qid int64 1 74.7M | question stringlengths 12 33.8k | date stringlengths 10 10 | metadata list | response_j stringlengths 0 115k | response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5,634 | I updated to IE8 the other day on my Vista laptop, mostly because Windows Update kept bugging me about it. As a Chrome user, I don't really care so much about IE8, but I do have to use it occaisionally to test website compatibility.
At any rate, flash seems to be completely deactivated, and I don't see a place to re-enable it anywhere in the preferences. I've done a bit of googling on the issue, but only found information about how to disable flash, not how to actually enable it.
I have the flash 10 debug player installed, and it works fine with Chrome and Firefox. What could be the matter? | 2009/07/16 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/5634",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/2292/"
] | There's a Firefox add-on called [BlockSite](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/3145) that I used to use. You just input the domain and it will make sure no traffic to or from that domain will be through your computer.
It even goes so far as to make links to that domain plaintext so you can't even click on them.
Sadly, it's not supported by the latest versions of Firefox. Maybe someone has an alternative. | Have you tried doing a -experts-exchange.com in your Google query?
Edit:
Google's rule of thumb:
>
> The rule of thumb
>
>
> Each site on the Web is controlled by
> its own webmaster. If you find a page
> in Google's search results that you'd
> like to see changed, your best bet is
> to contact the webmaster and ask him
> or her to make a change.
>
>
>
It'd be funny for Experts Exchange to get a bunch of queries concerning this! |
5,634 | I updated to IE8 the other day on my Vista laptop, mostly because Windows Update kept bugging me about it. As a Chrome user, I don't really care so much about IE8, but I do have to use it occaisionally to test website compatibility.
At any rate, flash seems to be completely deactivated, and I don't see a place to re-enable it anywhere in the preferences. I've done a bit of googling on the issue, but only found information about how to disable flash, not how to actually enable it.
I have the flash 10 debug player installed, and it works fine with Chrome and Firefox. What could be the matter? | 2009/07/16 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/5634",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/2292/"
] | The [CustomizeGoogle](http://www.customizegoogle.com/) Firefox extension helps to filter search results
This is probably the easiest way i found ,rather than typing operators for each and every search | There's a Firefox add-on called [BlockSite](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/3145) that I used to use. You just input the domain and it will make sure no traffic to or from that domain will be through your computer.
It even goes so far as to make links to that domain plaintext so you can't even click on them.
Sadly, it's not supported by the latest versions of Firefox. Maybe someone has an alternative. |
159,530 | I have a light switch in a weird place in my house. I'd like to remove the light switch itself and just wire it permanently on and cover it with a flat faceplate. I'd ideally like to actually leave it there for future owners of the house. I have the blank faceplate [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/9HDJA.jpg)
Here's the tools I have. I think I have everything I need. The question is, aside from shutting off the power I am lost at what do I do to turn the switch permanently on.
Tools for Reference: [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/v85SQ.jpg)
Edit: behind the light switch images:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/v1oFk.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ExvCv.jpg)
So there's 3 wires behind the switch.
Edit 2: I was wrong about where the wires connected:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/tk63d.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UV9h2.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/GgAmR.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/68ESG.jpg)
EDIT
Completed JOB:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Tcdql.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/SwQb6.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jesHi.jpg) | 2019/03/10 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/159530",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/98138/"
] | In order to wire this switch as "always on", all three wires should be removed from the switch and bundled together with a wire nut.
The three wires is a bit non-standard and might lead you to believe this is a 3-way switch or some other kind of odd arrangement, but someone has used the stab connector and the screw on the top of this standard switch to tie those two wires together. If this switch only controls one light then one of the top wires is the power coming in, the other top wire is going on to another switch or outlet, and the bottom single wire is what provides power to your light.
If you wanted the switch to be "always off" the top two wires should be connected with a wire nut and the bottom wire would be capped off. For always on, bundle all three wires.
To release the wires from the stab connectors, there is a slot that you can fit a small screw driver in to push open the connector. | 1. Turn off power at breaker
2. Cut black and red wires conected to switch, or unwire them.
3. Strip according to strip gauge and wire-nut them together, cover with electrical tape.
4. Put back in box.
5. Attach faceplate
6. Turn power back on. |
17,974 | I have a gameboard grid which is 20 rows high and 10 columns wide with the origin (0,0) being in the top left hand corner.
I have a tetrimino in play, which is composed of four blocks.
I have the x,y location of each block relative to the top left hand corner origin.
I also have the position of the pivot, the point around which I wish to rotate which is relative to the top left hand corner origin.
Each block has an integer position in a gameboard square and thus the pivot has a fractional position inbetween blocks e.g (10.5,10.5)
My question is: Which formula can I use to rotate each block around the pivot?
I have already looked at existing similar questions and answers but could not find an answer that I could get to work.
Help would be much appreciated. | 2011/10/01 | [
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/17974",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | [The standard Tetris rotation logic is called Super Rotation System.](http://tetris.wikia.com/wiki/SRS) SRS is suited to high-level Tetris play, allowing for many variations on wall kicks and t-spins.
>
> All tetrominoes exist inside a bounding square and rotate about the center of this square unless obstructed. Tetrominoes of width 3 (J, L, S, T, Z) are placed in the top two rows of the bounding square and (for J, L, and T) with the flat side down. I is placed in the top middle row.
>
>
> All tetrominoes spawn in 2 usually hidden rows at the top of the playfield. They are placed in the center of these rows, rounding to the left.
> Once a tetromino lands, it does not lock until the lock delay expires. The lock delay behavior, called Infinity by the Tetris Company, resets the lock delay whenever the tetromino is moved or rotated. Hard drop is generally mapped to up, which has no lock delay.
>
>
>
[There is another common variant called ARS, which was used in Arika's *Tetris: The Grand Master* games.](http://tetris.wikia.com/wiki/ARS) | Follow the standard 2D rotation formulas in Mathematics should do your trick.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_(mathematics)#Matrix_algebra> |
326,725 | Lately I have been visiting some Stack Exchange sites like Italian Language and similar, and I saw a lot of people (moderators included) tend to comment chatty things like “Welcome to ...”. I know it’s friendly, nice and whatever, but isn’t it against the rules? When I first registered on Stack Exchange, I only used Stack Overflow and I always got downvoted/had my questions closed/etc., for less important things.
Plus, they even ask/answer weird things that on [more serious websites](https://stackoverflow.com) don’t exist (if not for just a few minutes) or, if they do, they get downvoted.
There they even get upvoted by a few people (probably just because the ones asking them have a lot of reputation or something) and it’s really confusing seeing this kind of difference between those websites. I love Stack Exchange because, unlike all other Q&A websites, it is constantly being controlled, so you only find quality content; but I think those uncontrolled (or controlled by a few people) communities tend to ruin this brilliant web site.
So my main question is: why do moderators, the ones that more than anybody else should know how to use this website, make such errors? | 2019/04/12 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/326725",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/471306/"
] | Small communities, especially ones still in beta, are different.
All Stack Exchange sites exist primarily to build a repository of knowledge on a particular topic. We want to build a library of well-asked questions with good, solid answers. That's why the focus is on Q&A and not forum-style chit-chat.
*However*, small communities need to grow, sometimes one user at a time, and especially when the topic is relatively "niche". While Stack Overflow is large enough that it isn't negatively affected by a bunch of users coming once, getting an answer, leaving, and never returning, on smaller sites "never returning" is a lost opportunity. We want to convert passersby into engaged users -- or, at least, the ones who want to help build that Q&A library.
And because the [easiest way to drive off a new user is to ignore the person](https://meta.stackexchange.com/a/167510/162102), experienced users on small sites (whether "regular" community members or moderators) leave what are *technically* chatty comments to welcome and guide the new user. These comments usually get deleted after a while, at least if moderators notice or people flag, but the people on the small sites I'm active on see these comments as helpful or at worst harmless. | If you think a comment is too chatty then you can always flag it as such.
If your flag gets declined and, on reflection, you still think that it is clearly too chatty, then you could re-flag, but a better alternative may be to post into the Meta of that site to see whether your views echo or are at odds with the rest of that community.
Personally, I like to see no chatty comments on sites because the Tour says, I think on all sites, that there should be no chit-chat. |
4,566 | [TechNet](http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee837424.aspx) provides a nice set of instructions for configuring PowerPoint Services.
Excerpt:
>
> 2) In the Central Administration Web
> site, in the Application Management
> section, click Manage service
> applications.
>
>
> 3) On the Service
> Applications page, click PowerPoint
> Service Application
>
>
>
Only one problem... There is no "PowerPoint Service Application" link present. Furthermore there are no Powershell commands related to PowerPoint available to me such as Get-SPPowerPointServiceApplication.
Can someone tell me where to find them? | 2010/08/05 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/4566",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/908/"
] | Later then 2010 Jimmy?
The thing is you can add the resources using the button which must be a little javascript or something so if I can mimick that action then I could haave all the resources preload when the page is opened. Know the process and not the theory, always the case :)
Matt | If you're looking for an answer, please visit blog post here:
<http://zepeda-mcmillan.blogspot.com/2011/03/displaying-default-resources-on-group.html>
I just encountered the same issue, and decided to come up with a workaround until MS fixes it. |
4,566 | [TechNet](http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee837424.aspx) provides a nice set of instructions for configuring PowerPoint Services.
Excerpt:
>
> 2) In the Central Administration Web
> site, in the Application Management
> section, click Manage service
> applications.
>
>
> 3) On the Service
> Applications page, click PowerPoint
> Service Application
>
>
>
Only one problem... There is no "PowerPoint Service Application" link present. Furthermore there are no Powershell commands related to PowerPoint available to me such as Get-SPPowerPointServiceApplication.
Can someone tell me where to find them? | 2010/08/05 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/4566",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/908/"
] | I know this is an old thread, but having just found a great workaround in the Microsoft social forum, I wanted to share it here (the original post can be found [here](http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/0833985b-e9ec-4732-a66f-529969203425/view-all-resources-on-a-sharepoint-group-calendar-by-default?forum=sharepointgeneralprevious)):
Here is how I managed to get around the issue with the resource reservation calendar:
1. Create a new Group Calendar. In the More Options select "Use this calendar for resource reservations"
2. Once the calendar is created, go into the Calendar list settings. Click Title Description and Navigation. Set "Use this calendar for resource reservation" to no.
3. While in the calendar list settings, Click Change new button order and default content type. Check "Reservations" and set it to the default content type.
When you go back to the calendar it will just have the normal calendar ribbon without the buggy resource selection options. When you add a new list item, the calendar will be associated to the resource list and let you select the resources and detect their availability.
Moreover, in the normal day, week or month view, you will see all the reservations made. If you set a convention in naming the title of an event, you can easily see what resource each event is tied to. | Unfortunately, there is a POST to an .ashx page for every resource you add. Only solution I see is to build a custom webpart which renders a form for every resource, method=POST, action=the specific URL to the .ashx page, including all parameters. |
4,566 | [TechNet](http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee837424.aspx) provides a nice set of instructions for configuring PowerPoint Services.
Excerpt:
>
> 2) In the Central Administration Web
> site, in the Application Management
> section, click Manage service
> applications.
>
>
> 3) On the Service
> Applications page, click PowerPoint
> Service Application
>
>
>
Only one problem... There is no "PowerPoint Service Application" link present. Furthermore there are no Powershell commands related to PowerPoint available to me such as Get-SPPowerPointServiceApplication.
Can someone tell me where to find them? | 2010/08/05 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/4566",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/908/"
] | I think this hooks into the resources mailboxes in later versions of MS Exchange, but I could be wrong. | Unfortunately, there is a POST to an .ashx page for every resource you add. Only solution I see is to build a custom webpart which renders a form for every resource, method=POST, action=the specific URL to the .ashx page, including all parameters. |
4,566 | [TechNet](http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee837424.aspx) provides a nice set of instructions for configuring PowerPoint Services.
Excerpt:
>
> 2) In the Central Administration Web
> site, in the Application Management
> section, click Manage service
> applications.
>
>
> 3) On the Service
> Applications page, click PowerPoint
> Service Application
>
>
>
Only one problem... There is no "PowerPoint Service Application" link present. Furthermore there are no Powershell commands related to PowerPoint available to me such as Get-SPPowerPointServiceApplication.
Can someone tell me where to find them? | 2010/08/05 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/4566",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/908/"
] | I think this hooks into the resources mailboxes in later versions of MS Exchange, but I could be wrong. | You can create a SharePoint Group like "Staff" and add the members that you need to that group make sure domain users has permissions for this group as well so that any user can use the group. Then you just type Staff in the resources text box and the ten resources get added. |
4,566 | [TechNet](http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee837424.aspx) provides a nice set of instructions for configuring PowerPoint Services.
Excerpt:
>
> 2) In the Central Administration Web
> site, in the Application Management
> section, click Manage service
> applications.
>
>
> 3) On the Service
> Applications page, click PowerPoint
> Service Application
>
>
>
Only one problem... There is no "PowerPoint Service Application" link present. Furthermore there are no Powershell commands related to PowerPoint available to me such as Get-SPPowerPointServiceApplication.
Can someone tell me where to find them? | 2010/08/05 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/4566",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/908/"
] | Later then 2010 Jimmy?
The thing is you can add the resources using the button which must be a little javascript or something so if I can mimick that action then I could haave all the resources preload when the page is opened. Know the process and not the theory, always the case :)
Matt | Unfortunately, there is a POST to an .ashx page for every resource you add. Only solution I see is to build a custom webpart which renders a form for every resource, method=POST, action=the specific URL to the .ashx page, including all parameters. |
4,566 | [TechNet](http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee837424.aspx) provides a nice set of instructions for configuring PowerPoint Services.
Excerpt:
>
> 2) In the Central Administration Web
> site, in the Application Management
> section, click Manage service
> applications.
>
>
> 3) On the Service
> Applications page, click PowerPoint
> Service Application
>
>
>
Only one problem... There is no "PowerPoint Service Application" link present. Furthermore there are no Powershell commands related to PowerPoint available to me such as Get-SPPowerPointServiceApplication.
Can someone tell me where to find them? | 2010/08/05 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/4566",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/908/"
] | I know this is an old thread, but having just found a great workaround in the Microsoft social forum, I wanted to share it here (the original post can be found [here](http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/0833985b-e9ec-4732-a66f-529969203425/view-all-resources-on-a-sharepoint-group-calendar-by-default?forum=sharepointgeneralprevious)):
Here is how I managed to get around the issue with the resource reservation calendar:
1. Create a new Group Calendar. In the More Options select "Use this calendar for resource reservations"
2. Once the calendar is created, go into the Calendar list settings. Click Title Description and Navigation. Set "Use this calendar for resource reservation" to no.
3. While in the calendar list settings, Click Change new button order and default content type. Check "Reservations" and set it to the default content type.
When you go back to the calendar it will just have the normal calendar ribbon without the buggy resource selection options. When you add a new list item, the calendar will be associated to the resource list and let you select the resources and detect their availability.
Moreover, in the normal day, week or month view, you will see all the reservations made. If you set a convention in naming the title of an event, you can easily see what resource each event is tied to. | I know this post was created quite a while ago but I will post my recommendation in case someone else comes looking...
I may be misunderstanding the question but there seems to be a simpler solution if all you want to do is look at a calendar and see what resources are being used. One way is to create a new view and make the title of the event be the resources column instead of the 'title' column.
If you use a week view instead of month view, you could actually assign the resources to be the subheading instead of the title so you could still see the actual name of the event too.
Another way is using the Week Group view where you can add resources at the bottom to view their availability throughout the week before you add events. |
4,566 | [TechNet](http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee837424.aspx) provides a nice set of instructions for configuring PowerPoint Services.
Excerpt:
>
> 2) In the Central Administration Web
> site, in the Application Management
> section, click Manage service
> applications.
>
>
> 3) On the Service
> Applications page, click PowerPoint
> Service Application
>
>
>
Only one problem... There is no "PowerPoint Service Application" link present. Furthermore there are no Powershell commands related to PowerPoint available to me such as Get-SPPowerPointServiceApplication.
Can someone tell me where to find them? | 2010/08/05 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/4566",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/908/"
] | Unfortunately, there is a POST to an .ashx page for every resource you add. Only solution I see is to build a custom webpart which renders a form for every resource, method=POST, action=the specific URL to the .ashx page, including all parameters. | If you're looking for an answer, please visit blog post here:
<http://zepeda-mcmillan.blogspot.com/2011/03/displaying-default-resources-on-group.html>
I just encountered the same issue, and decided to come up with a workaround until MS fixes it. |
4,566 | [TechNet](http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee837424.aspx) provides a nice set of instructions for configuring PowerPoint Services.
Excerpt:
>
> 2) In the Central Administration Web
> site, in the Application Management
> section, click Manage service
> applications.
>
>
> 3) On the Service
> Applications page, click PowerPoint
> Service Application
>
>
>
Only one problem... There is no "PowerPoint Service Application" link present. Furthermore there are no Powershell commands related to PowerPoint available to me such as Get-SPPowerPointServiceApplication.
Can someone tell me where to find them? | 2010/08/05 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/4566",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/908/"
] | Later then 2010 Jimmy?
The thing is you can add the resources using the button which must be a little javascript or something so if I can mimick that action then I could haave all the resources preload when the page is opened. Know the process and not the theory, always the case :)
Matt | You can create a SharePoint Group like "Staff" and add the members that you need to that group make sure domain users has permissions for this group as well so that any user can use the group. Then you just type Staff in the resources text box and the ten resources get added. |
4,566 | [TechNet](http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee837424.aspx) provides a nice set of instructions for configuring PowerPoint Services.
Excerpt:
>
> 2) In the Central Administration Web
> site, in the Application Management
> section, click Manage service
> applications.
>
>
> 3) On the Service
> Applications page, click PowerPoint
> Service Application
>
>
>
Only one problem... There is no "PowerPoint Service Application" link present. Furthermore there are no Powershell commands related to PowerPoint available to me such as Get-SPPowerPointServiceApplication.
Can someone tell me where to find them? | 2010/08/05 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/4566",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/908/"
] | I know this is an old thread, but having just found a great workaround in the Microsoft social forum, I wanted to share it here (the original post can be found [here](http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/0833985b-e9ec-4732-a66f-529969203425/view-all-resources-on-a-sharepoint-group-calendar-by-default?forum=sharepointgeneralprevious)):
Here is how I managed to get around the issue with the resource reservation calendar:
1. Create a new Group Calendar. In the More Options select "Use this calendar for resource reservations"
2. Once the calendar is created, go into the Calendar list settings. Click Title Description and Navigation. Set "Use this calendar for resource reservation" to no.
3. While in the calendar list settings, Click Change new button order and default content type. Check "Reservations" and set it to the default content type.
When you go back to the calendar it will just have the normal calendar ribbon without the buggy resource selection options. When you add a new list item, the calendar will be associated to the resource list and let you select the resources and detect their availability.
Moreover, in the normal day, week or month view, you will see all the reservations made. If you set a convention in naming the title of an event, you can easily see what resource each event is tied to. | You can create a SharePoint Group like "Staff" and add the members that you need to that group make sure domain users has permissions for this group as well so that any user can use the group. Then you just type Staff in the resources text box and the ten resources get added. |
4,566 | [TechNet](http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee837424.aspx) provides a nice set of instructions for configuring PowerPoint Services.
Excerpt:
>
> 2) In the Central Administration Web
> site, in the Application Management
> section, click Manage service
> applications.
>
>
> 3) On the Service
> Applications page, click PowerPoint
> Service Application
>
>
>
Only one problem... There is no "PowerPoint Service Application" link present. Furthermore there are no Powershell commands related to PowerPoint available to me such as Get-SPPowerPointServiceApplication.
Can someone tell me where to find them? | 2010/08/05 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/4566",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/908/"
] | I think this hooks into the resources mailboxes in later versions of MS Exchange, but I could be wrong. | If you're looking for an answer, please visit blog post here:
<http://zepeda-mcmillan.blogspot.com/2011/03/displaying-default-resources-on-group.html>
I just encountered the same issue, and decided to come up with a workaround until MS fixes it. |
898,408 | I have made a flex app deep link before but now I want to make an ajax app deep link.
I have no idea where to start.
I assume I need a way to listen for when the #hash in the url changes and be able to read it. And I assume I need a way to update the #hash in the url.
Does anyone know how to do all that?
Thanks! | 2009/05/22 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/898408",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/46011/"
] | have a look at [SWFAddress](http://www.asual.com/swfaddress/) (deep linking for both Flash and Ajax)
UPDATE: if you use jQuery look at their [jQuery Address](http://www.asual.com/jquery/address/) | If you're using jquery you might want to have a look at this:
[Deep Linking with jQuery Address plugin](http://www.electricfairground.com/2009/10/01/restoring-conventional-page-navigation-to-your-javascript-application-with-jquery-history-plugin/) |
270,839 | I am trying to understand the H-bridge, I have edited the circuit and followed the advice in this thread. Is this a good H-bridge design?
[simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2f1dLSc.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/)
I have also added a digital short-circuit protection. How can this circuit be improved? | 2016/11/22 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/270839",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/93492/"
] | The H bridge is all about the controlled switching of current direction. Those switches could be toggle switches, relay switches, BJTs, MOSFETs etc.
**The generic H-Bridge circuit**
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/eOOET.png).
The bridge has **two sides** (labelled A & B in the diagram) - this is a **full bridge** arrangement. On each side there is a **high side switch** and a **low side switch**. In many circuits these will be P MOSFETS or PNP BJTs. There are also circuits which use N MOSFETS and NPN BJTs. Its usually these high **side switches that create interfacing problems** due to the higher voltage required at their inputs to switch them properly.
If the circuit had only **one side** it would be called a **half bridge**.
Note that the **MOTOR** is shown as an **inductor**. This is a reasonable approximation as the H-Bridge's "load".
When an inductor (e.g. motor, solenoid, relay coil) is turned ON the current builds up and **stores energy in the form of a magnetic field**. In the case of a motor this magnetic field causes the rotor to turn.
**The problem occurs when we try to turn the current OFF**. The magnetic field collapses and induces a very high voltage with the opposite polarity to the original supply. This **back e.m.f.** can be several hundred volts and can easily destroy semiconductors or cause severe pitting/arcing on mechanical switches.
**Diode protection:**
The four diodes offer a safe, **short circuit path** to this back e.m.f. preventing any damage. In forward current direction they do not conduct.
**H-Bridge operation:**
*Circuit 1* shows all the switches in the OFF (or open) position. The PWM can be open OR closed, it has no effect because there is no current path through the motor. This is the free wheeling set up.
*Circuit 2* shows the bottom two switches (SWLA and SWRA) closed. This puts a short circuit across the motor. This acts as a brake because the (free) turning motor is acting as a generator and the short circuit acts a load absorbing the energy produced. This could also be achieved by using top two switches SWHA & SWHB. Note there is **no current path** between the supply (+V) and ground (0V)
*Circuit 3* shows the motor in forward drive. SWHA and SWLB are closed so the current can flow through the motor when the PWM switch is closed. It is vital that SWHB & SWLA are open. Speed is controlled by the mark/space ratio or pulse width of the signal which opens and closes SW PWM.
*Circuit 4* shows the position of the switches for reversing the motor.
The key to safely operating an H-Bridge is to ensure that the control signal (some form of logic/level switching interface) **can never allow** one side (SWHA,SWLA or SWHB,SWLB) or both sides (SWHA,SWLA and SWHB,SWLB) to be closed at the same time. This would place a short circuit across the supply thus releasing the magic blue smoke. | That circuit is fatally flawed because if the bases were connected as shown there would be potentially amps of current flowing continuously into the circuit and there is nothing that the OR gates could do about it. Throw it away and find a more realistic circuit that uses base resistors and avoids shoot-through problems.
If the H bridge were fixed circuit-wise, the diodes are there to divert back-emfs from the load (presumably a motor, solenoid or relay) back to the power supply and, not shown is the all-important capacitor across the H bridge power rails to "catch" this energy and prevent high voltage overload of the transistors. |
31,775 | I've been using mamp for a while now and everything has been working great. Then today I go to start it up and mamp alert tells me that apache is already running on that port and to pick another one. So without starting mamp, I type in local host in the web browser - my usual way to get to the sites that I'm developing - and a page pops up and it reads IT WORKS!, which tells me that I have an index.php file somewhere on my computer that echos It works!. But mamp is not running and I can't find this stupid it works file anywhere. Is there any way to diagnose this and perhaps kill this apache server so that I can start mamp back up without switching my ports? | 2011/11/20 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/31775",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/13863/"
] | I prefer using [High Performance Computing](http://hpc.sourceforge.net/)'s versions of the GNU compilers, as I need a Fortran compiler, which Apple does not offer.
this solution avoids installing anything BUT a GCC compiler, whereas fink and macports will add quite a lot of stuff to your system. The HPC compiler requires having Apple's developer's tools installed already, but since you mention having gcc I guess you do. | There might be a simpler way using Package Managers like Fink, Homebrew, MacPorts but according to <http://pdb.finkproject.org/pdb/browse.php?sec=devel> Fink doesn't have a g++ package. I don't use Homebrew or MacPorts so you'll have to do your own research.
