qid int64 1 74.7M | question stringlengths 12 33.8k | date stringlengths 10 10 | metadata list | response_j stringlengths 0 115k | response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k |
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119,522 | so my probleme is quite simple. i have 2 circles away from each other and not intersecting, I want to connect those 2 cirlces with a rectangle in the middle.
heres what I have
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KsDzW.png)
and heres what i want
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/uIvRe.png)
however as u can see its not perfect.
I would like to know how.
(Ai cc 2018) | 2019/01/24 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/119522",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/132314/"
] | One easy option is to merely draw a **path with rounded end caps**.
* Switch to **Outline Mode** (View > Outline)
* Turn **on** the **Smart Guides** (View > Smart Guides) if they aren't already on
* Ensure the **center marker** is enabled in the **Attributes Panel**:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KkVH9.png)
Using the **Line Tool**, merely draw a path from the center of one circle to the other. The Smart Guides will tell you when you are at the center with the cursor.
Then merely adjust the stroke weight to match the width of the circles and tick the Rounded End Caps option on the **Stroke Panel**
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/1h16o.gif)
Related:
* [Illustrator: Is there an efficient and accurate way to join two circles by their tangents (and keep it editable)?](https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/69249/illustrator-is-there-an-efficient-and-accurate-way-to-join-two-circles-by-their)
* [How to smoothly connect a circle with rectangle shape at the tangent?](https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/68834/how-to-smoothly-connect-a-circle-with-rectangle-shape-at-the-tangent)
* [How to draw circle tangents and removing the inner lines?](https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/16598/how-to-draw-circle-tangents-and-removing-the-inner-lines)
* [Merging a semicircle with two parallel lines](https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/25548/merging-a-semicircle-with-two-parallel-lines) | One possibility is to use a Blend.
1. Select both your shapes and click *Object > Blend > Make*
2. then *Object > Blend > Blend options*
3. Under Spacing, choose "Specified steps", set it to something high like 500 steps
However, the above comes with disadvantages:- It creates 500 individual shapes, and even if you Expand then Unite them with the Pathfinder, you'll still have over 1000 anchors, and Simplifying doesn't really work either.
Another possibility is to do it the way you have already done, but to edit the position of the anchors of the rectangle manually using the Direct Selection Tool (A), so that they intersect with the outermost edge of each circle, to reduce the humps that you can see in your example. |
119,522 | so my probleme is quite simple. i have 2 circles away from each other and not intersecting, I want to connect those 2 cirlces with a rectangle in the middle.
heres what I have
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KsDzW.png)
and heres what i want
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/uIvRe.png)
however as u can see its not perfect.
I would like to know how.
(Ai cc 2018) | 2019/01/24 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/119522",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/132314/"
] | There are various ways to get the effect of what you're asking in Illustrator, but they are slow and labor intensive. There is currently no way to do it by simply drawing tangents, unless you use a third party plugin. Fortunately, there is a cheap plugin made by Astute Graphics that allows you to very easily draw tangents between objects. As of today it's priced at $6.51, although there may be an exchange rate charge if you're ordering from a different currency that pounds, if I recall correctly. See video link:
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=13&v=fu4Sn6_Epdo>
I've been using Astute plugins for years and they are all extremely well made and I think every one has a video tutorial. | One possibility is to use a Blend.
1. Select both your shapes and click *Object > Blend > Make*
2. then *Object > Blend > Blend options*
3. Under Spacing, choose "Specified steps", set it to something high like 500 steps
However, the above comes with disadvantages:- It creates 500 individual shapes, and even if you Expand then Unite them with the Pathfinder, you'll still have over 1000 anchors, and Simplifying doesn't really work either.
Another possibility is to do it the way you have already done, but to edit the position of the anchors of the rectangle manually using the Direct Selection Tool (A), so that they intersect with the outermost edge of each circle, to reduce the humps that you can see in your example. |
119,522 | so my probleme is quite simple. i have 2 circles away from each other and not intersecting, I want to connect those 2 cirlces with a rectangle in the middle.
heres what I have
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KsDzW.png)
and heres what i want
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/uIvRe.png)
however as u can see its not perfect.
I would like to know how.
(Ai cc 2018) | 2019/01/24 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/119522",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/132314/"
] | Ok guys, thank you so much for you help, but I found the solution on another post using a script, which worked wonderfully.
<https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/a/69250/132314>
again thanks for you help. | One possibility is to use a Blend.
1. Select both your shapes and click *Object > Blend > Make*
2. then *Object > Blend > Blend options*
3. Under Spacing, choose "Specified steps", set it to something high like 500 steps
However, the above comes with disadvantages:- It creates 500 individual shapes, and even if you Expand then Unite them with the Pathfinder, you'll still have over 1000 anchors, and Simplifying doesn't really work either.
Another possibility is to do it the way you have already done, but to edit the position of the anchors of the rectangle manually using the Direct Selection Tool (A), so that they intersect with the outermost edge of each circle, to reduce the humps that you can see in your example. |
119,522 | so my probleme is quite simple. i have 2 circles away from each other and not intersecting, I want to connect those 2 cirlces with a rectangle in the middle.
heres what I have
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KsDzW.png)
and heres what i want
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/uIvRe.png)
however as u can see its not perfect.
I would like to know how.
(Ai cc 2018) | 2019/01/24 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/119522",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/132314/"
] | One easy option is to merely draw a **path with rounded end caps**.
* Switch to **Outline Mode** (View > Outline)
* Turn **on** the **Smart Guides** (View > Smart Guides) if they aren't already on
* Ensure the **center marker** is enabled in the **Attributes Panel**:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KkVH9.png)
Using the **Line Tool**, merely draw a path from the center of one circle to the other. The Smart Guides will tell you when you are at the center with the cursor.
Then merely adjust the stroke weight to match the width of the circles and tick the Rounded End Caps option on the **Stroke Panel**
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/1h16o.gif)
Related:
* [Illustrator: Is there an efficient and accurate way to join two circles by their tangents (and keep it editable)?](https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/69249/illustrator-is-there-an-efficient-and-accurate-way-to-join-two-circles-by-their)
* [How to smoothly connect a circle with rectangle shape at the tangent?](https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/68834/how-to-smoothly-connect-a-circle-with-rectangle-shape-at-the-tangent)
* [How to draw circle tangents and removing the inner lines?](https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/16598/how-to-draw-circle-tangents-and-removing-the-inner-lines)
* [Merging a semicircle with two parallel lines](https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/25548/merging-a-semicircle-with-two-parallel-lines) | I suggest you draw it. Having snap to point and smart guides on you can draw a line between the circle centers. Select the line and goto Object > Path > Outline Stroke. Then you have a rectangle.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UOgRo.jpg)
You must select straight stroke ends in the strokes panel, if they are rounded.
If the circles are equal and the rectangle must be as wide as your circles are, then you simply draw only a rounded rectangle or a rounded line and no circles at all. |
119,522 | so my probleme is quite simple. i have 2 circles away from each other and not intersecting, I want to connect those 2 cirlces with a rectangle in the middle.
heres what I have
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KsDzW.png)
and heres what i want
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/uIvRe.png)
however as u can see its not perfect.
I would like to know how.
(Ai cc 2018) | 2019/01/24 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/119522",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/132314/"
] | There are various ways to get the effect of what you're asking in Illustrator, but they are slow and labor intensive. There is currently no way to do it by simply drawing tangents, unless you use a third party plugin. Fortunately, there is a cheap plugin made by Astute Graphics that allows you to very easily draw tangents between objects. As of today it's priced at $6.51, although there may be an exchange rate charge if you're ordering from a different currency that pounds, if I recall correctly. See video link:
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=13&v=fu4Sn6_Epdo>
I've been using Astute plugins for years and they are all extremely well made and I think every one has a video tutorial. | I suggest you draw it. Having snap to point and smart guides on you can draw a line between the circle centers. Select the line and goto Object > Path > Outline Stroke. Then you have a rectangle.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UOgRo.jpg)
You must select straight stroke ends in the strokes panel, if they are rounded.
If the circles are equal and the rectangle must be as wide as your circles are, then you simply draw only a rounded rectangle or a rounded line and no circles at all. |
119,522 | so my probleme is quite simple. i have 2 circles away from each other and not intersecting, I want to connect those 2 cirlces with a rectangle in the middle.
heres what I have
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KsDzW.png)
and heres what i want
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/uIvRe.png)
however as u can see its not perfect.
I would like to know how.
(Ai cc 2018) | 2019/01/24 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/119522",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/132314/"
] | Ok guys, thank you so much for you help, but I found the solution on another post using a script, which worked wonderfully.
<https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/a/69250/132314>
again thanks for you help. | I suggest you draw it. Having snap to point and smart guides on you can draw a line between the circle centers. Select the line and goto Object > Path > Outline Stroke. Then you have a rectangle.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UOgRo.jpg)
You must select straight stroke ends in the strokes panel, if they are rounded.
If the circles are equal and the rectangle must be as wide as your circles are, then you simply draw only a rounded rectangle or a rounded line and no circles at all. |
119,522 | so my probleme is quite simple. i have 2 circles away from each other and not intersecting, I want to connect those 2 cirlces with a rectangle in the middle.
heres what I have
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KsDzW.png)
and heres what i want
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/uIvRe.png)
however as u can see its not perfect.
I would like to know how.
(Ai cc 2018) | 2019/01/24 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/119522",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/132314/"
] | One easy option is to merely draw a **path with rounded end caps**.
* Switch to **Outline Mode** (View > Outline)
* Turn **on** the **Smart Guides** (View > Smart Guides) if they aren't already on
* Ensure the **center marker** is enabled in the **Attributes Panel**:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KkVH9.png)
Using the **Line Tool**, merely draw a path from the center of one circle to the other. The Smart Guides will tell you when you are at the center with the cursor.
Then merely adjust the stroke weight to match the width of the circles and tick the Rounded End Caps option on the **Stroke Panel**
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/1h16o.gif)
Related:
* [Illustrator: Is there an efficient and accurate way to join two circles by their tangents (and keep it editable)?](https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/69249/illustrator-is-there-an-efficient-and-accurate-way-to-join-two-circles-by-their)
* [How to smoothly connect a circle with rectangle shape at the tangent?](https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/68834/how-to-smoothly-connect-a-circle-with-rectangle-shape-at-the-tangent)
* [How to draw circle tangents and removing the inner lines?](https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/16598/how-to-draw-circle-tangents-and-removing-the-inner-lines)
* [Merging a semicircle with two parallel lines](https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/25548/merging-a-semicircle-with-two-parallel-lines) | There are various ways to get the effect of what you're asking in Illustrator, but they are slow and labor intensive. There is currently no way to do it by simply drawing tangents, unless you use a third party plugin. Fortunately, there is a cheap plugin made by Astute Graphics that allows you to very easily draw tangents between objects. As of today it's priced at $6.51, although there may be an exchange rate charge if you're ordering from a different currency that pounds, if I recall correctly. See video link:
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=13&v=fu4Sn6_Epdo>
I've been using Astute plugins for years and they are all extremely well made and I think every one has a video tutorial. |
119,522 | so my probleme is quite simple. i have 2 circles away from each other and not intersecting, I want to connect those 2 cirlces with a rectangle in the middle.
heres what I have
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KsDzW.png)
and heres what i want
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/uIvRe.png)
however as u can see its not perfect.
I would like to know how.
(Ai cc 2018) | 2019/01/24 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/119522",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/132314/"
] | One easy option is to merely draw a **path with rounded end caps**.
* Switch to **Outline Mode** (View > Outline)
* Turn **on** the **Smart Guides** (View > Smart Guides) if they aren't already on
* Ensure the **center marker** is enabled in the **Attributes Panel**:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KkVH9.png)
Using the **Line Tool**, merely draw a path from the center of one circle to the other. The Smart Guides will tell you when you are at the center with the cursor.
Then merely adjust the stroke weight to match the width of the circles and tick the Rounded End Caps option on the **Stroke Panel**
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/1h16o.gif)
Related:
* [Illustrator: Is there an efficient and accurate way to join two circles by their tangents (and keep it editable)?](https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/69249/illustrator-is-there-an-efficient-and-accurate-way-to-join-two-circles-by-their)
* [How to smoothly connect a circle with rectangle shape at the tangent?](https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/68834/how-to-smoothly-connect-a-circle-with-rectangle-shape-at-the-tangent)
* [How to draw circle tangents and removing the inner lines?](https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/16598/how-to-draw-circle-tangents-and-removing-the-inner-lines)
* [Merging a semicircle with two parallel lines](https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/25548/merging-a-semicircle-with-two-parallel-lines) | Ok guys, thank you so much for you help, but I found the solution on another post using a script, which worked wonderfully.
<https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/a/69250/132314>
again thanks for you help. |
892,734 | I’m not sure when this started happening but every device (e.g. laptop, phones, tablets, etc…) at home, Google thinks I’m in Korea when I’m actually in Canada. I tried using [Geo IP Tool](http://www.geoiptool.com) to double-check and it shows I’m in Canada as well.
Where do I begin troubleshooting this? I tried going through my router and there’s nothing I could find relating to locale. | 2015/03/23 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/892734",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/430572/"
] | Windows XP doesn't have drivers for the Intel PRO/1000 card. Try selecting the PCNet FAST III network card instead. You can set it in the VM settings. | Depending on what you are trying to achieve with your network adapter settings, host-only is not the correct setting for you if you actually want the VM to have a network connection outside of the host you are running it on...
I am running an XP VM with fairly recent version of Oracle VirtualBox, and my network settings are as follows (configured as Adapter 1):
Attached to: Bridged Adapter
Name: (Here you select your host card from the dropdown)
Under Advanced:
Adapter Type: PCnet-FAST III (Am79C973)
Promiscuous Mode: Deny
MAC Address: (Just hit the refresh button to the right)
Tick "Cable Connected", make sure it is checked.
Also remember to install your Guest additions:
<https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch04.html> |
892,734 | I’m not sure when this started happening but every device (e.g. laptop, phones, tablets, etc…) at home, Google thinks I’m in Korea when I’m actually in Canada. I tried using [Geo IP Tool](http://www.geoiptool.com) to double-check and it shows I’m in Canada as well.
Where do I begin troubleshooting this? I tried going through my router and there’s nothing I could find relating to locale. | 2015/03/23 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/892734",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/430572/"
] | Windows XP doesn't have drivers for the Intel PRO/1000 card. Try selecting the PCNet FAST III network card instead. You can set it in the VM settings. | Download the right driver from [here](https://downloadcenter.intel.com/download/18717/Network-Adapter-Drivers-for-Windows-XP-Final-Release)
Move and install the driver on your windows XP using the shared folder
Power off the machine
Configure the your adapter on NAT network
Next boot you will get the network working |
892,734 | I’m not sure when this started happening but every device (e.g. laptop, phones, tablets, etc…) at home, Google thinks I’m in Korea when I’m actually in Canada. I tried using [Geo IP Tool](http://www.geoiptool.com) to double-check and it shows I’m in Canada as well.
Where do I begin troubleshooting this? I tried going through my router and there’s nothing I could find relating to locale. | 2015/03/23 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/892734",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/430572/"
] | Windows XP doesn't have drivers for the Intel PRO/1000 card. Try selecting the PCNet FAST III network card instead. You can set it in the VM settings. | I had the same issue and it took me a long time to find the right adapter but you have to shut down the VirtualBox machine by selecting "Power off the machine" - do not select "save the machine state" or "send the shutdown power" - to be able to access the varied list of network adapters in the Oracle VM dashboard settings. IF you don't do this, it will be greyed out and you would not be able to select anything. I had to do this each time to find the right network adapter that would finally populate..... otherwise all I had was a blank dropdown. |
892,734 | I’m not sure when this started happening but every device (e.g. laptop, phones, tablets, etc…) at home, Google thinks I’m in Korea when I’m actually in Canada. I tried using [Geo IP Tool](http://www.geoiptool.com) to double-check and it shows I’m in Canada as well.
Where do I begin troubleshooting this? I tried going through my router and there’s nothing I could find relating to locale. | 2015/03/23 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/892734",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/430572/"
] | Windows XP doesn't have drivers for the Intel PRO/1000 card. Try selecting the PCNet FAST III network card instead. You can set it in the VM settings. | Intel stopped offering the drivers from their website. You can still get it from the Internet Archive. [Archived Download Link](https://web.archive.org/web/20190807131701/https://downloadcenter.intel.com/download/18717/Network-Adapter-Drivers-for-Windows-XP-Final-Release) |
892,734 | I’m not sure when this started happening but every device (e.g. laptop, phones, tablets, etc…) at home, Google thinks I’m in Korea when I’m actually in Canada. I tried using [Geo IP Tool](http://www.geoiptool.com) to double-check and it shows I’m in Canada as well.
Where do I begin troubleshooting this? I tried going through my router and there’s nothing I could find relating to locale. | 2015/03/23 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/892734",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/430572/"
] | Depending on what you are trying to achieve with your network adapter settings, host-only is not the correct setting for you if you actually want the VM to have a network connection outside of the host you are running it on...
I am running an XP VM with fairly recent version of Oracle VirtualBox, and my network settings are as follows (configured as Adapter 1):
Attached to: Bridged Adapter
Name: (Here you select your host card from the dropdown)
Under Advanced:
Adapter Type: PCnet-FAST III (Am79C973)
Promiscuous Mode: Deny
MAC Address: (Just hit the refresh button to the right)
Tick "Cable Connected", make sure it is checked.
Also remember to install your Guest additions:
<https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch04.html> | Download the right driver from [here](https://downloadcenter.intel.com/download/18717/Network-Adapter-Drivers-for-Windows-XP-Final-Release)
Move and install the driver on your windows XP using the shared folder
Power off the machine
Configure the your adapter on NAT network
Next boot you will get the network working |
892,734 | I’m not sure when this started happening but every device (e.g. laptop, phones, tablets, etc…) at home, Google thinks I’m in Korea when I’m actually in Canada. I tried using [Geo IP Tool](http://www.geoiptool.com) to double-check and it shows I’m in Canada as well.
Where do I begin troubleshooting this? I tried going through my router and there’s nothing I could find relating to locale. | 2015/03/23 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/892734",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/430572/"
] | Depending on what you are trying to achieve with your network adapter settings, host-only is not the correct setting for you if you actually want the VM to have a network connection outside of the host you are running it on...
I am running an XP VM with fairly recent version of Oracle VirtualBox, and my network settings are as follows (configured as Adapter 1):
Attached to: Bridged Adapter
Name: (Here you select your host card from the dropdown)
Under Advanced:
Adapter Type: PCnet-FAST III (Am79C973)
Promiscuous Mode: Deny
MAC Address: (Just hit the refresh button to the right)
Tick "Cable Connected", make sure it is checked.
Also remember to install your Guest additions:
<https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch04.html> | I had the same issue and it took me a long time to find the right adapter but you have to shut down the VirtualBox machine by selecting "Power off the machine" - do not select "save the machine state" or "send the shutdown power" - to be able to access the varied list of network adapters in the Oracle VM dashboard settings. IF you don't do this, it will be greyed out and you would not be able to select anything. I had to do this each time to find the right network adapter that would finally populate..... otherwise all I had was a blank dropdown. |
892,734 | I’m not sure when this started happening but every device (e.g. laptop, phones, tablets, etc…) at home, Google thinks I’m in Korea when I’m actually in Canada. I tried using [Geo IP Tool](http://www.geoiptool.com) to double-check and it shows I’m in Canada as well.
Where do I begin troubleshooting this? I tried going through my router and there’s nothing I could find relating to locale. | 2015/03/23 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/892734",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/430572/"
] | Depending on what you are trying to achieve with your network adapter settings, host-only is not the correct setting for you if you actually want the VM to have a network connection outside of the host you are running it on...
I am running an XP VM with fairly recent version of Oracle VirtualBox, and my network settings are as follows (configured as Adapter 1):
Attached to: Bridged Adapter
Name: (Here you select your host card from the dropdown)
Under Advanced:
Adapter Type: PCnet-FAST III (Am79C973)
Promiscuous Mode: Deny
MAC Address: (Just hit the refresh button to the right)
Tick "Cable Connected", make sure it is checked.
Also remember to install your Guest additions:
<https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch04.html> | Intel stopped offering the drivers from their website. You can still get it from the Internet Archive. [Archived Download Link](https://web.archive.org/web/20190807131701/https://downloadcenter.intel.com/download/18717/Network-Adapter-Drivers-for-Windows-XP-Final-Release) |
892,734 | I’m not sure when this started happening but every device (e.g. laptop, phones, tablets, etc…) at home, Google thinks I’m in Korea when I’m actually in Canada. I tried using [Geo IP Tool](http://www.geoiptool.com) to double-check and it shows I’m in Canada as well.
