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1,219 | I am here from last 3 years and getting great help from this community. But I have not much impact on this community. Always my questions are either down-voted or put on hold or deleted. Some due to valid reasons but not all.
Now this question: [Import media image from XML file](https://magento.stackexchange.com/questions/182866/import-media-image-from-xml-file) has been put on hold as off-topic but I don't think it is off topic. [There are other questions related to this](https://magento.stackexchange.com/search?q=h%26o+import) and has been well treated. And what I got from [help center](https://magento.stackexchange.com/help/on-topic) is:
>
> Magento Stack Exchange is for users of and developers working with the Magento e-Commerce platform. Questions which involve custom code or extensions should include relevant code and, where applicable, an indication that the custom coder or extension vendor has been contacted for support.
>
>
>
I think, this particular question should not be closed. Please give your views. | 2017/07/12 | [
"https://magento.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/1219",
"https://magento.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://magento.meta.stackexchange.com/users/12233/"
] | I've flagged this as Off-Topic too, but it seems to be wrong here:
>
> Questions about third-party modules are generally off-topic **because the scope of functionality and code are not available**
>
>
>
Code is available at GitHub, so everybody can investigate it ... voted to reopen. | I am the first voter to close this question,
First you look at the rule for third party question
["3rd Party" close reason text misleading?](https://magento.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/986/3rd-party-close-reason-text-misleading)
we give some time to third party question if any one willing to answer,
for this question till one day no one is willing to answer, I voted to close this question,
because we have to maintain our site answer ratio for healthy site, if no one willing to answer third party question we will close those question.
even we celebrate day called magestackday where we find third party questions ,
and if there were no answer then we close those questions and make site clean.
so for my opinion don't take it personally, and feel free to ask any question. |
20 | I'm making a robot for the Sparkfun AVC. I was curious if I could use only the knowledge about
1. How the car is being steered at every time interval,
2. How many times the wheels have rotated,
to get a general sense of where the car is. I would use computer vision to avoid immediate dangers.
The biggest problem is any slipping causing false counts. | 2015/01/20 | [
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/questions/20",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/users/74/"
] | The main problem which I can see in your idea, that your system will have a cumulative error. Only calculating this won't be enough, you will have to find alternate solutions, too.
In similar (but maybe bigger) scenarios, for example for drones, there is a similar problem.
The solution is using the wheel rotation counters to get a fast, real-time, but buggy input data (which contains the cumulative error as well). In case of flying drones, this data is coming from gyros and accelerometers, your task is much simpler compared to their.
*But*, you should get an alternate information source, too! (In case of the drones it is normally the GPS). This can be GPS, or some other thing - there is a wide spectrum of possibilities. Visual image processing? Pre-calibrated ultrasound markers? Marker paintings on the floor?
If I suspect correctly the size of your experiment, maybe the last would be most promising to you. | Knowing the diameter of the wheels and the number of times the wheels turn over in a time interval will give both distance travelled and average speed for that time interval.
You would have to have a continual monitoring system which would record time, wheel revolutions and the angle of the wheels used for steering, most likely relative to the central longitudinal axis of the vehicle. You will need to vectorize the steering data and add the vectors to give the position relative to the vehicle's starting location. |
20 | I'm making a robot for the Sparkfun AVC. I was curious if I could use only the knowledge about
1. How the car is being steered at every time interval,
2. How many times the wheels have rotated,
to get a general sense of where the car is. I would use computer vision to avoid immediate dangers.
The biggest problem is any slipping causing false counts. | 2015/01/20 | [
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/questions/20",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/users/74/"
] | Taking this in stages, initially lets consider only a single front wheel, with no slip in any direction, where we have an accurate continuous measure of both rotational position and absolute angle. In this case calculating current position (relative to our starting point) is a relatively straightforward trigonometry and calculus problem.
Unfortunately we don't know our absolute front wheel angle (unless we are free to equip it with a magnetometer or similar), instead we know our front wheel angle relative to the body of our vehicle. We can effectively define this as a bicycle type configuration, with a pivoting front wheel and a fixed rear wheel. The absolute angle of the front wheel can now be calculated from the absolute angle of the body (equal to the angle of the rear wheel) plus the relative angle of the front wheel to the body. An additional calculation is therefore required to determine the absolute angle of the rear wheel, based on our measurements from the front wheel. This will depend upon the distance between the front and rear wheels (consider the difference in turning circles between a single bike and a tandem to picture this). Again this is a trigonometry and calculus problem, this time in the reference frame of the vehicle.
Extending this to a four wheeled vehicle causes complications, as some of the wheels now have to slip. My mental image for this is two bicycles side-by-side, with bars connecting the frames together, and some mechanism ensuring that their steering is synchronised. If the bars connecting them are short then there is very little slip required. If they are very long (making the bikes far apart) then one or both of the front tyres will need to slip sideways to make tight turns. The distances travelled will also differ between the wheels.
Further physical analysis from this point is likely to get very involved, and will depend upon frictions and masses on each wheel. A practical approach might be to take measurements from the rotation of the two front wheels separately and then average at some point in the equations discussed above.
Further complications arise when rotational slip in any of the wheels on the ground is considered, or if any of our measures are subject to error. To incorporate these would require a very detailed model of your vehicle and a better approach would probably be to fuse an estimate from our simplified analysis above with information from other sensors using a Kalman filter or similar. In this case it may be worth considering what states are estimated in your filter, as including absolute orientation as an explicit state and using it within your calculations may give you a better overall estimate of position. A clever filter might also include an estimate of slip as part of its measurement uncertainty. | Knowing the diameter of the wheels and the number of times the wheels turn over in a time interval will give both distance travelled and average speed for that time interval.
You would have to have a continual monitoring system which would record time, wheel revolutions and the angle of the wheels used for steering, most likely relative to the central longitudinal axis of the vehicle. You will need to vectorize the steering data and add the vectors to give the position relative to the vehicle's starting location. |
20 | I'm making a robot for the Sparkfun AVC. I was curious if I could use only the knowledge about
1. How the car is being steered at every time interval,
2. How many times the wheels have rotated,
to get a general sense of where the car is. I would use computer vision to avoid immediate dangers.
The biggest problem is any slipping causing false counts. | 2015/01/20 | [
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/questions/20",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/users/74/"
] | Taking this in stages, initially lets consider only a single front wheel, with no slip in any direction, where we have an accurate continuous measure of both rotational position and absolute angle. In this case calculating current position (relative to our starting point) is a relatively straightforward trigonometry and calculus problem.
Unfortunately we don't know our absolute front wheel angle (unless we are free to equip it with a magnetometer or similar), instead we know our front wheel angle relative to the body of our vehicle. We can effectively define this as a bicycle type configuration, with a pivoting front wheel and a fixed rear wheel. The absolute angle of the front wheel can now be calculated from the absolute angle of the body (equal to the angle of the rear wheel) plus the relative angle of the front wheel to the body. An additional calculation is therefore required to determine the absolute angle of the rear wheel, based on our measurements from the front wheel. This will depend upon the distance between the front and rear wheels (consider the difference in turning circles between a single bike and a tandem to picture this). Again this is a trigonometry and calculus problem, this time in the reference frame of the vehicle.
Extending this to a four wheeled vehicle causes complications, as some of the wheels now have to slip. My mental image for this is two bicycles side-by-side, with bars connecting the frames together, and some mechanism ensuring that their steering is synchronised. If the bars connecting them are short then there is very little slip required. If they are very long (making the bikes far apart) then one or both of the front tyres will need to slip sideways to make tight turns. The distances travelled will also differ between the wheels.
Further physical analysis from this point is likely to get very involved, and will depend upon frictions and masses on each wheel. A practical approach might be to take measurements from the rotation of the two front wheels separately and then average at some point in the equations discussed above.
Further complications arise when rotational slip in any of the wheels on the ground is considered, or if any of our measures are subject to error. To incorporate these would require a very detailed model of your vehicle and a better approach would probably be to fuse an estimate from our simplified analysis above with information from other sensors using a Kalman filter or similar. In this case it may be worth considering what states are estimated in your filter, as including absolute orientation as an explicit state and using it within your calculations may give you a better overall estimate of position. A clever filter might also include an estimate of slip as part of its measurement uncertainty. | The main problem which I can see in your idea, that your system will have a cumulative error. Only calculating this won't be enough, you will have to find alternate solutions, too.
In similar (but maybe bigger) scenarios, for example for drones, there is a similar problem.
The solution is using the wheel rotation counters to get a fast, real-time, but buggy input data (which contains the cumulative error as well). In case of flying drones, this data is coming from gyros and accelerometers, your task is much simpler compared to their.
*But*, you should get an alternate information source, too! (In case of the drones it is normally the GPS). This can be GPS, or some other thing - there is a wide spectrum of possibilities. Visual image processing? Pre-calibrated ultrasound markers? Marker paintings on the floor?
If I suspect correctly the size of your experiment, maybe the last would be most promising to you. |
20 | I'm making a robot for the Sparkfun AVC. I was curious if I could use only the knowledge about
1. How the car is being steered at every time interval,
2. How many times the wheels have rotated,
to get a general sense of where the car is. I would use computer vision to avoid immediate dangers.
The biggest problem is any slipping causing false counts. | 2015/01/20 | [
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/questions/20",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/users/74/"
] | The main problem which I can see in your idea, that your system will have a cumulative error. Only calculating this won't be enough, you will have to find alternate solutions, too.
In similar (but maybe bigger) scenarios, for example for drones, there is a similar problem.
The solution is using the wheel rotation counters to get a fast, real-time, but buggy input data (which contains the cumulative error as well). In case of flying drones, this data is coming from gyros and accelerometers, your task is much simpler compared to their.
*But*, you should get an alternate information source, too! (In case of the drones it is normally the GPS). This can be GPS, or some other thing - there is a wide spectrum of possibilities. Visual image processing? Pre-calibrated ultrasound markers? Marker paintings on the floor?
If I suspect correctly the size of your experiment, maybe the last would be most promising to you. | The correct way to do this is by using what is known as a [particle filter](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_filter).
The maths for estimating your next position is quite simple and other answers have already provided that, but this is how you deal with the uncertainty. [This video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aUkBa1zMKv4) explains the basic principle rather well. You will notice that you need to take a measurement of some aspects relating to where you are, for example distance to known objects, compass reading, position of visible markings, etc. (Use your computer vision for that, plus anything else you can such as sonic range finders). It doesn't have to be perfect, the particle filter deals really well with 'noisy' measurements and 'noisy' (error-prone) predictions of where you are.
Also do a search for "slam particle filter" to get some further insight. |
20 | I'm making a robot for the Sparkfun AVC. I was curious if I could use only the knowledge about
1. How the car is being steered at every time interval,
2. How many times the wheels have rotated,
to get a general sense of where the car is. I would use computer vision to avoid immediate dangers.
The biggest problem is any slipping causing false counts. | 2015/01/20 | [
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/questions/20",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/users/74/"
] | Taking this in stages, initially lets consider only a single front wheel, with no slip in any direction, where we have an accurate continuous measure of both rotational position and absolute angle. In this case calculating current position (relative to our starting point) is a relatively straightforward trigonometry and calculus problem.
Unfortunately we don't know our absolute front wheel angle (unless we are free to equip it with a magnetometer or similar), instead we know our front wheel angle relative to the body of our vehicle. We can effectively define this as a bicycle type configuration, with a pivoting front wheel and a fixed rear wheel. The absolute angle of the front wheel can now be calculated from the absolute angle of the body (equal to the angle of the rear wheel) plus the relative angle of the front wheel to the body. An additional calculation is therefore required to determine the absolute angle of the rear wheel, based on our measurements from the front wheel. This will depend upon the distance between the front and rear wheels (consider the difference in turning circles between a single bike and a tandem to picture this). Again this is a trigonometry and calculus problem, this time in the reference frame of the vehicle.
Extending this to a four wheeled vehicle causes complications, as some of the wheels now have to slip. My mental image for this is two bicycles side-by-side, with bars connecting the frames together, and some mechanism ensuring that their steering is synchronised. If the bars connecting them are short then there is very little slip required. If they are very long (making the bikes far apart) then one or both of the front tyres will need to slip sideways to make tight turns. The distances travelled will also differ between the wheels.
Further physical analysis from this point is likely to get very involved, and will depend upon frictions and masses on each wheel. A practical approach might be to take measurements from the rotation of the two front wheels separately and then average at some point in the equations discussed above.
Further complications arise when rotational slip in any of the wheels on the ground is considered, or if any of our measures are subject to error. To incorporate these would require a very detailed model of your vehicle and a better approach would probably be to fuse an estimate from our simplified analysis above with information from other sensors using a Kalman filter or similar. In this case it may be worth considering what states are estimated in your filter, as including absolute orientation as an explicit state and using it within your calculations may give you a better overall estimate of position. A clever filter might also include an estimate of slip as part of its measurement uncertainty. | The correct way to do this is by using what is known as a [particle filter](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_filter).
The maths for estimating your next position is quite simple and other answers have already provided that, but this is how you deal with the uncertainty. [This video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aUkBa1zMKv4) explains the basic principle rather well. You will notice that you need to take a measurement of some aspects relating to where you are, for example distance to known objects, compass reading, position of visible markings, etc. (Use your computer vision for that, plus anything else you can such as sonic range finders). It doesn't have to be perfect, the particle filter deals really well with 'noisy' measurements and 'noisy' (error-prone) predictions of where you are.
Also do a search for "slam particle filter" to get some further insight. |
58,683,091 | I am having an issue that I am trying to solve.
I have a java project and I use intelij IDE.
I want to move it to another computer.
I used to work with eclipse and this task was very easy, export as zip and import and open zip.
However in intelij there is no way to do it, it is not support zip.
I searched all the web, and nothing, all the solutions are with git.
all the information on youtube and so are just to import project to intelij, or to export as jar and run the project.
what is the easiest way without using the internet to export project from one intelij using disk on key, and open it and start working on another computer with intelij.
Can anyone provide step by step solution for this question.
I am using 2019 IDE community version
regards | 2019/11/03 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/58683091",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/8493186/"
] | Well the answer is "it depends." For many maven projects, the IDE files are not checked in. When you get a new machine, clone the repo and import the project. Yes, you start from scratch, but it is easy. From the IDE, you may have to manually select Java, and setup Maven. Again this depends. Some projects use bundled Java and Maven, and other groups manually install specific versions. So as I said, it depends upon the project.
With Intellij, projects can generally be copied from one directory to another. This means that the paths in the IntelliJ iml files use relative paths.
So this is really a build question. Personally, I want to be able to build from source control. I will check in Intellij runtime configurations, but have git ignore other IDE files.
Perhaps you could clarify what issues you have building from freshly cloned repo. | When you create projects you specify the location where they will reside. By default IntelliJ IDEA suggests a directory under C:\Users\\IdeaProjects.
You can copy the project folder (as to *export* it).
To open a project, you can right click on a project folder and open it as a Java project on IntelliJ IDEA (or) On the IntelliJ IDEA, import the project folder. |
42,603 | I'm trying to remember the name of a board game based on the phone game 'snake' This hasn't been easy to google as 'board game' and 'snake' return Snakes And Ladders.
I recall playing the game approximately 8 -10 years ago so would be at least as old as that.
Each player had a snake made up of wooden pieces. Players gave snakes movement orders with cards to go forward, left or right. I *think* you laid them face down in front of you for next three turns so all players would execute there first move and then lay a card for move in three turns time.
The objective I think was to collect 'apple tokens' which appeared on the board. As you did this your snake grew by adding a wooden piece to the end of it. I think each snake had a head piece which you moved and then just picked up the last part of the snake and moved to to the front to connect the head.
In terms of design I recall the board being a grid shape and decorated in forest/grassland green colours.
Hopefully this rings a bell with someone. | 2018/06/21 | [
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/questions/42603",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/users/13753/"
] | <https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/21729/snake-lake>
>
> The game is about a group of snakes wandering in the woods trying to eat the apples that fall down from the trees (and avoiding eating the poisonous mushrooms).
>
>
>
Search terms:
>
> snake board game apples -ladders
>
>
>
(The minus sign tells Google to return results without that term) | This might be [Atari's Centipede Board Game](https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/223763/ataris-centipede) in which one player plays the centipede trying to invade a garden, and the other plays the gnome trying to defend by killing the centipede. There appear to be both dice and cards involved, and the images of the board match the forest/grassland color scheme. |
301,618 | I've got to write few words about C#, generally piece of cake? No!
I've searched through various internet resources and books and what i got is kind of headache. For example **Garbage Collector** some sources says that this is C# feature, other that CLR got this feature and C# along with all other .NET languages got it by default. Ofcourse, my vote on CLR but there are lot other things that bring confusion, like **avoiding explicit code conversions**. Maybe i've got bad books and resources... so maybe someone would suggest some place where in clear way is said about C#
Second thing are origins of C# syntax, again few choices and nothing clear, other language combo by each other author. C, c++, Java, that's ok but VB6 and Delphi, i have doubts. And again features origin from these languages is mixed up with c# but in fact it is not clear if it is C# or CLR feature
MTH | 2008/11/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/301618",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/24824/"
] | GC is provided by the CLR
C# is everything that the language spec states, and no more.
Some of the more-interesting things that are actually C# features:
* iterator blocks [yield return]
* anonymous methods / closures / lambdas [the syntax, not to be confused with expression trees]
But anything that relates to the code you type, but which isn't directly provided by either the CLR or the framework is a language feature. Other languages may implement them too, of course...
* using [try/finally/Dispose]
* lock [Monitor.Enter/try/finally/Monitor.Exit]
* foreach [GetEnumerator()/while/[Dispose]]
* extension method resolution
* query syntax ["where pred" to .Where(x=>pred) etc]
(these are just a few examples of course; and again - other languages are at liberty to also provide these features!) | The CLR is a development platform, a runtime environment, supporting managed code written in one of the .NET languages, of which C# is one. Garbage collection is a CLR feature. As are Code Access Security and Just In Time compilation of your managed code. |
301,618 | I've got to write few words about C#, generally piece of cake? No!
I've searched through various internet resources and books and what i got is kind of headache. For example **Garbage Collector** some sources says that this is C# feature, other that CLR got this feature and C# along with all other .NET languages got it by default. Ofcourse, my vote on CLR but there are lot other things that bring confusion, like **avoiding explicit code conversions**. Maybe i've got bad books and resources... so maybe someone would suggest some place where in clear way is said about C#
Second thing are origins of C# syntax, again few choices and nothing clear, other language combo by each other author. C, c++, Java, that's ok but VB6 and Delphi, i have doubts. And again features origin from these languages is mixed up with c# but in fact it is not clear if it is C# or CLR feature
MTH | 2008/11/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/301618",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/24824/"
] | The GC itself is a CLR feature, but the C# language assumes that it's running on a platform with garbage collection - without defining the exact semantics.
It's a tough thing to pin down precisely, but a rough rule of thumb is "if it's well defined in the language specification, it's a C# feature."
If you could give some more examples of *features* to categorise ("avoiding explicit code conversions" isn't a language feature, unless you want to give some more detail) it would help. | The CLR is a development platform, a runtime environment, supporting managed code written in one of the .NET languages, of which C# is one. Garbage collection is a CLR feature. As are Code Access Security and Just In Time compilation of your managed code. |
301,618 | I've got to write few words about C#, generally piece of cake? No!
I've searched through various internet resources and books and what i got is kind of headache. For example **Garbage Collector** some sources says that this is C# feature, other that CLR got this feature and C# along with all other .NET languages got it by default. Ofcourse, my vote on CLR but there are lot other things that bring confusion, like **avoiding explicit code conversions**. Maybe i've got bad books and resources... so maybe someone would suggest some place where in clear way is said about C#
Second thing are origins of C# syntax, again few choices and nothing clear, other language combo by each other author. C, c++, Java, that's ok but VB6 and Delphi, i have doubts. And again features origin from these languages is mixed up with c# but in fact it is not clear if it is C# or CLR feature
MTH | 2008/11/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/301618",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/24824/"
] | GC is provided by the CLR
C# is everything that the language spec states, and no more.
Some of the more-interesting things that are actually C# features:
* iterator blocks [yield return]
* anonymous methods / closures / lambdas [the syntax, not to be confused with expression trees]
But anything that relates to the code you type, but which isn't directly provided by either the CLR or the framework is a language feature. Other languages may implement them too, of course...
* using [try/finally/Dispose]
* lock [Monitor.Enter/try/finally/Monitor.Exit]
* foreach [GetEnumerator()/while/[Dispose]]
* extension method resolution
* query syntax ["where pred" to .Where(x=>pred) etc]
(these are just a few examples of course; and again - other languages are at liberty to also provide these features!) | The GC itself is a CLR feature, but the C# language assumes that it's running on a platform with garbage collection - without defining the exact semantics.
It's a tough thing to pin down precisely, but a rough rule of thumb is "if it's well defined in the language specification, it's a C# feature."
If you could give some more examples of *features* to categorise ("avoiding explicit code conversions" isn't a language feature, unless you want to give some more detail) it would help. |
301,618 | I've got to write few words about C#, generally piece of cake? No!
I've searched through various internet resources and books and what i got is kind of headache. For example **Garbage Collector** some sources says that this is C# feature, other that CLR got this feature and C# along with all other .NET languages got it by default. Ofcourse, my vote on CLR but there are lot other things that bring confusion, like **avoiding explicit code conversions**. Maybe i've got bad books and resources... so maybe someone would suggest some place where in clear way is said about C#
Second thing are origins of C# syntax, again few choices and nothing clear, other language combo by each other author. C, c++, Java, that's ok but VB6 and Delphi, i have doubts. And again features origin from these languages is mixed up with c# but in fact it is not clear if it is C# or CLR feature
MTH | 2008/11/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/301618",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/24824/"
] | GC is provided by the CLR
C# is everything that the language spec states, and no more.
Some of the more-interesting things that are actually C# features:
* iterator blocks [yield return]
* anonymous methods / closures / lambdas [the syntax, not to be confused with expression trees]
But anything that relates to the code you type, but which isn't directly provided by either the CLR or the framework is a language feature. Other languages may implement them too, of course...
* using [try/finally/Dispose]
* lock [Monitor.Enter/try/finally/Monitor.Exit]
* foreach [GetEnumerator()/while/[Dispose]]
* extension method resolution
* query syntax ["where pred" to .Where(x=>pred) etc]
(these are just a few examples of course; and again - other languages are at liberty to also provide these features!) | You may the C# Language specification. Here are the references:
1. [C# Specification (MSDN)](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/vcsharp/aa336809.aspx)
2. [Standard ECMA-334 C# Language Specification](http://en.csharp-online.net/CSharp_Language_Specification) |
301,618 | I've got to write few words about C#, generally piece of cake? No!
I've searched through various internet resources and books and what i got is kind of headache. For example **Garbage Collector** some sources says that this is C# feature, other that CLR got this feature and C# along with all other .NET languages got it by default. Ofcourse, my vote on CLR but there are lot other things that bring confusion, like **avoiding explicit code conversions**. Maybe i've got bad books and resources... so maybe someone would suggest some place where in clear way is said about C#
Second thing are origins of C# syntax, again few choices and nothing clear, other language combo by each other author. C, c++, Java, that's ok but VB6 and Delphi, i have doubts. And again features origin from these languages is mixed up with c# but in fact it is not clear if it is C# or CLR feature
MTH | 2008/11/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/301618",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/24824/"
] | GC is provided by the CLR
C# is everything that the language spec states, and no more.
Some of the more-interesting things that are actually C# features:
* iterator blocks [yield return]
* anonymous methods / closures / lambdas [the syntax, not to be confused with expression trees]
But anything that relates to the code you type, but which isn't directly provided by either the CLR or the framework is a language feature. Other languages may implement them too, of course...
* using [try/finally/Dispose]
* lock [Monitor.Enter/try/finally/Monitor.Exit]
* foreach [GetEnumerator()/while/[Dispose]]
* extension method resolution
* query syntax ["where pred" to .Where(x=>pred) etc]
(these are just a few examples of course; and again - other languages are at liberty to also provide these features!) | >
> Second thing are origins of C# syntax, again few choices and nothing clear, other language combo by each other author. C, c++, Java, that's ok but VB6 and Delphi,
>
>
>
Things C# got from VB:
* Properties
* Events
* For-Each loops
* Modules, declared as "static class" in C#
* Using default properties to make a class work like an array
* Late binding (C# 4)
* Integer overflow checks (C, C++, and Java cannot detect when you overflow an integer)
* P/Invoke for calling C++ dlls
In a way Optional Parameters (C# 4), but really that's from COM. |
301,618 | I've got to write few words about C#, generally piece of cake? No!
I've searched through various internet resources and books and what i got is kind of headache. For example **Garbage Collector** some sources says that this is C# feature, other that CLR got this feature and C# along with all other .NET languages got it by default. Ofcourse, my vote on CLR but there are lot other things that bring confusion, like **avoiding explicit code conversions**. Maybe i've got bad books and resources... so maybe someone would suggest some place where in clear way is said about C#
Second thing are origins of C# syntax, again few choices and nothing clear, other language combo by each other author. C, c++, Java, that's ok but VB6 and Delphi, i have doubts. And again features origin from these languages is mixed up with c# but in fact it is not clear if it is C# or CLR feature
MTH | 2008/11/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/301618",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/24824/"
] | The GC itself is a CLR feature, but the C# language assumes that it's running on a platform with garbage collection - without defining the exact semantics.
It's a tough thing to pin down precisely, but a rough rule of thumb is "if it's well defined in the language specification, it's a C# feature."
If you could give some more examples of *features* to categorise ("avoiding explicit code conversions" isn't a language feature, unless you want to give some more detail) it would help. | You may the C# Language specification. Here are the references:
1. [C# Specification (MSDN)](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/vcsharp/aa336809.aspx)
2. [Standard ECMA-334 C# Language Specification](http://en.csharp-online.net/CSharp_Language_Specification) |
301,618 | I've got to write few words about C#, generally piece of cake? No!