Another (relatively more work) option is to download g++ version (4.3.1) you want, config it differently (i.e point it away from the default directories for e.g. /usr/bin but instead have the executable symlink to /usr/local) before building and installing it. |
31,775 | I've been using mamp for a while now and everything has been working great. Then today I go to start it up and mamp alert tells me that apache is already running on that port and to pick another one. So without starting mamp, I type in local host in the web browser - my usual way to get to the sites that I'm developing - and a page pops up and it reads IT WORKS!, which tells me that I have an index.php file somewhere on my computer that echos It works!. But mamp is not running and I can't find this stupid it works file anywhere. Is there any way to diagnose this and perhaps kill this apache server so that I can start mamp back up without switching my ports? | 2011/11/20 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/31775",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/13863/"
] | I prefer using [High Performance Computing](http://hpc.sourceforge.net/)'s versions of the GNU compilers, as I need a Fortran compiler, which Apple does not offer.
this solution avoids installing anything BUT a GCC compiler, whereas fink and macports will add quite a lot of stuff to your system. The HPC compiler requires having Apple's developer's tools installed already, but since you mention having gcc I guess you do. | Thanks to Kenneth, you can install this pkg made for Lion:
<https://github.com/kennethreitz/osx-gcc-installer/downloads>
Note, this may be the wrong gcc for your needs as it is just an 'Xcode independent' installation of the Apple provided compilers, so the GCC is the same as that version of Xcode from whence it came. In addition, the project is now been mothballed in favour of Apple's own CLI tools package.
<http://www.kennethreitz.com/xcode-gcc-and-homebrew.html> |
11,809 | There is a square grid in which there are empty and filled blocks. A number of contiguous blocks form an object. My bot can find out the status of it's neighbouring 8 blocks (whether they are filled or not). It can move to a neighbouring position if there is no filled block over there.
I have 2 questions
First one :
My code works for the case when there are no tight spaces (i.e., when objects have at least 2 empty blocks between them). But, in the case when there can be a single space between 2 blocks, since my bot has no way of knowing if the neighbouring filled blocks belong to the same or different objects, it fails to encircle the object.
Is there a way to get around this problem?
The other question :
What would be the best search strategy for this? I've been thinking of assigning rewards to neighbouring spaces on the basis of how many unvisited spaces it will allow me to visit if I visit that neigbouring space, but a much simpler strategy seems to be :
keep going right till you hit the wall, the go up and keep going left, then up and right ....
Is there a catch to this approach? | 2011/05/01 | [
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/11809",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com",
"https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/users/7068/"
] | An easy way to encircle an object is to just 'stick your left hand out' and walk forwards, keeping your hand on the object.
So, for your bot, you need to keep track of its direction, then if the tile to the left (relative to its current direction) is free then turn left and move forward.
If its not free, and ahead is free then move forwards, and if ahead isn't free then turn right. | Maybe just [use pathfinding. A\* is a good and easy algorithm for that](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%2a_search_algorithm). |
1,627 | I think it is time for me to move on from this stack. I joined originally as an experiment, as a way of better understanding the Stack Exchange model. I feel the experiment was a success, but part of the understanding I gained is that this model only works for certain subjects and writing isn't one of them.
I seem to have written the same basic answers several dozen times now, and I realize that while in programming there are thousands of small algorithms to ask about, and an infinity of bugs to fix, when it comes to writing, there are really on a few general principles, and answering questions about writing really means showing how a particular principle applies to a particular piece of writing. And that just does not fit the question and answer format very well.
Addressing writing problems works best as a back and forth about how general principles apply to particular texts -- both existing works and the works of the people facing the problems. But all of that is off topic here -- as it should be, since it does not fit the Q/A format.
So, that's it. While I'm not saying you'll never see me here again (why slam the door on the way out?), for now it is so long and thanks for all the fish. | 2018/08/12 | [
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/1627",
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | It's always sad to see active members go, especially members as active as you are on sites as small as Writing.SE - you've done *a lot* for the site. I can see that even though I haven't been active on Writing.SE, or even SE in general, for as long as you have been supporting this site.
Thanks for everything you have contributed and thanks for the insights about your reasons for leaving. I hope we'll see you around again at some point, or maybe just sporadically when you want to see how the site is doing. | Although many members of this community have been helpful to me, I found your answers to be the most influential and insightful. I won't question your decision, but I will challenge your conclusion.
a) Although many of the questions lend themselves to similar answers, I've gained a lot of additional insight even from reading your similar answers on multiple questions.
b) In terms of writing answers, I've also found my own answers improving, sometimes dramatically, over the course of answering similar questions repeatedly.
So I wouldn't agree that this format doesn't suit this topic, nor that there's nothing new to teach or learn here. |
1,627 | I think it is time for me to move on from this stack. I joined originally as an experiment, as a way of better understanding the Stack Exchange model. I feel the experiment was a success, but part of the understanding I gained is that this model only works for certain subjects and writing isn't one of them.
I seem to have written the same basic answers several dozen times now, and I realize that while in programming there are thousands of small algorithms to ask about, and an infinity of bugs to fix, when it comes to writing, there are really on a few general principles, and answering questions about writing really means showing how a particular principle applies to a particular piece of writing. And that just does not fit the question and answer format very well.
Addressing writing problems works best as a back and forth about how general principles apply to particular texts -- both existing works and the works of the people facing the problems. But all of that is off topic here -- as it should be, since it does not fit the Q/A format.
So, that's it. While I'm not saying you'll never see me here again (why slam the door on the way out?), for now it is so long and thanks for all the fish. | 2018/08/12 | [
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/1627",
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | I learned a lot from you Mark, in a very short amount of time, and now there's a mantra that echoes in my head about **choices** that comes from your consistent answers. I will miss you. | Although many members of this community have been helpful to me, I found your answers to be the most influential and insightful. I won't question your decision, but I will challenge your conclusion.
a) Although many of the questions lend themselves to similar answers, I've gained a lot of additional insight even from reading your similar answers on multiple questions.
b) In terms of writing answers, I've also found my own answers improving, sometimes dramatically, over the course of answering similar questions repeatedly.
So I wouldn't agree that this format doesn't suit this topic, nor that there's nothing new to teach or learn here. |
1,627 | I think it is time for me to move on from this stack. I joined originally as an experiment, as a way of better understanding the Stack Exchange model. I feel the experiment was a success, but part of the understanding I gained is that this model only works for certain subjects and writing isn't one of them.
I seem to have written the same basic answers several dozen times now, and I realize that while in programming there are thousands of small algorithms to ask about, and an infinity of bugs to fix, when it comes to writing, there are really on a few general principles, and answering questions about writing really means showing how a particular principle applies to a particular piece of writing. And that just does not fit the question and answer format very well.
Addressing writing problems works best as a back and forth about how general principles apply to particular texts -- both existing works and the works of the people facing the problems. But all of that is off topic here -- as it should be, since it does not fit the Q/A format.
So, that's it. While I'm not saying you'll never see me here again (why slam the door on the way out?), for now it is so long and thanks for all the fish. | 2018/08/12 | [
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/1627",
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Mark, you will be missed. I have always enjoyed reading your contributions. Please do pop back in from time to time. | Although many members of this community have been helpful to me, I found your answers to be the most influential and insightful. I won't question your decision, but I will challenge your conclusion.
a) Although many of the questions lend themselves to similar answers, I've gained a lot of additional insight even from reading your similar answers on multiple questions.
b) In terms of writing answers, I've also found my own answers improving, sometimes dramatically, over the course of answering similar questions repeatedly.
So I wouldn't agree that this format doesn't suit this topic, nor that there's nothing new to teach or learn here. |
1,627 | I think it is time for me to move on from this stack. I joined originally as an experiment, as a way of better understanding the Stack Exchange model. I feel the experiment was a success, but part of the understanding I gained is that this model only works for certain subjects and writing isn't one of them.
I seem to have written the same basic answers several dozen times now, and I realize that while in programming there are thousands of small algorithms to ask about, and an infinity of bugs to fix, when it comes to writing, there are really on a few general principles, and answering questions about writing really means showing how a particular principle applies to a particular piece of writing. And that just does not fit the question and answer format very well.
Addressing writing problems works best as a back and forth about how general principles apply to particular texts -- both existing works and the works of the people facing the problems. But all of that is off topic here -- as it should be, since it does not fit the Q/A format.
So, that's it. While I'm not saying you'll never see me here again (why slam the door on the way out?), for now it is so long and thanks for all the fish. | 2018/08/12 | [
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/1627",
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | It's always sad to see active members go, especially members as active as you are on sites as small as Writing.SE - you've done *a lot* for the site. I can see that even though I haven't been active on Writing.SE, or even SE in general, for as long as you have been supporting this site.
Thanks for everything you have contributed and thanks for the insights about your reasons for leaving. I hope we'll see you around again at some point, or maybe just sporadically when you want to see how the site is doing. | I learned a lot from you Mark, in a very short amount of time, and now there's a mantra that echoes in my head about **choices** that comes from your consistent answers. I will miss you. |
1,627 | I think it is time for me to move on from this stack. I joined originally as an experiment, as a way of better understanding the Stack Exchange model. I feel the experiment was a success, but part of the understanding I gained is that this model only works for certain subjects and writing isn't one of them.
I seem to have written the same basic answers several dozen times now, and I realize that while in programming there are thousands of small algorithms to ask about, and an infinity of bugs to fix, when it comes to writing, there are really on a few general principles, and answering questions about writing really means showing how a particular principle applies to a particular piece of writing. And that just does not fit the question and answer format very well.
Addressing writing problems works best as a back and forth about how general principles apply to particular texts -- both existing works and the works of the people facing the problems. But all of that is off topic here -- as it should be, since it does not fit the Q/A format.
So, that's it. While I'm not saying you'll never see me here again (why slam the door on the way out?), for now it is so long and thanks for all the fish. | 2018/08/12 | [
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/1627",
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | It does get pretty repetitive; I agree with that. I will also agree that the Q/A format doesn't lend itself to the most helpful kind of help; discussing particular passages. But that strays into "review" or critique of writing.
I don't see why that can't be a question; world-building gets new questions every hour that effectively are about "what to write" (how does my all female society reproduce?) or critiques of what was written (some fictional social system or device).
While we regularly go half a day without a new question to answer.
A page is 250 words; I'd think we could help more people if we did reviews of up to a page, or even half a page. It's not like they would be getting in the way of all those other non-existent questions. | Although many members of this community have been helpful to me, I found your answers to be the most influential and insightful. I won't question your decision, but I will challenge your conclusion.
a) Although many of the questions lend themselves to similar answers, I've gained a lot of additional insight even from reading your similar answers on multiple questions.
b) In terms of writing answers, I've also found my own answers improving, sometimes dramatically, over the course of answering similar questions repeatedly.
So I wouldn't agree that this format doesn't suit this topic, nor that there's nothing new to teach or learn here. |
1,627 | I think it is time for me to move on from this stack. I joined originally as an experiment, as a way of better understanding the Stack Exchange model. I feel the experiment was a success, but part of the understanding I gained is that this model only works for certain subjects and writing isn't one of them.
I seem to have written the same basic answers several dozen times now, and I realize that while in programming there are thousands of small algorithms to ask about, and an infinity of bugs to fix, when it comes to writing, there are really on a few general principles, and answering questions about writing really means showing how a particular principle applies to a particular piece of writing. And that just does not fit the question and answer format very well.
Addressing writing problems works best as a back and forth about how general principles apply to particular texts -- both existing works and the works of the people facing the problems. But all of that is off topic here -- as it should be, since it does not fit the Q/A format.
So, that's it. While I'm not saying you'll never see me here again (why slam the door on the way out?), for now it is so long and thanks for all the fish. | 2018/08/12 | [
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/1627",
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Mark, you will be missed. I have always enjoyed reading your contributions. Please do pop back in from time to time. | Mark, thanks for all the time, thought, and effort you've put into Writing.SE.
I'm very much in sympathy with your conclusions. Indeed, I've dialed back my own participation tremendously, for very much the same reasons.
What I am seeing is that the site feels healthier, more active, with questions seeing much more engagement and activity and variety, than it was a few years back. I definitely feel like we're much, much closer to the kind of critical mass we need for the site to be, pretty much, self-perpetuating. I strongly feel that your solid, helpful answers to so many questions has been a huge help in carrying the site forward to reaching critical mass.
Serious kudos, all the best, and I hope we'll be seeing you pop in when some questions do spark your interest :D |
1,627 | I think it is time for me to move on from this stack. I joined originally as an experiment, as a way of better understanding the Stack Exchange model. I feel the experiment was a success, but part of the understanding I gained is that this model only works for certain subjects and writing isn't one of them.
I seem to have written the same basic answers several dozen times now, and I realize that while in programming there are thousands of small algorithms to ask about, and an infinity of bugs to fix, when it comes to writing, there are really on a few general principles, and answering questions about writing really means showing how a particular principle applies to a particular piece of writing. And that just does not fit the question and answer format very well.
Addressing writing problems works best as a back and forth about how general principles apply to particular texts -- both existing works and the works of the people facing the problems. But all of that is off topic here -- as it should be, since it does not fit the Q/A format.
So, that's it. While I'm not saying you'll never see me here again (why slam the door on the way out?), for now it is so long and thanks for all the fish. | 2018/08/12 | [
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/1627",
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Sorry to see you leave! I hope you decide to participate again in the future, you've been a very valuable contributor. | Mark, thanks for all the time, thought, and effort you've put into Writing.SE.
I'm very much in sympathy with your conclusions. Indeed, I've dialed back my own participation tremendously, for very much the same reasons.
What I am seeing is that the site feels healthier, more active, with questions seeing much more engagement and activity and variety, than it was a few years back. I definitely feel like we're much, much closer to the kind of critical mass we need for the site to be, pretty much, self-perpetuating. I strongly feel that your solid, helpful answers to so many questions has been a huge help in carrying the site forward to reaching critical mass.
Serious kudos, all the best, and I hope we'll be seeing you pop in when some questions do spark your interest :D |
1,627 | I think it is time for me to move on from this stack. I joined originally as an experiment, as a way of better understanding the Stack Exchange model. I feel the experiment was a success, but part of the understanding I gained is that this model only works for certain subjects and writing isn't one of them.
I seem to have written the same basic answers several dozen times now, and I realize that while in programming there are thousands of small algorithms to ask about, and an infinity of bugs to fix, when it comes to writing, there are really on a few general principles, and answering questions about writing really means showing how a particular principle applies to a particular piece of writing. And that just does not fit the question and answer format very well.
Addressing writing problems works best as a back and forth about how general principles apply to particular texts -- both existing works and the works of the people facing the problems. But all of that is off topic here -- as it should be, since it does not fit the Q/A format.
So, that's it. While I'm not saying you'll never see me here again (why slam the door on the way out?), for now it is so long and thanks for all the fish. | 2018/08/12 | [
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/1627",
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Mark, thanks for all the time, thought, and effort you've put into Writing.SE.
I'm very much in sympathy with your conclusions. Indeed, I've dialed back my own participation tremendously, for very much the same reasons.
What I am seeing is that the site feels healthier, more active, with questions seeing much more engagement and activity and variety, than it was a few years back. I definitely feel like we're much, much closer to the kind of critical mass we need for the site to be, pretty much, self-perpetuating. I strongly feel that your solid, helpful answers to so many questions has been a huge help in carrying the site forward to reaching critical mass.
Serious kudos, all the best, and I hope we'll be seeing you pop in when some questions do spark your interest :D | Although many members of this community have been helpful to me, I found your answers to be the most influential and insightful. I won't question your decision, but I will challenge your conclusion.
a) Although many of the questions lend themselves to similar answers, I've gained a lot of additional insight even from reading your similar answers on multiple questions.
b) In terms of writing answers, I've also found my own answers improving, sometimes dramatically, over the course of answering similar questions repeatedly.
So I wouldn't agree that this format doesn't suit this topic, nor that there's nothing new to teach or learn here. |
1,627 | I think it is time for me to move on from this stack. I joined originally as an experiment, as a way of better understanding the Stack Exchange model. I feel the experiment was a success, but part of the understanding I gained is that this model only works for certain subjects and writing isn't one of them.
I seem to have written the same basic answers several dozen times now, and I realize that while in programming there are thousands of small algorithms to ask about, and an infinity of bugs to fix, when it comes to writing, there are really on a few general principles, and answering questions about writing really means showing how a particular principle applies to a particular piece of writing. And that just does not fit the question and answer format very well.
Addressing writing problems works best as a back and forth about how general principles apply to particular texts -- both existing works and the works of the people facing the problems. But all of that is off topic here -- as it should be, since it does not fit the Q/A format.
So, that's it. While I'm not saying you'll never see me here again (why slam the door on the way out?), for now it is so long and thanks for all the fish. | 2018/08/12 | [
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/1627",
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | It's always sad to see active members go, especially members as active as you are on sites as small as Writing.SE - you've done *a lot* for the site. I can see that even though I haven't been active on Writing.SE, or even SE in general, for as long as you have been supporting this site.
Thanks for everything you have contributed and thanks for the insights about your reasons for leaving. I hope we'll see you around again at some point, or maybe just sporadically when you want to see how the site is doing. | It does get pretty repetitive; I agree with that. I will also agree that the Q/A format doesn't lend itself to the most helpful kind of help; discussing particular passages. But that strays into "review" or critique of writing.
I don't see why that can't be a question; world-building gets new questions every hour that effectively are about "what to write" (how does my all female society reproduce?) or critiques of what was written (some fictional social system or device).
While we regularly go half a day without a new question to answer.
A page is 250 words; I'd think we could help more people if we did reviews of up to a page, or even half a page. It's not like they would be getting in the way of all those other non-existent questions. |
1,627 | I think it is time for me to move on from this stack. I joined originally as an experiment, as a way of better understanding the Stack Exchange model. I feel the experiment was a success, but part of the understanding I gained is that this model only works for certain subjects and writing isn't one of them.
I seem to have written the same basic answers several dozen times now, and I realize that while in programming there are thousands of small algorithms to ask about, and an infinity of bugs to fix, when it comes to writing, there are really on a few general principles, and answering questions about writing really means showing how a particular principle applies to a particular piece of writing. And that just does not fit the question and answer format very well.
Addressing writing problems works best as a back and forth about how general principles apply to particular texts -- both existing works and the works of the people facing the problems. But all of that is off topic here -- as it should be, since it does not fit the Q/A format.
So, that's it. While I'm not saying you'll never see me here again (why slam the door on the way out?), for now it is so long and thanks for all the fish. | 2018/08/12 | [
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/1627",
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.meta.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Mark, you will be missed. I have always enjoyed reading your contributions. Please do pop back in from time to time. | It does get pretty repetitive; I agree with that. I will also agree that the Q/A format doesn't lend itself to the most helpful kind of help; discussing particular passages. But that strays into "review" or critique of writing.
I don't see why that can't be a question; world-building gets new questions every hour that effectively are about "what to write" (how does my all female society reproduce?) or critiques of what was written (some fictional social system or device).
While we regularly go half a day without a new question to answer.
A page is 250 words; I'd think we could help more people if we did reviews of up to a page, or even half a page. It's not like they would be getting in the way of all those other non-existent questions. |
63,007 | My situation is kind of similar to this post.
[This Post](https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/60774/how-can-i-tell-my-boss-that-i-will-work-at-a-slower-pace-until-i-receive-a-raise?newreg=ff9c009763374ab0a9d60f70034c9e99 "How can I tell my boss that I will work at a slower pace until I receive a raise?")
I have been with my current company for almost 5 years now. In my first three years I used to get raises every 6 months. (not to mention that my starting salary was veeeeeery low and those bumps brought my salary to norm, may be a little bit above it.)
Now my company has frozen raises and hires for almost two years now, my manager and company president always compliment me on my high performance, my ethics and my hard work, however although Im very grateful for my job (because almost everyone in my town are jobless now!) but it sometimes bothers me that my friends now get 30~40% more than me. I am looking for a new position, however what are reasonable alternatives that I can ask for in my next performance review?
* I am thinking of extra paid vacation days (but I really dont like this, I prefer cash money in my pocket! ;-) ),
* Maybe they give me company shares instead of a jump in the salary (so my hard work will pay off when the economy picks up again),
* Maybe ask for a bigger severance package in case they decided to lay off me? (which I really don't think happening unless the whole company goes down, at least this gives ma sense of security that if the ship sank I will not drown)
What are the other reasonable options? I offered the option 1 to my manager in my last performance review but after six months he has not given me a definite answer and every time I try to lead the conversation to financial stuff he dodges the bullet. | 2016/03/03 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/63007",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/47502/"
] | If signing today I would put:
Rights this **3rd** day of **March**, 201**6** | **Edited**: For anyone like me who thought "in witness whereof" means a separate person needs to witness the document, that is not the case. It is just a legal archaism that is almost meaningless. I based my answer on [an unreliable webpage](http://www.ask.com/government-politics/phrase-witness-whereof-mean-930f5f38fff0e213). Thanks to Pete for pointing out my error.
I'm not sure, but I think you should not fill in those lines. "IN WITNESS WHEREOF" means you need to have a witness sign this section, perhaps a notary public with a seal. The witness will fill in the date when they sign.
That being said, if your employer hasn't said anything about needing a witness for this contract you aren't sure how to fill out something in your employment contract, ask them what to do. |
247,347 | I am signed up on Stack Overflow using my own personal e-mail address, as I did not want to lose reputation and badges when moving from one job to the next. At my current job, it is strictly verboten to use web mail clients or access personal e-mail accounts, so I would like to add a second (work) e-mail address at which I can be notified when someone answers or comments on one of my questions, but I cannot find any way to do that.
If anyone can point me in the right direction or tell me if this is possible, I would greatly appreciate it. | 2015/01/20 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/247347",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/228374/"
] | Yes, you can ask a question even if you don't have a compelling need to know the answer right now. This, by itself, doesn't automatically make the question inappropriate.
That said, it is a bit of a red flag. To your statement:
>
> They could be very general
>
>
>
This is quite a bit more concerning. It's a sign that the question is likely to be Too Broad. Questions on SO need to be specific and quite narrow in scope. Questions shouldn't be just throwing out some topic and trying to spark a large discussion about it.
Even if you don't need to know the answer to this particular question, it should be reasonable for someone else to be in the same situation, and to have a specific answer to that specific question that can be answered by any answers to this question. | Yes and No.
Yes, it's OK to ask a question that is on topic and can draw good and helpful answers, since the main focus of Stack Exchange sites is the content.
No, it's not OK to just ignore all the answers that might come.
At the very least, you should:
1. Indicate in the question itself that you're not asking this for your personal gain and that you would not be able to judge given answers yourself. This can come in the end of the question in small text, e.g.
>
> Disclaimer: ...
>
>
>
2. Flag your own question asking to make it CW so that you won't gain reputation you don't really deserve as you won't put any further efforts into this.
3. At least review given answers to see if they somehow fit, edit bad grammar and syntax etc. |
15,005 | I saw that there is a post with a [List of TCS conferences](https://cstheory.stackexchange.com/questions/7900/list-of-tcs-conferences-and-workshops). However, this does not list important dates like conference date, submission deadline etc. Is there any post or website which maintains these information and also keeps it up-to-date? | 2013/01/08 | [
"https://cstheory.stackexchange.com/questions/15005",
"https://cstheory.stackexchange.com",
"https://cstheory.stackexchange.com/users/9569/"
] | I'm maintaining such a list here:
<https://sites.google.com/site/yixincaoresearch/conferences>.
Thanks due to Anupam Gupta and Iftah Gamzu. | Miki Hermann maintains such a list, and keeps it very much up-to-date:
<http://www.lix.polytechnique.fr/Labo/Miki.Hermann/conf.html> |
98,804 | I'd like to run a pptp vpn server on a raspberry pi in my home network behind a fritz.box.
It should work like this:
Android - internet - fritz - raspberry-pptp - internet
Client can connect, but no internet access.
1723 and GRE are open on fritz and should go to raspberry.
How do I have to iptable to make Android get internet via raspberry? | 2019/05/20 | [
"https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/98804",
"https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com",
"https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/users/79615/"
] | Question
>
> ***Pie fired - Why?***
>
>
>
***Answer***
There is 50% chance that the pins 1, 2, 3 labelled below are hardwired to Gnd or Vcc. These pins are used for dry run, without Rpi connected. You use a jumper to short the pair of pins to check out if the motor can move.
But if you connect your Rpi GPIO pins to these dry run test pins, ***Pi fried instantly***.
You might use a multimeter to measure the voltages at these pins, or give me the link to the motor driver to check out the schematics to confirm.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/myIOG.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/qwSlN.jpg) | I can't see anything obviously wrong with the schematic.
Likely causes.
* connecting more than 3V3 to a GPIO
* connecting more than 3V3 to a 3V3 pin
* connecting more than 5V to a 5V pin |
98,804 | I'd like to run a pptp vpn server on a raspberry pi in my home network behind a fritz.box.