Where do I begin troubleshooting this? I tried going through my router and there’s nothing I could find relating to locale. | 2015/03/23 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/892734",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/430572/"
] | Download the right driver from [here](https://downloadcenter.intel.com/download/18717/Network-Adapter-Drivers-for-Windows-XP-Final-Release)
Move and install the driver on your windows XP using the shared folder
Power off the machine
Configure the your adapter on NAT network
Next boot you will get the network working | I had the same issue and it took me a long time to find the right adapter but you have to shut down the VirtualBox machine by selecting "Power off the machine" - do not select "save the machine state" or "send the shutdown power" - to be able to access the varied list of network adapters in the Oracle VM dashboard settings. IF you don't do this, it will be greyed out and you would not be able to select anything. I had to do this each time to find the right network adapter that would finally populate..... otherwise all I had was a blank dropdown. |
892,734 | I’m not sure when this started happening but every device (e.g. laptop, phones, tablets, etc…) at home, Google thinks I’m in Korea when I’m actually in Canada. I tried using [Geo IP Tool](http://www.geoiptool.com) to double-check and it shows I’m in Canada as well.
Where do I begin troubleshooting this? I tried going through my router and there’s nothing I could find relating to locale. | 2015/03/23 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/892734",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/430572/"
] | Download the right driver from [here](https://downloadcenter.intel.com/download/18717/Network-Adapter-Drivers-for-Windows-XP-Final-Release)
Move and install the driver on your windows XP using the shared folder
Power off the machine
Configure the your adapter on NAT network
Next boot you will get the network working | Intel stopped offering the drivers from their website. You can still get it from the Internet Archive. [Archived Download Link](https://web.archive.org/web/20190807131701/https://downloadcenter.intel.com/download/18717/Network-Adapter-Drivers-for-Windows-XP-Final-Release) |
7,473 | I have a picture of a map of Europe with proper borders.
I need to color each country in different shades of color according to certain properties of the country. This is trivial manually in PS or GIMP with the Fill tool. However, I need to do it many times over, with different colors for different use cases, so I would want to automate it. I'm comfortable programming, but have zero experience in scripting graphical tools.
Any hints on what the best way to do it would be? Imagemagick, Gimp? If at all possible, I would prefer free tools (since it's a one off thing, i dont want to invest into PS). | 2012/05/17 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/7473",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/4600/"
] | If I were to do this "from the ground up," I might make each country shape its own layer black only, with the layers named uniquely, and apply a layer effect "color overlay." To achieve the desired color, and a stroke to define the outline. If there is more detail to the map, and you only want to alter the background color, you can overlay other items with a different layer.
Flood fill can be tricky depending on non-contiguous areas and anti-aliasing of the item, so the layer effect would probably give you an easier time.
To view all countries, you toggle all layers visible. To programmatically change a color, you can now reference the layer by its unique ID, and then alter the color overlay property.
The specifics of how to do this will depend on your need and the program you use. I know that both GIMP and PS are scriptable (and AFAIK, support color overlay and stroke).
With Photoshop, you can use vbscript and then have access to the OS file system (I don't think javascript allows this?). The benefit of this is that you could create a data file with the country's layer name and color info (etc) and possibly calculate different things on the fly. It also supports variables and data files IIRC (the limits of which I am not familiar).
Knowing open source, GIMP *probably* gives you deeper access to the backend for scripting. | I'd be tempted to write my own code in my favourite language using the ImageMagick library.
You could create a lookup table with names of countries linked to a point (or points if there are islands) within their borders, then you can pass the name of the country to [flood fill](http://www.php.net/manual/en/imagick.colorfloodfillimage.php) it.
Handling anti-aliased edges might be difficult though. |
14,328 | I am doing [Biceps Barbell Curls](http://www.exrx.net/WeightExercises/Biceps/BBCurl.html). When I do them my hand is really sore around the [Brachioradialis](http://www.exrx.net/Muscles/Brachioradialis.html) area.
I have been doing this exercise for months now. I started having these problems last week.
What should I do? | 2013/10/23 | [
"https://fitness.stackexchange.com/questions/14328",
"https://fitness.stackexchange.com",
"https://fitness.stackexchange.com/users/7010/"
] | If the pain is sharp, you may have developed some tendinitis. Sometimes it originates from the elbow and radiates down the forearm, other times it radiates up the biceps. In either case the solution is the same:
* Reduce intensity on the exercise causing pain, see if you can find an alternate variation that doesn't cause pain.
* Increase volume on the opposing muscles.
An alternate form of curl that is easier on your elbows is the hammer curl. It's worth doing while you are rehabing the elbow. If you were only using the empty bar for curls before, you can load with dumbbells that below that weight.
You will need to increase the pressing work. Particularly because you have both chin-ups and curls in your routine. You should be able to press more than you curl, but keep the reps in the 15-20 range. This has the benefit of moving more blood through the joint and flushing out the inflammation.
If you alternate flat bench, incline bench, and overhead press you will hit everything from different angles. 5 sets of 15-20 reps of any pressing movement a day for 5 days in a week with relatively light weight will be a good place to start with the rehab.
If you are weighting your chinups this is a time to do strict body weight. Additionally, if you can I would switch to pull ups (palms away) while you are rehabbing, and then alternate chin-ups and pull ups afterwards. If you can't do strict pull ups yet, do 4 sets of 8 pull up negatives (just a slow controlled descent). The different orientation will help the weaker muscles in your forearm to catch up and work your grip differently than the barbell curl and chin ups do. | Sounds like you need to work out your Brax and possibly lighten the weight.
In my experience when doing barbell curls/concentration curls I would get an intense sharp pain from my brax to my elbow (yours may be to wrist). This is because I transitioned too soon into heavier weights thinking it would help define my biceps oppose to higher volume lighter weights which really would define my biceps.
My sister is a personal trainer and advised I incorporate some hammer curls into my routine. I did an alternating hammer curl style, just 4 sets of 20 with a lighter weight, maybe 25lb DBs...really works your bi's and forearms increasing your muscular endurance and strength overall.
I would firstly do that (incorporate hammer curls into routine), then take the same weight in hammer curls and start there with your barbell curls, or as close as possible maybe a little heavier, see if the soreness goes away, should improve after a week or two of hammer curls. |
6,840 | Circumstances beyond my control require that I move, and it is just not possible to take my pet with me. I have a hard move date coming up, I have contacted the no kill shelter in my area and they will not take my pet. I have posted advertisements locally and have not found a new home.
There is an open door shelter in the area, but they are not a no kill shelter. I love my pet and I want them to find a new home, but I am running out of time, and don't know where to go from here. | 2014/11/25 | [
"https://pets.stackexchange.com/questions/6840",
"https://pets.stackexchange.com",
"https://pets.stackexchange.com/users/13/"
] | Everyone who loves their pet and has run out of options for re-homing would love to be able to place them in a restricted access shelter, where they can be confident the pet will have a home until it's new forever home can be found. Unfortunately this is not always possible. A restricted access shelter in our area reports it has [space for 250 animals and gets 300 requests for placement per week](http://www.thinkingoutsidethecage.org/site/c.elKWIeOUIhJ6H/b.8580163/k.1E25/Admissions.htm). Any number of factor can prevent your pet from being accepted at the shelter, [it may or may not be possible to influence placement](https://pets.stackexchange.com/questions/6874)
Local advertisement placed so you can re-home your pet directly, may not bring results. Even if people do respond, [they may not be acceptable.](https://pets.stackexchange.com/questions/5485)
If your pet is older, finding a good home may be extremely problematic. Two options to consider are long term boarding, or [euthanasia](https://pets.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/euthanasia) both of these options have significant implications and would be your very last options.
If your pet is a papered pure breed, or on looks like they are a pure breed, contacting organizations that specialize in that breed/species may lead you to list of people interested in your pet, but don't have the funds to purchase.
Use your personal and professional contacts to search for people considering a pet. A large percentage of re-homes are friend to friend, of friend of a friend.
Lastly don't rule out open door shelters, [open door may not mean what you think it does](https://pets.stackexchange.com/questions/1518/what-is-the-difference-between-open-door-and-limited-access-shelter-policies/6068#6068). If you do take your pet to an open door shelter you can improve your pets adopt-ability by include a bio sheet that talks about their good qualities, and states why you had to be separated from them. If there are several open door shelters in your area, visit them, see what they look like, the ones with lots of volunteers are going to be the safest. Ask specifically about whatever concerns you have. Some shelters will include the intake date on the pets description (I know ours does). If you see intake dates that are week and months ago, and you see volunteers taking dogs for walks, cuddling cats, and taking [bunnies for romps](http://www.wpahumane.org/bunny-romps) you can sure that everything possible is being done to ensure positive re-homing occurs. | You can try posting on Craigslist, it has a wider reach than paper advertisements and is usually free. Do you have friends in the area who might be able to take care of your pet for a short period of time while you look for another home for them. |
257,887 | I need to charge a capacitor up to 640 V (from a 3V) source for an embedded systems project I'm working on. I've considered other options, such as voltage multipliers and Hulda-Clark based zapper circuits, and I think the following will be a better solution, given my space constraints.
I plan to use this Linear Technologies chip: [http://www.linear.com/product/LT3484](http://www.linear.com/product/LT3484 "LT3484 Photoflash Capacitor Charger")
to control the charging, but I'm having some difficulty finding a small flyback transformer with a 1:20 turns ratio suitable for this application.
I have found a current sense transformer that's the right size and turns ratio:
[TDK Current Sense Transformer B82801B01](https://en.tdk.eu/inf/85/ds/b82801b.pdf "TDK Current Sense Transformer"), but its a current sense transformer and not a flyback transformer. | 2016/09/14 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/257887",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/123713/"
] | The Laplace transform has some nice properties that help to get more insight into the behavior of linear systems.
A very nice property is that the Laplace transform evaluated along the jw-axis is equivalent to the Fourier transform, which is less abstract and easier to understand. This of course brings us back to question, why we didn't use the Fourier transform in the first place.
The answer is quite simple. We often have to analyze and work with systems that are unstable or where we want to determine whether they are stable or not. In such cases the Fourier transform fails (=does not exist). This is the reason the Laplace transform was introduced. It includes an additional term that helps the integral to converge and therefore the Laplace transform can be applied to a broader range of problems and applications. | So typically I use the Fourier domain to analyze a signal and it's frequency components. In the Fourier domain you can do tricks to manipulate the signal (like multiply by a step function to do a LP or HP or BP filter). Although last time I was faced with this I just did the convolution of the signal against a sinc function (easier to write in a program and faster).
The Laplace domain is more so used for system analysis and control theory. Typically you will start out with the transformed version -> like a capacitor is Z = 1/(sC). And once you have figured out the transfer function of your whole system, you can see how it responds to inputs (often you will do a frequency sweep or a nyquist plot).
These concepts are not mutually exclusive. I believe Fourier is a specific case of the more generalized Laplace case (please correct me if I am wrong or elaborate as necessary because I really don't remember this point). |
9,896 | I am working on a game involving flying and steering a paper airplane for WP7. I want the plane to fly just like how normal paper airplanes fly (see this game for an example <http://armorgames.com/play/7598/flight>) but I can't seem to find an equation for how paper airplanes fly.
Anyone have any experience with this? In my game now, it just follows the usual motion for an object in a vacuum, which makes for some flight, but it doesn't feel perfect, and traveling at a slight downward angle makes you lose speed, which isn't right.
Thoughts? | 2011/05/16 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/9896",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/3552/"
] | There is no simple equation for how a paper airplane flies like there is for a simple projectile because the airplane can interact with the air in complicated ways.
The physics of a paper airplane is described by [Newton's laws of motion](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_laws_of_motion). These laws apply to both the airplane and the air it travels through. The plane is acted on by a [constant gravitational force](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_gravity) and by [contact forces](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_force) with the air, especially [drag](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_%28physics%29) and [lift](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift_%28force%29).
The nature of the force between the air and the plane can be quite complicated, and requires an extremely detailed analysis for accurate simulation. For example, by constructing the plane slightly differently, you can make it fly faster, slower, further, curve left or right, or bob up and down.
The basic physical ideas are those of [fluid dynamics](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_dynamics) and the basic equation involved is the [Navier-Stokes equation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navier%E2%80%93Stokes_equations). Modeling something like an airplane accurately is mostly the domain of expertise of aeronautical engineers.
To make a simple model for a game, you might want to start with a simple constant gravity force, a drag force proportional to the square of the velocity, and a lift force also proportional to the square of velocity (which comes from [here](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift_%28force%29#Lift_coefficient)), and then play around with the parameters until you find something pleasing to your eye. | Paper airplanes are like real airplanes in their basic physics. Some points:
They should be mildly nose-heavy. (The tail actually presses downward, to counteract the nose-heaviness.) If they are too nose-heavy, they will just arrow into the ground.
If they are tail heavy, they will go up, and then slide backward.
If they are neutral-balanced, they will go up and down with a scalloped motion.
If they are mildly nose-heavy, they will be stable, because if they slow down, the nose will drop, which makes them go faster, thus more lift, which brings the nose back up.
The speed is determined by how much up-elevator you put on the back.
If you put a lot of up-elevator, they will tend to turn up, which slows them down, so they will be stable at a slower speed.
If you put neutral elevator, they will have to be going much faster to bring the nose up, so they will tend to fly faster.
A paper airplane, like any airplane, will always descend unless something is pushing it.
That's because by descending it is using gravity to overcome its drag and keep its speed up.
If you want it to stay up longer, trim the elevator up so that it travels more slowly.
Also, anything you can do to reduce drag will help it stay up.
If you want it to go in a straight line, rather than turn, all you can do is try to balance it left-to-right.
That's a problem with airplanes in general.
There's very little you can do to make them stable in the roll axis.
That's why when pilots wander into clouds, where they can't see a horizon, they can easily get into a spiral, unless they can keep the wings level by trusting their instruments. |
9,896 | I am working on a game involving flying and steering a paper airplane for WP7. I want the plane to fly just like how normal paper airplanes fly (see this game for an example <http://armorgames.com/play/7598/flight>) but I can't seem to find an equation for how paper airplanes fly.
Anyone have any experience with this? In my game now, it just follows the usual motion for an object in a vacuum, which makes for some flight, but it doesn't feel perfect, and traveling at a slight downward angle makes you lose speed, which isn't right.
Thoughts? | 2011/05/16 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/9896",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/3552/"
] | There is no simple equation for how a paper airplane flies like there is for a simple projectile because the airplane can interact with the air in complicated ways.
The physics of a paper airplane is described by [Newton's laws of motion](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_laws_of_motion). These laws apply to both the airplane and the air it travels through. The plane is acted on by a [constant gravitational force](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_gravity) and by [contact forces](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_force) with the air, especially [drag](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_%28physics%29) and [lift](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift_%28force%29).
The nature of the force between the air and the plane can be quite complicated, and requires an extremely detailed analysis for accurate simulation. For example, by constructing the plane slightly differently, you can make it fly faster, slower, further, curve left or right, or bob up and down.
The basic physical ideas are those of [fluid dynamics](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_dynamics) and the basic equation involved is the [Navier-Stokes equation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navier%E2%80%93Stokes_equations). Modeling something like an airplane accurately is mostly the domain of expertise of aeronautical engineers.
To make a simple model for a game, you might want to start with a simple constant gravity force, a drag force proportional to the square of the velocity, and a lift force also proportional to the square of velocity (which comes from [here](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift_%28force%29#Lift_coefficient)), and then play around with the parameters until you find something pleasing to your eye. | I agree with all the answers above barring the comment that it’s not complicated. Most paper aeroplanes fly via vortex lift. This means that yes, some air is deflected down, but there is also much more than simple Newtonian physics going on: just like with normal aircraft. However, in normal aircraft the curved upper surface causes a higher flow velocity, circulation around the wing and lower fluid pressure on top. In a sense paper aeroplanes are simpler: they create a vortex that runs down the leading edge of the wing. This means that air flowing over the wing will suddenly encounter a low pressure area immediately behind this vortex, and as a result the wing is sucked up into the flow. How this is modelled is extremely complex but I would recommend using some sort of CFD website coupled with reading up on vortex lift. |
9,896 | I am working on a game involving flying and steering a paper airplane for WP7. I want the plane to fly just like how normal paper airplanes fly (see this game for an example <http://armorgames.com/play/7598/flight>) but I can't seem to find an equation for how paper airplanes fly.
Anyone have any experience with this? In my game now, it just follows the usual motion for an object in a vacuum, which makes for some flight, but it doesn't feel perfect, and traveling at a slight downward angle makes you lose speed, which isn't right.
Thoughts? | 2011/05/16 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/9896",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/3552/"
] | Paper airplanes are like real airplanes in their basic physics. Some points:
They should be mildly nose-heavy. (The tail actually presses downward, to counteract the nose-heaviness.) If they are too nose-heavy, they will just arrow into the ground.
If they are tail heavy, they will go up, and then slide backward.
If they are neutral-balanced, they will go up and down with a scalloped motion.
If they are mildly nose-heavy, they will be stable, because if they slow down, the nose will drop, which makes them go faster, thus more lift, which brings the nose back up.
The speed is determined by how much up-elevator you put on the back.
If you put a lot of up-elevator, they will tend to turn up, which slows them down, so they will be stable at a slower speed.
If you put neutral elevator, they will have to be going much faster to bring the nose up, so they will tend to fly faster.
A paper airplane, like any airplane, will always descend unless something is pushing it.
That's because by descending it is using gravity to overcome its drag and keep its speed up.
If you want it to stay up longer, trim the elevator up so that it travels more slowly.
Also, anything you can do to reduce drag will help it stay up.
If you want it to go in a straight line, rather than turn, all you can do is try to balance it left-to-right.
That's a problem with airplanes in general.
There's very little you can do to make them stable in the roll axis.
That's why when pilots wander into clouds, where they can't see a horizon, they can easily get into a spiral, unless they can keep the wings level by trusting their instruments. | I agree with all the answers above barring the comment that it’s not complicated. Most paper aeroplanes fly via vortex lift. This means that yes, some air is deflected down, but there is also much more than simple Newtonian physics going on: just like with normal aircraft. However, in normal aircraft the curved upper surface causes a higher flow velocity, circulation around the wing and lower fluid pressure on top. In a sense paper aeroplanes are simpler: they create a vortex that runs down the leading edge of the wing. This means that air flowing over the wing will suddenly encounter a low pressure area immediately behind this vortex, and as a result the wing is sucked up into the flow. How this is modelled is extremely complex but I would recommend using some sort of CFD website coupled with reading up on vortex lift. |
442,291 | I am doing some research about using a LDO as a constant current LED driver and For this project, it is imperative that the LEDs remain as stable as possible. I also need to be able to easily adjust the brightness of the LEDs. I have a few clarification questions about the setup.
I would like to use an LT3085 as a constant current LED driver as described [here](https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/technical-articles/need-a-current-regulator-use-a-voltage-regulator/) and in the image below. The LEDs that I am planning on using are [red Osram LRW5SM](https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/OSRAM-Opto-Semiconductors/LR-W5SM-HZJZ-1-1?qs=sGAEpiMZZMu4Prknbu83y2bVDy%2FfnbrNWnvKJBAHG60%3D), which have a forward voltage of 2.0-2.6V and a forward current of 100-1000 mA. I am planning on using one LDO to control one LED.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/eckLB.png)
My questions/clarifications:
1. To achieve a 2.2V voltage across the LED, I should place a 220k resistor at the SET pin, correct?
2. In order to adjust the current across the LED from 100mA to 500mA (max output of this LDO) with a 220k resistor at the SET pin, I would need a ~4.4-22 Ohm potentiometer (this seems pretty low) at the OUT pin, correct? [LED current = 10uA \* (R1/R2)]
3. What should I power this LDO with? Would a lab power supply work, or should I use a battery? What voltage?
4. Is there a better LDO option altogether for what I'm trying to do? | 2019/06/06 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/442291",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/222246/"
] | A better idea would be to use the LT3085 in constant current mode, with a potentiometer it could be adjustable. At 50k this would give you the full 500mA, 10k would give you 100mA ect. Place the diode on the output after the 1 ohm resistor going to ground.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vBKMl.png) | 1) That's incorrect. First of all, you **don't** want to set a constant voltage of 2.2V across the LED, you want a constant current of 100mA. You must choose the ratio of R1:R2 to be equal to the ratio of the desired LED current to 10 microampere
2) You could use a potentiometer either for R1 or R2, but your stability will suffer if you use a mechanical potentiometer.
3) A lab supply or battery would work. The voltage needs to be at least 1.6V more than the **maximum** LED forward voltage plus the voltage across R2. Sounds like you will want something in the vicinity of 6V to 10V. Be very careful about thermal design...make sure that the heatsinking is good or the device would go into thermal shutdown.
4) Possibly, but we don't recommend specific parts here. If you really want "as stable as possible" then you will probably need to spend a lot more money. |
3,962 | **Genre** : Romance + Thriller (Thriller, in the sense there is no crime nor shooting)
**Actors** : Male part is played by someone similar in age/appearance to Ryan Reynolds/Gosling. Female protagonist, not sure. There is a 3rd actress who is 'not much shown in scenes' but plays a *very important* role in this movie.