I've searched through various internet resources and books and what i got is kind of headache. For example **Garbage Collector** some sources says that this is C# feature, other that CLR got this feature and C# along with all other .NET languages got it by default. Ofcourse, my vote on CLR but there are lot other things that bring confusion, like **avoiding explicit code conversions**. Maybe i've got bad books and resources... so maybe someone would suggest some place where in clear way is said about C#
Second thing are origins of C# syntax, again few choices and nothing clear, other language combo by each other author. C, c++, Java, that's ok but VB6 and Delphi, i have doubts. And again features origin from these languages is mixed up with c# but in fact it is not clear if it is C# or CLR feature
MTH | 2008/11/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/301618",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/24824/"
] | The GC itself is a CLR feature, but the C# language assumes that it's running on a platform with garbage collection - without defining the exact semantics.
It's a tough thing to pin down precisely, but a rough rule of thumb is "if it's well defined in the language specification, it's a C# feature."
If you could give some more examples of *features* to categorise ("avoiding explicit code conversions" isn't a language feature, unless you want to give some more detail) it would help. | >
> Second thing are origins of C# syntax, again few choices and nothing clear, other language combo by each other author. C, c++, Java, that's ok but VB6 and Delphi,
>
>
>
Things C# got from VB:
* Properties
* Events
* For-Each loops
* Modules, declared as "static class" in C#
* Using default properties to make a class work like an array
* Late binding (C# 4)
* Integer overflow checks (C, C++, and Java cannot detect when you overflow an integer)
* P/Invoke for calling C++ dlls
In a way Optional Parameters (C# 4), but really that's from COM. |
393,492 | I'm trying to find the right word to describe a wealthy English dandy who finds himself rather out of place in a seedy bareknuckle boxing tavern. The story is set in 1890's, in London, and the character is an eccentric aesthete who might find himself in better company with Oscar Wilde or Agernon Swinburne than in his current company. His friend overhears people muttering derogatory terms under their breath. I've considered toff, fop, or dandy, but none of them seem like they carry enough weight. A homophobic slur might also work in this context, but I think it should convey how out of place this character is in his current setting.
Edit:
Someone suggested I add a few sentences for context.
>
> He could feel the eyes of the crowd still on him, and on his
> companion. Roderick, with his blue eyes and kid gloves to match, his
> delicate features, blond curls, and manicured nails, looked like a
> poodle among pit bulls in this place. “*Insert derogative here*.” The
> man who’d spoken was a particularly brutish sort, tattooed from neck
> to fingertip and scarred from his ear to his jaw. Jonathan’s fists
> clenched. “Leave it. It’s all right,” said Roderick, noticing
> Jonathan’s posture. Jonathan shook his head. He wasn’t about to let
> this lie.
>
>
> | 2017/06/11 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/393492",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/240363/"
] | Here are some options:
>
> ***[popinjay](https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/popinjay)***
>
>
> NOUN
>
>
> 1. *dated* A vain or conceited person, especially one who dresses or behaves extravagantly.
>
>
> ***[pretty boy](https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/pretty_boy)***
>
>
> NOUN
>
>
> *derogatory, informal*
>
> A foppish or effeminate man.
>
> *‘it was rare indeed for any athlete to be a pretty boy at a time when American men were still stuck in a 1950's macho mindset’*
>
>
> ***[lounge lizard](https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/lounge_lizard)***
>
>
> NOUN
>
>
> \_informal \_
>
> An idle man who spends his time in places frequented by rich and fashionable people.
>
> *‘he was a lounge lizard in London and a stockbroker in Manhattan’*
>
>
> ***[coxcomb](https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/coxcomb)***
>
>
> NOUN
>
>
> 1. *archaic* A vain and conceited man; a dandy.
>
> *‘As an afterthought, the red-headed girl suddenly added, ‘Good gracious, that Adam Weatherly is such a coxcomb.’’*
>
>
>
You could also use ***[Beau Brummell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beau_Brummell)***, as Billy Joel does in *Still Rock and Roll To Me*. | Perhaps 'froggy prosser', 'frog ponce', or one or another of those words, or some collocation thereof, would inspire the reaction described in the context you provided. The terms were chiefly derogatory, and common in popular and thieves' use in the 1890s. Although I could not readily locate attestation of the collocations in newspapers and books published in the 1890s, they are natural and likely collocations.
'Froggy', of course, was (and is) a common derogatory British term for the French, collectively or individually. Less likely is use with allusion to policemen, for which the appellation without the diminutive ('frog') would have been more common. Even so, the use of 'froggy' in a 'rough trade' setting in the 1890s would inevitably carry with it at least a hint of the 'policeman' sense along with the primary sense of 'despised Frenchman' and, more generally, 'despicable foreigner'.
>
> **froggy**, *n.* and *adj.*2
>
> ....
>
> 2. Chiefly *derogatory*. Frequently with capital initial. A French person or (occasionally) French people collectively; (also) a French-speaker or person of French descent, esp. a French-Canadian. Also occasionally as a form of address. Cf. frog *n.*1 10.
>
>
> [*OED*](http://oed.com/)
>
>
>
*OED* provides four attestations of 'froggy' from the last three decades of the 1800s, including one from 1894, but these two uses from newspapers may be more telling:
>
> **A FRENCHMAN'S FREAK.
>
> He Courted the Wife, not the Sister.
>
> Froggy has £500 to Pay.**
>
> On Tuesday, in the Divorce Division of the Royal Courts of Justice, before Mr. Justice Butt and a common jury, the case of Lock *v.* Lock and Thommeret was commenced.
>
> This was the petition of the husband, a clerk in the Inland Revenue, for a divorce by reason of his wife's misconduct with the co-respondent, Mr. Maurice Thommeret, a Frenchman, against whom damages were claimed. The co-respondent did not appear, but the wife pleaded condonation.
>
>
> [*Worcestershire Chronicle*, 01 March 1890, p 6](http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000350/18900301/035/0006) (paywalled).
>
>
> A sharp look-out was kept for the foe; and hope ran high amongst the sailors at the thought of at last being able to have a "slap at Froggy."
>
>
> [*Whitby Gazette*, 14 February 1890, p 4](http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001103/18900214/067/0004) (paywalled).
>
>
>
The cross-referenced entry in *OED*, "frog *n.*1 10" is this:
>
> **10.** Usually derogatory. Frequently with capital initial.
>
> **a.** A French person or a person of French descent; occasionally as a form of address.
>
>
> *OED*
>
>
>
For evidence of 'frog' in the sense of 'policeman', see the entry in the 1889 [*A dictionary of slang, jargon & cant*, by Barrere, Albert; Leland, Charles Godfrey](https://archive.org/stream/adictionaryofsla01barriala#page/386/mode/2up/search/frog):
>
> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JwQib.png)
>
>
>
and for both 'frog' and 'froggy', see the entry in the 1890 [*Slang and its analogues past and present*, by Farmer, John Stephen, and Henley, William Ernest](https://archive.org/stream/slangitsanalogue03farmuoft#page/76/mode/2up/search/froggy):
>
> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/4UF02.png)
>
>
>
For 'prosser' and 'ponce', [Farmer and Henley (1890, op. cit.)](https://archive.org/stream/slangitsanalogue05farmuoft#page/306/mode/2up/search/prosser) provide details of common use:
>
> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jTD2l.png)
>
>
> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IxoRD.png)
>
>
>
For other derogatory terms with similar meanings, see the list of synonyms provided for 'ponce' by Farmer and Henley.
[Barrere and Leland (1889)](https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofslan02barriala#page/154/mode/2up/search/ponce) present a much less detailed but here quite pertinent take on 'prosser':
>
> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fD115.png)
>
>
> |
393,492 | I'm trying to find the right word to describe a wealthy English dandy who finds himself rather out of place in a seedy bareknuckle boxing tavern. The story is set in 1890's, in London, and the character is an eccentric aesthete who might find himself in better company with Oscar Wilde or Agernon Swinburne than in his current company. His friend overhears people muttering derogatory terms under their breath. I've considered toff, fop, or dandy, but none of them seem like they carry enough weight. A homophobic slur might also work in this context, but I think it should convey how out of place this character is in his current setting.
Edit:
Someone suggested I add a few sentences for context.
>
> He could feel the eyes of the crowd still on him, and on his
> companion. Roderick, with his blue eyes and kid gloves to match, his
> delicate features, blond curls, and manicured nails, looked like a
> poodle among pit bulls in this place. “*Insert derogative here*.” The
> man who’d spoken was a particularly brutish sort, tattooed from neck
> to fingertip and scarred from his ear to his jaw. Jonathan’s fists
> clenched. “Leave it. It’s all right,” said Roderick, noticing
> Jonathan’s posture. Jonathan shook his head. He wasn’t about to let
> this lie.
>
>
> | 2017/06/11 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/393492",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/240363/"
] | ***Miss Molly*** or ***Molly Mop***. According to the [Oxford English Dictionary](http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/252752?redirectedFrom=Miss+Molly#eid), Miss Molly means:
>
> Origin: From proper names, combined with an English element. Etymons:
> miss n.2, proper name Molly, Mary.
>
>
> Etymology: < miss n.2 + Molly, pet-form of the female forename Mary,
> after molly n.1
>
>
> colloq. Obs.
>
>
> An effeminate or homosexual man or boy. Cf. molly n.1 2, Miss Nancy n.
>
>
> 1754 World 18 Apr. 348 If he goes to school, he will be
> perpetually teized by the nick-name of Miss Molly.
>
>
> **1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue at Molly, A miss
> Molly, an effeminate fellow, a sodomite**. (Emphasis added)
>
>
> 1816 ‘Quiz’ Grand Master i. 19 In fact, a specimen of folly, A
> semi-ver [sic], a mere Miss Molly.
>
>
>
I quoted the entry in its entirety, because someone who does not subscribe to the OED may not be able to access the link.
I came across this term in the novel [*Morgan's Run*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan%27s_Run) by Colleen McCullough. The novel centers on the transport of convicts to Australia in the late 18th century and the first settlement on Norfolk Island. One of the principal characters, the fourth officer of one of the transports, was a *Miss Molly*. You can find all instances of the use of *Miss Molly* in *Morgan's Run* [here](https://books.google.com/books?id=cHPG9EKdZFEC&pg=PA511&lpg=PA511&dq=Miss+Molly,+Morgan's+run&source=bl&ots=WWce35dWGO&sig=yybZRfQWQ5zHkfIfANI_YC_R4H0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiPnLfBzrbUAhUh04MKHeQkBVsQ6AEIPjAF#v=onepage&q=Miss%20Molly%2C%20Morgan's%20run&f=false)
*Molly Mop* is another possibility for the OP. The [OED](http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/120943?redirectedFrom=molly-mop#eid36196247) cites this use of *Molly Mop*
>
> 1829 F. Marryat Naval Officer II. vi. 182 I'll disrate you,..you
> d—d Molly Mop
>
>
>
To us, *Molly Mop* sounds funny, but spoken in the context and time the OP gives, it would be very insulting to a heterosexual male.
See also this entry for [Molly House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molly_house)
>
> Molly-house was a term used in 18th and 19th century England for a
> meeting place for homosexual men
>
>
> | Perhaps 'froggy prosser', 'frog ponce', or one or another of those words, or some collocation thereof, would inspire the reaction described in the context you provided. The terms were chiefly derogatory, and common in popular and thieves' use in the 1890s. Although I could not readily locate attestation of the collocations in newspapers and books published in the 1890s, they are natural and likely collocations.
'Froggy', of course, was (and is) a common derogatory British term for the French, collectively or individually. Less likely is use with allusion to policemen, for which the appellation without the diminutive ('frog') would have been more common. Even so, the use of 'froggy' in a 'rough trade' setting in the 1890s would inevitably carry with it at least a hint of the 'policeman' sense along with the primary sense of 'despised Frenchman' and, more generally, 'despicable foreigner'.
>
> **froggy**, *n.* and *adj.*2
>
> ....
>
> 2. Chiefly *derogatory*. Frequently with capital initial. A French person or (occasionally) French people collectively; (also) a French-speaker or person of French descent, esp. a French-Canadian. Also occasionally as a form of address. Cf. frog *n.*1 10.
>
>
> [*OED*](http://oed.com/)
>
>
>
*OED* provides four attestations of 'froggy' from the last three decades of the 1800s, including one from 1894, but these two uses from newspapers may be more telling:
>
> **A FRENCHMAN'S FREAK.
>
> He Courted the Wife, not the Sister.
>
> Froggy has £500 to Pay.**
>
> On Tuesday, in the Divorce Division of the Royal Courts of Justice, before Mr. Justice Butt and a common jury, the case of Lock *v.* Lock and Thommeret was commenced.
>
> This was the petition of the husband, a clerk in the Inland Revenue, for a divorce by reason of his wife's misconduct with the co-respondent, Mr. Maurice Thommeret, a Frenchman, against whom damages were claimed. The co-respondent did not appear, but the wife pleaded condonation.
>
>
> [*Worcestershire Chronicle*, 01 March 1890, p 6](http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000350/18900301/035/0006) (paywalled).
>
>
> A sharp look-out was kept for the foe; and hope ran high amongst the sailors at the thought of at last being able to have a "slap at Froggy."
>
>
> [*Whitby Gazette*, 14 February 1890, p 4](http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001103/18900214/067/0004) (paywalled).
>
>
>
The cross-referenced entry in *OED*, "frog *n.*1 10" is this:
>
> **10.** Usually derogatory. Frequently with capital initial.
>
> **a.** A French person or a person of French descent; occasionally as a form of address.
>
>
> *OED*
>
>
>
For evidence of 'frog' in the sense of 'policeman', see the entry in the 1889 [*A dictionary of slang, jargon & cant*, by Barrere, Albert; Leland, Charles Godfrey](https://archive.org/stream/adictionaryofsla01barriala#page/386/mode/2up/search/frog):
>
> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JwQib.png)
>
>
>
and for both 'frog' and 'froggy', see the entry in the 1890 [*Slang and its analogues past and present*, by Farmer, John Stephen, and Henley, William Ernest](https://archive.org/stream/slangitsanalogue03farmuoft#page/76/mode/2up/search/froggy):
>
> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/4UF02.png)
>
>
>
For 'prosser' and 'ponce', [Farmer and Henley (1890, op. cit.)](https://archive.org/stream/slangitsanalogue05farmuoft#page/306/mode/2up/search/prosser) provide details of common use:
>
> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jTD2l.png)
>
>
> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IxoRD.png)
>
>
>
For other derogatory terms with similar meanings, see the list of synonyms provided for 'ponce' by Farmer and Henley.
[Barrere and Leland (1889)](https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofslan02barriala#page/154/mode/2up/search/ponce) present a much less detailed but here quite pertinent take on 'prosser':
>
> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fD115.png)
>
>
> |
393,492 | I'm trying to find the right word to describe a wealthy English dandy who finds himself rather out of place in a seedy bareknuckle boxing tavern. The story is set in 1890's, in London, and the character is an eccentric aesthete who might find himself in better company with Oscar Wilde or Agernon Swinburne than in his current company. His friend overhears people muttering derogatory terms under their breath. I've considered toff, fop, or dandy, but none of them seem like they carry enough weight. A homophobic slur might also work in this context, but I think it should convey how out of place this character is in his current setting.
Edit:
Someone suggested I add a few sentences for context.
>
> He could feel the eyes of the crowd still on him, and on his
> companion. Roderick, with his blue eyes and kid gloves to match, his
> delicate features, blond curls, and manicured nails, looked like a
> poodle among pit bulls in this place. “*Insert derogative here*.” The
> man who’d spoken was a particularly brutish sort, tattooed from neck
> to fingertip and scarred from his ear to his jaw. Jonathan’s fists
> clenched. “Leave it. It’s all right,” said Roderick, noticing
> Jonathan’s posture. Jonathan shook his head. He wasn’t about to let
> this lie.
>
>
> | 2017/06/11 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/393492",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/240363/"
] | "Swell" is a possible earlier term, still current in the 1890s, but in fact, "toff" would have been in use at exactly the time you're concerned with. It occurs in a [poem](http://www.fromoldbooks.org/Farmer-MusaPedestris/the-rhyme-of-the-rusher.html) printed in 1892:
>
> But a toff was mixed in a bull and cow, [row]
>
> And I helped him to do a bunk ...
>
>
> — Doss Chiderdoss, "The Rhyme of the Rusher"
>
>
>
"Toff" begins to appear in the mid-1850s, and is well attested. See [*Green's Dictionary of Slang*](https://greensdictofslang.com). | Perhaps 'froggy prosser', 'frog ponce', or one or another of those words, or some collocation thereof, would inspire the reaction described in the context you provided. The terms were chiefly derogatory, and common in popular and thieves' use in the 1890s. Although I could not readily locate attestation of the collocations in newspapers and books published in the 1890s, they are natural and likely collocations.
'Froggy', of course, was (and is) a common derogatory British term for the French, collectively or individually. Less likely is use with allusion to policemen, for which the appellation without the diminutive ('frog') would have been more common. Even so, the use of 'froggy' in a 'rough trade' setting in the 1890s would inevitably carry with it at least a hint of the 'policeman' sense along with the primary sense of 'despised Frenchman' and, more generally, 'despicable foreigner'.
>
> **froggy**, *n.* and *adj.*2
>
> ....
>
> 2. Chiefly *derogatory*. Frequently with capital initial. A French person or (occasionally) French people collectively; (also) a French-speaker or person of French descent, esp. a French-Canadian. Also occasionally as a form of address. Cf. frog *n.*1 10.
>
>
> [*OED*](http://oed.com/)
>
>
>
*OED* provides four attestations of 'froggy' from the last three decades of the 1800s, including one from 1894, but these two uses from newspapers may be more telling:
>
> **A FRENCHMAN'S FREAK.
>
> He Courted the Wife, not the Sister.
>
> Froggy has £500 to Pay.**
>
> On Tuesday, in the Divorce Division of the Royal Courts of Justice, before Mr. Justice Butt and a common jury, the case of Lock *v.* Lock and Thommeret was commenced.
>
> This was the petition of the husband, a clerk in the Inland Revenue, for a divorce by reason of his wife's misconduct with the co-respondent, Mr. Maurice Thommeret, a Frenchman, against whom damages were claimed. The co-respondent did not appear, but the wife pleaded condonation.
>
>
> [*Worcestershire Chronicle*, 01 March 1890, p 6](http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000350/18900301/035/0006) (paywalled).
>
>
> A sharp look-out was kept for the foe; and hope ran high amongst the sailors at the thought of at last being able to have a "slap at Froggy."
>
>
> [*Whitby Gazette*, 14 February 1890, p 4](http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001103/18900214/067/0004) (paywalled).
>
>
>
The cross-referenced entry in *OED*, "frog *n.*1 10" is this:
>
> **10.** Usually derogatory. Frequently with capital initial.
>
> **a.** A French person or a person of French descent; occasionally as a form of address.
>
>
> *OED*
>
>
>
For evidence of 'frog' in the sense of 'policeman', see the entry in the 1889 [*A dictionary of slang, jargon & cant*, by Barrere, Albert; Leland, Charles Godfrey](https://archive.org/stream/adictionaryofsla01barriala#page/386/mode/2up/search/frog):
>
> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JwQib.png)
>
>
>
and for both 'frog' and 'froggy', see the entry in the 1890 [*Slang and its analogues past and present*, by Farmer, John Stephen, and Henley, William Ernest](https://archive.org/stream/slangitsanalogue03farmuoft#page/76/mode/2up/search/froggy):
>
> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/4UF02.png)
>
>
>
For 'prosser' and 'ponce', [Farmer and Henley (1890, op. cit.)](https://archive.org/stream/slangitsanalogue05farmuoft#page/306/mode/2up/search/prosser) provide details of common use:
>
> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jTD2l.png)
>
>
> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IxoRD.png)
>
>
>
For other derogatory terms with similar meanings, see the list of synonyms provided for 'ponce' by Farmer and Henley.
[Barrere and Leland (1889)](https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofslan02barriala#page/154/mode/2up/search/ponce) present a much less detailed but here quite pertinent take on 'prosser':
>
> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fD115.png)
>
>
> |
105,937 | Microsoft technet states that document libraries have a file limit of 30 million items:
[http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc262787(v=office.15).aspx#ListLibrary](http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc262787%28v=office.15%29.aspx#ListLibrary)
In practice, numerous features seem to break once there are more than 5000 items in a Document library - not just in the initial directory listing - but as a recursive total. For example, you may be able to list folders, but setting permissions or deleting files is met with errors.
Are there any configuration options or optimizations that can be used to relax these limits?
A workaround would be to split folders into separate document libraries, but in our case, with over 5 million files, this would result in a minimum of 1000, 5000 file document libraries and likely many more. At that point we're likely shifting the problem into the library view.
---
A major showstopper is the effect this has on Sharing - a user trying to share a folder with more than 5000 aggregate items simply fails. I'm investigating the effect (if any) the resource throttling suggestion below has on this. | 2014/07/07 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/105937",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/27075/"
] | The issue is that the view is scanning all items to determine which are folders so that they can be displayed. The fix is to modify the default view so that it does not show folders (under view settings, folders section). | As far as I understood only a 'View' of a list ran into problems at 5000 items. If you can filter the view to only ever show less than 5000 I think you would be fine. |
105,937 | Microsoft technet states that document libraries have a file limit of 30 million items:
[http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc262787(v=office.15).aspx#ListLibrary](http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc262787%28v=office.15%29.aspx#ListLibrary)
In practice, numerous features seem to break once there are more than 5000 items in a Document library - not just in the initial directory listing - but as a recursive total. For example, you may be able to list folders, but setting permissions or deleting files is met with errors.
Are there any configuration options or optimizations that can be used to relax these limits?
A workaround would be to split folders into separate document libraries, but in our case, with over 5 million files, this would result in a minimum of 1000, 5000 file document libraries and likely many more. At that point we're likely shifting the problem into the library view.
---
A major showstopper is the effect this has on Sharing - a user trying to share a folder with more than 5000 aggregate items simply fails. I'm investigating the effect (if any) the resource throttling suggestion below has on this. | 2014/07/07 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/105937",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/27075/"
] | You have to change the List View Threshold to the number of items returnd in one database query.
1. You do that in Centra Administration > Application Management > Manage Web applications. In the ribbon
2. select the Web application you want to edit
3. select General Settings
4. edit List View Threshold item limit.
 | As far as I understood only a 'View' of a list ran into problems at 5000 items. If you can filter the view to only ever show less than 5000 I think you would be fine. |
105,937 | Microsoft technet states that document libraries have a file limit of 30 million items:
[http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc262787(v=office.15).aspx#ListLibrary](http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc262787%28v=office.15%29.aspx#ListLibrary)
In practice, numerous features seem to break once there are more than 5000 items in a Document library - not just in the initial directory listing - but as a recursive total. For example, you may be able to list folders, but setting permissions or deleting files is met with errors.
Are there any configuration options or optimizations that can be used to relax these limits?
A workaround would be to split folders into separate document libraries, but in our case, with over 5 million files, this would result in a minimum of 1000, 5000 file document libraries and likely many more. At that point we're likely shifting the problem into the library view.
---
A major showstopper is the effect this has on Sharing - a user trying to share a folder with more than 5000 aggregate items simply fails. I'm investigating the effect (if any) the resource throttling suggestion below has on this. | 2014/07/07 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/105937",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/27075/"
] | In our SharePoint implementation, we try to avoid breaching the list view threshold (which we’ve left at 5000) by designing our views with it in mind.
We don’t have libraries quite as large as yours, but in those that are above the list view threshold we have set the default view to ‘1 Week View’, ‘1 Month View’ etc. which show files which have been created or modified within those times. This may not be an ideal view for your implementation but the general idea is to reduce the results returned for the initial query for the view so it may require some creativity on your part to determine how to do this using the metadata you have available. We have found that this works fine as long as the first filter you use in your view is indexed.
Alternatively, you could make use of managed metadata so that users can filter the list/library using indexed metadata. I would also suggest that you could look into ways of presenting data to your users through Search as when you get to the size of your SharePoint implementation, it can be a far more efficient way for finding information in your system.
Hope this helps and is some food for thought. | As far as I understood only a 'View' of a list ran into problems at 5000 items. If you can filter the view to only ever show less than 5000 I think you would be fine. |
105,937 | Microsoft technet states that document libraries have a file limit of 30 million items:
[http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc262787(v=office.15).aspx#ListLibrary](http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc262787%28v=office.15%29.aspx#ListLibrary)
In practice, numerous features seem to break once there are more than 5000 items in a Document library - not just in the initial directory listing - but as a recursive total. For example, you may be able to list folders, but setting permissions or deleting files is met with errors.
Are there any configuration options or optimizations that can be used to relax these limits?
A workaround would be to split folders into separate document libraries, but in our case, with over 5 million files, this would result in a minimum of 1000, 5000 file document libraries and likely many more. At that point we're likely shifting the problem into the library view.
---
A major showstopper is the effect this has on Sharing - a user trying to share a folder with more than 5000 aggregate items simply fails. I'm investigating the effect (if any) the resource throttling suggestion below has on this. | 2014/07/07 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/105937",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/27075/"
] | You have to change the List View Threshold to the number of items returnd in one database query.
1. You do that in Centra Administration > Application Management > Manage Web applications. In the ribbon
2. select the Web application you want to edit
3. select General Settings
4. edit List View Threshold item limit.
 | The issue is that the view is scanning all items to determine which are folders so that they can be displayed. The fix is to modify the default view so that it does not show folders (under view settings, folders section). |
105,937 | Microsoft technet states that document libraries have a file limit of 30 million items:
[http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc262787(v=office.15).aspx#ListLibrary](http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc262787%28v=office.15%29.aspx#ListLibrary)
In practice, numerous features seem to break once there are more than 5000 items in a Document library - not just in the initial directory listing - but as a recursive total. For example, you may be able to list folders, but setting permissions or deleting files is met with errors.
Are there any configuration options or optimizations that can be used to relax these limits?
A workaround would be to split folders into separate document libraries, but in our case, with over 5 million files, this would result in a minimum of 1000, 5000 file document libraries and likely many more. At that point we're likely shifting the problem into the library view.
---
A major showstopper is the effect this has on Sharing - a user trying to share a folder with more than 5000 aggregate items simply fails. I'm investigating the effect (if any) the resource throttling suggestion below has on this. | 2014/07/07 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/105937",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/27075/"
] | In our SharePoint implementation, we try to avoid breaching the list view threshold (which we’ve left at 5000) by designing our views with it in mind.
