qid int64 1 74.7M | question stringlengths 12 33.8k | date stringlengths 10 10 | metadata list | response_j stringlengths 0 115k | response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2,552 | I just got Intrigue, and it seems cool that it opens up the game to 5 or 6 players. However, the common consensus seems to be that its possible, [but not recommended](http://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/40834/dominion-intrigue). Is there anything I can do to make Dominion play better with 5 or 6 people? | 2011/02/12 | [
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/questions/2552",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/users/191/"
] | Not forever, but for a while at least, don't play with the cards that require a player to make a choice for every other player. I'm thinking of cards like the Spy, where you get to choose whether or not to trash the top card of each player's deck.
I suggest this because, if your group is inexperienced at Dominion, this kind of thing can easily slow the game down to a crawl. Personally I find that a lot of *my* Dominion actions are really simple things like "buy a Treasure" or "buy a Province". It drives me crazy if I'm waiting 5 minutes between each move when I'm just autopiloting my strategy.
Once everyone is experienced at Dominion, of course, they can get their moves done quickly and efficiently, even if multiple additional actions and draws are involved. As long as the game is going pretty much as fast as it can go, there are no grounds can complaint. But until then, it can be really frustrating to be sitting around non-interactively for minutes on end waiting to play a move that requires no thought on your part anyway. So, yes, that's my suggestion: phase the more complex and fiddly cards in gradually! | Whenever my group has 5 or 6 for Dominion, I try to split it into two groups, either 3+2 or 3+3. With Intrigue, there are enough basic Treasure, Victory, and Curses to go around. Then when both groups are finished, you can switch and play with the other Kingdom with no additional setup time; then compare notes as to how the different groups handled the different boards. |
298,357 | I left my computer (running XP) copying files to an external drive. After returning a few hours later, the laptop was pretty hot and had frozen.
I forced a reboot, and the laptop HDD hasn't worked since. I've set it up in an external enclosure, but XP can't mount the HDD to a drive letter, but is able to recognize the manufacturer and drive size (Hitachi, 320GB). There is no noise or rattling when the drive is spinning, but I can't get anything off of it since it can't be mounted, or see much of anything.
A computer repair shop ran some software tests and says that it came back with a "Zero Sector bad" message, and I need to send it to a professional data recovery service.
Are there any other options or ideas, before I have to spend thousands of dollars to recover my data? | 2011/06/17 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/298357",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/86267/"
] | If the drive doesn't show up in Windows explorer, the partition table might be corrupted. You can use [TestDisk](http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk) (*free*, *cross-platform*, and *open source*) to repair/overwrite them (it can find corrupted or missing partitions and rewrite the partition table).
Alternatively, you can also use TestDisk to simply recover the files (if you just want to format and start from scratch). TestDisk can also overwrite/recover the MBR or boot sector if that's corrupted as well. I've had success using it to copy files off of corrupted partitons/drives, since Windows Explorer would often hang when copying from bad sectors. | Here are two things you can try before data recovery, but **keep in mind** that the more you try to use the drive, the **less chance you have of getting a successful recovery**, so you'll need to think carefully about this before proceeding...
Use Drive Snapshot to get a snapshot image of your entire hard drive. If it can't recognize the partition, you can at least get a copy of all sectors which you could later try to mount (sometimes this actually works) or at least run a disk editor over (either the virtually mounted volume, or a new hard drive that you write the image on to).
Drive Snapshot (free 30-day trial)
<http://www.drivesnapshot.de/>
Run SpinRite to recover bad sectors from your hard drive. This is a tool made by the famous Steve Gibson, and the techniques he uses have recovered data from bad sectors on drives that other tools just couldn't do anything with back in the days when XT (4.77 MHz 8088 CPU) computers were the newest technology available.
SpinRite
<http://www.grc.com/sr/spinrite.htm> |
298,357 | I left my computer (running XP) copying files to an external drive. After returning a few hours later, the laptop was pretty hot and had frozen.
I forced a reboot, and the laptop HDD hasn't worked since. I've set it up in an external enclosure, but XP can't mount the HDD to a drive letter, but is able to recognize the manufacturer and drive size (Hitachi, 320GB). There is no noise or rattling when the drive is spinning, but I can't get anything off of it since it can't be mounted, or see much of anything.
A computer repair shop ran some software tests and says that it came back with a "Zero Sector bad" message, and I need to send it to a professional data recovery service.
Are there any other options or ideas, before I have to spend thousands of dollars to recover my data? | 2011/06/17 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/298357",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/86267/"
] | If the drive doesn't show up in Windows explorer, the partition table might be corrupted. You can use [TestDisk](http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk) (*free*, *cross-platform*, and *open source*) to repair/overwrite them (it can find corrupted or missing partitions and rewrite the partition table).
Alternatively, you can also use TestDisk to simply recover the files (if you just want to format and start from scratch). TestDisk can also overwrite/recover the MBR or boot sector if that's corrupted as well. I've had success using it to copy files off of corrupted partitons/drives, since Windows Explorer would often hang when copying from bad sectors. | I agree with what's above: right now you probably have a straightforward case for a data recovery lab. But depending on what steps you take to get the data back yourself, you risk permanent loss.
I'd at least call some data recovery labs like [Gillware](http://www.gillware.com) and [Drivesavers](http://www.drivesavers.com) to see what their price estimate is before going further with anything else yourself. If you're expecting thousands, you'll probably be pleasantly surprised.
This is probably a $400 to $600 case. Then you can weigh that against the value of your data and see what you want to do. A good data recovery lab won't charge you if they can't get your data back. |
590,620 | We have a performance measurement module that relies on HttpModule and HttpHandlers and works like this:
1. Request comes in to server for a page.
2. HttpModule\_Begin writes start time in the cookie.
3. HttpModule\_End writes end time in the cookie.
4. On client, when page load is finished, fire off a special request via AJAX
that is handled by HttpHandler\_ProcessRequest
5. In HttpHandler\_ProcessRequest subtract DateTime.Now from end time written by the previous HttpModule\_End (which is stored in the cookie) and store it in the database.
One thing I forgot to mention: all data is shared via a cookie, so the HttpHandler, just pulls the data from the cookie without any session id's, etc...
All participants are in the same time zone.
This process works fine for most cases, but there are some instances that report network time in excess of an hour!
This indicates a very large passage of time between the the writing of end time and firing off the AJAX request or a large passage of time between firing off AJAX request and the time it gets to the app server.
I am trying to figure what could be causing this issues in the wild. Why does the operation not simply time out? | 2009/02/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/590620",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/29726/"
] | Extend your troubleshooting: append values to the IIS log ([HttpContext.Current.Response.AppendToLog(string)](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.web.httpresponse.appendtolog.aspx)).
The IIS log will show your entries and you can determine when those requests were actually recorded. You can append whatever you want and it shows up in the query field of the log (assuming you're using W3C format.)
If you're experiencing delays in requests, as the evidence suggests, you can verify it.
This will give you the IIS log as a comparative source against the recorded values in cookies. | Are you including some unique id that allows the AJAX request handler to figure out the which end time to use for the calculation? If not, perhaps enough of the page has been rendered on the client that the AJAX request is actually coming before the end time has been written to the database and it is using the wrong end time. |
160,055 | I am currently a mathematics lecturer at a state university in the US. I still do research and put a lot of effort into publications, although it is not required for my position. My question is: Will my publications (in good journals) be seen as a positive by the math department and/or university overall? Do they gain any benefits from my research? Is there some baseline for number of publications that they need to meet for funding, etc? | 2020/12/15 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/160055",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/132795/"
] | The publications of faculty add to the reputation of a university, more specifically, to a department. But there is no direct effect. In funding for a particular project it will help if they can show productive activity in that area and your papers might be cited. Likewise having research seminars in a topic is helpful. But there aren't cutoffs or similar.
Regular faculty are in a good position for getting salary increases and/or reduced teaching loads, but this is probably less available to a lecturer. But it might give you an edge in a number of ways. It might not be possible to bypass regular procedures to hire you for a TT position, but people will look favorably upon an application. Likewise, if you work collaboratively with the tenured faculty you will be in a good position to get good letters when it is time to move on.
So, benefits: yes. Formulas: no. | One positive side-effect of your publications pertain to world university rankings.
All such higher education rankings I know of take into account the number of scholarly publications (and citations to these publications). They do so in two ways:
First, as inclusion criteria for institutes to be listed in a ranking (e.g. the *THE World University Ranking* demands more than 150 publications in a single year [[p. 6]](https://www.timeshighereducation.com/sites/default/files/breaking_news_files/the_2021_world_university_rankings_methodology_24082020final.pdf); or the *CWTS Leiden Ranking* ranks universities only if they have at least 800 publications in 2015-8 [[see here]](https://www.leidenranking.com/information/universities)).
And secondly, publications (and citations) serve as as core performance indicators. For instance, publications weigh 20% of a journal's score in the *Shanghai Ranking* (according to their [Ranking Methodology](http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU-Methodology-2020.html)).
And these university rankings, in turn, have their real-life impact - [as many studies show](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=impact%20of%20world%20university%20rankings). |
160,055 | I am currently a mathematics lecturer at a state university in the US. I still do research and put a lot of effort into publications, although it is not required for my position. My question is: Will my publications (in good journals) be seen as a positive by the math department and/or university overall? Do they gain any benefits from my research? Is there some baseline for number of publications that they need to meet for funding, etc? | 2020/12/15 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/160055",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/132795/"
] | (Although OP is in the US, the question doesn't have a "united-states" tag, so...)
In England and Wales, there's a pot of government money called ["QR funding"](https://re.ukri.org/funding/quality-related-research-funding/), which is allocated to universities in proportion to the quality and quantity of their faculty members' research publications, as measured in an episodic exercise called ["REF"](https://www.ref.ac.uk/). | One positive side-effect of your publications pertain to world university rankings.
All such higher education rankings I know of take into account the number of scholarly publications (and citations to these publications). They do so in two ways:
First, as inclusion criteria for institutes to be listed in a ranking (e.g. the *THE World University Ranking* demands more than 150 publications in a single year [[p. 6]](https://www.timeshighereducation.com/sites/default/files/breaking_news_files/the_2021_world_university_rankings_methodology_24082020final.pdf); or the *CWTS Leiden Ranking* ranks universities only if they have at least 800 publications in 2015-8 [[see here]](https://www.leidenranking.com/information/universities)).
And secondly, publications (and citations) serve as as core performance indicators. For instance, publications weigh 20% of a journal's score in the *Shanghai Ranking* (according to their [Ranking Methodology](http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU-Methodology-2020.html)).
And these university rankings, in turn, have their real-life impact - [as many studies show](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=impact%20of%20world%20university%20rankings). |
3,699 | How can I edit metadata of a PNG file?
Is there some free software I can use? | 2010/10/02 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/3699",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | The new-ish default Windows 10 photo viewer ("Photos") lets you edit PNG metadata now:
* "..." menu (top right)
* "File info"
* Can change the name or Date Taken fields there
If you only care about date and not time, you can change other date properties directly in Explorer (via preview panel) or from the right-click Properties window | MetadataTouch can edit PNG metadata, but it is not free. |
3,699 | How can I edit metadata of a PNG file?
Is there some free software I can use? | 2010/10/02 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/3699",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | [TweakPNG](http://entropymine.com/jason/tweakpng/) is a free software that can edit PNG metadata (Windows only). | The new-ish default Windows 10 photo viewer ("Photos") lets you edit PNG metadata now:
* "..." menu (top right)
* "File info"
* Can change the name or Date Taken fields there
If you only care about date and not time, you can change other date properties directly in Explorer (via preview panel) or from the right-click Properties window |
3,699 | How can I edit metadata of a PNG file?
Is there some free software I can use? | 2010/10/02 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/3699",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | If metadata is added to PNG files, such as keywords, it doesn't "stick" permanently. I found the only safe way was to use Bridge > Photoshop > Image processor and batch change the PNG to a JPEG, PSD, or TIFF file. I used tiff LZW to save space and even then it is a larger file than the png. I needed this to be able to add keywords and descriptions to pngs in scrapbook kits.
This was not my idea completely. I was changing the file extension in a more round about way and found this presented by a scrapbooker whose name and site I forget. I think her first name was Kayla. | MetadataTouch can edit PNG metadata, but it is not free. |
3,699 | How can I edit metadata of a PNG file?
Is there some free software I can use? | 2010/10/02 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/3699",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | From the Wikipedia page for ['`pngcrush`'](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pngcrush#Chunk_and_metadata_manipulation),
>
> The main purpose of pngcrush is to reduce the size of the PNG IDAT datastream by trying various combinations of compression methods and delta filters. However, pngcrush can also be used for various manipulations of PNG images, such as changing the bit depth, removing unwanted ancillary chunks, or **adding certain chunks including gAMA, tRNS, iCCP, and textual chunks**.
>
>
> | The new-ish default Windows 10 photo viewer ("Photos") lets you edit PNG metadata now:
* "..." menu (top right)
* "File info"
* Can change the name or Date Taken fields there
If you only care about date and not time, you can change other date properties directly in Explorer (via preview panel) or from the right-click Properties window |
3,699 | How can I edit metadata of a PNG file?
Is there some free software I can use? | 2010/10/02 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/3699",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | [TweakPNG](http://entropymine.com/jason/tweakpng/) is a free software that can edit PNG metadata (Windows only). | MetadataTouch can edit PNG metadata, but it is not free. |
3,699 | How can I edit metadata of a PNG file?