**Date** : A movie probably in the timeline 2003 - 2010. Its a 2000s movie anyway.
**Story**: I faintly remember it and there are 2 possible plots and one of them is right:
Plot 1: The hero and heroine meet each other and fall in love and due to some turn of events get separated geographically and are remaining apart. In the course of the movie they are in their run to meet each other.
Plot2: The hero and heroine have not met each other in person but knows about each other by some form of indirect communication. In the course of the movie they are in their run to meet each other.
Be it Plot1 or Plot2, the 3rd female actor I mentioned about is a friend of the female lover. She knows about the 2 lovers and their relationship. During the course of the movie she acts to keep them separated/meeting from each other. But this intention of hers is only revealed at the end of the movie and is the "suspense". It turns out that it was only because this 3rd female character had a crush on the male protagonist. The 3rd character herself confesses about all what she had done to keep them from meeting each other. But eventually both the lovers are united. | 2012/08/28 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/3962",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/1980/"
] | I found it. The movie is [Wicker Park](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0324554/).
I remember seeing the hero in a movie with Morgan Freeman and Bruce Willis. I googled both the names together and bumped into [Lucky Number Slevin](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0425210/) and searched the cast to find out the hero's name. Then from imdb I searched his movie list and got it :) I had seen this movie earlier. The 3rd character I was mentioning about is played by 'Rose Byrne'. | Is it ["My Best Friend's Wedding"](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0119738/) with Julia Roberts?
As per IMDB:
>
> When a woman's long-time friend says he's engaged, she realizes she
> loves him herself... and sets out to get him, with only days before
> the wedding.
>
>
>
It kind of sounds like the description above. |
963,291 | We have an application written in C language which interacts with Oracle database. This application is an executable and runs on unix platform. We need to expose this application over http as web service for others to consume.
I thought of using JNI and CXF for webservice and run the application in tomcat.
Is this a right solution or there are other possibilities?
I found Axis2 supporting C language to write webservice. I have no experience of C language. Is Axis2 in C is good? What http server I can use to deploy the app? Would Apache webserver siffice in this case?
EDIT: The command line is not an option as though I mentioned its an exe but the part which I have to expose don't have any command line available and its bit hard as it needs complicated data structure as input. | 2009/06/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/963291",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/57423/"
] | It depends on a few factors. Vinko's method requires the app has a good clean command-line interface. Further, creating a new process for every webservice request will limit the number of requests that can be serviced. This may or may not be okay depending on how big the audience is expected to be.
If there's not that great a command-line interface and you want to maximize the number of requests you can serve, that then leaves you two main choices. Write the web service in Java, and call out to C with JNI or [JNA](https://github.com/twall/jna/). Or, write it in pure C or C++. The last is probably not advisable if the responsible developers don't know any C.
EDIT: Given that command-line is not an option, I recommend Java with JNI or JNA. | Consider using the Apache Foundation package [Axis2/C](http://ws.apache.org/axis2/c/). It is a pretty solid interface, though it still has slightly limited portability (works out of the box on Linux, but not on Solaris, for example - needs some tweaks).
However, since you say you don't have the experience in C, that may make it too daunting for you. On the other hand, you say the code you're trying to convert to a web service is in C (plus perhaps Oracle OCI); that means that you are going to find it hard to avoid learning some C to get things working. |
963,291 | We have an application written in C language which interacts with Oracle database. This application is an executable and runs on unix platform. We need to expose this application over http as web service for others to consume.
I thought of using JNI and CXF for webservice and run the application in tomcat.
Is this a right solution or there are other possibilities?
I found Axis2 supporting C language to write webservice. I have no experience of C language. Is Axis2 in C is good? What http server I can use to deploy the app? Would Apache webserver siffice in this case?
EDIT: The command line is not an option as though I mentioned its an exe but the part which I have to expose don't have any command line available and its bit hard as it needs complicated data structure as input. | 2009/06/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/963291",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/57423/"
] | It depends on a few factors. Vinko's method requires the app has a good clean command-line interface. Further, creating a new process for every webservice request will limit the number of requests that can be serviced. This may or may not be okay depending on how big the audience is expected to be.
If there's not that great a command-line interface and you want to maximize the number of requests you can serve, that then leaves you two main choices. Write the web service in Java, and call out to C with JNI or [JNA](https://github.com/twall/jna/). Or, write it in pure C or C++. The last is probably not advisable if the responsible developers don't know any C.
EDIT: Given that command-line is not an option, I recommend Java with JNI or JNA. | After using Axis2/C on the server-side for more than two years, I strongly NOT recommend using Axis2/C for any server-side code for the following reasons:
1. It is full of memory leaks. Namely, service code generated from WSDL leaks, simple HTTP server leaks, CGI module leaks (which is not a problem if you use it as a basic CGI, but a major problem if you use it from FastCGI or similar, or reuse the code). The only part of the HTTP-server code in Axis2/C I didn't check so far is mod\_axis2 module for Apache2. Maybe it's better.
2. Axis2/C doesn't have any HTTP server implementation that you could embed easily in your C app: the "simple HTTP server" leaks and it doesn't support HTTP keep-alives (closes connection after every request). I had to implement a server myself based on boost::asio HTTP server examples and Axis2/C CGI module. Spent 1 day on implementation and 4 days to remove all the memory leaks. This proportion seems standard for any Axis2/C-related work. Do you want to spend days and nights with valgrind, debugging memory leaks and double-free's?
3. Most important, the project is NOT actively maintained: there are a lot of issues with patches in their JIRA, but it takes months and years to review and apply the patches. I doubt if any serious project uses it for server-side. My plan in a long-term is to clone it into GIT and maintain the patched version on github (I have to support the code already implemented with Axis2/C for years).
P.S. in my next web-services related subproject I will use JNI to embed Jetty + CXF. |
963,291 | We have an application written in C language which interacts with Oracle database. This application is an executable and runs on unix platform. We need to expose this application over http as web service for others to consume.
I thought of using JNI and CXF for webservice and run the application in tomcat.
Is this a right solution or there are other possibilities?
I found Axis2 supporting C language to write webservice. I have no experience of C language. Is Axis2 in C is good? What http server I can use to deploy the app? Would Apache webserver siffice in this case?
EDIT: The command line is not an option as though I mentioned its an exe but the part which I have to expose don't have any command line available and its bit hard as it needs complicated data structure as input. | 2009/06/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/963291",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/57423/"
] | Consider using the Apache Foundation package [Axis2/C](http://ws.apache.org/axis2/c/). It is a pretty solid interface, though it still has slightly limited portability (works out of the box on Linux, but not on Solaris, for example - needs some tweaks).
However, since you say you don't have the experience in C, that may make it too daunting for you. On the other hand, you say the code you're trying to convert to a web service is in C (plus perhaps Oracle OCI); that means that you are going to find it hard to avoid learning some C to get things working. | After using Axis2/C on the server-side for more than two years, I strongly NOT recommend using Axis2/C for any server-side code for the following reasons:
1. It is full of memory leaks. Namely, service code generated from WSDL leaks, simple HTTP server leaks, CGI module leaks (which is not a problem if you use it as a basic CGI, but a major problem if you use it from FastCGI or similar, or reuse the code). The only part of the HTTP-server code in Axis2/C I didn't check so far is mod\_axis2 module for Apache2. Maybe it's better.
2. Axis2/C doesn't have any HTTP server implementation that you could embed easily in your C app: the "simple HTTP server" leaks and it doesn't support HTTP keep-alives (closes connection after every request). I had to implement a server myself based on boost::asio HTTP server examples and Axis2/C CGI module. Spent 1 day on implementation and 4 days to remove all the memory leaks. This proportion seems standard for any Axis2/C-related work. Do you want to spend days and nights with valgrind, debugging memory leaks and double-free's?
3. Most important, the project is NOT actively maintained: there are a lot of issues with patches in their JIRA, but it takes months and years to review and apply the patches. I doubt if any serious project uses it for server-side. My plan in a long-term is to clone it into GIT and maintain the patched version on github (I have to support the code already implemented with Axis2/C for years).
P.S. in my next web-services related subproject I will use JNI to embed Jetty + CXF. |
387,855 | I am pretty new to SMPS circuits. I understand there's a bleeder resistor, a flyback diode circuit to power the transistorized osc circuit. I guess that the current around the MOSFET will be like a pulse train.
Q1: What is the role of R1, D1 & C1? Is it a buck converter? Does D1 ensures biasing to R1 is not disturbed?
Q2: What role does R2 play? Restrict current to the MOSFET and biasing?
Q3: Does C2 block the biased DC voltage from entering the fly-back circuit?
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UCsYB.png) | 2018/07/26 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/387855",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/192077/"
] | >
> Q1 What is the role of R1, D1 & C1? Is it a buck converter? Does D1
> ensures biasing to R1 is not disturbed?
>
>
>
It's a flyback converter and R1, D1 and C1 are there to catch unusable energy when the MOSFET opens. The unusable energy is because only about 95% of the magnetic energy is usable in the secondary. Without those components there would be a sizable back emf and more than likely, the MOSFET would smoke on over-voltage.
>
> Q2 What role does R2 play ? Restrict current to the MOSFET and
> biasing?
>
>
>
When the MOSFET turns on, current ramps up through the transformer primary and can hit saturation limits if this isn't taken care of. The voltage across R2 starts to turn on the NPN transistor when current is hitting the allowable limit and this mechanism stops current rising any more.
>
> Q3 Does C2 block the biased DC voltage from entering the fly-back ckt?
>
>
>
This is a bit trickier to figure out. Bear with me...
I believe it turns the MOSFET off rapidly - the tertiary winding is rectified by the BA159 diode and smoothing is performed by the 47 uF capacitor on the "dot" pin of the tertiary. This sets a smooth positive voltage across the 47 uF capacitor and this largely remains so while the SMPS is running. However, when the MOSFET starts to turn-off that tertiary winding will reverse the voltage across it and rapidly pull down the bias to the MOSFET via C2. | It’s not a buck converter, it’s a flyback.
R1, C1 and D1 compose the snubber circuit to capture and burn off the energy stored in the leakage inductance of the transformer.
R2 is the current sense resistor. It does not by itself limit any current but the IC will detect overcurrent via it and limit the duty cycle.
C2 is not entirely clear but probably bias supply for the IC and/or dV/dt protection.
EDIT: No PWM IC but rather self oscillating and self-resetting so C2 may supply the gate with voltage to turn it on. Need to simulate to tell for sure how it’s operating. |
36,724 | I'm adding molding to my living room, but have one entryway where there isn't enough room on the side to add the full width of the pilaster.
What are my options? I do plan on having a 5" base molding, a 2" chair rail, and a 3" crown, if that affects what might look good.
 | 2013/12/13 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/36724",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/155/"
] | There are only 2 options I can think of.
1. Rip the trim down so it is narrow for the place where it won't fit.
2. Build out the opening so the trim will fit.
Which is better is entirely a personal preference.
Option 1 is easier. I've had to do this with door trim and haven't been unhappy. | Here is a drawing that shows how I would do it. |
179,127 | By which I mean is it possible to unlock every weapon in the game without ever paying for one, or can some weapons only be obtained through micro-transactions? | 2014/08/04 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/179127",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/41423/"
] | Yes, all gear, including weapons, can be acquired trough either simply playing the game having them drop, trading or crafting. It just requires a boatload of time and some luck.
However, some unique quality weapons might need to be purchased, but "quality" does not define weapon performance, so a "normal" quality weapon is just as good as it's "strange" version. So IF you want all versions of weapons as well, then yes, you likely need to use real cash. | I can tell you that at least some weapons need to be paid for if you are only just starting,
All the "Vintage" versions of weapons were only obtained by players before the new content was released, these cannot be unlocked anymore and so have to be purchased.
There might be more weapons than this but this at least answers your question that there are some that must be paid for. |
179,127 | By which I mean is it possible to unlock every weapon in the game without ever paying for one, or can some weapons only be obtained through micro-transactions? | 2014/08/04 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/179127",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/41423/"
] | Any item which could have an effect on the game can either be found as a drop, unlocked from achievements or be crafted.
The only items which cannot are reskins of certain weapons, some cosmetic items and Strange (kill-counting) Weapons. Most of these are promotional items from other games and all behave the same way as an acquirable weapon.
A full list of items which aren't dropped can be found here:
<http://wiki.teamfortress.com/wiki/Item_drop_system#Non-dropping_items> | I can tell you that at least some weapons need to be paid for if you are only just starting,
All the "Vintage" versions of weapons were only obtained by players before the new content was released, these cannot be unlocked anymore and so have to be purchased.
There might be more weapons than this but this at least answers your question that there are some that must be paid for. |
179,127 | By which I mean is it possible to unlock every weapon in the game without ever paying for one, or can some weapons only be obtained through micro-transactions? | 2014/08/04 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/179127",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/41423/"
] | **A Brief History of TF2 Weapons and Items**
Long ago, TF2 Weapons could only be earned through the achievement system - by earning a certain number of achievements for a given class, you would get one special item for that class.
This is no longer necessary - weapons drop at a semi-random, consistent interval. You can find out more about the speecific rate of item drops [on the TF2 Wiki](http://wiki.teamfortress.com/wiki/Item_drop_system), but suffice to say, you will get a fairly substantial number of weapon drops just by playing the game regularly each week. Though it may take some time for the random item drops to give you the exact item you want - you can remedy this by finding players who are willing to trade for the weapon you desire, and you *will* get duplicate weapons, so you *will* have some to trade, though you can only do this if you have a paid-copy of TF2 (either bought before the F2P update, or bought an item at the MannCo Store).
**The Caveat**
While every type of weapon can and will drop, *you cannot get items with special qualities through random drops*. This includes:
* **Vintage** - Items that were previously unlockable, such as the achievement weapons mentioned above, have a 'vintage' quality. No item will ever drop with a vintage quality.
* **Strange** - Strange weapons are exclusively 'unlocked' by opening crates, which require keys, which are almost *never* given away. The same goes for Strange Parts.
Note, however, that special qualities do *not* affect weapon performance. Every item in the game, regardless of cosmetics or quality, has the same capability as an item of its kind.
There are other special qualities and items that cannot be found from random drops or without money. And, theoretically, you could save up enough weapons through random drops to craft into enough metal to buy enough rare items to eventually be able to trade for any item in the game. Theoretically. Assuming the item you want is up for trade, and CAN be traded. Theoretically.
**In Short**
Yes, every weapon in TF2 can be found without having to pay any money. The random drop system may take some time to give you the weapons you want though. You also cannot find special quality items, but these do not affect gameplay. | I can tell you that at least some weapons need to be paid for if you are only just starting,
All the "Vintage" versions of weapons were only obtained by players before the new content was released, these cannot be unlocked anymore and so have to be purchased.
There might be more weapons than this but this at least answers your question that there are some that must be paid for. |
179,127 | By which I mean is it possible to unlock every weapon in the game without ever paying for one, or can some weapons only be obtained through micro-transactions? | 2014/08/04 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/179127",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/41423/"
] | While you can trade for some items, ultimately certain items had to have been paid for at some point. For example, [Strange Bacon Grease](http://wiki.teamfortress.com/wiki/Strange_Bacon_Grease), randomly obtained by unlocking crate #50 with a key originally purchased for $2.49 from the Mann Co Store, is an item which makes the [Frying Pan](http://wiki.teamfortress.com/wiki/Frying_Pan), acquired by owning Left 4 Dead 2, [Strange](http://wiki.teamfortress.com/wiki/Strange), meaning it can count kills. For the most part, items that were paid for at some point of their existence are purely cosmetic and make no difference in play from their standard version.
When it comes down to it all weapons except for reskins (such as the [Mutated Milk](https://wiki.teamfortress.com/wiki/Mutated_Milk), which comes from a [Bread Box](https://wiki.teamfortress.com/wiki/Bread_Box), a crate specifically released for the Love and War update) and a select few promotional items, namely the [Iron Curtain](https://wiki.teamfortress.com/wiki/Iron_Curtain) from Poker Night at the Inventory as well as the other items from that game, and the Sam and Max items, are available to be dropped randomly at no cost to you except for play time, and may also be traded from other players at a low value unless they happen to be newly-released weapons or also crafted using your own weapons and scrap metal.
Additional promotional items include Genuine versions of weapons and hats like the [Robo-Sandvich](https://wiki.teamfortress.com/wiki/Robo-Sandvich), another reskin which only exists as a Genuine item as far as I know, from toy models that Valve and its affiliates sell through the [Valve Store](http://store.valvesoftware.com/) as well as other sites. | I can tell you that at least some weapons need to be paid for if you are only just starting,
All the "Vintage" versions of weapons were only obtained by players before the new content was released, these cannot be unlocked anymore and so have to be purchased.
There might be more weapons than this but this at least answers your question that there are some that must be paid for. |
179,127 | By which I mean is it possible to unlock every weapon in the game without ever paying for one, or can some weapons only be obtained through micro-transactions? | 2014/08/04 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/179127",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/41423/"
] | Any item which could have an effect on the game can either be found as a drop, unlocked from achievements or be crafted.
The only items which cannot are reskins of certain weapons, some cosmetic items and Strange (kill-counting) Weapons. Most of these are promotional items from other games and all behave the same way as an acquirable weapon.
A full list of items which aren't dropped can be found here:
<http://wiki.teamfortress.com/wiki/Item_drop_system#Non-dropping_items> | Yes, all gear, including weapons, can be acquired trough either simply playing the game having them drop, trading or crafting. It just requires a boatload of time and some luck.
However, some unique quality weapons might need to be purchased, but "quality" does not define weapon performance, so a "normal" quality weapon is just as good as it's "strange" version. So IF you want all versions of weapons as well, then yes, you likely need to use real cash. |
179,127 | By which I mean is it possible to unlock every weapon in the game without ever paying for one, or can some weapons only be obtained through micro-transactions? | 2014/08/04 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/179127",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/41423/"
] | **A Brief History of TF2 Weapons and Items**
Long ago, TF2 Weapons could only be earned through the achievement system - by earning a certain number of achievements for a given class, you would get one special item for that class.
This is no longer necessary - weapons drop at a semi-random, consistent interval. You can find out more about the speecific rate of item drops [on the TF2 Wiki](http://wiki.teamfortress.com/wiki/Item_drop_system), but suffice to say, you will get a fairly substantial number of weapon drops just by playing the game regularly each week. Though it may take some time for the random item drops to give you the exact item you want - you can remedy this by finding players who are willing to trade for the weapon you desire, and you *will* get duplicate weapons, so you *will* have some to trade, though you can only do this if you have a paid-copy of TF2 (either bought before the F2P update, or bought an item at the MannCo Store).
**The Caveat**
While every type of weapon can and will drop, *you cannot get items with special qualities through random drops*. This includes:
* **Vintage** - Items that were previously unlockable, such as the achievement weapons mentioned above, have a 'vintage' quality. No item will ever drop with a vintage quality.
* **Strange** - Strange weapons are exclusively 'unlocked' by opening crates, which require keys, which are almost *never* given away. The same goes for Strange Parts.
Note, however, that special qualities do *not* affect weapon performance. Every item in the game, regardless of cosmetics or quality, has the same capability as an item of its kind.
There are other special qualities and items that cannot be found from random drops or without money. And, theoretically, you could save up enough weapons through random drops to craft into enough metal to buy enough rare items to eventually be able to trade for any item in the game. Theoretically. Assuming the item you want is up for trade, and CAN be traded. Theoretically.
**In Short**
Yes, every weapon in TF2 can be found without having to pay any money. The random drop system may take some time to give you the weapons you want though. You also cannot find special quality items, but these do not affect gameplay. | Yes, all gear, including weapons, can be acquired trough either simply playing the game having them drop, trading or crafting. It just requires a boatload of time and some luck.
However, some unique quality weapons might need to be purchased, but "quality" does not define weapon performance, so a "normal" quality weapon is just as good as it's "strange" version. So IF you want all versions of weapons as well, then yes, you likely need to use real cash. |
179,127 | By which I mean is it possible to unlock every weapon in the game without ever paying for one, or can some weapons only be obtained through micro-transactions? | 2014/08/04 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/179127",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/41423/"
] | Any item which could have an effect on the game can either be found as a drop, unlocked from achievements or be crafted.
The only items which cannot are reskins of certain weapons, some cosmetic items and Strange (kill-counting) Weapons. Most of these are promotional items from other games and all behave the same way as an acquirable weapon.
A full list of items which aren't dropped can be found here:
<http://wiki.teamfortress.com/wiki/Item_drop_system#Non-dropping_items> | **A Brief History of TF2 Weapons and Items**
Long ago, TF2 Weapons could only be earned through the achievement system - by earning a certain number of achievements for a given class, you would get one special item for that class.
This is no longer necessary - weapons drop at a semi-random, consistent interval. You can find out more about the speecific rate of item drops [on the TF2 Wiki](http://wiki.teamfortress.com/wiki/Item_drop_system), but suffice to say, you will get a fairly substantial number of weapon drops just by playing the game regularly each week. Though it may take some time for the random item drops to give you the exact item you want - you can remedy this by finding players who are willing to trade for the weapon you desire, and you *will* get duplicate weapons, so you *will* have some to trade, though you can only do this if you have a paid-copy of TF2 (either bought before the F2P update, or bought an item at the MannCo Store).