We don’t have libraries quite as large as yours, but in those that are above the list view threshold we have set the default view to ‘1 Week View’, ‘1 Month View’ etc. which show files which have been created or modified within those times. This may not be an ideal view for your implementation but the general idea is to reduce the results returned for the initial query for the view so it may require some creativity on your part to determine how to do this using the metadata you have available. We have found that this works fine as long as the first filter you use in your view is indexed.
Alternatively, you could make use of managed metadata so that users can filter the list/library using indexed metadata. I would also suggest that you could look into ways of presenting data to your users through Search as when you get to the size of your SharePoint implementation, it can be a far more efficient way for finding information in your system.
Hope this helps and is some food for thought. | The issue is that the view is scanning all items to determine which are folders so that they can be displayed. The fix is to modify the default view so that it does not show folders (under view settings, folders section). |
2,218,143 | We are about to deploy a php5 / symfony / mysql application on a windows stack (windows 2003 server)
Our IT department doesn't have much experience administering any other stuff but microsoft technology, so I'd like to know what configuration would you propose for a production environment...
apache and php on windows?
php on iis?
etc...
the application should use integrated security (that means the have should have some way to find get the domain/username of the logged user, in classic asp is as easy as Request.ServerVariables(“AUTH\_USER”) )
it would also be very useful if you could point me to documentation on the subject. | 2010/02/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2218143",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/47633/"
] | This question and especiually the links in it may answer parts of your question: [**Apache vs. IIS PHP performance comparison**](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1197953/apache-vs-iis-php-performance-comparison) | PHP works fine with IIS, although I've only been able to configure it to run with the site in the IIS directory hierarchy. (c:\inetpub\wwwroot). I've never been able to get it to run with a virtual directory outside that hierarchy.
Also, assuming that IIS is running (it is by default in Server 2003), IIS and Apache can't share port 80. If you have both running on the same box, one or the other will get port 80, but not both. |
1,218 | Ok, so I write [this beautiful answer](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/a/33591/2064) ;-), and then comes this hooligan insert spaces between all my numbers and units. 600V is not "600V", it's "600 V". I've seen edits like that before, but I wonder if that's necessary. Yes, I'm aware of [ISO-31](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_31-0), but do we give a damn?
I've posted 1115 answers so far and nobody ever complained that he couldn't read "600V". I think it's unnecessary, and it only bumps the question.
What do others think?
**edit**
Just posted an answer nicely inserting the spaces when I hit upon a problem. I write "4/20 MHz" and it looks like "(4/20) MHz" (200 kHz)or , while I mean "4/(20 MHz)", (200 ns). How do you read "4/20 MHz"? | 2012/06/11 | [
"https://electronics.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/1218",
"https://electronics.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.meta.stackexchange.com/users/2064/"
] | As for your example, it was already fairly near the top, and the reason for the edit was primarily to remove *dozens* of single-character MathJax calls. They look ugly (they're italicized by default which clashes with the rest of the text), and are are slow.
More to your question, 600V isn't *that* bad, but 1µA, 1MΩ are worse. I'm not liable to bump a question to fix one or two, but if I stumble across a question which has *several formatting issues*, it's likely. Deciding whether or not to edit a post involves many factors, chief among which is the do-I-feel-like-it factor.
If you're asking my opinion about how posts *should* be written ("if I was king"), there should be a space between numbers and units as per the standard you site as well as [NIST](http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/sp811.pdf) (see #10 on the checklist, or below) and SI. If it's in reference to some sort of nominal value (a 12-V car battery, 5-V logic), I think there is some other method for that but I am not sure.
>
> NIST Special Publication 811 2008 Edition
>
>
> Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)
> ===========================================================
>
>
> 7 Rules and Style Conventions for Expressing Values of Quantities
> -----------------------------------------------------------------
>
>
> ### 7.2 Space between numerical value and unit symbol
>
>
> In the expression for the value of a quantity, the unit symbol is placed after the numerical value and a space is left between the numerical value and the unit symbol.
>
>
> The only exceptions to this rule are for the unit symbols for degree, minute, and second for plane angle: °, ', and ", respectively (see Table 6), in which case no space is left between the numerical value and the unit symbol.
>
>
> *Example:* *α* = 30°22'8"
>
>
> *Note:* *α* is a quantity symbol for plane angle.
>
>
> This rule means that:
>
>
> 1. The symbol °C for the degree Celsius is preceded by a space when one expresses the values of Celsius temperatures.
> * *Example:* *t* = 30.2 °C *but not:* *t* = 30.2°C or *t* = 30.2° C
> 2. Even when the value of a quantity is used as an adjective, a space is left between the numerical value and the unit symbol. (This rule recognizes that unit symbols are not like ordinary words or abbreviations but are mathematical entities, and that the value of a quantity should be expressed in a way that is as independent of language as possible—sees Secs. 7.6 and 7.10.3.)
> * Examples:
> + a 1 m end gauge *but not:* a 1-m end gauge
> + a 10 kΩ resistor *but not:* a 10-kΩ resistor
>
>
> However, if there is any ambiguity, the words should be rearranged accordingly. For example, the statement “the samples were placed in 22 mL vials” should be replaced with the statement “the samples were placed in vials of volume 22 mL.”
>
>
> *Note:* When unit names are spelled out, the normal rules of English apply. Thus, for example, “a roll of 35-millimeter film” is acceptable (see Sec. 7.6, note 3).
>
>
> | I would consider an edit to place a space between 600 and V a very minor edit. I would consider it too superficial an edit to be worth doing if that is all someone is editing. I would suggest against it but I am not sure someone trying to improve a post, which was technically done here, is something they can feel free to do.
Just suggest to users whom you see do this that they try to save edits for more egregious errors. This is not something that is in itself an issue when done occasionally. This is only a real issue if the edits are flooding the main page with edits.
Do try to remember, this is someone taking their time to try to improve the look of your post. You should take it as them considering your post so valuable that polishing up these minor things are worth it. No one would do that for a poorly explained post. Take this as a compliment, not as someone voting down your post(wait, not a vote down). |
1,218 | Ok, so I write [this beautiful answer](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/a/33591/2064) ;-), and then comes this hooligan insert spaces between all my numbers and units. 600V is not "600V", it's "600 V". I've seen edits like that before, but I wonder if that's necessary. Yes, I'm aware of [ISO-31](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_31-0), but do we give a damn?
I've posted 1115 answers so far and nobody ever complained that he couldn't read "600V". I think it's unnecessary, and it only bumps the question.
What do others think?
**edit**
Just posted an answer nicely inserting the spaces when I hit upon a problem. I write "4/20 MHz" and it looks like "(4/20) MHz" (200 kHz)or , while I mean "4/(20 MHz)", (200 ns). How do you read "4/20 MHz"? | 2012/06/11 | [
"https://electronics.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/1218",
"https://electronics.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.meta.stackexchange.com/users/2064/"
] | As for your example, it was already fairly near the top, and the reason for the edit was primarily to remove *dozens* of single-character MathJax calls. They look ugly (they're italicized by default which clashes with the rest of the text), and are are slow.
More to your question, 600V isn't *that* bad, but 1µA, 1MΩ are worse. I'm not liable to bump a question to fix one or two, but if I stumble across a question which has *several formatting issues*, it's likely. Deciding whether or not to edit a post involves many factors, chief among which is the do-I-feel-like-it factor.
If you're asking my opinion about how posts *should* be written ("if I was king"), there should be a space between numbers and units as per the standard you site as well as [NIST](http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/sp811.pdf) (see #10 on the checklist, or below) and SI. If it's in reference to some sort of nominal value (a 12-V car battery, 5-V logic), I think there is some other method for that but I am not sure.
>
> NIST Special Publication 811 2008 Edition
>
>
> Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)
> ===========================================================
>
>
> 7 Rules and Style Conventions for Expressing Values of Quantities
> -----------------------------------------------------------------
>
>
> ### 7.2 Space between numerical value and unit symbol
>
>
> In the expression for the value of a quantity, the unit symbol is placed after the numerical value and a space is left between the numerical value and the unit symbol.
>
>
> The only exceptions to this rule are for the unit symbols for degree, minute, and second for plane angle: °, ', and ", respectively (see Table 6), in which case no space is left between the numerical value and the unit symbol.
>
>
> *Example:* *α* = 30°22'8"
>
>
> *Note:* *α* is a quantity symbol for plane angle.
>
>
> This rule means that:
>
>
> 1. The symbol °C for the degree Celsius is preceded by a space when one expresses the values of Celsius temperatures.
> * *Example:* *t* = 30.2 °C *but not:* *t* = 30.2°C or *t* = 30.2° C
> 2. Even when the value of a quantity is used as an adjective, a space is left between the numerical value and the unit symbol. (This rule recognizes that unit symbols are not like ordinary words or abbreviations but are mathematical entities, and that the value of a quantity should be expressed in a way that is as independent of language as possible—sees Secs. 7.6 and 7.10.3.)
> * Examples:
> + a 1 m end gauge *but not:* a 1-m end gauge
> + a 10 kΩ resistor *but not:* a 10-kΩ resistor
>
>
> However, if there is any ambiguity, the words should be rearranged accordingly. For example, the statement “the samples were placed in 22 mL vials” should be replaced with the statement “the samples were placed in vials of volume 22 mL.”
>
>
> *Note:* When unit names are spelled out, the normal rules of English apply. Thus, for example, “a roll of 35-millimeter film” is acceptable (see Sec. 7.6, note 3).
>
>
> | I totally agree - it is unnecessary. I have just had a look through 20 - 30 datasheets from 12 manufacturers and in the majority of cases, they don't put spaces between numbers and units.
The results of my (highly unscientific) "statistical analysis" show that whilst Bourns consistently uses spaces, Microchip uses spaces around 50% of the time and most others use spaces from zero to around 20% of the time - *in the same datasheet!*. I would also note that I had never even noticed this before in 30 years in the industry.
So I would suggest that we all have to be able to read values written without spaces ... and one users idea of improving the look of a post will not necessarily extend to *all* users.
*Note to steven - You recently changed the spelling of "modelling" in one of my answers to "modeling". Since I speak EN-GB and not EN-US, I seriously considered changing it back!. In the end I re-worded the entire answer anyway. Just sayin' ;)* |
1,218 | Ok, so I write [this beautiful answer](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/a/33591/2064) ;-), and then comes this hooligan insert spaces between all my numbers and units. 600V is not "600V", it's "600 V". I've seen edits like that before, but I wonder if that's necessary. Yes, I'm aware of [ISO-31](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_31-0), but do we give a damn?
I've posted 1115 answers so far and nobody ever complained that he couldn't read "600V". I think it's unnecessary, and it only bumps the question.
What do others think?
**edit**
Just posted an answer nicely inserting the spaces when I hit upon a problem. I write "4/20 MHz" and it looks like "(4/20) MHz" (200 kHz)or , while I mean "4/(20 MHz)", (200 ns). How do you read "4/20 MHz"? | 2012/06/11 | [
"https://electronics.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/1218",
"https://electronics.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.meta.stackexchange.com/users/2064/"
] | As for your example, it was already fairly near the top, and the reason for the edit was primarily to remove *dozens* of single-character MathJax calls. They look ugly (they're italicized by default which clashes with the rest of the text), and are are slow.
More to your question, 600V isn't *that* bad, but 1µA, 1MΩ are worse. I'm not liable to bump a question to fix one or two, but if I stumble across a question which has *several formatting issues*, it's likely. Deciding whether or not to edit a post involves many factors, chief among which is the do-I-feel-like-it factor.
If you're asking my opinion about how posts *should* be written ("if I was king"), there should be a space between numbers and units as per the standard you site as well as [NIST](http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/sp811.pdf) (see #10 on the checklist, or below) and SI. If it's in reference to some sort of nominal value (a 12-V car battery, 5-V logic), I think there is some other method for that but I am not sure.
>
> NIST Special Publication 811 2008 Edition
>
>
> Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)
> ===========================================================
>
>
> 7 Rules and Style Conventions for Expressing Values of Quantities
> -----------------------------------------------------------------
>
>
> ### 7.2 Space between numerical value and unit symbol
>
>
> In the expression for the value of a quantity, the unit symbol is placed after the numerical value and a space is left between the numerical value and the unit symbol.
>
>
> The only exceptions to this rule are for the unit symbols for degree, minute, and second for plane angle: °, ', and ", respectively (see Table 6), in which case no space is left between the numerical value and the unit symbol.
>
>
> *Example:* *α* = 30°22'8"
>
>
> *Note:* *α* is a quantity symbol for plane angle.
>
>
> This rule means that:
>
>
> 1. The symbol °C for the degree Celsius is preceded by a space when one expresses the values of Celsius temperatures.
> * *Example:* *t* = 30.2 °C *but not:* *t* = 30.2°C or *t* = 30.2° C
> 2. Even when the value of a quantity is used as an adjective, a space is left between the numerical value and the unit symbol. (This rule recognizes that unit symbols are not like ordinary words or abbreviations but are mathematical entities, and that the value of a quantity should be expressed in a way that is as independent of language as possible—sees Secs. 7.6 and 7.10.3.)
> * Examples:
> + a 1 m end gauge *but not:* a 1-m end gauge
> + a 10 kΩ resistor *but not:* a 10-kΩ resistor
>
>
> However, if there is any ambiguity, the words should be rearranged accordingly. For example, the statement “the samples were placed in 22 mL vials” should be replaced with the statement “the samples were placed in vials of volume 22 mL.”
>
>
> *Note:* When unit names are spelled out, the normal rules of English apply. Thus, for example, “a roll of 35-millimeter film” is acceptable (see Sec. 7.6, note 3).
>
>
> | I see nothing wrong with any edit, and more than being pedantic about standards, I really feel the space improves readability.
It has been discussed that a checkbox like "This is a minor edit" might be helpful for such smallish cleanups - if you don't like the question to reappear at the top of the list.
Just one note: I would enjoy spaces to be edited into my answers, but (outside MathJax) please with a non-breaking space (" ") instead of a plain space (" "), because a line break between the number and the unit certainly doesn't improve readability.
Related: <https://electronics.meta.stackexchange.com/a/621/930> |
1,218 | Ok, so I write [this beautiful answer](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/a/33591/2064) ;-), and then comes this hooligan insert spaces between all my numbers and units. 600V is not "600V", it's "600 V". I've seen edits like that before, but I wonder if that's necessary. Yes, I'm aware of [ISO-31](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_31-0), but do we give a damn?
I've posted 1115 answers so far and nobody ever complained that he couldn't read "600V". I think it's unnecessary, and it only bumps the question.
What do others think?
**edit**
Just posted an answer nicely inserting the spaces when I hit upon a problem. I write "4/20 MHz" and it looks like "(4/20) MHz" (200 kHz)or , while I mean "4/(20 MHz)", (200 ns). How do you read "4/20 MHz"? | 2012/06/11 | [
"https://electronics.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/1218",
"https://electronics.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.meta.stackexchange.com/users/2064/"
] | I would consider an edit to place a space between 600 and V a very minor edit. I would consider it too superficial an edit to be worth doing if that is all someone is editing. I would suggest against it but I am not sure someone trying to improve a post, which was technically done here, is something they can feel free to do.
Just suggest to users whom you see do this that they try to save edits for more egregious errors. This is not something that is in itself an issue when done occasionally. This is only a real issue if the edits are flooding the main page with edits.
Do try to remember, this is someone taking their time to try to improve the look of your post. You should take it as them considering your post so valuable that polishing up these minor things are worth it. No one would do that for a poorly explained post. Take this as a compliment, not as someone voting down your post(wait, not a vote down). | I totally agree - it is unnecessary. I have just had a look through 20 - 30 datasheets from 12 manufacturers and in the majority of cases, they don't put spaces between numbers and units.
The results of my (highly unscientific) "statistical analysis" show that whilst Bourns consistently uses spaces, Microchip uses spaces around 50% of the time and most others use spaces from zero to around 20% of the time - *in the same datasheet!*. I would also note that I had never even noticed this before in 30 years in the industry.
So I would suggest that we all have to be able to read values written without spaces ... and one users idea of improving the look of a post will not necessarily extend to *all* users.
*Note to steven - You recently changed the spelling of "modelling" in one of my answers to "modeling". Since I speak EN-GB and not EN-US, I seriously considered changing it back!. In the end I re-worded the entire answer anyway. Just sayin' ;)* |
1,218 | Ok, so I write [this beautiful answer](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/a/33591/2064) ;-), and then comes this hooligan insert spaces between all my numbers and units. 600V is not "600V", it's "600 V". I've seen edits like that before, but I wonder if that's necessary. Yes, I'm aware of [ISO-31](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_31-0), but do we give a damn?
I've posted 1115 answers so far and nobody ever complained that he couldn't read "600V". I think it's unnecessary, and it only bumps the question.
What do others think?
**edit**
Just posted an answer nicely inserting the spaces when I hit upon a problem. I write "4/20 MHz" and it looks like "(4/20) MHz" (200 kHz)or , while I mean "4/(20 MHz)", (200 ns). How do you read "4/20 MHz"? | 2012/06/11 | [
"https://electronics.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/1218",
"https://electronics.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.meta.stackexchange.com/users/2064/"
] | I see nothing wrong with any edit, and more than being pedantic about standards, I really feel the space improves readability.
It has been discussed that a checkbox like "This is a minor edit" might be helpful for such smallish cleanups - if you don't like the question to reappear at the top of the list.
Just one note: I would enjoy spaces to be edited into my answers, but (outside MathJax) please with a non-breaking space (" ") instead of a plain space (" "), because a line break between the number and the unit certainly doesn't improve readability.
Related: <https://electronics.meta.stackexchange.com/a/621/930> | I would consider an edit to place a space between 600 and V a very minor edit. I would consider it too superficial an edit to be worth doing if that is all someone is editing. I would suggest against it but I am not sure someone trying to improve a post, which was technically done here, is something they can feel free to do.
Just suggest to users whom you see do this that they try to save edits for more egregious errors. This is not something that is in itself an issue when done occasionally. This is only a real issue if the edits are flooding the main page with edits.
Do try to remember, this is someone taking their time to try to improve the look of your post. You should take it as them considering your post so valuable that polishing up these minor things are worth it. No one would do that for a poorly explained post. Take this as a compliment, not as someone voting down your post(wait, not a vote down). |
1,218 | Ok, so I write [this beautiful answer](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/a/33591/2064) ;-), and then comes this hooligan insert spaces between all my numbers and units. 600V is not "600V", it's "600 V". I've seen edits like that before, but I wonder if that's necessary. Yes, I'm aware of [ISO-31](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_31-0), but do we give a damn?
I've posted 1115 answers so far and nobody ever complained that he couldn't read "600V". I think it's unnecessary, and it only bumps the question.
What do others think?
**edit**
Just posted an answer nicely inserting the spaces when I hit upon a problem. I write "4/20 MHz" and it looks like "(4/20) MHz" (200 kHz)or , while I mean "4/(20 MHz)", (200 ns). How do you read "4/20 MHz"? | 2012/06/11 | [
"https://electronics.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/1218",
"https://electronics.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.meta.stackexchange.com/users/2064/"
] | I see nothing wrong with any edit, and more than being pedantic about standards, I really feel the space improves readability.
It has been discussed that a checkbox like "This is a minor edit" might be helpful for such smallish cleanups - if you don't like the question to reappear at the top of the list.
Just one note: I would enjoy spaces to be edited into my answers, but (outside MathJax) please with a non-breaking space (" ") instead of a plain space (" "), because a line break between the number and the unit certainly doesn't improve readability.
Related: <https://electronics.meta.stackexchange.com/a/621/930> | I totally agree - it is unnecessary. I have just had a look through 20 - 30 datasheets from 12 manufacturers and in the majority of cases, they don't put spaces between numbers and units.
The results of my (highly unscientific) "statistical analysis" show that whilst Bourns consistently uses spaces, Microchip uses spaces around 50% of the time and most others use spaces from zero to around 20% of the time - *in the same datasheet!*. I would also note that I had never even noticed this before in 30 years in the industry.
So I would suggest that we all have to be able to read values written without spaces ... and one users idea of improving the look of a post will not necessarily extend to *all* users.
*Note to steven - You recently changed the spelling of "modelling" in one of my answers to "modeling". Since I speak EN-GB and not EN-US, I seriously considered changing it back!. In the end I re-worded the entire answer anyway. Just sayin' ;)* |
98,389 | **WARNING:** Spoilers ahead.
>
> In Altered Carbon, Bancroft kills himself by shooting himself in the stack, **I.E:** a bullet to the front of the neck.
>
>
>
From what I understand, if someone *"dies"* and their stack is intact, they could be *"spun back up"*.
He not only killed himself but he also destroyed his stack, meaning it should have *"real killed"* him, **I.E:** dead forever.
Why is it that he was able to come back after he *"died"*, was that *"him"* or was that just a clone of him.
If it was a clone, was it *"him"* or just a *"previous version"* of himself, in other words, could he be held accountable for the actions of his (now dead) clone? | 2019/04/16 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/98389",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/71256/"
] | The *REAL* (or at least "current") Bancroft **did** die but was almost instantly re-sleeved into a cloned body and a backup of his stack on a satellite.
Unfortunately, the backup was missing the last two days of Bancroft's memories which, conveniently for the plot, included his own self-termination.
>
> One of the sticking points of the mystery was the fact that Bancroft was killed with a gun that only himself and his wife, Miriam Bancroft (Kristin Lehman) had access to - leading some to dismiss the death as an attempted suicide.
>
>
> Bancroft, in his arrogance, didn't think it possible that he would ever commit suicide, and in a way he was right. The shooting was not an attempt at real death, but instead merely a way of wiping his memory of a horrible crime, so that he wouldn't have to live with the guilt.
>
>
> [**ScreenRant**](https://screenrant.com/altered-carbon-season-1-finale-twists-spoilers/)
>
>
> | The stack was merely a storage medium - one of the plot points in altered carbon was folks were transmitted as data as a means of interplanetary transport, and the rich (and military) had backups they could restore as needed into sleeves. There's also cases where there's more than one copy - its illegal but both Dimi the Twin and the protagonist have them in various parts of the story.
Pretty much, in the altered carbon universe, death is mostly meaningless - *if* you have money. A blown out stack kills that instance of you if you're too poor for backups, but the rich can back themselves up and pretty much not even worry about a blown out stack. |
78,846 | How can I migrate photos from [Microsoft OneDrive](https://onedrive.live.com/) to [Google Photos](https://photos.google.com/)? Can I do it without having to download all the photos from OneDrive to my desktop and then uploading them to Google Photos? | 2015/06/05 | [
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/questions/78846",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com",
"https://webapps.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | There are several ways including free and paid, but I will show you the free way.
1. Google has announced new Google Photos that works with Google Drive, so you need to make sure that there is a Google Photos folder in your Google Drive.
2. Head to www.multcloud.com and register an account.
3. Confirm the accounts and start linking your cloud services
4. Click Transfer on the header of the website and select the folders you want to transfer. Your destination folder should be Google Photos.
5. Boom! You're done!
Let me know if you caught any issue. | Actually you can **select the individual file by dropdown** eliminating having to use the entire folder unless that is what you are after. |
44,485,095 | when start a project i get this error in android studio
>
> Error:Execution failed for task ':app:processDebugManifest'.
> Manifest merger failed : uses-sdk:minSdkVersion 9 cannot be smaller than version 14 declared in library [com.android.support:appcompat-v7:26.0.0-alpha1] C:\Users\max.android\build-cache\794d310f97f0ec38ea2a53aafb733961774fb930\output\AndroidManifest.xml
> Suggestion: use tools:overrideLibrary="android.support.v7.appcompat" to force usage
>
>
> | 2017/06/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/44485095",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/8105696/"
] | It means that Your project uses library with minimum SDK 14 and in Your app You've set it to 9. Minimum SDK for the main project and libraries should be same. | you can resolve this problem by just changing minSdkVersion from 9 to 14 in build.gradle(Module app) file of your app and then sync the project |
85,967 | The reason I am asking this question is I have pre-ordered a "Switch e-bike Conversion Kit for my new Huffy Rock Creek Mountain Bike that has 29 inch tires. The Swytch system will ship with a replacement 29 inch tire including a front hub mounted motor. If I want to later mount this same Swytch kit on my Giant Sedona that has 26 inch tires at present is there enough space on the Giant Sedona to accomodate the larger 29 inch tire size? | 2022/09/22 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/85967",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/66878/"
] | You cannot just mount a larger tyre, even if you had the clearance. The larger tyres need also need larger rims, that usually means you need complete new wheels.
It is unlikely that a frame for a 26er would have clearance for 29 inch wheels and tyres even if you bought them. Unless it is a 29er Giant Sedona just used with 26 inch wheels, but I consider that unlikely. | I cannot comment on the resulting dynamics and riding quality of such a bicycle, but yes you can (however I feel the question is "if I can, should I?")
You can change the fork on your bike, creating a so called "29/26 frankenbike". With the right fork, the geometry will somehow work, avoiding issues like footstrike on the wheel or (too) awkward riding positions.
In fact, such a set up was considered to be a viable option, there was actually at least one commercial sold bike with this set-up, the Trek 69er. However, there are plenty of exotic commercially sold bikes that looked like a good idea, but they weren't. |
85,967 | The reason I am asking this question is I have pre-ordered a "Switch e-bike Conversion Kit for my new Huffy Rock Creek Mountain Bike that has 29 inch tires. The Swytch system will ship with a replacement 29 inch tire including a front hub mounted motor. If I want to later mount this same Swytch kit on my Giant Sedona that has 26 inch tires at present is there enough space on the Giant Sedona to accomodate the larger 29 inch tire size? | 2022/09/22 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/85967",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/66878/"
] | If they are disk wheels, it may be remotely possible. If not, no, the rim brakes in the wrong location. 29" is much larger than 26". Being the front fork, its possible, but unlikely a 29er will fit (Unless the fork is for a 29er).
You could try putting the existing 29" Huffy wheel on the Sedona . If it fits, then you would likely be good to go with the new wheel (however width of the new wheel and tire might be bigger is its not certain).