It should work like this:
Android - internet - fritz - raspberry-pptp - internet
Client can connect, but no internet access.
1723 and GRE are open on fritz and should go to raspberry.
How do I have to iptable to make Android get internet via raspberry? | 2019/05/20 | [
"https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/98804",
"https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com",
"https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/users/79615/"
] | You fried your pi because the **V+ is wired to PWR+** so you just sent 12V to your pi. There is not much information about this driver board but there is a thread at the raspberry pi forum and someone even made a schematic of the circuit. You can read more info here: <https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=241060>
Appart of V+ being wired to PWR+ there is also an important fact:
>
> The two enables, ENA and ENB, if left disconnected, default to enabled
> high with 10K pull-ups to Vcc. If you need to control them, the
> IR2104S shutdown inputs enable at 3V rising and 0.8V falling.
>
>
> The four inputs, IN1A [the first input for bridge A], IN2A, IN1B, and
> IN2B, have 10K pull-downs, and 1.25V thresholds. With this, they are
> 3.3V, 5V, and 12V logic compatible, as long as low is less than the threshold.
>
>
>
I am sorry for your pi but I hope this helps in the future. | I can't see anything obviously wrong with the schematic.
Likely causes.
* connecting more than 3V3 to a GPIO
* connecting more than 3V3 to a 3V3 pin
* connecting more than 5V to a 5V pin |
163,241 | After installing Ubuntu 12.04 my CPU temperature gets abnormally high: 80-86 °C. I saw that the CPU fan isn't running. Is it possible for this problem to be caused by Ubuntu or not? | 2012/07/13 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/163241",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/76836/"
] | I don't think it caused by Ubuntu. Please check
* Your BIOS setting.
* Reset it to default.
* Update your BIOS.
It it does not work then you have problem with your FAN. (I think)!
Please let me know the update. | When my laptop g6 does that I took a needle and rotate it manually then I start the computer again and it works again, it happen twice now. |
359,340 | I am fitting a heating system to my boat and want to know which of these two systems will use less energy from my 12v batteries. System one is a heating unit which uses 190 watts at 240v through an inverter, and system two is a heating unit which uses 72 watts at 12v direct from the battery bank. Many thanks. | 2018/03/02 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/359340",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/179872/"
] | The 72W DC system will use 72 watts from your batteries, and deliver 72 watts to where the heater is sited.
The 190W AC system will use somewhere north of 190W from your batteries, maybe 220W, deliver 190W to where the heater is, and 30W to where the inverter is. If you're careful with layout, you can make the inverter deliver its waste heat to the place you want heated as well.
Either way, that's not much heat for a boat. I suggest you get a gas fired heater. | >
> which of these two systems will use less energy from my 12v batteries
>
>
>
72 watts means that the energy usage is 72 joules per second. 190 watts is 190 joules per second. Given that the "joule" is the SI unit for energy you should be able to figure which has the lower energy usage. Additionally the inverter might waste 30 watts in the voltage conversion from 12 volts to 240 volts.
So the 72 watt scenario will draw 6 amps from a 12 volt battery and the 190 watt (plus 30 watts-ish) scenario will draw about 18 or 19 amps from the 12 volt battery. |
3,908,907 | Today under developer.apple.com member center > iOS Provisioning Portal > Provisioning menu
when clicked only brings up the "Development Provisioning Profiles"
it has to "Distribution Provisioning Profiles" !
Any idea why this is so? Any change in the way we need to create "Distribution Provisioning Profiles" | 2010/10/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3908907",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/472580/"
] | I had the Same problem. The Solution was that I was Admin for iOS Development, BUT only a member in Safari Development . Tell your agent to make you Admin for safari too and you will be able see the Distribution Tab. | Only certain users in the portal have permissions to see/use the Distribution Provisioning Profiles tab. I believe "Team Member" roles are not able to see the Distribution tab. Make sure the user you are using to login with is a "Team Agent". |
3,908,907 | Today under developer.apple.com member center > iOS Provisioning Portal > Provisioning menu
when clicked only brings up the "Development Provisioning Profiles"
it has to "Distribution Provisioning Profiles" !
Any idea why this is so? Any change in the way we need to create "Distribution Provisioning Profiles" | 2010/10/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3908907",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/472580/"
] | I had the Same problem. The Solution was that I was Admin for iOS Development, BUT only a member in Safari Development . Tell your agent to make you Admin for safari too and you will be able see the Distribution Tab. | Same issue here, matter of fact all tabs have disappeared in the Provisioning section (including "Development" and "How to". Last time I was able to access the Distribution tab was last friday. I have not been able to find an explanation on the developer portal. I guess at this point we'll have to wait. I'll be sure to post an answer as soon as the problem gets solved on my end. |
3,908,907 | Today under developer.apple.com member center > iOS Provisioning Portal > Provisioning menu
when clicked only brings up the "Development Provisioning Profiles"
it has to "Distribution Provisioning Profiles" !
Any idea why this is so? Any change in the way we need to create "Distribution Provisioning Profiles" | 2010/10/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3908907",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/472580/"
] | I had the Same problem. The Solution was that I was Admin for iOS Development, BUT only a member in Safari Development . Tell your agent to make you Admin for safari too and you will be able see the Distribution Tab. | Same issue for me. Yesterday all works fine but today the Distribution Profile Tab disappears. I hope it just a bug on the site! |
283 | So as the title suggests, what if you could play cash games on this site but instead of using cash you use reputation.
I'm mainly suggesting NLH and PLO.
**Pros:**
* Could encourage activity on the site to help it grow.
* Gives additional weight to the reputation e.g. players with more reputation are arguably more skilled players, thus likely to have more experience to offer.
* Could be a fun and interactive element that makes this *StackExchange* unique.
I would suggest 1/2 rep games with a minimum sit-down of 100. Also, you would need say 500 reputation to play at all.
It's probably a crazy idea with a lot of development work required, limited servers and limited players with 500 rep plus, but it certainly would be interesting!
**Another point:** I think it would be best if the game was not in real-time.
So in other words, you would post your decision *(check, fold, raise)* within 24 hours. This could encourage users to continue to browse the site, answering and editing posts, etc, and would limit the strain on servers greatly when compared to real-time.
It also encourages users to engage with the site potentially over months to get a large number of hands in. Finally it reduces the chance of players blowing their rep within a short period of time.
**Buy-ins and Number of Tables:**
When you "buy-in" to a game it would be like bounty where the reputation is locked in. When you cash out it would be added to what you currently have.
Also, to prevent people focusing too much on the site games, you could have a limit of one table per 500 rep. | 2017/08/14 | [
"https://poker.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/283",
"https://poker.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://poker.meta.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Simply put, no. I don't see it as practical, or likely feasible.
* It would be way too easy to cheat.
* That's not what SE is for. A similar suggest has been made and shot down on Chess.se
* The reputation system is in place for a reason. It should be earned through participation and knowledge sharing, not out-drawing or out-flopping another user.
* Most poker players don't sit down with the intention of having to wait hours or days for their opponent to make a decision. | Everyone on SE could up vote this and SE is not going to do this.
SE is not going to get into the business of running a poker site.
SE is not going to undermine reputation.
A one day shot clock is terrible idea. A hand could take a month. |
9,335,177 | I have a copy of the PAF (UK Postcode) database it is currently stored in a MySql Database, and i use it on my site to pre-fill address details, however the Database huge 28,000,000+ records and it is very slow to search.
Any ideas how I could slit the DB to improve performance?
Thanks for the help guys! | 2012/02/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/9335177",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1213833/"
] | that is not a large database, not even a large table. you must set appropiate indexes over the table and you will get good performance | There could be several ideas:
* create indexes, meaningful ofcourse
* review your schema. Avoid using huge datatypes like INT, BIGINT, TEXT etc unless absolutely required
* optimize your queries so they use indexes, EXPLAIN statement might help
* split your table into multiple smaller tables, say for example based on zones - north, east, west, south etc.
* If your table doesn't require many INSERTs or UPDATEs, which I assume it might not being a postcode table, query cache can be a big help for faster queries
You will need to play around and see what option works best for you. But I think the first 2 should just be enough.
Hope it helps! |
11,785 | We've a Webform which picks and updates existing contact's data. Is it possible to add a "check data" step somehow after webform submission has been made but before actual contact record change? There seems to be no corresponded event-condition-action chain in Rules/Webform Rules/CiviRules. | 2016/05/12 | [
"https://civicrm.stackexchange.com/questions/11785",
"https://civicrm.stackexchange.com",
"https://civicrm.stackexchange.com/users/652/"
] | Suggest you look at giving users only the option to create Draft webform submissions (maybe just hide 'submit' via js) - then you take over and do the actual Submission | Webform validation module can run a number of checks on specific fields on your webform - <https://www.drupal.org/project/webform_validation>
If you're worried about SPAM submissions install Mollom: <https://www.drupal.org/project/mollom> - and configure it to monitor your webform submissions. |
56,324 | I am staying in Thailand right now on a "long holiday" to do some work on my laptop.
A few weeks I noticed that at the condo where I am staying, sometimes I am redirected to ad sites. I researched it and learned there may be some problem with the wireless router's security (the model, TD-W8961ND, has a known vulnerability). I can find the router at 192.168.1.1 but no passwords work. I believe the attackers may have changed the password. Just yesterday, the attacks got severe and most websites would redirect to a fake site to "upgrade flash player" (malware file).
I tried to get the router replaced but when it came back from the ISP, it still has the same problem. So it looks like the router is still configured to redirect to malicious addresses.
My questions are:
1) What is the likelihood that financial information conducted over SSL could have been affected during this breach? Passwords? I normally don't fall for these traps but since I was using a compromised router for 2 months, it's possible they got me somehow.
2) I am now using a secure OpenVPN connection and no longer experiencing any problems from my router because my requests are all going to the VPN server first. If I stay connected via VPN, am I still vulnerable to problems exposed to me by this router? (Let's assume there's no way I can actually fix the problem).
3) Or, does anybody know if there's a way to force-reset the router back to admin/admin so I can log in and look at the security settings and patch the vulnerability?
Regards,
Grey | 2014/04/22 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/56324",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/45149/"
] | 1) As long as your browser has shown a green (or at least not red and with a warning message) `https` in the address bar then you've successfully authenticated to the other end without compromise. It's highly unlikely for the attacker to be able to man-in-the-middle the SSL connection without the private keys of the host server (e.g. your bank) to sign the ssl certificates that the https host has. If he tried to sign certificates, the browser would detect his falsely signed ones.
2) As for VPN, it depends. If you do it over SSH, make sure the presented fingerprint is in fact that of the host you are connecting to. The fingerprint might be cached by your computer already, so if your VPN connection starts automatically, the chances are very high that there is no compromise otherwise the VPN software would throw some alert message at you saying that the fingerprint has changed (indicating a possible man-in-the-middle).
Of course, if you do anything over plain old HTTP, forget about all security.
3) I'm sure there's a way. Just google the make and model of the router. | there is a problem in these routers & it can't be fixed unless the hardware version is 3. it is mentioned in the following link
<http://forum.tp-link.com/showthread.php?75663-Failed-to-upgrade-firmware-of-TD-W8961ND>
in addition to the heartbleed bug it is very dangerous for you to use this router with websites like bank or any work related. because almost everything could be exposed. |
468 | My department is looking for a CRM tool to manage its relationship with graduated students (either on BSc, MSc or PhD level). What we want to achieve:
* Show our candidates that you can get a well paid work after graduating Physics in Poland (they don't believe such positions exist)
* Allow our department to track careers of out students and possibly change study program to better fulfill their needs
* Gain input from former students
* Allow current and former students to view/apply for job opportunities (people from our department who start a company often look for people with similar education level)
All these use cases are more or less practiced now, but mainly using emails.
I was wondering what are established practices, particularly in Western Universities (since Polish ones tend to lag somewhat, especially when it comes to such problems). **Do your departments do any kind of alumni tracking?** If yes, what tools do you use? If not, why not? | 2012/02/28 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/468",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/117/"
] | [LinkedIn](http://www.linkedin.com/) is a fine resource for this sort of thing, especially for keeping track of alums' careers and contact data. I encourage my students to link to me for exactly this reason. | Our [Link Alumni app](https://linkalumniapp.com) helps you reunite with your classmates from the past. It aims to create a professional private network for alumni where they can connect, communicate, share and support various business opportunities and networking events.
We have customized system in which we design according to our client requirements:
1. Create awareness about the details of the job by posting and sharing the details with your alumni network. Pitch ideas to fellow alumni for a start-up and get started.
2. Give back to the community; help your alumni network by guiding them and sharing your experience through mentoring, boss talks and other CSR activities.
3. Create events and invite alumni network by sharing details and media gallery of the event. Purchase event tickets through different online payment methods easily.
4. Helping all the students in their journey by guiding and providing a solution to their concerns and problems related to before, during and also after the graduation. |
41,598 | Recently on [Good Morning Amercia](https://www.goodmorningamerica.com/travel/video/hilton-celebrates-100th-anniversary-special-surprise-deserving-volunteer-63367244), Hilton's CEO Chris Nassetta appeared to talk about Hilton's 100th Anniversary.
It was discussed, amongst other things, how Hilton has had many 'firsts', including first hotel room TV, first room service, first piña colada etc. One of the things Nassetta claimed Hilton invented is the chocolate brownie - first baked by one of the chefs at Chicago's [Palmer House Hilton](https://www.palmerhousehiltonhotel.com/).
Looking at the [wikipedia page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate_brownie) for the Chocolate Brownie, this seems to check out:
>
> "Bertha Palmer, a prominent Chicago socialite whose husband owned the Palmer House Hotel. In 1893 Palmer asked a pastry chef for a dessert suitable for ladies attending the Chicago World's Columbian Exposition. She requested a cake-like confection smaller than a piece of cake that could be included in boxed lunches. The result was the Palmer House Brownie with walnuts and an apricot glaze."
>
>
>
However, a quick read of the [Wikipedia page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Palmer_House_Hilton) for the hotel, we find that this Hotel did not become part of the Hilton chain until 1945, 52 years after the brownie was invented.
>
> "In December 1945, Conrad Hilton bought the Palmer House for $20 million and it was thereafter known as The Palmer House Hilton. In 2005, Hilton sold the property to Thor Equities, but it remains part of the Hilton chain."
>
>
>
My question is: Is it legal for a company to claim ownership of a product if they buy the place in which it was created? | 2019/05/31 | [
"https://law.stackexchange.com/questions/41598",
"https://law.stackexchange.com",
"https://law.stackexchange.com/users/25957/"
] | In the US, in general anyone can claim anything. Others are free to believe or disbelieve the claim. In theory, a person might base their decision to do business with Hilton partly on this particular claim (this is why some software companies start presentations about their new features with a Safe Harbor statement letting the audience know not to base purchasing decisions on unreleased features), and in that case they could argue that Hilton's claim damaged them by causing them to enter into a contract under false pretenses. I doubt such a case would be meritorious, but there could be some contrived situation where the point of whether Hilton owned the hotel when it invented the brownie was actually important. | Utility patents in the United States used to expire after 17 years, now they expire after 20 years. If there was a patent on the original chocolate brownie, it is long expired.
A form of protection that can last indefinitely is the trademark, but there doesn't seem to be any trademark in this situation.
A brownie is not a work within the meaning of the copyright law, so that form of intellectual property protection does not apply. |
103,564 | I'm trying to connect my external monitor (via VGA cable) to my laptop, using Bumblebee and the Optimus configuration.
I have a Lenovo W520, with an Intel GMA HD 3000 and an Nvidia Quadro 2000M. The BIOS has three options regarding the graphic cards - integrated, discrete, and Optimus.
The use case is very simple. For work, I just use the integrated card and the laptop display; when I watch movies though, I want to use my projector. Now, what I have to do in this case is:
* reboot
* start windows
* watch the movie
Thanks to Bumblebee, I'm able now to keep the setup always as Optimus.
Before BB, I had to change the BIOS setting every time I wanted to watch a movie, because even in windows, using integrated graphics caused the projector not to be detected by the system (I suppose that this is what they generally mean by "hardwired output", and that the VGA output is hardwired to the discrete card).
Now, what I'd like to do, is to be able to connect the external monitor without having to switch O/S, that is, to use it in Ubuntu.
Is it possible?
Right now, if I want to use the external monitor on Ubuntu, the only option is to change the BIOS to use the discrete graphics, then use nvidia-settings.
If I use instead the Optimus setup, even when I run it using "optirun nvidia-settings -c :8", I don't get any option for an external monitor.
Is there something I can do? | 2012/02/12 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/103564",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/46091/"
] | I have a W520. It is not the same setup as the T420 - the VGA output is wired to the nvidia card, so the "this" link from Samsagax will not work. I've prepared a blog post [here](http://zachstechnotes.blogspot.com/2012/01/tri-head-display-on-linux-thinkpad-w520.html) outlining the options you have. I was unable to get either external monitor to work with Bumblebee, and I do not believe it is possible with the W520. However, you can use an extenal monitor in optimus mode, but you either have to use xinerama or open a separate X screen on the extenal monitor. | Maybe try [this](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Bumblebee#Multiple_monitors).
But is dependent on hardwiring. |
10,728 | Linear correlation (Pearson's) is vastly applied in meteorology/climatology to assess the *relationship* between two variables, say precipitation and SST, for example.
However, we know that [correlation does not necessarily imply causation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation_does_not_imply_causation), mainly for two factors: there may be external factors acting on both series or [spurious coincidences](http://www.tylervigen.com/spurious-correlations) may also happen.
What are possible and comprehensible ways, that have been used and are possible to reproduce in the Earth Sciences (Meteorology, Oceanography, Clmatology...), to go further and make a point to show that correlation *does* imply causation in some situations?
**EDIT to make it more specific:**
Imagine correlation is found between sea surface temperature (SST) in some region and rainfall in another. How to test if the variability of the two series are not being externally forced by a third party?
Thank you. | 2017/07/01 | [
"https://earthscience.stackexchange.com/questions/10728",
"https://earthscience.stackexchange.com",
"https://earthscience.stackexchange.com/users/8396/"
] | Convergent cross mapping (CCM) is a recently developed tool to answer the question you've asked. It's based on tools developed in nonlinear time series analysis and dynamical systems theory. It allows you to:
1) determine if a causal relationship between two variables is present
2) establish the direction of causality
3) do so even in the presence of noise.
As for an interesting application, check out the paper *Causal feedbacks in climate change* [[van Nes et al., 2015](http://deepeco.ucsd.edu/~george/publications/15_causal_feedbacks_climate.pdf)], where CCM is applied to co2 and temperature based on the Vostok data sets.
EDIT: Below I've added a more detailed explanation of CCM to show the original poster that this technique does indeed answer their question, as well as to show it has a rigorous mathematical underpinning.
The general idea of convergent cross mapping is based on phase space reconstruction [[F. Takens, 1981](https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4039/236d89b682a2ab7aa9baaa4057707161d9be.pdf)],[[H. Abarbanel, 1996](https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dtTvBwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&dq=Analysis+of+Observed+Chaotic+Data&ots=SAcjQgvrXc&sig=E0l97Yu_wDvY3SiTKnNHIZSt0Ow#v=onepage&q=Analysis%20of%20Observed%20Chaotic%20Data&f=false)]. Numbers 1 through 5 explain the idea behind phase space reconstruction, which is needed to understand CCM. Numbers 6 through 8 very briefly explain CCM. References are listed at the bottom for more depth.
1) A physical system that is described by a set of equations (e.g. conservation of mass, momentum, etc) has a phase space. The solution to the system of equations is a trajectory through (or subset of) the phase space.
2) An attractor is a subset of the phase space that the trajectories/solutions evolve toward.
3) If you know the governing attractor, then you have all solutions of the system for all time.
4) Taken’s theorem says that one can reconstruct the attractor of the system based on a single observable. For example, if temperature, pressure, and velocity are the three variables of the system, then you only need measurements from one of these variables to reconstruct the attractor of the system. [State space reconstruction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ucgQE3SO0o)
5) The reconstructed attractor is not exactly the “true” attractor, but it has a direct 1:1 mapping to the true attractor. [Taken's theorem](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rs3gYeZeJcw)
6) If two observables belong to the same system, then they each have a reconstructed attractor with a direct mapping to the true attractor. The reconstructed attractors also have a direct mapping to one another. [Convergent cross mapping](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NrFdIz-D2yM)
7) It is then possible to make predictions on one observable, based on the reconstructed attractor of the other observable, if they are in fact from the same attractor (causally related). [Time series and attractors](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8DikuwwPWsY)
8) Last, a series of tests/predictions with the data help to establish the direction of, strength of, and linearity of the interactions between the two variables. This is detailed in the papers [[sugihara et al., 2012](http://www.uvm.edu/~cdanfort/csc-reading-group/sugihara-causality-science-2012.pdf)] and [[van Nes et al., 2015](http://deepeco.ucsd.edu/~george/publications/15_causal_feedbacks_climate.pdf)].
To answer your question "given two observed variables, how do you tell if an third variable is simply forcing the two observed variables, making them appear correlated? First, the process of phase space reconstruction would yield an estimate of the "embedding dimension", which is an estimate of the dimension of the phase space (how many variables there). In the CCM framework, a one-way forcing relationship between the two known variables (v1 and v2) would be attractor for v1 can make skillful predictions of v2, but attractor v2 can not make skillful predictions for v1. Contingent upon the situation where you have an idea of what the third variable is (v3), *I think* what you could do is the following, take the reconstructed attractor of v3 and make predictions on both v1 and v2, and show that v3 has more predictive power on v1 (compared to v2), and that v3 has more predictive power on v2 (compared to v1). I'm not sure about this though.
Also, if the forcing (v3) is thought to be linear, you could simply remove/detrend v3 from v1 and v2, as is done when you remove seasonality from temperature data.
Note: There is [MATLAB code](https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/52964-convergent-cross-mapping) available to mess around with this technique. I believe you can find similar codes in R as well.
References
Sugihara et al., 2012, *Detecting causality in complex ecosystems*.
van Nes et al., 2015, *Causal feedbacks in climate change*.
Abarbanel, Analysis of Observed Chaotic Data,1996, Springer publishing.
Takens, 1981, *Detecting strange attractors in turbulence* | As an alternative to Convergent Cross Mapping (CCM), the recent [Tigramite](https://github.com/jakobrunge/tigramite) is a fast python library for causal discovery that promises to ...
>
> ... outperforms current approaches in detection power and scales up to high-dimensional datasets. It overcomes detection biases, especially when strong autocorrelations are present, and allows ranking associations in large-scale analyses by their causal strength.
>
>
>
The paper introducing the method contains a real data application on an atmospheric and climatic dataset:
[Runge, Jakob, Dino Sejdinovic, and Seth Flaxman. “Detecting Causal Associations in Large Nonlinear Time Series Datasets.” arXiv:1702.07007 [Physics, Stat], February 22, 2017. http://arxiv.org/abs/1702.07007.](https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.07007)
At first sight the difference with CCM would be:
* CCM is a deterministic approach as it test if to time series are related to the same hypothetical attractor while Tigramite test for statistical dependence between delays.
* CCM is a pairwise approach while Tigramite is faster and easily applied to larger database.
Those might be complementary. |
23,607 | I am wondering if there is any name, or well-known example, for a humoristic construct that I particularly enjoy. It is exemplified in this monolog from [Pierre Desproges](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Desproges), directed at a woman he was interviewing for a radio off:
>
> Lady, you're a beautiful flower — can I call you a flower? [...]
>
> *(later in the interview)* You're a cute white cloud in blue summer sky — can I call you a white cloud?
>
> *(some more such lines throughout his monolog, you get the idea)*
>
> *(and it ends with:)* You're gorgeous as a cab — can I call you a cab?
>
>
>
I'm not even sure there is a specific term for this build-up and final twist. It's sort of related to a syllepsis (which would be *can I call you beautiful and a cab?*), but delayed in time. Is there a name for this construct? Do you know of famous examples in English?
(I do apologise because translation of humor is necessarily weak, and is not my forte. I do it because I don't know any good example in English.) | 2011/05/03 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/23607",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/3479/"
] | Your illustrations could be examples of [anacoluthon](http://grammar.about.com/od/ab/g/anacoluthonterm.htm), "an abrupt change in a sentence from one construction to another which is grammatically inconsistent with the first"; or under the more general classification of metanoia, which is the breaking off of a sentence in the middle to correct oneself. In your examples, the speaker has apparently realized he may have exceeded the bounds of propriety by assuming too much in his flattery; he then backs off and requests permission to be so familiar. Calling this metanoia tests the boundaries of the definition a bit, but I don't see why breaking off to ask a question should be out of bounds. | In comedy writing, the construction is known under the larger grouping of the “the rule of three” in that such jokes require three items, the third of which twists the meaning of the list in a humorous way (in this example, the double meaning of the word *call* is twisted). Other examples include sitcoms lines like:
*Character*: Can I get you something from the store? Advil, water, a new boyfriend? |
23,607 | I am wondering if there is any name, or well-known example, for a humoristic construct that I particularly enjoy. It is exemplified in this monolog from [Pierre Desproges](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Desproges), directed at a woman he was interviewing for a radio off:
>
> Lady, you're a beautiful flower — can I call you a flower? [...]