Is there some free software I can use? | 2010/10/02 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/3699",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | The new-ish default Windows 10 photo viewer ("Photos") lets you edit PNG metadata now:
* "..." menu (top right)
* "File info"
* Can change the name or Date Taken fields there
If you only care about date and not time, you can change other date properties directly in Explorer (via preview panel) or from the right-click Properties window | If metadata is added to PNG files, such as keywords, it doesn't "stick" permanently. I found the only safe way was to use Bridge > Photoshop > Image processor and batch change the PNG to a JPEG, PSD, or TIFF file. I used tiff LZW to save space and even then it is a larger file than the png. I needed this to be able to add keywords and descriptions to pngs in scrapbook kits.
This was not my idea completely. I was changing the file extension in a more round about way and found this presented by a scrapbooker whose name and site I forget. I think her first name was Kayla. |
3,699 | How can I edit metadata of a PNG file?
Is there some free software I can use? | 2010/10/02 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/3699",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | [TweakPNG](http://entropymine.com/jason/tweakpng/) is a free software that can edit PNG metadata (Windows only). | [ExifTool](https://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/) can edit PNG metadata. You can find the list of the supported tags [here](https://sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/TagNames/PNG.html).
Exiftool is a free command line tool, but there are GUI tools (listed on the ExifTool website) using the ExifTool engine. |
575,680 | The quote in question comes from [the Introduction, page 12, to this book](https://www.getmonero.org/library/Zero-to-Monero-2-0-0.pdf):
>
> In our quest for comprehensiveness, we have chosen to present all the basic elements of cryptography needed to understand the complexities of Monero, and their mathematical antecedents. In
> Chapter 2 we **develop** essential aspects of elliptic curve cryptography.
>
>
>
I have found that *develop* can mean [*to discover, find out; to uncover.*](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/develop#Verb) Is it the intended meaning? If so are there any other resources that would corroborate such meaning of *develop*?
I cannot help thinking about rewriting this sentence with another word, such as **cover** or **discover**, like so:
>
> In our quest for comprehensiveness, we have chosen to present all the basic elements of cryptography needed to understand the complexities of Monero, and their mathematical antecedents. In
> Chapter 2 we **cover** essential aspects of elliptic curve cryptography.
>
>
> | 2021/09/27 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/575680",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/349354/"
] | Speculation, as I've not found text evidence of this link, but I think you've overlooked the obvious. Similar to a "herdbook" (cattle), "studbook" (horses) or "flockbook" (sheep), a "pigbook" is nothing more or less than a book full of pictures of pigs. See, for example, this modern version: [A very handsome pig](http://akkps.pedigree-db.com/pedigree.cgi?horse=14287&PhotosOnly=1&Page=1&Sort=0)
Some wit noted the similarity between this agricultural publication and the student directory and applied it. | After I was issued "1985 Class Directory" upon entering Duke University in 1981, fellow students told me that the publication's nickname was the "pig book" and that this name derived from "pic book", i.e., "picture book". I was told that it was valued by sophomore, junior, and senior men who wanted to check out the new women on campus. |
575,680 | The quote in question comes from [the Introduction, page 12, to this book](https://www.getmonero.org/library/Zero-to-Monero-2-0-0.pdf):
>
> In our quest for comprehensiveness, we have chosen to present all the basic elements of cryptography needed to understand the complexities of Monero, and their mathematical antecedents. In
> Chapter 2 we **develop** essential aspects of elliptic curve cryptography.
>
>
>
I have found that *develop* can mean [*to discover, find out; to uncover.*](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/develop#Verb) Is it the intended meaning? If so are there any other resources that would corroborate such meaning of *develop*?
I cannot help thinking about rewriting this sentence with another word, such as **cover** or **discover**, like so:
>
> In our quest for comprehensiveness, we have chosen to present all the basic elements of cryptography needed to understand the complexities of Monero, and their mathematical antecedents. In
> Chapter 2 we **cover** essential aspects of elliptic curve cryptography.
>
>
> | 2021/09/27 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/575680",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/349354/"
] | Here is a lead, from **35 Slang Terms from the Victorian Era That Are Real Humdingers** at <https://dustyoldthing.com/35-victorian-slang-terms/>
>
> Keep a pig: a college term meaning to let a room to a freshman (new
> students were often called pigs)
>
>
>
Here is a similar reference to the term
>
> Keep a Pig: An Oxford University phrase, which means to have a lodger.
> A man whose rooms contain two bedchambers has sometimes, when his
> college is full, to allow the use of one of them to a freshman, who is
> called under these circumstances a pig. The original occupier is then
> said to “keep a pig.”
>
>
>
from <https://www.artofmanliness.com/character/knowledge-of-men/manly-slang-from-the-19th-century/>
Here is another interesting definition of pig that seems to fit:
>
> Pigs (Trin. Col., Cambridge, 19 cent.). Name given by the men of
> Trinity to their neighbours of St John's.
>
>
>
<https://archive.org/details/passingenglishof00wareuoft/page/196/mode/1up> page 196
Conjecturally, it could have originated as a reference to a book of photos of freshmen college students in general.
**ADDENDUM**
As I have mentioned in my comments elsewhere, it should not be surprising that the first references to a 'pig book' being a book of photos of freshmen was in the early 60's. It was not until 1957, and the invention of the Vanguard Offset Printing Press, that producing such a book was economically viable. One would, therefore, not expect a reference to such a book before it's first production.
Secondly, there would not be a necessity for such a book to be published, before the explosion of undergrad enrolment in the 60's. The freshman class size would be such that they would not need a 'directory' to identify them. However, after the explosion of undergrad enrollment in the '90s and after, producing and distribution of such a book would once again become uneconomical, with first year enrolment being in the thousands.
Thirdly, it must be remembered that in the 50's and early 60's, the majority of University students would have been males. Any reference to the necessity to print a directory to identify potential female freshmen would be moot. There would be very few of them. Such a book would serve no purpose. Thus any reference to the more contemporary use of 'pigs' as a derogatory term towards females or female-seeking males would be historically inappropriate. I posit the initial purpose of such a book would be to identify freshmen, without distinction of them being male or female, in an exponentially increasing student body.
It seems much more likely that the historical association of 'pigs' to a 'freshman' seems more likely, as a 'pig book' being 'a book of photos of freshmen'. | Speculation, as I've not found text evidence of this link, but I think you've overlooked the obvious. Similar to a "herdbook" (cattle), "studbook" (horses) or "flockbook" (sheep), a "pigbook" is nothing more or less than a book full of pictures of pigs. See, for example, this modern version: [A very handsome pig](http://akkps.pedigree-db.com/pedigree.cgi?horse=14287&PhotosOnly=1&Page=1&Sort=0)
Some wit noted the similarity between this agricultural publication and the student directory and applied it. |
575,680 | The quote in question comes from [the Introduction, page 12, to this book](https://www.getmonero.org/library/Zero-to-Monero-2-0-0.pdf):
>
> In our quest for comprehensiveness, we have chosen to present all the basic elements of cryptography needed to understand the complexities of Monero, and their mathematical antecedents. In
> Chapter 2 we **develop** essential aspects of elliptic curve cryptography.
>
>
>
I have found that *develop* can mean [*to discover, find out; to uncover.*](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/develop#Verb) Is it the intended meaning? If so are there any other resources that would corroborate such meaning of *develop*?
I cannot help thinking about rewriting this sentence with another word, such as **cover** or **discover**, like so:
>
> In our quest for comprehensiveness, we have chosen to present all the basic elements of cryptography needed to understand the complexities of Monero, and their mathematical antecedents. In
> Chapter 2 we **cover** essential aspects of elliptic curve cryptography.
>
>
> | 2021/09/27 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/575680",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/349354/"
] | Speculation, as I've not found text evidence of this link, but I think you've overlooked the obvious. Similar to a "herdbook" (cattle), "studbook" (horses) or "flockbook" (sheep), a "pigbook" is nothing more or less than a book full of pictures of pigs. See, for example, this modern version: [A very handsome pig](http://akkps.pedigree-db.com/pedigree.cgi?horse=14287&PhotosOnly=1&Page=1&Sort=0)
Some wit noted the similarity between this agricultural publication and the student directory and applied it. | When I was a freshman at Cornell in 1961, the slang term "pig" was clearly understood to mean "unattractive female." Although it's conceivable that the "pig" in "Pigbook" could originally have been a corruption of "pic," it was universally understood at the time that the joke behind the name "Pigbook" was that it had pictures of unattractive people, especially women. Not that there were that many women... there were three or four men for each woman at Cornell then. |
575,680 | The quote in question comes from [the Introduction, page 12, to this book](https://www.getmonero.org/library/Zero-to-Monero-2-0-0.pdf):
>
> In our quest for comprehensiveness, we have chosen to present all the basic elements of cryptography needed to understand the complexities of Monero, and their mathematical antecedents. In
> Chapter 2 we **develop** essential aspects of elliptic curve cryptography.
>
>
>
I have found that *develop* can mean [*to discover, find out; to uncover.*](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/develop#Verb) Is it the intended meaning? If so are there any other resources that would corroborate such meaning of *develop*?
I cannot help thinking about rewriting this sentence with another word, such as **cover** or **discover**, like so:
>
> In our quest for comprehensiveness, we have chosen to present all the basic elements of cryptography needed to understand the complexities of Monero, and their mathematical antecedents. In
> Chapter 2 we **cover** essential aspects of elliptic curve cryptography.
>
>
> | 2021/09/27 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/575680",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/349354/"
] | Here is a lead, from **35 Slang Terms from the Victorian Era That Are Real Humdingers** at <https://dustyoldthing.com/35-victorian-slang-terms/>
>
> Keep a pig: a college term meaning to let a room to a freshman (new
> students were often called pigs)
>
>
>
Here is a similar reference to the term
>
> Keep a Pig: An Oxford University phrase, which means to have a lodger.
> A man whose rooms contain two bedchambers has sometimes, when his
> college is full, to allow the use of one of them to a freshman, who is
> called under these circumstances a pig. The original occupier is then
> said to “keep a pig.”
>
>
>
from <https://www.artofmanliness.com/character/knowledge-of-men/manly-slang-from-the-19th-century/>
Here is another interesting definition of pig that seems to fit:
>
> Pigs (Trin. Col., Cambridge, 19 cent.). Name given by the men of
> Trinity to their neighbours of St John's.
>
>
>
<https://archive.org/details/passingenglishof00wareuoft/page/196/mode/1up> page 196
Conjecturally, it could have originated as a reference to a book of photos of freshmen college students in general.
**ADDENDUM**
As I have mentioned in my comments elsewhere, it should not be surprising that the first references to a 'pig book' being a book of photos of freshmen was in the early 60's. It was not until 1957, and the invention of the Vanguard Offset Printing Press, that producing such a book was economically viable. One would, therefore, not expect a reference to such a book before it's first production.
Secondly, there would not be a necessity for such a book to be published, before the explosion of undergrad enrolment in the 60's. The freshman class size would be such that they would not need a 'directory' to identify them. However, after the explosion of undergrad enrollment in the '90s and after, producing and distribution of such a book would once again become uneconomical, with first year enrolment being in the thousands.
Thirdly, it must be remembered that in the 50's and early 60's, the majority of University students would have been males. Any reference to the necessity to print a directory to identify potential female freshmen would be moot. There would be very few of them. Such a book would serve no purpose. Thus any reference to the more contemporary use of 'pigs' as a derogatory term towards females or female-seeking males would be historically inappropriate. I posit the initial purpose of such a book would be to identify freshmen, without distinction of them being male or female, in an exponentially increasing student body.
It seems much more likely that the historical association of 'pigs' to a 'freshman' seems more likely, as a 'pig book' being 'a book of photos of freshmen'. | After I was issued "1985 Class Directory" upon entering Duke University in 1981, fellow students told me that the publication's nickname was the "pig book" and that this name derived from "pic book", i.e., "picture book". I was told that it was valued by sophomore, junior, and senior men who wanted to check out the new women on campus. |
575,680 | The quote in question comes from [the Introduction, page 12, to this book](https://www.getmonero.org/library/Zero-to-Monero-2-0-0.pdf):
>
> In our quest for comprehensiveness, we have chosen to present all the basic elements of cryptography needed to understand the complexities of Monero, and their mathematical antecedents. In
> Chapter 2 we **develop** essential aspects of elliptic curve cryptography.
>
>
>
I have found that *develop* can mean [*to discover, find out; to uncover.*](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/develop#Verb) Is it the intended meaning? If so are there any other resources that would corroborate such meaning of *develop*?
I cannot help thinking about rewriting this sentence with another word, such as **cover** or **discover**, like so:
>
> In our quest for comprehensiveness, we have chosen to present all the basic elements of cryptography needed to understand the complexities of Monero, and their mathematical antecedents. In
> Chapter 2 we **cover** essential aspects of elliptic curve cryptography.
>
>
> | 2021/09/27 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/575680",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/349354/"
] | After I was issued "1985 Class Directory" upon entering Duke University in 1981, fellow students told me that the publication's nickname was the "pig book" and that this name derived from "pic book", i.e., "picture book". I was told that it was valued by sophomore, junior, and senior men who wanted to check out the new women on campus. | When I was a freshman at Cornell in 1961, the slang term "pig" was clearly understood to mean "unattractive female." Although it's conceivable that the "pig" in "Pigbook" could originally have been a corruption of "pic," it was universally understood at the time that the joke behind the name "Pigbook" was that it had pictures of unattractive people, especially women. Not that there were that many women... there were three or four men for each woman at Cornell then. |
575,680 | The quote in question comes from [the Introduction, page 12, to this book](https://www.getmonero.org/library/Zero-to-Monero-2-0-0.pdf):
>
> In our quest for comprehensiveness, we have chosen to present all the basic elements of cryptography needed to understand the complexities of Monero, and their mathematical antecedents. In
> Chapter 2 we **develop** essential aspects of elliptic curve cryptography.
>
>
>
I have found that *develop* can mean [*to discover, find out; to uncover.*](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/develop#Verb) Is it the intended meaning? If so are there any other resources that would corroborate such meaning of *develop*?