If this does not work, you can potentially change the fork to a 29" and "Mullet" the bike (29 front, 26 rear), but the bigger front wheel changes geometry and affects the bikes handling (could be good, bad or indifferent - details require another question), and a fork swap on a MTB is expensive. | I cannot comment on the resulting dynamics and riding quality of such a bicycle, but yes you can (however I feel the question is "if I can, should I?")
You can change the fork on your bike, creating a so called "29/26 frankenbike". With the right fork, the geometry will somehow work, avoiding issues like footstrike on the wheel or (too) awkward riding positions.
In fact, such a set up was considered to be a viable option, there was actually at least one commercial sold bike with this set-up, the Trek 69er. However, there are plenty of exotic commercially sold bikes that looked like a good idea, but they weren't. |
85,967 | The reason I am asking this question is I have pre-ordered a "Switch e-bike Conversion Kit for my new Huffy Rock Creek Mountain Bike that has 29 inch tires. The Swytch system will ship with a replacement 29 inch tire including a front hub mounted motor. If I want to later mount this same Swytch kit on my Giant Sedona that has 26 inch tires at present is there enough space on the Giant Sedona to accomodate the larger 29 inch tire size? | 2022/09/22 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/85967",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/66878/"
] | >
> If I want to later mount this same Swytch kit on my Giant Sedona that has 26 inch tires at present is there enough space on the Giant Sedona to accomodate the larger 29 inch tire size?
>
>
>
Almost certainly not.
The cheapest way to adapt an ebike kit to a 26 inch bike would be to take off the spokes and 29 in rim and rebuild the front wheel with a 26 inch rim and spokes. Though considering the low pricepoint of Swytch kits, it may make sense just to buy another one for the another bike. | I cannot comment on the resulting dynamics and riding quality of such a bicycle, but yes you can (however I feel the question is "if I can, should I?")
You can change the fork on your bike, creating a so called "29/26 frankenbike". With the right fork, the geometry will somehow work, avoiding issues like footstrike on the wheel or (too) awkward riding positions.
In fact, such a set up was considered to be a viable option, there was actually at least one commercial sold bike with this set-up, the Trek 69er. However, there are plenty of exotic commercially sold bikes that looked like a good idea, but they weren't. |
245,615 | I am running a network with a central historically grown firewall system which I would like to replace. Unfortunately the historically grown rule set is a REAL mess, so I would like to do a network analysis from the scratch. Therefore I plan to run sflow on my HP Procurve Switches. I already have it running with ntop but this is unfortunately not the tool of choice in my case.
What I am looking for is a sflow collector which I could use to reengineer my firewall rules. The main goal is to get a grahpical and/or table view of all hosts in the network. What I need to do is to create a complete new rule set for each host in the network, whereby my focus is on the incoming connections from host point of view. The tool should have different filter options like "filter by host", "filter by network", filter by service" etc. Of course I would prefer to use Open Source software but if there is no suitable open source tool for my purpose, I am definitely willing to pay for a commercial tool.
I hope my explanation is not too confusing. :-)
Would be great to get some advices from you guys. The list at sflow.org is a good starting point but unfortunately I don't have the time to try out each tool on the list:
<http://www.sflow.org/products/collectors.php>
Cheers,
Bob | 2011/03/10 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/245615",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/73878/"
] | I've being using [nfdump/nfsen](http://nfdump.sourceforge.net/) and [Scrutinizer](http://www.plixer.com/products/netflow-sflow/scrutinizer-netflow-sflow.php) from Plixer since quite some time now (more nfdump than scrutinizer lately). Both are fantastic tools but they each have it's own "niche" of users.
Nfdump/nfsen is opensource/free-as-cerveza but may be too "geeky" for some users. It's filtering/querying capabilities are extremely powerful (think "tcpdump" filtering syntax but for flows plus aggregation and sorting) but in my opinion it lacks some polishing on the graph-generation/reporting side of the equation (in nfsen). What I love about nfdump is that I'm able to throw some "quick & dirty" command line queries and get the information I need in a format that are ready to feed some python scripts of mine.
On the other side, Scrutinizer (commercial/not-free-as-cerverza) is a fantastic "visual" tool. Great for generating reports and views to share with the not so "geeky" customers I have. It's querying capabilities are great but I have not found a way to via command line extract information from it (mainly because I have not research if Scrutinizer has this capability because this I can accomplish with nfdump).
One last thing. I know first hand that Scrutinizer can consume sFlow data. I know (from what I've read and the configurations options I've seen) that nfdump can consume sFlow data too but I have personally never done it. I've used nfdump only with Netflow v5/v9 data. So my recommendation would be that before committing to nfdump, you should confirm this capability. | Since you are using HP ProCurve switches, I would recommend a tool that supports the [sFlow MIB](http://blog.sflow.com/2009/06/sflow-mib.html) for configuration. [sFlowTrend](http://www.inmon.com/products/sFlowTrend.php) is free and has filtering and reporting capabilities that should give you the data you need. |
100,117 | I have a Dell Poweredge 2850 server and yesterday it died. It seems like motherboard is the culprit.
I'm trying to get a replacement now, but that is where it gets a little bit confusing. If I enter my service tag into Dell Parts Search engine, it gives me a choice of at least 3 motherboard part numbers: Dell Part# HH715, Dell Part# HH719, Dell Part# T7916. On ebay, where I'm planning on buying the replacement MoBo, there's even more variations. I looked at the motherboard itself and I can't seem to find any model number like that on it.
Is there a way to find out motherboard model number? Or should I just get any of the MB models that Dell offers? | 2010/01/06 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/100117",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/28610/"
] | Use the service tag to display the original system configuration. It should have a Dell part number for the mother board and may even have a model number. | Call Dell to get the build sheet on your machine with the Service Tag. They will be able to tell you exactly what you need. The model should be printed on the motherboard. I have seen them printed all over the place, no specific place to look. |
12,391 | Given that 2G is proven to be insecure (broken) at DefCon, is it possible for a Corporate IT department to work with the Telco and ban 2G connections for their devices?
Some cell phones are unable to disable 2G connections or exclusively use 3G, and so I'm trying to shore up this issue with the Telco if possible. | 2012/03/03 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/12391",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/396/"
] | Asking the telco to do this would not solve your problem. The biggest issue with 2G is that the base stations are relatively cheap (approx. £600; this is from someone who gave a talk at [Over The Air](http://overtheair.org/)) and, loaded with [OpenBTS](http://openbts.sourceforge.net/), can allow an attacker to set up a nefarious 2G base station wherever they want. Unless you can lock the phone down to only use 3G, or to only use certain base stations, you have a problem.
Here is a rather good video from Chaos Computer Club Congress which explains a lot of the details of how mobile phone networks work (I've been to other talks where they've demonstrated 2G highjacking with an OpenBTS base station). It can get very technical (and there are a grotesque number of acronyms) but may help with anything mobile.
<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=759Ftfe2TUM> | The only real solution IMO would to be replace the devices with encrypted ones that encrypt ALL communications.
check out:
<http://www.dpl-surveillance-equipment.com/100602.html>
<http://www.endoacustica.com/scramblers_en.htm>
<http://www.global-teck.com/english/telecomproducts>
This site has info on blackberry and windows mobile encryption software for voice, text, and data. This may be the way to go.
The only drawbacks are expense and both parties in conversation will need to be compatable with each other. |
151,347 | This is a question regarding Ocado Group, the British grocery and technology company.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UnwJy.png)
When the word "ocado" is searched at adr.com there is one listing and it is for the symbol OCDDY. At the item "ratio (DR/underlying)" is "1:2" meaning 1 depositary receipt for every 2 of the underlying shares which have the symbol OCDO. The price of OCDO.L (at Yahoo Finance) is about 8.29 GBP and with an exchange rate of about 1.2086 we get a price of 10.02 USD. Two of these shares would be worth 20.04 USD. The quote for OCDDY is 20.44 USD which is similar to 20.04 USD.
What is OCDGF (at Yahoo Finance) ? Note that OCDGF is less liquid and traded only 394 shares yesterday and has a price similar to a single share of OCDO.L. OCDGF traded at 9.13 USD yesterday which is a day when OCDO.L closed at 7.84 GBP which was approximately 9.47 USD yesterday.
Why does the USD market have both a depositary receipt worth 2 shares of the underlying and another security that also seems to be the underlying OCDO.L ? In other words, what is OCDGF at Yahoo Finance ? | 2022/06/15 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/151347",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/79471/"
] | OCDGF is an "F share" (the 5-letter ticker ends with "F"). US broker-dealers created this ticker to provide US investors with quotes of Ocado in US dollars instead of British Pounds. OCDGF trades on the US over-the-counter stock market. It represents US over-the-counter market quotes of Ocado's London Stock Exchange shares. More details about F shares: [FAQ on F Shares - OTC Markets](https://otc-backend-dev.s3.amazonaws.com/files/FAQ-F-Shares-1513647166343.pdf) | According to my (paid for so I can't share much info) market data provider OCDGF is OCADO group shares traded OTC (over the counter - not on a market) in the US. The OTC market in the US is known as the "pink sheets" so more information can be found by looking up OTC markets or "pink sheets" here or on a search engine. Essentially it is the OCADO shares traded OTC in USD in the US. |
6,134,731 | Does any one know what is the max file size we can upload to a server from an iPhone app?
I could easily upload a file with size upto 10 MB but app start giving unpredictable results in uploading a video beyond this size.
Any help is much appreciated. | 2011/05/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6134731",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/193545/"
] | In general there would not be any limits on the file size from the iPhones side of view. However you might have limitations imposed on you from the server side, e.g max disk quota, etc.
You will have to implement the upload in chunks or streamed as the iPhone is limited in memory. | If you upload end read the file from disk in chucks, the limiting factor will be the server and you internet connection.
I don't think that there is a hard limit to the upload. |
6,134,731 | Does any one know what is the max file size we can upload to a server from an iPhone app?
I could easily upload a file with size upto 10 MB but app start giving unpredictable results in uploading a video beyond this size.
Any help is much appreciated. | 2011/05/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6134731",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/193545/"
] | In general there would not be any limits on the file size from the iPhones side of view. However you might have limitations imposed on you from the server side, e.g max disk quota, etc.
You will have to implement the upload in chunks or streamed as the iPhone is limited in memory. | AFAIK, there's no limit. Just make sure that the server that you're sending the data to is configured to accept it. |
93,982 | I've just booked a flight from Canada on Air France for myself and another person, on the same reservation. We have frequent flyer memberships with different programs (Delta Skymiles, Aeroflot Bonus). Both programs are from Air France partners. I booked directly on the Air France website.
When trying to add our frequent flyer numbers on the Air France website, it did not accept the numbers for some reason (no error message, numbers just are not being added).
When I called the airline, the phone agent informed me that **they can't add numbers from two different frequent flyer programs to the same reservation**. This seems really strange to me - I've never heard of such a restriction with any other airline before.
So:
* Is this a real restriction?
* If so, where is it documented?
* If not, is there an official source somewhere that says it's ok to do this, i.e. to have two different frequent flyer programs for two different passengers on the same reservation? (I.e. some official document that I could point an airport agent to?) | 2017/05/26 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/93982",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/13320/"
] | Of course multiple people on the same booking can credit to different frequent flyer programmes. Here's a test booking on Air France:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/9LfbO.png) | It is at most a technical limitation in the system.
Frequent flyer miles are given to the person *physically flying*, not who paid the flight or who owns the credit card or *who made the booking*, so the common booking is of no impact.
The easiest way is at check-in, each one have the agent enter his/her respective frequent flier number. You could even do it after check-in, behind security (when you typically have a lot of time left), at the service counters. |
52,321 | Normally, there is a mechanic button at the end of the RESET SW pins on the mainboard. Now, I like to create a way to electronically trigger the reset function of my mainboard from another computer. What is the most simple way to do this? I have no knowledge about electronics but I have programming skills, e.g., I could code something for Arduino. That is, I'm only interested in the electronics layer. Would it be possible to do this via a transistor or is there another element which is mores suitable for this purpose (e.g., relay?)
Thanks a lot for your help! | 2012/12/27 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/52321",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/17291/"
] | Use a relay. The normally open contact of the relay is wired accross (in parallel with) the existing pushbutton. When the relay is engergized, it will be indistiguishable to the mainboard from the pushbutton pressed. Since the relay provides isolation, you don't have to worry about ground loops, ground offsets, and the like.
There surely must be lots out there on how to drive a relay from a digital output. This can easily be done with a NPN transistor, a base resistor, and a diode accross the relay coil. If you can't find this after a little looking around, let me know and I can get into more detail. I'm pretty sure I've answered that question several times here alone, but it's often difficult to find previous answers.
Added:
------
I found one place where I answered how to drive a relay from a digital output [here](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/a/51746/4512). In this example the power supply happened to be 12V. It can be any value as long as it matches what the relay wants to turn on. Relays are available in a variety of coil voltages, like 5V, 12V, 24V, and many others. If you have a 5V or 12V supply it will be easy to find a small relay to do what you want. | If you are talking about the reset button on your computer, it is normally a simple normal-open push button.
To trigger it from a microcontroller, you can use a simple mechanical relay or a transistor or a mosfet. If you want better isolation, a optocoupler. All of these can be triggered by a digital pin write on a arduino. |
19,872 | I have a Malamute puppy 4.5 months old. He goes to puppy school regularly, mixes well with other dogs and has learnt a pretty good range of commands, however, we are having a major issue with him becoming extremely aggressive over "stolen" food.
We keep him out of the kitchen, but accidents happen and he sneaks his way in sometimes. As soon as he gets in, he makes a beeline for the rubbish bin and starts tearing into anything he can get his teeth into. Any attempt to remove him results in a lot of growling and some pretty nasty bites if he manages to get an arm or a hand. This evening he got my hand hard enough to soak a kitchen towel with blood.
He is a lovely dog all other times except when he manages to steal some human food.
All training I'm doing is food reward based, mostly using small biscuits and pieces of sausage, and aside from cheekily trying to sneak extra when I'm not looking, he waits patiently for his rewards and I can retrieve a stolen pot easily in this context, he just seems to lose his head over people food.
In an effort to try to fix it, I've returned to hand feeding him all his meals and have started some simple boundary training but it is still early days and every slip feels like a huge step backwards. Apart from training rewards, all his feeding is done outside and he goes outside whilst we eat.
I would really like some help with how I can address this aggression over the trash. | 2018/03/07 | [
"https://pets.stackexchange.com/questions/19872",
"https://pets.stackexchange.com",
"https://pets.stackexchange.com/users/11364/"
] | When a dog shows aggression to protect his food, it can be a serious issue. Not only is there the danger of other dogs or humans in the house being bitten, but over time it can lead to the dog becoming possessive over everything.
In a dog pack, the alpha dogs always eat first after a successful hunt, and then the other dogs get what’s left according to their pack position.
For an alpha dog, showing food aggression is a form of dominance, but for dogs with a lower pack position, it can be a sign of anxiety or fearfulness. Remember, in the wild, dogs never know where or when their next meal will be, so it’s very instinctual for them to gobble up whatever food there is whenever they have it — and to protect it from anything that approaches.
Also assess your dog’s overall confidence and behavior. If he is naturally a dominant dog, then you will need to assert yourself as the Pack Leader in a calm and assertive way. On the other hand, if he is timid or fearful, you will need to build up his confidence and teach him that his food is safe with humans around.
For severe cases, start off by consulting a professional until you can get the dog down to a moderate level.
If the source of your dog’s aggression is fear or anxiety over when the next meal is coming, then be sure that you are feeding your dog at the same times every single day.
Dogs have a very good internal clock, and with consistency, they quickly learn how to tell when it’s time to get up, time to go for a walk, or time for the people to come home. Mealtime should be no different. Be regular in feeding to take away the anxiety.
Before you even begin to prepare your dog’s food, make her sit or lie down and stay, preferably just outside of the room you feed her in. Train her to stay even after you’ve set the bowl down and, once the bowl is down, stand close to it as you release her from the stay and she begins eating, at which point you can then move away.
Always feed your dog after the walk, never before. This fulfills his instinct to hunt for food, so he’ll feel like he’s earned it when you come home. Also, exercising a dog after he eats can be dangerous, even leading to life-threatening conditions like bloat.
Pack leaders eat first
Remember, when a wild pack has a successful hunt, the alpha dogs eat first, before everyone else, and it should be no different in a human/dog pack.
Never feed your dog before or while the humans are eating. Humans eat first and then, when they’re finished, the dogs eat. This will reinforce your status as the Pack Leader.
“Win” the bowl
Food aggression can actually be made worse if you back away from the bowl, because that’s what your dog wants. For every time that you do walk away when the dog is showing food aggression, the dog “wins.” The reward is the food and this just reinforces the aggression.
Of course, you don’t want to come in aggressively yourself, especially with moderate to severe food aggression, because that is a good way to get bitten. However, you can recondition the dog until she learns that she wins when she lets you come near her while eating.
Here are some of the techniques you can use:
Hand feeding: Start your dog’s meal by giving him food by hand, and use your hands to put the food in the bowl, which will give it your scent. The goal is to get your dog used to eating while your hands are around his face, and to have no aggressive reaction if you stick your hands in or near the bowl while he’s eating.
Treat tossing: Drop your dog’s favorite treats into the bowl while she’s eating so she’ll learn that people approaching the bowl is a good thing and not a threat. You can also put treats into the bowl when you walk near it and she’s not eating. This reinforces the connection in your dog’s mind that people near her bowl is good.
“Trade-Up”: When your dog is eating their regular food, approach them with something better, like meat or a special treat. The goal here is to get your dog to stop eating their food to take the treat from you. This teaches your dog several things. One is that no one is going to steal his food if he looks away from it. The other is that removing his attention from his food when people come around leads to a reward.
The key, is to be calm, assertive, and consistent. | First of all that's completely normal. We've had it too, although less aggressive.
* Your basic steps sound fine already.
* Whenever the dog hurts you - no matter whether it actually hurts or not, blood or no blood - make a high pitched noise, take a step back, and show the dog the wound. If the dog is healthy, you both have the proper vaccinations, and it's just a scratch, let it also treat the wound. More sooner than later the dog will make the connection.
* Get some bigger treats the dog likes but takes some time to eat. Give it the dog, a moment later take it again, look at it, give it back. Keep repeating. Over time the dog will learn that you'll give the treat back, so there's no need to be overprotective. |
2,354 | Is there a way to view animated GIFs on an Android device? I searched the Market without success. | 2010/10/22 | [
"https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/2354",
"https://android.stackexchange.com",
"https://android.stackexchange.com/users/60/"
] | A Google [search](http://www.google.com/search?q=android+animated+gif) shows me a lot of people have this question...looks like it's still an issue.
Although one post [here](http://androidforums.com/g1-support/5781-animated-gifs.html) says [Image Viewer (with animation)](http://www.androlib.com/android.application.com-ideal-imageviewer-EzCz.aspx) v1.0 from Androlib.com helped (I have not tried it). | Why don't you try [Animated Gif Player](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=de.wildcard.animatedgif.player)? |
2,354 | Is there a way to view animated GIFs on an Android device? I searched the Market without success. | 2010/10/22 | [
"https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/2354",
"https://android.stackexchange.com",
"https://android.stackexchange.com/users/60/"
] | The Android browser will, but the image would have to be online somewhere. There's no way that I've found to open a local file in the browser. I *suppose* you could create an HTML file with the image and view it that way, but it seems a lot of hassle for little reward. | The only app I've got that is able to run .gif files is [Fast Image Viewer Free](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.tdfsoftware.fivfree). |
2,354 | Is there a way to view animated GIFs on an Android device? I searched the Market without success. | 2010/10/22 | [
"https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/2354",
"https://android.stackexchange.com",
"https://android.stackexchange.com/users/60/"
] | A Google [search](http://www.google.com/search?q=android+animated+gif) shows me a lot of people have this question...looks like it's still an issue.
Although one post [here](http://androidforums.com/g1-support/5781-animated-gifs.html) says [Image Viewer (with animation)](http://www.androlib.com/android.application.com-ideal-imageviewer-EzCz.aspx) v1.0 from Androlib.com helped (I have not tried it). | Navigate to the location where the gif files are in Astro and open using Astro File manager.
Tried on Jelly Beans. |
2,354 | Is there a way to view animated GIFs on an Android device? I searched the Market without success. | 2010/10/22 | [
"https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/2354",
"https://android.stackexchange.com",
"https://android.stackexchange.com/users/60/"
] | You can use [ES File Explorer](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.estrongs.android.pop). It provides a feature called ES Image Viewer which can load any GIF image, including animated GIFs.
Where to find it:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/NUOum.png)
"ES Image Browser" is the only one in the above list that plays animated GIFs (I also have jrummy's Root Browser installed). | Navigate to the location where the gif files are in Astro and open using Astro File manager.
Tried on Jelly Beans. |
2,354 | Is there a way to view animated GIFs on an Android device? I searched the Market without success. | 2010/10/22 | [
"https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/2354",
"https://android.stackexchange.com",
"https://android.stackexchange.com/users/60/"
] | I had this issue and couldnt find a quick fix in google. Played around and found that Andriod compresses images when sending MMS, so it breaks the GIF. But, if your GIF is under about 1MB, it will send. Iphone will auto play, andriod you have to click. the biggest one i tested was 666KB.
Your welcome internet | The only app I've got that is able to run .gif files is [Fast Image Viewer Free](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.tdfsoftware.fivfree). |
2,354 | Is there a way to view animated GIFs on an Android device? I searched the Market without success. | 2010/10/22 | [
"https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/2354",
"https://android.stackexchange.com",
"https://android.stackexchange.com/users/60/"
] | A Google [search](http://www.google.com/search?q=android+animated+gif) shows me a lot of people have this question...looks like it's still an issue.
Although one post [here](http://androidforums.com/g1-support/5781-animated-gifs.html) says [Image Viewer (with animation)](http://www.androlib.com/android.application.com-ideal-imageviewer-EzCz.aspx) v1.0 from Androlib.com helped (I have not tried it). | The Android browser will, but the image would have to be online somewhere. There's no way that I've found to open a local file in the browser. I *suppose* you could create an HTML file with the image and view it that way, but it seems a lot of hassle for little reward. |
6,336 | We are trying to generate an initial estimate to see if a project is viable. The problem is that the project involves configuring and customising an open source product that the development team have no experience with.
In fact the customer requires a large amount of custom integration. At the moment the developers say they cannot imagine how they would go about implementing some of the features (or if they are even going to be possible) and would like time to research, but at this stage there is no budget to allow for this.
What is the best approach to estimating/planning a project of this nature? | 2012/08/20 | [
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/6336",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/users/2156/"
] | In order to do the estimate, and the work, you need the capability to do so. You need the right materials and people--those with the requisite knowledge, skills, and experience--in order to have an acceptable amount of risk and to do right by the client. No customer deserves to spend its dollars for a product it wants to a seller of services who are experimenting and learning, unless that customer is pursuing cutting or bleeding edge stuff and everyone is experimenting and learning.
If you don't have the capability resident, you need to buy it. Then do the estimating as you would normally do. If that is not possible, then the answer is, the project is not viable. Keep your client in the long term and let them hire a more capable firm for this gig.
EDIT to Rob Bird's comment: Rob, I can see a scenario where a customer may want a specific vendor no matter what, simply because of history and trust. Under a scenario like this, a postive and constructive approach I may try, if I were in your shoes, would to be 100% upfront with my client, letting them know you are cutting into an area that is new, and approach the work under a shared risk contract in some way, e.g., a fixed fee with discounted T&M cost rates. This would allow the relationship to continue, open honest communication that there is more risk than one might want, shared investment so that you and your team can build capability, and with some luck a shared win when it is all said and done.
Get them to the table, tell them your troubles framed that you are protecting their interests, and see where it goes. There's a solution to everything...just have to find it. | Actually, if **the team doesn't have the budget now, they'll run out of budget later on, that is for sure**. You'll need to invest some time (money) into the prototyping in order to get better estimates or ideas on how the integration will go.
If I were you I would give the team strictly three days - **timeboxing** - to investigate the product you are referring to. During these days they are not allowed to work on something else and interact with the world (no emails, no interruptions). The goal must be to create a [*spike* from XP](http://www.extremeprogramming.org/rules/spike.html) and have a plan on how to do the integration. (*an XP approach*)
If you really are not in the position to spend money on investigation, **try to find a similar situation from the past of the team and use that data to do the estimation**. It may not work, but it is more than nothing. Look for the worst case scenario and use that number. Let's say that your team did several integration projects in the past, and the longest one was 5 months. Use the 5 months. (*distribution of lead times approach from Kanban*)
You can also try **an iterative approach or Scrum**: find a small set of features which you can investigate and deliver. It won't tell you much about the end of the project, but you'll know it better after each sprint or iteration. (*an Agile approach*) |
6,336 | We are trying to generate an initial estimate to see if a project is viable. The problem is that the project involves configuring and customising an open source product that the development team have no experience with.
In fact the customer requires a large amount of custom integration. At the moment the developers say they cannot imagine how they would go about implementing some of the features (or if they are even going to be possible) and would like time to research, but at this stage there is no budget to allow for this.
What is the best approach to estimating/planning a project of this nature? | 2012/08/20 | [
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/6336",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/users/2156/"
] | Actually, if **the team doesn't have the budget now, they'll run out of budget later on, that is for sure**. You'll need to invest some time (money) into the prototyping in order to get better estimates or ideas on how the integration will go.
If I were you I would give the team strictly three days - **timeboxing** - to investigate the product you are referring to. During these days they are not allowed to work on something else and interact with the world (no emails, no interruptions). The goal must be to create a [*spike* from XP](http://www.extremeprogramming.org/rules/spike.html) and have a plan on how to do the integration. (*an XP approach*)
If you really are not in the position to spend money on investigation, **try to find a similar situation from the past of the team and use that data to do the estimation**. It may not work, but it is more than nothing. Look for the worst case scenario and use that number. Let's say that your team did several integration projects in the past, and the longest one was 5 months. Use the 5 months. (*distribution of lead times approach from Kanban*)
You can also try **an iterative approach or Scrum**: find a small set of features which you can investigate and deliver. It won't tell you much about the end of the project, but you'll know it better after each sprint or iteration. (*an Agile approach*) | As mentioned before, you will have to invest the time and money to either build or buy the knowledge to be able to give a professional estimate.
