a cigarette whilst we were standing on his balcony where he's kept a lot of potted plants. I noticed that he was throwing the ash off the cigarette onto on of the pots he was standing next to. At first i thought he was just trying to keep it off the floor but upon asking i found that this is something that he does often deliberately believing that it's beneficial for the plants. This is the first time im hearing of this. Is there any actual evidence of this being beneficial? For all i know, if ciggerate smoke is harmful then so would be the ash. | 2019/03/08 | [
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/43785",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/users/24787/"
] | Ash is never a viable soil amendment. Agriculture used to burn fields of corn stalks, sugar cane or whatever plant material was left after harvesting. That is no longer a practice today.
Burning the plant material is a waste. If there was any nitrogen tucked away in the newly dead plant material such as bark chips, leaves...that nitrogen is being used up by the decomposers. Decomposers are always first on the scene and they need nitrogen to do their work.
Allowing plant material to decompose versus burning adds to the life of the soil. Soil macro and micro organisms need DECOMPOSED organic matter to use for fuel, energy. The decomposers are an entirely different group of organisms.
Ash does nothing for the soil. If anything it makes clay harder to manage. The only way to improve ANY type of soil is by the dumping of DECOMPOSED organic material on the surface (after a one time double digging to make a plant bed different than the surfaces we walk on).
*The major problem with tobacco, the smoke, the ash, the residue on one's hands is virus. Mosaic Tobacco Virus.*
This virus is horrible for many plants such as; Tomato plants, all solanaceae, nicotiana, Marijuana plants...no one should touch plants after smoking, no smoking allowed nearby and absolutely no smoking in greenhouses! No smoking tobacco in the home with house plants. Virulent virus. –
*Abstract from one of the links I attached:
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is resistance to high temperature and able to survive over 10 years on dried leaves, and plant debris is considered as source of inoculums of TMV in the field. In order to inactivate TMV, TMV-infected cigar tobacco debris was composted at starting temperature of 50 ºC for two to three days; however, TMV was still infective in the extract compost. If a half leaf cigar tobacco 'H877' was inoculated with compost extract, the symptoms appeared as a necrotic local lesion (NLL) and did not develop systemic lesions. The dilution end point of TMV in extract compost was 10-3. The number of lesion was higher in the glasshouse with average daylight temperature of 32 ºC than in the field with average daylight temperature of 29-30 ºC. The number NLL was lower and NLL size seemed to be smaller on the first and second inoculated leaves with extract than that of on the first and second inoculated leaves with TMV inoculums. There was a delay of time about 58-106 hours after inoculation of NLL from extract compost inoculums to appear than those of from TMV inoculums. These could be happened because of mineral nutrients of compost and also the temperature of maintaining tobacco plant which inhibited the infections, and of a thermal composting process which destroyed some TMV particles, particularly degraded it’s coat protein.*
[excellent article on TMV tobacco mosaic virus](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles)
/PMC3615994/
[another article that is excellent](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/41560552_The_Presence_of_Tobacco_Mosaic_Virus_in_the_Compost_Extract_of_Cigar_Tobacco_Debris)
[finally a picture and great article](https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/disease/tobacco-mosaic-disease.htm)
You'll be an expert on this virus! You'll be able to explain to your smoker friends why they have to wash their hand and no smoking near your plants. Using your plants for a cigarette ash tray is not at all good for your plants. Humans have become a vector for this virus because of cigarettes and cigars. | Whether it's helpful depends a lot on what kind of plant you're growing.
Plant ashes in general have a lot of benefits to plants (which I have seen firsthand). They contain water soluble minerals that plants can use rather quickly. Wood ash contains a lot of calcium, an appreciable (but not huge) amounts of potassium, phosphorus and trace minerals; it also contains a lot of carbon (which some people think is good for the soil). Wood ash tends to contain so much calcium, in fact, that people use it to raise the pH of soil. Wood ash contains no nitrogen.
As stormy pointed out, Tobacco can carry tobacco mosaic virus. Various plants in the Nightshade family can contract the virus (e.g. tomatoes, peppers, tobacco, etc.); so, it's not a good idea to put cigarette ashes on any soil with these plants, and you probably don't want to put it on soil where you may plant those plants in the future, either. However, if the plants aren't in the Nightshade family, I don't see the harm in giving them the ash. If your friend was just putting it on a house plant, I doubt that it matters.
Tobacco ash is likely to contain a decent amount of calcium and other minerals, but I don't really know the exact profile of nutrients. I'm pretty sure only infected tobacco plants carry the virus; so, some cigarettes may carry it and some may not (I don't know what percent of commercial tobacco has the virus). Either way, I'd keep it away from tomatoes, peppers, and other stuff in the Nightshade family.