**The Caveat**
While every type of weapon can and will drop, *you cannot get items with special qualities through random drops*. This includes:
* **Vintage** - Items that were previously unlockable, such as the achievement weapons mentioned above, have a 'vintage' quality. No item will ever drop with a vintage quality.
* **Strange** - Strange weapons are exclusively 'unlocked' by opening crates, which require keys, which are almost *never* given away. The same goes for Strange Parts.
Note, however, that special qualities do *not* affect weapon performance. Every item in the game, regardless of cosmetics or quality, has the same capability as an item of its kind.
There are other special qualities and items that cannot be found from random drops or without money. And, theoretically, you could save up enough weapons through random drops to craft into enough metal to buy enough rare items to eventually be able to trade for any item in the game. Theoretically. Assuming the item you want is up for trade, and CAN be traded. Theoretically.
**In Short**
Yes, every weapon in TF2 can be found without having to pay any money. The random drop system may take some time to give you the weapons you want though. You also cannot find special quality items, but these do not affect gameplay. |
179,127 | By which I mean is it possible to unlock every weapon in the game without ever paying for one, or can some weapons only be obtained through micro-transactions? | 2014/08/04 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/179127",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/41423/"
] | Any item which could have an effect on the game can either be found as a drop, unlocked from achievements or be crafted.
The only items which cannot are reskins of certain weapons, some cosmetic items and Strange (kill-counting) Weapons. Most of these are promotional items from other games and all behave the same way as an acquirable weapon.
A full list of items which aren't dropped can be found here:
<http://wiki.teamfortress.com/wiki/Item_drop_system#Non-dropping_items> | While you can trade for some items, ultimately certain items had to have been paid for at some point. For example, [Strange Bacon Grease](http://wiki.teamfortress.com/wiki/Strange_Bacon_Grease), randomly obtained by unlocking crate #50 with a key originally purchased for $2.49 from the Mann Co Store, is an item which makes the [Frying Pan](http://wiki.teamfortress.com/wiki/Frying_Pan), acquired by owning Left 4 Dead 2, [Strange](http://wiki.teamfortress.com/wiki/Strange), meaning it can count kills. For the most part, items that were paid for at some point of their existence are purely cosmetic and make no difference in play from their standard version.
When it comes down to it all weapons except for reskins (such as the [Mutated Milk](https://wiki.teamfortress.com/wiki/Mutated_Milk), which comes from a [Bread Box](https://wiki.teamfortress.com/wiki/Bread_Box), a crate specifically released for the Love and War update) and a select few promotional items, namely the [Iron Curtain](https://wiki.teamfortress.com/wiki/Iron_Curtain) from Poker Night at the Inventory as well as the other items from that game, and the Sam and Max items, are available to be dropped randomly at no cost to you except for play time, and may also be traded from other players at a low value unless they happen to be newly-released weapons or also crafted using your own weapons and scrap metal.
Additional promotional items include Genuine versions of weapons and hats like the [Robo-Sandvich](https://wiki.teamfortress.com/wiki/Robo-Sandvich), another reskin which only exists as a Genuine item as far as I know, from toy models that Valve and its affiliates sell through the [Valve Store](http://store.valvesoftware.com/) as well as other sites. |
179,127 | By which I mean is it possible to unlock every weapon in the game without ever paying for one, or can some weapons only be obtained through micro-transactions? | 2014/08/04 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/179127",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/41423/"
] | **A Brief History of TF2 Weapons and Items**
Long ago, TF2 Weapons could only be earned through the achievement system - by earning a certain number of achievements for a given class, you would get one special item for that class.
This is no longer necessary - weapons drop at a semi-random, consistent interval. You can find out more about the speecific rate of item drops [on the TF2 Wiki](http://wiki.teamfortress.com/wiki/Item_drop_system), but suffice to say, you will get a fairly substantial number of weapon drops just by playing the game regularly each week. Though it may take some time for the random item drops to give you the exact item you want - you can remedy this by finding players who are willing to trade for the weapon you desire, and you *will* get duplicate weapons, so you *will* have some to trade, though you can only do this if you have a paid-copy of TF2 (either bought before the F2P update, or bought an item at the MannCo Store).
**The Caveat**
While every type of weapon can and will drop, *you cannot get items with special qualities through random drops*. This includes:
* **Vintage** - Items that were previously unlockable, such as the achievement weapons mentioned above, have a 'vintage' quality. No item will ever drop with a vintage quality.
* **Strange** - Strange weapons are exclusively 'unlocked' by opening crates, which require keys, which are almost *never* given away. The same goes for Strange Parts.
Note, however, that special qualities do *not* affect weapon performance. Every item in the game, regardless of cosmetics or quality, has the same capability as an item of its kind.
There are other special qualities and items that cannot be found from random drops or without money. And, theoretically, you could save up enough weapons through random drops to craft into enough metal to buy enough rare items to eventually be able to trade for any item in the game. Theoretically. Assuming the item you want is up for trade, and CAN be traded. Theoretically.
**In Short**
Yes, every weapon in TF2 can be found without having to pay any money. The random drop system may take some time to give you the weapons you want though. You also cannot find special quality items, but these do not affect gameplay. | While you can trade for some items, ultimately certain items had to have been paid for at some point. For example, [Strange Bacon Grease](http://wiki.teamfortress.com/wiki/Strange_Bacon_Grease), randomly obtained by unlocking crate #50 with a key originally purchased for $2.49 from the Mann Co Store, is an item which makes the [Frying Pan](http://wiki.teamfortress.com/wiki/Frying_Pan), acquired by owning Left 4 Dead 2, [Strange](http://wiki.teamfortress.com/wiki/Strange), meaning it can count kills. For the most part, items that were paid for at some point of their existence are purely cosmetic and make no difference in play from their standard version.
When it comes down to it all weapons except for reskins (such as the [Mutated Milk](https://wiki.teamfortress.com/wiki/Mutated_Milk), which comes from a [Bread Box](https://wiki.teamfortress.com/wiki/Bread_Box), a crate specifically released for the Love and War update) and a select few promotional items, namely the [Iron Curtain](https://wiki.teamfortress.com/wiki/Iron_Curtain) from Poker Night at the Inventory as well as the other items from that game, and the Sam and Max items, are available to be dropped randomly at no cost to you except for play time, and may also be traded from other players at a low value unless they happen to be newly-released weapons or also crafted using your own weapons and scrap metal.
Additional promotional items include Genuine versions of weapons and hats like the [Robo-Sandvich](https://wiki.teamfortress.com/wiki/Robo-Sandvich), another reskin which only exists as a Genuine item as far as I know, from toy models that Valve and its affiliates sell through the [Valve Store](http://store.valvesoftware.com/) as well as other sites. |
321,640 | I've been testing the EMG sensor below:
<http://www.ebay.com/itm/Muscle-Sensor-EKG-EMG-Developemt-Electronics-Module-Interface-Kit-For-Arduino/351850511727?ssPageName=STRK%3AMEBIDX%3AIT&_trksid=p2057872.m2749.l2649>
During my tests, I could not get any changes in the signal caused by muscle tensions. When all (3 of 3) of the electrodes where disconnected, my Arduino read 1023, the max analog value. When I had them hooked up, the Arduino read values between 30-40. One problem I encountered, was that it didn't say which of the colors (red, green and yellow) should go where. There were linked a user manual from the ebay link, but they were using different colors. Anyways, I tried all of the possible combinations, but I still got the same result; between 30-40, no remarkable changes in value.
Could it be the adjustable gain? Polarization?
If someone has any experience with EMG, or ideas about what might be the problem, please let me know.
Thanks. | 2017/08/01 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/321640",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/118358/"
] | unfortunately, you've purchased a counterfeit version of our Muscle Sensor v3 which we stopped manufacturing over two years ago when we released our new and improved MyoWare Muscle Sensor. <http://www.advancertechnologies.com/2016/07/beware-of-counterfeit-sensors.html> | My bet is the rectifier, which often needs a small capacitor in the feedback loop. Also, try using the trimpot to turn the gain up. Lastly, this needs two batteries to provide positive an negative power. Is that how you're using it?
Whichever electrode is connected to the ground goes off by itself, and the others go along a muscle. You might be able to figure it out by inspection, or you might need a multimeter.
Frankly, it's a pretty poor design trying to do the whole amplification with one instrumentation amp. |
11,374,051 | Or if it does not, then what is actually a Sql Server `collation`? Maybe my understanding of collation (as a concept) is wrong.
I do not wish to specify my collation to greek or icelandic or even western-european. I wish to be able to use any language that is supported in Unicode.
(I'm using MSSQL 2005)
UPDATE: Ok, I'm rephrasing the question: Is there a generic, culture-independent collation that can be used for texts of any culture? I know it will not contain culture-specific rules like 'ty' in Hungarian or ß=ss in German, but will provide consistent, mostly acceptable results.
Is there any collation that is *not* culture-specific? | 2012/07/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/11374051",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/263366/"
] | Well, there's always a binary collation like Latin1\_General\_BIN2. It stores the code points in numerical order, which can be pretty arbitrary. It's not culture-specific though (despite the name).
It sounds like there isn't any intelligent way to sort data from multiple languages/cultures together so instead of a half-baked solution, all you can do is sort by the binary values. | This is a good article to know what is collation, short and sweet: [SQL Server and Collation](http://www.databasejournal.com/features/mssql/article.php/3302341/SQL-Server-and-Collation.htm).
Collation is something which will allow you to compare and sort the data. As far as I can remember there is nothing like Unicode collation. |
11,374,051 | Or if it does not, then what is actually a Sql Server `collation`? Maybe my understanding of collation (as a concept) is wrong.
I do not wish to specify my collation to greek or icelandic or even western-european. I wish to be able to use any language that is supported in Unicode.
(I'm using MSSQL 2005)
UPDATE: Ok, I'm rephrasing the question: Is there a generic, culture-independent collation that can be used for texts of any culture? I know it will not contain culture-specific rules like 'ty' in Hungarian or ß=ss in German, but will provide consistent, mostly acceptable results.
Is there any collation that is *not* culture-specific? | 2012/07/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/11374051",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/263366/"
] | This is a good article to know what is collation, short and sweet: [SQL Server and Collation](http://www.databasejournal.com/features/mssql/article.php/3302341/SQL-Server-and-Collation.htm).
Collation is something which will allow you to compare and sort the data. As far as I can remember there is nothing like Unicode collation. | There is a default Unicode collation, the
"Default Unicode Collation Element Table (DUCET)",
described in the Unicode Collation Algorithm Technical Standard document
<http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/>.
But one calls it the default Unicode collation rather than
the Unicode collation because of course there is more than
one -- for example the unicode.org chart for Hungarian
<http://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/28/collation/hu.html>
describes how Hungarian collation for Unicode
characters differs from the DUCET.
Since this question was asked the
SQL Server collations have become more Unicode-aware
<https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/collations/collation-and-unicode-support?view=sql-server-2017>. Meanwhile some open-source DBMSs have gained the ability to support DUCET and other Unicode collations, by incorporating the ICU (International Components for Unicode) library. |
11,374,051 | Or if it does not, then what is actually a Sql Server `collation`? Maybe my understanding of collation (as a concept) is wrong.
I do not wish to specify my collation to greek or icelandic or even western-european. I wish to be able to use any language that is supported in Unicode.
(I'm using MSSQL 2005)
UPDATE: Ok, I'm rephrasing the question: Is there a generic, culture-independent collation that can be used for texts of any culture? I know it will not contain culture-specific rules like 'ty' in Hungarian or ß=ss in German, but will provide consistent, mostly acceptable results.
Is there any collation that is *not* culture-specific? | 2012/07/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/11374051",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/263366/"
] | Well, there's always a binary collation like Latin1\_General\_BIN2. It stores the code points in numerical order, which can be pretty arbitrary. It's not culture-specific though (despite the name).
It sounds like there isn't any intelligent way to sort data from multiple languages/cultures together so instead of a half-baked solution, all you can do is sort by the binary values. | There is a default Unicode collation, the
"Default Unicode Collation Element Table (DUCET)",
described in the Unicode Collation Algorithm Technical Standard document
<http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/>.
But one calls it the default Unicode collation rather than
the Unicode collation because of course there is more than
one -- for example the unicode.org chart for Hungarian
<http://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/28/collation/hu.html>
describes how Hungarian collation for Unicode
characters differs from the DUCET.
Since this question was asked the
SQL Server collations have become more Unicode-aware
<https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/collations/collation-and-unicode-support?view=sql-server-2017>. Meanwhile some open-source DBMSs have gained the ability to support DUCET and other Unicode collations, by incorporating the ICU (International Components for Unicode) library. |
743,917 | the title is quite explicit :
I'm trying to install google's driver for my android device in order to use it for development ( I need it to be seen by 'adb devices' )
I've got a Nexus 5 and windows 7 x64
Everywhere I can read :
>
> plug your device, go to device manager, right click on Android device,
> update driver and choose from disk to install google's usb-driver from the extra folder of
> android sdk
>
>
>
But when I plug my nexus 5 to my pc, nothing happen at all :(
I've try several usb ports, several usb conection modes (on the phone : MTP, PTP) with usb debug enabled/disabled. there is nothing I can do.
I've also try another device : the sony xperia Z1. this one is shown as "**Unknown Device**" and if I try to install google's driver, it says
>
> The driver for this hardware is up to date : "Unknown device"
>
>
>
I've got no lead so any advice is welcome.
EDIT :
[this thread](http://forum.xda-developers.com/google-nexus-5/help/nexus-5-seen-pc-t2537420) from xda-developpers says "uninstall all drivers" then plug the android device...
Does anyone know how to uninstall a driver that is not showing up in wondows 7 ? | 2014/04/20 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/743917",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/207496/"
] | Ok thanks a lot to Mr grawity :)
I've manage to see the nexus 5 appear in windows 7 device manager by **using another usb cable**.
As you said Why the hell would someone sell usb cable with "Charge only" capability :(
but we should be aware : that exists. | I also have the same issue with my Sony Xperia Z1. I have managed this by "Installing the Device Software" in my PC |
4,471,173 | Over the years, I've investigated a lot of ways to use code generators and MDD. I've always felt that something is lacking: Patching and changes to the model at runtime.
Patching: If you have a code generator, all your classes should look the same. Now you have a single exception. All code generators so far would require that I modify the template or the template engine to make this work.
Wouldn't it be better if I could apply patches to the result of the code generation step to fix the exceptions? | 2010/12/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4471173",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/34088/"
] | Well, it depends on how you build your model. If fact, it depends on what code generator you are using, its approach, and what it lets you do.
Creating an exception to a rule (model) is more or less against the nature of MDD, unless the applied modeling approach allows you to add exceptions as modeling entities.
I think ABSE is the only modeling approach that accepts "custom code" as a first-class entity, just like a text or an integer. If you create a template that contains a "CustomCode" parameter, you can later add your exception code only when necessary, without breaking your model rules. This can be used to add or replace code. You just need to specify it in your template.
[AtomWeaver](http://www.atomweaver.com) is a free implementation of the ABSE modeling methodology. | MDD doesn't work because it is based on a view of the domain and not the entire domain. I mean that usually MDD take an XMI in entry coming from an UML diagram. The problem is that this diagram is only a view of the domain and therefore you have many alternative and the real world is a mot more complex specially at deployment stage.
The only company which has provided me real value in my project was Omondo with EclipseUML. EclipseUML doesn't try to do MDD but create UML at diagram level live synchronized with code. Deployment is made using stereotypes which are added in the java annotation in the code. I can therefore model and if I add deployment stereotypes then my application can be deployed immediately/ If I manually change my code, then my model is refactored and all my views updated. If I want to add a documentation then I just add notes in the metamodel. These notes are live available when I click on each element. No more printed documentation needed because live navigation, dynamic views creations etc...
My EclipseUML model is always up to date, and I can deploy it immediately because Java annotations are lived synchronized between the model, the metamodel, the diagrams and the code. Really cool :-) :-) |
63,923 | I am maintaining a DNS and mail server in win 2003, and the ISP made me authoritative for the domain. They say:
----- Start of the email received from the ISP--------
96/28.204.xxx.yyy.in-addr.arpa
The reverse ip zone is currently being delegated to the following nameservers:
dns1.DNSdomain.net
dns2.DNSdomain.net
You will need to verify with your current DNS provider whether they will accept IP delegation and have them set up the reverse zone and add pointer records as needed.
It is a common misconception that the owner of the IP block has to create the PTR records or only the owners of the IP address can add the PTR record, but that is not the case.
Please refer to: RFC 2317 <http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2317.html> for more information on IP delegations.
------------- End of the email from ISP -------------------
My question:
How do I define these cnames and ptr records in my DNS, I am confused.
Thanks in advance. | 2009/09/09 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/63923",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/-1/"
] | I am sorry for the confusion I caused.
Yes, the ISP delegated me this IP range (a subnet, rather than a full class C). I manage those 2 DNSs (dns1.DNSdomain.net, dns2.DNSdomain.net)
My problem was (I now found the answer by trial and error) how to define a PTR for a subnet.
The solution is:
Create a primary and a secondary zone with the name: 96\_28.204.xxx.yyy.in-addr.arpa.dns
The lookup will be made to: 96/28.204.xxx.yyy.in-addr.arpa.dns
Thanks for your answer and my apologies for taking your time.
Mike. | The authoritative DNS servers for that reverse zone are, as stated, **dns1.DNSdomain.net** and **dns1.DNSdomain.net**. Are those ones the servers you manage, or are they your ISP's servers?
In the first case, you need to define a reverse lookup zone in your DNS servers and put the right PTR entries into that; in the second case, it's your ISP which should do it on **its** servers. |
16,654 | Rudder is usually used to maintain coordinated flight. When banking to one side to begin a turn, the rudder is usually pushed towards that side. I guess this is still valid in inverted flight: in normal flight, if the pilot bank the plane to the right, it also push the right pedal (to conteract adverse yaw); in inverted flight, if the pilot bank to the right, the plane will turn to the right seen from the ground, i.e. the left seen from the pilot. The pilot should apply left rudder to keep coordinated flight.
If the pilot want to make a aileron roll, what will be the general action on rudder given the flight goes quickly from normal to inverted and back to normal, and the pilot don't want to initiate a turn? | 2015/07/07 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/16654",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/3394/"
] | The key in flying a good roll is to keep the aircraft's nose up in anticipation of the lift requirement when flying in [knife-edge](https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/12383/can-you-fly-an-airplane-at-a-90%C2%B0-roll-angle-without-losing-altitude/12386#12386) or [inverted](https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/5200/what-was-the-first-aircraft-that-could-fly-inverted) flight. Since in knife-edge the elevator and rudder will assume each others function, you will need rudder as well as elevator for directional and pitch control. Also, depending on adverse yaw, some rudder is required to hold yaw to zero when applying ailerons. The procedure is as follows:
1. Speed up, so you are fast enough for roll maneuvering and inverted flight.
2. Pitch up a few degrees. How much depends on wing incidence and zero-lift angle of attack. Look out for some feature on the horizon: This will help you to keep your direction constant.
3. Stop the pitching motion, then apply full ailerons. Correct the aileron-induced yawing motion by applying gentle rudder (trailing edge in the direction of the up-going aileron). Your goal is to keep the fuselage pointing at the chosen feature throughout the maneuver.
4. With increasing roll angle, apply rudder to keep the nose up. At the same time, push the stick gently to avoid course deviation. At 90° roll angle, both elevator and rudder have changed their function: The elevator will now control direction, and the rudder will control pitch.
5. Keep the rotation rate and push the stick more when changing from 90° to 180° roll angle. In inverted flight you need to keep the aircraft trimmed, and depending on the static stability and speed this can require considerable negative elevator deflections. At the same time reduce rudder deflection such that the fuselage will still point into the initial direction. At 180° roll angle both elevator and rudder have returned to their old function, but pulling will now start a dive.
6. On the way to 270° you will again need to add some rudder, now in the opposite direction, to keep the nose up. Again, elevator and rudder will exchange their functions.
7. Once you return back to normal flight attitude, stop the rolling motion and reduce rudder deflection back to zero. | Well first, by barrel roll do you mean a true barrel roll which is a combination loop and roll, or do you mean a tighter maneuver like an aileron roll or slow roll accomplished mainly with ailerons but which can still result in a rotation around a point above the plane?
The answer in all three cases is that rudder is used to help maintain stability in the roll. A little rudder at just the right time can help keep the nose up in a slow roll or even an aileron roll, as the plane rotates through the sideways portions of the roll when gravity is otherwise not countered. Counter-rudder (applying rudder opposite to a bank) can also help to start a "wide" roll by kicking the plane into an initial yaw that counters the tendency of the plane to turn into the initial bank. Finally, first a hard left yaw and then a hard right yaw is used to execute a "true" barrel roll where the plane rolls in a circle roughly perpendicular to its original path. |
16,654 | Rudder is usually used to maintain coordinated flight. When banking to one side to begin a turn, the rudder is usually pushed towards that side. I guess this is still valid in inverted flight: in normal flight, if the pilot bank the plane to the right, it also push the right pedal (to conteract adverse yaw); in inverted flight, if the pilot bank to the right, the plane will turn to the right seen from the ground, i.e. the left seen from the pilot. The pilot should apply left rudder to keep coordinated flight.