Additionally, since it is about an open source tool, you could try and ask the **community** of this tool, if it exists, for some actuals. But I would be very very cautious and try to be as detailed as possible (split it up in technical tasks, by module, ...) and get as much additional info as possible, like years experience, industry, environment, ... |
6,336 | We are trying to generate an initial estimate to see if a project is viable. The problem is that the project involves configuring and customising an open source product that the development team have no experience with.
In fact the customer requires a large amount of custom integration. At the moment the developers say they cannot imagine how they would go about implementing some of the features (or if they are even going to be possible) and would like time to research, but at this stage there is no budget to allow for this.
What is the best approach to estimating/planning a project of this nature? | 2012/08/20 | [
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/6336",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/users/2156/"
] | Actually, if **the team doesn't have the budget now, they'll run out of budget later on, that is for sure**. You'll need to invest some time (money) into the prototyping in order to get better estimates or ideas on how the integration will go.
If I were you I would give the team strictly three days - **timeboxing** - to investigate the product you are referring to. During these days they are not allowed to work on something else and interact with the world (no emails, no interruptions). The goal must be to create a [*spike* from XP](http://www.extremeprogramming.org/rules/spike.html) and have a plan on how to do the integration. (*an XP approach*)
If you really are not in the position to spend money on investigation, **try to find a similar situation from the past of the team and use that data to do the estimation**. It may not work, but it is more than nothing. Look for the worst case scenario and use that number. Let's say that your team did several integration projects in the past, and the longest one was 5 months. Use the 5 months. (*distribution of lead times approach from Kanban*)
You can also try **an iterative approach or Scrum**: find a small set of features which you can investigate and deliver. It won't tell you much about the end of the project, but you'll know it better after each sprint or iteration. (*an Agile approach*) | ### Value Transparency
If you have a customer that is asking for an estimate, regardless of your estimating process it should be *transparent*. In other words, whether you're spiking a solution, using historical data, or taking a wild guess, your estimation methodology should be clear to everyone on the team, as well as the Product Owner and the customer.
### Estimates Aren't Commitments
Most agile practitioners will recommend that you treat [estimates differently than commitments](http://www.mountaingoatsoftware.com/blog/separate-estimating-from-committing). If you're being asked for a commitment, that's a red flag. Instead, you should estimate by whatever transparent method you can, and then have the project *fail early* if it turns out that the project can't get where it needs to go.
### Use Iteration to Limit Uncertainty
You stated that:
>
> At the moment the developers say they cannot imagine how they would go about implementing some of the features (or if they are even going to be possible)
>
>
>
In other words, your [cone of uncertainty](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cone_of_Uncertainty) for the project as a whole currently approaches infinity. One approach is to estimate a small feature set where the cone of uncertainty is smaller, and then refactor the project estimates, epics, and user stories after each iteration when more is known about the project and its fundamentals.
This is essentially an exploratory approach, but can be viable if the project doesn't allow time for a [spike](http://www.extremeprogramming.org/rules/spike.html) as input to the estimating process. The spike will still need to happen, but will take place within a sprint rather than in preparation for Sprint Planning.
This kind of iterative development will allow the project to fail early when necessary, or to maximize earned value by building only the features that can be built in a cost-effective and timely fashion during the project life-cycle.
### Get a Prioritized List
In order to do most of these things, the customer needs to provide the Product Owner with guidance on what's truly essential so that the Product Owner can prioritize a backlog. Once that happens, you can estimate a few of the top stories, rather than the entire product backlog. This is yet another way to limit the cone of uncertainty around your project.
If feature-by-feature delivery holds no value for the customer (e.g. the final product truly has zero earned value unless the entire project is 100% feature-complete) then the customer needs a measure-twice, cut-once methodology that emphasizes detailed planning and work breakdown structures. It may not make their project any more successful, but such a project isn't a good candidate for an iterative approach anyway.
Of course, that said, very few IT projects actually require 100% feature completion. That's *why* agile projects attempt to make each iteration potentially-shippable: so that the project can be terminated whenever enough value has been realized that further development is not cost-effective.
### Root Cause Analysis
All the foregoing is really a way to manage problems that shouldn't exist at the level that it appears to exist in your individual circumstance. In this case, it *appears* that the problem is caused by faulty communication with the client about process, capabilities, or cost.
If you are in a position to fix the faulty client communications, then you should certainly do so. If you are not, then your professional responsibility is simply to identify the risk to your management team and let them be responsible for the success or failure of the process--they are anyway; it says so in their job descriptions. |
6,336 | We are trying to generate an initial estimate to see if a project is viable. The problem is that the project involves configuring and customising an open source product that the development team have no experience with.
In fact the customer requires a large amount of custom integration. At the moment the developers say they cannot imagine how they would go about implementing some of the features (or if they are even going to be possible) and would like time to research, but at this stage there is no budget to allow for this.
What is the best approach to estimating/planning a project of this nature? | 2012/08/20 | [
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/6336",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/users/2156/"
] | In order to do the estimate, and the work, you need the capability to do so. You need the right materials and people--those with the requisite knowledge, skills, and experience--in order to have an acceptable amount of risk and to do right by the client. No customer deserves to spend its dollars for a product it wants to a seller of services who are experimenting and learning, unless that customer is pursuing cutting or bleeding edge stuff and everyone is experimenting and learning.
If you don't have the capability resident, you need to buy it. Then do the estimating as you would normally do. If that is not possible, then the answer is, the project is not viable. Keep your client in the long term and let them hire a more capable firm for this gig.
EDIT to Rob Bird's comment: Rob, I can see a scenario where a customer may want a specific vendor no matter what, simply because of history and trust. Under a scenario like this, a postive and constructive approach I may try, if I were in your shoes, would to be 100% upfront with my client, letting them know you are cutting into an area that is new, and approach the work under a shared risk contract in some way, e.g., a fixed fee with discounted T&M cost rates. This would allow the relationship to continue, open honest communication that there is more risk than one might want, shared investment so that you and your team can build capability, and with some luck a shared win when it is all said and done.
Get them to the table, tell them your troubles framed that you are protecting their interests, and see where it goes. There's a solution to everything...just have to find it. | some suggestions for this.
* give the develpers some time, say 2 days, to do some invesigation on
the open source tool, or some prototypes for the tool is much more
better. This will help the devlopers to understand the open source
tool and have a basic sense on what problem may be met in the
future.
* Give a rough estimation after the develpers invesgitation.
Reserve some buffer for risks
* Split the tasks and set the milestones for your project. If you use the Scrum model, it could be more better, you should pay more effort on the retrospective meeting, which will help you to summarize the experience and identify the problems and block issues in current Sprint.
* Re-schedule after each Sprint according the feedbacks of develpers and testers
Factually , this is the practice I was doing when I faced the similar situation with you.
Hope this can help you . :) |
6,336 | We are trying to generate an initial estimate to see if a project is viable. The problem is that the project involves configuring and customising an open source product that the development team have no experience with.
In fact the customer requires a large amount of custom integration. At the moment the developers say they cannot imagine how they would go about implementing some of the features (or if they are even going to be possible) and would like time to research, but at this stage there is no budget to allow for this.
What is the best approach to estimating/planning a project of this nature? | 2012/08/20 | [
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/6336",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/users/2156/"
] | In order to do the estimate, and the work, you need the capability to do so. You need the right materials and people--those with the requisite knowledge, skills, and experience--in order to have an acceptable amount of risk and to do right by the client. No customer deserves to spend its dollars for a product it wants to a seller of services who are experimenting and learning, unless that customer is pursuing cutting or bleeding edge stuff and everyone is experimenting and learning.
If you don't have the capability resident, you need to buy it. Then do the estimating as you would normally do. If that is not possible, then the answer is, the project is not viable. Keep your client in the long term and let them hire a more capable firm for this gig.
EDIT to Rob Bird's comment: Rob, I can see a scenario where a customer may want a specific vendor no matter what, simply because of history and trust. Under a scenario like this, a postive and constructive approach I may try, if I were in your shoes, would to be 100% upfront with my client, letting them know you are cutting into an area that is new, and approach the work under a shared risk contract in some way, e.g., a fixed fee with discounted T&M cost rates. This would allow the relationship to continue, open honest communication that there is more risk than one might want, shared investment so that you and your team can build capability, and with some luck a shared win when it is all said and done.
Get them to the table, tell them your troubles framed that you are protecting their interests, and see where it goes. There's a solution to everything...just have to find it. | As mentioned before, you will have to invest the time and money to either build or buy the knowledge to be able to give a professional estimate.
Additionally, since it is about an open source tool, you could try and ask the **community** of this tool, if it exists, for some actuals. But I would be very very cautious and try to be as detailed as possible (split it up in technical tasks, by module, ...) and get as much additional info as possible, like years experience, industry, environment, ... |
6,336 | We are trying to generate an initial estimate to see if a project is viable. The problem is that the project involves configuring and customising an open source product that the development team have no experience with.
In fact the customer requires a large amount of custom integration. At the moment the developers say they cannot imagine how they would go about implementing some of the features (or if they are even going to be possible) and would like time to research, but at this stage there is no budget to allow for this.
What is the best approach to estimating/planning a project of this nature? | 2012/08/20 | [
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/6336",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/users/2156/"
] | In order to do the estimate, and the work, you need the capability to do so. You need the right materials and people--those with the requisite knowledge, skills, and experience--in order to have an acceptable amount of risk and to do right by the client. No customer deserves to spend its dollars for a product it wants to a seller of services who are experimenting and learning, unless that customer is pursuing cutting or bleeding edge stuff and everyone is experimenting and learning.
If you don't have the capability resident, you need to buy it. Then do the estimating as you would normally do. If that is not possible, then the answer is, the project is not viable. Keep your client in the long term and let them hire a more capable firm for this gig.
EDIT to Rob Bird's comment: Rob, I can see a scenario where a customer may want a specific vendor no matter what, simply because of history and trust. Under a scenario like this, a postive and constructive approach I may try, if I were in your shoes, would to be 100% upfront with my client, letting them know you are cutting into an area that is new, and approach the work under a shared risk contract in some way, e.g., a fixed fee with discounted T&M cost rates. This would allow the relationship to continue, open honest communication that there is more risk than one might want, shared investment so that you and your team can build capability, and with some luck a shared win when it is all said and done.
Get them to the table, tell them your troubles framed that you are protecting their interests, and see where it goes. There's a solution to everything...just have to find it. | ### Value Transparency
If you have a customer that is asking for an estimate, regardless of your estimating process it should be *transparent*. In other words, whether you're spiking a solution, using historical data, or taking a wild guess, your estimation methodology should be clear to everyone on the team, as well as the Product Owner and the customer.
### Estimates Aren't Commitments
Most agile practitioners will recommend that you treat [estimates differently than commitments](http://www.mountaingoatsoftware.com/blog/separate-estimating-from-committing). If you're being asked for a commitment, that's a red flag. Instead, you should estimate by whatever transparent method you can, and then have the project *fail early* if it turns out that the project can't get where it needs to go.
### Use Iteration to Limit Uncertainty
You stated that:
>
> At the moment the developers say they cannot imagine how they would go about implementing some of the features (or if they are even going to be possible)
>
>
>
In other words, your [cone of uncertainty](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cone_of_Uncertainty) for the project as a whole currently approaches infinity. One approach is to estimate a small feature set where the cone of uncertainty is smaller, and then refactor the project estimates, epics, and user stories after each iteration when more is known about the project and its fundamentals.
This is essentially an exploratory approach, but can be viable if the project doesn't allow time for a [spike](http://www.extremeprogramming.org/rules/spike.html) as input to the estimating process. The spike will still need to happen, but will take place within a sprint rather than in preparation for Sprint Planning.
This kind of iterative development will allow the project to fail early when necessary, or to maximize earned value by building only the features that can be built in a cost-effective and timely fashion during the project life-cycle.
### Get a Prioritized List
In order to do most of these things, the customer needs to provide the Product Owner with guidance on what's truly essential so that the Product Owner can prioritize a backlog. Once that happens, you can estimate a few of the top stories, rather than the entire product backlog. This is yet another way to limit the cone of uncertainty around your project.
If feature-by-feature delivery holds no value for the customer (e.g. the final product truly has zero earned value unless the entire project is 100% feature-complete) then the customer needs a measure-twice, cut-once methodology that emphasizes detailed planning and work breakdown structures. It may not make their project any more successful, but such a project isn't a good candidate for an iterative approach anyway.
Of course, that said, very few IT projects actually require 100% feature completion. That's *why* agile projects attempt to make each iteration potentially-shippable: so that the project can be terminated whenever enough value has been realized that further development is not cost-effective.
### Root Cause Analysis
All the foregoing is really a way to manage problems that shouldn't exist at the level that it appears to exist in your individual circumstance. In this case, it *appears* that the problem is caused by faulty communication with the client about process, capabilities, or cost.
If you are in a position to fix the faulty client communications, then you should certainly do so. If you are not, then your professional responsibility is simply to identify the risk to your management team and let them be responsible for the success or failure of the process--they are anyway; it says so in their job descriptions. |
6,336 | We are trying to generate an initial estimate to see if a project is viable. The problem is that the project involves configuring and customising an open source product that the development team have no experience with.
In fact the customer requires a large amount of custom integration. At the moment the developers say they cannot imagine how they would go about implementing some of the features (or if they are even going to be possible) and would like time to research, but at this stage there is no budget to allow for this.
What is the best approach to estimating/planning a project of this nature? | 2012/08/20 | [
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/6336",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/users/2156/"
] | some suggestions for this.
* give the develpers some time, say 2 days, to do some invesigation on
the open source tool, or some prototypes for the tool is much more
better. This will help the devlopers to understand the open source
tool and have a basic sense on what problem may be met in the
future.
* Give a rough estimation after the develpers invesgitation.
Reserve some buffer for risks
* Split the tasks and set the milestones for your project. If you use the Scrum model, it could be more better, you should pay more effort on the retrospective meeting, which will help you to summarize the experience and identify the problems and block issues in current Sprint.
* Re-schedule after each Sprint according the feedbacks of develpers and testers
Factually , this is the practice I was doing when I faced the similar situation with you.
Hope this can help you . :) | As mentioned before, you will have to invest the time and money to either build or buy the knowledge to be able to give a professional estimate.
Additionally, since it is about an open source tool, you could try and ask the **community** of this tool, if it exists, for some actuals. But I would be very very cautious and try to be as detailed as possible (split it up in technical tasks, by module, ...) and get as much additional info as possible, like years experience, industry, environment, ... |
6,336 | We are trying to generate an initial estimate to see if a project is viable. The problem is that the project involves configuring and customising an open source product that the development team have no experience with.
In fact the customer requires a large amount of custom integration. At the moment the developers say they cannot imagine how they would go about implementing some of the features (or if they are even going to be possible) and would like time to research, but at this stage there is no budget to allow for this.
What is the best approach to estimating/planning a project of this nature? | 2012/08/20 | [
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/questions/6336",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com",
"https://pm.stackexchange.com/users/2156/"
] | some suggestions for this.
* give the develpers some time, say 2 days, to do some invesigation on
the open source tool, or some prototypes for the tool is much more
better. This will help the devlopers to understand the open source
tool and have a basic sense on what problem may be met in the
future.
* Give a rough estimation after the develpers invesgitation.
Reserve some buffer for risks
* Split the tasks and set the milestones for your project. If you use the Scrum model, it could be more better, you should pay more effort on the retrospective meeting, which will help you to summarize the experience and identify the problems and block issues in current Sprint.
* Re-schedule after each Sprint according the feedbacks of develpers and testers
Factually , this is the practice I was doing when I faced the similar situation with you.
Hope this can help you . :) | ### Value Transparency
If you have a customer that is asking for an estimate, regardless of your estimating process it should be *transparent*. In other words, whether you're spiking a solution, using historical data, or taking a wild guess, your estimation methodology should be clear to everyone on the team, as well as the Product Owner and the customer.
### Estimates Aren't Commitments
Most agile practitioners will recommend that you treat [estimates differently than commitments](http://www.mountaingoatsoftware.com/blog/separate-estimating-from-committing). If you're being asked for a commitment, that's a red flag. Instead, you should estimate by whatever transparent method you can, and then have the project *fail early* if it turns out that the project can't get where it needs to go.
### Use Iteration to Limit Uncertainty
You stated that:
>
> At the moment the developers say they cannot imagine how they would go about implementing some of the features (or if they are even going to be possible)
>
>
>
In other words, your [cone of uncertainty](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cone_of_Uncertainty) for the project as a whole currently approaches infinity. One approach is to estimate a small feature set where the cone of uncertainty is smaller, and then refactor the project estimates, epics, and user stories after each iteration when more is known about the project and its fundamentals.
This is essentially an exploratory approach, but can be viable if the project doesn't allow time for a [spike](http://www.extremeprogramming.org/rules/spike.html) as input to the estimating process. The spike will still need to happen, but will take place within a sprint rather than in preparation for Sprint Planning.
This kind of iterative development will allow the project to fail early when necessary, or to maximize earned value by building only the features that can be built in a cost-effective and timely fashion during the project life-cycle.
### Get a Prioritized List
In order to do most of these things, the customer needs to provide the Product Owner with guidance on what's truly essential so that the Product Owner can prioritize a backlog. Once that happens, you can estimate a few of the top stories, rather than the entire product backlog. This is yet another way to limit the cone of uncertainty around your project.
If feature-by-feature delivery holds no value for the customer (e.g. the final product truly has zero earned value unless the entire project is 100% feature-complete) then the customer needs a measure-twice, cut-once methodology that emphasizes detailed planning and work breakdown structures. It may not make their project any more successful, but such a project isn't a good candidate for an iterative approach anyway.
Of course, that said, very few IT projects actually require 100% feature completion. That's *why* agile projects attempt to make each iteration potentially-shippable: so that the project can be terminated whenever enough value has been realized that further development is not cost-effective.
### Root Cause Analysis
All the foregoing is really a way to manage problems that shouldn't exist at the level that it appears to exist in your individual circumstance. In this case, it *appears* that the problem is caused by faulty communication with the client about process, capabilities, or cost.
If you are in a position to fix the faulty client communications, then you should certainly do so. If you are not, then your professional responsibility is simply to identify the risk to your management team and let them be responsible for the success or failure of the process--they are anyway; it says so in their job descriptions. |
266,498 | Is it possible to join the Stack Overflow development team? | 2014/07/23 | [
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/266498",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/2786156/"
] | Yes.
See the [work here](https://stackexchange.com/work-here) link at the foot of every page.
However, I suspect that there is a *very* rigorous selection process... | Sure. Looks at [the job adds](http://careers.stackoverflow.com/company/stack-exchange#jobs) of the Stack Exchange company at [Careers](http://careers.stackoverflow.com), apply for one of them and get hired. |
39,568 | >
> I have not eaten macaroons in a long time.
>
>
> It has been quite a long time since I've eaten macaroons.
>
>
> I haven been a long time no eaten macaroons.
>
>
>
Which is the colloquial way to say? | 2014/11/15 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/39568",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/11574/"
] | >
> I have not eaten macaroons in a long time.
>
>
>
My preferred form.
>
> It has been quite a long time since I've eaten macaroons.
>
>
>
I would remove the plural from this second one & recast it as
>
> It has been quite a long time since I ate a macaroon
>
>
>
which would then make it quite OK.
This last one makes no sense at all
>
> I haven been a long time no eaten macaroons.
>
>
> | In England you would probably hear:
*'I haven't had macaroons in ages.'* or: *'I've not had macaroons in ages.'*
*'It's been ages since I've had macaroons.'* |
25,400,593 | The authorized redirect URI is used by google to do a callback to pass the authorization token.
It is also used for validation by google. So when receiving the actual oauth request, google checks to see if the callback url given in the request is same as "Authorized redirect URI" and if not it throws error.
My requirement is to prevent google from doing this validation as I want to be able to pass different callback urls at run time . I tried giving the "authorized redirect URI" as empty, but that doesn't work. Any suggestions ? | 2014/08/20 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/25400593",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/212833/"
] | Yes, in Google OAuth 2.0, although you can set no uris in REDIRECT URIS, it doesn't make any sense. Redirect uri is required in client registration and oauth flows(authorization code flow and implicit flow).
Lack of a redirection URI registration requirement can enable an attacker to use the authorization endpoint as [an open redirector](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6749#section-10.15).
You mentioned that LinkedIn enabled open redirectURI. This is not acceptable in security. And I've noticed that LinkedIn has fixed this issue.
>
> In order to make the LinkedIn platform even more secure, and so we can comply with the security specifications of OAuth 2, we are asking those of you who use OAuth 2 to register your application's redirect URLs with us by April 11, 2014.
>
>
>
Here is [LinkedIn's announcement.](https://developer.linkedin.com/blog/register-your-oauth-2-redirect-urls) | No, Authorised redirect URI is NOT mandatory.
See, for example, <https://developers.google.com/+/web/signin/javascript-flow>
The [quickstart](https://developers.google.com/+/quickstart/php) example even shows how you might use different callback URLs |
266,712 | I have the following problem: I wish to build a microammeter/milliammeter that will interface to an Arduino. Sparkfun sells an [**ACS712 breakout board**](https://www.sparkfun.com/products/8883) with an op-amp and two pots for calibration.
Suppose I'm running a 5V Arduino UNO or equivalent. I want, say, 100uA to be full range. So I need a 100uA constant-current source to use for calibration. I've read the various answers to other constant-current questions, but they are unsatisfactory. For example, an answer that explains that the output voltage will double if the load doubles doesn't help much, because the only voltage I have available is 5.0V. Or perhaps 5.2V or 4.95V. So I need a reference that will provide me with 100uA, that will allow me to tweak the gain of the breakout so that I get a reading of, say, 1000 units on the 10-bit ADC. The ACS712 has a resistance of 1.2m ohms (yes, milli, not meg), so unless there is an external current limit, the power supply would self-destruct or the chip would vaporize. It would be nice if it were independent of the power supply voltage, but I could save the calibration voltage, which I can read, in the EEPROM and adjust according to Ohm's Law, although I'd rather avoid that.
Sparkfun also has a voltage reference chip, the TL431, whose [**datasheet**](http://cdn.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Components/General%20IC/TL431-D.pdf) shows a constant-current sink (see Figure 21 on page 7). Would this create the constant-current reference I need?
Note: my goal is to have six ranges on my ammeter. To do this, I am considering the brute-force approach of buying six ACS712 breakouts, calibrating each of them at 10uA, 100uA, 1mA, 10mA, 100mA and 1A, and feeding them into A0..A5. If I choose 1000 units as my calibration point, then overrange is going to be >1000. So all I need to do is read analog inputs until I get one that is <=1000 and thus my meter becomes autoranging. But without a set of six constant-current sources I have no way to calibrate.
Thoughts/suggestions?
TIA
joe | 2016/10/31 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/266712",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/57398/"
] | >
> I need a 100uA constant-current source to use for calibration
>
>
>
To calibrate it, connect one current-sensing pin to ground on a power supply. Connect the other current-sensing pin via a precision resistor to a suitable voltage on the power supply. Maybe consider 10 volts as the excitation voltage.
10V across a resistor of 100 kohm produces 100.0000 uA. Even if you added the 1.2 milli ohms into the equation the current would be 99.999999 uA.
All you need next is a precision voltage source of 10V so buy a voltage reference chip with as much accuracy as you can afford. | I've used the first circuit [here](http://www.ti.com/lit/an/sbva001/sbva001.pdf), to make a low value current source. You could pick a lower voltage reference. How much voltage compliance do you need? |
266,712 | I have the following problem: I wish to build a microammeter/milliammeter that will interface to an Arduino. Sparkfun sells an [**ACS712 breakout board**](https://www.sparkfun.com/products/8883) with an op-amp and two pots for calibration.
Suppose I'm running a 5V Arduino UNO or equivalent. I want, say, 100uA to be full range. So I need a 100uA constant-current source to use for calibration. I've read the various answers to other constant-current questions, but they are unsatisfactory. For example, an answer that explains that the output voltage will double if the load doubles doesn't help much, because the only voltage I have available is 5.0V. Or perhaps 5.2V or 4.95V. So I need a reference that will provide me with 100uA, that will allow me to tweak the gain of the breakout so that I get a reading of, say, 1000 units on the 10-bit ADC. The ACS712 has a resistance of 1.2m ohms (yes, milli, not meg), so unless there is an external current limit, the power supply would self-destruct or the chip would vaporize. It would be nice if it were independent of the power supply voltage, but I could save the calibration voltage, which I can read, in the EEPROM and adjust according to Ohm's Law, although I'd rather avoid that.
Sparkfun also has a voltage reference chip, the TL431, whose [**datasheet**](http://cdn.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Components/General%20IC/TL431-D.pdf) shows a constant-current sink (see Figure 21 on page 7). Would this create the constant-current reference I need?
Note: my goal is to have six ranges on my ammeter. To do this, I am considering the brute-force approach of buying six ACS712 breakouts, calibrating each of them at 10uA, 100uA, 1mA, 10mA, 100mA and 1A, and feeding them into A0..A5. If I choose 1000 units as my calibration point, then overrange is going to be >1000. So all I need to do is read analog inputs until I get one that is <=1000 and thus my meter becomes autoranging. But without a set of six constant-current sources I have no way to calibrate.
Thoughts/suggestions?
TIA
joe | 2016/10/31 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/266712",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/57398/"
] | The ACS712 is a 5A sensor with 1.5% claimed accuracy, so readings of less than about 100mA will have little meaning, let alone decent accuracy, op-amp or no op-amp. So that particular sensor is dead in the water.
---
On the more general question of calibration, you don't need a constant current source to calibrate, all you need is a known current. A stable unknown voltage source with a stable series resistor and a trusted ammeter is all that is required.
If you're using a cheap handheld meter, a few inexpensive precision resistors (0.1%, for example) may be more accurate than the current ranges of the meter, but don't forget to account for the input resistance of the meter.
[simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2fmh737.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/) | I've used the first circuit [here](http://www.ti.com/lit/an/sbva001/sbva001.pdf), to make a low value current source. You could pick a lower voltage reference. How much voltage compliance do you need? |
266,712 | I have the following problem: I wish to build a microammeter/milliammeter that will interface to an Arduino. Sparkfun sells an [**ACS712 breakout board**](https://www.sparkfun.com/products/8883) with an op-amp and two pots for calibration.