>
> *(later in the interview)* You're a cute white cloud in blue summer sky — can I call you a white cloud?
>
> *(some more such lines throughout his monolog, you get the idea)*
>
> *(and it ends with:)* You're gorgeous as a cab — can I call you a cab?
>
>
>
I'm not even sure there is a specific term for this build-up and final twist. It's sort of related to a syllepsis (which would be *can I call you beautiful and a cab?*), but delayed in time. Is there a name for this construct? Do you know of famous examples in English?
(I do apologise because translation of humor is necessarily weak, and is not my forte. I do it because I don't know any good example in English.) | 2011/05/03 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/23607",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/3479/"
] | is it a [callback](http://comedians.about.com/od/glossary/g/callback.htm)?
>
> A callback is a reference a comedian
> makes to an earlier joke in a set.
> Callbacks are usually made in a
> different context and remind the
> audience of an earlier joke, creating
> multiple layers and building more than
> one laugh from a single joke. When
> used at the end of a set, callbacks
> can bring a comic's routine full
> circle and give closure to the set.
>
>
> | In comedy writing, the construction is known under the larger grouping of the “the rule of three” in that such jokes require three items, the third of which twists the meaning of the list in a humorous way (in this example, the double meaning of the word *call* is twisted). Other examples include sitcoms lines like:
*Character*: Can I get you something from the store? Advil, water, a new boyfriend? |
37,871 | In 2016, Trump's administration [issued a plan](https://assets.donaldjtrump.com/Pay_for_the_Wall.pdf) on how to force Mexico to pay for the wall:
>
> * On day 1 promulgate a "proposed rule" (regulation) amending 31
> CFR 130.121 to redefine applicable financial institutions to include
> money transfer companies like Western Union, and redefine "account" to
> include wire transfers. Also include in the proposed rule a requirement that no alien may wire money outside of the United States unless the alien
> first provides a document establishing his lawful presence in the United
> States.
> * On day 2 Mexico will immediately protest. They receive approximately $24
> billion a year in remittances from Mexican nationals working in the United
> States. The majority of that amount comes from illegal aliens. It serves as de
> facto welfare for poor families in Mexico. There is no significant social safety
> net provided by the state in Mexico.
> * On day 3 tell Mexico that if the Mexican government will contribute the funds
> needed to the United States to pay for the wall, the Trump Administration will
> not promulgate the final rule, and the regulation will not go into effect.
>
>
>
Further sections proposed enacting trade tariffs and increasing visa fees, which also didn't seem to have happened. Did President Trump ever explain why the original plan was abandoned? | 2019/01/11 | [
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/37871",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/users/7434/"
] | Because it turns out it was all bluster. According to the [Washington Post](https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2017/politics/australia-mexico-transcripts/?utm_term=.a7dd3039482a),
the timeline is as follows:
>
> **1/20/17**: Trump inaugurated.
>
>
> **1/25/17**: Trump signs an executive order to begin construction of a southern border wall. Jared Kushner meets with Mexican Foreign
> Minister Luis Videgaray to craft the language for the announcement,
> which is “well received” in Mexico and **doesn’t discuss payment**.
>
>
> **1/26/17**: Trump tweets, once again, that Mexico will pay for the wall. Facing political pressure at home, (Mexican President) Peña
> Nieto cancels his Jan. 31 trip to Washington.
>
>
> **1/27/17**: Trump calls Peña Nieto in response to the cancelled trip. In it, Trump starts out by threatening Mexico with tariffs, and brags
> about how many hispanics voted for him. Peña Nieto acts surprised, and
> mentions that a tariff was not what their people had been discussing.
> Trump (falsely) says it's what he's been telling his (huge) rallies he
> was going to do a tariff for forever.
>
>
> Peña Nieto counter-offers to work with Canada to update NAFTA if
> tariffs is Trump's desire. Trump pivots three times in his response,
> starting with complaining about Mexican drugs, pleading that he has to
> have Mexico pay for this wall, then saying how cheaply he can build
> it.
>
>
> Peña Nieto mentions that money and guns coming from the USA are also
> helping fuel the drug trade, and suggests that all parties just stop
> discussing the wall. They agree, and Trump says he wants Peña Nieto so
> popular in Mexico that they remove term limits for him. They agree to
> have Jared and Luis draft a positive statement that doesn't mention a
> wall, and hang up.
>
>
>
So, bottom line? Because Peña Nieto told Trump 'no', and Trump would rather stop all discussion on the wall than have Peña Nieto continue to tell the press that he wouldn't be paying for it. | No, Trump nor the administration has not explained why. But this plan has been analysed in the media and found to be practically difficult to implement.
Firstly there are no relevant regulations at 31 CFR 130.121, The numbering system changed many years ago. Probably Trump was referring to 31 CFR1020.220 (which used to be numbered as CFR 103). This suggests that the details of the policy had not been worked out when it was first suggested.
The plan involves redefining Western Union as an applicable financial institution. However, Western Union and other money transfer companies are already defined as financial institutions in these regulations.
The proposal could be rewritten to only allow US citizens and documented aliens to open Western Union (or similar) accounts. This would prevent a wide range of people from using money transfer. For example, a European businessman could not open an account with WU in the US to transfer money from his interests in the US back to Europe as the European businessman is not legally resident in the US.
And you can't differentiate between a European businessman, a Mexican Businessman (in Mexico City) and a Mexican agricultural worker. Either they are all allowed, with proper identification, to open a WU account, or none of them are.
(Summarised from <https://www.steptoeinternationalcomplianceblog.com/2016/04/trumps-mexico-remittance-proposal-goes-inexplicably-awry/>) |
17,196,846 | I have an entity, that represent order sent by the customer , this order might be updated after some discussion with the customer on phone, but the initial order sent by the customer must be persisted without update.
how i can persist same entity twice , is it efficient to use deep cloning.
i have tried to detach the the entity in order for persistence context to persist a new one , but still the persistence context is updating the first entry. | 2013/06/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/17196846",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2175721/"
] | You can not persist one object twice in one session, so you need copy your order and save (persist) it again.
[hibernate copy object values into new object with new generated ID](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9944882/hibernate-copy-object-values-into-new-object-with-new-generated-id) | That's an interesting question. I think the quickest solution would probably be to use a multi-part ID. The first part would be the original order number and then every change increments the second part of the key. In your code you'd just need to find the object, make sure it's detached, alter the second part of the key and then persist it. As long as it's been detached it should then be saved away as a new order.
This post shows you how to use a [composite key](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13032948/how-to-create-and-handle-composite-primary-key-in-jpa). |
17,196,846 | I have an entity, that represent order sent by the customer , this order might be updated after some discussion with the customer on phone, but the initial order sent by the customer must be persisted without update.
how i can persist same entity twice , is it efficient to use deep cloning.
i have tried to detach the the entity in order for persistence context to persist a new one , but still the persistence context is updating the first entry. | 2013/06/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/17196846",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2175721/"
] | You can not persist one object twice in one session, so you need copy your order and save (persist) it again.
[hibernate copy object values into new object with new generated ID](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9944882/hibernate-copy-object-values-into-new-object-with-new-generated-id) | You need to clone/copy the object, ensure it has a unique id (or null if generated).
In EclipseLink there is an API to copy objects,
<http://wiki.eclipse.org/EclipseLink/Examples/JPA/AttributeGroup#Copy_Examples> |
7,563,200 | The new place I started at is just starting to develop a completely new product from scratch. They are going transaction script in application services, completely dumb entities, and a hand rolled DAL with stored procedures (the argument is that nhibernate doesn't optimize sql well, loads too much stuff, doesn't scale well to huge projects etc etc etc). the app is supposed to be HUGE project just in it's infancy.
I'm coming from a position where I was doing domain model with all business logic encapsulated in that and the app services only handling infrastructure + loading up the model with nhibernate and scripting it.
I really believe going with the 2nd approach is much better. I was planning on doing a presentation on why. I have plenty of books/articles/personal opinions that I can back this up with...but being more of a "junior" there it might not mean much (I was also the single dev at my last place).
What I'm looking for is some experience/tips/examples of failed projects from more senior people why going transaction script/hand rolled DAL is not the right idea. | 2011/09/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7563200",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/706243/"
] | Well there is always two sides of a coin.
They may have some points regarding Nhibernate and performance issues. But there is always solutions to that, like load strategies where you tell exactly how Nhibernate should tackle specific critial queries.
With load strategies, caching and sql index tuning you can get far regarding performance, really far.
But true benefit with ORM is that it reduces code base and make it more DRY. Makes your system more maintainable. It also reduces a "layer" since you do not need stored procedures.
I've been in several projects like you, and trust me, they face mainaince problem with
\* probably redundant code in application services since you do not have a domain core that can put logic at one place instead of appearing in several application services methods.
* A huge DAL layer that includes several Stored procedures.
* Logic easily slips out to GUI
I can make the list longer... but my point is that people tend to choose Transaction script sometimes just because it easy to understand, to start with and, well can be good at performance.
BUT usually the problems occur when consultants, employees leave project and maintanence team takes over. There is often not cristal clear where changes should be done and most TS application I've seen has been architectural abused. They were good apps from the begining but since the invite you to put logic in SP's, services, GUI (because of the lack of restricted API, interfaces etc).
You follow me?
/Magnus
p.s You can get great performance and DDD with CQRS approach... | I would say taking material to back it up is the way to go, that way they can't use your inexperience as an argument (although it sounds to me that you are not particularly inexperienced or junior!). My main reccomendation would be this book:
<http://www.amazon.co.uk/Microsoft-NET-Architecting-Applications-PRO-Developer/dp/073562609X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1317121019&sr=8-1>
On page 146, it states:
'TS is suited for simple scenarios where the business logic is straightforward and, better yet, not likely to change and evolve.'
This does not describe the system you are working on.
It then goes on to describe Domain Model, and why it is suited to bigger systems.
I would question whether thay understand that it is Transaction Script they are opting for? In my experience, TS can often be the default choice for inexperienced organisations who don't even understand that there is even an option. They just think 'that's how it's done'. How successful and maintainable is their current code? If they are choosing TS for huge projects, my guess would be 'not very'! Do they blame the client for changing specifications when things go wrong? If so, this is an indication that their choice of architecture is wrong.
In my experience, the overhead in implementing Domain Model is minimal. And it is a lot less painful than trying to scale and maintain a badly architected system.
Also, in this day and age, database servers should be able to handle systems based around NHibernate with no problems. If it can't, then that is a problem with the database server. And how do they intend to unit test these stored procedures? I usually find SP are the single biggest point of developer error.
Like Magnus said, I could just go on and on about this. I don't know the details of the system, but as soon as you used the word HUGE, Domain Model becomes the most obvious choice. |
7,563,200 | The new place I started at is just starting to develop a completely new product from scratch. They are going transaction script in application services, completely dumb entities, and a hand rolled DAL with stored procedures (the argument is that nhibernate doesn't optimize sql well, loads too much stuff, doesn't scale well to huge projects etc etc etc). the app is supposed to be HUGE project just in it's infancy.
I'm coming from a position where I was doing domain model with all business logic encapsulated in that and the app services only handling infrastructure + loading up the model with nhibernate and scripting it.
I really believe going with the 2nd approach is much better. I was planning on doing a presentation on why. I have plenty of books/articles/personal opinions that I can back this up with...but being more of a "junior" there it might not mean much (I was also the single dev at my last place).
What I'm looking for is some experience/tips/examples of failed projects from more senior people why going transaction script/hand rolled DAL is not the right idea. | 2011/09/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7563200",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/706243/"
] | In addition to what [Paul T Davies](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7563200/from-domain-model-to-transaction-script/7568190#7568190) and [Magnus Backeus](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7563200/from-domain-model-to-transaction-script/7566625#7566625) have said. I think that at the end of the day it would be a people and cultural issue. If people are open minded and willing to learn it will be relatively easy to convince them. If they consider you a 'junior' (which is a bad sign because the only thing that matters is what you say not how old/experienced you are) you can appeal to a 'higher authority':
* [Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture](https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0321127420)
* [Domain-Driven Design](https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0321125215)
* [Growing Object Oriented Software](https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0321503627)
* [Dependency Injection in .NET](https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/1935182501)
Stored procedures are dead and you are not the [only one who thinks so](http://www.thoughtworks.com/articles/technology-radar-july-2011):
>
> It is startling to us that we continue to find new systems in 2011
> that implement significant business logic in stored procedures.
> Programming languages commonly used to implement stored procedures
> lack expressiveness, are difficult to test, and discourage clean
> modular design. You should only consider stored procedures executing
> within the database engine in exceptional circumstances, where there
> is a proven performance issue.
>
>
>
There is no point in convincing people that are not willing to improve and learn. Even if you manage to win one argument and squeeze in NHibernate, for example, they may end up writing the same tightly coupled, untestable, data-or-linq-oriented code as they did before. DDD is hard and it will require changing a lot of assumptions, hurt egos etc. Depending on the size of the company it may be a constant battle that is not worth starting.
[Driving Technical Change](https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/1934356603) is the book that might help you to deal with these issues. It includes several behavior stereotypes that you may encounter:
* The Uninformed
* The Herd
* The Cynic
* The Burned
* The Time Crunched
* The Boss
* The Irrational
Good luck! | Well there is always two sides of a coin.
They may have some points regarding Nhibernate and performance issues. But there is always solutions to that, like load strategies where you tell exactly how Nhibernate should tackle specific critial queries.
With load strategies, caching and sql index tuning you can get far regarding performance, really far.
But true benefit with ORM is that it reduces code base and make it more DRY. Makes your system more maintainable. It also reduces a "layer" since you do not need stored procedures.
I've been in several projects like you, and trust me, they face mainaince problem with
\* probably redundant code in application services since you do not have a domain core that can put logic at one place instead of appearing in several application services methods.
* A huge DAL layer that includes several Stored procedures.
* Logic easily slips out to GUI
I can make the list longer... but my point is that people tend to choose Transaction script sometimes just because it easy to understand, to start with and, well can be good at performance.
BUT usually the problems occur when consultants, employees leave project and maintanence team takes over. There is often not cristal clear where changes should be done and most TS application I've seen has been architectural abused. They were good apps from the begining but since the invite you to put logic in SP's, services, GUI (because of the lack of restricted API, interfaces etc).
You follow me?
/Magnus
p.s You can get great performance and DDD with CQRS approach... |
7,563,200 | The new place I started at is just starting to develop a completely new product from scratch. They are going transaction script in application services, completely dumb entities, and a hand rolled DAL with stored procedures (the argument is that nhibernate doesn't optimize sql well, loads too much stuff, doesn't scale well to huge projects etc etc etc). the app is supposed to be HUGE project just in it's infancy.
I'm coming from a position where I was doing domain model with all business logic encapsulated in that and the app services only handling infrastructure + loading up the model with nhibernate and scripting it.
I really believe going with the 2nd approach is much better. I was planning on doing a presentation on why. I have plenty of books/articles/personal opinions that I can back this up with...but being more of a "junior" there it might not mean much (I was also the single dev at my last place).
What I'm looking for is some experience/tips/examples of failed projects from more senior people why going transaction script/hand rolled DAL is not the right idea. | 2011/09/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7563200",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/706243/"
] | In addition to what [Paul T Davies](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7563200/from-domain-model-to-transaction-script/7568190#7568190) and [Magnus Backeus](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7563200/from-domain-model-to-transaction-script/7566625#7566625) have said. I think that at the end of the day it would be a people and cultural issue. If people are open minded and willing to learn it will be relatively easy to convince them. If they consider you a 'junior' (which is a bad sign because the only thing that matters is what you say not how old/experienced you are) you can appeal to a 'higher authority':
* [Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture](https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0321127420)
* [Domain-Driven Design](https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0321125215)
* [Growing Object Oriented Software](https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0321503627)
* [Dependency Injection in .NET](https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/1935182501)
Stored procedures are dead and you are not the [only one who thinks so](http://www.thoughtworks.com/articles/technology-radar-july-2011):
>
> It is startling to us that we continue to find new systems in 2011
> that implement significant business logic in stored procedures.
> Programming languages commonly used to implement stored procedures
> lack expressiveness, are difficult to test, and discourage clean
> modular design. You should only consider stored procedures executing
> within the database engine in exceptional circumstances, where there
> is a proven performance issue.
>
>
>
There is no point in convincing people that are not willing to improve and learn. Even if you manage to win one argument and squeeze in NHibernate, for example, they may end up writing the same tightly coupled, untestable, data-or-linq-oriented code as they did before. DDD is hard and it will require changing a lot of assumptions, hurt egos etc. Depending on the size of the company it may be a constant battle that is not worth starting.
[Driving Technical Change](https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/1934356603) is the book that might help you to deal with these issues. It includes several behavior stereotypes that you may encounter:
* The Uninformed
* The Herd
* The Cynic
* The Burned
* The Time Crunched
* The Boss
* The Irrational
Good luck! | I would say taking material to back it up is the way to go, that way they can't use your inexperience as an argument (although it sounds to me that you are not particularly inexperienced or junior!). My main reccomendation would be this book:
<http://www.amazon.co.uk/Microsoft-NET-Architecting-Applications-PRO-Developer/dp/073562609X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1317121019&sr=8-1>
On page 146, it states:
'TS is suited for simple scenarios where the business logic is straightforward and, better yet, not likely to change and evolve.'
This does not describe the system you are working on.
It then goes on to describe Domain Model, and why it is suited to bigger systems.
I would question whether thay understand that it is Transaction Script they are opting for? In my experience, TS can often be the default choice for inexperienced organisations who don't even understand that there is even an option. They just think 'that's how it's done'. How successful and maintainable is their current code? If they are choosing TS for huge projects, my guess would be 'not very'! Do they blame the client for changing specifications when things go wrong? If so, this is an indication that their choice of architecture is wrong.
In my experience, the overhead in implementing Domain Model is minimal. And it is a lot less painful than trying to scale and maintain a badly architected system.
Also, in this day and age, database servers should be able to handle systems based around NHibernate with no problems. If it can't, then that is a problem with the database server. And how do they intend to unit test these stored procedures? I usually find SP are the single biggest point of developer error.
Like Magnus said, I could just go on and on about this. I don't know the details of the system, but as soon as you used the word HUGE, Domain Model becomes the most obvious choice. |
13,332 | It is well known that there is a strong connection between introducing more money into an economy and inflation, as well as removing money and deflation.
However, how does the economy as a whole "detect" if money is removed from it?
A similar question would be how it detects whether the supply of money is increased, but that I could understand and explain better as printing new money is regulated, so the government and banks know about the increase and act accordingly. (yes, I know, printing money is not the only way to produce it, but I would guess creating new debt is also regulated or measured in some way)
I could also explain extreme cases, where the amount of money created or destroyed makes up a significant portion of the total amount. If suddenly such a large amount of money appeared, people would start to buy more things, and as the supply of things to buy is not enough, people will pay more money for it to be able to get it by out-bidding others, so prices increase, and we have inflation. Or if a significant portion of the money supply is destroyed, there is an abundance of things to buy, but not enough money to buy things, so prices will have to be lowered otherwise nobody would buy anything, so we have deflation.
However, by what mechanisms does it happen that small (but not negligibly small) amounts of change in the money supply cause small amounts of inflation or deflation?
For example, if one very rich person would sell off some property in cash or take cash out of bank accounts, and just burn or bury that cash without telling anyone, how would the economy "know" it and by what mechanisms would it cause deflation? The amount in this example is not enough for people to consciously realize that money is missing from the economy so they could adapt their spending habits accordingly. | 2016/09/08 | [
"https://economics.stackexchange.com/questions/13332",
"https://economics.stackexchange.com",
"https://economics.stackexchange.com/users/10350/"
] | Money is only inflationary in so far as it's moving around. So for there to be an inflationary or deflationary signal, that means that either the amount of money moving around has changed, or its velocity has changed.
And what does it mean to have money "moving around"? It means that it's being used to buy goods or services. And that's how it affects prices - because it affects demand.
So, yes, to elucidate: it's as you say- *"if the millionaire wouldn't have destroyed the money but spent it, he could have bought a lot of goods with it, and the sellers of those goods could have bought still more goods with that profit and so on. As now those goods are no longer being bought, the sellers have to slightly reduce prices, so their goods aren't wasted in their warehouses. This means prices will drop a little, and this is how the economy "feels" the difference"* | To the question "how does the economy as a whole detect if money is removed from it?", i would answer: "with great difficulties and intermediate modifications, which, in the end, call the tune".
To deal with money, be it in macro or micro terms, is mandatory to avoid neglecting the difference between stocks and flows. That is: it has to be identified "existing" (or out-of-bank-system) and circulating money, both connected (of course) by a velocity.
Generally, we speak of "supply" of money as the size of aggregate-bank-system balance sheet. That is, the stock of out-there "existing" money.
What "the economy" "perceives", on the contrary, is the flow of money going to buy goods, services, and assets (neither to mix up, nor to neglect, the latter!)
Money does not appear, but is created, what is a slight and important difference, because it has a counterpart. Also, money cannot desappear, but is "cancelated", against a counterpart.
In your rich person example, the burnt notes are not distinguishable from hoarded ones for "the economy" (because it's a secret), thus counting as existing ("supplied") money, but not circulating. Central Bank, or in general the issuer of the notes, when making periodical inventories of "existing" notes (i ignore the procedure and frecuency of this), will note the lost ones, and will cancel the liability in its balance sheet (writting down a profit, that in macro terms cancels the lost of your millioner). |
13,332 | It is well known that there is a strong connection between introducing more money into an economy and inflation, as well as removing money and deflation.
However, how does the economy as a whole "detect" if money is removed from it?
A similar question would be how it detects whether the supply of money is increased, but that I could understand and explain better as printing new money is regulated, so the government and banks know about the increase and act accordingly. (yes, I know, printing money is not the only way to produce it, but I would guess creating new debt is also regulated or measured in some way)
I could also explain extreme cases, where the amount of money created or destroyed makes up a significant portion of the total amount. If suddenly such a large amount of money appeared, people would start to buy more things, and as the supply of things to buy is not enough, people will pay more money for it to be able to get it by out-bidding others, so prices increase, and we have inflation. Or if a significant portion of the money supply is destroyed, there is an abundance of things to buy, but not enough money to buy things, so prices will have to be lowered otherwise nobody would buy anything, so we have deflation.
However, by what mechanisms does it happen that small (but not negligibly small) amounts of change in the money supply cause small amounts of inflation or deflation?
For example, if one very rich person would sell off some property in cash or take cash out of bank accounts, and just burn or bury that cash without telling anyone, how would the economy "know" it and by what mechanisms would it cause deflation? The amount in this example is not enough for people to consciously realize that money is missing from the economy so they could adapt their spending habits accordingly. | 2016/09/08 | [
"https://economics.stackexchange.com/questions/13332",
"https://economics.stackexchange.com",
"https://economics.stackexchange.com/users/10350/"
] | Money is no different from any other commodity in this regard. How does the economy "detect" that the quantity of oranges has changed to determine (in conjunction with the demand for oranges) the equilibrium price of oranges? In general equilibrium models the classic theoretical model was the tâtonnement or Walrasian auction.
>
> A Walrasian auction, introduced by Léon Walras, is a type of
> simultaneous auction where each agent calculates its demand for the
> good at every possible price and submits this to an auctioneer. The
> price is then set so that the total demand across all agents equals
> the total amount of the good. Thus, a Walrasian auction perfectly
> matches the supply and the demand.
>
>
>
[Walrasian auction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walrasian_auction)
While Walrasian auctions are helpful for theoretical models and do exist in the real world(see for example [the Tokyo's Grain Exchange](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378426616300504)), they are not the dominant mechanism for setting price changes. Competition among intermediaries seems vastly more common. In oranges, it might be the actions of wholesalers that attempting to pay the best price for farmer's inventories or supermarkets attempting to pay the best price for wholesaler inventories. If someone grows oranges for private consumption and never buys or sells any oranges then that production never gets detected and is not reflected in the price of oranges.
With money it is more complex but fundamentally similar. Banks bid for money by setting the interest rate to attract funds. Firms bid for capital by offering to pay an interest rate to banks. Households decide how much money to hold and how much to invest or spend instead. If a miser has a billion in cash and burns it without telling anyone the market may indeed never find out. | Money is only inflationary in so far as it's moving around. So for there to be an inflationary or deflationary signal, that means that either the amount of money moving around has changed, or its velocity has changed.
And what does it mean to have money "moving around"? It means that it's being used to buy goods or services. And that's how it affects prices - because it affects demand.
So, yes, to elucidate: it's as you say- *"if the millionaire wouldn't have destroyed the money but spent it, he could have bought a lot of goods with it, and the sellers of those goods could have bought still more goods with that profit and so on. As now those goods are no longer being bought, the sellers have to slightly reduce prices, so their goods aren't wasted in their warehouses. This means prices will drop a little, and this is how the economy "feels" the difference"* |
13,332 | It is well known that there is a strong connection between introducing more money into an economy and inflation, as well as removing money and deflation.