I cannot help thinking about rewriting this sentence with another word, such as **cover** or **discover**, like so:
>
> In our quest for comprehensiveness, we have chosen to present all the basic elements of cryptography needed to understand the complexities of Monero, and their mathematical antecedents. In
> Chapter 2 we **cover** essential aspects of elliptic curve cryptography.
>
>
> | 2021/09/27 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/575680",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/349354/"
] | Here is a lead, from **35 Slang Terms from the Victorian Era That Are Real Humdingers** at <https://dustyoldthing.com/35-victorian-slang-terms/>
>
> Keep a pig: a college term meaning to let a room to a freshman (new
> students were often called pigs)
>
>
>
Here is a similar reference to the term
>
> Keep a Pig: An Oxford University phrase, which means to have a lodger.
> A man whose rooms contain two bedchambers has sometimes, when his
> college is full, to allow the use of one of them to a freshman, who is
> called under these circumstances a pig. The original occupier is then
> said to “keep a pig.”
>
>
>
from <https://www.artofmanliness.com/character/knowledge-of-men/manly-slang-from-the-19th-century/>
Here is another interesting definition of pig that seems to fit:
>
> Pigs (Trin. Col., Cambridge, 19 cent.). Name given by the men of
> Trinity to their neighbours of St John's.
>
>
>
<https://archive.org/details/passingenglishof00wareuoft/page/196/mode/1up> page 196
Conjecturally, it could have originated as a reference to a book of photos of freshmen college students in general.
**ADDENDUM**
As I have mentioned in my comments elsewhere, it should not be surprising that the first references to a 'pig book' being a book of photos of freshmen was in the early 60's. It was not until 1957, and the invention of the Vanguard Offset Printing Press, that producing such a book was economically viable. One would, therefore, not expect a reference to such a book before it's first production.
Secondly, there would not be a necessity for such a book to be published, before the explosion of undergrad enrolment in the 60's. The freshman class size would be such that they would not need a 'directory' to identify them. However, after the explosion of undergrad enrollment in the '90s and after, producing and distribution of such a book would once again become uneconomical, with first year enrolment being in the thousands.
Thirdly, it must be remembered that in the 50's and early 60's, the majority of University students would have been males. Any reference to the necessity to print a directory to identify potential female freshmen would be moot. There would be very few of them. Such a book would serve no purpose. Thus any reference to the more contemporary use of 'pigs' as a derogatory term towards females or female-seeking males would be historically inappropriate. I posit the initial purpose of such a book would be to identify freshmen, without distinction of them being male or female, in an exponentially increasing student body.
It seems much more likely that the historical association of 'pigs' to a 'freshman' seems more likely, as a 'pig book' being 'a book of photos of freshmen'. | When I was a freshman at Cornell in 1961, the slang term "pig" was clearly understood to mean "unattractive female." Although it's conceivable that the "pig" in "Pigbook" could originally have been a corruption of "pic," it was universally understood at the time that the joke behind the name "Pigbook" was that it had pictures of unattractive people, especially women. Not that there were that many women... there were three or four men for each woman at Cornell then. |
33,374 | When I was in San Diego, I asked to a girl "how can I get to the freeway?" She answered me, "Go straight on, you can't **fuck it up**." What does it mean? Is this a usable phrase or it is too vulgar? Is this american slang? | 2011/07/08 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/33374",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/10788/"
] | It means you can't get it wrong; it's idiot-proof.
This is coarse slang not suitable for formal or sensitive settings. A polite alternative is "you can't go wrong". | >
> **fuck something up** (or **fuck up**): do something badly or ineptly.
>
>
>
It's vulgar slang, but not particularly an Americanism. It is synonymous to “screw something up”. In your particular case, you can't fail to find the freeway. |
33,374 | When I was in San Diego, I asked to a girl "how can I get to the freeway?" She answered me, "Go straight on, you can't **fuck it up**." What does it mean? Is this a usable phrase or it is too vulgar? Is this american slang? | 2011/07/08 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/33374",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/10788/"
] | She meant that her directions were so simple you couldn't misunderstand them. To fuck something up means to get it very badly wrong (see [FUBAR](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FUBAR)).
It's definitely not for use in formal situations, or for use around those with sensitive ears.
It's also not exclusively an Americanism, as I've heard it used in the UK and other English language countries, although I couldn't speculate as to the origin. | It means you can't get it wrong; it's idiot-proof.
This is coarse slang not suitable for formal or sensitive settings. A polite alternative is "you can't go wrong". |
33,374 | When I was in San Diego, I asked to a girl "how can I get to the freeway?" She answered me, "Go straight on, you can't **fuck it up**." What does it mean? Is this a usable phrase or it is too vulgar? Is this american slang? | 2011/07/08 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/33374",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/10788/"
] | She meant that her directions were so simple you couldn't misunderstand them. To fuck something up means to get it very badly wrong (see [FUBAR](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FUBAR)).
It's definitely not for use in formal situations, or for use around those with sensitive ears.
It's also not exclusively an Americanism, as I've heard it used in the UK and other English language countries, although I couldn't speculate as to the origin. | >
> **fuck something up** (or **fuck up**): do something badly or ineptly.
>
>
>
It's vulgar slang, but not particularly an Americanism. It is synonymous to “screw something up”. In your particular case, you can't fail to find the freeway. |
375,319 | I have a network with a router and a switch. At first my ISP's optical fiber is connected with media converter input port. Than Ethernet cable (output port of Media converter) is connected with the switch. Then an output Ethernet cable is connected with our inner Microtik router. Then this router is connected with another LAN switch. From this switch we have got every connection other switch. It is our total network structure.
Our bandwidth is 2 Mbps. From the 11th of March our MRTG graph shows high all the time even when my all switch is switched off except LAN switch. That's why our line is breaking up (Voice call).
How could be it possible? My all PC's bandwidth is limited but when connected PC with media converter directly then the graph shows normal. That's why I can't blame my ISP. | 2012/03/30 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/375319",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/115938/"
] | Check the speed and duplex of all connections. Where possible, set the speed and duplex manually. While Auto/Auto should work in most cases, I have seem many cases where it does not. Some vendors even specify what shold be used. Our ISP insists on a specific speed and duplex as does our WAN accelerator vendor. | I think you should check :
1. Speed between 2 devices between the switch when you transfer files between them (that way you can see if the issue it's at the switch.
2. If the speed is the same (2mbs) then check the router configuration if it limits the port speed .
3. If you observe no real speed improvement then check cables connectors because somewhere you have a bottleneck . |
375,319 | I have a network with a router and a switch. At first my ISP's optical fiber is connected with media converter input port. Than Ethernet cable (output port of Media converter) is connected with the switch. Then an output Ethernet cable is connected with our inner Microtik router. Then this router is connected with another LAN switch. From this switch we have got every connection other switch. It is our total network structure.
Our bandwidth is 2 Mbps. From the 11th of March our MRTG graph shows high all the time even when my all switch is switched off except LAN switch. That's why our line is breaking up (Voice call).
How could be it possible? My all PC's bandwidth is limited but when connected PC with media converter directly then the graph shows normal. That's why I can't blame my ISP. | 2012/03/30 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/375319",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/115938/"
] | Check the speed and duplex of all connections. Where possible, set the speed and duplex manually. While Auto/Auto should work in most cases, I have seem many cases where it does not. Some vendors even specify what shold be used. Our ISP insists on a specific speed and duplex as does our WAN accelerator vendor. | The short answer to your question is "yes". The most common way would be if one of its ports is connected to another one of its ports (either directly or through another switch) and spanning tree is not enabled. Under those conditions, it can receive a single packet and repeat it out all of its ports hundreds of times. |
114 | I am trying to find a good cross-platform photograph retouching tool that's not as powerful, expensive and complicated as Photoshop. It doesn't have to be free, but over 100€ starts to hurt too much.
Useful - kind of "must" - features include
* White balance picker
* Brightness and contrast control
* Good crop tool
* Clarity, vibrancy and saturation
* Noise reduction
* Presets for different settings
Things like cataloging, slideshows and lens profile corrections are entirely optional - something simple is preferred. As this is for editing *photographs*, vector support is obviously not needed. | 2014/02/04 | [
"https://softwarerecs.stackexchange.com/questions/114",
"https://softwarerecs.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwarerecs.stackexchange.com/users/130/"
] | [GIMP](http://www.gimp.org/) is awesome
---------------------------------------
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/lH2mc.png)
* It's free. Yay!
* It's 100% cross-platform - I've used it on OS X, Windows, and Ubuntu
* It's not as powerful, expensive and complicated as Photoshop
* Layers are in that screen shot
* [It has white balance](http://docs.gimp.org/en/gimp-layer-white-balance.html)
* [It has brightness and contrast](http://docs.gimp.org/en/gimp-tool-brightness-contrast.html)
* [It has cropping functionality](http://docs.gimp.org/en/gimp-tutorial-quickie-crop.html)
* [Guassian blur kills noise](http://www.gimp.org/tutorials/Selective_Gaussian_Blur/)
* It has settings, but I'm not sure what you mean.
Overall, I love GIMP. It's been the only photo editing program I've used for years (because I can't afford PS). | [Pinta](http://pinta-project.com/) may do what you want. It was last released September 27, 2012, which is okay (but not great) for an open source project, and it isn't stale enough to suggest that it's completely abandoned. It is supposed to be a virtual clone of Paint.NET.
It seems to have a very good crop tool and layer support, saturation, brightness, etc. so it may be up your alley. I can't speak to its bugginess or reliability on any particular platform; you'll have to try it. It's FOSS, so you have nothing to lose. |
125,870 | I would like to use a wizard as the enemy. I've done that before but this time is different: his class level will be above the group's level. As with any other wizard in the world he has to use a spellbook.
This spellbook is my problem because *in this specific case* I don't want it to be part of the reward. This wizard's spells list will be significantly different from the party's wizard. I usually let him learn some spells this way but in this case it would be too much.
This wizard knows the party and seeks revenge on them so it makes perfect sense that he has prepared things to avoid his spellbook falling into their hands if his plan fails.
How can my NPC wizard ensure that his spellbook is destroyed when he dies?
Note:
I plan to use a 10th level wizard with access to 5th level spells but he is part of an organization that can have access to almost any resource.
As for my game sources I use the 3 core rulebooks, Volo's Guide, Xanathar's Guide and Mordenkainen's Tome. | 2018/07/07 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/125870",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/27163/"
] | *Glyph of warding*
==================
A [*glyph of warding*](https://www.dndbeyond.com/spells/glyph-of-warding) placed on an object can hold a spell. A fireball will burn up a flammable object, such as a spellbook, in its area of effect. The PCs could theoretically defeat the glyph by dispelling it, and they might be able to detect it with an Investigation check, as described in the *glyph of warding* spell description. Compared to [*contingency*](https://www.dndbeyond.com/spells/contingency), this has the advantage of not taking up the wizard's single *contingency* option. It has the disadvantage of requiring the warded object to remain in one location, but that might not be a problem for this wizard.
*Leomund's secret chest*
========================
A wizard doesn't need his spellbook to cast spells, only to change the ones he has prepared (or cast rituals). A wizard can safely store his spellbook, or a variety of other valuable items, on the Ethereal Plane using [*Leomund's secret chest*](https://www.dndbeyond.com/spells/secret-chest). Only the wizard who owns the chest can find it, so this is reasonably secure. If he dies, the chest and its contents aren't technically destroyed, but they're going to be awfully hard to track down.
*Drawmij's instant summons*
===========================
A similar effect can be achieved with [*Drawmij's instant summons*](https://www.dndbeyond.com/spells/instant-summons), which allows for faster recall, but with a higher cost and less overall convenience. Since only the wizard who cast the spell can use the key, if the wizard dies, the protected item remains hidden (say, buried under a few hundred tons of granite).
A semi-mundane device
=====================
Some wizards might find it amusing to protect their spellbook with some sort of mechanical trap in their lair. Suppose a clockwork mechanism triggers a mechanical shredder that will destroy the spellbook if it's not wound every day - and the entire apparatus is thoroughly hidden (possibly accessible only via magical means of some sort). The wizard who inhabits the lair can easily wind the clockwork, but by the time any invader figures out what they need to do, it would be too late.
"A wizard did it"
=================
Since the wizard in question has unusual spells, he could presumably have a spell designed just for this purpose. Your creativity is the limit, but what comes to mind is hiding the master copy of the spellbook in a place where only the owner knows where it is, and then having a spell to summon an illusory copy on demand. | Low tech: keep the spellbook with the organization
--------------------------------------------------
As [Zorsai said](https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/125870/how-to-destroy-a-spellbook-when-the-wizard-dies/125873#125873), a wizard has the spells that they use *prepared*. Unless he wants to cast rituals or change his prepared spells, he needs no access to that book, and does not need to schlep it around. He also could use a traveling spellbook that contains a much smaller selection of spells and rituals.
It the party kills him, and he does not have his main book on his person or in his hideout, they will have a much harder time gettig hold of it.
An organization that "can have access to almost any resource" also sounds a lot more powerful than a mere 10th level wizard. He can leave it back savely with this organization, and visit them from time to time when he needs access. For a 10th level wizard, Teleportation Circle would provide a non-tracable way to do so at moderate expense. He also could give them instructions that the book be destroyed when they learn about his unfortunate demise. For example, he can have *Sending* prepared, and if he doesn't call in for the day, they know he is done for.
If I were the wizard and my organization was able to provide access to "almost any resource", I might prefer to receive a Clone instead, and pick up where I dropped for *real* revenge. |
125,870 | I would like to use a wizard as the enemy. I've done that before but this time is different: his class level will be above the group's level. As with any other wizard in the world he has to use a spellbook.