Suppose I'm running a 5V Arduino UNO or equivalent. I want, say, 100uA to be full range. So I need a 100uA constant-current source to use for calibration. I've read the various answers to other constant-current questions, but they are unsatisfactory. For example, an answer that explains that the output voltage will double if the load doubles doesn't help much, because the only voltage I have available is 5.0V. Or perhaps 5.2V or 4.95V. So I need a reference that will provide me with 100uA, that will allow me to tweak the gain of the breakout so that I get a reading of, say, 1000 units on the 10-bit ADC. The ACS712 has a resistance of 1.2m ohms (yes, milli, not meg), so unless there is an external current limit, the power supply would self-destruct or the chip would vaporize. It would be nice if it were independent of the power supply voltage, but I could save the calibration voltage, which I can read, in the EEPROM and adjust according to Ohm's Law, although I'd rather avoid that.
Sparkfun also has a voltage reference chip, the TL431, whose [**datasheet**](http://cdn.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Components/General%20IC/TL431-D.pdf) shows a constant-current sink (see Figure 21 on page 7). Would this create the constant-current reference I need?
Note: my goal is to have six ranges on my ammeter. To do this, I am considering the brute-force approach of buying six ACS712 breakouts, calibrating each of them at 10uA, 100uA, 1mA, 10mA, 100mA and 1A, and feeding them into A0..A5. If I choose 1000 units as my calibration point, then overrange is going to be >1000. So all I need to do is read analog inputs until I get one that is <=1000 and thus my meter becomes autoranging. But without a set of six constant-current sources I have no way to calibrate.
Thoughts/suggestions?
TIA
joe | 2016/10/31 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/266712",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/57398/"
] | Forget about ACS712. It's not close to be good at such low currents, believe me. It has noise equivalent to tens of miliampers, so you can't control such low currents.
For current source i would say you need emitter follower circuit, as simplest option. Current mirror is also an option, but i would start from emitter follower, especially because you can calibrate it at each working point.
[simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2f6TwmB.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/)
Something like that. So the positive input is the reference voltage and the collector is your negative output to load, while the positive is the VCC.
Then just calibrate your reference voltages and voila. | I've used the first circuit [here](http://www.ti.com/lit/an/sbva001/sbva001.pdf), to make a low value current source. You could pick a lower voltage reference. How much voltage compliance do you need? |
266,712 | I have the following problem: I wish to build a microammeter/milliammeter that will interface to an Arduino. Sparkfun sells an [**ACS712 breakout board**](https://www.sparkfun.com/products/8883) with an op-amp and two pots for calibration.
Suppose I'm running a 5V Arduino UNO or equivalent. I want, say, 100uA to be full range. So I need a 100uA constant-current source to use for calibration. I've read the various answers to other constant-current questions, but they are unsatisfactory. For example, an answer that explains that the output voltage will double if the load doubles doesn't help much, because the only voltage I have available is 5.0V. Or perhaps 5.2V or 4.95V. So I need a reference that will provide me with 100uA, that will allow me to tweak the gain of the breakout so that I get a reading of, say, 1000 units on the 10-bit ADC. The ACS712 has a resistance of 1.2m ohms (yes, milli, not meg), so unless there is an external current limit, the power supply would self-destruct or the chip would vaporize. It would be nice if it were independent of the power supply voltage, but I could save the calibration voltage, which I can read, in the EEPROM and adjust according to Ohm's Law, although I'd rather avoid that.
Sparkfun also has a voltage reference chip, the TL431, whose [**datasheet**](http://cdn.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Components/General%20IC/TL431-D.pdf) shows a constant-current sink (see Figure 21 on page 7). Would this create the constant-current reference I need?
Note: my goal is to have six ranges on my ammeter. To do this, I am considering the brute-force approach of buying six ACS712 breakouts, calibrating each of them at 10uA, 100uA, 1mA, 10mA, 100mA and 1A, and feeding them into A0..A5. If I choose 1000 units as my calibration point, then overrange is going to be >1000. So all I need to do is read analog inputs until I get one that is <=1000 and thus my meter becomes autoranging. But without a set of six constant-current sources I have no way to calibrate.
Thoughts/suggestions?
TIA
joe | 2016/10/31 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/266712",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/57398/"
] | >
> I need a 100uA constant-current source to use for calibration
>
>
>
To calibrate it, connect one current-sensing pin to ground on a power supply. Connect the other current-sensing pin via a precision resistor to a suitable voltage on the power supply. Maybe consider 10 volts as the excitation voltage.
10V across a resistor of 100 kohm produces 100.0000 uA. Even if you added the 1.2 milli ohms into the equation the current would be 99.999999 uA.
All you need next is a precision voltage source of 10V so buy a voltage reference chip with as much accuracy as you can afford. | Forget about ACS712. It's not close to be good at such low currents, believe me. It has noise equivalent to tens of miliampers, so you can't control such low currents.
For current source i would say you need emitter follower circuit, as simplest option. Current mirror is also an option, but i would start from emitter follower, especially because you can calibrate it at each working point.
[simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2f6TwmB.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/)
Something like that. So the positive input is the reference voltage and the collector is your negative output to load, while the positive is the VCC.
Then just calibrate your reference voltages and voila. |
266,712 | I have the following problem: I wish to build a microammeter/milliammeter that will interface to an Arduino. Sparkfun sells an [**ACS712 breakout board**](https://www.sparkfun.com/products/8883) with an op-amp and two pots for calibration.
Suppose I'm running a 5V Arduino UNO or equivalent. I want, say, 100uA to be full range. So I need a 100uA constant-current source to use for calibration. I've read the various answers to other constant-current questions, but they are unsatisfactory. For example, an answer that explains that the output voltage will double if the load doubles doesn't help much, because the only voltage I have available is 5.0V. Or perhaps 5.2V or 4.95V. So I need a reference that will provide me with 100uA, that will allow me to tweak the gain of the breakout so that I get a reading of, say, 1000 units on the 10-bit ADC. The ACS712 has a resistance of 1.2m ohms (yes, milli, not meg), so unless there is an external current limit, the power supply would self-destruct or the chip would vaporize. It would be nice if it were independent of the power supply voltage, but I could save the calibration voltage, which I can read, in the EEPROM and adjust according to Ohm's Law, although I'd rather avoid that.
Sparkfun also has a voltage reference chip, the TL431, whose [**datasheet**](http://cdn.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Components/General%20IC/TL431-D.pdf) shows a constant-current sink (see Figure 21 on page 7). Would this create the constant-current reference I need?
Note: my goal is to have six ranges on my ammeter. To do this, I am considering the brute-force approach of buying six ACS712 breakouts, calibrating each of them at 10uA, 100uA, 1mA, 10mA, 100mA and 1A, and feeding them into A0..A5. If I choose 1000 units as my calibration point, then overrange is going to be >1000. So all I need to do is read analog inputs until I get one that is <=1000 and thus my meter becomes autoranging. But without a set of six constant-current sources I have no way to calibrate.
Thoughts/suggestions?
TIA
joe | 2016/10/31 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/266712",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/57398/"
] | The ACS712 is a 5A sensor with 1.5% claimed accuracy, so readings of less than about 100mA will have little meaning, let alone decent accuracy, op-amp or no op-amp. So that particular sensor is dead in the water.
---
On the more general question of calibration, you don't need a constant current source to calibrate, all you need is a known current. A stable unknown voltage source with a stable series resistor and a trusted ammeter is all that is required.
If you're using a cheap handheld meter, a few inexpensive precision resistors (0.1%, for example) may be more accurate than the current ranges of the meter, but don't forget to account for the input resistance of the meter.
[simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2fmh737.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/) | Forget about ACS712. It's not close to be good at such low currents, believe me. It has noise equivalent to tens of miliampers, so you can't control such low currents.
For current source i would say you need emitter follower circuit, as simplest option. Current mirror is also an option, but i would start from emitter follower, especially because you can calibrate it at each working point.
[simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2f6TwmB.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/)
Something like that. So the positive input is the reference voltage and the collector is your negative output to load, while the positive is the VCC.
Then just calibrate your reference voltages and voila. |
94,896 | There are some champions which are commonly known to "fall off late game", such as Lee Sin. But what is it exactly, what defines if a Champion "falls off" or not? Or to be more precise, what (for example) makes Lee Sin less useful compared to other champs in Lategame? | 2012/12/03 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/94896",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/23203/"
] | There's no general rule of thumb for this, however consider it a bit like a carry's power curve - just reversed. The Champion won't become weaker, but his power increases less compared to other Champions on the field.
I'm not that good at number crunching with LoL mechanics, so I'll make up two abilities with different AP ratios:
* **Ability 1:** 100 base damage + 0.5 ap ratio
* **Ability 2:** 150 base damage + 0.25 ap ratio
In this example, the second ability will provide you with a stronger head start, while the first ability has the far better damage increase with more ability power. So in this example, the second ability would get weaker in comparison the more ability power the characters have got.
But this isn't just about ability power ratios or damage values. Another example would be fixed reductions to armor and/or magic penetration: Early on these might take 50% or more of a character's defenses, so they're rather strong. However, later on the enemies might aquire more resists and therefore cause the effective reduction to become smaller and smaller (it "falls off").
So, I'd try to explain it this way: If a Champion's numbers are static, i.e. fixed values, then he'll most likely be weaker the longer the game takes compared to Champions having dynamic numbers. However the Champion with fixed numbers will have a far stronger early game, so it also depends a bit on how long you expect the round to be. If some ability has both, i.e. a fixed portion and a dynamic bonus (the usual case), then it really boils down on how these values compare to the enemy. There's no general "good" or "bad" as it always depends on the enemies and the game length as well. | I agree with Mario's answer.
But i'd like to add that some champions due to their mechanics are more suitable for early game playstyle, which means that they are stronger in small teamfights or 1v1 and they are weaker in teamfights. Usually those champions are melee fighters like Lee Sin in our case.
Another factor is the late game power of ad carries. Champions like Lee Sin can be really strong against ad carries early game because they are tankier by default and the ad carries don´t have enough damage to kite them effectively. Late game though the carries scale in damage and their ability to kite becomes much higher.
So late game you end up having a champion that can be kited easily from a distance without any real cc or much aoe to contribute to teamfights that become much more frequent. So you get the feeling that the champion "falls off" even though his abilities may remain strong in smaller fights... |
97,209 | Suppose you have a heap of sand. You remove one grain. Is there still a heap? You remove another, until you get down to a heap with three grains, a heap with two grains, a heap with one grain, and finally a heap with no grains at all. But that’s ridiculous. There must be something wrong? Does removing one grain turn a heap into not-a-heap? But that's ridiculous too. How can one grain make so much difference?
Is there a solution to this problem? | 2023/02/21 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/97209",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/54776/"
] | The solution, of course, is to learn to cook:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/bVDgj.png)
Therefore, how many grains must be removed to "turn a heap into not-a-heap" depends on the spoon. | **There is no paradox - there is a fallacy**
Let us compare with integers.
If I take an integer (Let's say 100) and subtract 1, I get 99, a positive integer; I subtract one again and get 98, another positive integer. From that Sorites would presumably argue that whenever I subtract 1 from *any* integer I still have a positive integer. However that is patently not true. When I reach 1, the subtraction will yield zero which does not qualify.
The above argument is no different in structure than that of the 'paradox'. All we need to do is define boundary conditions.
**Example**
Definition: A heap of sand is a quantity of sand such that a path can be traced from any single grain to all others without intervening gaps and that has at least one grain that is elevated from the underlying supporting surface by resting on one or more of the other grains.
Boundary condition: When I remove a grain of sand from a quantity of grains that constitute a heap, I will be left with another heap unless there are no elevated grains.
Note that the definitions are arbitrary and can be adjusted as required. All that is required in rigorous discourse is that terms should be agreed ahead of time. It is not sufficient to rely on folk terminology. |
97,209 | Suppose you have a heap of sand. You remove one grain. Is there still a heap? You remove another, until you get down to a heap with three grains, a heap with two grains, a heap with one grain, and finally a heap with no grains at all. But that’s ridiculous. There must be something wrong? Does removing one grain turn a heap into not-a-heap? But that's ridiculous too. How can one grain make so much difference?
Is there a solution to this problem? | 2023/02/21 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/97209",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/54776/"
] | The solution, of course, is to learn to cook:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/bVDgj.png)
Therefore, how many grains must be removed to "turn a heap into not-a-heap" depends on the spoon. | The solution is to acknowledge that the common notion of a "heap" does not have a rigorous definition. Like all terms in everyday language it is defined by context. |
97,209 | Suppose you have a heap of sand. You remove one grain. Is there still a heap? You remove another, until you get down to a heap with three grains, a heap with two grains, a heap with one grain, and finally a heap with no grains at all. But that’s ridiculous. There must be something wrong? Does removing one grain turn a heap into not-a-heap? But that's ridiculous too. How can one grain make so much difference?
Is there a solution to this problem? | 2023/02/21 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/97209",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/54776/"
] | The solution is to realise that the problem as posed is based on a false assumption that there is always a clear dividing line between two opposing classifications of degree. Take long and short, heavy and light, wide and narrow, too salty and not too salty, etc etc. It is impossible to define an unambiguous boundary between pairs of terms like that. The terms 'a long piece of string' and 'a short piece of string' are overlapping with blurred boundaries, so a piece of string can be both long and short depending on the context. | One solution would be to say that even 1 grain is a heap. That would be defining "heap" more precisely than its informal, intuitive meaning. What does "heap" precisely mean anyway? The whole "paradox" is built on the lack of precision in the informal understanding of "heap", so it doesn't seem to be such a formidable "paradox". |
97,209 | Suppose you have a heap of sand. You remove one grain. Is there still a heap? You remove another, until you get down to a heap with three grains, a heap with two grains, a heap with one grain, and finally a heap with no grains at all. But that’s ridiculous. There must be something wrong? Does removing one grain turn a heap into not-a-heap? But that's ridiculous too. How can one grain make so much difference?
Is there a solution to this problem? | 2023/02/21 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/97209",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/54776/"
] | So I would say that two possible answers to the paradox are
1. Rigorously define a 'heap' to explicitly consider the number of grains of sand, or
2. Keep the fuzziness around heaps, and observe that tiny changes in the amount of sand trigger correspondingly tiny changes in the probabilities that different people will consider it to be a heap.
The existing answers focus on solution number 1, but I don't believe anybody has discussed option 2 which I find is a more intuitive resolution.
Consider the chance of a given person at a given point in time considering a given amount of grains of sand as a 'heap' as some probability function depending on the number of grains, starting at 0 (or very close to it) and growing to nearly 1. Removing grains one by one *does* affect the probability something will be classified as a heap, just not by much.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/OQwG2.png)
Of course, other factors will be at play - have they been [primed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priming_(psychology)), whether they are a construction worker or a child (as per Mark Andrew's answer), whether they are in a heap-finding mood, or any number of other things. | **Edited by Ashlin Harris**:
A certain number of grains is not necessarily a heap. For instance, they could be arranged in a row.
A heap it is something without any artful structure; when a heap gets any order it is already not a heap. An ordered structure can have elements removed one by one and still be the same(\*) structure. If you take an element from a heap, it might become something different(\*\*).
\*but incomplete, at that time a heap is always complete to a heap.
\*\*by the structure, or you can make a new heap.
Old poor version:
i named it "the method of the ordering elements"
all sets\* contained more then 2 grains are the heaps. But possible to remove all grains from the heap and create the string on numerated grains that not a heap. 2 grains is the heap and is the string at the same time.
So, all that you need something that not a heap, but consists of same grains.
easy.
\*non-ordered.
\*\*one grain is not a heap and not a string, it is the single element of a set or string. |
97,209 | Suppose you have a heap of sand. You remove one grain. Is there still a heap? You remove another, until you get down to a heap with three grains, a heap with two grains, a heap with one grain, and finally a heap with no grains at all. But that’s ridiculous. There must be something wrong? Does removing one grain turn a heap into not-a-heap? But that's ridiculous too. How can one grain make so much difference?
Is there a solution to this problem? | 2023/02/21 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/97209",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/54776/"
] | The solution, of course, is to learn to cook:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/bVDgj.png)
Therefore, how many grains must be removed to "turn a heap into not-a-heap" depends on the spoon. | **Edited by Ashlin Harris**:
A certain number of grains is not necessarily a heap. For instance, they could be arranged in a row.
A heap it is something without any artful structure; when a heap gets any order it is already not a heap. An ordered structure can have elements removed one by one and still be the same(\*) structure. If you take an element from a heap, it might become something different(\*\*).
\*but incomplete, at that time a heap is always complete to a heap.
\*\*by the structure, or you can make a new heap.
Old poor version:
i named it "the method of the ordering elements"
all sets\* contained more then 2 grains are the heaps. But possible to remove all grains from the heap and create the string on numerated grains that not a heap. 2 grains is the heap and is the string at the same time.
So, all that you need something that not a heap, but consists of same grains.
easy.
\*non-ordered.
\*\*one grain is not a heap and not a string, it is the single element of a set or string. |
97,209 | Suppose you have a heap of sand. You remove one grain. Is there still a heap? You remove another, until you get down to a heap with three grains, a heap with two grains, a heap with one grain, and finally a heap with no grains at all. But that’s ridiculous. There must be something wrong? Does removing one grain turn a heap into not-a-heap? But that's ridiculous too. How can one grain make so much difference?
Is there a solution to this problem? | 2023/02/21 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/97209",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/54776/"
] | The solution is to realise that the problem as posed is based on a false assumption that there is always a clear dividing line between two opposing classifications of degree. Take long and short, heavy and light, wide and narrow, too salty and not too salty, etc etc. It is impossible to define an unambiguous boundary between pairs of terms like that. The terms 'a long piece of string' and 'a short piece of string' are overlapping with blurred boundaries, so a piece of string can be both long and short depending on the context. | The solution, of course, is to learn to cook:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/bVDgj.png)
Therefore, how many grains must be removed to "turn a heap into not-a-heap" depends on the spoon. |
97,209 | Suppose you have a heap of sand. You remove one grain. Is there still a heap? You remove another, until you get down to a heap with three grains, a heap with two grains, a heap with one grain, and finally a heap with no grains at all. But that’s ridiculous. There must be something wrong? Does removing one grain turn a heap into not-a-heap? But that's ridiculous too. How can one grain make so much difference?
Is there a solution to this problem? | 2023/02/21 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/97209",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/54776/"
] | The solution is to realise that the problem as posed is based on a false assumption that there is always a clear dividing line between two opposing classifications of degree. Take long and short, heavy and light, wide and narrow, too salty and not too salty, etc etc. It is impossible to define an unambiguous boundary between pairs of terms like that. The terms 'a long piece of string' and 'a short piece of string' are overlapping with blurred boundaries, so a piece of string can be both long and short depending on the context. | **There is no paradox - there is a fallacy**
Let us compare with integers.
If I take an integer (Let's say 100) and subtract 1, I get 99, a positive integer; I subtract one again and get 98, another positive integer. From that Sorites would presumably argue that whenever I subtract 1 from *any* integer I still have a positive integer. However that is patently not true. When I reach 1, the subtraction will yield zero which does not qualify.
The above argument is no different in structure than that of the 'paradox'. All we need to do is define boundary conditions.
**Example**
Definition: A heap of sand is a quantity of sand such that a path can be traced from any single grain to all others without intervening gaps and that has at least one grain that is elevated from the underlying supporting surface by resting on one or more of the other grains.
Boundary condition: When I remove a grain of sand from a quantity of grains that constitute a heap, I will be left with another heap unless there are no elevated grains.
Note that the definitions are arbitrary and can be adjusted as required. All that is required in rigorous discourse is that terms should be agreed ahead of time. It is not sufficient to rely on folk terminology. |
97,209 | Suppose you have a heap of sand. You remove one grain. Is there still a heap? You remove another, until you get down to a heap with three grains, a heap with two grains, a heap with one grain, and finally a heap with no grains at all. But that’s ridiculous. There must be something wrong? Does removing one grain turn a heap into not-a-heap? But that's ridiculous too. How can one grain make so much difference?
Is there a solution to this problem? | 2023/02/21 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/97209",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/54776/"
] | **There is no paradox - there is a fallacy**
Let us compare with integers.
If I take an integer (Let's say 100) and subtract 1, I get 99, a positive integer; I subtract one again and get 98, another positive integer. From that Sorites would presumably argue that whenever I subtract 1 from *any* integer I still have a positive integer. However that is patently not true. When I reach 1, the subtraction will yield zero which does not qualify.
The above argument is no different in structure than that of the 'paradox'. All we need to do is define boundary conditions.
**Example**
Definition: A heap of sand is a quantity of sand such that a path can be traced from any single grain to all others without intervening gaps and that has at least one grain that is elevated from the underlying supporting surface by resting on one or more of the other grains.
Boundary condition: When I remove a grain of sand from a quantity of grains that constitute a heap, I will be left with another heap unless there are no elevated grains.
Note that the definitions are arbitrary and can be adjusted as required. All that is required in rigorous discourse is that terms should be agreed ahead of time. It is not sufficient to rely on folk terminology. | **What’s the solution to the Sorites paradox?**
Most responders have offered the same answer: the solution depends on the definition of "heap".
I agree, but I add that the definition itself depends on what you intend to do. To a road construction crew, a heap of sand might be several tons. To a child making a sand castle, a heap might be only three plastic buckets full. To a molecular scientist, three grains might be enough. |
97,209 | Suppose you have a heap of sand. You remove one grain. Is there still a heap? You remove another, until you get down to a heap with three grains, a heap with two grains, a heap with one grain, and finally a heap with no grains at all. But that’s ridiculous. There must be something wrong? Does removing one grain turn a heap into not-a-heap? But that's ridiculous too. How can one grain make so much difference?
Is there a solution to this problem? | 2023/02/21 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/97209",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/54776/"
] | The answer is in the definition of a heap.
I offer the definition that a heap must have at least one layer stacked upon a base layer.
For grains of sand you need at least 3 grains in a base layer to support 1 grain of sand stacked upon it (thus forming a tetrahedral stack). Thus, properly arranged, a heap could be as little as 4 grains of sand; any fewer is no longer a heap. | **Edited by Ashlin Harris**:
A certain number of grains is not necessarily a heap. For instance, they could be arranged in a row.
A heap it is something without any artful structure; when a heap gets any order it is already not a heap. An ordered structure can have elements removed one by one and still be the same(\*) structure. If you take an element from a heap, it might become something different(\*\*).
\*but incomplete, at that time a heap is always complete to a heap.
\*\*by the structure, or you can make a new heap.
Old poor version:
i named it "the method of the ordering elements"
all sets\* contained more then 2 grains are the heaps. But possible to remove all grains from the heap and create the string on numerated grains that not a heap. 2 grains is the heap and is the string at the same time.
So, all that you need something that not a heap, but consists of same grains.
easy.
\*non-ordered.
\*\*one grain is not a heap and not a string, it is the single element of a set or string. |
97,209 | Suppose you have a heap of sand. You remove one grain. Is there still a heap? You remove another, until you get down to a heap with three grains, a heap with two grains, a heap with one grain, and finally a heap with no grains at all. But that’s ridiculous. There must be something wrong? Does removing one grain turn a heap into not-a-heap? But that's ridiculous too. How can one grain make so much difference?
Is there a solution to this problem? | 2023/02/21 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/97209",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/54776/"
] | So I would say that two possible answers to the paradox are
1. Rigorously define a 'heap' to explicitly consider the number of grains of sand, or
2. Keep the fuzziness around heaps, and observe that tiny changes in the amount of sand trigger correspondingly tiny changes in the probabilities that different people will consider it to be a heap.
The existing answers focus on solution number 1, but I don't believe anybody has discussed option 2 which I find is a more intuitive resolution.
Consider the chance of a given person at a given point in time considering a given amount of grains of sand as a 'heap' as some probability function depending on the number of grains, starting at 0 (or very close to it) and growing to nearly 1. Removing grains one by one *does* affect the probability something will be classified as a heap, just not by much.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/OQwG2.png)
Of course, other factors will be at play - have they been [primed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priming_(psychology)), whether they are a construction worker or a child (as per Mark Andrew's answer), whether they are in a heap-finding mood, or any number of other things. | **There is no paradox - there is a fallacy**
Let us compare with integers.
If I take an integer (Let's say 100) and subtract 1, I get 99, a positive integer; I subtract one again and get 98, another positive integer. From that Sorites would presumably argue that whenever I subtract 1 from *any* integer I still have a positive integer. However that is patently not true. When I reach 1, the subtraction will yield zero which does not qualify.
The above argument is no different in structure than that of the 'paradox'. All we need to do is define boundary conditions.
**Example**
Definition: A heap of sand is a quantity of sand such that a path can be traced from any single grain to all others without intervening gaps and that has at least one grain that is elevated from the underlying supporting surface by resting on one or more of the other grains.
Boundary condition: When I remove a grain of sand from a quantity of grains that constitute a heap, I will be left with another heap unless there are no elevated grains.
Note that the definitions are arbitrary and can be adjusted as required. All that is required in rigorous discourse is that terms should be agreed ahead of time. It is not sufficient to rely on folk terminology. |
84,533 | Say there is an influential and popular research professor who is moving up fast in his research areas - and that he heads a big research group at his school. Then he gets an offer that he can't refuse - from a big time university. He leaves six months or so later, bringing some of his doctoral students with him, too. In general, has this professor burned his bridges with his former university? I imagine he is bringing a lot of talented grad students and grant money in to the new school - and a lot of grant money is leaving the old school. | 2017/02/05 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/84533",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/51735/"
] | In general, **no**, it is not a problem to leave to a new position after some month. The colleagues know how the game goes and could be in the same situation.
However, in practice it depends very much on the special situation. Some examples where leaving after a short period of time are:
* Being hired on the promise to build a workgroup in a new field that is not present at the department.
* Being hired to teach a special much needed class.
* You promised to submit a large grant proposal that would boost the universities standing if successful (e. g. NSF centers, DFG Sonderforschungsbereich or such).
* You got a large startup funding, spend a lot of money on specific equipment, that is of no use to anybody else.
* You started to supervise many students and other colleagues have to step in to help out.