However, how does the economy as a whole "detect" if money is removed from it?
A similar question would be how it detects whether the supply of money is increased, but that I could understand and explain better as printing new money is regulated, so the government and banks know about the increase and act accordingly. (yes, I know, printing money is not the only way to produce it, but I would guess creating new debt is also regulated or measured in some way)
I could also explain extreme cases, where the amount of money created or destroyed makes up a significant portion of the total amount. If suddenly such a large amount of money appeared, people would start to buy more things, and as the supply of things to buy is not enough, people will pay more money for it to be able to get it by out-bidding others, so prices increase, and we have inflation. Or if a significant portion of the money supply is destroyed, there is an abundance of things to buy, but not enough money to buy things, so prices will have to be lowered otherwise nobody would buy anything, so we have deflation.
However, by what mechanisms does it happen that small (but not negligibly small) amounts of change in the money supply cause small amounts of inflation or deflation?
For example, if one very rich person would sell off some property in cash or take cash out of bank accounts, and just burn or bury that cash without telling anyone, how would the economy "know" it and by what mechanisms would it cause deflation? The amount in this example is not enough for people to consciously realize that money is missing from the economy so they could adapt their spending habits accordingly. | 2016/09/08 | [
"https://economics.stackexchange.com/questions/13332",
"https://economics.stackexchange.com",
"https://economics.stackexchange.com/users/10350/"
] | Your question reminds me of how in Zimbabwe, locals like to literally launder money (wash bills) to extend the lifetime of small denomination bills. Tyler Cowen's blog *Marginal Revolution* made a [brief post about it as well referencing the article](http://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2010/07/laundering-money-literally.html). The phenomenon of [literally washing and cleaning money](https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/presspacs/2014/acs-presspac-january-8-2014/laundering-money-literally-could-save-billions-of-dollars.html) has been known for quite some time now.
Any change in the money velocity in this sense, whether increasing or decreasing the physical money base, can be expected to have the same effect of an expansionary or contractionary monetary policy, just on a smaller scale. The Fed and the Treasury obviously can't literally keep track of how much money is in circulation, so when they destroy old bills and make new bills, they probably will only adjust their printing in large imprecise chunks. Smaller changes in money supply can be adjusted for with interest rates or other monetary policy, presumably. | To the question "how does the economy as a whole detect if money is removed from it?", i would answer: "with great difficulties and intermediate modifications, which, in the end, call the tune".
To deal with money, be it in macro or micro terms, is mandatory to avoid neglecting the difference between stocks and flows. That is: it has to be identified "existing" (or out-of-bank-system) and circulating money, both connected (of course) by a velocity.
Generally, we speak of "supply" of money as the size of aggregate-bank-system balance sheet. That is, the stock of out-there "existing" money.
What "the economy" "perceives", on the contrary, is the flow of money going to buy goods, services, and assets (neither to mix up, nor to neglect, the latter!)
Money does not appear, but is created, what is a slight and important difference, because it has a counterpart. Also, money cannot desappear, but is "cancelated", against a counterpart.
In your rich person example, the burnt notes are not distinguishable from hoarded ones for "the economy" (because it's a secret), thus counting as existing ("supplied") money, but not circulating. Central Bank, or in general the issuer of the notes, when making periodical inventories of "existing" notes (i ignore the procedure and frecuency of this), will note the lost ones, and will cancel the liability in its balance sheet (writting down a profit, that in macro terms cancels the lost of your millioner). |
13,332 | It is well known that there is a strong connection between introducing more money into an economy and inflation, as well as removing money and deflation.
However, how does the economy as a whole "detect" if money is removed from it?
A similar question would be how it detects whether the supply of money is increased, but that I could understand and explain better as printing new money is regulated, so the government and banks know about the increase and act accordingly. (yes, I know, printing money is not the only way to produce it, but I would guess creating new debt is also regulated or measured in some way)
I could also explain extreme cases, where the amount of money created or destroyed makes up a significant portion of the total amount. If suddenly such a large amount of money appeared, people would start to buy more things, and as the supply of things to buy is not enough, people will pay more money for it to be able to get it by out-bidding others, so prices increase, and we have inflation. Or if a significant portion of the money supply is destroyed, there is an abundance of things to buy, but not enough money to buy things, so prices will have to be lowered otherwise nobody would buy anything, so we have deflation.
However, by what mechanisms does it happen that small (but not negligibly small) amounts of change in the money supply cause small amounts of inflation or deflation?
For example, if one very rich person would sell off some property in cash or take cash out of bank accounts, and just burn or bury that cash without telling anyone, how would the economy "know" it and by what mechanisms would it cause deflation? The amount in this example is not enough for people to consciously realize that money is missing from the economy so they could adapt their spending habits accordingly. | 2016/09/08 | [
"https://economics.stackexchange.com/questions/13332",
"https://economics.stackexchange.com",
"https://economics.stackexchange.com/users/10350/"
] | Money is no different from any other commodity in this regard. How does the economy "detect" that the quantity of oranges has changed to determine (in conjunction with the demand for oranges) the equilibrium price of oranges? In general equilibrium models the classic theoretical model was the tâtonnement or Walrasian auction.
>
> A Walrasian auction, introduced by Léon Walras, is a type of
> simultaneous auction where each agent calculates its demand for the
> good at every possible price and submits this to an auctioneer. The
> price is then set so that the total demand across all agents equals
> the total amount of the good. Thus, a Walrasian auction perfectly
> matches the supply and the demand.
>
>
>
[Walrasian auction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walrasian_auction)
While Walrasian auctions are helpful for theoretical models and do exist in the real world(see for example [the Tokyo's Grain Exchange](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378426616300504)), they are not the dominant mechanism for setting price changes. Competition among intermediaries seems vastly more common. In oranges, it might be the actions of wholesalers that attempting to pay the best price for farmer's inventories or supermarkets attempting to pay the best price for wholesaler inventories. If someone grows oranges for private consumption and never buys or sells any oranges then that production never gets detected and is not reflected in the price of oranges.
With money it is more complex but fundamentally similar. Banks bid for money by setting the interest rate to attract funds. Firms bid for capital by offering to pay an interest rate to banks. Households decide how much money to hold and how much to invest or spend instead. If a miser has a billion in cash and burns it without telling anyone the market may indeed never find out. | To the question "how does the economy as a whole detect if money is removed from it?", i would answer: "with great difficulties and intermediate modifications, which, in the end, call the tune".
To deal with money, be it in macro or micro terms, is mandatory to avoid neglecting the difference between stocks and flows. That is: it has to be identified "existing" (or out-of-bank-system) and circulating money, both connected (of course) by a velocity.
Generally, we speak of "supply" of money as the size of aggregate-bank-system balance sheet. That is, the stock of out-there "existing" money.
What "the economy" "perceives", on the contrary, is the flow of money going to buy goods, services, and assets (neither to mix up, nor to neglect, the latter!)
Money does not appear, but is created, what is a slight and important difference, because it has a counterpart. Also, money cannot desappear, but is "cancelated", against a counterpart.
In your rich person example, the burnt notes are not distinguishable from hoarded ones for "the economy" (because it's a secret), thus counting as existing ("supplied") money, but not circulating. Central Bank, or in general the issuer of the notes, when making periodical inventories of "existing" notes (i ignore the procedure and frecuency of this), will note the lost ones, and will cancel the liability in its balance sheet (writting down a profit, that in macro terms cancels the lost of your millioner). |
13,332 | It is well known that there is a strong connection between introducing more money into an economy and inflation, as well as removing money and deflation.
However, how does the economy as a whole "detect" if money is removed from it?
A similar question would be how it detects whether the supply of money is increased, but that I could understand and explain better as printing new money is regulated, so the government and banks know about the increase and act accordingly. (yes, I know, printing money is not the only way to produce it, but I would guess creating new debt is also regulated or measured in some way)
I could also explain extreme cases, where the amount of money created or destroyed makes up a significant portion of the total amount. If suddenly such a large amount of money appeared, people would start to buy more things, and as the supply of things to buy is not enough, people will pay more money for it to be able to get it by out-bidding others, so prices increase, and we have inflation. Or if a significant portion of the money supply is destroyed, there is an abundance of things to buy, but not enough money to buy things, so prices will have to be lowered otherwise nobody would buy anything, so we have deflation.
However, by what mechanisms does it happen that small (but not negligibly small) amounts of change in the money supply cause small amounts of inflation or deflation?
For example, if one very rich person would sell off some property in cash or take cash out of bank accounts, and just burn or bury that cash without telling anyone, how would the economy "know" it and by what mechanisms would it cause deflation? The amount in this example is not enough for people to consciously realize that money is missing from the economy so they could adapt their spending habits accordingly. | 2016/09/08 | [
"https://economics.stackexchange.com/questions/13332",
"https://economics.stackexchange.com",
"https://economics.stackexchange.com/users/10350/"
] | Money is no different from any other commodity in this regard. How does the economy "detect" that the quantity of oranges has changed to determine (in conjunction with the demand for oranges) the equilibrium price of oranges? In general equilibrium models the classic theoretical model was the tâtonnement or Walrasian auction.
>
> A Walrasian auction, introduced by Léon Walras, is a type of
> simultaneous auction where each agent calculates its demand for the
> good at every possible price and submits this to an auctioneer. The
> price is then set so that the total demand across all agents equals
> the total amount of the good. Thus, a Walrasian auction perfectly
> matches the supply and the demand.
>
>
>
[Walrasian auction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walrasian_auction)
While Walrasian auctions are helpful for theoretical models and do exist in the real world(see for example [the Tokyo's Grain Exchange](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378426616300504)), they are not the dominant mechanism for setting price changes. Competition among intermediaries seems vastly more common. In oranges, it might be the actions of wholesalers that attempting to pay the best price for farmer's inventories or supermarkets attempting to pay the best price for wholesaler inventories. If someone grows oranges for private consumption and never buys or sells any oranges then that production never gets detected and is not reflected in the price of oranges.
With money it is more complex but fundamentally similar. Banks bid for money by setting the interest rate to attract funds. Firms bid for capital by offering to pay an interest rate to banks. Households decide how much money to hold and how much to invest or spend instead. If a miser has a billion in cash and burns it without telling anyone the market may indeed never find out. | Your question reminds me of how in Zimbabwe, locals like to literally launder money (wash bills) to extend the lifetime of small denomination bills. Tyler Cowen's blog *Marginal Revolution* made a [brief post about it as well referencing the article](http://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2010/07/laundering-money-literally.html). The phenomenon of [literally washing and cleaning money](https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/presspacs/2014/acs-presspac-january-8-2014/laundering-money-literally-could-save-billions-of-dollars.html) has been known for quite some time now.
Any change in the money velocity in this sense, whether increasing or decreasing the physical money base, can be expected to have the same effect of an expansionary or contractionary monetary policy, just on a smaller scale. The Fed and the Treasury obviously can't literally keep track of how much money is in circulation, so when they destroy old bills and make new bills, they probably will only adjust their printing in large imprecise chunks. Smaller changes in money supply can be adjusted for with interest rates or other monetary policy, presumably. |
318,492 | >
> Such **sarcasm ill becomes** anybody on the shaky ground that Goldschmidt here treads.
>
>
>
Shouldn't *ill* be before *sarcasm*? | 2022/07/07 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/318492",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/150358/"
] | **ill becomes** is an idiomatic phrase that means "is not suitable for", or "is not appropriate for"; [an old-fashioned meaning for *become* is "to be appropriate or suitable; to look good on"](https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/become). So the sentence means something like "Sarcasm like this is not appropriate for anybody..."
Changing it to "Such ill sarcasm becomes anybody..." doesn't make sense. It makes *ill* into a modifier for *sarcasm*, which isn't what's intended. Also, "Such ill sarcasm becomes \_\_\_\_" either means the sarcasm is *turning into* something else (which completely changes the meaning) or the sarcasm **is** appropriate, which *reverses* the meaning of the sentence! | To build on what @stangdon has said:
If you were to place *ill* before *sarcasm* then you would using ill as an adjective and applying it to the word sarcasm. Essentially you would be writing *Ill-Sarcasm*: sarcasm used in an inappropriate way (which is understandable to a native speaker, but is not grammatically correct).
This would completely change the meaning of the sentence.
"Such sarcasm ill becomes anybody on the shaky ground that Goldschmidt here treads." means: *sarcasm *doesn't* suit somebody on shaky ground*
"Such ill-sarcasm becomes anybody on the shaky ground that Goldschmidt here treads." means: *ill-sarcasm *does* suit somebody on shaky ground*. |
318,492 | >
> Such **sarcasm ill becomes** anybody on the shaky ground that Goldschmidt here treads.
>
>
>
Shouldn't *ill* be before *sarcasm*? | 2022/07/07 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/318492",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/150358/"
] | The sentence is correct. Here, "ill" is an *adverb* roughly meaning "badly", and it modifies "becomes".
See this [Merriam-Webster definition](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ill):
>
> **ill** adverb
>
> **worse; worst**
>
> **1 a :** in a faulty, inefficient, insufficient, or unpleasant manner —often used in combination
>
> *// the methods used may be ill-adapted to the aims in view*
>
>
>
It's also worth noting that the word "become" has a far less common meaning as well, which is in the sense of [the adjective "becoming"](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/becoming), meaning "suitable" or "fitting".
So your quoted sentence roughly means, "*Sarcasm like that **is a bad fit** for someone in Goldschmidt's position.*" | To build on what @stangdon has said:
If you were to place *ill* before *sarcasm* then you would using ill as an adjective and applying it to the word sarcasm. Essentially you would be writing *Ill-Sarcasm*: sarcasm used in an inappropriate way (which is understandable to a native speaker, but is not grammatically correct).
This would completely change the meaning of the sentence.
"Such sarcasm ill becomes anybody on the shaky ground that Goldschmidt here treads." means: *sarcasm *doesn't* suit somebody on shaky ground*
"Such ill-sarcasm becomes anybody on the shaky ground that Goldschmidt here treads." means: *ill-sarcasm *does* suit somebody on shaky ground*. |
19,656 | I'm aware that our earliest records of many major animal and plant phyla come from the Cambrian or Precambrian periods, and I'm also vaguely aware of some of the objections raised with general concept of phyla. With this in mind, I'm curious which of widely accepted biological phyla appeared most recently, and what evidence do we have of their relatively recent appearance?
I'm most interested in animals, but I'd also welcome any information about other organisms. | 2014/07/14 | [
"https://biology.stackexchange.com/questions/19656",
"https://biology.stackexchange.com",
"https://biology.stackexchange.com/users/6703/"
] | In my view, we simply don't have good enough data to answer this question. The fossil evidence is too sparse prior to the Cambrian and the evidence that we do have suggests that the phyla were already too separated. Meanwhile, the depth of time and the different lifecycles and circumstances of the species involved mean that any "genetic clocks" we might use are likely to be too poor at keeping time and, indeed, different attempts have delivered different estimates of the time of divergence. | As far as I know there is no phylum which appeared after the Cambrian. Every discussion beyond that is close to speculation, as the divergence estimates of different studies vary significantly.
You might want to look into one of the resources mentioned below:
* <http://www.timetree.org/index.php>
* <http://www.onezoom.org/> |
1,622,089 | I want to use my own domain with my Microsoft 365 Family plan, but there is no way I am transferring it to GoDaddy. Is there way way around this “requirement” or am I stuck? | 2021/01/30 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/1622089",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/85783/"
] | This is described in the article
[Get a personalized email address in Microsoft 365](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/get-a-personalized-email-address-in-microsoft-365-75416a58-b225-4c02-8c07-8979403b427b?ui=en-us&rs=en-us&ad=us):
>
> **Q:** I already own a domain that's registered with a provider other than GoDaddy. Can I set up a personalized email address in
> Outlook.com?
>
>
> **A:** At the moment, we only support connecting domains managed by GoDaddy with Outlook.com.
>
>
>
When entering my Premium subscription, I can see the following in Manage my subscription:
---
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Wqk5Y.jpg)
---
The answer is then : Not possible at the moment.
I have no information if this will change in the future. | Not according to Microsoft.
In their FAQ for personal and family subscriptions ([Get a personalised address in Microsoft 365](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/get-a-personalized-email-address-in-microsoft-365-75416a58-b225-4c02-8c07-8979403b427b)) is this question:
>
> I already own a domain that's registered with a provider other than GoDaddy. Can I set up a personalized email address in Outlook.com?
>
>
>
Their answer is:
>
> At the moment, we only support connecting domains managed by GoDaddy with Outlook.com
>
>
>
Business and enterprise plans allow other registrars - see this MS doc [Buy a domain name](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/admin/get-help-with-domains/buy-a-domain-name?view=o365-worldwide) |
1,622,089 | I want to use my own domain with my Microsoft 365 Family plan, but there is no way I am transferring it to GoDaddy. Is there way way around this “requirement” or am I stuck? | 2021/01/30 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/1622089",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/85783/"
] | This related Reddit discussion indicates that it's possible and working at the time. It involves pretending to go to GoDaddy, and then capturing key values from the outlink for manual DNS updating.
<https://www.reddit.com/r/Office365/comments/ft15pk/use_personalized_domain_with_outlook_and_office/>
---
>
> 1. Go to outlook, the premium settings and choose the option to "get started" with a personalized domain.
> 2. Click the option to buy a new domain with GoDaddy, and a new window opens
> 3. Copy the URL of the new window that opens, it should look like this:
> <https://domainconnect.godaddy.com/v2/domainTemplates/providers/outlook.com/services/personalizedoutlookemail/apply?mxRecordValue=XXXXXXXXX&state=XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX>
>
>
> The part that you need is "mxRecordValue=XXXXXXXXX"
>
>
> **The XXXXXXXXX is the unique ID for verification used in DNS**
> 4. Go to your own domain DNS settings and add the following settings replacing XXXXXXXXX with your ID found in step 3.
>
>
> **The dot on the end of the external domains is not a typo!**
>
>
>
>
>
> | Name | TTL | Type | Value | Priority |
> | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
> | @ | 1 hour | MX | **XXXXXXXXX**.pamx1.hotmail.com. | 0 |
> | @ | 1 hour | TXT | v=spf1 | include:outlook.com -all | |
> | autodiscover | 1 hour | CNAME | autodiscover.outlook.com. | |
> | \_dmarc | 1 hour | TXT | v=DMARC1; p=none; | |
> | \_domainconnect | 1 hour | CNAME | \_domainconnect.gd.domaincontrol.com. | |
> | \_outlook | 1 hour | TXT | **XXXXXXXXX** | |
>
>
>
>
> 5. Return to the premium settings in outlook to set your custom domain.
> 6. Choose the option "I already have a domain"
> 7. Enter the domain you just configured
> 8. You have to click to login to GoDaddy, do this, but just exit the page it goes to.
> 9. Congratulations it should now say you connected the domain with GoDaddy!
>
>
> | This is described in the article
[Get a personalized email address in Microsoft 365](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/get-a-personalized-email-address-in-microsoft-365-75416a58-b225-4c02-8c07-8979403b427b?ui=en-us&rs=en-us&ad=us):
>
> **Q:** I already own a domain that's registered with a provider other than GoDaddy. Can I set up a personalized email address in
> Outlook.com?
>
>
> **A:** At the moment, we only support connecting domains managed by GoDaddy with Outlook.com.
>
>
>
When entering my Premium subscription, I can see the following in Manage my subscription:
---
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Wqk5Y.jpg)
---
The answer is then : Not possible at the moment.
I have no information if this will change in the future. |
1,622,089 | I want to use my own domain with my Microsoft 365 Family plan, but there is no way I am transferring it to GoDaddy. Is there way way around this “requirement” or am I stuck? | 2021/01/30 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/1622089",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/85783/"
] | This related Reddit discussion indicates that it's possible and working at the time. It involves pretending to go to GoDaddy, and then capturing key values from the outlink for manual DNS updating.
<https://www.reddit.com/r/Office365/comments/ft15pk/use_personalized_domain_with_outlook_and_office/>
---
>
> 1. Go to outlook, the premium settings and choose the option to "get started" with a personalized domain.
> 2. Click the option to buy a new domain with GoDaddy, and a new window opens
> 3. Copy the URL of the new window that opens, it should look like this:
> <https://domainconnect.godaddy.com/v2/domainTemplates/providers/outlook.com/services/personalizedoutlookemail/apply?mxRecordValue=XXXXXXXXX&state=XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX>
>
>
> The part that you need is "mxRecordValue=XXXXXXXXX"
>
>
> **The XXXXXXXXX is the unique ID for verification used in DNS**
> 4. Go to your own domain DNS settings and add the following settings replacing XXXXXXXXX with your ID found in step 3.
>
>
> **The dot on the end of the external domains is not a typo!**
>
>
>
>
>
> | Name | TTL | Type | Value | Priority |
> | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
> | @ | 1 hour | MX | **XXXXXXXXX**.pamx1.hotmail.com. | 0 |
> | @ | 1 hour | TXT | v=spf1 | include:outlook.com -all | |
> | autodiscover | 1 hour | CNAME | autodiscover.outlook.com. | |
> | \_dmarc | 1 hour | TXT | v=DMARC1; p=none; | |
> | \_domainconnect | 1 hour | CNAME | \_domainconnect.gd.domaincontrol.com. | |
> | \_outlook | 1 hour | TXT | **XXXXXXXXX** | |
>
>
>
>
> 5. Return to the premium settings in outlook to set your custom domain.
> 6. Choose the option "I already have a domain"
> 7. Enter the domain you just configured
> 8. You have to click to login to GoDaddy, do this, but just exit the page it goes to.
> 9. Congratulations it should now say you connected the domain with GoDaddy!
>
>
> | Not according to Microsoft.
In their FAQ for personal and family subscriptions ([Get a personalised address in Microsoft 365](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/get-a-personalized-email-address-in-microsoft-365-75416a58-b225-4c02-8c07-8979403b427b)) is this question:
>
> I already own a domain that's registered with a provider other than GoDaddy. Can I set up a personalized email address in Outlook.com?
>
>
>
Their answer is:
>
> At the moment, we only support connecting domains managed by GoDaddy with Outlook.com
>
>
>
Business and enterprise plans allow other registrars - see this MS doc [Buy a domain name](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/admin/get-help-with-domains/buy-a-domain-name?view=o365-worldwide) |
305,312 | According to Wikipedia the common expression "[the sky is falling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henny_Penny)" is from a folk tale:
>
> * ***Henny Penny***, more commonly known in the United States as "Chicken Little" and sometimes as "Chicken Licken", is a folk tale with a moral in the form of a cumulative tale about a chicken who believes the world is coming to an end.
> * ***The phrase "The sky is falling!" features prominently in the story, and has passed into the English language as a common idiom indicating a hysterical or mistaken belief that disaster is imminent.***
>
>
>
* Earlier versions of the tale have appeared in print from the beginning of the 19th century in northen european countries (Germany, Denmark etc.)
[Ngram](https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=the%20sky%20is%20falling&year_start=1800&year_end=2000&corpus=17&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cthe%20sky%20is%20falling%3B%2Cc0) shows usage examples of the expression 'the sky is falling' from the late 19th century.
Questions:
1) Was the expression coined in the English version of the tale or was it just translated from earlier foreign versions?
2) Can the expression actually have a much earlier origin, such as a biblical one for instance, possibly with a different connotation? | 2016/02/09 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/305312",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | The first instance of the Chicken Little story that a Google Books search finds is from "[Remarkable Story of Chicken Little: An Occurrence of Everyday Life](https://books.google.com/books?id=hEg2AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA415&dq=%22sky+is+falling%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi14eLKr-vKAhUQ7GMKHbvKDWsQ6AEIJjAA#v=onepage&q=%22sky%20is%20falling%22&f=false)," in the *[New York] Gazette of the Union and The Golden Rule* (December 9, 1848):
>
> As Chicken Little was one day strolling about in a garden, she ran under a rose-bush and a leaf fell on her tail.
>
>
> A Fox was standing by, and who wanted to make a good hearty meal, accosted her in amost friendly manner. "Oh, Chicken Little," said he, "you are shamefully abused. That weight which fell upon your tail was a grievous oppression. You ought to stir up your friends, and make a fuss about it." Chicken Little was awfully alarmed and excited, and away she ran to Hen Pen.
>
>
> "Oh, Hen Pen!" said she, "**the sky is falling**! for the soaring larks have unfastened it!"