If the pilot want to make a aileron roll, what will be the general action on rudder given the flight goes quickly from normal to inverted and back to normal, and the pilot don't want to initiate a turn? | 2015/07/07 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/16654",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/3394/"
] | Well first, by barrel roll do you mean a true barrel roll which is a combination loop and roll, or do you mean a tighter maneuver like an aileron roll or slow roll accomplished mainly with ailerons but which can still result in a rotation around a point above the plane?
The answer in all three cases is that rudder is used to help maintain stability in the roll. A little rudder at just the right time can help keep the nose up in a slow roll or even an aileron roll, as the plane rotates through the sideways portions of the roll when gravity is otherwise not countered. Counter-rudder (applying rudder opposite to a bank) can also help to start a "wide" roll by kicking the plane into an initial yaw that counters the tendency of the plane to turn into the initial bank. Finally, first a hard left yaw and then a hard right yaw is used to execute a "true" barrel roll where the plane rolls in a circle roughly perpendicular to its original path. | As an aerobatic pilot, it's pretty simple. The aircraft will lose lift as you roll through 90 and 270 degrees - knife edge flight. Obviously this will cause loss of normal level flight pitch. So, you have to compensate for that pitch loss you start by adding the pitch you will lose (depending on speed and roll rate of the aircraft) as you start the roll. How much? Start by fairly quickly pitching up about 40 degrees and adjust from there each time you do a roll until you start and end at the same altitude. Rudder? If you roll left, slowly add right rudder topping out at 90 degrees. Reduce rudder to zero at 180 degrees and push the stick gently forward to zero g's. If you go negative, reduce pressure so you float gently through 180 degrees. Reduce that forward pressure to neutral as you come through 270 degrees and simultaneously add left rudder. At 270 degrees continue reducing left rudder to neutral as you come to level flight. Once you master a left roll, just reverse rudder procedure for a right roll. Be gentle with the plane as this should be done with very little stress on the airframe... if it does, you are doing it wrong. Learn how on a plane certified for aerobatics before you try it on the company A380. |
16,654 | Rudder is usually used to maintain coordinated flight. When banking to one side to begin a turn, the rudder is usually pushed towards that side. I guess this is still valid in inverted flight: in normal flight, if the pilot bank the plane to the right, it also push the right pedal (to conteract adverse yaw); in inverted flight, if the pilot bank to the right, the plane will turn to the right seen from the ground, i.e. the left seen from the pilot. The pilot should apply left rudder to keep coordinated flight.
If the pilot want to make a aileron roll, what will be the general action on rudder given the flight goes quickly from normal to inverted and back to normal, and the pilot don't want to initiate a turn? | 2015/07/07 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/16654",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/3394/"
] | Well first, by barrel roll do you mean a true barrel roll which is a combination loop and roll, or do you mean a tighter maneuver like an aileron roll or slow roll accomplished mainly with ailerons but which can still result in a rotation around a point above the plane?
The answer in all three cases is that rudder is used to help maintain stability in the roll. A little rudder at just the right time can help keep the nose up in a slow roll or even an aileron roll, as the plane rotates through the sideways portions of the roll when gravity is otherwise not countered. Counter-rudder (applying rudder opposite to a bank) can also help to start a "wide" roll by kicking the plane into an initial yaw that counters the tendency of the plane to turn into the initial bank. Finally, first a hard left yaw and then a hard right yaw is used to execute a "true" barrel roll where the plane rolls in a circle roughly perpendicular to its original path. | There are 2 types of rolling maneuvers used in aerobatic competition, a slow roll and an aileron roll. First the easy one, an aileron roll. Simply raise the nose above the horizon, apply slight rudder in direction of roll initially to counter adverse yaw, stick in direction of roll. You can do multiple rolls, the limitation being that you must stop once the nose has fallen about 30 degrees below the horizon. A beginner can accomplish this maneuver with minimal instruction.
The slow roll has nothing to do with the rate of roll, a high level aerobatic plane can slow roll or aileron roll at 420 degrees per second. The slow roll requires a bit of coordination in that the plane rolls about it's longitudinal axis, pitch not changing during the maneuver, as stated previously, rudder is used at 90 and 270 degrees, and forward elevator at inverted, to keep the plane at constant pitch and the nose not yawing left or right. Of course no one should ever try to teach themselves aerobatics. Get a good instructor and a good aerobatic plane. |
16,654 | Rudder is usually used to maintain coordinated flight. When banking to one side to begin a turn, the rudder is usually pushed towards that side. I guess this is still valid in inverted flight: in normal flight, if the pilot bank the plane to the right, it also push the right pedal (to conteract adverse yaw); in inverted flight, if the pilot bank to the right, the plane will turn to the right seen from the ground, i.e. the left seen from the pilot. The pilot should apply left rudder to keep coordinated flight.
If the pilot want to make a aileron roll, what will be the general action on rudder given the flight goes quickly from normal to inverted and back to normal, and the pilot don't want to initiate a turn? | 2015/07/07 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/16654",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/3394/"
] | The key in flying a good roll is to keep the aircraft's nose up in anticipation of the lift requirement when flying in [knife-edge](https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/12383/can-you-fly-an-airplane-at-a-90%C2%B0-roll-angle-without-losing-altitude/12386#12386) or [inverted](https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/5200/what-was-the-first-aircraft-that-could-fly-inverted) flight. Since in knife-edge the elevator and rudder will assume each others function, you will need rudder as well as elevator for directional and pitch control. Also, depending on adverse yaw, some rudder is required to hold yaw to zero when applying ailerons. The procedure is as follows:
1. Speed up, so you are fast enough for roll maneuvering and inverted flight.
2. Pitch up a few degrees. How much depends on wing incidence and zero-lift angle of attack. Look out for some feature on the horizon: This will help you to keep your direction constant.
3. Stop the pitching motion, then apply full ailerons. Correct the aileron-induced yawing motion by applying gentle rudder (trailing edge in the direction of the up-going aileron). Your goal is to keep the fuselage pointing at the chosen feature throughout the maneuver.
4. With increasing roll angle, apply rudder to keep the nose up. At the same time, push the stick gently to avoid course deviation. At 90° roll angle, both elevator and rudder have changed their function: The elevator will now control direction, and the rudder will control pitch.
5. Keep the rotation rate and push the stick more when changing from 90° to 180° roll angle. In inverted flight you need to keep the aircraft trimmed, and depending on the static stability and speed this can require considerable negative elevator deflections. At the same time reduce rudder deflection such that the fuselage will still point into the initial direction. At 180° roll angle both elevator and rudder have returned to their old function, but pulling will now start a dive.
6. On the way to 270° you will again need to add some rudder, now in the opposite direction, to keep the nose up. Again, elevator and rudder will exchange their functions.
7. Once you return back to normal flight attitude, stop the rolling motion and reduce rudder deflection back to zero. | As an aerobatic pilot, it's pretty simple. The aircraft will lose lift as you roll through 90 and 270 degrees - knife edge flight. Obviously this will cause loss of normal level flight pitch. So, you have to compensate for that pitch loss you start by adding the pitch you will lose (depending on speed and roll rate of the aircraft) as you start the roll. How much? Start by fairly quickly pitching up about 40 degrees and adjust from there each time you do a roll until you start and end at the same altitude. Rudder? If you roll left, slowly add right rudder topping out at 90 degrees. Reduce rudder to zero at 180 degrees and push the stick gently forward to zero g's. If you go negative, reduce pressure so you float gently through 180 degrees. Reduce that forward pressure to neutral as you come through 270 degrees and simultaneously add left rudder. At 270 degrees continue reducing left rudder to neutral as you come to level flight. Once you master a left roll, just reverse rudder procedure for a right roll. Be gentle with the plane as this should be done with very little stress on the airframe... if it does, you are doing it wrong. Learn how on a plane certified for aerobatics before you try it on the company A380. |
16,654 | Rudder is usually used to maintain coordinated flight. When banking to one side to begin a turn, the rudder is usually pushed towards that side. I guess this is still valid in inverted flight: in normal flight, if the pilot bank the plane to the right, it also push the right pedal (to conteract adverse yaw); in inverted flight, if the pilot bank to the right, the plane will turn to the right seen from the ground, i.e. the left seen from the pilot. The pilot should apply left rudder to keep coordinated flight.
If the pilot want to make a aileron roll, what will be the general action on rudder given the flight goes quickly from normal to inverted and back to normal, and the pilot don't want to initiate a turn? | 2015/07/07 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/16654",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/3394/"
] | The key in flying a good roll is to keep the aircraft's nose up in anticipation of the lift requirement when flying in [knife-edge](https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/12383/can-you-fly-an-airplane-at-a-90%C2%B0-roll-angle-without-losing-altitude/12386#12386) or [inverted](https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/5200/what-was-the-first-aircraft-that-could-fly-inverted) flight. Since in knife-edge the elevator and rudder will assume each others function, you will need rudder as well as elevator for directional and pitch control. Also, depending on adverse yaw, some rudder is required to hold yaw to zero when applying ailerons. The procedure is as follows:
1. Speed up, so you are fast enough for roll maneuvering and inverted flight.
2. Pitch up a few degrees. How much depends on wing incidence and zero-lift angle of attack. Look out for some feature on the horizon: This will help you to keep your direction constant.
3. Stop the pitching motion, then apply full ailerons. Correct the aileron-induced yawing motion by applying gentle rudder (trailing edge in the direction of the up-going aileron). Your goal is to keep the fuselage pointing at the chosen feature throughout the maneuver.
4. With increasing roll angle, apply rudder to keep the nose up. At the same time, push the stick gently to avoid course deviation. At 90° roll angle, both elevator and rudder have changed their function: The elevator will now control direction, and the rudder will control pitch.
5. Keep the rotation rate and push the stick more when changing from 90° to 180° roll angle. In inverted flight you need to keep the aircraft trimmed, and depending on the static stability and speed this can require considerable negative elevator deflections. At the same time reduce rudder deflection such that the fuselage will still point into the initial direction. At 180° roll angle both elevator and rudder have returned to their old function, but pulling will now start a dive.
6. On the way to 270° you will again need to add some rudder, now in the opposite direction, to keep the nose up. Again, elevator and rudder will exchange their functions.
7. Once you return back to normal flight attitude, stop the rolling motion and reduce rudder deflection back to zero. | There are 2 types of rolling maneuvers used in aerobatic competition, a slow roll and an aileron roll. First the easy one, an aileron roll. Simply raise the nose above the horizon, apply slight rudder in direction of roll initially to counter adverse yaw, stick in direction of roll. You can do multiple rolls, the limitation being that you must stop once the nose has fallen about 30 degrees below the horizon. A beginner can accomplish this maneuver with minimal instruction.
The slow roll has nothing to do with the rate of roll, a high level aerobatic plane can slow roll or aileron roll at 420 degrees per second. The slow roll requires a bit of coordination in that the plane rolls about it's longitudinal axis, pitch not changing during the maneuver, as stated previously, rudder is used at 90 and 270 degrees, and forward elevator at inverted, to keep the plane at constant pitch and the nose not yawing left or right. Of course no one should ever try to teach themselves aerobatics. Get a good instructor and a good aerobatic plane. |
16,654 | Rudder is usually used to maintain coordinated flight. When banking to one side to begin a turn, the rudder is usually pushed towards that side. I guess this is still valid in inverted flight: in normal flight, if the pilot bank the plane to the right, it also push the right pedal (to conteract adverse yaw); in inverted flight, if the pilot bank to the right, the plane will turn to the right seen from the ground, i.e. the left seen from the pilot. The pilot should apply left rudder to keep coordinated flight.
If the pilot want to make a aileron roll, what will be the general action on rudder given the flight goes quickly from normal to inverted and back to normal, and the pilot don't want to initiate a turn? | 2015/07/07 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/16654",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/3394/"
] | As an aerobatic pilot, it's pretty simple. The aircraft will lose lift as you roll through 90 and 270 degrees - knife edge flight. Obviously this will cause loss of normal level flight pitch. So, you have to compensate for that pitch loss you start by adding the pitch you will lose (depending on speed and roll rate of the aircraft) as you start the roll. How much? Start by fairly quickly pitching up about 40 degrees and adjust from there each time you do a roll until you start and end at the same altitude. Rudder? If you roll left, slowly add right rudder topping out at 90 degrees. Reduce rudder to zero at 180 degrees and push the stick gently forward to zero g's. If you go negative, reduce pressure so you float gently through 180 degrees. Reduce that forward pressure to neutral as you come through 270 degrees and simultaneously add left rudder. At 270 degrees continue reducing left rudder to neutral as you come to level flight. Once you master a left roll, just reverse rudder procedure for a right roll. Be gentle with the plane as this should be done with very little stress on the airframe... if it does, you are doing it wrong. Learn how on a plane certified for aerobatics before you try it on the company A380. | There are 2 types of rolling maneuvers used in aerobatic competition, a slow roll and an aileron roll. First the easy one, an aileron roll. Simply raise the nose above the horizon, apply slight rudder in direction of roll initially to counter adverse yaw, stick in direction of roll. You can do multiple rolls, the limitation being that you must stop once the nose has fallen about 30 degrees below the horizon. A beginner can accomplish this maneuver with minimal instruction.
The slow roll has nothing to do with the rate of roll, a high level aerobatic plane can slow roll or aileron roll at 420 degrees per second. The slow roll requires a bit of coordination in that the plane rolls about it's longitudinal axis, pitch not changing during the maneuver, as stated previously, rudder is used at 90 and 270 degrees, and forward elevator at inverted, to keep the plane at constant pitch and the nose not yawing left or right. Of course no one should ever try to teach themselves aerobatics. Get a good instructor and a good aerobatic plane. |
386,452 | I am currently trying to switch on a nichrome wire for about 5s using an Arduino and an external power source. It will be a single use only activation, I have decided to use an N-Channel mosfet for the job since space is limited.
The power source is a Li-ion battery and therefore I need to limit the power going to the nichrome wire to avoid burning it out. Based off some calculations I will need just about 100ma at nominal battery voltage to reach my desired temperature.
Since my arduino will only deliver 3.3v I need to use a logic level mosfet such as the FDN361BN which has a VGS of 1 V to 3 V. I have attached a draft schematic to illustrate my intentions, however how can I limit the amperage?
Can I just lower the voltage of the gate using a voltage divider in such a way that I only allows a certain amount of current based on the datasheets graphs?
Also what is the purpose of the 10k resistor, is it to assure that the mosfet won't get switched on accidentally?
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/DDhFl.png) | 2018/07/18 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/386452",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/138540/"
] | >
> I will need just about 100ma at nominal battery voltage to reach my
> desired temperature.
>
>
>
I'd consider using a low voltaget op-amp and a darlington transistor like this: -
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/EwrID.jpg)
With 1 volt in, the op-amp's negative feedback ensures that 1 volt appears across the 10 ohm sense resistor and this largely ensures that 100 mA flows through the nichrome wire in the collector.
You need to choose an op-amp that can work down to 2.8 volts without spitting and moaning and the Darlington is preferable over the MOSFET because of instabilities due to gate capacitance. | The Resistor is there to hold the N-channel MOSFET in it's off state during the Arduino's reset condition when all IO pins are inputs, and not driven high or low. |
386,452 | I am currently trying to switch on a nichrome wire for about 5s using an Arduino and an external power source. It will be a single use only activation, I have decided to use an N-Channel mosfet for the job since space is limited.
The power source is a Li-ion battery and therefore I need to limit the power going to the nichrome wire to avoid burning it out. Based off some calculations I will need just about 100ma at nominal battery voltage to reach my desired temperature.
Since my arduino will only deliver 3.3v I need to use a logic level mosfet such as the FDN361BN which has a VGS of 1 V to 3 V. I have attached a draft schematic to illustrate my intentions, however how can I limit the amperage?
Can I just lower the voltage of the gate using a voltage divider in such a way that I only allows a certain amount of current based on the datasheets graphs?
Also what is the purpose of the 10k resistor, is it to assure that the mosfet won't get switched on accidentally?
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/DDhFl.png) | 2018/07/18 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/386452",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/138540/"
] | >
> I will need just about 100ma at nominal battery voltage to reach my
> desired temperature.
>
>
>
I'd consider using a low voltaget op-amp and a darlington transistor like this: -
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/EwrID.jpg)
With 1 volt in, the op-amp's negative feedback ensures that 1 volt appears across the 10 ohm sense resistor and this largely ensures that 100 mA flows through the nichrome wire in the collector.
You need to choose an op-amp that can work down to 2.8 volts without spitting and moaning and the Darlington is preferable over the MOSFET because of instabilities due to gate capacitance. | One option would be to use a voltage divider to drive Vgs to a different value, the problem with this is variations in the mosfet will create widely different currents with the same gate voltage.
The easiest way would be with series resistance with the heater, or get a different heater.
Another way is a current source circuit:
[simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2fQt4DO.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/)
First off, select a different op amp than the TL081 according to your budget.
This circuit basically replicates the voltage on the V+ pin of the op amp to the load, so if you have 2V on the plus pin, you'll get 2V on the load, this makes it easy to determine the current through the load. There are also high side variations of this circuit (this one is for n-channel, but they also have p-channel circuits for high side current drivers)
Another thing you could do is tie the arudino pin and configure it as an open drain pin, and pull down the voltage of the circuit and drive it to zero, which would also drop the voltage (and current on the load to zero).
One drawback is the transistor is the resistive limiter, and if a lot of current is being dissipated in the mosfet it could overheat. Make sure your not exceeding any current or power ratings for the mosfet. |
239,793 | This morning after the new Fallout Shelter update (1.2), I saw a mysterious stranger hiding in one of my rooms. When he is tapped there is a sound cue and he disappears in a puff of black vapor.
Does anyone know what's going on here? | 2015/10/15 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/239793",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/94124/"
] | The mysterious stranger will give you 250 caps if you can tap him before he disappears. He does not appear to take part in combat. | The mysterious stranger is a reference to the perk from Fallout 3. Saw him also first time I played after update. Wish he would have hung around little longer though - barely noticed him. Hopefully he shows up next time those f'ng deathclaws do.. |
239,793 | This morning after the new Fallout Shelter update (1.2), I saw a mysterious stranger hiding in one of my rooms. When he is tapped there is a sound cue and he disappears in a puff of black vapor.
Does anyone know what's going on here? | 2015/10/15 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/239793",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/94124/"
] | Clicking on him gives you caps.
I got 2460 caps the last time. Others report up to 5000 caps.
Listen for a piano sound. You have a few seconds to find him and get the caps.
He disappears after a second sound is played.
He was added in [version 1.2](https://youtu.be/kizzTSyvoLQ) | The mysterious stranger is a reference to the perk from Fallout 3. Saw him also first time I played after update. Wish he would have hung around little longer though - barely noticed him. Hopefully he shows up next time those f'ng deathclaws do.. |
239,793 | This morning after the new Fallout Shelter update (1.2), I saw a mysterious stranger hiding in one of my rooms. When he is tapped there is a sound cue and he disappears in a puff of black vapor.
Does anyone know what's going on here? | 2015/10/15 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/239793",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/94124/"
] | As an addition to other answers.
The important thing about the piano sound is that it is coming from Stranger's location and when playing with headphones and zoomed in at the moment, it is not so difficult to determine the direction and the distance, especially after getting used to it. | The mysterious stranger is a reference to the perk from Fallout 3. Saw him also first time I played after update. Wish he would have hung around little longer though - barely noticed him. Hopefully he shows up next time those f'ng deathclaws do.. |
239,793 | This morning after the new Fallout Shelter update (1.2), I saw a mysterious stranger hiding in one of my rooms. When he is tapped there is a sound cue and he disappears in a puff of black vapor.
Does anyone know what's going on here? | 2015/10/15 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/239793",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/94124/"
] | The mysterious stranger is a reference to the perk from Fallout 3. Saw him also first time I played after update. Wish he would have hung around little longer though - barely noticed him. Hopefully he shows up next time those f'ng deathclaws do.. | He gives cap rewards, but is the amount of caps based on level or is it how long you take to tap him, or maybe even the room he's in at that moment, or EVEN if your I combat or not... So many questions (also what triggers him to enter your vault) |
239,793 | This morning after the new Fallout Shelter update (1.2), I saw a mysterious stranger hiding in one of my rooms. When he is tapped there is a sound cue and he disappears in a puff of black vapor.
Does anyone know what's going on here? | 2015/10/15 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/239793",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/94124/"
] | Clicking on him gives you caps.
I got 2460 caps the last time. Others report up to 5000 caps.
Listen for a piano sound. You have a few seconds to find him and get the caps.
He disappears after a second sound is played.