Plant ashes were used to help people survive when the British began to colonize Australia, since the soil was so poor.
I personally find wood ash useful for seedlings, tomatoes, transplants, and a variety of other crops. For seedlings, it helps the plants to be quite strong and it helps to keep obscure nutrient deficiencies away (of course, you don't want to use very much wood ash for that). I have used it on pre-transplant plants with weird deficiencies, and they did go away as a result (the plants greened up a lot, too).
I personally would not put *cigarette* ash on my plants, however, since I do grow a lot of Nightshade plants (but I don't smoke, either). I would also be concerned that the tobacco might be treated with other substances that may be harmful to plants.
One of the issues about wood ash, however (probably not so much about other plant ashes) is that they tend to contain a certain amount of heavy metals (the levels aren't particularly alarming, but if you use a lot of wood ash, the heavy metals may accumulate over time). Now, dynamic accumulators of heavy metals (e.g. sunflowers) will probably also have higher levels of heavy metals in their ashes.
I've met some people that are pretty biased against wood ash. They have their reasons, but for me, I find it to be a nice soil amendment, if used judiciously. One of the main arguments against it seems to be that there's no guaranteed level of certain minerals in it; so, using it is more of an art than a science. Some people think it can mess up your soil by raising the pH too high, and while it can raise the pH, it takes a fair amount of the stuff to make it so you can't grow anything in it (you don't need to use very much to use it as a soil amendment).
Other than wood ash, I haven't seen a lot of information online about plant ashes being used as soil amendments. Suffice it to say, though, they contain nutrients that were at one time absorbed by plants (granted they may be in different forms than they once were, due to the burning process, and some of the nutrients may be absent, like nitrogen).
I don't know whether nicotine survives the burning process, but that's something you may want to know.
I don't believe that smoke bothers most plants, in moderation (humans are a different story); obviously, if they're covered in ash, that may block the sunlight. However, I don't know if tobacco mosaic virus can be transported on the smoke (but I kind of doubt it). I know smokers with tomatoes, peppers, etc. who have never had the virus in their garden. (But I don't endorse smoking.) |
43,785 | I have a friend who recently invited me to his house for dinner. Sometime in between, he had lit up a cigarette whilst we were standing on his balcony where he's kept a lot of potted plants. I noticed that he was throwing the ash off the cigarette onto on of the pots he was standing next to. At first i thought he was just trying to keep it off the floor but upon asking i found that this is something that he does often deliberately believing that it's beneficial for the plants. This is the first time im hearing of this. Is there any actual evidence of this being beneficial? For all i know, if ciggerate smoke is harmful then so would be the ash. | 2019/03/08 | [
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/43785",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/users/24787/"
] | Ash is never a viable soil amendment. Agriculture used to burn fields of corn stalks, sugar cane or whatever plant material was left after harvesting. That is no longer a practice today.
Burning the plant material is a waste. If there was any nitrogen tucked away in the newly dead plant material such as bark chips, leaves...that nitrogen is being used up by the decomposers. Decomposers are always first on the scene and they need nitrogen to do their work.
Allowing plant material to decompose versus burning adds to the life of the soil. Soil macro and micro organisms need DECOMPOSED organic matter to use for fuel, energy. The decomposers are an entirely different group of organisms.
Ash does nothing for the soil. If anything it makes clay harder to manage. The only way to improve ANY type of soil is by the dumping of DECOMPOSED organic material on the surface (after a one time double digging to make a plant bed different than the surfaces we walk on).