>
>
>
In this version of the story, all of the barnyard fowl blame the larks for breaking up the sky and causing it to fall—which is why Hen Pen, Duck Luck, Goose Loose, and the rest turn to Fox Lox (well known as a foe of larks) for help. Interestingly larks are connected to an earlier commentary on skies falling. From "[Debate on the Bank of the United States](https://books.google.com/books?id=e7ETAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA71&dq=%22sky+were+to+fall%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj7iMv-tOvKAhVY02MKHQdvCKAQ6AEIHTAA#v=onepage&q=%22sky%20were%20to%20fall%22&f=false)" (April 13, 1810), in *The American Register, or General Repository of History, Politics and Science* (1811):
>
> [Remarks of Mr. Taylor:] But, says the gentleman [Mr. Love], there will be foreign influence. George the third may come over to reside here, I suppose—for unless he were here he could not vote. Sir, **if the sky were to fall**, we should catch larks—and that is not a more extreme case than the gentleman's hypothesis. {Mr. Love said he had supposed that the king of Great Britain would send his agents to reside here, who, being ostensible owners of the stock, might have the whole direction of the bank.}
>
>
>
Mr Taylor was by no means the first person to cite this aphorism. From Humphrey Mackworth, [*The Principles of a Member of the Black List: Set Forth by Way of a Dialogue*](https://books.google.com/books?id=_WJiAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA557&dq=%22should+catch+larks%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjh1prkt-vKAhVO2WMKHSMUCGIQ6AEIPzAF#v=onepage&q=%22should%20catch%20larks%22&f=false) (1702):
>
> ***Attorney.*** But suppose the King and the Lords, should concur with the Commons to the ruine of the Nation ; What then?
>
>
> ***L[or]d B.*** Suppose **the Sky should fall** ; What then?
>
>
> ***Lawyer.*** Why then we should catch Larks.
>
>
> L[or]d B. Ha, ha, that's right: And when King, Lords, and Commons, shall joyn together to give up our Liberties, I am afraid the Day of Judgment will come soon after, and then it is no matter who rules upon Earth.
>
>
>
James Howell, [*Proverbs, or, Old Sayed Sawes & Adages*](https://books.google.com/books?id=PCtWAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA5-PA13&dq=%22sky+falls%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjdmM3OvevKAhVB6GMKHa3bD5YQ6AEINjAE#v=onepage&q=%22sky%20falls%22&f=false) (1659) lists "When the Sky falls we shall catch Larks" as an English proverb.
William Nicholls, [*A Conference with a Theist*](https://books.google.com/books?id=Y7xjAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA190&dq=%22sky+fell%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiR3f_YuevKAhUM6WMKHU4rCrQQ6AEIUDAJ#v=onepage&q=%22sky%20fell%22&f=false) (1696) cites a cataclysmic skyfall that he claims is part of a Chinese origin myth:
>
> And as for the *Chinese*, that knowing Nation, which you Theists are wont to cry up for the standard of primitive Learning, and genuine Antiquity, let us see how they mend the matter in their account [of the origin of things]. And they tell us that one *Tayn* who lived in Heaven, famous for his Wisdom, disposed the parts of the World into the order we find them. That he created out of nothing the first Man *Panson*, and his Wife *Pansone*. That *Panson* by a delegated power from *Tayn*, created another Man called *Tanhom*, who was a great Naturalist and Physician, and understanding the nature of things gave names to them ; and this *Tanhom* had 13 Brethren so created,and so the World was peopled at first: Then after a while **the Sky fell down** upon the Earth, and destroyed them ; ...
>
>
>
However, the threat of the sky falling had been discussed since the days of the Old Testament prophets. From an 1852 translation of John Calvin, [*Commentary on the Prophet* Isaiah](https://books.google.com/books?id=2uZDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA47&dq=%22sky+is+falling%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi14eLKr-vKAhUQ7GMKHbvKDWsQ6AEIQDAF#v=onepage&q=%22sky%20is%20falling%22&f=false) (originally written in 1556):
>
> These statements [made by Isaiah] must not be understood to relate to men's apprehension, for heaven is not moved out of its place; but when the Lord gives manifestations of his anger, we are terrified as if the Lord folded up or threw down the heavens; not that anything of this kind takes place in heaven, but he speaks to careless men, who needed to be addressed in this manner, that they might not imagine the subject to be trivial or a fit subject of scorn."You will be seized with such terror that you shall think that **the sky is falling down on your heads**." It is the just punishment of indifference, that wicked men, who are not moved by any fear of God, dread their own shadow, and tremble "at the rustling of a falling leaf." (Lev[iticus] xxvi. 36,) as much as if the sun were falling from heaven.
>
>
>
One of the earliest English writings to treat the possibility of the sky's falling as a spurious concern is John Bramhall, "[An Answer to Monsieur de la Militière his Epistle to the King of Great-Britain](https://books.google.com/books?id=gFBOAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA107&dq=%22sky+falls%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwivkNypw-vKAhUK2WMKHXb0DVc4FBDoAQggMAE#v=onepage&q=%22sky%20falls%22&f=false)," appended to Théophile Brachet La Milletière, *The Victory of Truth for the Peace of the Church: To the King of Great Britain; to Invite Him to Embrace the Roman-Catholick Faith* (1653):
>
> He that weighs no more Circumstances or Occurrances than serve for the advancement of his Design, pronounceth sentence easily, but temerariously, and for the most part unsoundly. When such a thing as you dream of should happen, it were good manners in you to leave his Majesty to his Christian Liberty. But to trouble your self and others about the Moons shining in the water, so unseasonably, so impertinently, or with what will come to pass **when the sky falls**, is unbeseeming the Counseller of a King.
>
>
>
It thus appears that the Chicken Little story plays on two traditions: mythical descriptions of the sky falling and its effects on humanity, and jocular or scornful dismissals of the same possibility. | The connection between "the sky is falling" and larks appears also in Ben Jonson's "Inviting a Friend to Supper" (1616), where he promises his guest some larks as a dish:
"And though fowl now be scarce, yet there are clerks,
The sky not falling, think we may have larks." |
305,312 | According to Wikipedia the common expression "[the sky is falling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henny_Penny)" is from a folk tale:
>
> * ***Henny Penny***, more commonly known in the United States as "Chicken Little" and sometimes as "Chicken Licken", is a folk tale with a moral in the form of a cumulative tale about a chicken who believes the world is coming to an end.
> * ***The phrase "The sky is falling!" features prominently in the story, and has passed into the English language as a common idiom indicating a hysterical or mistaken belief that disaster is imminent.***
>
>
>
* Earlier versions of the tale have appeared in print from the beginning of the 19th century in northen european countries (Germany, Denmark etc.)
[Ngram](https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=the%20sky%20is%20falling&year_start=1800&year_end=2000&corpus=17&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cthe%20sky%20is%20falling%3B%2Cc0) shows usage examples of the expression 'the sky is falling' from the late 19th century.
Questions:
1) Was the expression coined in the English version of the tale or was it just translated from earlier foreign versions?
2) Can the expression actually have a much earlier origin, such as a biblical one for instance, possibly with a different connotation? | 2016/02/09 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/305312",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | The first instance of the Chicken Little story that a Google Books search finds is from "[Remarkable Story of Chicken Little: An Occurrence of Everyday Life](https://books.google.com/books?id=hEg2AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA415&dq=%22sky+is+falling%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi14eLKr-vKAhUQ7GMKHbvKDWsQ6AEIJjAA#v=onepage&q=%22sky%20is%20falling%22&f=false)," in the *[New York] Gazette of the Union and The Golden Rule* (December 9, 1848):
>
> As Chicken Little was one day strolling about in a garden, she ran under a rose-bush and a leaf fell on her tail.
>
>
> A Fox was standing by, and who wanted to make a good hearty meal, accosted her in amost friendly manner. "Oh, Chicken Little," said he, "you are shamefully abused. That weight which fell upon your tail was a grievous oppression. You ought to stir up your friends, and make a fuss about it." Chicken Little was awfully alarmed and excited, and away she ran to Hen Pen.
>
>
> "Oh, Hen Pen!" said she, "**the sky is falling**! for the soaring larks have unfastened it!"
>
>
>
In this version of the story, all of the barnyard fowl blame the larks for breaking up the sky and causing it to fall—which is why Hen Pen, Duck Luck, Goose Loose, and the rest turn to Fox Lox (well known as a foe of larks) for help. Interestingly larks are connected to an earlier commentary on skies falling. From "[Debate on the Bank of the United States](https://books.google.com/books?id=e7ETAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA71&dq=%22sky+were+to+fall%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj7iMv-tOvKAhVY02MKHQdvCKAQ6AEIHTAA#v=onepage&q=%22sky%20were%20to%20fall%22&f=false)" (April 13, 1810), in *The American Register, or General Repository of History, Politics and Science* (1811):
>
> [Remarks of Mr. Taylor:] But, says the gentleman [Mr. Love], there will be foreign influence. George the third may come over to reside here, I suppose—for unless he were here he could not vote. Sir, **if the sky were to fall**, we should catch larks—and that is not a more extreme case than the gentleman's hypothesis. {Mr. Love said he had supposed that the king of Great Britain would send his agents to reside here, who, being ostensible owners of the stock, might have the whole direction of the bank.}
>
>
>
Mr Taylor was by no means the first person to cite this aphorism. From Humphrey Mackworth, [*The Principles of a Member of the Black List: Set Forth by Way of a Dialogue*](https://books.google.com/books?id=_WJiAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA557&dq=%22should+catch+larks%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjh1prkt-vKAhVO2WMKHSMUCGIQ6AEIPzAF#v=onepage&q=%22should%20catch%20larks%22&f=false) (1702):
>
> ***Attorney.*** But suppose the King and the Lords, should concur with the Commons to the ruine of the Nation ; What then?
>
>
> ***L[or]d B.*** Suppose **the Sky should fall** ; What then?
>
>
> ***Lawyer.*** Why then we should catch Larks.
>
>
> L[or]d B. Ha, ha, that's right: And when King, Lords, and Commons, shall joyn together to give up our Liberties, I am afraid the Day of Judgment will come soon after, and then it is no matter who rules upon Earth.
>
>
>
James Howell, [*Proverbs, or, Old Sayed Sawes & Adages*](https://books.google.com/books?id=PCtWAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA5-PA13&dq=%22sky+falls%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjdmM3OvevKAhVB6GMKHa3bD5YQ6AEINjAE#v=onepage&q=%22sky%20falls%22&f=false) (1659) lists "When the Sky falls we shall catch Larks" as an English proverb.
William Nicholls, [*A Conference with a Theist*](https://books.google.com/books?id=Y7xjAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA190&dq=%22sky+fell%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiR3f_YuevKAhUM6WMKHU4rCrQQ6AEIUDAJ#v=onepage&q=%22sky%20fell%22&f=false) (1696) cites a cataclysmic skyfall that he claims is part of a Chinese origin myth:
>
> And as for the *Chinese*, that knowing Nation, which you Theists are wont to cry up for the standard of primitive Learning, and genuine Antiquity, let us see how they mend the matter in their account [of the origin of things]. And they tell us that one *Tayn* who lived in Heaven, famous for his Wisdom, disposed the parts of the World into the order we find them. That he created out of nothing the first Man *Panson*, and his Wife *Pansone*. That *Panson* by a delegated power from *Tayn*, created another Man called *Tanhom*, who was a great Naturalist and Physician, and understanding the nature of things gave names to them ; and this *Tanhom* had 13 Brethren so created,and so the World was peopled at first: Then after a while **the Sky fell down** upon the Earth, and destroyed them ; ...
>
>
>
However, the threat of the sky falling had been discussed since the days of the Old Testament prophets. From an 1852 translation of John Calvin, [*Commentary on the Prophet* Isaiah](https://books.google.com/books?id=2uZDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA47&dq=%22sky+is+falling%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi14eLKr-vKAhUQ7GMKHbvKDWsQ6AEIQDAF#v=onepage&q=%22sky%20is%20falling%22&f=false) (originally written in 1556):
>
> These statements [made by Isaiah] must not be understood to relate to men's apprehension, for heaven is not moved out of its place; but when the Lord gives manifestations of his anger, we are terrified as if the Lord folded up or threw down the heavens; not that anything of this kind takes place in heaven, but he speaks to careless men, who needed to be addressed in this manner, that they might not imagine the subject to be trivial or a fit subject of scorn."You will be seized with such terror that you shall think that **the sky is falling down on your heads**." It is the just punishment of indifference, that wicked men, who are not moved by any fear of God, dread their own shadow, and tremble "at the rustling of a falling leaf." (Lev[iticus] xxvi. 36,) as much as if the sun were falling from heaven.
>
>
>
One of the earliest English writings to treat the possibility of the sky's falling as a spurious concern is John Bramhall, "[An Answer to Monsieur de la Militière his Epistle to the King of Great-Britain](https://books.google.com/books?id=gFBOAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA107&dq=%22sky+falls%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwivkNypw-vKAhUK2WMKHXb0DVc4FBDoAQggMAE#v=onepage&q=%22sky%20falls%22&f=false)," appended to Théophile Brachet La Milletière, *The Victory of Truth for the Peace of the Church: To the King of Great Britain; to Invite Him to Embrace the Roman-Catholick Faith* (1653):
>
> He that weighs no more Circumstances or Occurrances than serve for the advancement of his Design, pronounceth sentence easily, but temerariously, and for the most part unsoundly. When such a thing as you dream of should happen, it were good manners in you to leave his Majesty to his Christian Liberty. But to trouble your self and others about the Moons shining in the water, so unseasonably, so impertinently, or with what will come to pass **when the sky falls**, is unbeseeming the Counseller of a King.
>
>
>
It thus appears that the Chicken Little story plays on two traditions: mythical descriptions of the sky falling and its effects on humanity, and jocular or scornful dismissals of the same possibility. | T.W. Rolleston, [Celtic Myths and Legends](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Celtic_Myths_and_Legends/xXNtDQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0) (1990) writes of the alliance between the Celts and Alexander in the latter's conquest of Asia in 334 BC:
>
> As the Celtic envoys, who are described as men of haughty bearing and great stature, their mission concluded, were drinking with the king, he asked them, it is said, what was the thing they, the Celts, most feared. The envoys replied: "We fear no man: there is but one thing that we fear, namely, that **the sky should fall on us**; be we regard nothing so much as the friendship of a man such as thou."
>
>
>
This is said to be quoted by Ptolemy Soter, a friend of Alexander's. The footnote also admits that Ptolemy's work has not survived, "but is quoted by Arrian and other historians."
Later, Rolleston writes:
>
> The national oath by which the Celts bound themselves to the observance of their covenant with Alexander is remarkable. "If we observe not this engagement," they said, "**may the sky fall on us** and crush us, may the earth gape and swallow us up, may the sea burst out and overwhelm us."
>
>
> |
305,312 | According to Wikipedia the common expression "[the sky is falling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henny_Penny)" is from a folk tale:
>
> * ***Henny Penny***, more commonly known in the United States as "Chicken Little" and sometimes as "Chicken Licken", is a folk tale with a moral in the form of a cumulative tale about a chicken who believes the world is coming to an end.
> * ***The phrase "The sky is falling!" features prominently in the story, and has passed into the English language as a common idiom indicating a hysterical or mistaken belief that disaster is imminent.***
>
>
>
* Earlier versions of the tale have appeared in print from the beginning of the 19th century in northen european countries (Germany, Denmark etc.)
[Ngram](https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=the%20sky%20is%20falling&year_start=1800&year_end=2000&corpus=17&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cthe%20sky%20is%20falling%3B%2Cc0) shows usage examples of the expression 'the sky is falling' from the late 19th century.
Questions:
1) Was the expression coined in the English version of the tale or was it just translated from earlier foreign versions?
2) Can the expression actually have a much earlier origin, such as a biblical one for instance, possibly with a different connotation? | 2016/02/09 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/305312",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | T.W. Rolleston, [Celtic Myths and Legends](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Celtic_Myths_and_Legends/xXNtDQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0) (1990) writes of the alliance between the Celts and Alexander in the latter's conquest of Asia in 334 BC:
>
> As the Celtic envoys, who are described as men of haughty bearing and great stature, their mission concluded, were drinking with the king, he asked them, it is said, what was the thing they, the Celts, most feared. The envoys replied: "We fear no man: there is but one thing that we fear, namely, that **the sky should fall on us**; be we regard nothing so much as the friendship of a man such as thou."
>
>
>
This is said to be quoted by Ptolemy Soter, a friend of Alexander's. The footnote also admits that Ptolemy's work has not survived, "but is quoted by Arrian and other historians."
Later, Rolleston writes:
>
> The national oath by which the Celts bound themselves to the observance of their covenant with Alexander is remarkable. "If we observe not this engagement," they said, "**may the sky fall on us** and crush us, may the earth gape and swallow us up, may the sea burst out and overwhelm us."
>
>
> | The connection between "the sky is falling" and larks appears also in Ben Jonson's "Inviting a Friend to Supper" (1616), where he promises his guest some larks as a dish:
"And though fowl now be scarce, yet there are clerks,
The sky not falling, think we may have larks." |
138,703 | I'm designing a BLDC driver (sensorless) using the the KL04 microcontroller. I am implementing a zero cross detection for commutation of the states. The flow I am implementing is:
1. duty cycly = 30%.
2. the bldc looks for '0' crossing and finds it.
3. commutations done at that time interval after that. its then an endless loop.
The above steps are fine and I am detecting '0' crossing properly. I am using a BLDC with no load. Please note that I am hardcoding the software to make the PWM duty-cycle to be 30%.
Now I just attach a small load, a blade/rotor for the motor. What happens next is confusing.
The software detects the '0' crossing and then crashes. The oscilloscope wave is shown below
It shows a correct '0' crossing. this happens at a small yellow spike. but then after sometime it crashes. Even the pwm is not shown in that channel.
Without the load/blades my motor takes about 1 amp and with the rotor it takes about 1.2 amps. Hence, we know a load is there.
Can any one explain where I am making some errors please? | 2014/11/15 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/138703",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/38261/"
] | When normally running from an AC supply, an induction motor runs at synchronous speed minus slip speed. The slip speed is determined by the amount of mechanical load attached. More load and the slip increases to allow the current induced in the rotor to rise and enable more power to be provided to the load.
If you were able to spin the motor and spin it at exactly synchronous speed the current taken by the stator would be zero (apart from the ever-present magnetization current). The voltage induced in the rotor would also be zero.
So we have the scenario that (ignoring magnetization currents), the stator current is zero at synch speed and rises (almost linearly) to some "full value" at maximum mechanical load.
Why should it be a surprise that spinning the motor at faster than synchronous speed (mentioning "sync-speed" absolutely implies it is connected to an AC supply of course) it becomes a generator?
Answering a bit more, the reactive "power" in the rotor does not contribute to output power when driven as a generator. Output power (into say a 3ph supply) is input mechanical power minus generator losses. The magetization currents in rotor and stator are just a means to an end. | My answer is a bit different. The reason a motor can drive something is that the two magnets on each pole are slightly "to one side" so rotation with torque results. It you force the two magnets to be in the opposite relationship, the driven leading the driver, the magnetic field is pushed in a way that ramps the voltage up as the two poles come nearer to being centered over one another.
Sort of like a spark coil.
Because the device is synchronous, that condition is never reached. The two are held in relative position by the magnetic opposition of the two like poles.
Power fed into the stator tries to bring the armature up to speed. At synchronous speed, no work can be done. Spinning the armature faster causes the stator to try to slow the armature back to synchronous speed. It does that be producing power and shoving it into the grid which is running at a lower voltage. The grid is a large sink. It takes work to maintain this condition so it is a 'generator'.
You can inject DC into the stator and generate power which is dumped as DC into a resistor. This is how AC motors can be stopped quickly. A radial arm saw motor is the most accessible implementation of this. It you disconnect the resistor it slows down like a normal motor instead of very quickly. After turning off the motor it coasts then the resistor cuts in with dramatic effect. It generates power which is used to oppose it's own rotation. |
138,703 | I'm designing a BLDC driver (sensorless) using the the KL04 microcontroller. I am implementing a zero cross detection for commutation of the states. The flow I am implementing is:
1. duty cycly = 30%.
2. the bldc looks for '0' crossing and finds it.
3. commutations done at that time interval after that. its then an endless loop.
The above steps are fine and I am detecting '0' crossing properly. I am using a BLDC with no load. Please note that I am hardcoding the software to make the PWM duty-cycle to be 30%.
Now I just attach a small load, a blade/rotor for the motor. What happens next is confusing.
The software detects the '0' crossing and then crashes. The oscilloscope wave is shown below
It shows a correct '0' crossing. this happens at a small yellow spike. but then after sometime it crashes. Even the pwm is not shown in that channel.
Without the load/blades my motor takes about 1 amp and with the rotor it takes about 1.2 amps. Hence, we know a load is there.
Can any one explain where I am making some errors please? | 2014/11/15 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/138703",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/38261/"
] | When normally running from an AC supply, an induction motor runs at synchronous speed minus slip speed. The slip speed is determined by the amount of mechanical load attached. More load and the slip increases to allow the current induced in the rotor to rise and enable more power to be provided to the load.
If you were able to spin the motor and spin it at exactly synchronous speed the current taken by the stator would be zero (apart from the ever-present magnetization current). The voltage induced in the rotor would also be zero.
So we have the scenario that (ignoring magnetization currents), the stator current is zero at synch speed and rises (almost linearly) to some "full value" at maximum mechanical load.
Why should it be a surprise that spinning the motor at faster than synchronous speed (mentioning "sync-speed" absolutely implies it is connected to an AC supply of course) it becomes a generator?
Answering a bit more, the reactive "power" in the rotor does not contribute to output power when driven as a generator. Output power (into say a 3ph supply) is input mechanical power minus generator losses. The magetization currents in rotor and stator are just a means to an end. | If you think of an induction motor as a transformer you will notice that the primary coils are in the stator and the secondary coils are in the rotor.
The secondary coils are shorted out so that current can flow within those coils by the induced current when an AC current is applied to the primary coils in the stator. This current in the secondary coils produces a magnetic field. Because of the inductance of the secondary coil, this magnetic field resists change.
When you apply a force slowing down the rotor, due to this resistance of the magnetic field to change, the magnetic field will lag behind and therefor the magnetic field in the stator will pull the magnetic field in the rotor producing a force against the force trying to slow down the rotor.
If you attempt to speed up the rotor, the exact opposite will occur. The magnetic field will then lead the magnetic field in the stator. this will induce a current in the stator which is in the direction that the current in the stator already is going. The harder you push the rotor, the more this current will be. This current results in the generation of an alternating current. |
138,703 | I'm designing a BLDC driver (sensorless) using the the KL04 microcontroller. I am implementing a zero cross detection for commutation of the states. The flow I am implementing is:
1. duty cycly = 30%.
2. the bldc looks for '0' crossing and finds it.
3. commutations done at that time interval after that. its then an endless loop.
The above steps are fine and I am detecting '0' crossing properly. I am using a BLDC with no load. Please note that I am hardcoding the software to make the PWM duty-cycle to be 30%.
Now I just attach a small load, a blade/rotor for the motor. What happens next is confusing.
The software detects the '0' crossing and then crashes. The oscilloscope wave is shown below
It shows a correct '0' crossing. this happens at a small yellow spike. but then after sometime it crashes. Even the pwm is not shown in that channel.
Without the load/blades my motor takes about 1 amp and with the rotor it takes about 1.2 amps. Hence, we know a load is there.
Can any one explain where I am making some errors please? | 2014/11/15 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/138703",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/38261/"
] | If you think of an induction motor as a transformer you will notice that the primary coils are in the stator and the secondary coils are in the rotor.
The secondary coils are shorted out so that current can flow within those coils by the induced current when an AC current is applied to the primary coils in the stator. This current in the secondary coils produces a magnetic field. Because of the inductance of the secondary coil, this magnetic field resists change.
When you apply a force slowing down the rotor, due to this resistance of the magnetic field to change, the magnetic field will lag behind and therefor the magnetic field in the stator will pull the magnetic field in the rotor producing a force against the force trying to slow down the rotor.
If you attempt to speed up the rotor, the exact opposite will occur. The magnetic field will then lead the magnetic field in the stator. this will induce a current in the stator which is in the direction that the current in the stator already is going. The harder you push the rotor, the more this current will be. This current results in the generation of an alternating current. | My answer is a bit different. The reason a motor can drive something is that the two magnets on each pole are slightly "to one side" so rotation with torque results. It you force the two magnets to be in the opposite relationship, the driven leading the driver, the magnetic field is pushed in a way that ramps the voltage up as the two poles come nearer to being centered over one another.
Sort of like a spark coil.
Because the device is synchronous, that condition is never reached. The two are held in relative position by the magnetic opposition of the two like poles.
Power fed into the stator tries to bring the armature up to speed. At synchronous speed, no work can be done. Spinning the armature faster causes the stator to try to slow the armature back to synchronous speed. It does that be producing power and shoving it into the grid which is running at a lower voltage. The grid is a large sink. It takes work to maintain this condition so it is a 'generator'.
You can inject DC into the stator and generate power which is dumped as DC into a resistor. This is how AC motors can be stopped quickly. A radial arm saw motor is the most accessible implementation of this. It you disconnect the resistor it slows down like a normal motor instead of very quickly. After turning off the motor it coasts then the resistor cuts in with dramatic effect. It generates power which is used to oppose it's own rotation. |
181,422 | Two to three years ago, I was reading a very interesting sci-fi manga, but I dropped it and now I can't remember the name. It was not new when I read it, but I'm pretty sure it was released after 2000.