He was added in [version 1.2](https://youtu.be/kizzTSyvoLQ) | The mysterious stranger will give you 250 caps if you can tap him before he disappears. He does not appear to take part in combat. |
239,793 | This morning after the new Fallout Shelter update (1.2), I saw a mysterious stranger hiding in one of my rooms. When he is tapped there is a sound cue and he disappears in a puff of black vapor.
Does anyone know what's going on here? | 2015/10/15 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/239793",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/94124/"
] | The mysterious stranger will give you 250 caps if you can tap him before he disappears. He does not appear to take part in combat. | He gives cap rewards, but is the amount of caps based on level or is it how long you take to tap him, or maybe even the room he's in at that moment, or EVEN if your I combat or not... So many questions (also what triggers him to enter your vault) |
239,793 | This morning after the new Fallout Shelter update (1.2), I saw a mysterious stranger hiding in one of my rooms. When he is tapped there is a sound cue and he disappears in a puff of black vapor.
Does anyone know what's going on here? | 2015/10/15 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/239793",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/94124/"
] | Clicking on him gives you caps.
I got 2460 caps the last time. Others report up to 5000 caps.
Listen for a piano sound. You have a few seconds to find him and get the caps.
He disappears after a second sound is played.
He was added in [version 1.2](https://youtu.be/kizzTSyvoLQ) | As an addition to other answers.
The important thing about the piano sound is that it is coming from Stranger's location and when playing with headphones and zoomed in at the moment, it is not so difficult to determine the direction and the distance, especially after getting used to it. |
239,793 | This morning after the new Fallout Shelter update (1.2), I saw a mysterious stranger hiding in one of my rooms. When he is tapped there is a sound cue and he disappears in a puff of black vapor.
Does anyone know what's going on here? | 2015/10/15 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/239793",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/94124/"
] | Clicking on him gives you caps.
I got 2460 caps the last time. Others report up to 5000 caps.
Listen for a piano sound. You have a few seconds to find him and get the caps.
He disappears after a second sound is played.
He was added in [version 1.2](https://youtu.be/kizzTSyvoLQ) | He gives cap rewards, but is the amount of caps based on level or is it how long you take to tap him, or maybe even the room he's in at that moment, or EVEN if your I combat or not... So many questions (also what triggers him to enter your vault) |
239,793 | This morning after the new Fallout Shelter update (1.2), I saw a mysterious stranger hiding in one of my rooms. When he is tapped there is a sound cue and he disappears in a puff of black vapor.
Does anyone know what's going on here? | 2015/10/15 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/239793",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/94124/"
] | As an addition to other answers.
The important thing about the piano sound is that it is coming from Stranger's location and when playing with headphones and zoomed in at the moment, it is not so difficult to determine the direction and the distance, especially after getting used to it. | He gives cap rewards, but is the amount of caps based on level or is it how long you take to tap him, or maybe even the room he's in at that moment, or EVEN if your I combat or not... So many questions (also what triggers him to enter your vault) |
6,795 | Occasionally, I pass over a question merely because I don't understand an abbreviation or acronym. I wonder if the instructions should encourage the definition of these things in the body of the question.
Sometimes acronyms are well known, QFT and SHM are examples. Others are less well known, or perhaps known to people in particular geographic regions, or graduates of certain schools. An example I saw recently is "SM". Even after reading the question and having some understanding that I was out of my league on that one (and quickly eliminating "Statistical Mechanics"), I couldn't figure out SM. Finally Standard Model came to mind, and I'm guessing that that's the correct meaning. Even if that's the correct meaning, it's still certainly the first time I've ever seen that abbreviation. Another recent example is "IVP", for which I fully understood the question but still don't understand the abbreviation. And some things are known by different names: KVL to some is the loop rule to others.
And then there is the case where the abbreviation is well-known to those practiced in the art, in which case it doesn't matter at all if I don't understand the question. In any event, in all the above cases, I'm annoyed that the original poster (OP) couldn't be bothered to be more clear.
Is this worth a mention in the help/instructions?
---
[Return to FAQ index](/q/11305) | 2015/05/18 | [
"https://physics.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/6795",
"https://physics.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.meta.stackexchange.com/users/5739/"
] | Abbreviations and acronyms should be explained, especially if in the title. Avoid abbreviations in titles, such as, e.g., [TDR](https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/158625/2451), [BGK](https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/66989/2451), [GTO](https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/159611/2451), [EFE](https://physics.stackexchange.com/q/162105/2451), etc. Spell them out instead (as editors have later done in some of the above examples).
Believe it or not, but the most important part of the Phys.SE community is actually not the questioners nor the answerers but the readers. The readers are what keeps this site alive. If the only persons who read a post is the asker and the answerers, this site would not survive. In fact, it is likely what killed e.g. [TP.SE](http://area51.stackexchange.com/proposals/23848/theoretical-physics): No readers.
Moreover, by making the title incomprehensible, a reader browsing the [front page](https://physics.stackexchange.com/) is forced to click the question to read the main body, which defeats the purpose of having a title in the first place.
Also the Phys.SE community has some pretty smart users around, who might be able to answer, even if they are not from exactly the same subfield. So as an asker, why shoot yourself in the foot by unnecessarily limit your potential answerers? | I would look at it like giving a technical presentation to experts in my field (because this site is, afterall, a place to ask questions from experts in the field of the question). So if I stood up in a front of a room of my peers and said "Here is the CFL number for my simulation," nobody would think twice about it and know exactly what I meant. The janitor walking down the hall who overheard it may not know what that means, but I don't care -- that's not the intended target.
So it's the same thing here. If somebody posts a question like "When X happens and we get the ASLKJYF effect, is that right?" -- I don't care if I know what that means if it's not my field. But if somebody posts a question with acronyms and terms I have never seen before in a question about fluid dynamics, I will take a quick search to make sure it's not something I just don't know and if a quick search reveals nothing, I'll ask for clarification. This happens often with people saying "In a paper I read, the authors say f(x) = 10 but I don't know how they got it" and I have to go back and ask for which paper and which authors if it's not something commonplace.
Since we are not really supposed to be a general audience site but we are supposed to be a site for technical questions in an area to get answered by experts in that same area, if an acronym is common and known amongst experts, no further explanation should be required. If I see an acronym in a field I don't know, I don't mind that it's there because I don't know it. If I see one I don't know in my own field and I look it up and can't immediately understand what it means, I'll ask for details of where it comes from. |
53,092 | I am having trouble understanding the difference between elastic limit and yield stress. I searched the internet for a few hours and found some conflicting answers. I have found 3 (maybe) different answers:
From the elastic limit to the yield point, the material is transitioning from elastic to plastic. This area is called the elastoplastic region. I got this conclusion from [here](https://engineering.stackexchange.com/questions/47271/what-happens-from-b-to-c-in-this-stress-strain-diagram-of-mild-steel).
The yield point is the same as the elastic limit. The yield point is only found in the elastic point which is impractical to find precisely. I got this conclusion from [here](https://www.instron.com/en/resources/glossary/e/elastic-limit#:%7E:text=When%20a%20material%20is%20stressed,return%20to%20its%20original%20length).
The elastic limit is where the elastic region ends and the yield stress is just where a permanent deformation of 0.2% is formed. I got this conclusion from [here](https://www.quora.com/Are-yield-point-and-elastic-limit-the-same-point-in-a-stress-strain-graph) and [here](https://asrengineering.com/2019/08/14/the-stress-strain-curve-intro-to-structural-engineering/). This runs counter to what I am told by my lecturer which is that the yield stress is where the elastic and plastic region is separated.
So far, I have 3 answers answering the same question. Which one is the actual answer? Thank you | 2022/11/07 | [
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/questions/53092",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://engineering.stackexchange.com/users/39776/"
] | Yes, because many or most excavators can 360 rotate so getting a classic gearbox/ prop shaft drive to the wherls or tracks would be challenging.
Then sorting the ability to do forwards with one side and reverse at the same time with the other is also difficult without hydraulics. | A hydraulic motor has much greater torque density (torque vs size) compared to electric or diesel engines.
The hydraulic motor works well underwater, while an electric motor needs expensive (and heat retaining) waterproofing and a diesel engine needs air.
The hydraulic motor is simply more durable and efficient, despite any loss from converting from one power source to another.
<https://info.texasfinaldrive.com/shop-talk-blog/hydraulic-motors-vs-electrical-motors-why-hydraulic-wins> |
62,929 | I just bought this plant but it just said Tropical. I would like to know what it is and how to keep it looking so beautiful.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/smNn3.jpg) | 2022/07/28 | [
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/62929",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/users/33124/"
] | Could be a [Yucca](https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Yucca%20household%20plant&qs=n&form=QBIR&sp=-1&pq=yucca%20household%20plant&sc=0-21&cvid=09875087660843019C465747BA1CEC57&ghsh=0&ghacc=0&first=1&tsc=ImageHoverTitle). Does it have a trunk from which the two branches originates? It is very common for Yuccas as household plants.
From [this](https://www.gardenersworld.com/how-to/grow-plants/how-to-grow-yucca/) source:
>
> **How to grow yucca**
>
>
> Yuccas do best in bright light and can cope with some direct sunshine.
> Water only when the top few centimetres of soil are dry. Yuccas are
> tolerant of drought.
>
>
>
Edit:
-----
This [source](https://www.quora.com/What-would-be-one-main-difference-between-dracaenas-and-yucca-plants) offers advices on how to distinguish Yucca and Dracaenas:
>
> If you don't know if a plant is a yucca or dracaena, one easy way to
> determine is by seeing its leaf tip. A yucca, related to agaves, has
> similar leaf tip with that of agaves. The leaf tip is dryed and
> folded, becoming a stiff, thorn-like structure. If you brush the
> plant's leaves with the back of your hand, you can feel these leaf
> tips' sharpness against your skin. The older the plant, the harder
> these thorn-like leaf tips will be, and since the dead leaves don't
> fall down, these would make protective structure for its stem.
>
>
> | This plant is possibly a Dracaena angustifolia or "Corn plant". |
62,929 | I just bought this plant but it just said Tropical. I would like to know what it is and how to keep it looking so beautiful.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/smNn3.jpg) | 2022/07/28 | [
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/62929",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/users/33124/"
] | This plant is possibly a Dracaena angustifolia or "Corn plant". | I just found a Dracaena Rikki which looks exactly like my new plant
See: [Dracaena Rikki](http://mooreparkplantscapes.ca/dracaena-rikki-plant-of-the-month/) |
62,929 | I just bought this plant but it just said Tropical. I would like to know what it is and how to keep it looking so beautiful.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/smNn3.jpg) | 2022/07/28 | [
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/62929",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/users/33124/"
] | Could be a [Yucca](https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Yucca%20household%20plant&qs=n&form=QBIR&sp=-1&pq=yucca%20household%20plant&sc=0-21&cvid=09875087660843019C465747BA1CEC57&ghsh=0&ghacc=0&first=1&tsc=ImageHoverTitle). Does it have a trunk from which the two branches originates? It is very common for Yuccas as household plants.
From [this](https://www.gardenersworld.com/how-to/grow-plants/how-to-grow-yucca/) source:
>
> **How to grow yucca**
>
>
> Yuccas do best in bright light and can cope with some direct sunshine.
> Water only when the top few centimetres of soil are dry. Yuccas are
> tolerant of drought.
>
>
>
Edit:
-----
This [source](https://www.quora.com/What-would-be-one-main-difference-between-dracaenas-and-yucca-plants) offers advices on how to distinguish Yucca and Dracaenas:
>
> If you don't know if a plant is a yucca or dracaena, one easy way to
> determine is by seeing its leaf tip. A yucca, related to agaves, has
> similar leaf tip with that of agaves. The leaf tip is dryed and
> folded, becoming a stiff, thorn-like structure. If you brush the
> plant's leaves with the back of your hand, you can feel these leaf
> tips' sharpness against your skin. The older the plant, the harder
> these thorn-like leaf tips will be, and since the dead leaves don't
> fall down, these would make protective structure for its stem.
>
>
> | I just found a Dracaena Rikki which looks exactly like my new plant
See: [Dracaena Rikki](http://mooreparkplantscapes.ca/dracaena-rikki-plant-of-the-month/) |
185,111 | I'm investigating the use of SSDs for a program that does some very sustained sequential reads. I have seen "TRIM" in capitals in various online references and explanations, but no reference to what the acronym stands for. Wikipedia refers to it in full caps. Looking into some linked reference documents, there is reference to a 'Trim' command.
Is TRIM simply a word? (Computerese strikes again!)
If it isn't an acronym, what is being trimmed? | 2010/09/02 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/185111",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/81902/"
] | Have you tried the [Windows Easy Transfer](http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/products/features/windows-easy-transfer) tool in Windows 7?
It looks promising for duplicating user account information (documents, photos, favorites, etc). | For Windows 7, Microsoft explains how to duplicate a user account in response to the problem of 'fixing' a corrupted user profile here:
<http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/fix-corrupted-user-profile#1TC=windows-7>
I'm sure there are several conditions that can arise in which Windows 7 is acting 'funny' due to some data or settings becoming corrupt (or out of parameter). I experienced it personally when a friend changed a theme by changing the wallpaper image to a GIF. This caused an error in the power settings profile and caused the Start menu and context menus to abruptly close. I was not surprised when no one at Microsoft would respond to this user's predicament, but they were smart enough to solve it by creating a new account an moving over their profile data.
I don't see a problem with using the same procedure to move the user account data (profile) to another computer.
Windows Easy Transfer is only for transferring account information from XP or Vista to 7. |
4,534 | There is a person I know that needed a logo for a game server, we talked and he found out that I have experience and have skills in Photoshop to make a decent logo, so he asked me to make a logo that he would pay for afterwards, then apparently it appears to be that he has asked a few other people to make a logo for him as well (about 3 more), so then when everyone is done he will pay to the best one. My question is: Is that what happens in freelancing business? So others don't receive anything for spending their precious time and working hard creating a logo image??
I'm just not very experience in the freelancing field, so I have no idea how it works.
Thanks in advance! | 2016/05/25 | [
"https://freelancing.stackexchange.com/questions/4534",
"https://freelancing.stackexchange.com",
"https://freelancing.stackexchange.com/users/11318/"
] | There are some *contest* sites that operate under similar terms -- everyone sees the design description/brief, everyone works and submits designs, only the chosen design (winner) gets paid. So yes, in some cases things operate how you've described. These sites are customarily (but not exclusively) populated by hobbyists or non-freelance workers.
In terms of a freelance **business**, NO. That's **not** how freelance **business** operates. In the business of freelance design, an artist is hired, a contract is signed which details payment and work to be performed, and *then* the work performed. Customarily the artist is paid regardless of whether the final artwork is used or not. In addition, many contracts have a "kill fee" or cancelation clause that compensates the artist for their time should the client cancel the project before completion.
Most professional freelancers avoid the "contest" scheme completely. It is **never** beneficial for a professional to work on the speculation of *possible* payment/return. Professionals customarily don't work for free. See <http://www.no-spec.com> or merely Google for "[are design contests worth it?](https://www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=are%20design%20contests%20worth%20it)" to understand just how **bad** the "contest" model is for artists.
Basically, this "person you know" is taking advantage of everyone and has all the upside and none of the downside. All the artists are being ripped off. Chances are even the chosen design won't be paid adequately without a contract in place **before** work begins. | Yes and no as the answer above states of you were hired and did sign a contract stating you are going to recieve payment for each logo then yes you should be paid. Now in the case that you listed it sounds like there was no type of agreement so to answer no. The main thing I would say in a situation like yours is to find out the fine print of the job or task and what you are going or not going to recieve. I see this as being an artist, of any kind. The artist is asked to make a certain painting if the painting doesn't sell then there is no payment. I've done free lance design for tattoos and I never was paid unless the client chose my design, with that being said I knew going in that my work my not get me the money for the hours I put in. Now I have also been asked to do other jobs involving art and I've set a dollar amount before the job. So learn from this situation and get some kind of understanding about how the situation will unfold. i.e. Get a contract negotiate a price before you put any time into the project. |
315,148 | I have installed my Ubuntu onto a partition on the same drive where my windows is. I would like to install GRUB, but cannot access the Ubuntu installation as Windows starts instead. I am in the USB Live Version trying to install grub but I get this:
>
> grub-install dev\sda4
>
>
> cannot create directory /boot/grub/i386-pc permission denied
>
>
>
Please help me install GRUB. | 2013/07/01 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/315148",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/171764/"
] | NO NEED TO RE INSTALL!
You can use what is called a chroot to access your installed partition from a live CD. See [How to chroot Ubuntu using Live CD to fix GRUB rescue prompt](https://web.archive.org/web/20190630193946/http://karuppuswamy.com/wordpress/2010/06/02/how-to-chroot-to-ubuntu-using-live-cd-to-fix-grub-rescue-prompt/).
Basically how it works is you boot of the live CD and mount your Ubuntu install. You run `chroot`, and you are dropped into a command prompt for the installed Ubuntu instance instead of the CD. The guide above should tells you what you need to do. | I thought that grub was installing automatically... Try re-installing. At the Ubuntu Set up choosing thing (where you can select dual-boot or replace windows) select the option with the gear. Now select the Ubuntu partition, remove it and re-create it. Re-install Ubuntu and grub will install automatically (I think, it did so with my installation).
The option with the gear is the bottom one (in ubuntu 12.04) |
77,837 | On a webserver I now have to admnistrate I noticed that the robots.txt is empty. I wondered if there's a difference between an empty robots.txt and no file at all.
Do crawlers behave differently in these two cases? So, is it safe to just delete an empty robots.txt? | 2015/03/06 | [
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/questions/77837",
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com",
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/users/46434/"
] | >
> Do crawlers behave differently in these two cases?
>
>
>
A *robots.txt* file that's empty is really no different from one that's not found, both do not disallow crawling.
You might however receive lots of `404` errors in your server logs when crawlers request the *robots.txt* file, as indicated in this question [here](https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/questions/56720/what-is-a-minimum-valid-robots-txt-file).
>
> So, is it safe to just delete an empty robots.txt?
>
>
>
Yes, with the above caveat. | No. There's no difference.
You'd get 404 errors in your server log, and if you're subscribed to things like Google Web Master tools it might tell you you've not got one, but in terms of the crawler robot behavior -- they are the same for any robot you care about. |
77,837 | On a webserver I now have to admnistrate I noticed that the robots.txt is empty. I wondered if there's a difference between an empty robots.txt and no file at all.
Do crawlers behave differently in these two cases? So, is it safe to just delete an empty robots.txt? | 2015/03/06 | [
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/questions/77837",
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com",
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/users/46434/"
] | No. There's no difference.
You'd get 404 errors in your server log, and if you're subscribed to things like Google Web Master tools it might tell you you've not got one, but in terms of the crawler robot behavior -- they are the same for any robot you care about. | I don't know when this started, but WordPress auto-generates robots.txt if you don't have one. In my opinion, this is a terrible change. In my case, the auto-generated WordPress robots.txt file is sending robots to my admin page (?!) and this ended up getting indexed in DuckDuckGo, very strange.
WordPress created some kind of ["filter" to configure](https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/hooks/robots_txt/) robots.txt behavior, but a) I can't find any code to keep WordPress out of robots.txt entirely, and b) even if I manage to code something, that only affects one theme and one blog at a time.
I'd say this is a flaw in WordPress, assuming we all want an auto-generated robots.txt file.
Creating a "blank" robots.txt forces WordPress to stay out of my business, and sends the appropriate message to robots.
In short, if you see a blank robots.txt used for a WordPress blog (or some other software) this could be the reason: to prevent the auto-generation of something worse than a blank file. |
77,837 | On a webserver I now have to admnistrate I noticed that the robots.txt is empty. I wondered if there's a difference between an empty robots.txt and no file at all.
Do crawlers behave differently in these two cases? So, is it safe to just delete an empty robots.txt? | 2015/03/06 | [
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/questions/77837",
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com",
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/users/46434/"
] | >
> Do crawlers behave differently in these two cases?
>
>
>
A *robots.txt* file that's empty is really no different from one that's not found, both do not disallow crawling.
You might however receive lots of `404` errors in your server logs when crawlers request the *robots.txt* file, as indicated in this question [here](https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/questions/56720/what-is-a-minimum-valid-robots-txt-file).
>
> So, is it safe to just delete an empty robots.txt?
>
>
>
Yes, with the above caveat. | I don't know when this started, but WordPress auto-generates robots.txt if you don't have one. In my opinion, this is a terrible change. In my case, the auto-generated WordPress robots.txt file is sending robots to my admin page (?!) and this ended up getting indexed in DuckDuckGo, very strange.
WordPress created some kind of ["filter" to configure](https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/hooks/robots_txt/) robots.txt behavior, but a) I can't find any code to keep WordPress out of robots.txt entirely, and b) even if I manage to code something, that only affects one theme and one blog at a time.
I'd say this is a flaw in WordPress, assuming we all want an auto-generated robots.txt file.
Creating a "blank" robots.txt forces WordPress to stay out of my business, and sends the appropriate message to robots.