This spellbook is my problem because *in this specific case* I don't want it to be part of the reward. This wizard's spells list will be significantly different from the party's wizard. I usually let him learn some spells this way but in this case it would be too much.
This wizard knows the party and seeks revenge on them so it makes perfect sense that he has prepared things to avoid his spellbook falling into their hands if his plan fails.
How can my NPC wizard ensure that his spellbook is destroyed when he dies?
Note:
I plan to use a 10th level wizard with access to 5th level spells but he is part of an organization that can have access to almost any resource.
As for my game sources I use the 3 core rulebooks, Volo's Guide, Xanathar's Guide and Mordenkainen's Tome. | 2018/07/07 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/125870",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/27163/"
] | ### The NPC Wizard need not have a spell book; use a Volo's Guide NPC
Using either the Conjurer (p. 212), the Enchanter (p. 213), or the Transmuter (p. 218) spell casting NPC, each of whom can cast 5th level spells you have a ready made wizard-like opponent already built.
If you look at the NPC description, these NPCs are not equipped with a spell book. They have spellcasting as an NPC/Monster feature, have spells known/prepared (MM, p. 10), and behave much as a PC wizard does but are not in fact wizard PCs and could be treated some ways (mechanically) as Sorcerers. They have a default set of spells prepared (like a Sorcerer does) but you can adjust them to get the caster to be set up just the way you need them to be (MM, p. 10). This also allows you to tailor their spells to contrast to what your party's wizard has available.
For another example, albeit at higher level, see the Archmage NPC in the MM.
It's not the only way to solve this problem, but they are premade for the kind of challenge you are preparing. Since you have Volo's Guide, I figured I'd point you to a resource that you use at your table, and that you have already bought and paid for. 8^)
Notes:
1. **Tweaking the Challenge Rating**. If you feel that those aren't hard enough NPC opponents, you could raise the CR a bit and have them deal with an Evoker, who can cast up to 6th level spells. (p. 214) To keep it "5th level spells" as a limit you can have the Evoker upcast lower level spells with a 6th level slot ... but that's perhaps more fiddly than you want to get for this challenge / encounter.
2. **Players can surprise you**. A second advantage of this approach is that if your party chooses to capture, rather than kill, this wizard there still isn't a spell book for them to loot (if that remains a key element of your intention for this encounter).
3. **Treasure Tweaking**. You can still leave a scroll or two as loot for
the party's wizard to benefit from without there being an entire spellbook
to copy spells from as a reward from this encounter. | You cannot do this
==================
If the Wizard has a spellbook, there is no sequence of protections you can place upon that spellbook that will *definitely* render it unavailable to the party wizard without it also being unavailable to the NPC wizard pre-death.
You cannot with 100% certainty, barring outright cheating, prevent the party from just tailing the wizard to the spellbook beforehand, or using social skills and disguises to gain access, or any number of other ways of bypassing whatever protections you give the book. There is no protection that doesn't have a way around it, and so it is always possible, however unlikely, that the PC wizard ends up with the book intact or you reveal the railroading as obviously unavoidable. If you can't deal with the PCs somehow gaining access to something, you need to not put it in your game or be willing to own up to the fact that the reason they can't have the thing is GM fiat.
That's not to say you can't have an NPC spellcaster casting 5th level spells without including a spellbook, of course. But if you put a spellbook into the game you either have to accept the PCs may find a way to keep it or else just tell them "You can't have the spellbook because that would be too good so we have to come up with some excuse as to why that doesn't work". |
125,870 | I would like to use a wizard as the enemy. I've done that before but this time is different: his class level will be above the group's level. As with any other wizard in the world he has to use a spellbook.
This spellbook is my problem because *in this specific case* I don't want it to be part of the reward. This wizard's spells list will be significantly different from the party's wizard. I usually let him learn some spells this way but in this case it would be too much.
This wizard knows the party and seeks revenge on them so it makes perfect sense that he has prepared things to avoid his spellbook falling into their hands if his plan fails.
How can my NPC wizard ensure that his spellbook is destroyed when he dies?
Note:
I plan to use a 10th level wizard with access to 5th level spells but he is part of an organization that can have access to almost any resource.
As for my game sources I use the 3 core rulebooks, Volo's Guide, Xanathar's Guide and Mordenkainen's Tome. | 2018/07/07 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/125870",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/27163/"
] | **Don't worry, use your imagination**.
**A wizard doesn't need his spellbook to use spells**, just to preparate them daily, if you wanted you could actually tell the party he hasn't the spellbook with himself. Maybe he has it in a secret place, maybe it is guarded in another plane only accessible by the enemy wizard. It's up to your imagination. Also, you can put a false spell in a false spellbook, something like "Anyone who reads this suffers a Disintegrate", maybe written upside down, it's a funny way to troll players (maybe while they hear a last laugh of the dead wizard pre-recorded and activated with the disintegrate).
If you don't want to hide the spellbook, you always make it to be in a sort of code only known by the wizard.
Note: As said before, the "Anyone who reads this suffers a Disintegrate" was just an example, you can use the spell you like the most. | Low tech: keep the spellbook with the organization
--------------------------------------------------
As [Zorsai said](https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/125870/how-to-destroy-a-spellbook-when-the-wizard-dies/125873#125873), a wizard has the spells that they use *prepared*. Unless he wants to cast rituals or change his prepared spells, he needs no access to that book, and does not need to schlep it around. He also could use a traveling spellbook that contains a much smaller selection of spells and rituals.
It the party kills him, and he does not have his main book on his person or in his hideout, they will have a much harder time gettig hold of it.
An organization that "can have access to almost any resource" also sounds a lot more powerful than a mere 10th level wizard. He can leave it back savely with this organization, and visit them from time to time when he needs access. For a 10th level wizard, Teleportation Circle would provide a non-tracable way to do so at moderate expense. He also could give them instructions that the book be destroyed when they learn about his unfortunate demise. For example, he can have *Sending* prepared, and if he doesn't call in for the day, they know he is done for.
If I were the wizard and my organization was able to provide access to "almost any resource", I might prefer to receive a Clone instead, and pick up where I dropped for *real* revenge. |
125,870 | I would like to use a wizard as the enemy. I've done that before but this time is different: his class level will be above the group's level. As with any other wizard in the world he has to use a spellbook.
This spellbook is my problem because *in this specific case* I don't want it to be part of the reward. This wizard's spells list will be significantly different from the party's wizard. I usually let him learn some spells this way but in this case it would be too much.
This wizard knows the party and seeks revenge on them so it makes perfect sense that he has prepared things to avoid his spellbook falling into their hands if his plan fails.
How can my NPC wizard ensure that his spellbook is destroyed when he dies?
Note:
I plan to use a 10th level wizard with access to 5th level spells but he is part of an organization that can have access to almost any resource.
As for my game sources I use the 3 core rulebooks, Volo's Guide, Xanathar's Guide and Mordenkainen's Tome. | 2018/07/07 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/125870",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/27163/"
] | Thanks to the resources of his organization, this wizard has a contingent *fireball* cast upon the spellbook. (This makes use of the 6th level *contingency* spell). The *contingency* spell is keyed to go off upon his untimely death. (The *fireball* can be cast at 3rd, 4th, or 5th level and still be used with the *contingency* spell).
>
> The fire ... ignites flammable objects in the area that aren't being worn or carried.
>
>
>
The result utterly destroys the tome and provides a 'last laugh' from the fallen mage.
Spell references:
[*Fireball*](https://www.dndbeyond.com/spells/fireball) (PHB p. 241-242)
[*Contingency*](https://www.dndbeyond.com/spells/contingency) (PHB p. 227) | Low tech: keep the spellbook with the organization
--------------------------------------------------
As [Zorsai said](https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/125870/how-to-destroy-a-spellbook-when-the-wizard-dies/125873#125873), a wizard has the spells that they use *prepared*. Unless he wants to cast rituals or change his prepared spells, he needs no access to that book, and does not need to schlep it around. He also could use a traveling spellbook that contains a much smaller selection of spells and rituals.
It the party kills him, and he does not have his main book on his person or in his hideout, they will have a much harder time gettig hold of it.
An organization that "can have access to almost any resource" also sounds a lot more powerful than a mere 10th level wizard. He can leave it back savely with this organization, and visit them from time to time when he needs access. For a 10th level wizard, Teleportation Circle would provide a non-tracable way to do so at moderate expense. He also could give them instructions that the book be destroyed when they learn about his unfortunate demise. For example, he can have *Sending* prepared, and if he doesn't call in for the day, they know he is done for.
If I were the wizard and my organization was able to provide access to "almost any resource", I might prefer to receive a Clone instead, and pick up where I dropped for *real* revenge. |
125,870 | I would like to use a wizard as the enemy. I've done that before but this time is different: his class level will be above the group's level. As with any other wizard in the world he has to use a spellbook.
This spellbook is my problem because *in this specific case* I don't want it to be part of the reward. This wizard's spells list will be significantly different from the party's wizard. I usually let him learn some spells this way but in this case it would be too much.
This wizard knows the party and seeks revenge on them so it makes perfect sense that he has prepared things to avoid his spellbook falling into their hands if his plan fails.
How can my NPC wizard ensure that his spellbook is destroyed when he dies?
Note:
I plan to use a 10th level wizard with access to 5th level spells but he is part of an organization that can have access to almost any resource.
As for my game sources I use the 3 core rulebooks, Volo's Guide, Xanathar's Guide and Mordenkainen's Tome. | 2018/07/07 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/125870",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/27163/"
] | *Glyph of warding*
==================
A [*glyph of warding*](https://www.dndbeyond.com/spells/glyph-of-warding) placed on an object can hold a spell. A fireball will burn up a flammable object, such as a spellbook, in its area of effect. The PCs could theoretically defeat the glyph by dispelling it, and they might be able to detect it with an Investigation check, as described in the *glyph of warding* spell description. Compared to [*contingency*](https://www.dndbeyond.com/spells/contingency), this has the advantage of not taking up the wizard's single *contingency* option. It has the disadvantage of requiring the warded object to remain in one location, but that might not be a problem for this wizard.
*Leomund's secret chest*
========================
A wizard doesn't need his spellbook to cast spells, only to change the ones he has prepared (or cast rituals). A wizard can safely store his spellbook, or a variety of other valuable items, on the Ethereal Plane using [*Leomund's secret chest*](https://www.dndbeyond.com/spells/secret-chest). Only the wizard who owns the chest can find it, so this is reasonably secure. If he dies, the chest and its contents aren't technically destroyed, but they're going to be awfully hard to track down.
*Drawmij's instant summons*
===========================
A similar effect can be achieved with [*Drawmij's instant summons*](https://www.dndbeyond.com/spells/instant-summons), which allows for faster recall, but with a higher cost and less overall convenience. Since only the wizard who cast the spell can use the key, if the wizard dies, the protected item remains hidden (say, buried under a few hundred tons of granite).
A semi-mundane device
=====================
Some wizards might find it amusing to protect their spellbook with some sort of mechanical trap in their lair. Suppose a clockwork mechanism triggers a mechanical shredder that will destroy the spellbook if it's not wound every day - and the entire apparatus is thoroughly hidden (possibly accessible only via magical means of some sort). The wizard who inhabits the lair can easily wind the clockwork, but by the time any invader figures out what they need to do, it would be too late.
"A wizard did it"
=================
Since the wizard in question has unusual spells, he could presumably have a spell designed just for this purpose. Your creativity is the limit, but what comes to mind is hiding the master copy of the spellbook in a place where only the owner knows where it is, and then having a spell to summon an illusory copy on demand. | ### The NPC Wizard need not have a spell book; use a Volo's Guide NPC
Using either the Conjurer (p. 212), the Enchanter (p. 213), or the Transmuter (p. 218) spell casting NPC, each of whom can cast 5th level spells you have a ready made wizard-like opponent already built.
If you look at the NPC description, these NPCs are not equipped with a spell book. They have spellcasting as an NPC/Monster feature, have spells known/prepared (MM, p. 10), and behave much as a PC wizard does but are not in fact wizard PCs and could be treated some ways (mechanically) as Sorcerers. They have a default set of spells prepared (like a Sorcerer does) but you can adjust them to get the caster to be set up just the way you need them to be (MM, p. 10). This also allows you to tailor their spells to contrast to what your party's wizard has available.
For another example, albeit at higher level, see the Archmage NPC in the MM.
It's not the only way to solve this problem, but they are premade for the kind of challenge you are preparing. Since you have Volo's Guide, I figured I'd point you to a resource that you use at your table, and that you have already bought and paid for. 8^)
Notes:
1. **Tweaking the Challenge Rating**. If you feel that those aren't hard enough NPC opponents, you could raise the CR a bit and have them deal with an Evoker, who can cast up to 6th level spells. (p. 214) To keep it "5th level spells" as a limit you can have the Evoker upcast lower level spells with a 6th level slot ... but that's perhaps more fiddly than you want to get for this challenge / encounter.
2. **Players can surprise you**. A second advantage of this approach is that if your party chooses to capture, rather than kill, this wizard there still isn't a spell book for them to loot (if that remains a key element of your intention for this encounter).
3. **Treasure Tweaking**. You can still leave a scroll or two as loot for
the party's wizard to benefit from without there being an entire spellbook
to copy spells from as a reward from this encounter. |
125,870 | I would like to use a wizard as the enemy. I've done that before but this time is different: his class level will be above the group's level. As with any other wizard in the world he has to use a spellbook.
This spellbook is my problem because *in this specific case* I don't want it to be part of the reward. This wizard's spells list will be significantly different from the party's wizard. I usually let him learn some spells this way but in this case it would be too much.
This wizard knows the party and seeks revenge on them so it makes perfect sense that he has prepared things to avoid his spellbook falling into their hands if his plan fails.