If I am right the protagonist was at middle school. He was an average boy and there were this alien girl as his classmate. The alien girl lived in a abandoned tram, had a black bob cut with bangs, and looked completely normal (although two other aliens were big and detailed).
At some point the girl got in a fight with an other alien at the Ferris wheel and the boy got pierced through heart and then the girl saved him somehow. (It was a bloody mess). Then there was some drama in school at some point and then there was the boy's twin brother, who had long hair, and his alien female friend. I dropped it at this point because I did not like the twin brothers hairstyle.
The art was rather beautiful (in my eyes). It was probably an English version, but I have been reading manga in five different languages for years, so I can't be sure.
It was actually kind of a confusing book. The themes were something like: being lonely, getting friends, and other stuff that could found from *[Shugo Chara!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shugo_Chara!)*, but instead of handling fights in a way *[Shugo Chara!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shugo_Chara!)* does (so it would be good for younger audience), it handled it like *[Akumetsu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akumetsu)* did except there was no guns. | 2018/02/13 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/181422",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/96520/"
] | [*Hitoribocchi no Chikyuu Shinryaku*](https://myanimelist.net/manga/35551/Hitoribocchi_no_Chikyuu_Shinryaku) (2012).
Kouichi is a high school student who lives with his grandfather and helps him with his coffee shop, he has a twin brother who's sick and stays at the hospital. At the entrance ceremony, he meets a strange girl wearing a mask, she claims that 10 years ago she came to Earth and saved his life by giving him a heart, which she tries to reclaim; but the heart completely assimilated with the boy. She offers to be friends and take over the planet. Of course, the boy refuses and leaves to help his grandfather at the coffee shop, but is soon attacked by another alien. The strange girl shows up again, and says that she will help if he will become her friend and help her take over the world.
Later in the story we find out that she lives in abandoned tramway. The Earth is an isolated planet, and only the keys that are on Earth will help to access the full invasion. Only special individuals can go to Earth because it's "locked". So the girl and the boy defend the planet from other aliens while also searching for the keys.
I don't want to spoil the story anymore because the story is amazing one of the best sci-fi I ever read and the art style is amazing shame that it is not so popular.
---
I got here searching for this specific manga; Google search is pretty useless because it searches what is popular and based on cookies, so to find it what I did was specify manga website and then search by description. Only then did it give normal results. | [*Busou Renkin*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buso_Renkin) (2003)
>
> The narrative of Buso Renkin follows Kazuki Muto, who saves Tokiko Tsumura and is killed by an alchemical monster known as a homunculus. Tokiko, an alchemist warrior, feels responsible and revives him by replacing his destroyed heart with a kakugane (核鉄). The kakugane is an alchemical device which, when activated, takes a weapon form based on its user's personality, forming a buso renkin—the only thing that can destroy a homunculus. Kazuki creates his own buso renkin and joins Tokiko in the fight against the homunculi and their master, Koushaku Chouno. Chouno, who has renamed himself "Papillon", is killed by Kazuki, but is later resurrected by the L.X.E., a humanoid homunculi group led by Chouno's great-great-grandfather Bakushaku Chouno, now calling himself Dr. Butterfly. In various battles, Kazuki, Tokiko and Captain Bravo (their team leader) destroy most of the L.X.E.'s members. After learning that Dr. Butterfly believes him to be weak and useless, Papillon rebels against the L.X.E. and kills Dr. Butterfly.
>
>
> |
181,422 | Two to three years ago, I was reading a very interesting sci-fi manga, but I dropped it and now I can't remember the name. It was not new when I read it, but I'm pretty sure it was released after 2000.
If I am right the protagonist was at middle school. He was an average boy and there were this alien girl as his classmate. The alien girl lived in a abandoned tram, had a black bob cut with bangs, and looked completely normal (although two other aliens were big and detailed).
At some point the girl got in a fight with an other alien at the Ferris wheel and the boy got pierced through heart and then the girl saved him somehow. (It was a bloody mess). Then there was some drama in school at some point and then there was the boy's twin brother, who had long hair, and his alien female friend. I dropped it at this point because I did not like the twin brothers hairstyle.
The art was rather beautiful (in my eyes). It was probably an English version, but I have been reading manga in five different languages for years, so I can't be sure.
It was actually kind of a confusing book. The themes were something like: being lonely, getting friends, and other stuff that could found from *[Shugo Chara!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shugo_Chara!)*, but instead of handling fights in a way *[Shugo Chara!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shugo_Chara!)* does (so it would be good for younger audience), it handled it like *[Akumetsu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akumetsu)* did except there was no guns. | 2018/02/13 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/181422",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/96520/"
] | Middle school boy meets an alien girl class mate with sci-fi elements?
Kinda broad, considering the genre and various little-known mangas that fall into it... they all fit underneath the bigger umbrella of "supernatural girlfriend"... but given your detail, one that comes to my mind most strongly would be **The World of Narue** (2003):
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/yazMd.png)
From [Anime News Network](https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/anime.php?id=2128):
>
> **Genres:** comedy, drama, romance, science fiction
>
>
> **Themes:** aliens
>
>
> **Plot Summary:** Iizuka Kazuto is a 14 year old boy who meets a somewhat weird but cute and charming girl named Narue Nanase who claims she is an Alien. The show is about the trials and tribulations of the young couple as they get to know each other.
>
>
>
From [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World_of_Narue):
>
> Kazuto Izuka is an average 14-year-old boy who one day encounters an abandoned puppy that turns into a space alien creature but is saved by schoolmate named Narue Nanase. When he goes to thank her, he discovers she too is a space alien whose father was part of a galactic exploration team. With the encouragement of his friend, Masaki Maruo, Izuka asks Narue out on a date. Narue is reluctant at first, but after Kazuto confesses his love to her, and assures her that he is not bothered by her alien heritage, Narue agrees and they start dating.
>
>
>
To be honest, the series has more comedy/slice of life/romance leanings, but there are some pretty sci-fi heavy aspects, especially when it comes to the tech:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/h59mB.png)
Narue *herself* though seems to be pretty much terrestrial *human,* with no notable aspects that differentiate her from other Earthlings; she has no noticeable deformities, no identifying marks, no genetic distinctions, no psychic powers, no enhanced abilities, no physical mutations... considering she was basically raised on Earth, the girl doesn't even have any real "quirky" behavior that makes her seriously seem like a "Fish out of water". She's more or less your average middle-schooler, just kind of... nominally odd. So the "alien" aspect isn't quite as apparent as in other series. | [*Busou Renkin*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buso_Renkin) (2003)
>
> The narrative of Buso Renkin follows Kazuki Muto, who saves Tokiko Tsumura and is killed by an alchemical monster known as a homunculus. Tokiko, an alchemist warrior, feels responsible and revives him by replacing his destroyed heart with a kakugane (核鉄). The kakugane is an alchemical device which, when activated, takes a weapon form based on its user's personality, forming a buso renkin—the only thing that can destroy a homunculus. Kazuki creates his own buso renkin and joins Tokiko in the fight against the homunculi and their master, Koushaku Chouno. Chouno, who has renamed himself "Papillon", is killed by Kazuki, but is later resurrected by the L.X.E., a humanoid homunculi group led by Chouno's great-great-grandfather Bakushaku Chouno, now calling himself Dr. Butterfly. In various battles, Kazuki, Tokiko and Captain Bravo (their team leader) destroy most of the L.X.E.'s members. After learning that Dr. Butterfly believes him to be weak and useless, Papillon rebels against the L.X.E. and kills Dr. Butterfly.
>
>
> |
181,422 | Two to three years ago, I was reading a very interesting sci-fi manga, but I dropped it and now I can't remember the name. It was not new when I read it, but I'm pretty sure it was released after 2000.
If I am right the protagonist was at middle school. He was an average boy and there were this alien girl as his classmate. The alien girl lived in a abandoned tram, had a black bob cut with bangs, and looked completely normal (although two other aliens were big and detailed).
At some point the girl got in a fight with an other alien at the Ferris wheel and the boy got pierced through heart and then the girl saved him somehow. (It was a bloody mess). Then there was some drama in school at some point and then there was the boy's twin brother, who had long hair, and his alien female friend. I dropped it at this point because I did not like the twin brothers hairstyle.
The art was rather beautiful (in my eyes). It was probably an English version, but I have been reading manga in five different languages for years, so I can't be sure.
It was actually kind of a confusing book. The themes were something like: being lonely, getting friends, and other stuff that could found from *[Shugo Chara!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shugo_Chara!)*, but instead of handling fights in a way *[Shugo Chara!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shugo_Chara!)* does (so it would be good for younger audience), it handled it like *[Akumetsu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akumetsu)* did except there was no guns. | 2018/02/13 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/181422",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/96520/"
] | [*Hitoribocchi no Chikyuu Shinryaku*](https://myanimelist.net/manga/35551/Hitoribocchi_no_Chikyuu_Shinryaku) (2012).
Kouichi is a high school student who lives with his grandfather and helps him with his coffee shop, he has a twin brother who's sick and stays at the hospital. At the entrance ceremony, he meets a strange girl wearing a mask, she claims that 10 years ago she came to Earth and saved his life by giving him a heart, which she tries to reclaim; but the heart completely assimilated with the boy. She offers to be friends and take over the planet. Of course, the boy refuses and leaves to help his grandfather at the coffee shop, but is soon attacked by another alien. The strange girl shows up again, and says that she will help if he will become her friend and help her take over the world.
Later in the story we find out that she lives in abandoned tramway. The Earth is an isolated planet, and only the keys that are on Earth will help to access the full invasion. Only special individuals can go to Earth because it's "locked". So the girl and the boy defend the planet from other aliens while also searching for the keys.
I don't want to spoil the story anymore because the story is amazing one of the best sci-fi I ever read and the art style is amazing shame that it is not so popular.
---
I got here searching for this specific manga; Google search is pretty useless because it searches what is popular and based on cookies, so to find it what I did was specify manga website and then search by description. Only then did it give normal results. | Middle school boy meets an alien girl class mate with sci-fi elements?
Kinda broad, considering the genre and various little-known mangas that fall into it... they all fit underneath the bigger umbrella of "supernatural girlfriend"... but given your detail, one that comes to my mind most strongly would be **The World of Narue** (2003):
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/yazMd.png)
From [Anime News Network](https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/anime.php?id=2128):
>
> **Genres:** comedy, drama, romance, science fiction
>
>
> **Themes:** aliens
>
>
> **Plot Summary:** Iizuka Kazuto is a 14 year old boy who meets a somewhat weird but cute and charming girl named Narue Nanase who claims she is an Alien. The show is about the trials and tribulations of the young couple as they get to know each other.
>
>
>
From [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World_of_Narue):
>
> Kazuto Izuka is an average 14-year-old boy who one day encounters an abandoned puppy that turns into a space alien creature but is saved by schoolmate named Narue Nanase. When he goes to thank her, he discovers she too is a space alien whose father was part of a galactic exploration team. With the encouragement of his friend, Masaki Maruo, Izuka asks Narue out on a date. Narue is reluctant at first, but after Kazuto confesses his love to her, and assures her that he is not bothered by her alien heritage, Narue agrees and they start dating.
>
>
>
To be honest, the series has more comedy/slice of life/romance leanings, but there are some pretty sci-fi heavy aspects, especially when it comes to the tech:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/h59mB.png)
Narue *herself* though seems to be pretty much terrestrial *human,* with no notable aspects that differentiate her from other Earthlings; she has no noticeable deformities, no identifying marks, no genetic distinctions, no psychic powers, no enhanced abilities, no physical mutations... considering she was basically raised on Earth, the girl doesn't even have any real "quirky" behavior that makes her seriously seem like a "Fish out of water". She's more or less your average middle-schooler, just kind of... nominally odd. So the "alien" aspect isn't quite as apparent as in other series. |
909,983 | How are random numbers generated.? How do languages such as java etc generate random numbers, especially how it is done for GUIDs.? i found that algorithms like Pseudorandomnumber generator uses initial values.
But i need to create a random number program, in which a number once occurred should never repeats even if the system is restarted etc. I thought that i need to store the values anywhere so that i can check if the number repeats or not, but it will be too complex when the list goes beyond limits.? | 2009/05/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/909983",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/73137/"
] | First: If the number is guaranteed to never repeat, it's not very random.
Second: There are lots of [PRNG algorithms](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pseudorandom_number_generators).
UPDATE:
Third: There's an [IETF RFC for UUIDs](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4122) (what MS calls GUIDs), but you should recognize that (U|G)UIDs are *not* cryptographically secure, if that is a concern for you.
UPDATE 2:
If you want to actually use something like this in production code (not just for your own edification) **please** use a pre-existing library. This is the sort of code that is almost guaranteed to have subtle bugs in it if you've never done it before (or even if you have).
UPDATE 3:
Here's the [docs for .NET's GUID](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.guid.aspx) | Most random number generators have a way to "randomly" reïnitialize the seed value. (Sometimes called randomize).
If that's not possible, you can also use the system clock to initialize the seed. |
909,983 | How are random numbers generated.? How do languages such as java etc generate random numbers, especially how it is done for GUIDs.? i found that algorithms like Pseudorandomnumber generator uses initial values.
But i need to create a random number program, in which a number once occurred should never repeats even if the system is restarted etc. I thought that i need to store the values anywhere so that i can check if the number repeats or not, but it will be too complex when the list goes beyond limits.? | 2009/05/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/909983",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/73137/"
] | There are a lot of ways you could generate random numbers. It's usually done with a system/library call which uses a pseudo-number generator with a seed as you've already described.
But, there are other ways of getting random numbers which involve specialized hardware to get TRUE random numbers. I know of some [poker sites](http://www.ultimatebet.net/help/random) that use this kind of hardware. It's very interesting to read how they do it. | Most random number generators have a way to "randomly" reïnitialize the seed value. (Sometimes called randomize).
If that's not possible, you can also use the system clock to initialize the seed. |
909,983 | How are random numbers generated.? How do languages such as java etc generate random numbers, especially how it is done for GUIDs.? i found that algorithms like Pseudorandomnumber generator uses initial values.
But i need to create a random number program, in which a number once occurred should never repeats even if the system is restarted etc. I thought that i need to store the values anywhere so that i can check if the number repeats or not, but it will be too complex when the list goes beyond limits.? | 2009/05/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/909983",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/73137/"
] | First: If the number is guaranteed to never repeat, it's not very random.
Second: There are lots of [PRNG algorithms](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pseudorandom_number_generators).
UPDATE:
Third: There's an [IETF RFC for UUIDs](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4122) (what MS calls GUIDs), but you should recognize that (U|G)UIDs are *not* cryptographically secure, if that is a concern for you.
UPDATE 2:
If you want to actually use something like this in production code (not just for your own edification) **please** use a pre-existing library. This is the sort of code that is almost guaranteed to have subtle bugs in it if you've never done it before (or even if you have).
UPDATE 3:
Here's the [docs for .NET's GUID](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.guid.aspx) | There are a lot of ways you could generate random numbers. It's usually done with a system/library call which uses a pseudo-number generator with a seed as you've already described.
But, there are other ways of getting random numbers which involve specialized hardware to get TRUE random numbers. I know of some [poker sites](http://www.ultimatebet.net/help/random) that use this kind of hardware. It's very interesting to read how they do it. |
909,983 | How are random numbers generated.? How do languages such as java etc generate random numbers, especially how it is done for GUIDs.? i found that algorithms like Pseudorandomnumber generator uses initial values.
But i need to create a random number program, in which a number once occurred should never repeats even if the system is restarted etc. I thought that i need to store the values anywhere so that i can check if the number repeats or not, but it will be too complex when the list goes beyond limits.? | 2009/05/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/909983",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/73137/"
] | First: If the number is guaranteed to never repeat, it's not very random.
Second: There are lots of [PRNG algorithms](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pseudorandom_number_generators).
UPDATE:
Third: There's an [IETF RFC for UUIDs](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4122) (what MS calls GUIDs), but you should recognize that (U|G)UIDs are *not* cryptographically secure, if that is a concern for you.
UPDATE 2:
If you want to actually use something like this in production code (not just for your own edification) **please** use a pre-existing library. This is the sort of code that is almost guaranteed to have subtle bugs in it if you've never done it before (or even if you have).
UPDATE 3:
Here's the [docs for .NET's GUID](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.guid.aspx) | You could use this code sample:
<http://xkcd.com/221/>
Or, you can use this book:
[http://www.amazon.com/Million-Random-Digits-Normal-Deviates/dp/0833030477](https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0833030477)
But seriously, don't implement it yourself, use an existing library. You can't be the first person to do this. |
909,983 | How are random numbers generated.? How do languages such as java etc generate random numbers, especially how it is done for GUIDs.? i found that algorithms like Pseudorandomnumber generator uses initial values.
But i need to create a random number program, in which a number once occurred should never repeats even if the system is restarted etc. I thought that i need to store the values anywhere so that i can check if the number repeats or not, but it will be too complex when the list goes beyond limits.? | 2009/05/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/909983",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/73137/"
] | First: If the number is guaranteed to never repeat, it's not very random.
Second: There are lots of [PRNG algorithms](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pseudorandom_number_generators).
UPDATE:
Third: There's an [IETF RFC for UUIDs](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4122) (what MS calls GUIDs), but you should recognize that (U|G)UIDs are *not* cryptographically secure, if that is a concern for you.
UPDATE 2:
If you want to actually use something like this in production code (not just for your own edification) **please** use a pre-existing library. This is the sort of code that is almost guaranteed to have subtle bugs in it if you've never done it before (or even if you have).
UPDATE 3:
Here's the [docs for .NET's GUID](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.guid.aspx) | I understand that you are seeking a way to generate random number using C#. If yes, [RNGCryptoServiceProvider](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.security.cryptography.rngcryptoserviceprovider.aspx) is what you are looking for.
[EDIT]
If you generate a fairly long number of bytes using RNGCryptoServiceProvider, it is likely to be unique but there is no gurantee. In theory, true random numbers doesnt mean to be unique. You roll a dice 2 times and you may get head both the times but they are still random. TRUE RANDOM!
I guess to apply the check of being unique, you just have to roll out your own mechanism of keeping history of previously generated numbers. |
909,983 | How are random numbers generated.? How do languages such as java etc generate random numbers, especially how it is done for GUIDs.? i found that algorithms like Pseudorandomnumber generator uses initial values.
But i need to create a random number program, in which a number once occurred should never repeats even if the system is restarted etc. I thought that i need to store the values anywhere so that i can check if the number repeats or not, but it will be too complex when the list goes beyond limits.? | 2009/05/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/909983",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/73137/"
] | There are a lot of ways you could generate random numbers. It's usually done with a system/library call which uses a pseudo-number generator with a seed as you've already described.
But, there are other ways of getting random numbers which involve specialized hardware to get TRUE random numbers. I know of some [poker sites](http://www.ultimatebet.net/help/random) that use this kind of hardware. It's very interesting to read how they do it. | You could use this code sample:
<http://xkcd.com/221/>
Or, you can use this book:
[http://www.amazon.com/Million-Random-Digits-Normal-Deviates/dp/0833030477](https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0833030477)
But seriously, don't implement it yourself, use an existing library. You can't be the first person to do this. |
909,983 | How are random numbers generated.? How do languages such as java etc generate random numbers, especially how it is done for GUIDs.? i found that algorithms like Pseudorandomnumber generator uses initial values.
But i need to create a random number program, in which a number once occurred should never repeats even if the system is restarted etc. I thought that i need to store the values anywhere so that i can check if the number repeats or not, but it will be too complex when the list goes beyond limits.? | 2009/05/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/909983",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/73137/"
] | There are a lot of ways you could generate random numbers. It's usually done with a system/library call which uses a pseudo-number generator with a seed as you've already described.
But, there are other ways of getting random numbers which involve specialized hardware to get TRUE random numbers. I know of some [poker sites](http://www.ultimatebet.net/help/random) that use this kind of hardware. It's very interesting to read how they do it. | I understand that you are seeking a way to generate random number using C#. If yes, [RNGCryptoServiceProvider](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.security.cryptography.rngcryptoserviceprovider.aspx) is what you are looking for.
[EDIT]
If you generate a fairly long number of bytes using RNGCryptoServiceProvider, it is likely to be unique but there is no gurantee. In theory, true random numbers doesnt mean to be unique. You roll a dice 2 times and you may get head both the times but they are still random. TRUE RANDOM!
I guess to apply the check of being unique, you just have to roll out your own mechanism of keeping history of previously generated numbers. |
6,799 | I realized I start sentences with *the*, *he*, *she*, *it*, *after* and *then* all the time. So I'm starting to use verbs instead. Here is an example of something I wrote:
>
> Erin left out a sigh. "Why am I thinking so much about this?"
>
>
> She decided to forget about the thing, and go lie on bed instead. Talking to herself had really made her tired; a little bit more
> and she would go crazy. She reached to her desk and grabbed her phone.
> Hearing Benjamin's voice would probably snap her back to reality.
>
>
>
I remember having read about this long ago (but I don't remember if the author considered it good or bad writing). | 2012/12/14 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/6799",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/1544/"
] | Sentences should start with anything that makes grammatical and syntactical sense. Writers create, so create your own rules. As long as they make sense, your reader will understand.
Your example is actually a gerund, which does act as a noun, but consider these:
* "To be or not to be?" (Starts with a preposition.)
* "Brilliantly, he began his sentence with a verb." (Starts with an
adverb.)
* "Skilled and astute, he quickly posted his question on Stack
Exchange." (Starts with an adjective.)
* "And even some sentences can start with conjunctions." (Starts with
... a conjunction.)
I believe that all of these are correct. | Every word, and how you use it are tools in your toolbox. You can follow proper grammar, or twist it to barely understandable, and these are still just tools.
What happens when you start your sentences with verbs? What is that tool used for?
The verb is the meat of the sentence. It's the most important word in the sentence. In fact if you don't have one, then you have a fragment. Other words in the sentence just describe the verb. Who is doing, the action, how is the action being done. Other even less important words describe the actors who are doing the action. The more flowery the writing, the more words you have besides the verb.
So now let's think about starting with verbs. We are jumping straight to the most important part. We don't have time to waste with other words. This makes the writing feel fast, direct, intense, personal. If those are the things you want, start with a verb. If they are not, then surround the verb with other words to give it the feeling that you need.
As always writing is best when it has ups and down. Sentences should be of varied lengths, and structure. You can't use any one tool for the whole piece of writing. Use many tools to create something interesting and changing, where the grammar itself is part of telling the story. |
6,799 | I realized I start sentences with *the*, *he*, *she*, *it*, *after* and *then* all the time. So I'm starting to use verbs instead. Here is an example of something I wrote:
>
> Erin left out a sigh. "Why am I thinking so much about this?"
>
>
> She decided to forget about the thing, and go lie on bed instead. Talking to herself had really made her tired; a little bit more
> and she would go crazy. She reached to her desk and grabbed her phone.
> Hearing Benjamin's voice would probably snap her back to reality.
>
>
>
I remember having read about this long ago (but I don't remember if the author considered it good or bad writing). | 2012/12/14 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/6799",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/1544/"
] | Sentences should start with anything that makes grammatical and syntactical sense. Writers create, so create your own rules. As long as they make sense, your reader will understand.
Your example is actually a gerund, which does act as a noun, but consider these:
* "To be or not to be?" (Starts with a preposition.)
* "Brilliantly, he began his sentence with a verb." (Starts with an
adverb.)
* "Skilled and astute, he quickly posted his question on Stack
Exchange." (Starts with an adjective.)
* "And even some sentences can start with conjunctions." (Starts with
... a conjunction.)
I believe that all of these are correct. | If you are struggling with variety in your sentence structure, I think you should make it a *writing exercise* to begin sentences with verbs. Then do an exercise where you begin sentences with adjectives. Then do an exercise where you begin sentences with words that rhyme with *blue*. Any and all techniques that force you out of your comfort zone and get you to practice new forms of writing are good. Ultimately, you should seek variety in your writing, but this is not something you just do. As you have found, once you get used to a certain organizational structure, you start thinking that way. Other sentence constructions have to become comfortable to you before you can start implementing them effectively. So, while the simple advice is to just unfetter yourself, the hard truth is that it's going to seem like you're writing gibberish until new writing constructions feel natural. |
6,799 | I realized I start sentences with *the*, *he*, *she*, *it*, *after* and *then* all the time. So I'm starting to use verbs instead. Here is an example of something I wrote:
>
> Erin left out a sigh. "Why am I thinking so much about this?"
>
>
> She decided to forget about the thing, and go lie on bed instead. Talking to herself had really made her tired; a little bit more
> and she would go crazy. She reached to her desk and grabbed her phone.
> Hearing Benjamin's voice would probably snap her back to reality.