In short, if you see a blank robots.txt used for a WordPress blog (or some other software) this could be the reason: to prevent the auto-generation of something worse than a blank file. |
228,719 | I can't play GTA 5 online. Whenever I try to connect online it tells
me your profile doesn't have the correct permission to connect online. Can anyone please help me? I have a Xbox 360 with Xbox Live Silver | 2015/07/20 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/228719",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/118991/"
] | You need Xbox Live Gold to play games online. If you want to play online, you must pay for Gold. | that is a lie i was just playin gta 5 online with my freind now your trying ot rip off people i play gta5 online for free i just have to have to go to setting click on wifi and then click xbox live connection then go to your profile then click xbox live it is ganna say if you wanna makea acconut for xbox live make one |
88,684 | Is it possible that Oracle places backdoors in VirtualBox that compromise a user's privacy/anonymity? For example, is running Whonix through VirtualBox a secure set up if your host OS is unencrypted? How likely is it that Oracle can break out of the VM and "silently" gain root access to the underlying OS? What precautions can be taken to minimize these threats? Are there any viable alternatives? | 2015/05/07 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/88684",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/76017/"
] | **I just put some opinions from [this link](http://www.wilderssecurity.com/threads/is-it-possible-for-vm-to-have-nsa-backdoor.356193/):**
If they wanted to include backdoors in VirtualBox, they would've closed the source a long time ago. Why would they spend time implementing a backdoor in open-source software that, if ever detected, would pretty much lead to everyone abandoning the software en masse? Leaving it open allows potentially thousands of individuals to comb through different areas of the source as they look for bugs and compile it on their own. There are too many eyes on it for me to buy into the notion of backdoors being likely. Yes, it's still possible. Anything is possible if you want to speak in technicalities.
You can download the source, review it, and compile it yourself.
Generally, yes, a backdoor is possible in any kind of software.
Yes it is possible but if the guest OS is installed in a TC container they need a backdoor also in TC before they are able to have access to the guest OS, and atm i dont think TC has backdoors, even if in these weeks some users are investigating about that.
and also this [Virtualbox Programming Guide and Reference](http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/SDKRef.pdf)
that says: – there are no hidden backdoors into the virtualization engine for our own frontends.
but I think nobody can prove his/her opinion.(the answers are opinion-based not expert-based) | If you can not trust your virtualisation software, you're in deep trouble. The virtualisation software can do \*anything it wants) to the virtualised code (due to direct memory manipulation) but this is at the level of "Hey, can someone steal my creditcard data even if I encrypted it from memory when the memory is full of measurement probes?" (a.k.a. you could, but its highly unlikely).
As @ali pointed out, Virtualbox is open source and you (or anyone) can inspect the code and see if such a thing is there. I haven't seen a call home routine during my network scans so I do not think it is there. And even if it would be as @Ali also pointed out, if they are ever caught it would be a huge publicity nightmare and Oracle could risk their reputation and business in the server market (that alone I think is motivation enough for them to never even try to implement something like that). |
88,684 | Is it possible that Oracle places backdoors in VirtualBox that compromise a user's privacy/anonymity? For example, is running Whonix through VirtualBox a secure set up if your host OS is unencrypted? How likely is it that Oracle can break out of the VM and "silently" gain root access to the underlying OS? What precautions can be taken to minimize these threats? Are there any viable alternatives? | 2015/05/07 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/88684",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/76017/"
] | **I just put some opinions from [this link](http://www.wilderssecurity.com/threads/is-it-possible-for-vm-to-have-nsa-backdoor.356193/):**
If they wanted to include backdoors in VirtualBox, they would've closed the source a long time ago. Why would they spend time implementing a backdoor in open-source software that, if ever detected, would pretty much lead to everyone abandoning the software en masse? Leaving it open allows potentially thousands of individuals to comb through different areas of the source as they look for bugs and compile it on their own. There are too many eyes on it for me to buy into the notion of backdoors being likely. Yes, it's still possible. Anything is possible if you want to speak in technicalities.
You can download the source, review it, and compile it yourself.
Generally, yes, a backdoor is possible in any kind of software.
Yes it is possible but if the guest OS is installed in a TC container they need a backdoor also in TC before they are able to have access to the guest OS, and atm i dont think TC has backdoors, even if in these weeks some users are investigating about that.
and also this [Virtualbox Programming Guide and Reference](http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/SDKRef.pdf)
that says: – there are no hidden backdoors into the virtualization engine for our own frontends.
but I think nobody can prove his/her opinion.(the answers are opinion-based not expert-based) | This by no means is a solid answer (I'd rather leave this as a comment than an answer, but I do not have the proper reputation). Depending on the network settings of your VirtualBox, if someone somehow got control of your VirtualBox, they could possibly get into your router or other devices on your network depending on settings and situation. Not to mention, if you are sharing folders with the VirtualBox, they could insert a malicious file and do some social engineering such as replacing a file in that folder with a file that looks similar (same filename, icon, and file data), but is actually malware. Nevertheless, common sense tells us that if anyone were to gain access to our VirtualBox, there is the potential for real damage to be done. As for backdoors, @Ali covered that excellently. |
88,684 | Is it possible that Oracle places backdoors in VirtualBox that compromise a user's privacy/anonymity? For example, is running Whonix through VirtualBox a secure set up if your host OS is unencrypted? How likely is it that Oracle can break out of the VM and "silently" gain root access to the underlying OS? What precautions can be taken to minimize these threats? Are there any viable alternatives? | 2015/05/07 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/88684",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/76017/"
] | If you can not trust your virtualisation software, you're in deep trouble. The virtualisation software can do \*anything it wants) to the virtualised code (due to direct memory manipulation) but this is at the level of "Hey, can someone steal my creditcard data even if I encrypted it from memory when the memory is full of measurement probes?" (a.k.a. you could, but its highly unlikely).
As @ali pointed out, Virtualbox is open source and you (or anyone) can inspect the code and see if such a thing is there. I haven't seen a call home routine during my network scans so I do not think it is there. And even if it would be as @Ali also pointed out, if they are ever caught it would be a huge publicity nightmare and Oracle could risk their reputation and business in the server market (that alone I think is motivation enough for them to never even try to implement something like that). | This by no means is a solid answer (I'd rather leave this as a comment than an answer, but I do not have the proper reputation). Depending on the network settings of your VirtualBox, if someone somehow got control of your VirtualBox, they could possibly get into your router or other devices on your network depending on settings and situation. Not to mention, if you are sharing folders with the VirtualBox, they could insert a malicious file and do some social engineering such as replacing a file in that folder with a file that looks similar (same filename, icon, and file data), but is actually malware. Nevertheless, common sense tells us that if anyone were to gain access to our VirtualBox, there is the potential for real damage to be done. As for backdoors, @Ali covered that excellently. |
1,316,403 | Suppose you have a web site consisting of:
* A web server serving your various users requests
* A DB for persistence
* **A separate server asynchronously doing background stuff - preparing the data on the DB, updating it according to changes, etc. - regardless of what's going on in the main server**.
You can easily translate this into another world and talk about threads for example - i.e. having one thread preparing the data asynchronously for a main thread which is running.
Is there a name for this pattern, if it is a pattern at all?
Are there any pros/cons for this method of processing data in terms of performance?
---
Let me just clarify that I'm asking specifically about the second web server doing background processing, and not the whole architecture. | 2009/08/22 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1316403",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/24545/"
] | Everything has patterns. If you've seen it more than twice, there's a pattern.
You've got three examples of **Client-Server**.
You've got **Browser-Web Server**.
You've got web server in the role of **DB Client** talking to **DB Server**.
You've got web server in the role of **App server client** talking to an **App Server**.
Sometimes folks like to call this **N-Tier** since there are at three tiers of **Browser-Web Server-DB Server**, plus an additional application server tier.
Some folks expand this into the **Services Bus** concept. Your web server uses DB server and application server.
The **Asynchronous Back-End** and **Back-end Server** are names I've heard to describe your application server architecture. | I don't have a pattern name for you (not to say there isn't one), but what you have here is an optimization to keep your main thread from responding slowly to requests. It doesn't have to calculate data, it just has to provide it.
This is similar to UI coding. You don't do any work on your UI thread, you just draw. Other threads should be responsible for figuring everything else out, so your UI is responsive. |
1,316,403 | Suppose you have a web site consisting of:
* A web server serving your various users requests
* A DB for persistence
* **A separate server asynchronously doing background stuff - preparing the data on the DB, updating it according to changes, etc. - regardless of what's going on in the main server**.
You can easily translate this into another world and talk about threads for example - i.e. having one thread preparing the data asynchronously for a main thread which is running.
Is there a name for this pattern, if it is a pattern at all?
Are there any pros/cons for this method of processing data in terms of performance?
---
Let me just clarify that I'm asking specifically about the second web server doing background processing, and not the whole architecture. | 2009/08/22 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1316403",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/24545/"
] | I don't have a pattern name for you (not to say there isn't one), but what you have here is an optimization to keep your main thread from responding slowly to requests. It doesn't have to calculate data, it just has to provide it.
This is similar to UI coding. You don't do any work on your UI thread, you just draw. Other threads should be responsible for figuring everything else out, so your UI is responsive. | I don't know if it's officially a pattern name but this looks almost like batch processing from the mainframe days. |
1,316,403 | Suppose you have a web site consisting of:
* A web server serving your various users requests
* A DB for persistence
* **A separate server asynchronously doing background stuff - preparing the data on the DB, updating it according to changes, etc. - regardless of what's going on in the main server**.
You can easily translate this into another world and talk about threads for example - i.e. having one thread preparing the data asynchronously for a main thread which is running.
Is there a name for this pattern, if it is a pattern at all?
Are there any pros/cons for this method of processing data in terms of performance?
---
Let me just clarify that I'm asking specifically about the second web server doing background processing, and not the whole architecture. | 2009/08/22 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1316403",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/24545/"
] | Everything has patterns. If you've seen it more than twice, there's a pattern.
You've got three examples of **Client-Server**.
You've got **Browser-Web Server**.
You've got web server in the role of **DB Client** talking to **DB Server**.
You've got web server in the role of **App server client** talking to an **App Server**.
Sometimes folks like to call this **N-Tier** since there are at three tiers of **Browser-Web Server-DB Server**, plus an additional application server tier.
Some folks expand this into the **Services Bus** concept. Your web server uses DB server and application server.
The **Asynchronous Back-End** and **Back-end Server** are names I've heard to describe your application server architecture. | I don't know if it's officially a pattern name but this looks almost like batch processing from the mainframe days. |
181,541 | The message that appears in the reputation tab of a user's profile when they gain or lose reputation due votes disappearing when another user is deleted is simply:
>
> user was removed
>
>
>
This message is confusing and unhelpful. Below are comments that demonstrate this confusion, [from users who eventually found the FAQ post](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/126470/what-does-user-was-removed-mean-and-why-did-my-reputation-change-because-of-it/126471?noredirect=1#comment394501_126471). I don't have any quotes from the users who could not find it and remained confused.
There is [a year-old popular feature request suggesting different messages](https://meta.stackexchange.com/q/130122/134300), and [another suggesting adding links to a more detailed explanation](https://meta.stackexchange.com/q/164879). However, the message has not been changed.
I know that in the past the developers have been reluctant to direct users to meta in some situations, such as question bans, because it may cause users to post here appropriately. That does not seem to apply to this case. This is not typically a case of "[users who get this message have HEAVILY abused the system](https://meta.stackexchange.com/a/113179/134300)"; most of us have probably seen the message at some point.
Why is this message vague and unlinked? What negative behaviour does this confusion mitigate?
---
>
> My first interpretation was that I was the user who was removed!
>
>
>
>
> I just simply wished the explanation on the reputation page was better. Seems like I shouldn't have had to come to the meta section to figure this out.
>
>
>
>
> It must be better to show "User was removed". For a moment I just thought that I was removed :-(
>
>
>
>
> the information should be better. I lost 10 points yesterday by "user removed" and assumed that I was the one being removed, leaving me wondering why and feeling somewhat embarrassed.
>
>
>
>
> The recalc policy is fine. But the red mark and "user was removed" looks cryptic and unnecessarily negative--especially since the only user name mentioned on a profile is one's own. So the natural impulse is to bind "user" to the account you're looking at. (It was jarring to me and I could tell what it meant, but still this could be clearer.) I agree that orange is better than red and ideally all of these things would have hyperlinks to a help page (or at least a meta post) explaining what the deal is.
>
>
>
>
> +1 (to HostileFork) for the idea of linking to an explanation of 'User was removed'. It just took me 10+ minutes to find this particular thread and read through, when I could have simply clicked through! I would also like a little more info on why user was removed (abuse, friend upvotes, rules, etc) , as that could help educate the community as a whole on what behaviors to report.
>
>
>
>
> I could care less about the rep gain or loss, but when you have a loss it is a scary message without context. I honestly thought for a moment that my account had been inhibited in some way. No, it didn't say "Your account was removed." Still, there is that moment of "what did I do wrong?" which seems silly to cause simply by not posting a few extra words. A clearer "A user who voted on your posts was removed along with reputation changes they caused" would have gone a long way to not cause me to question my participation in the review queues as of late.
>
>
>
>
> My problem is that the message "user has been removed" is not a clickable link like the other messages - so I had to search meta to discover this question to find out what it meant.
>
>
> | 2013/05/23 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/181541",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/134300/"
] | I would like to see it changed to:
>
> A deleted user's votes were removed
>
>
>
This puts the focus on what happened to you - some of your rep is gone - while (I hope) not inspiring you to think there is something you can do about it. | >
> What negative behaviour does this confusion mitigate?
>
>
>
For you? None. This has *nothing* to do with you; the other user is the one who is being punished. In fact, they may not even be getting punished; they may simply have *chosen* to delete their account.
>
> But I do care about which vote is gone, which question's, answer's, or whatever's. I don´t see the rationale behind telling me that a user passed away, took votes with him, yet not telling me for what he originally had up/downvoted. – TheBlastOne
>
>
>
Why? What difference does it make to you? The rep change had nothing to do with the quality (or lack therefore) of your post. The change was due entirely to the other user, so there is nothing you can do with the information. |
718,090 | I have a problem while setting up DNS forwarding in Windows 2012 Server R2.
The local network two AD servers running DNS servers at 192.168.0.10 (AD1) and 192.168.0.11 (AD2). Both DNSes have forwarders set up, 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4. The DNS entries on the network adapter for AD1 are set to 192.168.0.11 and 127.0.0.1. AD2 follows the same approach, and has 192.168.0.10 and 127.0.0.1 set up as primary and secondary DNSes on its NIC. Since this is a multihomed environment, I am leaving out the rest of the NIC configuration - I will gladly provide it if necessary.
When I try to access a "public" address (say www.google.com) from any of those servers, everything works without a glitch. However, whenever I try to ping that same address from any of the domain clients from the same local network (say at 192.168.0.20, having its DNS servers pointing at AD1 and AD2), I get
>
> Ping request could not find host www.google.com. Please check the name and try again.
>
>
>
At the same time, nslookup works everywhere! Name resolution for local domain names works from all clients, so it appears that local DNSes are working, but something is wrong with the forwarding setup.
Ping works for all IP addresses, so there are no connectivity problems. When I add an external DNS (say 8.8.8.8) to the client's configuration - as a tertiary DNS - ping becomes fully functional. There has to be a better way of doing this. Without this external DNS, "No Internet access" is displayed in the "Connectivity" column next to the NIC in the Network and sharing center. This is obviously not the case - apart from not being able to resolve symbolic names, everything works.
I have tried removing the forwarders, and use only root hints, without success.
I'm sure I'm missing obvious, but after spending half of day on it, I am still at the beginning. | 2015/08/31 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/718090",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/307783/"
] | Change the IP address scheme of your network. | As suggested, probably best to change your network layout if it's really that important. However, it should be possible to add a static route to the remote router interface.
I'm not 100% familiar with the Windows syntax for adding a route but on the VPN client it should be something like:
>
> route -p add 192.168.1.1 mask 255.255.255.255 <VPN-gateway-IP:10.8.0.1?>
>
>
>
or on a Linux client:
>
> route add 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.255 gw <VPN-gateway-IP:10.8.0.1?>
>
>
>
Or something similar to that. The goal is to set a static route to that IP which goes over the VPN instead of being routed locally. The VPN gateway may need to be additionally configured to allow and route to its local 192.168.0.0 network as well. |
24,270 | Being an electronic music producer, file format is something I have to consider at some point. I usually export my songs as .wavs and then convert them to .mp3s later (since they are smaller than .wavs). But can someone tell me which is better concerning sound quality or other factors? | 2014/10/14 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/24270",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/13617/"
] | [Wave](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAV) is an **uncompressed** or lossless format, whereas [MP3](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3) is **compressed** or lossy. Technically **.wav** is just a container format and can hold various types of compressed or uncompressed audio, but typically you'll see it containing [LPCM](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse-code_modulation) uncompressed audio (the same as on audio CDs). With **.wav** files, you are essentially getting a raw bitstream representation of the audio signal in digital form. An analog sound produced in the real world contains essentially an infinite amount of information because it is a wave that is constantly changing (see below). In order to bring these sounds into the digital domain you need to sample the signal at various intervals to make an approximation of the sound. For .wav the audio signal is usually sampled at 44,100 times per second or more, and each sampled value is recorded so the sound wave can be reproduced:
*The analog sound wave is sampled at every T interval to make a digital approximation of the original signal. (For digital audio T is usually 1/44,100th of a second or less)*
**MP3s** are compressed in order to squeeze the same audio information into a smaller file size. The **.wav** format is great for very faithful representations of the analog signal, but as you probably know that's usually at the cost of larger file sizes. **Compressed audio** (and video in a similar fashion) is designed to reduce the file size while still maintaining a respectable level of fidelity. In layman's terms, compression attempts to remove the unnecessary data from the stream and reduce the signal to its most necessary components. With MP3, the compression and encoding algorithms use a model of how we hear to analyze the audio in the frequency domain and remove any unnecessary information. For instance, due to [auditory masking](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_masking) if there are two sounds at close frequencies, often we will only hear the louder one if the difference in volume between the two is significant. So for MP3, the lower volume sound could be discarded and the audio would sound essentially he same to our ears. [More info on the technical side of MP3 encoding here.](http://arstechnica.com/features/2007/10/the-audiofile-understanding-mp3-compression/2/)
In practice, both .wav and MP3 have their uses. For production, **.wav** is the standard because it will almost always be a 100% accurate, bit-for-bit reproduction of the source material. **MP3s** can be a decent alternative at high enough bitrates. The **bitrate** is the measure of how many bits per second the MP3 encoding will use, meaning the higher the bitrate, the closer the MP3 will be to the original, uncompressed stream. Bitrate is usually measured in kilobits per second (kbps). I like high audio quality for my digital music collection, so when I have the option I usually encode MP3s at a constant 256 or 320kbps. That is the higher end of what MP3s are capable of, and unfortunately a lot of digital music out there is not encoded that high. When the bitrate comes down, you can usually hear it first in the high frequencies, for example the cymbals from a drum kit will sound off. 160kbps is tolerable, but anything lower than that and you will really start to notice. But again, with a high enough bitrate the differences between **MP3** and **.wav** are barely distinguishable, especially to an untrained listener (most listeners).
For **.wav** files we mostly look at **bit depth** and **sample rate** or frequency. Bit depth is the number of bits used to encode each sampled value. The sample rate tells how many times per second the audio is sampled. CD (.wav) and MP3 are encoded at 44,100 Hz sample rate (Hertz meaning "cycles per second"). Newer computers and audio hardware/software are now accommodating higher sample rates, including 48kHz or 96kHz. For **.wav** the bit depth is usually 16-bits or 24-bits on the newer systems. For most purposes, when using .wav, 16-bit and 44.1kHz is sufficient, but if you have the capabilities it's usually worth upgrading to 24-bit, 48kHz.
Some **example file sizes** for a stereo five minute recording:
* .wav, 16-bit, 44.1kHz: 50 MB
* .wav, 24-bit, 48kHz: 82 MB
* .wav, 24-bit, 96kHz: 164 MB
* MP3, 128kbps, 44.1kHz: 4.5 MB
* MP3, 192kbps, 44.1kHz: 7 MB
* MP3, 320kbps, 44.1kHz: 11 MB
* FLAC, 24-bit, 44.1kHz: 28 MB
* FLAC, 24-bit, 48kHz: 31 MB
* FLAC, 24-bit, 96kHz: 61 MB
There is also a **variable bitrate** option for MP3 encoding, which should offer slightly smaller file sizes for the same quality. It uses an encoding scheme that changes (varies) the bitrate for different portions of the song depending on complexity and how many samples would be needed to recreate a given section faithfully.
**[Edit: FLAC]**
There is a third category as well: **lossless compression**. [FLAC](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FLAC) is a good example of this, and has the quality and fidelity of a .wav file but with smaller file sizes (still considerably larger than MP3 though). One downside of FLAC, especially in a production setting, is that not all software can play it. I use it for certain albums in my personal digital music collection where I want a more faithful reproduction than MP3. But for production I usually stick with .wav and MP3.