*The major problem with tobacco, the smoke, the ash, the residue on one's hands is virus. Mosaic Tobacco Virus.*
This virus is horrible for many plants such as; Tomato plants, all solanaceae, nicotiana, Marijuana plants...no one should touch plants after smoking, no smoking allowed nearby and absolutely no smoking in greenhouses! No smoking tobacco in the home with house plants. Virulent virus. –
*Abstract from one of the links I attached:
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is resistance to high temperature and able to survive over 10 years on dried leaves, and plant debris is considered as source of inoculums of TMV in the field. In order to inactivate TMV, TMV-infected cigar tobacco debris was composted at starting temperature of 50 ºC for two to three days; however, TMV was still infective in the extract compost. If a half leaf cigar tobacco 'H877' was inoculated with compost extract, the symptoms appeared as a necrotic local lesion (NLL) and did not develop systemic lesions. The dilution end point of TMV in extract compost was 10-3. The number of lesion was higher in the glasshouse with average daylight temperature of 32 ºC than in the field with average daylight temperature of 29-30 ºC. The number NLL was lower and NLL size seemed to be smaller on the first and second inoculated leaves with extract than that of on the first and second inoculated leaves with TMV inoculums. There was a delay of time about 58-106 hours after inoculation of NLL from extract compost inoculums to appear than those of from TMV inoculums. These could be happened because of mineral nutrients of compost and also the temperature of maintaining tobacco plant which inhibited the infections, and of a thermal composting process which destroyed some TMV particles, particularly degraded it’s coat protein.*
[excellent article on TMV tobacco mosaic virus](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles)
/PMC3615994/
[another article that is excellent](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/41560552_The_Presence_of_Tobacco_Mosaic_Virus_in_the_Compost_Extract_of_Cigar_Tobacco_Debris)
[finally a picture and great article](https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/disease/tobacco-mosaic-disease.htm)
You'll be an expert on this virus! You'll be able to explain to your smoker friends why they have to wash their hand and no smoking near your plants. Using your plants for a cigarette ash tray is not at all good for your plants. Humans have become a vector for this virus because of cigarettes and cigars. | Wood ash, and/or charcoal, is the only ash I'm aware of being used as an amendment. The ash from a wood burning stove can be used to adjust PH of soil and add potassium / potash. Charcoal is similar to biochar, which is purported to support beneficial microbes and bacteria. But both should be used only if they come from clean wood, and sparingly.
Cigarette ash is likely to also act as PH modifier, but may contain trace chemicals since cigarettes contain many ingredients other than just tobacco. It probably isn't anything you'd want to add to edible plants. Ornamental plants may not mind it, and it might offer a small amount of potassium--but likely less than wood ash, and extremely little compared to most any plant fertilizer or compost.
So overall it could provide some benefits, but toxicity is a valid concern. Cigar ash might provide similar benefits with less risks, due to fewer additives. However, relative to nearly all other options tobacco ash is likely to be a poor amendment. |
43,785 | I have a friend who recently invited me to his house for dinner. Sometime in between, he had lit up a cigarette whilst we were standing on his balcony where he's kept a lot of potted plants. I noticed that he was throwing the ash off the cigarette onto on of the pots he was standing next to. At first i thought he was just trying to keep it off the floor but upon asking i found that this is something that he does often deliberately believing that it's beneficial for the plants. This is the first time im hearing of this. Is there any actual evidence of this being beneficial? For all i know, if ciggerate smoke is harmful then so would be the ash. | 2019/03/08 | [
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/43785",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/users/24787/"
] | Whether it's helpful depends a lot on what kind of plant you're growing.
Plant ashes in general have a lot of benefits to plants (which I have seen firsthand). They contain water soluble minerals that plants can use rather quickly. Wood ash contains a lot of calcium, an appreciable (but not huge) amounts of potassium, phosphorus and trace minerals; it also contains a lot of carbon (which some people think is good for the soil). Wood ash tends to contain so much calcium, in fact, that people use it to raise the pH of soil. Wood ash contains no nitrogen.
As stormy pointed out, Tobacco can carry tobacco mosaic virus. Various plants in the Nightshade family can contract the virus (e.g. tomatoes, peppers, tobacco, etc.); so, it's not a good idea to put cigarette ashes on any soil with these plants, and you probably don't want to put it on soil where you may plant those plants in the future, either. However, if the plants aren't in the Nightshade family, I don't see the harm in giving them the ash. If your friend was just putting it on a house plant, I doubt that it matters.
Tobacco ash is likely to contain a decent amount of calcium and other minerals, but I don't really know the exact profile of nutrients. I'm pretty sure only infected tobacco plants carry the virus; so, some cigarettes may carry it and some may not (I don't know what percent of commercial tobacco has the virus). Either way, I'd keep it away from tomatoes, peppers, and other stuff in the Nightshade family.
Plant ashes were used to help people survive when the British began to colonize Australia, since the soil was so poor.
I personally find wood ash useful for seedlings, tomatoes, transplants, and a variety of other crops. For seedlings, it helps the plants to be quite strong and it helps to keep obscure nutrient deficiencies away (of course, you don't want to use very much wood ash for that). I have used it on pre-transplant plants with weird deficiencies, and they did go away as a result (the plants greened up a lot, too).
I personally would not put *cigarette* ash on my plants, however, since I do grow a lot of Nightshade plants (but I don't smoke, either). I would also be concerned that the tobacco might be treated with other substances that may be harmful to plants.
One of the issues about wood ash, however (probably not so much about other plant ashes) is that they tend to contain a certain amount of heavy metals (the levels aren't particularly alarming, but if you use a lot of wood ash, the heavy metals may accumulate over time). Now, dynamic accumulators of heavy metals (e.g. sunflowers) will probably also have higher levels of heavy metals in their ashes.