>
>
>
I remember having read about this long ago (but I don't remember if the author considered it good or bad writing). | 2012/12/14 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/6799",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/1544/"
] | If you are struggling with variety in your sentence structure, I think you should make it a *writing exercise* to begin sentences with verbs. Then do an exercise where you begin sentences with adjectives. Then do an exercise where you begin sentences with words that rhyme with *blue*. Any and all techniques that force you out of your comfort zone and get you to practice new forms of writing are good. Ultimately, you should seek variety in your writing, but this is not something you just do. As you have found, once you get used to a certain organizational structure, you start thinking that way. Other sentence constructions have to become comfortable to you before you can start implementing them effectively. So, while the simple advice is to just unfetter yourself, the hard truth is that it's going to seem like you're writing gibberish until new writing constructions feel natural. | I have pondered on this question for some time. My conclusion is this: providing the sentence makes sense to the writer and the reader, using the verb or the subject to open a sentence is fine. I don't agree with those who say that the subject should always come first. Writers are creative people. Rules are there for a reason, of course. It's redundant prepositions that writers need to be more aware of, in my opinion. |
6,799 | I realized I start sentences with *the*, *he*, *she*, *it*, *after* and *then* all the time. So I'm starting to use verbs instead. Here is an example of something I wrote:
>
> Erin left out a sigh. "Why am I thinking so much about this?"
>
>
> She decided to forget about the thing, and go lie on bed instead. Talking to herself had really made her tired; a little bit more
> and she would go crazy. She reached to her desk and grabbed her phone.
> Hearing Benjamin's voice would probably snap her back to reality.
>
>
>
I remember having read about this long ago (but I don't remember if the author considered it good or bad writing). | 2012/12/14 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/6799",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/1544/"
] | Begin a sentence with a verb sometimes. See, I just did. Twice.
As others have noted, you're apparently confusing gerunds with verbs in your example. But that said, gerunds are perfectly good words and can be used to vary your sentence structure.
I don't know where you were told that a sentence can never begin with a verb. Imperative sentences (i.e. commands) routinely start with verbs: "Go to the store." "Bring me the book." Etc. It's relatively rare otherwise in English, as the conventional structure is subject-verb-object, but it's not unheard of. "Thinking quickly, Bob leaped for the door." "'Leaving so soon?' Sally asked." Sometimes it's effective to use a non-standard word order for emphasis or to save an unexpected word for last. "Left in the middle of the night, he did." "Kill me they might, but they will never defeat me."
If you find that you are in a rut and all your sentences follow the same pattern, then, as Tylerharms says, I would definitely make an effort to consciously break the pattern. (Now that you mention this, I have to look at my own writing and see if I've fallen into this!) Of course one should avoid the opposite extreme, of trying so hard to vary your sentence constructions that you over-use odd phrasings. | Every word, and how you use it are tools in your toolbox. You can follow proper grammar, or twist it to barely understandable, and these are still just tools.
What happens when you start your sentences with verbs? What is that tool used for?
The verb is the meat of the sentence. It's the most important word in the sentence. In fact if you don't have one, then you have a fragment. Other words in the sentence just describe the verb. Who is doing, the action, how is the action being done. Other even less important words describe the actors who are doing the action. The more flowery the writing, the more words you have besides the verb.
So now let's think about starting with verbs. We are jumping straight to the most important part. We don't have time to waste with other words. This makes the writing feel fast, direct, intense, personal. If those are the things you want, start with a verb. If they are not, then surround the verb with other words to give it the feeling that you need.
As always writing is best when it has ups and down. Sentences should be of varied lengths, and structure. You can't use any one tool for the whole piece of writing. Use many tools to create something interesting and changing, where the grammar itself is part of telling the story. |
6,799 | I realized I start sentences with *the*, *he*, *she*, *it*, *after* and *then* all the time. So I'm starting to use verbs instead. Here is an example of something I wrote:
>
> Erin left out a sigh. "Why am I thinking so much about this?"
>
>
> She decided to forget about the thing, and go lie on bed instead. Talking to herself had really made her tired; a little bit more
> and she would go crazy. She reached to her desk and grabbed her phone.
> Hearing Benjamin's voice would probably snap her back to reality.
>
>
>
I remember having read about this long ago (but I don't remember if the author considered it good or bad writing). | 2012/12/14 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/6799",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/1544/"
] | If you are struggling with variety in your sentence structure, I think you should make it a *writing exercise* to begin sentences with verbs. Then do an exercise where you begin sentences with adjectives. Then do an exercise where you begin sentences with words that rhyme with *blue*. Any and all techniques that force you out of your comfort zone and get you to practice new forms of writing are good. Ultimately, you should seek variety in your writing, but this is not something you just do. As you have found, once you get used to a certain organizational structure, you start thinking that way. Other sentence constructions have to become comfortable to you before you can start implementing them effectively. So, while the simple advice is to just unfetter yourself, the hard truth is that it's going to seem like you're writing gibberish until new writing constructions feel natural. | Every word, and how you use it are tools in your toolbox. You can follow proper grammar, or twist it to barely understandable, and these are still just tools.
What happens when you start your sentences with verbs? What is that tool used for?
The verb is the meat of the sentence. It's the most important word in the sentence. In fact if you don't have one, then you have a fragment. Other words in the sentence just describe the verb. Who is doing, the action, how is the action being done. Other even less important words describe the actors who are doing the action. The more flowery the writing, the more words you have besides the verb.
So now let's think about starting with verbs. We are jumping straight to the most important part. We don't have time to waste with other words. This makes the writing feel fast, direct, intense, personal. If those are the things you want, start with a verb. If they are not, then surround the verb with other words to give it the feeling that you need.
As always writing is best when it has ups and down. Sentences should be of varied lengths, and structure. You can't use any one tool for the whole piece of writing. Use many tools to create something interesting and changing, where the grammar itself is part of telling the story. |
6,799 | I realized I start sentences with *the*, *he*, *she*, *it*, *after* and *then* all the time. So I'm starting to use verbs instead. Here is an example of something I wrote:
>
> Erin left out a sigh. "Why am I thinking so much about this?"
>
>
> She decided to forget about the thing, and go lie on bed instead. Talking to herself had really made her tired; a little bit more
> and she would go crazy. She reached to her desk and grabbed her phone.
> Hearing Benjamin's voice would probably snap her back to reality.
>
>
>
I remember having read about this long ago (but I don't remember if the author considered it good or bad writing). | 2012/12/14 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/6799",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/1544/"
] | Begin a sentence with a verb sometimes. See, I just did. Twice.
As others have noted, you're apparently confusing gerunds with verbs in your example. But that said, gerunds are perfectly good words and can be used to vary your sentence structure.
I don't know where you were told that a sentence can never begin with a verb. Imperative sentences (i.e. commands) routinely start with verbs: "Go to the store." "Bring me the book." Etc. It's relatively rare otherwise in English, as the conventional structure is subject-verb-object, but it's not unheard of. "Thinking quickly, Bob leaped for the door." "'Leaving so soon?' Sally asked." Sometimes it's effective to use a non-standard word order for emphasis or to save an unexpected word for last. "Left in the middle of the night, he did." "Kill me they might, but they will never defeat me."
If you find that you are in a rut and all your sentences follow the same pattern, then, as Tylerharms says, I would definitely make an effort to consciously break the pattern. (Now that you mention this, I have to look at my own writing and see if I've fallen into this!) Of course one should avoid the opposite extreme, of trying so hard to vary your sentence constructions that you over-use odd phrasings. | I have pondered on this question for some time. My conclusion is this: providing the sentence makes sense to the writer and the reader, using the verb or the subject to open a sentence is fine. I don't agree with those who say that the subject should always come first. Writers are creative people. Rules are there for a reason, of course. It's redundant prepositions that writers need to be more aware of, in my opinion. |
6,799 | I realized I start sentences with *the*, *he*, *she*, *it*, *after* and *then* all the time. So I'm starting to use verbs instead. Here is an example of something I wrote:
>
> Erin left out a sigh. "Why am I thinking so much about this?"
>
>
> She decided to forget about the thing, and go lie on bed instead. Talking to herself had really made her tired; a little bit more
> and she would go crazy. She reached to her desk and grabbed her phone.
> Hearing Benjamin's voice would probably snap her back to reality.
>
>
>
I remember having read about this long ago (but I don't remember if the author considered it good or bad writing). | 2012/12/14 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/6799",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/1544/"
] | Sentences should start with anything that makes grammatical and syntactical sense. Writers create, so create your own rules. As long as they make sense, your reader will understand.
Your example is actually a gerund, which does act as a noun, but consider these:
* "To be or not to be?" (Starts with a preposition.)
* "Brilliantly, he began his sentence with a verb." (Starts with an
adverb.)
* "Skilled and astute, he quickly posted his question on Stack
Exchange." (Starts with an adjective.)
* "And even some sentences can start with conjunctions." (Starts with
... a conjunction.)
I believe that all of these are correct. | Begin a sentence with a verb sometimes. See, I just did. Twice.
As others have noted, you're apparently confusing gerunds with verbs in your example. But that said, gerunds are perfectly good words and can be used to vary your sentence structure.
I don't know where you were told that a sentence can never begin with a verb. Imperative sentences (i.e. commands) routinely start with verbs: "Go to the store." "Bring me the book." Etc. It's relatively rare otherwise in English, as the conventional structure is subject-verb-object, but it's not unheard of. "Thinking quickly, Bob leaped for the door." "'Leaving so soon?' Sally asked." Sometimes it's effective to use a non-standard word order for emphasis or to save an unexpected word for last. "Left in the middle of the night, he did." "Kill me they might, but they will never defeat me."
If you find that you are in a rut and all your sentences follow the same pattern, then, as Tylerharms says, I would definitely make an effort to consciously break the pattern. (Now that you mention this, I have to look at my own writing and see if I've fallen into this!) Of course one should avoid the opposite extreme, of trying so hard to vary your sentence constructions that you over-use odd phrasings. |
6,799 | I realized I start sentences with *the*, *he*, *she*, *it*, *after* and *then* all the time. So I'm starting to use verbs instead. Here is an example of something I wrote:
>
> Erin left out a sigh. "Why am I thinking so much about this?"
>
>
> She decided to forget about the thing, and go lie on bed instead. Talking to herself had really made her tired; a little bit more
> and she would go crazy. She reached to her desk and grabbed her phone.
> Hearing Benjamin's voice would probably snap her back to reality.
>
>
>
I remember having read about this long ago (but I don't remember if the author considered it good or bad writing). | 2012/12/14 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/6799",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/1544/"
] | Sentences should start with anything that makes grammatical and syntactical sense. Writers create, so create your own rules. As long as they make sense, your reader will understand.
Your example is actually a gerund, which does act as a noun, but consider these:
* "To be or not to be?" (Starts with a preposition.)
* "Brilliantly, he began his sentence with a verb." (Starts with an
adverb.)
* "Skilled and astute, he quickly posted his question on Stack
Exchange." (Starts with an adjective.)
* "And even some sentences can start with conjunctions." (Starts with
... a conjunction.)
I believe that all of these are correct. | None of your sentences start with verbs, though two of them start with *gerunds*, which is not quite the same thing. In any case, I think that you are fretting about nothing. If your sentences sound fine to you as an English speaker and they avoid the monotony that you were noticing before, then by all means write them however you want. I can't think of many things less useful for a writer than worrying about imaginary rules like "don't start with a verb". |
6,799 | I realized I start sentences with *the*, *he*, *she*, *it*, *after* and *then* all the time. So I'm starting to use verbs instead. Here is an example of something I wrote:
>
> Erin left out a sigh. "Why am I thinking so much about this?"
>
>
> She decided to forget about the thing, and go lie on bed instead. Talking to herself had really made her tired; a little bit more
> and she would go crazy. She reached to her desk and grabbed her phone.
> Hearing Benjamin's voice would probably snap her back to reality.
>
>
>
I remember having read about this long ago (but I don't remember if the author considered it good or bad writing). | 2012/12/14 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/6799",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/1544/"
] | Every word, and how you use it are tools in your toolbox. You can follow proper grammar, or twist it to barely understandable, and these are still just tools.
What happens when you start your sentences with verbs? What is that tool used for?
The verb is the meat of the sentence. It's the most important word in the sentence. In fact if you don't have one, then you have a fragment. Other words in the sentence just describe the verb. Who is doing, the action, how is the action being done. Other even less important words describe the actors who are doing the action. The more flowery the writing, the more words you have besides the verb.
So now let's think about starting with verbs. We are jumping straight to the most important part. We don't have time to waste with other words. This makes the writing feel fast, direct, intense, personal. If those are the things you want, start with a verb. If they are not, then surround the verb with other words to give it the feeling that you need.
As always writing is best when it has ups and down. Sentences should be of varied lengths, and structure. You can't use any one tool for the whole piece of writing. Use many tools to create something interesting and changing, where the grammar itself is part of telling the story. | I have pondered on this question for some time. My conclusion is this: providing the sentence makes sense to the writer and the reader, using the verb or the subject to open a sentence is fine. I don't agree with those who say that the subject should always come first. Writers are creative people. Rules are there for a reason, of course. It's redundant prepositions that writers need to be more aware of, in my opinion. |
6,799 | I realized I start sentences with *the*, *he*, *she*, *it*, *after* and *then* all the time. So I'm starting to use verbs instead. Here is an example of something I wrote:
>
> Erin left out a sigh. "Why am I thinking so much about this?"
>
>
> She decided to forget about the thing, and go lie on bed instead. Talking to herself had really made her tired; a little bit more
> and she would go crazy. She reached to her desk and grabbed her phone.
> Hearing Benjamin's voice would probably snap her back to reality.
>
>
>
I remember having read about this long ago (but I don't remember if the author considered it good or bad writing). | 2012/12/14 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/6799",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/1544/"
] | None of your sentences start with verbs, though two of them start with *gerunds*, which is not quite the same thing. In any case, I think that you are fretting about nothing. If your sentences sound fine to you as an English speaker and they avoid the monotony that you were noticing before, then by all means write them however you want. I can't think of many things less useful for a writer than worrying about imaginary rules like "don't start with a verb". | I have pondered on this question for some time. My conclusion is this: providing the sentence makes sense to the writer and the reader, using the verb or the subject to open a sentence is fine. I don't agree with those who say that the subject should always come first. Writers are creative people. Rules are there for a reason, of course. It's redundant prepositions that writers need to be more aware of, in my opinion. |
5,535 | I asked this question [Effects of microwaves on optical properties of human eye](https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/98731/effects-of-microwaves) a few days ago. I really asked some offtopic things but now i've edited it appropriately. But it is still closed.
So how should edit this to make it on topic?
---
Addendum: I have edited my question further, is it on topic now? | 2014/02/23 | [
"https://physics.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/5535",
"https://physics.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.meta.stackexchange.com/users/31782/"
] | Questions 1 and 2 are biology, not physics. We can put upper bounds on the physical effects of something, but it is up to biologists to determine if that is harmful to the organism. These questions are also marginally on-topic for [at least one technical site](https://superuser.com/questions/718650/paranoid-parent-wifi-safe-for-baby) and definitely on-topic for [the local site for general skeptical inquiries](https://skeptics.stackexchange.com/questions/1178/are-wifi-waves-harmful).
Questions 3 and 4 can be made on-topic here, but they should be **separate** questions. 3 should be phrased in a way to ask about conceptually how microwaves heat living (i.e. water-rich, organic) material. 4 should ask about whether such frequencies are focused by the eye (note that the vitreous humor is at least as important as the lens proper in humans, the former being essentially water as far as physics is concerned, the latter a crystal in some sense).
Again, it is not for physics to say what the harm is, *unless* you provide the biology necessary for that judgment. For example, if you give a correspondence between electrons ejected from DNA and cancer rate, a physicist can tell you something like "sitting next to a cell tower will cause XXX excess displaced electrons per DNA strand per day due to thermal motions."
I make no guarantees though that these questions have not been asked already. You should check those linked questions in the comments. | My personal pet peeve here is that you *still* have four distinct questions.
**One question per "question", already!**
Nor is "teach me an entire sub-discipline" properly scoped for a Stack Exchange site, and that seems to be the nature of your question. |
39,242,569 | I'm running TensorFlow's RNN (LSTM) language model example [here](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.10/tutorials/recurrent/index.html).
It runs and reports the perplexities perfectly.
What I want though is three things:
1. Given a sequence (e.g. w1 w5 w2000 w750) give me the probability distribution for the next word over the vocabulary. I don't know how to do it with the model in the tutorial.
2. I want the model to return a ranking of the most probable sequences (e.g. n-grams), n can be given as input.
and
3. Given a sequence, I want it's probability.
I'm new to TensorFlow and RNNs so plz tell me if you need more information than I have provided.
The code for the language model is [here](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/tensorflow/models/rnn/ptb/ptb_word_lm.py). | 2016/08/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/39242569",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/956730/"
] | No, `setData()` is to be used to change existing data, or more precisely to manipulate data for an index that exists. You cannot add rows using this method. | setData puts new data into your buffer, insertRows will add new rows into the indexed location of your buffer, increasing the total amount of data you now have. If you are trying to only overwrite data at certain locations I suggest using replace. |
12,856 | Can anybody suggest me the websites or PDFs from where I can get the meaning and etymology of Classical Arabic terms or any online dictionary of Classical Arabic language or any PDF of that dictionary? | 2015/07/20 | [
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/questions/12856",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/users/10139/"
] | There are no etymological dictionaries of Arabic, on line or in print. For a good collection of ordinary dictionaries see here: <http://ejtaal.net/> | try <http://lex.sibawayhi.org>
it's a little rough but it contains the full text of both Lane and Lisaan al-Arab, in parallel.
It's not designed as a dictionary, i.e. something where you just look up a "word". It's a tool for exploring the lexicon. it only understands roots, and will show you all permutations for a root, so you can examine Eg all words that start with "kt" and ponder whether they share a common semantic kernel - a very old theory in Arabic lexicology. you need to read the help screen carefully and experiment. E.g. Lane and the Lisaan pick different roots for some words that have "weak" letters, and I have not yet unified them. |
12,856 | Can anybody suggest me the websites or PDFs from where I can get the meaning and etymology of Classical Arabic terms or any online dictionary of Classical Arabic language or any PDF of that dictionary? | 2015/07/20 | [
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/questions/12856",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/users/10139/"
] | If you want an English-Arabic dictionary for Classical Arabic then I recommend Lane’s lexicon or Hans wehr dictionary.
If you want Classical Arabic dictionaries with only Arabic in it then I have a lot of dictionaries to recommend for you;
1. Lisan al-Arab ( لسان العرب)
2. Taj al-arus (تاج العروس)
3. Tahdhib al-Lugha (تهذيب اللغة)
4. Jamhara al-Lugha ( one of the five OLDEST arabic dictionaries in the world.
5. Kitab al-ayn (كتاب العين, the OLDEST Arabic dictionary, it is writen in the 8th century)
You really don’t have to worry about the content if these olde dictionaries. I also recommend you to visit <http://arabiclexicon.hawramani.com/> and <https://books.rafed.net/m/> and <http://www.baheth.info/>. These are very good websites. | try <http://lex.sibawayhi.org>
it's a little rough but it contains the full text of both Lane and Lisaan al-Arab, in parallel.
It's not designed as a dictionary, i.e. something where you just look up a "word". It's a tool for exploring the lexicon. it only understands roots, and will show you all permutations for a root, so you can examine Eg all words that start with "kt" and ponder whether they share a common semantic kernel - a very old theory in Arabic lexicology. you need to read the help screen carefully and experiment. E.g. Lane and the Lisaan pick different roots for some words that have "weak" letters, and I have not yet unified them. |
10,363,059 | I have problem running samples provided by Nvidia in their GPU Computing SDK (there's a library of compiled sample codes).
For cuda I get message "No CUDA-capable device is detected", for OpenCL there's error from function that should find OpenCL capable units.
I have installed all three parts from Nvidia to develop with OpenCL - devdriver for win7 64bit v.301.27, cuda toolkit 4.2.9 and gpu computing sdk 4.2.9.
I think this might have to do with Optimus technology that reroutes output from Nvidia GPU to Intel to render things (this notebook has also Intel 3000HD accelerator), but in Nvidia control pannel I set to use high performance Nvidia GPU, set power profile to prefer maximum performance and for PhysX I changed from automatic selection to Nvidia processor again. Nothing has changed though, those samples won't run (not even those targeted for GF8000 cards).
I would like to play somewhat with OpenCL and see what it is capable of but without ability to test things it's useless. I have found some info about this on forums, but it was mostly about linux users where you need Bumblebee to access Nvidia GPU. There's no such problem on Windows however, drivers are better and so you can access it without dark magic (or I thought so until I found this problem). | 2012/04/28 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/10363059",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/365619/"
] | My laptop has a GeForce 540M as well, in an Optimus configuration since my Sandy Bridge CPU also has Intel's integrated graphics. To run CUDA codes, I have to:
1. Install NVIDIA Driver
2. Go to NVIDIA Control Panel
3. Click 3D Settings -> Manage 3D Settings -> Global Settings
4. In the Preferred Graphics processor drop down, select "High-performance NVIDIA processor"
5. Apply the settings
Note that the instructions above apply the settings for all applications, so you don't have to worry about CUDA errors any more. But it will drain more battery.
Here is a [video recap](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GRi9U3x1cgE) as well. Good luck! | That's most likely because of the architecture of Optimus. So I'd suggest you to read [NVIDIA CUDA Developer Guide for NVIDIA Optimus Platforms](http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/docs/CUDA_Developer_Guide_for_Optimus_Platforms.pdf), especially the section "Querying for a CUDA Device" which addresses this issue, I believe. |
10,363,059 | I have problem running samples provided by Nvidia in their GPU Computing SDK (there's a library of compiled sample codes).
For cuda I get message "No CUDA-capable device is detected", for OpenCL there's error from function that should find OpenCL capable units.
I have installed all three parts from Nvidia to develop with OpenCL - devdriver for win7 64bit v.301.27, cuda toolkit 4.2.9 and gpu computing sdk 4.2.9.
I think this might have to do with Optimus technology that reroutes output from Nvidia GPU to Intel to render things (this notebook has also Intel 3000HD accelerator), but in Nvidia control pannel I set to use high performance Nvidia GPU, set power profile to prefer maximum performance and for PhysX I changed from automatic selection to Nvidia processor again. Nothing has changed though, those samples won't run (not even those targeted for GF8000 cards).
I would like to play somewhat with OpenCL and see what it is capable of but without ability to test things it's useless. I have found some info about this on forums, but it was mostly about linux users where you need Bumblebee to access Nvidia GPU. There's no such problem on Windows however, drivers are better and so you can access it without dark magic (or I thought so until I found this problem). | 2012/04/28 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/10363059",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/365619/"
] | Ok this has proven to be totally crazy solution. I was thinking if something isn't hooking between the hardware and application and only thing that came to my mind was AV software. I'm using Comodo with sandbox and Defense+ on and after turning them off I could run all those samples. What's more, only Defense+ needs to be turned off.
Now I just think about how much apps could have been blocked from accessing that GPU.. | That's most likely because of the architecture of Optimus. So I'd suggest you to read [NVIDIA CUDA Developer Guide for NVIDIA Optimus Platforms](http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/docs/CUDA_Developer_Guide_for_Optimus_Platforms.pdf), especially the section "Querying for a CUDA Device" which addresses this issue, I believe. |
10,363,059 | I have problem running samples provided by Nvidia in their GPU Computing SDK (there's a library of compiled sample codes).
For cuda I get message "No CUDA-capable device is detected", for OpenCL there's error from function that should find OpenCL capable units.
I have installed all three parts from Nvidia to develop with OpenCL - devdriver for win7 64bit v.301.27, cuda toolkit 4.2.9 and gpu computing sdk 4.2.9.
I think this might have to do with Optimus technology that reroutes output from Nvidia GPU to Intel to render things (this notebook has also Intel 3000HD accelerator), but in Nvidia control pannel I set to use high performance Nvidia GPU, set power profile to prefer maximum performance and for PhysX I changed from automatic selection to Nvidia processor again. Nothing has changed though, those samples won't run (not even those targeted for GF8000 cards).
I would like to play somewhat with OpenCL and see what it is capable of but without ability to test things it's useless. I have found some info about this on forums, but it was mostly about linux users where you need Bumblebee to access Nvidia GPU. There's no such problem on Windows however, drivers are better and so you can access it without dark magic (or I thought so until I found this problem). | 2012/04/28 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/10363059",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/365619/"
] | Ok this has proven to be totally crazy solution. I was thinking if something isn't hooking between the hardware and application and only thing that came to my mind was AV software. I'm using Comodo with sandbox and Defense+ on and after turning them off I could run all those samples. What's more, only Defense+ needs to be turned off.
Now I just think about how much apps could have been blocked from accessing that GPU.. | My laptop has a GeForce 540M as well, in an Optimus configuration since my Sandy Bridge CPU also has Intel's integrated graphics. To run CUDA codes, I have to:
1. Install NVIDIA Driver
2. Go to NVIDIA Control Panel
3. Click 3D Settings -> Manage 3D Settings -> Global Settings
4. In the Preferred Graphics processor drop down, select "High-performance NVIDIA processor"
5. Apply the settings
Note that the instructions above apply the settings for all applications, so you don't have to worry about CUDA errors any more. But it will drain more battery.
Here is a [video recap](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GRi9U3x1cgE) as well. Good luck! |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.