How can my NPC wizard ensure that his spellbook is destroyed when he dies?
Note:
I plan to use a 10th level wizard with access to 5th level spells but he is part of an organization that can have access to almost any resource.
As for my game sources I use the 3 core rulebooks, Volo's Guide, Xanathar's Guide and Mordenkainen's Tome. | 2018/07/07 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/125870",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/27163/"
] | Write the spellbook in code
---------------------------
The wizard uses a personal cipher when recording spells in his spellbook, and the players have no way of translating it. Comprehend languages [doesn't translate codes](https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/115608/does-comprehend-languages-allow-one-to-understand-thieves-cant), and the wizard didn't teach his cipher to anyone. | You cannot do this
==================
If the Wizard has a spellbook, there is no sequence of protections you can place upon that spellbook that will *definitely* render it unavailable to the party wizard without it also being unavailable to the NPC wizard pre-death.
You cannot with 100% certainty, barring outright cheating, prevent the party from just tailing the wizard to the spellbook beforehand, or using social skills and disguises to gain access, or any number of other ways of bypassing whatever protections you give the book. There is no protection that doesn't have a way around it, and so it is always possible, however unlikely, that the PC wizard ends up with the book intact or you reveal the railroading as obviously unavoidable. If you can't deal with the PCs somehow gaining access to something, you need to not put it in your game or be willing to own up to the fact that the reason they can't have the thing is GM fiat.
That's not to say you can't have an NPC spellcaster casting 5th level spells without including a spellbook, of course. But if you put a spellbook into the game you either have to accept the PCs may find a way to keep it or else just tell them "You can't have the spellbook because that would be too good so we have to come up with some excuse as to why that doesn't work". |
125,870 | I would like to use a wizard as the enemy. I've done that before but this time is different: his class level will be above the group's level. As with any other wizard in the world he has to use a spellbook.
This spellbook is my problem because *in this specific case* I don't want it to be part of the reward. This wizard's spells list will be significantly different from the party's wizard. I usually let him learn some spells this way but in this case it would be too much.
This wizard knows the party and seeks revenge on them so it makes perfect sense that he has prepared things to avoid his spellbook falling into their hands if his plan fails.
How can my NPC wizard ensure that his spellbook is destroyed when he dies?
Note:
I plan to use a 10th level wizard with access to 5th level spells but he is part of an organization that can have access to almost any resource.
As for my game sources I use the 3 core rulebooks, Volo's Guide, Xanathar's Guide and Mordenkainen's Tome. | 2018/07/07 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/125870",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/27163/"
] | Thanks to the resources of his organization, this wizard has a contingent *fireball* cast upon the spellbook. (This makes use of the 6th level *contingency* spell). The *contingency* spell is keyed to go off upon his untimely death. (The *fireball* can be cast at 3rd, 4th, or 5th level and still be used with the *contingency* spell).
>
> The fire ... ignites flammable objects in the area that aren't being worn or carried.
>
>
>
The result utterly destroys the tome and provides a 'last laugh' from the fallen mage.
Spell references:
[*Fireball*](https://www.dndbeyond.com/spells/fireball) (PHB p. 241-242)
[*Contingency*](https://www.dndbeyond.com/spells/contingency) (PHB p. 227) | Taking the lead from a Phoenix Sorcerer [UA](https://media.wizards.com/2017/dnd/downloads/26_UASorcererUA020617s.pdf)
You could homebrew a PhoenixBorn Wizard. When he dies his body erupts in flames rendering everything to ash. This has the added benefit of being able to resurrect this wizard if you want to later. |
125,870 | I would like to use a wizard as the enemy. I've done that before but this time is different: his class level will be above the group's level. As with any other wizard in the world he has to use a spellbook.
This spellbook is my problem because *in this specific case* I don't want it to be part of the reward. This wizard's spells list will be significantly different from the party's wizard. I usually let him learn some spells this way but in this case it would be too much.
This wizard knows the party and seeks revenge on them so it makes perfect sense that he has prepared things to avoid his spellbook falling into their hands if his plan fails.
How can my NPC wizard ensure that his spellbook is destroyed when he dies?
Note:
I plan to use a 10th level wizard with access to 5th level spells but he is part of an organization that can have access to almost any resource.
As for my game sources I use the 3 core rulebooks, Volo's Guide, Xanathar's Guide and Mordenkainen's Tome. | 2018/07/07 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/125870",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/27163/"
] | *Glyph of warding*
==================
A [*glyph of warding*](https://www.dndbeyond.com/spells/glyph-of-warding) placed on an object can hold a spell. A fireball will burn up a flammable object, such as a spellbook, in its area of effect. The PCs could theoretically defeat the glyph by dispelling it, and they might be able to detect it with an Investigation check, as described in the *glyph of warding* spell description. Compared to [*contingency*](https://www.dndbeyond.com/spells/contingency), this has the advantage of not taking up the wizard's single *contingency* option. It has the disadvantage of requiring the warded object to remain in one location, but that might not be a problem for this wizard.
*Leomund's secret chest*
========================
A wizard doesn't need his spellbook to cast spells, only to change the ones he has prepared (or cast rituals). A wizard can safely store his spellbook, or a variety of other valuable items, on the Ethereal Plane using [*Leomund's secret chest*](https://www.dndbeyond.com/spells/secret-chest). Only the wizard who owns the chest can find it, so this is reasonably secure. If he dies, the chest and its contents aren't technically destroyed, but they're going to be awfully hard to track down.
*Drawmij's instant summons*
===========================
A similar effect can be achieved with [*Drawmij's instant summons*](https://www.dndbeyond.com/spells/instant-summons), which allows for faster recall, but with a higher cost and less overall convenience. Since only the wizard who cast the spell can use the key, if the wizard dies, the protected item remains hidden (say, buried under a few hundred tons of granite).
A semi-mundane device
=====================
Some wizards might find it amusing to protect their spellbook with some sort of mechanical trap in their lair. Suppose a clockwork mechanism triggers a mechanical shredder that will destroy the spellbook if it's not wound every day - and the entire apparatus is thoroughly hidden (possibly accessible only via magical means of some sort). The wizard who inhabits the lair can easily wind the clockwork, but by the time any invader figures out what they need to do, it would be too late.
"A wizard did it"
=================
Since the wizard in question has unusual spells, he could presumably have a spell designed just for this purpose. Your creativity is the limit, but what comes to mind is hiding the master copy of the spellbook in a place where only the owner knows where it is, and then having a spell to summon an illusory copy on demand. | Taking the lead from a Phoenix Sorcerer [UA](https://media.wizards.com/2017/dnd/downloads/26_UASorcererUA020617s.pdf)
You could homebrew a PhoenixBorn Wizard. When he dies his body erupts in flames rendering everything to ash. This has the added benefit of being able to resurrect this wizard if you want to later. |
125,870 | I would like to use a wizard as the enemy. I've done that before but this time is different: his class level will be above the group's level. As with any other wizard in the world he has to use a spellbook.
This spellbook is my problem because *in this specific case* I don't want it to be part of the reward. This wizard's spells list will be significantly different from the party's wizard. I usually let him learn some spells this way but in this case it would be too much.
This wizard knows the party and seeks revenge on them so it makes perfect sense that he has prepared things to avoid his spellbook falling into their hands if his plan fails.
How can my NPC wizard ensure that his spellbook is destroyed when he dies?
Note:
I plan to use a 10th level wizard with access to 5th level spells but he is part of an organization that can have access to almost any resource.
As for my game sources I use the 3 core rulebooks, Volo's Guide, Xanathar's Guide and Mordenkainen's Tome. | 2018/07/07 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/125870",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/27163/"
] | Low tech: keep the spellbook with the organization
--------------------------------------------------
As [Zorsai said](https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/125870/how-to-destroy-a-spellbook-when-the-wizard-dies/125873#125873), a wizard has the spells that they use *prepared*. Unless he wants to cast rituals or change his prepared spells, he needs no access to that book, and does not need to schlep it around. He also could use a traveling spellbook that contains a much smaller selection of spells and rituals.
It the party kills him, and he does not have his main book on his person or in his hideout, they will have a much harder time gettig hold of it.
An organization that "can have access to almost any resource" also sounds a lot more powerful than a mere 10th level wizard. He can leave it back savely with this organization, and visit them from time to time when he needs access. For a 10th level wizard, Teleportation Circle would provide a non-tracable way to do so at moderate expense. He also could give them instructions that the book be destroyed when they learn about his unfortunate demise. For example, he can have *Sending* prepared, and if he doesn't call in for the day, they know he is done for.
If I were the wizard and my organization was able to provide access to "almost any resource", I might prefer to receive a Clone instead, and pick up where I dropped for *real* revenge. | You cannot do this
==================
If the Wizard has a spellbook, there is no sequence of protections you can place upon that spellbook that will *definitely* render it unavailable to the party wizard without it also being unavailable to the NPC wizard pre-death.
You cannot with 100% certainty, barring outright cheating, prevent the party from just tailing the wizard to the spellbook beforehand, or using social skills and disguises to gain access, or any number of other ways of bypassing whatever protections you give the book. There is no protection that doesn't have a way around it, and so it is always possible, however unlikely, that the PC wizard ends up with the book intact or you reveal the railroading as obviously unavoidable. If you can't deal with the PCs somehow gaining access to something, you need to not put it in your game or be willing to own up to the fact that the reason they can't have the thing is GM fiat.
That's not to say you can't have an NPC spellcaster casting 5th level spells without including a spellbook, of course. But if you put a spellbook into the game you either have to accept the PCs may find a way to keep it or else just tell them "You can't have the spellbook because that would be too good so we have to come up with some excuse as to why that doesn't work". |
125,870 | I would like to use a wizard as the enemy. I've done that before but this time is different: his class level will be above the group's level. As with any other wizard in the world he has to use a spellbook.
This spellbook is my problem because *in this specific case* I don't want it to be part of the reward. This wizard's spells list will be significantly different from the party's wizard. I usually let him learn some spells this way but in this case it would be too much.
This wizard knows the party and seeks revenge on them so it makes perfect sense that he has prepared things to avoid his spellbook falling into their hands if his plan fails.
How can my NPC wizard ensure that his spellbook is destroyed when he dies?
Note:
I plan to use a 10th level wizard with access to 5th level spells but he is part of an organization that can have access to almost any resource.
As for my game sources I use the 3 core rulebooks, Volo's Guide, Xanathar's Guide and Mordenkainen's Tome. | 2018/07/07 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/125870",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/27163/"
] | *Glyph of warding*
==================
A [*glyph of warding*](https://www.dndbeyond.com/spells/glyph-of-warding) placed on an object can hold a spell. A fireball will burn up a flammable object, such as a spellbook, in its area of effect. The PCs could theoretically defeat the glyph by dispelling it, and they might be able to detect it with an Investigation check, as described in the *glyph of warding* spell description. Compared to [*contingency*](https://www.dndbeyond.com/spells/contingency), this has the advantage of not taking up the wizard's single *contingency* option. It has the disadvantage of requiring the warded object to remain in one location, but that might not be a problem for this wizard.
*Leomund's secret chest*
========================
A wizard doesn't need his spellbook to cast spells, only to change the ones he has prepared (or cast rituals). A wizard can safely store his spellbook, or a variety of other valuable items, on the Ethereal Plane using [*Leomund's secret chest*](https://www.dndbeyond.com/spells/secret-chest). Only the wizard who owns the chest can find it, so this is reasonably secure. If he dies, the chest and its contents aren't technically destroyed, but they're going to be awfully hard to track down.
*Drawmij's instant summons*
===========================
A similar effect can be achieved with [*Drawmij's instant summons*](https://www.dndbeyond.com/spells/instant-summons), which allows for faster recall, but with a higher cost and less overall convenience. Since only the wizard who cast the spell can use the key, if the wizard dies, the protected item remains hidden (say, buried under a few hundred tons of granite).
A semi-mundane device
=====================
Some wizards might find it amusing to protect their spellbook with some sort of mechanical trap in their lair. Suppose a clockwork mechanism triggers a mechanical shredder that will destroy the spellbook if it's not wound every day - and the entire apparatus is thoroughly hidden (possibly accessible only via magical means of some sort). The wizard who inhabits the lair can easily wind the clockwork, but by the time any invader figures out what they need to do, it would be too late.
"A wizard did it"
=================
Since the wizard in question has unusual spells, he could presumably have a spell designed just for this purpose. Your creativity is the limit, but what comes to mind is hiding the master copy of the spellbook in a place where only the owner knows where it is, and then having a spell to summon an illusory copy on demand. | The spell book could fail a saving throw versus a spell from the party (<https://adnd2e.fandom.com/wiki/DMG_Ch_6_Damaging_Equipment>). The spell book could be linked to the life force of the wizard (think horcrux from Harry Potter, just not as extreme). If the wizard is "at home" or "out for a short stroll" the spell book may not be close or obvious (the book is not typically needed to cast the spell, only to prepare it). The spell book could be locked, trapped, or warded.
You could specify the spell ingredients for the spell that you do not want the party to have even if that spell is already in the books. Wizards are able to research their own spells. Failing to find the standard fireball spell, the wizard researched a spell of the same name that used "fresh heart of tribble" as a component. The tribble hearts on the wizard decayed before the party realized what they were good for. Without knowing what a tribble is or where to find one, it may be a while before they can find more tribble hearts.
Things break. Maybe talk to your players and come to an understanding that you will give them a list of the treasure that did not break. Also consider what happens to player equipment if the player fails a saving throw or dies. Does the group want more realism or faster game play? Yes, it appears that "breaking" is not part of 5e rules, but is that part of your rules? Another option: the wizard dies, a demon/angel opens a portal and picks up the body. Any player not surprised can get one attack before the demon/angel goes back through the portal. |
651,035 | Is there a dynamic DNS service that allows you to specify the IP address to point to (instead of pointing to the IP address making the request)?