**[TL;DR]** I keep my samples and loops as .wav if I can help it, and usually encode my finished tracks to MP3 for distribution. If you have the option, go with .wav. But if there are space constraints or you only have an MP3 version of something, as long as it's a high enough bitrate (at least 256kpbs is ideal), most people can't tell the difference. | The executive summary of Charles' very detailed answer is:
* Use WAV for recording and editing.
* Use your audio editor's native file format with references to the WAV files to keep disk space under control
* use MP3 for distribution. 44.1 and 160kbps is lots, unless your audience has a home stereo that is worth more than their car and ears to match. |
126,791 | A stochastic process is a process that evolves over time, so is it really a fancier way of saying "time series"? | 2014/12/05 | [
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/126791",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/users/61158/"
] | The difference between a stochastic process and a time series is somewhat like the difference between a cat on a keyboard and an answer on Stack Exchange: Cats on keyboards can produce answers, but cats on keyboards *are not* answers. Furthermore, not every answer is produced by a cat on a keyboard.
A time series can be understood as a collection of time-value–data-point pairs. A stochastic process on the other hand is a mathematical model or a mathematical description of a distribution of time series¹. Some time series are a realisation of stochastic processes (of either kind). Or, from another point of view: I can use a stochastic process as a model to generate a time series.
Furthermore, time series can also be generated in other ways:
* They can be the result of observations and are thus generated by reality. While I can model reality as a stochastic process (I could also say that I regard reality as a stochastic process), reality *is not* a stochastic process in the same way that the interior of a box is not a set of points (though we often regard the two equivalent in modelling contexts).
* They can be generated by deterministic processes. Now, strictly speaking, we could (and arguably should) define stochastic processes and deterministic processes in a way that the latter are special cases of the former, but we very rarely make use of this and speaking of deterministic processes as special cases of stochastic processes may cause some confusion – you could compare it to calling $x=2$ a system of non-linear equations.
---
¹ If it is a discrete-time stochastic process. Continuous-time stochastic process are distributions of functions rather than time series. | A random variable is a **random variable**
A vector of random variables is a **random vector**
A set of random variables is a **random field**
Like random vector, we need to give the random variables an *index* to identify that variable. Using different indexing schemas result in different real life applications, for example:
* If we index the random variables in the random field with rows and columns of pixel positions, then this random field can be used to represent **images**;
* If we index the random variables in the random field with discrete time labels, then the random field can be used to represent **time series**.
To your question, stochastic processes are about random fields, so the answer is yes. |
4,275,385 | For business purpose, I need to get in touch with CRM 2011 (cf. 5.0) and TFS 2010 then try to see whether they can be integrated together or not. I've read something about TFS 2008 and CRM 2009 but couldn't find input related to CRM 2011 and TFS 2010.
Any suggestion, tip, pointer, trick, highlight... is welcome :) | 2010/11/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4275385",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/429059/"
] | They are not, but you never know someone might come up with it soon. I know I will try :) | A bit late to the party, but there is [Microsoft Dynamics CRM & TFS Case Integration](http://www.quantumwhisper.com/dynamics-crm-microsoft-tfs-integration/) from [Quantum Whisper](http://www.quantumwhisper.com/). I didn't try it yet, though. |
21,021,488 | I am aware of **.remove()** , I am using it and its working fine, I mean its removing the element which I want. But I think it doesn't removes it permanently. On right clicking in browser window selecting **View page source** I am still able to see those removed elements.
I want to remove them completely or say permanently.
Please help. | 2014/01/09 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/21021488",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2176356/"
] | `.remove()` removes them completely. The reason you still seem then in the view page source is because the page source does not change based on javascript. The page source shows how the page originally looked when it was first loaded, not how it currently is.
If you look in the developers console, you will see that they are no longer there.
Likewise, if you dynamically add a new element with javascript/jquery, it will not show that element in the page source. | view source render the code within the page that you have written(*static*)
for *dynamic changes/view* inspect the elements tab in developer tools. |
21,021,488 | I am aware of **.remove()** , I am using it and its working fine, I mean its removing the element which I want. But I think it doesn't removes it permanently. On right clicking in browser window selecting **View page source** I am still able to see those removed elements.
I want to remove them completely or say permanently.
Please help. | 2014/01/09 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/21021488",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2176356/"
] | `.remove()` removes them completely. The reason you still seem then in the view page source is because the page source does not change based on javascript. The page source shows how the page originally looked when it was first loaded, not how it currently is.
If you look in the developers console, you will see that they are no longer there.
Likewise, if you dynamically add a new element with javascript/jquery, it will not show that element in the page source. | View page source shows the content of the original HTML file, as returned by the HTTP server. The DOM can be altered with javascript, but the source will not change. |
21,021,488 | I am aware of **.remove()** , I am using it and its working fine, I mean its removing the element which I want. But I think it doesn't removes it permanently. On right clicking in browser window selecting **View page source** I am still able to see those removed elements.
I want to remove them completely or say permanently.
Please help. | 2014/01/09 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/21021488",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2176356/"
] | `.remove()` removes them completely. The reason you still seem then in the view page source is because the page source does not change based on javascript. The page source shows how the page originally looked when it was first loaded, not how it currently is.
If you look in the developers console, you will see that they are no longer there.
Likewise, if you dynamically add a new element with javascript/jquery, it will not show that element in the page source. | **Page Source and DOM are two different different things**, whenever you edit the elements or remove them it get removes from **DOM** and not from page source. That means The javascript manipulate the DOM not the source which come from the server.
[**DOM**](http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Core/introduction.html): The Document Object Model (DOM) is an application programming interface (API) for valid HTML and well-formed XML documents.
The view source always shows the content came from the server initially without any modification. Use **[DEVELOPER CONSOLE](https://developers.google.com/chrome-developer-tools/docs/console)** in browsers to see the live DOM manipulation.
*Note: Press **F12** to enable console on major browser* |
21,021,488 | I am aware of **.remove()** , I am using it and its working fine, I mean its removing the element which I want. But I think it doesn't removes it permanently. On right clicking in browser window selecting **View page source** I am still able to see those removed elements.
I want to remove them completely or say permanently.
Please help. | 2014/01/09 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/21021488",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2176356/"
] | `.remove()` removes them completely. The reason you still seem then in the view page source is because the page source does not change based on javascript. The page source shows how the page originally looked when it was first loaded, not how it currently is.
If you look in the developers console, you will see that they are no longer there.
Likewise, if you dynamically add a new element with javascript/jquery, it will not show that element in the page source. | You Cannot permenantly remove the dom elements using jquery or javascript. .remove() is totally different from your logic. just it removes temporary hide from the dom elements suppose you refresh the page it comes again it is jquery magic. |
21,021,488 | I am aware of **.remove()** , I am using it and its working fine, I mean its removing the element which I want. But I think it doesn't removes it permanently. On right clicking in browser window selecting **View page source** I am still able to see those removed elements.
I want to remove them completely or say permanently.
Please help. | 2014/01/09 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/21021488",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2176356/"
] | **Page Source and DOM are two different different things**, whenever you edit the elements or remove them it get removes from **DOM** and not from page source. That means The javascript manipulate the DOM not the source which come from the server.
[**DOM**](http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Core/introduction.html): The Document Object Model (DOM) is an application programming interface (API) for valid HTML and well-formed XML documents.
The view source always shows the content came from the server initially without any modification. Use **[DEVELOPER CONSOLE](https://developers.google.com/chrome-developer-tools/docs/console)** in browsers to see the live DOM manipulation.
*Note: Press **F12** to enable console on major browser* | view source render the code within the page that you have written(*static*)
for *dynamic changes/view* inspect the elements tab in developer tools. |
21,021,488 | I am aware of **.remove()** , I am using it and its working fine, I mean its removing the element which I want. But I think it doesn't removes it permanently. On right clicking in browser window selecting **View page source** I am still able to see those removed elements.
I want to remove them completely or say permanently.
Please help. | 2014/01/09 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/21021488",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2176356/"
] | **Page Source and DOM are two different different things**, whenever you edit the elements or remove them it get removes from **DOM** and not from page source. That means The javascript manipulate the DOM not the source which come from the server.
[**DOM**](http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Core/introduction.html): The Document Object Model (DOM) is an application programming interface (API) for valid HTML and well-formed XML documents.
The view source always shows the content came from the server initially without any modification. Use **[DEVELOPER CONSOLE](https://developers.google.com/chrome-developer-tools/docs/console)** in browsers to see the live DOM manipulation.
*Note: Press **F12** to enable console on major browser* | View page source shows the content of the original HTML file, as returned by the HTTP server. The DOM can be altered with javascript, but the source will not change. |
21,021,488 | I am aware of **.remove()** , I am using it and its working fine, I mean its removing the element which I want. But I think it doesn't removes it permanently. On right clicking in browser window selecting **View page source** I am still able to see those removed elements.
I want to remove them completely or say permanently.
Please help. | 2014/01/09 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/21021488",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2176356/"
] | **Page Source and DOM are two different different things**, whenever you edit the elements or remove them it get removes from **DOM** and not from page source. That means The javascript manipulate the DOM not the source which come from the server.
[**DOM**](http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Core/introduction.html): The Document Object Model (DOM) is an application programming interface (API) for valid HTML and well-formed XML documents.
The view source always shows the content came from the server initially without any modification. Use **[DEVELOPER CONSOLE](https://developers.google.com/chrome-developer-tools/docs/console)** in browsers to see the live DOM manipulation.
*Note: Press **F12** to enable console on major browser* | You Cannot permenantly remove the dom elements using jquery or javascript. .remove() is totally different from your logic. just it removes temporary hide from the dom elements suppose you refresh the page it comes again it is jquery magic. |
290,585 | For electric dipole: The direction of the dipole moment is from negative to positive charge, but that of the electrostatic field is from positive to negative. But in the case of magnetostatics, the magnetic field and dipole moment have the same direction. Isn't that a bit strange? Or am I missing something? | 2016/11/03 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/290585",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/130288/"
] | [Here is an illustration](http://onlinephys.haplosciences.com/magnetism.html) comparing electric and magnetic dipoles:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5NwUSm.jpg)
>
> In blue the magnetic field lines generated by a magnet.
> The pattern is similar to a electric dipole with 2 opposite charges.
>
>
>
The two systems are symmetric.
Here is their torque in an external field, note that the electric dipole needs an insulating bar so as not the positive to start moving to the negative.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/N0ZF9m.jpg)
>
> A magnet placed in a magnetic field will experience a torque
> and will aligned itself along the field lines.
> Like wise a dipole (made of 2 opposite charges of
> same magnitude) would too.
>
>
>
Conventions in definition may make a difference, whether magnetic field lines go from north to south or vice verso, similar for electric ones, but this should not affect the physical effects (torque). | I think you are comparing the electrostatic dipole to a magnetostatic dipole made of two monopoles. Magnetic dipole does not consist of two monopoles with opposite sign but rather consists of current loops (as far as classical physics is concerned). These current loops produce fields that are in the same direction as the dipole moment at the center. We define the magnetic dipole moment based on the torques experienced by it in a magnetic field. Since fields and forces act differently in magnetics, it is not rally much of a surprise that it is different from an electric dipole.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IIoOH.png)
Now, if you have to construct an imaginary dipole with monopoles of opposite signs such that the field produced by it matches observations at far away points, you will have to let the magnetic fields inside the dipole have the same direction as the dipole moment. |
185,342 | I want to ask about some plans, which I want to define in the question. And I want to start with *I wonder*. So something like:
>
> I wonder what the plans for the next steps regarding the topic we discussed yesterday are.
>
>
>
Admitting the sentence is not beautiful, I wonder if it is grammatically correct. It seems to be, according to the [British Council](http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/english-grammar/clause-phrase-and-sentence/verb-patterns/wh-clauses). But the verb in the end looks too much disconnected from the *plans* to me. However having a long immersion into German, where it would be correct, I can neither find a better form nor actually recall whether it's correct to do the same in English.
So, is the phrase above correct? | 2014/07/16 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/185342",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/7349/"
] | In line with the commenters above, I find your sentence grammatical but a little awkward (for the same reason you do).
I'd suggest either of these two variants, both of which place the verb *'are'* somewhat closer to the subject of the sentence:
>
> I wonder what the plans **are** for the next steps regarding the topic we discussed yesterday.
>
>
> I wonder what the plans for the next steps **are** regarding the topic we discussed yesterday.
>
>
> | FTR it's worth noting that in English, it is very common for "I wonder..." to be a filler meaning: **I have doubts about the following.**
For example, "I wonder if you should buy that house ..." - it's a euphemism for 'Hmm, I think it's a bad purchase."
That's not always the case, but just bear it in mind. |
79,458 | I mean, some elements don't conduct electricity, while some do.
They are all atoms, and electricity is always electrons.
So why won't it flow sometimes, and why does it flow in other times? | 2013/10/03 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/79458",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/11890/"
] | Conduction of charge has to do with the availability of electrons in the element to conduct charge by physically moving from one place inside the crystal structure of the material to another (that's what current is, movement of charge). Group I-III and transition elements conduct electricity. Moreover, they are solids so there is a high density of atoms per unit area inside them and thus a high density of electrons. Now in these elements, there are usually only 1 to 3 electrons available for conduction. What you have to realize is that, normally, with less than 4 electrons in the valence shell the nucleus is generally not strong enough to be able to confine the outermost shell electrons to the atoms. So these electrons usually fall out of the atoms, making them ions, and move about in the solid, always being affected by the charge of other nuclei nevertheless. This is called being in the conduction band, where the electron can move and conduct. That is why metals are described as ions in a 'sea of electrons'. And this type of bonding is called metallic bonding, which is described by the presence of ions and free electrons. Now this cannot happen if the nucleus is stronger than in the above situation, or there are more than 3 electrons in the valence shell. Now losing one electron requires a lot of energy as the nucleus is pulling with a greater charge (electrons in the valence shell are roughly the same distance off from the nucleus). This means no more formation of ions. Thus in carbon, for example, covalent bonds exist. And there are no free electrons in the material when the bonding is covalent, as the electrons are shared by atoms and aren't let go to roam about. Therefore, carbon, or diamond is a very good insulator. Similarly in oxygen or some other gas, for example, the bonding is covalent, so the electrons are not available for conduction. Furthermore, in gases the density of electrons is already less, but they still can conduct if ionised, meaning that they can lose/gain an electron, forming charges that can move and conduct (lightening strike).
So it's not as simple as just atoms lying around in any material in similar fashions. No, there is a huge difference between how the atoms end up arranging themselves/forming some kind of bonds according to what is energetically the most feasible. And the type of bonding is the key here, it gives rise to the presence or absence of 'free' electrons in the material for conduction.
Also, there are ionic solids, for example, which are compounds containing positive and negative ions held in fixed positions, this time due to the highly attractive forces. So there is nothing to move about and conduct electricity. But if you melt, for example NaCl, then you're giving the ions energy to overcome those highly attractive forces and move about. That's why ionic liquids conduct electricity and ionic solids do not.
So basically in the end, in a conductor, there appear free electrons but for an insulator that is not the case. | Conductivity depends on whether or not the electrons are free to move. In metals and semiconductors, the valence electrons are not attached to the atoms and can therefore conduct electricity. In insulators, the valence electrons are tightly bound to the atoms and an external electric field does not affect them but just causes polarization. |
10,735 | I'm considering the various references to one's job title or position - paper or electronic resumes and CVs, online resume services such as LinkedIn and Stack Overflow Careers, and social media (Facebook, Google+, Twitter).
For some background, when I started work at my company, the job titles were {role} {level}. An entry level software engineer would be a Software Engineer I. You stayed a Software Engineer for a while, and a promotion was moving from a I to a II to a III to a IV and so on over years. Depending on your roles as an individual technical contributor or leadership activities, throughout your career, you may change titles, such as to a Senior Software Engineer I. But the role titles didn't change that frequently and almost always came with new responsibilities. However, now, there are fewer role titles and levels - the possibilities for an engineer are "Associate Engineer", "Engineer", "Senior Engineer", "Staff Engineer", and "Principle Engineer" (and perhaps one other one).
Back when we had the numbering system, nothing actually contained the level number except for my internal employee bio page that has your information automatically generated - my paper resume, my LinkedIn profile, my Stack Overflow Careers CV, and so on all just read "Software Engineer". However, I was recently promoted to "Senior Software Engineer" (which, under the old system would have been more equivalent to a Software Engineer III or IV and than a Senior Software Engineer I - the old Senior levels align more closely with the Staff Engineer and Principle Engineer titles).
Considering that my responsibilities haven't shifted (there are some more expectations and opportunities, but on a day-to-day basis, I'm doing the same work I was doing 3 or 4 months ago), what should I include as a job title on various services?
In my specific case, I personally feel that "Senior Software Engineer" implies a certain amount of experience and education that a 2011 graduate from a BS program and someone with 1 year of internship experience and 2 years of post-graduation work experience doesn't have. I'm hesitant to include it on anything other than internal documents. However, it is my title that appears in my email signature block and when people look me up on the employee directories.
I'm trying to balance the different meaning of different titles in organizations (our "Senior Software Engineer" and your "Senior Software Engineer" may be different and I don't want to introduce confusion or false ideas). However, at the same time, having the title shows progression through the hierarchy (if one understands the company's hierarchy and meaning).
Is there a standard approach to this?
I'm currently considering updating my paper resume, LinkedIn, and Stack Overflow Careers to read "Senior Software Engineer" since that is my formal title and these are more formal identifiers. For other social media profiles (Facebook, Twitter, Google+, my Stack Exchange profile), I don't think the people reading them necessarily care about your title, so identifying as a "software engineer" is sufficient. Is this reasonable? | 2013/03/30 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/10735",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/3/"
] | Your instincts are correct in that titles are only really meaningful within the context that they're applied (regardless of industry -- "Accountant II" in Company A might mean something completely different in Company B), and that in your specific case your own title of "Senior Software Engineer" applied to your experience would probably not match up in other places.
However, the standard approach (and expectation, from a hiring manager's perspective) as to profiles that are meant for consumption by recruiters and other external users (e.g. LinkedIn, Careers 2.0, your "paper" resume, etc) is that these profiles and resumes reflect the reality of your situation. In other words, if your title is "Senior Software Engineer" then that's what you say if for no other reason then those that you described: that's how you're identified officially by the company, and when the HR firm of another company calls to verify employment, they're going to ask if you're employed with the company as whatever your title indicates.
If the hiring manager is actually doing his or her job, they'll question your title when stacked up against your experience and try to figure out (by asking you) to describe the duties and responsibilities that go along with your title and try to slot that in to what fits in our own pay bands, what we need, etc. It would be pretty clear pretty quickly if you were a person who just moved through the ranks quickly, or is in a position that inflates position titles, or is just outright lying about their skills, which are some of the different things I would be trying to suss out (the first one is a good sign, the second is a sad reality that doesn't help anyone, and the third one is a bad sign).
For less professional profiles, you're right -- the specificity of your title is not as important, unless it is, to you, in how you want to present yourself to the world. | Don't worry too much.
I used to work for a Bank as an IT Analyst, and my Job title at work was Bank Clerk.
So, Put what you like but don't invent something new. If i speak Army terms don't put Admiral if you are a Sargent.
Its quite safe to Change your title to another if it matches your Job Description and Level. But not something you are not.
I've doing that myself, and you can see the reason from above, there's no way i'm putting Bank Clerk on my CV. |
12,884,834 | I've been doing some programming in Java and some in C but now I need to sort of use both together.
Here's the situation, I'm using Hadoop/Hbase to process and store a lot of data but I'm using C/Cuda to do number crunching on the data. Is there a stable/mature/common way to take data (it's basically a log file) in Java and pass it to a C program, which C processes the data it stores it as a linked list that is then accessible by the Java app?
I might not be searching for the right thing, but so far I found JavaCPP, which is good but seems to involve both programs together. Because Java handles the data flow and C handles the processing of the data, I thought it might be better to keep them as independent programs that can communicate to each other as opposed to a single program that may become confusing. But I'm totally flexible so any suggestions/solutions are welcomed. | 2012/10/14 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/12884834",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/640558/"
] | You may find it easier to keep the programs testable and clear if you leave them separate and then use a client-server approach, or simply choose a common file format and have the latter steps poll the output directory for new files to process.
To make it easier to define file formats across different languages, consider a package like [Apache Thrift](http://thrift.apache.org) or [Google Protocol Buffers](http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/). | Here what I have on the top of my head
1. run C program using command line from java app.
2. Use JNI/JNA
3. Implement your own "client-server" architecture. It sounds complicated but in some cases it may be the best and the simplest solution.
4. Communicate using Web service, SOAP, REST, whatever.
I hope this is helpful for the beginning.
You are welcome to ask more specific questions once you have. |
16,393,026 | Something like a structure, how do you call that? I'm sure there is a shorter term then "class which instances are only used for variable storage" | 2013/05/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/16393026",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2311016/"
] | I would call it a Container class. | DTO - Data Transfer Object comes to mind. Also Model or ViewModel. |
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