I've met some people that are pretty biased against wood ash. They have their reasons, but for me, I find it to be a nice soil amendment, if used judiciously. One of the main arguments against it seems to be that there's no guaranteed level of certain minerals in it; so, using it is more of an art than a science. Some people think it can mess up your soil by raising the pH too high, and while it can raise the pH, it takes a fair amount of the stuff to make it so you can't grow anything in it (you don't need to use very much to use it as a soil amendment).
Other than wood ash, I haven't seen a lot of information online about plant ashes being used as soil amendments. Suffice it to say, though, they contain nutrients that were at one time absorbed by plants (granted they may be in different forms than they once were, due to the burning process, and some of the nutrients may be absent, like nitrogen).
I don't know whether nicotine survives the burning process, but that's something you may want to know.
I don't believe that smoke bothers most plants, in moderation (humans are a different story); obviously, if they're covered in ash, that may block the sunlight. However, I don't know if tobacco mosaic virus can be transported on the smoke (but I kind of doubt it). I know smokers with tomatoes, peppers, etc. who have never had the virus in their garden. (But I don't endorse smoking.) | Wood ash, and/or charcoal, is the only ash I'm aware of being used as an amendment. The ash from a wood burning stove can be used to adjust PH of soil and add potassium / potash. Charcoal is similar to biochar, which is purported to support beneficial microbes and bacteria. But both should be used only if they come from clean wood, and sparingly.
Cigarette ash is likely to also act as PH modifier, but may contain trace chemicals since cigarettes contain many ingredients other than just tobacco. It probably isn't anything you'd want to add to edible plants. Ornamental plants may not mind it, and it might offer a small amount of potassium--but likely less than wood ash, and extremely little compared to most any plant fertilizer or compost.
So overall it could provide some benefits, but toxicity is a valid concern. Cigar ash might provide similar benefits with less risks, due to fewer additives. However, relative to nearly all other options tobacco ash is likely to be a poor amendment. |
1,971,359 | I understand that the "NUnit vs. MSTest" question has been asked alot on SO. However, I have a simple question that I think hasn't been answered directly.
I am new to TDD, and I know that both have their pro's and con's, however I want to know from a simplicity point of view which would be easier, MSTest or NUnit?
I have no preconceived favorites, I just want to know if there are things that one has that the other does not that are large differences. | 2009/12/28 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1971359",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/88770/"
] | From the simplicity perspective MSTest has a clear bonus in terms of IDE Integration. No download, no install, no configuration just start unit testing. It's perfect to get your feet wet. I'd switch to NUnit (or personally MbUnit) later on.
For the basics (which you will definately start with) both frameworks have equal capabilities. When switching to any other framework you will notice some things are named differently, however the concepts remain the same. It's like switching from Java to C#. | There's a nice [comparison](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/261139/nunit-vs-mbunit-vs-mstest-vs-xunit-net) of unit testing frameworks. My personal advice would be to go with MSTest only if you use Microsoft Team Foundation Server for continuous integration, otherwise stick with open source alternatives. |
1,971,359 | I understand that the "NUnit vs. MSTest" question has been asked alot on SO. However, I have a simple question that I think hasn't been answered directly.
I am new to TDD, and I know that both have their pro's and con's, however I want to know from a simplicity point of view which would be easier, MSTest or NUnit?
I have no preconceived favorites, I just want to know if there are things that one has that the other does not that are large differences. | 2009/12/28 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1971359",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/88770/"
] | From the simplicity perspective MSTest has a clear bonus in terms of IDE Integration. No download, no install, no configuration just start unit testing. It's perfect to get your feet wet. I'd switch to NUnit (or personally MbUnit) later on.
For the basics (which you will definately start with) both frameworks have equal capabilities. When switching to any other framework you will notice some things are named differently, however the concepts remain the same. It's like switching from Java to C#. | I've actually never used MSTest myself since I started learning TDD with nUnit right away. One of the reasons I did not try out MSTest first was that I heard mostly negative opinions whenever I mentioned it to most TDD'ers. Again, I have no personal experience with it, I can only say I find nUnit easy to use.
There are also quite a few other options out there like xUnit and MBUnit which people also enjoy using and I have heard many good things about them. For my part I can say nUnit is a very full featured test framework and it works well for me.
If IDE integration is important, then I would suggest you get ReSharper which provides excellent IDE integration for nUnit and it also has support for most popular test frameworks, either natively or via plugins. Besides, everyone should be using ReSharper anyways, right? ;-). |
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