We use dynamic DNS in our mobile application development. We install a version of our app on a phone that points to a dynamic DNS address, which we can then change to point to whichever environment we want to test against without reinstalling the app.
All of the dynamic DNS services I have checked update the IP address to the IP address making the request. This works fine for servers with a public IP address. When we're working within our intranet, the IP address seen by the dynamic DNS server is not the internal IP address. We'd like to be able to define the internal IP address to the dynamic DNS address.
We'd prefer a free service, but a pay service is also acceptable. | 2013/09/27 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/651035",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/257875/"
] | If you want to have both files open at the same time in a full window:
1) Open your first file as you normally would.
2) Open Excel from the start menu.
3) Go to file, click open, and select your 2nd file.
NOTE: When you do this you cannot copy formulas from one file to the other. To do that you need to what some of the previous answers suggested. | The closest thing I can get to this is that Excel still acts like things are being shown side-by-side even when something is minimized after the box is checked. As long as that window is minimized, things like arranging the windows does not de-minimize it, and 'View Side by Side' remains checked. Is that like what's happening for you? As far a I can tell, this is intended behavior--either you can click on the minimized document to open it again, or selecting 'View Side by Side' again (twice, to turn it off and back on) should restore it.
Other than that, I've tried a number of combinations of things and cannot otherwise replicate this the way you seem to be describing it, which would be the window staying minimized the first time you click View Side by Side, with two workbooks open in the same instance. And if they're open in separate instances, View Side by Side should not be available as an option in the first place. |
651,035 | Is there a dynamic DNS service that allows you to specify the IP address to point to (instead of pointing to the IP address making the request)?
We use dynamic DNS in our mobile application development. We install a version of our app on a phone that points to a dynamic DNS address, which we can then change to point to whichever environment we want to test against without reinstalling the app.
All of the dynamic DNS services I have checked update the IP address to the IP address making the request. This works fine for servers with a public IP address. When we're working within our intranet, the IP address seen by the dynamic DNS server is not the internal IP address. We'd like to be able to define the internal IP address to the dynamic DNS address.
We'd prefer a free service, but a pay service is also acceptable. | 2013/09/27 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/651035",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/257875/"
] | I was facing the same problem i.e. when I selected "arrange all> vertical" the window of the two excel files would only maximize or "restore down" without getting arranged.
The solution to this is,
1) open the desired excel file
2) press ctrl+n ( to open new excel window)
3) go to file > open > browse the file then open the file.
Now by clicking the arrange all button and the desired arrangement, vertical, horizontal etc., the window will get arranged.. | The closest thing I can get to this is that Excel still acts like things are being shown side-by-side even when something is minimized after the box is checked. As long as that window is minimized, things like arranging the windows does not de-minimize it, and 'View Side by Side' remains checked. Is that like what's happening for you? As far a I can tell, this is intended behavior--either you can click on the minimized document to open it again, or selecting 'View Side by Side' again (twice, to turn it off and back on) should restore it.
Other than that, I've tried a number of combinations of things and cannot otherwise replicate this the way you seem to be describing it, which would be the window staying minimized the first time you click View Side by Side, with two workbooks open in the same instance. And if they're open in separate instances, View Side by Side should not be available as an option in the first place. |
651,035 | Is there a dynamic DNS service that allows you to specify the IP address to point to (instead of pointing to the IP address making the request)?
We use dynamic DNS in our mobile application development. We install a version of our app on a phone that points to a dynamic DNS address, which we can then change to point to whichever environment we want to test against without reinstalling the app.
All of the dynamic DNS services I have checked update the IP address to the IP address making the request. This works fine for servers with a public IP address. When we're working within our intranet, the IP address seen by the dynamic DNS server is not the internal IP address. We'd like to be able to define the internal IP address to the dynamic DNS address.
We'd prefer a free service, but a pay service is also acceptable. | 2013/09/27 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/651035",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/257875/"
] | Excel 2010 opens all files in the same instance, unless you wittigly open another instance of Excel.
But even if your files are open in the same Excel instance, you can view them side by side.
Just click the View ribbon and select "Arrange all" > "Vertical" > "OK" and all files that are currently open in this Excel instance will arrange in vertically aligned windows.
If you then click "View side by side" the arrangement will change to a horizontal split (thanks very much, Microsoft, that's not what we want, but anyway), and you can scroll both files simultaneously. | Unfortunately this is a feature of excel and there is no way to fix it other than some non-recommended registry hacks.
You can however create a new instance of excel (either start > All Programs > Excel or Start > Run > "excel" > OK) and then drag the file you want into the sheet. This will create a separate instance. |
651,035 | Is there a dynamic DNS service that allows you to specify the IP address to point to (instead of pointing to the IP address making the request)?
We use dynamic DNS in our mobile application development. We install a version of our app on a phone that points to a dynamic DNS address, which we can then change to point to whichever environment we want to test against without reinstalling the app.
All of the dynamic DNS services I have checked update the IP address to the IP address making the request. This works fine for servers with a public IP address. When we're working within our intranet, the IP address seen by the dynamic DNS server is not the internal IP address. We'd like to be able to define the internal IP address to the dynamic DNS address.
We'd prefer a free service, but a pay service is also acceptable. | 2013/09/27 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/651035",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/257875/"
] | I had the same problem and it was a simple fix of clicking "Reset Window Position" and it worked.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CbQvY.jpg)
**View tab -> Reset Window Position in Excel** | The closest thing I can get to this is that Excel still acts like things are being shown side-by-side even when something is minimized after the box is checked. As long as that window is minimized, things like arranging the windows does not de-minimize it, and 'View Side by Side' remains checked. Is that like what's happening for you? As far a I can tell, this is intended behavior--either you can click on the minimized document to open it again, or selecting 'View Side by Side' again (twice, to turn it off and back on) should restore it.
Other than that, I've tried a number of combinations of things and cannot otherwise replicate this the way you seem to be describing it, which would be the window staying minimized the first time you click View Side by Side, with two workbooks open in the same instance. And if they're open in separate instances, View Side by Side should not be available as an option in the first place. |
651,035 | Is there a dynamic DNS service that allows you to specify the IP address to point to (instead of pointing to the IP address making the request)?
We use dynamic DNS in our mobile application development. We install a version of our app on a phone that points to a dynamic DNS address, which we can then change to point to whichever environment we want to test against without reinstalling the app.
All of the dynamic DNS services I have checked update the IP address to the IP address making the request. This works fine for servers with a public IP address. When we're working within our intranet, the IP address seen by the dynamic DNS server is not the internal IP address. We'd like to be able to define the internal IP address to the dynamic DNS address.
We'd prefer a free service, but a pay service is also acceptable. | 2013/09/27 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/651035",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/257875/"
] | Excel 2010 opens all files in the same instance, unless you wittigly open another instance of Excel.
But even if your files are open in the same Excel instance, you can view them side by side.
Just click the View ribbon and select "Arrange all" > "Vertical" > "OK" and all files that are currently open in this Excel instance will arrange in vertically aligned windows.
If you then click "View side by side" the arrangement will change to a horizontal split (thanks very much, Microsoft, that's not what we want, but anyway), and you can scroll both files simultaneously. | If you want to have both files open at the same time in a full window:
1) Open your first file as you normally would.
2) Open Excel from the start menu.
3) Go to file, click open, and select your 2nd file.
NOTE: When you do this you cannot copy formulas from one file to the other. To do that you need to what some of the previous answers suggested. |
651,035 | Is there a dynamic DNS service that allows you to specify the IP address to point to (instead of pointing to the IP address making the request)?
We use dynamic DNS in our mobile application development. We install a version of our app on a phone that points to a dynamic DNS address, which we can then change to point to whichever environment we want to test against without reinstalling the app.
All of the dynamic DNS services I have checked update the IP address to the IP address making the request. This works fine for servers with a public IP address. When we're working within our intranet, the IP address seen by the dynamic DNS server is not the internal IP address. We'd like to be able to define the internal IP address to the dynamic DNS address.
We'd prefer a free service, but a pay service is also acceptable. | 2013/09/27 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/651035",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/257875/"
] | Excel 2010 opens all files in the same instance, unless you wittigly open another instance of Excel.
But even if your files are open in the same Excel instance, you can view them side by side.
Just click the View ribbon and select "Arrange all" > "Vertical" > "OK" and all files that are currently open in this Excel instance will arrange in vertically aligned windows.
If you then click "View side by side" the arrangement will change to a horizontal split (thanks very much, Microsoft, that's not what we want, but anyway), and you can scroll both files simultaneously. | I was facing the same problem i.e. when I selected "arrange all> vertical" the window of the two excel files would only maximize or "restore down" without getting arranged.
The solution to this is,
1) open the desired excel file
2) press ctrl+n ( to open new excel window)
3) go to file > open > browse the file then open the file.
Now by clicking the arrange all button and the desired arrangement, vertical, horizontal etc., the window will get arranged.. |
651,035 | Is there a dynamic DNS service that allows you to specify the IP address to point to (instead of pointing to the IP address making the request)?
We use dynamic DNS in our mobile application development. We install a version of our app on a phone that points to a dynamic DNS address, which we can then change to point to whichever environment we want to test against without reinstalling the app.
All of the dynamic DNS services I have checked update the IP address to the IP address making the request. This works fine for servers with a public IP address. When we're working within our intranet, the IP address seen by the dynamic DNS server is not the internal IP address. We'd like to be able to define the internal IP address to the dynamic DNS address.
We'd prefer a free service, but a pay service is also acceptable. | 2013/09/27 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/651035",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/257875/"
] | I had the same problem and it was a simple fix of clicking "Reset Window Position" and it worked.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CbQvY.jpg)
**View tab -> Reset Window Position in Excel** | Unfortunately this is a feature of excel and there is no way to fix it other than some non-recommended registry hacks.
You can however create a new instance of excel (either start > All Programs > Excel or Start > Run > "excel" > OK) and then drag the file you want into the sheet. This will create a separate instance. |
651,035 | Is there a dynamic DNS service that allows you to specify the IP address to point to (instead of pointing to the IP address making the request)?
We use dynamic DNS in our mobile application development. We install a version of our app on a phone that points to a dynamic DNS address, which we can then change to point to whichever environment we want to test against without reinstalling the app.
All of the dynamic DNS services I have checked update the IP address to the IP address making the request. This works fine for servers with a public IP address. When we're working within our intranet, the IP address seen by the dynamic DNS server is not the internal IP address. We'd like to be able to define the internal IP address to the dynamic DNS address.
We'd prefer a free service, but a pay service is also acceptable. | 2013/09/27 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/651035",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/257875/"
] | I was facing the same problem i.e. when I selected "arrange all> vertical" the window of the two excel files would only maximize or "restore down" without getting arranged.
The solution to this is,
1) open the desired excel file
2) press ctrl+n ( to open new excel window)
3) go to file > open > browse the file then open the file.
Now by clicking the arrange all button and the desired arrangement, vertical, horizontal etc., the window will get arranged.. | Unfortunately this is a feature of excel and there is no way to fix it other than some non-recommended registry hacks.
You can however create a new instance of excel (either start > All Programs > Excel or Start > Run > "excel" > OK) and then drag the file you want into the sheet. This will create a separate instance. |
651,035 | Is there a dynamic DNS service that allows you to specify the IP address to point to (instead of pointing to the IP address making the request)?
We use dynamic DNS in our mobile application development. We install a version of our app on a phone that points to a dynamic DNS address, which we can then change to point to whichever environment we want to test against without reinstalling the app.
All of the dynamic DNS services I have checked update the IP address to the IP address making the request. This works fine for servers with a public IP address. When we're working within our intranet, the IP address seen by the dynamic DNS server is not the internal IP address. We'd like to be able to define the internal IP address to the dynamic DNS address.
We'd prefer a free service, but a pay service is also acceptable. | 2013/09/27 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/651035",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/257875/"
] | Excel 2010 opens all files in the same instance, unless you wittigly open another instance of Excel.
But even if your files are open in the same Excel instance, you can view them side by side.
Just click the View ribbon and select "Arrange all" > "Vertical" > "OK" and all files that are currently open in this Excel instance will arrange in vertically aligned windows.
If you then click "View side by side" the arrangement will change to a horizontal split (thanks very much, Microsoft, that's not what we want, but anyway), and you can scroll both files simultaneously. | I had the same problem and it was a simple fix of clicking "Reset Window Position" and it worked.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CbQvY.jpg)
**View tab -> Reset Window Position in Excel** |
651,035 | Is there a dynamic DNS service that allows you to specify the IP address to point to (instead of pointing to the IP address making the request)?
We use dynamic DNS in our mobile application development. We install a version of our app on a phone that points to a dynamic DNS address, which we can then change to point to whichever environment we want to test against without reinstalling the app.
All of the dynamic DNS services I have checked update the IP address to the IP address making the request. This works fine for servers with a public IP address. When we're working within our intranet, the IP address seen by the dynamic DNS server is not the internal IP address. We'd like to be able to define the internal IP address to the dynamic DNS address.
We'd prefer a free service, but a pay service is also acceptable. | 2013/09/27 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/651035",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/257875/"
] | Excel 2010 opens all files in the same instance, unless you wittigly open another instance of Excel.
But even if your files are open in the same Excel instance, you can view them side by side.
Just click the View ribbon and select "Arrange all" > "Vertical" > "OK" and all files that are currently open in this Excel instance will arrange in vertically aligned windows.
If you then click "View side by side" the arrangement will change to a horizontal split (thanks very much, Microsoft, that's not what we want, but anyway), and you can scroll both files simultaneously. | The closest thing I can get to this is that Excel still acts like things are being shown side-by-side even when something is minimized after the box is checked. As long as that window is minimized, things like arranging the windows does not de-minimize it, and 'View Side by Side' remains checked. Is that like what's happening for you? As far a I can tell, this is intended behavior--either you can click on the minimized document to open it again, or selecting 'View Side by Side' again (twice, to turn it off and back on) should restore it.