Probably there are more things, but the bottom line is "Don't be a jerk and you'll be fine". | In principle no but in practice the decision to leave may lead to some tensions, even if @Karl and @Dan Romick rightly point out that it should not be so.
There is always a element of risk involved in hiring someone: a department has usually invested some time and committee work to hire this person, possibly had to lobby the administration for the position, may have supported this faculty with teaching buyouts so she/he could establish a research program. When this investment suddently disappears, very few will normally congratulate themselves at the thought of starting the process again (especially if the competition to hire the faculty now leaving was hot, and there were multiple good candidates).
Many no doubt will be sad to see a friend leave: there is no more reason to burn bridges than if a good neighbor moved to a new town.
Of course there are people who are truly hated (for legitimate or jealous reasons) and everyone's happy to see them go. In the same category some researchers feel they are not getting the support they rightly (in their minds) deserve. In these rarer cases, the departure can be acrimonious. |
27,076 | California suffered several huge fires in recent years. I wonder what kind of restrictions were enacted, if any, regarding fires on campsites? Which of them are legal/safe:
Starting an old-fashion fire on the ground, just a few dry branches arranged together?
Ditto in a shallow pit?
A portable stove?
A grill?
We are going for a few days to a large forest park in CA with road access up to about 100 yards off the campsite.
EDIT: per your advice, I checked with the park website, and indeed they have the answer:
"Fires are permitted in designated fire rings only. Do not gather wood. Extinguish fires when unattended. When posted "NO FIRES", only camp stoves or gas grills are permitted."
So it's not just fixed rules but also depends on whether they'll post "NO FIRES" signs. | 2021/05/01 | [
"https://outdoors.stackexchange.com/questions/27076",
"https://outdoors.stackexchange.com",
"https://outdoors.stackexchange.com/users/21116/"
] | You have to check about where you are going. The legality of fire depends on the type of fire, the park, the season and the weather. I'm having some trouble confirming exactly what the rules are about fire permits--it appears that you need them on all federal land in California. The permit is free. (It's about passing a quiz, not about money. They want to make sure you know the rules.) | This depends completely on the specific park. You could try the web site for the city's parks and recreation department, for example. |
18,518 | When was the last 'clean' Formula 1 race?
A 'clean' race is one in which all cars that made a time in qualifications ended the full race (they did not retire or receive a DNF or DNS). | 2018/06/04 | [
"https://sports.stackexchange.com/questions/18518",
"https://sports.stackexchange.com",
"https://sports.stackexchange.com/users/5036/"
] | Using Basketball Reference's Player Game Finder with the following [search criteria](https://www.basketball-reference.com/play-index/pgl_finder.cgi?request=1&match=game&year_min=1964&year_max=2019&is_playoffs=Y&round_id=fin&game_result=L&age_min=0&age_max=99&season_start=1&season_end=-1&pos_is_g=Y&pos_is_gf=Y&pos_is_f=Y&pos_is_fg=Y&pos_is_fc=Y&pos_is_c=Y&pos_is_cf=Y&order_by=pts):
>
> In a single game, from 1964 to 2019, in the playoffs, round is Finals, team lost game, sorted by descending Points
>
>
>
The top 5 scoring performances in the NBA finals that resulted in a loss are:
1) LeBron James - [51 points](https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/201805310GSW.html), Game 1, 2018 NBA Finals (Cavaliers at Warriors)
2) Stephen Curry - [47 points](https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/201906050GSW.html), Game 3, 2019 NBA Finals (Raptors at Warriors)
T3) Jerry West - [45 points](https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/196604220LAL.html), Game 4, 1966 NBA Finals (Celtics at Lakers)
T3) Jerry West - [45 points](https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/196504190BOS.html), Game 2, 1965 NBA Finals (Lakers at Celtics)
T5) LeBron James - [44 points](https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/201506040GSW.html), Game 1, 2015 NBA Finals (Cavaliers at Warriors)
T5) Shaquille O'Neal - [44 points](https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/200106060LAL.html), Game 1, 2001 NBA Finals (76ers at Lakers)
T5) Michael Jordan - [44 points](https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/199306130CHI.html), Game 3, 1993 NBA Finals (Suns at Bulls)
T5) Rick Barry - [44 points](https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/196704240SFW.html), Game 6, 1967 NBA Finals (76ers at Warriors) | **#1. 63 points: [Michael Jordan](https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/j/jordami01.html) & Chicago Bulls**
* April 20, 1986 - Eastern Conference first round; Chicago Bulls Vs. Boston Celtics. [Boston won: 135 - 131.](https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/198604200BOS.html)
**#2. 61 points - [Ray Allen](https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/a/allenra02.html) & Boston Celtics**
* April 30, 2009 - Eastern Conference First Round; Boston Celtics Vs. Chicago Bulls. [Chicago won: 128 - 127](https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/200904300CHI.html)
**#3.1 51 points - [Russell Westbrook](https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/w/westbru01.html) & Oklahoma Thunder**
* April 19, 2017 - Western Conference Quarter Finals; Oklahoma Thunder Vs. Houston Rockets. [Houston won: 115 - 111](https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/201704190HOU.html)
**#3.2 51 points - [LeBron James](https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/j/jamesle01.html) & Cleveland Cavaliers**
* May 31, 2018 - NBA Finals; Cleveland Cavaliers Vs. Golden State Warriors. [Golden State won: 124 - 114](https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/201805310GSW.html)
**#4.1 50 points - [Bill Cunningham](https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/c/cunnibi01.html) & Philadelphia 76ers**
* April 1, 1970 - Eastern Division Semi Finals; Philadelphia 76ers Vs. Milwaukee Bucks. [Milwaukee won: 118 - 111](https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/197004010PHI.html)
**#4.2 50 points - [Michael Jordan](https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/j/jordami01.html) & Chicago Bulls**
* May 5 1989 - Eastern Conference First Round; Chicago Bulls Vs. Cleveland Cavaliers. [Cleveland won: 108 - 105](https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/198905050CHI.html)
**#4.3 50 points - [Kobe Bryant](https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/b/bryanko01.html) & Los Angeles Lakers**
* May 4, 2006 - Western Conference First Round; Los Angeles Lakers Vs. Phoenix Suns. [Phoenix won: 126 - 118](https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/200605040LAL.html)
**Additional Reference:**
[List of National Basketball Association single-game playoff scoring leaders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_National_Basketball_Association_single-game_playoff_scoring_leaders) |
2,288 | When exporting a document created in InDesign which has A4 selected under File > Document Setup > Page Size into a .pdf by using File > Export > Adobe PDF (Print) format and use the default 'High Quality' profile, the created file is US Letter for some reason. I couldn't find any option other than the document setup that would control the .pdf export in terms of proportions/page size.. but does anyone know how I can export that document as a proper A4 .pdf? | 2011/05/29 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/2288",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/1512/"
] | That seems very strange, since the page geometry of Letter and A4 are quite different, and it's hard to imagine any kind of circumstance that would create an on-the-fly conversion. There have been loud complaints about PDF, printing and font problems with the latest OS X update (10.6.7), but I've never seen this particular problem mentioned. In fact, most of what I've seen mentions that Adobe apps are immune, because they don't use Apple's PDF engine. Just in case that is affecting you, the remedy is to revert to 10.6.6 until Apple fixes the problems. There's no similar issue on the Windows platform.
Try these (standard) troubleshooting steps and see if the problem goes away:
1. Export the document to IDML (or INX if you're on CS3 or earlier) and recreate the document from the IDML file. Odd bits of this and that accumulate in a heavily edited file, and this is a catch-all that ensures any kind of accumulated cruft in the file goes away. It's good practice to do this with the final version of a project, and can reduce the INDD file size by many MB.
2. Reset your InDesign preferences: launch ID, but immediately hold down Cmd/Ctl, Option/Alt and Shift until a dialog pops up asking if you want to delete your preferences. Click OK.
If neither of these remedy the issue, let us know. | I resolved this on a document someone else setup. I discovered that the Document Setup was A4 but the Master page was US Letter. Creating a New Master page and applying it to each page resolved the issue. |
270,927 | Does "battery" here mean "group"? Bing dictionary gives the definition "a group of similar things". I am not sure the definition fits.
>
> The research, overseen by gerontologist Taina Rantanen of the University of Jyväskylä, compares adults born in 1910 and 1914 with those born roughly 30 years later. The two age groups were assessed in 1989 and 1990 and in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The beauty of this work is that both birth cohorts were examined in person at age 75 and again at 80 with the **same substantial battery of six physical tests** and five measures of cognition. Most cohort studies look at a narrower range of measures, and many of them rely on self-assessments.
>
>
>
Source: Scientific American [Is 70 Really the New 60?](https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/is-70-really-the-new-60/) | 2021/01/03 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/270927",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/113858/"
] | The past simple just talks about a past event, whereas the present perfect talks about a past event *which is having an effect on the present*. Saying *your device was repaired* only really says something about what happened in the past - it *might* still be repaired at the current time, or maybe it's broken again, but the past simple doesn't really imply anything either way.
Whereas the present perfect *does* imply the device is fixed right now, *because* it was repaired in the past - it ties the present state back to that past action. So it's very common for people to use the present perfect, just because of the sense oh "how things are, at this moment".
You don't *have to* use it, the past simple is just as accurate - but keep in mind that sometimes people can use that to be devious or misleading. They can talk about a past event hoping that you'll believe it has an effect on the present, when it actually doesn't (e.g. *I cleaned the house*, but that was a long time ago and right now it's dirty again!). By not using the present perfect, they're not *technically* lying and claiming anything about the present - but people will often notice this and get suspicious. "Why are you talking about the past, and not right now?" | I think you are conflating present perfect progressive/continuous with present perfect.
In present perfect progressive/continuous, "has been" is followed by an -ing verb.
>
> He has been running.
>
>
>
In your sentence however, "repaired" should be viewed as an adjective, so your sentence has the present perfect form of "to be."
>
> Your device has been repaired.
>
>
>
>
> Your dog has been ill.
>
>
>
But you are correct that using the past simple instead of the present perfect is usually an acceptable substitute.
>
> Your device was repaired.
>
>
>
>
> Your dog was ill.
>
>
>
The difference is [subtle](https://www.ef.edu/english-resources/english-grammar/present-perfect-vs-simple-past/).
For the sentence about the dog, "has been ill," suggests that the dog is still currently ill, while "was ill," suggests that it may no longer be ill.
For the device however, the two sentences are virtually the same (probably because of the implication that if the device was repaired, then it still is repaired). Personally, "has been repaired" sounds a bit more formal than "was repaired." |
270,927 | Does "battery" here mean "group"? Bing dictionary gives the definition "a group of similar things". I am not sure the definition fits.
>
> The research, overseen by gerontologist Taina Rantanen of the University of Jyväskylä, compares adults born in 1910 and 1914 with those born roughly 30 years later. The two age groups were assessed in 1989 and 1990 and in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The beauty of this work is that both birth cohorts were examined in person at age 75 and again at 80 with the **same substantial battery of six physical tests** and five measures of cognition. Most cohort studies look at a narrower range of measures, and many of them rely on self-assessments.
>
>
>
Source: Scientific American [Is 70 Really the New 60?](https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/is-70-really-the-new-60/) | 2021/01/03 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/270927",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/113858/"
] | The past simple just talks about a past event, whereas the present perfect talks about a past event *which is having an effect on the present*. Saying *your device was repaired* only really says something about what happened in the past - it *might* still be repaired at the current time, or maybe it's broken again, but the past simple doesn't really imply anything either way.
Whereas the present perfect *does* imply the device is fixed right now, *because* it was repaired in the past - it ties the present state back to that past action. So it's very common for people to use the present perfect, just because of the sense oh "how things are, at this moment".
You don't *have to* use it, the past simple is just as accurate - but keep in mind that sometimes people can use that to be devious or misleading. They can talk about a past event hoping that you'll believe it has an effect on the present, when it actually doesn't (e.g. *I cleaned the house*, but that was a long time ago and right now it's dirty again!). By not using the present perfect, they're not *technically* lying and claiming anything about the present - but people will often notice this and get suspicious. "Why are you talking about the past, and not right now?" | simple past tense (passive voice)- Your device **was** repaired.
present perfect tense (passive voice)- Your device **has been** repaired.
The present perfect tense tells us about the past and the present.
The simple past tense tells us about the past. But it does not tell us about the present.
Your device **has been** repaired. (It is *all right* now)
Your device **was** repaired. (It may be *broken* again now)
\*present perfect continuous/progressive tense- He **has been** repair**ing**. I **have been** repair**ing**. We have been playing. He has been writing. The boy has been reading. They have been waiting. \* |
15,707 | I want to identify this font in the [safehost.net](http://www.safehost.net/) logo. Can anyone assist please?
 | 2013/02/05 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/15707",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/9801/"
] | There are plenty of very similar square fonts, but I couldn't find any exact match either.
Using the larger logo I added above, WhatTheFont suggests [Gaudi ND](http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/neufville/gaudi-nd/), which does match the general shape of the letters, but lacks the rounded feel and the distinctive line ends of the font in the logo:
[](http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/neufville/gaudi-nd/)
A few other similar fonts I found include [Axion RX-14](http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/typeinnovations/axion-rx-14/), [Elevon Corp](http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/daltonmaag/elevon-corp/) and [Paragraph](http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/paragraph/paragraph/), but none of them really match those details either.
Also, after having stared at those pointy-round line tips for a while, I'm starting to feel more and more convinced that I've seen them before in some other logo. But that might just be *déjà vu* kicking in.
**Edit:** Here are a few more fonts with a similar shape and line ends. Still no exact match, though.
[Biome Regular](http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/mti/biome-std/std-regular/):
[](http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/mti/biome-std/std-regular/)
[Genos Regular](http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/typesetit/genos/regular/):
[](http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/typesetit/genos/regular/) | While I don't have an exact match, I find that a font that has a very similar feel, is [Lastwaerk](http://aajohan.deviantart.com/art/Lastwaerk-font-137804536) -- [Here is a preview of it, saying "safehost"](http://www.dafont.com/lastwaerk.font?text=safehost). It's free for both personal, and commercial use, so that's always a good thing.
Other than that I don't know any fonts off the top of my head that could be this font. Sorry I couldn't be of more help! |
180,890 | Today I received the result of a PhD program, and they said, "I regret to inform you that the Committee is not able to recommend your admission to the program at this time. However, please note that your name is currently on a reserve list. If a place becomes available, we will let you know immediately".
All I can think right now is just waiting and hoping. However, any advice on what I should do now? Should I ask them how my rank on the reserved list is? | 2022/01/05 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/180890",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/151678/"
] | I wouldn't do anything besides perhaps a polite brief "thank you".
You can probably assume you will not be admitted off the waiting list and instead wait to hear back from your other options (or quickly make some other options, including options besides PhD programs, if you have none).
If they have a spot open up, they'll let you know (as their email said). | Thank them for letting you know. |
5,486,220 | what is the difference between an ordinary exe file and the exe file generated from .net windows applications. | 2011/03/30 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5486220",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/541917/"
] | EXE generated by .NET has a *normal PE header* but then has **instructions to load MSCorEE.DLL**. See my answer [here](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5475646/why-is-an-assembly-exe-file/5475681#5475681).
Basically according to [CLR via C#](http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780735627048) .NET EXE's **Managed Module** contains (in this **order**):
* PE32 or PE32+ header
* CLR header
* Metadata
* IL Code | None, they are both executable files.
EDIT:
OK, I can see that wasn't very helpful. In one respect they are the same since they both trigger the same action from the operating system to start with, but as has been explained, there is deeper magic going on and that's more likely to be what the OP wanted to know. |
155,975 | Are there any sea creatures in Avatar?
Being that James Cameron's ideas and influences were heavily influenced by earth sea creatures: [James Cameron’s Love for Scuba Diving Shows in Avatar](http://www.leisurepro.com/blog/featured/james-camerons-love-for-scuba-diving-shows-in-avatar/)
>
> *“I just swept in every design influence in my life. I've always had*
> *this deep respect for nature and a lot of my youth was out in the*
> *woods hiking around. I was a total science geek. I spent over 2,500*
> *hours underwater and I've seen things that are absolutely astonishing*
> *on the bottom of the ocean. It really is like an alien planet. I've*
> *always felt like that's something I've been able to do was live out a*
> *science-fiction fantasy adventure for real in my diving work. So yeah,*
> *there's a lot of stuff there. There's even a lot of stuff in the*
> *shallow ocean that's influenced things. The Banshee wings are based on*
> *the colourations of tropical fish, for example. We were a little*
> *concerned that these large creatures wouldn't scale with these*
> *incredibly vivid colour patterns, but we managed to make that work.” –*
> *James Cameron*
>
>
>
And we are shown Jake falling in to what looks like a river, an ocean looking like scene when gathering the tribes and we are even shown Jake and Netiri swimming. There seems to be a lack of water dwelling creatures.
Seeming James Cameron's love of the ocean, there seems to be a very visible lacking presence of water dwelling creatures.
Was there anything in or out of universe that shows James Cameron having water dwelling creatures?
Answers can be plain and simple, either he did or didn't or even we are never shown will be accepted. | 2017/03/28 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/155975",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/65457/"
] | According to Cameron, the oceans of Pandora are just as rich and diverse as the land masses.
>
> *“We created a broad canvas for the environment of film. That’s not
> just on Pandora, but throughout the Aplha Centauri AB system. And we
> expand out across that system and incorporate more into the story –
> not necessarily in the second film, but more toward a third film.
> I’ve already announced this, so I might as well say it: **Part of my
> focus in the second film is in creating a different environment – a
> different setting within Pandora. And I’m going to be focusing on the
> ocean on Pandora, which will be equally rich and diverse and crazy and
> imaginative, but it just won’t be a rain forest. I’m not saying we
> won’t see what we’ve already seen; we’ll see more of that as well.”***
>
>
> [Cameron Talks ‘Avatar 2’ & Extended ‘Avatar’ Release](http://screenrant.com/james-cameron-avatar-2/)
>
>
>
---
Tangentially, the "Pandorapedia" mentions that [Tetrapterons](https://www.pandorapedia.com/fauna/wetlands/tetrapteron.html) come in differing varieties; aquatic and arboreal and that those that live by the oceans enjoy a
>
> "feeding ecology"
>
>
>
as
>
> "**fish**-eating"
>
>
>
predators.
---
The *[World of Avatar: A Visual Exploration](https://james-camerons-avatar.fandom.com/wiki/The_World_of_Avatar:_A_Visual_Exploration)* book also mentions several sea creatures;
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/kjrpX.png)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/MCkot.png) | Although we will wait for the second film to know more about the aquatic creatures of Pandora.
If there are aquatic creatures, in fact part of the Tretapteron mentioned in another comment.
One knows of two aquatic creatures.
One is the "Anemonoid", these are already seen in some scene of the first film. [Anemonoid](Https://www.pandorapedia.com/fauna/aquatic/anemonoid.html)
The other known creature is the "Dinicthoid" according to its definition is:
>
> "Its head features two large, protruding red eyes that can see for long distances under water in dim light. It also features a disconcertingly humanoid false face, (used to befuddle or Frighten would-be predators), that is created by folds at the top of the skull. "
>
>
>
If you want more information:
[Dinicthoid](Https://www.pandorapedia.com/fauna/aquatic/dinicthoid.html) |
155,975 | Are there any sea creatures in Avatar?
Being that James Cameron's ideas and influences were heavily influenced by earth sea creatures: [James Cameron’s Love for Scuba Diving Shows in Avatar](http://www.leisurepro.com/blog/featured/james-camerons-love-for-scuba-diving-shows-in-avatar/)
>
> *“I just swept in every design influence in my life. I've always had*
> *this deep respect for nature and a lot of my youth was out in the*
> *woods hiking around. I was a total science geek. I spent over 2,500*
> *hours underwater and I've seen things that are absolutely astonishing*
> *on the bottom of the ocean. It really is like an alien planet. I've*
> *always felt like that's something I've been able to do was live out a*
> *science-fiction fantasy adventure for real in my diving work. So yeah,*
> *there's a lot of stuff there. There's even a lot of stuff in the*
> *shallow ocean that's influenced things. The Banshee wings are based on*
> *the colourations of tropical fish, for example. We were a little*
> *concerned that these large creatures wouldn't scale with these*
> *incredibly vivid colour patterns, but we managed to make that work.” –*
> *James Cameron*
>
>
>
And we are shown Jake falling in to what looks like a river, an ocean looking like scene when gathering the tribes and we are even shown Jake and Netiri swimming. There seems to be a lack of water dwelling creatures.
Seeming James Cameron's love of the ocean, there seems to be a very visible lacking presence of water dwelling creatures.
Was there anything in or out of universe that shows James Cameron having water dwelling creatures?
Answers can be plain and simple, either he did or didn't or even we are never shown will be accepted. | 2017/03/28 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/155975",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/65457/"
] | According to Cameron, the oceans of Pandora are just as rich and diverse as the land masses.
>
> *“We created a broad canvas for the environment of film. That’s not
> just on Pandora, but throughout the Aplha Centauri AB system. And we
> expand out across that system and incorporate more into the story –
> not necessarily in the second film, but more toward a third film.
> I’ve already announced this, so I might as well say it: **Part of my
> focus in the second film is in creating a different environment – a
> different setting within Pandora. And I’m going to be focusing on the
> ocean on Pandora, which will be equally rich and diverse and crazy and
> imaginative, but it just won’t be a rain forest. I’m not saying we
> won’t see what we’ve already seen; we’ll see more of that as well.”***
>
>
> [Cameron Talks ‘Avatar 2’ & Extended ‘Avatar’ Release](http://screenrant.com/james-cameron-avatar-2/)
>
>
>
---
Tangentially, the "Pandorapedia" mentions that [Tetrapterons](https://www.pandorapedia.com/fauna/wetlands/tetrapteron.html) come in differing varieties; aquatic and arboreal and that those that live by the oceans enjoy a
>
> "feeding ecology"
>
>
>
as
>
> "**fish**-eating"
>
>
>
predators.
---
The *[World of Avatar: A Visual Exploration](https://james-camerons-avatar.fandom.com/wiki/The_World_of_Avatar:_A_Visual_Exploration)* book also mentions several sea creatures;
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/kjrpX.png)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/MCkot.png) | With the opening of the new "Pandora - the World of *Avatar*" land at Disney's Animal Kingdom at Walt Disney World (developed in partnership with James Cameron), we have a definitive answer to this question.
(marking as a spoiler for any who wish to visit the new land free of pre-gained knowledge)
>
> In the "Flight of Passage" attraction, as you soar on the back of a Banshee in your avatar body, you come inches away from a gigantic sea creature breaching up from the ocean.
>
> So, yes, there is most definitely sea life on Pandora.
>
>
> |
155,975 | Are there any sea creatures in Avatar?
Being that James Cameron's ideas and influences were heavily influenced by earth sea creatures: [James Cameron’s Love for Scuba Diving Shows in Avatar](http://www.leisurepro.com/blog/featured/james-camerons-love-for-scuba-diving-shows-in-avatar/)
>
> *“I just swept in every design influence in my life. I've always had*
> *this deep respect for nature and a lot of my youth was out in the*
> *woods hiking around. I was a total science geek. I spent over 2,500*
> *hours underwater and I've seen things that are absolutely astonishing*
> *on the bottom of the ocean. It really is like an alien planet. I've*
> *always felt like that's something I've been able to do was live out a*
> *science-fiction fantasy adventure for real in my diving work. So yeah,*
> *there's a lot of stuff there. There's even a lot of stuff in the*
> *shallow ocean that's influenced things. The Banshee wings are based on*
> *the colourations of tropical fish, for example. We were a little*
> *concerned that these large creatures wouldn't scale with these*
> *incredibly vivid colour patterns, but we managed to make that work.” –*
> *James Cameron*
>
>
>
And we are shown Jake falling in to what looks like a river, an ocean looking like scene when gathering the tribes and we are even shown Jake and Netiri swimming. There seems to be a lack of water dwelling creatures.
Seeming James Cameron's love of the ocean, there seems to be a very visible lacking presence of water dwelling creatures.
Was there anything in or out of universe that shows James Cameron having water dwelling creatures?
Answers can be plain and simple, either he did or didn't or even we are never shown will be accepted. | 2017/03/28 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/155975",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/65457/"
] | According to Cameron, the oceans of Pandora are just as rich and diverse as the land masses.
>
> *“We created a broad canvas for the environment of film. That’s not
> just on Pandora, but throughout the Aplha Centauri AB system. And we
> expand out across that system and incorporate more into the story –
> not necessarily in the second film, but more toward a third film.
> I’ve already announced this, so I might as well say it: **Part of my
> focus in the second film is in creating a different environment – a
> different setting within Pandora. And I’m going to be focusing on the
> ocean on Pandora, which will be equally rich and diverse and crazy and
> imaginative, but it just won’t be a rain forest. I’m not saying we
> won’t see what we’ve already seen; we’ll see more of that as well.”***
>
>
> [Cameron Talks ‘Avatar 2’ & Extended ‘Avatar’ Release](http://screenrant.com/james-cameron-avatar-2/)
>
>
>
---
Tangentially, the "Pandorapedia" mentions that [Tetrapterons](https://www.pandorapedia.com/fauna/wetlands/tetrapteron.html) come in differing varieties; aquatic and arboreal and that those that live by the oceans enjoy a
>
> "feeding ecology"
>
>
>
as
>
> "**fish**-eating"
>
>
>
predators.
---
The *[World of Avatar: A Visual Exploration](https://james-camerons-avatar.fandom.com/wiki/The_World_of_Avatar:_A_Visual_Exploration)* book also mentions several sea creatures;
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/kjrpX.png)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/MCkot.png) | There are three known ocean creatures. The "ilu" which is a plesiosaur-like creature, the much bigger "nalutsa", and lastly the "akula", the "cousin" of the nalutsa which is more fierce and elusive. |
155,975 | Are there any sea creatures in Avatar?
Being that James Cameron's ideas and influences were heavily influenced by earth sea creatures: [James Cameron’s Love for Scuba Diving Shows in Avatar](http://www.leisurepro.com/blog/featured/james-camerons-love-for-scuba-diving-shows-in-avatar/)
>
> *“I just swept in every design influence in my life. I've always had*
> *this deep respect for nature and a lot of my youth was out in the*
> *woods hiking around. I was a total science geek. I spent over 2,500*
> *hours underwater and I've seen things that are absolutely astonishing*
> *on the bottom of the ocean. It really is like an alien planet. I've*
> *always felt like that's something I've been able to do was live out a*
> *science-fiction fantasy adventure for real in my diving work. So yeah,*
> *there's a lot of stuff there. There's even a lot of stuff in the*
> *shallow ocean that's influenced things. The Banshee wings are based on*
> *the colourations of tropical fish, for example. We were a little*
> *concerned that these large creatures wouldn't scale with these*
> *incredibly vivid colour patterns, but we managed to make that work.” –*
> *James Cameron*
>
>
>
And we are shown Jake falling in to what looks like a river, an ocean looking like scene when gathering the tribes and we are even shown Jake and Netiri swimming. There seems to be a lack of water dwelling creatures.
Seeming James Cameron's love of the ocean, there seems to be a very visible lacking presence of water dwelling creatures.
Was there anything in or out of universe that shows James Cameron having water dwelling creatures?
Answers can be plain and simple, either he did or didn't or even we are never shown will be accepted. | 2017/03/28 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/155975",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/65457/"
] | With the opening of the new "Pandora - the World of *Avatar*" land at Disney's Animal Kingdom at Walt Disney World (developed in partnership with James Cameron), we have a definitive answer to this question.
(marking as a spoiler for any who wish to visit the new land free of pre-gained knowledge)
>
> In the "Flight of Passage" attraction, as you soar on the back of a Banshee in your avatar body, you come inches away from a gigantic sea creature breaching up from the ocean.
>
> So, yes, there is most definitely sea life on Pandora.
>
>
> | Although we will wait for the second film to know more about the aquatic creatures of Pandora.
If there are aquatic creatures, in fact part of the Tretapteron mentioned in another comment.
One knows of two aquatic creatures.
One is the "Anemonoid", these are already seen in some scene of the first film. [Anemonoid](Https://www.pandorapedia.com/fauna/aquatic/anemonoid.html)
The other known creature is the "Dinicthoid" according to its definition is:
>
> "Its head features two large, protruding red eyes that can see for long distances under water in dim light. It also features a disconcertingly humanoid false face, (used to befuddle or Frighten would-be predators), that is created by folds at the top of the skull. "
>
>
>
If you want more information:
[Dinicthoid](Https://www.pandorapedia.com/fauna/aquatic/dinicthoid.html) |
155,975 | Are there any sea creatures in Avatar?
Being that James Cameron's ideas and influences were heavily influenced by earth sea creatures: [James Cameron’s Love for Scuba Diving Shows in Avatar](http://www.leisurepro.com/blog/featured/james-camerons-love-for-scuba-diving-shows-in-avatar/)
>
> *“I just swept in every design influence in my life. I've always had*
> *this deep respect for nature and a lot of my youth was out in the*
> *woods hiking around. I was a total science geek. I spent over 2,500*
> *hours underwater and I've seen things that are absolutely astonishing*
> *on the bottom of the ocean. It really is like an alien planet. I've*
> *always felt like that's something I've been able to do was live out a*
> *science-fiction fantasy adventure for real in my diving work. So yeah,*
> *there's a lot of stuff there. There's even a lot of stuff in the*
> *shallow ocean that's influenced things. The Banshee wings are based on*
> *the colourations of tropical fish, for example. We were a little*
> *concerned that these large creatures wouldn't scale with these*
> *incredibly vivid colour patterns, but we managed to make that work.” –*
> *James Cameron*
>
>
>
And we are shown Jake falling in to what looks like a river, an ocean looking like scene when gathering the tribes and we are even shown Jake and Netiri swimming. There seems to be a lack of water dwelling creatures.
Seeming James Cameron's love of the ocean, there seems to be a very visible lacking presence of water dwelling creatures.
Was there anything in or out of universe that shows James Cameron having water dwelling creatures?
Answers can be plain and simple, either he did or didn't or even we are never shown will be accepted. | 2017/03/28 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/155975",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/65457/"
] | Although we will wait for the second film to know more about the aquatic creatures of Pandora.
If there are aquatic creatures, in fact part of the Tretapteron mentioned in another comment.
One knows of two aquatic creatures.
One is the "Anemonoid", these are already seen in some scene of the first film. [Anemonoid](Https://www.pandorapedia.com/fauna/aquatic/anemonoid.html)
The other known creature is the "Dinicthoid" according to its definition is:
>
> "Its head features two large, protruding red eyes that can see for long distances under water in dim light. It also features a disconcertingly humanoid false face, (used to befuddle or Frighten would-be predators), that is created by folds at the top of the skull. "
>
>
>
If you want more information:
[Dinicthoid](Https://www.pandorapedia.com/fauna/aquatic/dinicthoid.html) | There are three known ocean creatures. The "ilu" which is a plesiosaur-like creature, the much bigger "nalutsa", and lastly the "akula", the "cousin" of the nalutsa which is more fierce and elusive. |
155,975 | Are there any sea creatures in Avatar?
Being that James Cameron's ideas and influences were heavily influenced by earth sea creatures: [James Cameron’s Love for Scuba Diving Shows in Avatar](http://www.leisurepro.com/blog/featured/james-camerons-love-for-scuba-diving-shows-in-avatar/)
>
> *“I just swept in every design influence in my life. I've always had*
> *this deep respect for nature and a lot of my youth was out in the*
> *woods hiking around. I was a total science geek. I spent over 2,500*
> *hours underwater and I've seen things that are absolutely astonishing*
> *on the bottom of the ocean. It really is like an alien planet. I've*
> *always felt like that's something I've been able to do was live out a*
> *science-fiction fantasy adventure for real in my diving work. So yeah,*
> *there's a lot of stuff there. There's even a lot of stuff in the*
> *shallow ocean that's influenced things. The Banshee wings are based on*
> *the colourations of tropical fish, for example. We were a little*
> *concerned that these large creatures wouldn't scale with these*
> *incredibly vivid colour patterns, but we managed to make that work.” –*
> *James Cameron*
>
>
>
And we are shown Jake falling in to what looks like a river, an ocean looking like scene when gathering the tribes and we are even shown Jake and Netiri swimming. There seems to be a lack of water dwelling creatures.
Seeming James Cameron's love of the ocean, there seems to be a very visible lacking presence of water dwelling creatures.
Was there anything in or out of universe that shows James Cameron having water dwelling creatures?
Answers can be plain and simple, either he did or didn't or even we are never shown will be accepted. | 2017/03/28 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/155975",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/65457/"
] | With the opening of the new "Pandora - the World of *Avatar*" land at Disney's Animal Kingdom at Walt Disney World (developed in partnership with James Cameron), we have a definitive answer to this question.
(marking as a spoiler for any who wish to visit the new land free of pre-gained knowledge)
>
> In the "Flight of Passage" attraction, as you soar on the back of a Banshee in your avatar body, you come inches away from a gigantic sea creature breaching up from the ocean.
>
> So, yes, there is most definitely sea life on Pandora.
>
>
> | There are three known ocean creatures. The "ilu" which is a plesiosaur-like creature, the much bigger "nalutsa", and lastly the "akula", the "cousin" of the nalutsa which is more fierce and elusive. |
34,223,208 | I downloaded Android Studio 2.0 preview, I installed, and I think it's work, for example "instant run" it is work fine,
but the emulator not show the new buttons,
I read that I can use my Stable Android Studio and Android Studio 2.0 but I think the emulator still work with Stable Android Studio and not with the new emulator,
well, I updated the android sdk (api 23), I created a new AVD, but I can't watch the new buttons, and I can't resize the screen (option on Android Studio 2.0 emulator)
do you know what I have to do?
PD:
[the new buttons that don't show](http://i.stack.imgur.com/ReA2m.png)
[my emulator and android studio 2.0](http://i.stack.imgur.com/mA1Lm.png) | 2015/12/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/34223208",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3893401/"
] | To get the new emulator features, you need to install the **Android SDK Tools** for **Preview channel** shown below
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/gqxiG.png) | the answer is that android emulator was released few hours ago!
[the notice on http://android-developers.blogspot.com](http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2015/12/android-studio-20-preview-android.html)
[explication for install new emulator](http://tools.android.com/tech-docs/emulator) |
198,362 | I've created a custom module in drupal 8 and on this module i've created:
* Content types
* Fields
* Entities
* Views ...
all this programmatically.
But the problem when i try to uninstall it the database keep all this forms stored !!!
I'm wondering if there is a solution to automatically delete them from database when uninstalling a module
I appreciate any kind of help :) | 2016/04/18 | [
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/questions/198362",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/users/59552/"
] | See [How to delete a content type, programmatically?](https://drupal.stackexchange.com/questions/195173/delete-a-content-type-programmatically/195189#195189)
You can add enforced dependencies on any config entity, if you do so, drupal will automatically remove them.
That's much better then using hook\_uninstall(), as the user is informed about what will be removed on the uninstall confirm page. | Usually, you need to implement [hook\_uninstall](https://api.drupal.org/api/drupal/core!lib!Drupal!Core!Extension!module.api.php/function/hook_uninstall/8) to remove from the database all the information set by the module. It is not removed automatically.
Be aware that this hook needs to be implemented in the module's .install file, according to the documentation above. |
67,319 | How do damage reduction from armor, damage reduction from resistances, and missile/melee damage reduction interact?
For example, let's say I have
* X armor which translates to x% damage reduction from enemies at my level
* Y fire resistance which translates to y% damage reduction from fire from enemies at my level
* 2.00% missile damage reduction.
What happens if I'm being shot by a missile which is supposed to inflict 100 points of fire damage? | 2012/05/17 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/67319",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/122/"
] | In general, [ItsColby nailed the basics of how it works](https://gaming.stackexchange.com/a/68192/3062). Damage reduction is multiplied rather than added. So 70% Armor and 30% Physical Resist doesn't mean you're a god who blocks all damage... you're actually blocking 79% of the damage. But read on for a closer look.
---
Armor is good against all damage types
--------------------------------------
I just want to mention that before I even get started, because a lot of people don't seem to realize it. Armor DR blocks **all** damage. Fire Damage, Physical Damage, Arcane Damage, etc. It's good against all of them. For any given attack, you'll always be getting your Armor DR as well as one of your resistance DRs. You'll possibly get other special bonuses, such as the special DR against missile attacks in your example of 2% Missile Reduction, but you'll always have at least Armor and Resistance.
Resistance is good against a single damage type
-----------------------------------------------
If a monster is hitting you with a sword, you're probably looking at Physical Resistance. If you're standing on some fire a molten elite just left behind, you're probably looking at Fire Resistance.
While it's possible multiple resistances might come into play for an attack (such a Diablo's Lightning-Fire breath), the conventional wisdom is that such attacks have their damage broken into components (though I haven't seen any Blizzard confirmation of that), and DRs are factored in separately for those. You can pretty much just think of it as two separate attacks hitting you at once.
What about Dodge?
-----------------
Dodge doesn't really interact with damage reduction directly. Dodge is whether or not you flat out avoid all damage from an attack. If you dodge successfully, damage reduction doesn't occur because you avoided the attack and took no damage. If you fail to dodge, you get hit with the full attack and damage reduction is applied normally. There's no "partial" dodging.
How do I figure out how much damage I'm resisting?
--------------------------------------------------
The general equation to figure out your damage reduction is:
>
> Total Damage Reduction % = (1 - Armor DR) \* (1 - Specific Resist DR )
> \* (1 - Special DR) \* (etc)
>
>
> Damage Received = (Damage Taken) \* (Damage Reduction %)
>
>
>
What about shields?
-------------------
As you can see, shields have an Armor Value, a Chance to Block, and a Block Amount.
* The *Armor* is added in just like any other piece of gear, which means the *Armor* value of the shield is working for you whether you block something with it or not.
* The *Chance to Block* is the % chance that you'll get to reduce the incoming damage or a melee or ranged attack by the *Block Amount*.
* The *Block Amount* is the amount of damage that will be subtracted from the attack after other DR is applied.
So the formula for damage received when a block is successful becomes:
>
> Damage Received = (Damage Taken \* Damage Reduction %) - Amount Blocked
>
>
>
What about damage absorption from skills like Diamond Skin?
-----------------------------------------------------------
You can think of this pretty much like you might think of a shield that has a 100% block rate. The damage absorption from skills such as [Diamond Skin](http://us.battle.net/d3/en/class/wizard/active/diamond-skin) have their absorption applied *after* standard damage reduction from things such as armor, resistances and block amount.
How do classes differ?
----------------------
The two original melee classes, the Barbarian and Monk, [seem to have a hidden DR bonus of 30%](https://us.battle.net/d3/en/forum/topic/5149619492?page=1#2). This multiplies into the damage reduction just like any other special DR modifier, such as *2% Missile Damage Reduction* would. The new class, Crusader, has a 15% damage reduction bonus.
A specific example:
-------------------
So in your example above, Thog the Dual-Wielding Barbarian has been neglecting his resistances but is wearing some very shiny armor. He's got 10% Fire Resistance and 70% DR from Armor. He's also got some boots of 2% Missile Damage Reduction. He gets shot with a fire arrow that does 100 damage. And don't forget he's got that 30% for being a Barbarian!
* Damage Reduction = (1 - .70) \* (1 - .10) \* (1 - .30) \* (1 - .02) = .18522
* Damage Taken = 100 \* .18522 = 18.522
Zoltan the Wizard doesn't have much in the way of armor, and is only at 40%, but his intelligence gives him decent fire resistance of 60%. Sadly, he doesn't have those nice boots that Thog has, but he is using a shield which has a 20% block chance and blocks an average of, say, 25 damage. As a wizard, he doesn't have Thog's innate damage reduction of 30%.
* Damage Reduction = (1 - .4) \* (1 - .6) = .24
* Damage Taken (when his shield fails to block) = 100 \* .24 = 24
* Damage Taken (when his shield blocks) = (100 \* .24) - 25 = 0
Zoltan actually does okay! Thog had great armor, but his low resistance really brought him down. Without that innate 30% for being a Barbarian, he actually would have fared worse than Zoltan, taking 26.46 damage on a hit. And if you factor in the fact that 20% of the time Zoltan will block the entire attack, in the long run it's as if he's taking about 19.2 damage per hit. Not bad for a dude in dress!
So do I want more Armor, or more Resistance?
--------------------------------------------
[This Blizzard forum post](http://us.battle.net/d3/en/forum/topic/5149150485) has a good discussion on how Armor and Resistance linearly scale up your effective health, so your first 100 points of Armor is just as good as your next 100 points of Armor in terms of your overall effective health, when looking at just the armor stat. So while armor and resistances have diminishing returns in terms of the % of damage that they reduce, they don't have diminishing returns in terms of your effective health.
That said, as your Armor and Resistance levels change, their value relative to each other will shift. You can look at [this matrix](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/pub?key=0Ag4BdvmMzezudEFJTUpBYU54aFZCX3JlcHhqSVhwOEE&output=html) to see what 1 point of Resistance is worth in terms of Armor to you at your current gearing levels. So let's say you've got 7000 armor and 200 resistance. You can see that 1 point of resistance is worth about 20 armor. If you're looking at some gear which would increase all of your resistances by 5 but lower your armor by 70, it's a good trade. If it would raise your resistances by 5 but lower your armor by 130, it's a bad trade.
---
**Credit where it's due:**
* [Rhaloz's post "The Art of War: Barbarian"](http://eu.battle.net/d3/en/forum/topic/3660206725?page=1#1)
* [TBD's post "Diminishing Returns on Armor = Myth (graphs)"](http://us.battle.net/d3/en/forum/topic/5149150485) | All damage reduction stacks multiplicatively, so it does not matter in which order these reductions are applied.
For example:
* 100 Damage - 15% Armor Reduction - 10% Fire Reduction - 2% Missile Reduction =
+ 74.97 Damage
* 100 Damage - 10% Fire Reduction - 15% Armor reduction - 2% Missile Reduction =
+ 74.97 Damage
* Etc.
*However*, there could be a possible hidden "maximum" cap of percentage damage reduction similar to *Diablo II* (50%), in which case the economics of which damage reduction is the most effective per gold spent can come into play. |
106,450 | I want to write a story about a group of people playing Augmented Reality (AR) games in a city that similar to any city we have in the modern world. A game like the one in the new anime movie Sword Art Online: Ordinal Scale, or something like Pokemon Go if you haven't watched that movie before. The problem is that I want it to be a game with money reward (the money are from advertisement and sponsor, more or less like cash price in eSports)
GPS is not a good solution, as you can see how easy it is to fake GPS location in Pokemon Go. In the Sword Art Online movie, it was solved by having small drones flying around the city to locate the players, where I doubt if any city would allow that legally, not to mention that would be very expensive.
So, are there there more secure way to report location for a AR games? | 2018/03/08 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/106450",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/20219/"
] | **Watch them.**
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/m0OM8.jpg)
<https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/313563192797507356/>
A time tested way to keep track of another person: have someone watch that person. A watcher who is good at seeing and not being seen. If this is for a fiction, it would be a great way to inject the story with a contrasting human energy that has deep roots in pretech thrillers. | You could use RFID chips.
One dawback is you would have to plant receivers all over the city. This is sort of a double edged deal. A. you have to plant the receivers, but B. because they are your receivers you control the network. So it's almost a necessary evil.
Even this, though, is not fool proof. The reason the GPS has an issue is not because of GPS its because of the public nature of the data. So even with RFID someone could hack your system and use it to tell were someone is.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification>
These are used at stores to keep stuff from walking off, and I've seen them used at hospitals too, especially on the "baby" floor to keep tabs on the location of newborns. |
106,450 | I want to write a story about a group of people playing Augmented Reality (AR) games in a city that similar to any city we have in the modern world. A game like the one in the new anime movie Sword Art Online: Ordinal Scale, or something like Pokemon Go if you haven't watched that movie before. The problem is that I want it to be a game with money reward (the money are from advertisement and sponsor, more or less like cash price in eSports)
GPS is not a good solution, as you can see how easy it is to fake GPS location in Pokemon Go. In the Sword Art Online movie, it was solved by having small drones flying around the city to locate the players, where I doubt if any city would allow that legally, not to mention that would be very expensive.
So, are there there more secure way to report location for a AR games? | 2018/03/08 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/106450",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/20219/"
] | I left a comment to another answer but then it was starting to turn into an answer. So I'm copying it here and continuing the thread:
Using only the phone, you won't be able to tell whether it is a real person holding the phone or it is fastened to a drone that moves around in the city and the player is sitting home and operating their phone remotely. Maybe additionally, you could make pictures with the phone's front camera and see whether it is a person holding it but that could be faked by gluing a picture there. Voice commands can probably be issued from the remote location and don't identify the player.
I can't see a way around a means of identification that doesn't rely on the phone itself. So maybe install check points with cameras and a sort of handshake protocol with the phone itself. It would be expensive to install them, though, and probably unrealistic if you're developing this game on your own. Unless you got permission to piggyback on already existing systems.
ETA: I just thought of another way: real world communication between players: **your players get instructions to meet other players** who are close according to the GPS. When they meet up, they exchange sort of passwords: both players get a keyword or something on their phone and they give it to the other and the other player types it into their phone. This confirms that both players were at the location their GPS said they are and both were humans actually playing the game. To prevent two or more people from cheating by only meeting with each other this way, you give a bonus to players who meet someone they haven't encountered before and give only a diminishing percentage of the points if two people have met before (depending on how many times they met in the past x weeks.) This would be a lot cheaper. | Crowd source your player location burdens by offering incentives to non-players who document the location of each player using their cell-phone cameras.
Supplement these observer contributed sightings with the feeds from traffic-cams, police-car-cams and public webcams.
*There is a movie which used this idea, but I can't recall its name right now.* |
106,450 | I want to write a story about a group of people playing Augmented Reality (AR) games in a city that similar to any city we have in the modern world. A game like the one in the new anime movie Sword Art Online: Ordinal Scale, or something like Pokemon Go if you haven't watched that movie before. The problem is that I want it to be a game with money reward (the money are from advertisement and sponsor, more or less like cash price in eSports)
GPS is not a good solution, as you can see how easy it is to fake GPS location in Pokemon Go. In the Sword Art Online movie, it was solved by having small drones flying around the city to locate the players, where I doubt if any city would allow that legally, not to mention that would be very expensive.
So, are there there more secure way to report location for a AR games? | 2018/03/08 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/106450",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/20219/"
] | Realistically, they'd use multiple factors. Deriving location from multiple independent sources is always better than any single solution however neat.
Some suggestions:
**GPS**
Practically free, so there is absolutely no reason to use it.
**Celltowers and Wifi**
Gives independent verification that the phone is in the area reported by the GPS.
**Mesh networking**
The player devices can probably connect to each other. This is a useful addition since the players move. This means the set of connections a cheater needs to spoof is constantly changing and it would be difficult to control which devices are close to you reliably.
**Player cameras**
AR devices need to see the environment. This includes other players. This means the game will get a constant stream of random identity and position checks. This would make cheating risky unless you can control all the players in the area.
**Surveillance cameras**
Cities are filled with surveillance cameras. If the game can hook into this system it can see all players in many areas. And the game will know in advance where it can observe the players. By putting all critical targets in areas that the game can see or that require players to move thru areas the game can see, the difficulty of cheating goes up drastically.
**Required actions**
The game can require players to perform verification actions. AR devices are likely to have some biometric verification capability at least as good as with smartphones. The game can require actions that the surveillance cameras ot other players can see and verify. A player observing an action by another player acts as a verification on both players.
**Environment modelling**
The game can recognize what the players see and verify it matches what other players and cameras have seen. This can include changing elements such as cars, people, or weather which can be difficult to spoof over time, if the game has independent data sources.
**Behauvior modelling** The game can build models of how players act. This allows it to spot player characteristic actions to support positive identification and suspicious actions or patterns that trigger added verification by the system.
By combining these and other data the game should be able to verify player location and identity with high confidence. More importantly, the more factors the game uses the more difficult the system will be reliably to spoof. If your GPS says you are in a location where a surveillance camera sees nothing, the game will not be fooled by your GPS. If your location data suggests you can teleport or walk thru the walls the system will not trust it. If you see a red car when other players see an empty parking lot the system will not trust your video. | Radio direction finding from cell towers. That's how the police could triangulate on phones before GPS became ubiquitous.
Two not-big-deal issues:
1. The cell phone companies would need to be involved.
2. Real-line RDF isn't as near as accurate as GPS. Many towers and technobabble would make it very accurate.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_direction_finder>
>
> A radio direction finder (RDF) is a device for finding the direction, or bearing, to a radio source. The act of measuring the direction is known as radio direction finding or sometimes simply direction finding (DF). **Using two or more measurements from different locations**, the location of an unknown transmitter can be determined; alternately, using two or more measurements of known transmitters, the location of a vehicle can be determined. RDF is widely used as a radio navigation system, especially with boats and aircraft.
>
>
>
The cell towers are known locations. RDF from multiple (not just two) towers triangulates the location of the phone built into your AR headset. |
106,450 | I want to write a story about a group of people playing Augmented Reality (AR) games in a city that similar to any city we have in the modern world. A game like the one in the new anime movie Sword Art Online: Ordinal Scale, or something like Pokemon Go if you haven't watched that movie before. The problem is that I want it to be a game with money reward (the money are from advertisement and sponsor, more or less like cash price in eSports)
GPS is not a good solution, as you can see how easy it is to fake GPS location in Pokemon Go. In the Sword Art Online movie, it was solved by having small drones flying around the city to locate the players, where I doubt if any city would allow that legally, not to mention that would be very expensive.
So, are there there more secure way to report location for a AR games? | 2018/03/08 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/106450",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/20219/"
] | Realistically, they'd use multiple factors. Deriving location from multiple independent sources is always better than any single solution however neat.
Some suggestions:
**GPS**
Practically free, so there is absolutely no reason to use it.
**Celltowers and Wifi**
Gives independent verification that the phone is in the area reported by the GPS.
**Mesh networking**
The player devices can probably connect to each other. This is a useful addition since the players move. This means the set of connections a cheater needs to spoof is constantly changing and it would be difficult to control which devices are close to you reliably.
**Player cameras**
AR devices need to see the environment. This includes other players. This means the game will get a constant stream of random identity and position checks. This would make cheating risky unless you can control all the players in the area.
**Surveillance cameras**
Cities are filled with surveillance cameras. If the game can hook into this system it can see all players in many areas. And the game will know in advance where it can observe the players. By putting all critical targets in areas that the game can see or that require players to move thru areas the game can see, the difficulty of cheating goes up drastically.
**Required actions**
The game can require players to perform verification actions. AR devices are likely to have some biometric verification capability at least as good as with smartphones. The game can require actions that the surveillance cameras ot other players can see and verify. A player observing an action by another player acts as a verification on both players.
**Environment modelling**
The game can recognize what the players see and verify it matches what other players and cameras have seen. This can include changing elements such as cars, people, or weather which can be difficult to spoof over time, if the game has independent data sources.
**Behauvior modelling** The game can build models of how players act. This allows it to spot player characteristic actions to support positive identification and suspicious actions or patterns that trigger added verification by the system.
By combining these and other data the game should be able to verify player location and identity with high confidence. More importantly, the more factors the game uses the more difficult the system will be reliably to spoof. If your GPS says you are in a location where a surveillance camera sees nothing, the game will not be fooled by your GPS. If your location data suggests you can teleport or walk thru the walls the system will not trust it. If you see a red car when other players see an empty parking lot the system will not trust your video. | You need multiple systems.
Firstly, for location spoofing, you could use a combination of the GPS and radio location systems already discussed. If they disagree, they go with whatever's considered more accurate for that specific case. It's a lot harder to spoof two systems than one. You could roll this into other methods - occasional NFC/RFID tags to be read, QR codes to scan, 2FA passwords (hat tip real subtle), or even if there are other players "scoring" at the same time and location, group selfie!
Another concern - not being attached to the phone- is quite simply covered- have the phone request photos randomly when points are awarded. If it can't take the photo, no points are awarded and you must take a photo the next time you "score". Miss two in a row and you start *losing* points until you do take a photo with you in it. Face recognition tech exists already for this to work. Your winners have their history audited against similar photos. Any photos without their face in it, that don't match other photos taken at the same time, or could've been doctored= no prize! |
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