Other than that, I've tried a number of combinations of things and cannot otherwise replicate this the way you seem to be describing it, which would be the window staying minimized the first time you click View Side by Side, with two workbooks open in the same instance. And if they're open in separate instances, View Side by Side should not be available as an option in the first place. |
329,670 | I want to create a small project with an ESP8266 that makes a server call when a thermostat is open or closed. My main problem is detecting the thermostat status.
The electro-mechanical thermostat has two wires going to it, one 220V line and a return line. When closed, the switch passes 200mA 20mA through it, to keep a relay closed. There is no neutral line available. I don't have access to the relay.
For safety and legal reasons I want to have the ESP8266 battery-powered. I could be smart and "leech off" current but charging a battery once a month is not that bad. I also want the detection to be isolated and non-contact, if possible.
One thing I could do is: add a kind of light indicator and use a light sensor to detect that. Not sure if I could make it light in the on-state, but should be straightforward to do for the off-state, with a resistor, LED and diode.
I don't have enough place inside the thermostat housing for a complicated circuit and I want to keep the ESP8266 module outside the thermostat housing, as a clip-on solution.
**TL;DR:** an easy non-contact way of detecting whether there is mains voltage without a neutral wire, to read by ADC or digital logic.
---
**Edit:**
Inside one of the thermostats there is a neutral wire available. I guess with a little digging the other one has it as well. The available space inside the thermostat is around 20x20x20mm, so a module like TSP-03 would not fit.
I might switch the scope of the project from contactless to low-voltage, since it's a bit more reliable and easier to use. The idea is to provide two pins, that either have a voltage difference or close a contact (optocoupler). Whatever choice, it has to fit inside that enclosure and provide a safe output.
---
**Edit2:**
FYI: The relay is in a remote location (fuse box) and triggers a 3-Phase heating element. No use going that route, even if I could.
The uploaded picture shows the insides of the thermostat. The available space is on the left side.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/U9hDZ.jpg)
The outside dimensions are 65x65x30mm.
Another solution would be to completely replace the thermostat with another model that provides WiFi or access to the signal.
A very comprehensive discussion about a similar topic can be found here: <https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=45&t=9617&start=25> as well as throughout StackOverflow. I've read most of those. | 2017/09/16 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/329670",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/4735/"
] | If the current passing through the thermostat is AC i.e. 50 or 60 Hz then you could use a small clamp-on current transformer. The current flow will produce a voltage output across a burden resistor and this can be simply amplified to generate a "detect\_current" signal.
If the current is DC then use a hall-effect sensor (which you could still use if the current is AC) but it's costlier and a little more tricky sometimes. | You could perhaps use a hall sensor to detect the magnetic field of the relay. |
329,670 | I want to create a small project with an ESP8266 that makes a server call when a thermostat is open or closed. My main problem is detecting the thermostat status.
The electro-mechanical thermostat has two wires going to it, one 220V line and a return line. When closed, the switch passes 200mA 20mA through it, to keep a relay closed. There is no neutral line available. I don't have access to the relay.
For safety and legal reasons I want to have the ESP8266 battery-powered. I could be smart and "leech off" current but charging a battery once a month is not that bad. I also want the detection to be isolated and non-contact, if possible.
One thing I could do is: add a kind of light indicator and use a light sensor to detect that. Not sure if I could make it light in the on-state, but should be straightforward to do for the off-state, with a resistor, LED and diode.
I don't have enough place inside the thermostat housing for a complicated circuit and I want to keep the ESP8266 module outside the thermostat housing, as a clip-on solution.
**TL;DR:** an easy non-contact way of detecting whether there is mains voltage without a neutral wire, to read by ADC or digital logic.
---
**Edit:**
Inside one of the thermostats there is a neutral wire available. I guess with a little digging the other one has it as well. The available space inside the thermostat is around 20x20x20mm, so a module like TSP-03 would not fit.
I might switch the scope of the project from contactless to low-voltage, since it's a bit more reliable and easier to use. The idea is to provide two pins, that either have a voltage difference or close a contact (optocoupler). Whatever choice, it has to fit inside that enclosure and provide a safe output.
---
**Edit2:**
FYI: The relay is in a remote location (fuse box) and triggers a 3-Phase heating element. No use going that route, even if I could.
The uploaded picture shows the insides of the thermostat. The available space is on the left side.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/U9hDZ.jpg)
The outside dimensions are 65x65x30mm.
Another solution would be to completely replace the thermostat with another model that provides WiFi or access to the signal.
A very comprehensive discussion about a similar topic can be found here: <https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=45&t=9617&start=25> as well as throughout StackOverflow. I've read most of those. | 2017/09/16 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/329670",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/4735/"
] | If the current passing through the thermostat is AC i.e. 50 or 60 Hz then you could use a small clamp-on current transformer. The current flow will produce a voltage output across a burden resistor and this can be simply amplified to generate a "detect\_current" signal.
If the current is DC then use a hall-effect sensor (which you could still use if the current is AC) but it's costlier and a little more tricky sometimes. | You could use something like this (connected in series with the thermostat contact). BR1 can be a 1A bridge. C1 something like 1000uF/6.3v. R1 is chosen so that the 200mA current provides a 5V drop from R1 in parallel with the [relay](http://www3.panasonic.biz/ac/e_download/control/relay/power/catalog/mech_eng_js.pdf) coil resistance.
[simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2fIp1SQ.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/)
You could use an optoisolator instead of the mechanical relay. There is plenty of current and enough voltage. Reduce R1 to 30 ohms and put a 130 ohm resistor in series with the LED. You can use something cheap like a 4N35.
R1 will need to be rated at 2W. If the relay current does not turn out to be exactly 200mA you may need to adjust the value of R1.
---
Edit: You have revised the problem description by reducing the relay current from 200mA to 20mA. That is still enough to operate a low current relay, such as the [V23026D1021B201](http://www.te.com/commerce/DocumentDelivery/DDEController?Action=srchrtrv&DocNm=108-98009&DocType=SS&DocLang=EN) or an optoisolator. Modify the value of R1 appropriately, and C1 can be reduced to 220uF or so. |
669,858 | I want to create a lab write-up with LaTeX in Ubuntu, however my text includes Scandinavian characters and at present I have to type them in using /"a and "/o etc. Is it possible to get the latex-compiler to read these special characters when they are typed in as is? Additionally, I would like vim to "read" Finnish: Now when I open a .tex-document containing Scandinavian characters, they are not displayed at all in vim. How can I correct this? | 2009/03/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/669858",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/72559/"
] | I can't help with vim, but for LaTeX I recommend you check out [XeTeX](http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&id=xetex), which is an extension of TeX that is designed to support Unicode input. XeTeX is now part of Texlive, so if you have TeX installed chances are you already have it. | I use the UCS unicode support: <http://iamleeg.blogspot.com/2007/10/nice-looking-latex-unicode.html> |
210,503 | Battery on my laptop is 4%, I don't have original power supply at the moment and I have some work to do.
Is it safe to ask a friend to give me his power supply from another type of laptop?
What parameters to look for to see if this is possible? | 2010/11/13 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/210503",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/39060/"
] | Obviously, the connector must fit. Other than that, the voltages need to match. There is some tolerance, but it's hard to give a solid number of what will still work and what might even harm your computer. Lower voltages are safer, but 5% deviation will be fine either way.
Another thing to look out for is the polarity as reversing it could be damaging, probably isn't but a power supply with the wrong polarity definitely won't work. Luckily, it is very uncommon to find laptop power supplies that do not adhere to the rule of the inner terminal being positive.
Current is largely irrelevant. How many amps are supplied depends on the load, not on the PSU which simply specifies the maximum current it can handle. If your laptop draws more power than can be supplied, the machine will either shut down or draw power from the batteries. Worst case scenario for a current rating too low: you need to power the machine down and wait for the batteries to recharge. Worst case for 'too high' a current, the recharge crazy fast. | My Dell D510 is OK with another Dell power supply. Original was 19.5v with 3.3 amp output. The 'extra' power supply is 19.5v with 4.6 amp output. Your mileage may vary. Take pictures of your laptop on fire if it doesn't work out, and let us know. Since, I'm only supplying a single data point. My guess is, that you can probably be within about 0.5v tolerance and 50% of the amp output... but I"m only guessing on that. Oh yeah, you'll find that the physical connector varies among manufacturers, so you'll need a 100% match there. |
210,503 | Battery on my laptop is 4%, I don't have original power supply at the moment and I have some work to do.
Is it safe to ask a friend to give me his power supply from another type of laptop?
What parameters to look for to see if this is possible? | 2010/11/13 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/210503",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/39060/"
] | One size does not fit all.
Buy something like the thing at picture below (would replace to CC version later), pick a matching connector, set a correct voltage.
Lower power (e.g. 60W instead of 90W) is OK, just the battery charge time will raise. Same for higher (used to feed 30W netbook with 110W supply). Voltage should be the same!
 | My Dell D510 is OK with another Dell power supply. Original was 19.5v with 3.3 amp output. The 'extra' power supply is 19.5v with 4.6 amp output. Your mileage may vary. Take pictures of your laptop on fire if it doesn't work out, and let us know. Since, I'm only supplying a single data point. My guess is, that you can probably be within about 0.5v tolerance and 50% of the amp output... but I"m only guessing on that. Oh yeah, you'll find that the physical connector varies among manufacturers, so you'll need a 100% match there. |
210,503 | Battery on my laptop is 4%, I don't have original power supply at the moment and I have some work to do.
Is it safe to ask a friend to give me his power supply from another type of laptop?
What parameters to look for to see if this is possible? | 2010/11/13 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/210503",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/39060/"
] | One size does not fit all.
Buy something like the thing at picture below (would replace to CC version later), pick a matching connector, set a correct voltage.
Lower power (e.g. 60W instead of 90W) is OK, just the battery charge time will raise. Same for higher (used to feed 30W netbook with 110W supply). Voltage should be the same!
 | Same power ( voltage and Amps )
Well its doesnt have to be perfect but similar..
As an example
(19.5V - 7.7A) 20V - 7.8A is fine..
Obviously the power adapter to connect should fit / be the same |
210,503 | Battery on my laptop is 4%, I don't have original power supply at the moment and I have some work to do.
Is it safe to ask a friend to give me his power supply from another type of laptop?
What parameters to look for to see if this is possible? | 2010/11/13 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/210503",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/39060/"
] | Obviously, the connector must fit. Other than that, the voltages need to match. There is some tolerance, but it's hard to give a solid number of what will still work and what might even harm your computer. Lower voltages are safer, but 5% deviation will be fine either way.
Another thing to look out for is the polarity as reversing it could be damaging, probably isn't but a power supply with the wrong polarity definitely won't work. Luckily, it is very uncommon to find laptop power supplies that do not adhere to the rule of the inner terminal being positive.
Current is largely irrelevant. How many amps are supplied depends on the load, not on the PSU which simply specifies the maximum current it can handle. If your laptop draws more power than can be supplied, the machine will either shut down or draw power from the batteries. Worst case scenario for a current rating too low: you need to power the machine down and wait for the batteries to recharge. Worst case for 'too high' a current, the recharge crazy fast. | Usually higher wattage power supplies for Dell will work replacing a lower wattage power supply. Most power supplies are voltage regulated, so the output current is only what the laptop needs is provided. So a higher wattage power supply of the same voltage shouldn't be a problem. I have seen a Dell Latitude XT2 show an error using a higher wattage power supply, but this is a very rare case. This information shouldn't matter even with other brands as long as the power supply is regulated (as far as I know all laptop manufacturers would be using voltage regulated power supplies. Good news is that for nearly the past 10 years most manufacturers have started to use the same power supply connector and regulated voltage for their whole product line
Hope this helps. I use Dell at work, and one of my home laptops is an ASUS that apparently isn't working, found this as I was searching. Hope this comment is helpful to someone. |
210,503 | Battery on my laptop is 4%, I don't have original power supply at the moment and I have some work to do.
Is it safe to ask a friend to give me his power supply from another type of laptop?
What parameters to look for to see if this is possible? | 2010/11/13 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/210503",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/39060/"
] | One size does not fit all.
Buy something like the thing at picture below (would replace to CC version later), pick a matching connector, set a correct voltage.
Lower power (e.g. 60W instead of 90W) is OK, just the battery charge time will raise. Same for higher (used to feed 30W netbook with 110W supply). Voltage should be the same!
 | Usually higher wattage power supplies for Dell will work replacing a lower wattage power supply. Most power supplies are voltage regulated, so the output current is only what the laptop needs is provided. So a higher wattage power supply of the same voltage shouldn't be a problem. I have seen a Dell Latitude XT2 show an error using a higher wattage power supply, but this is a very rare case. This information shouldn't matter even with other brands as long as the power supply is regulated (as far as I know all laptop manufacturers would be using voltage regulated power supplies. Good news is that for nearly the past 10 years most manufacturers have started to use the same power supply connector and regulated voltage for their whole product line
Hope this helps. I use Dell at work, and one of my home laptops is an ASUS that apparently isn't working, found this as I was searching. Hope this comment is helpful to someone. |
210,503 | Battery on my laptop is 4%, I don't have original power supply at the moment and I have some work to do.
Is it safe to ask a friend to give me his power supply from another type of laptop?
What parameters to look for to see if this is possible? | 2010/11/13 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/210503",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/39060/"
] | I have used a 90w power supply on my dell and it seems to charge much faster than my current 65w unit. Since my 65w unit blew it works very well with the 90w unit. Hope this helps! | My Dell D510 is OK with another Dell power supply. Original was 19.5v with 3.3 amp output. The 'extra' power supply is 19.5v with 4.6 amp output. Your mileage may vary. Take pictures of your laptop on fire if it doesn't work out, and let us know. Since, I'm only supplying a single data point. My guess is, that you can probably be within about 0.5v tolerance and 50% of the amp output... but I"m only guessing on that. Oh yeah, you'll find that the physical connector varies among manufacturers, so you'll need a 100% match there. |
210,503 | Battery on my laptop is 4%, I don't have original power supply at the moment and I have some work to do.
Is it safe to ask a friend to give me his power supply from another type of laptop?
What parameters to look for to see if this is possible? | 2010/11/13 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/210503",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/39060/"
] | One size does not fit all.
Buy something like the thing at picture below (would replace to CC version later), pick a matching connector, set a correct voltage.
Lower power (e.g. 60W instead of 90W) is OK, just the battery charge time will raise. Same for higher (used to feed 30W netbook with 110W supply). Voltage should be the same!
 | I have used a 90w power supply on my dell and it seems to charge much faster than my current 65w unit. Since my 65w unit blew it works very well with the 90w unit. Hope this helps! |
210,503 | Battery on my laptop is 4%, I don't have original power supply at the moment and I have some work to do.
Is it safe to ask a friend to give me his power supply from another type of laptop?
What parameters to look for to see if this is possible? | 2010/11/13 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/210503",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/39060/"
] | Same power ( voltage and Amps )
Well its doesnt have to be perfect but similar..
As an example
(19.5V - 7.7A) 20V - 7.8A is fine..
Obviously the power adapter to connect should fit / be the same | Usually higher wattage power supplies for Dell will work replacing a lower wattage power supply. Most power supplies are voltage regulated, so the output current is only what the laptop needs is provided. So a higher wattage power supply of the same voltage shouldn't be a problem. I have seen a Dell Latitude XT2 show an error using a higher wattage power supply, but this is a very rare case. This information shouldn't matter even with other brands as long as the power supply is regulated (as far as I know all laptop manufacturers would be using voltage regulated power supplies. Good news is that for nearly the past 10 years most manufacturers have started to use the same power supply connector and regulated voltage for their whole product line
Hope this helps. I use Dell at work, and one of my home laptops is an ASUS that apparently isn't working, found this as I was searching. Hope this comment is helpful to someone. |
210,503 | Battery on my laptop is 4%, I don't have original power supply at the moment and I have some work to do.
Is it safe to ask a friend to give me his power supply from another type of laptop?
What parameters to look for to see if this is possible? | 2010/11/13 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/210503",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/39060/"
] | Same power ( voltage and Amps )
Well its doesnt have to be perfect but similar..
As an example
(19.5V - 7.7A) 20V - 7.8A is fine..
Obviously the power adapter to connect should fit / be the same | My Dell D510 is OK with another Dell power supply. Original was 19.5v with 3.3 amp output. The 'extra' power supply is 19.5v with 4.6 amp output. Your mileage may vary. Take pictures of your laptop on fire if it doesn't work out, and let us know. Since, I'm only supplying a single data point. My guess is, that you can probably be within about 0.5v tolerance and 50% of the amp output... but I"m only guessing on that. Oh yeah, you'll find that the physical connector varies among manufacturers, so you'll need a 100% match there. |
210,503 | Battery on my laptop is 4%, I don't have original power supply at the moment and I have some work to do.
Is it safe to ask a friend to give me his power supply from another type of laptop?
What parameters to look for to see if this is possible? | 2010/11/13 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/210503",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/39060/"
] | I have used a 90w power supply on my dell and it seems to charge much faster than my current 65w unit. Since my 65w unit blew it works very well with the 90w unit. Hope this helps! | Usually higher wattage power supplies for Dell will work replacing a lower wattage power supply. Most power supplies are voltage regulated, so the output current is only what the laptop needs is provided. So a higher wattage power supply of the same voltage shouldn't be a problem. I have seen a Dell Latitude XT2 show an error using a higher wattage power supply, but this is a very rare case. This information shouldn't matter even with other brands as long as the power supply is regulated (as far as I know all laptop manufacturers would be using voltage regulated power supplies. Good news is that for nearly the past 10 years most manufacturers have started to use the same power supply connector and regulated voltage for their whole product line
Hope this helps. I use Dell at work, and one of my home laptops is an ASUS that apparently isn't working, found this as I was searching. Hope this comment is helpful to someone. |
19,671 | Choice of launcher seems to be an early decision in the design of spacecrafts. There would be an advantage to having the option to easily change launcher, especially for an interplanetary mission with a rarely recurring launch window, in case the intended launcher is grounded for a long time. A mission prepared to deal with an emergency, such as a space tug to save a failed orbital insertion of a crewed or otherwise valuable spacecraft, or for last-minute deflection of an asteroid, would also benefit from being able to launch from any out of several frequently launched rocket types (replacing the payload of the next one prepared to go).
The most frequently launched rockets nowadays are Atlas V, Falcon 9, Ariane 5 and Proton (assuming that Soyuz is too feeble). Incidentally, two of them have been grounded for 4 and 7 months now.
* Could one design a spacecraft to go with at least three out of these four?
* Would it need a bulky adapter stage?
* Could one make adapters that could take almost any satellite or spacecraft on any of the launchers? (To steal the competitors' customers)
* Proton is horizontally integrated, the others vertically. Is that outright disqualifying for inter-launcher payload compatibility?
I suppose one "could", and that it comes down to how much would it would cost in mass and extra engineering. If it would be cheaper to have a dedicated launcher on some level of standby instead.
Delta IV and the Japanese H-IIB are AFAIK both based on Delta, so they might be quite compatible. However, they are the most expensive launchers and do not launch very often. | 2017/01/04 | [
"https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/19671",
"https://space.stackexchange.com",
"https://space.stackexchange.com/users/1457/"
] | The physical adapter is the easy part. These have standard dimensions. Commercial launch providers were quick to realize it'd be advantageous to offer compatibility. E.g. the Ariane 5 payload fairing dimensions were based on the Shuttle payload bay.
Looking at the user manuals for various launchers, you can see the differences:
* vibration and other environmental factors (a satellite has to be tested and qualified for the launcher environment, so you have to budget for more tests)
* maybe: electrical interfaces, although there are commonalities here too, for example the Ariane 5 and Falcon 9 use the same electrical connectors between launcher and satellite. I haven't had time yet to do a thorough comparison.
So provisionally: yes, you should be able to design a payload that's compatible with multiple rockets, without too much of a mass penalty. | The launcher is chosen early is that once you know what launcher you intend to use, then you can determine how big (in particular how heavy) your satellite can be. That would have a BIG impact on the design of the satellite. I'm pretty sure that there have been times that a mission has had to change to a larger (typically more expensive) launcher because the satellite was too heavy, but can't come up with a reference right now. |
19,671 | Choice of launcher seems to be an early decision in the design of spacecrafts. There would be an advantage to having the option to easily change launcher, especially for an interplanetary mission with a rarely recurring launch window, in case the intended launcher is grounded for a long time. A mission prepared to deal with an emergency, such as a space tug to save a failed orbital insertion of a crewed or otherwise valuable spacecraft, or for last-minute deflection of an asteroid, would also benefit from being able to launch from any out of several frequently launched rocket types (replacing the payload of the next one prepared to go).
The most frequently launched rockets nowadays are Atlas V, Falcon 9, Ariane 5 and Proton (assuming that Soyuz is too feeble). Incidentally, two of them have been grounded for 4 and 7 months now.
* Could one design a spacecraft to go with at least three out of these four?
* Would it need a bulky adapter stage?
* Could one make adapters that could take almost any satellite or spacecraft on any of the launchers? (To steal the competitors' customers)
* Proton is horizontally integrated, the others vertically. Is that outright disqualifying for inter-launcher payload compatibility?
I suppose one "could", and that it comes down to how much would it would cost in mass and extra engineering. If it would be cheaper to have a dedicated launcher on some level of standby instead.
Delta IV and the Japanese H-IIB are AFAIK both based on Delta, so they might be quite compatible. However, they are the most expensive launchers and do not launch very often. | 2017/01/04 | [
"https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/19671",
"https://space.stackexchange.com",
"https://space.stackexchange.com/users/1457/"
] | Changing launchers late in the development cycle is unusual, but it does happen. For example, the next [Cygnus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cygnus_(spacecraft)) mission (OA-7) has been [moved on to an Altas 5 from Antares in order to carry more cargo](http://spacenews.com/orbital-to-launch-next-cygnus-mission-on-atlas-5/).
In this case, it appears that OA and NASA made the decision to switch simply because the Atlas 5 can carry more mass to orbit. The Cygnus missions OA-4 and OA-6 [also launched on Atlas](https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/ula-atlas-v-rocket-with-cygnus-spacecraft-at-the-launch-pad), and the more powerful launcher enabled those missions to carry [better than 2000 kgs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cygnus_(spacecraft)) more payload mass to ISS than the missions launched on Antares. It's desirable for OA-7 to do the same because of timing: both JAXA and SpaceX have experienced delays in their resupply contracts recently.
As Hobbes hints in his answer, the biggest difficulty in switching launchers is that nearly everything will need to be requalified. NASA requirements are exacting, but even fully commercial launches must convince [their insurers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_insurance) and [government regulators](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Commercial_Space_Transportation) that their payload will not cause a hazard during launch - and in Cygnus's case, it also can't cause a hazard to ISS.
Everything from the structure to the software must pass qualification tests, and these tests are expensive in both time and money to perform (months of time and thousands of man hours, speaking from experience). It isn't worth the expense to do for other launchers, which is why you're unlikely to see vehicles "designed for three of the four", as you put it. That said, if there's a legitimate need to switch, it's certainly possible - engineers are pretty resourceful. | The launcher is chosen early is that once you know what launcher you intend to use, then you can determine how big (in particular how heavy) your satellite can be. That would have a BIG impact on the design of the satellite. I'm pretty sure that there have been times that a mission has had to change to a larger (typically more expensive) launcher because the satellite was too heavy, but can't come up with a reference right now. |
19,671 | Choice of launcher seems to be an early decision in the design of spacecrafts. There would be an advantage to having the option to easily change launcher, especially for an interplanetary mission with a rarely recurring launch window, in case the intended launcher is grounded for a long time. A mission prepared to deal with an emergency, such as a space tug to save a failed orbital insertion of a crewed or otherwise valuable spacecraft, or for last-minute deflection of an asteroid, would also benefit from being able to launch from any out of several frequently launched rocket types (replacing the payload of the next one prepared to go).
The most frequently launched rockets nowadays are Atlas V, Falcon 9, Ariane 5 and Proton (assuming that Soyuz is too feeble). Incidentally, two of them have been grounded for 4 and 7 months now.
* Could one design a spacecraft to go with at least three out of these four?
* Would it need a bulky adapter stage?
* Could one make adapters that could take almost any satellite or spacecraft on any of the launchers? (To steal the competitors' customers)
* Proton is horizontally integrated, the others vertically. Is that outright disqualifying for inter-launcher payload compatibility?
I suppose one "could", and that it comes down to how much would it would cost in mass and extra engineering. If it would be cheaper to have a dedicated launcher on some level of standby instead.
Delta IV and the Japanese H-IIB are AFAIK both based on Delta, so they might be quite compatible. However, they are the most expensive launchers and do not launch very often. | 2017/01/04 | [
"https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/19671",
"https://space.stackexchange.com",
"https://space.stackexchange.com/users/1457/"
] | In response to the part of the question "Could one design a spacecraft to go with at least three out of these four?" the answer is yes.
* This is actually quite common for geostationary communications satellites. It is quite typical for a customer to request that competing satellite manufacturers make their satellites compatible with two or three launch vehicles and the four that you mention are certainly chosen from.
* In a commercial satellite procurement that could take three years the customer could organise the tender amongst satellite manufacturers first and then either run the launch vehicle tender themselves in collaboration with the satellite manufacturer or simply delegate it to the satellite manufacturer.
* There can typically be two distinct stages; very early on the compatibility with several launch vehicles is soft, it is just enough to ensure real competition amongst the launchers. Later, once the satellite design is frozen and its build is underway two launch vehicles can have contracts as prime and back-up to allow a late change should there be scheduling problems.
* Examples of real launch vehicle changes:
[EchoStar Explains Why Jupiter-2 is Launching on Atlas instead of Ariane](http://spacenews.com/echostar-books-a-commercial-atlas-5-for-jupiter-2/)
[For Europasat/Hellas-sat 3: "Fearing SpaceX Falcon Heavy delays, Inmarsat reserves ILS Proton"](http://spacenews.com/inmarsat-worried-about-spacex-falcon-heavy-delays-books-reservation-for-ils-proton-launch/)
[Viasat 2: "was booked on SpaceX's Falcon-Heavy rocket for a launch in late 2016, but was moved to an Ariane-5ECA rocket in 2017 due to schedule uncertainies"](http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/viasat-2.htm)
This "standardised" situation I've described is probably more specific to GEO communications satellites where the main commercial platform designs are already structurally qualified for the main launch vehicle choices. Even in this context there is a lot to do in terms of routine analysis effort and perhaps changes that need to reflect:
* The specifics of each type of payload in terms of its mass and thus LV performance impacts
* The vibration spectrum of each launch vehicle option that is cascaded down to mission specific components
* The couple loads analysis — most relevant for any unusual items such as folded antennas
* The stowed accommodation inside the fairing for each LV type | The launcher is chosen early is that once you know what launcher you intend to use, then you can determine how big (in particular how heavy) your satellite can be. That would have a BIG impact on the design of the satellite. I'm pretty sure that there have been times that a mission has had to change to a larger (typically more expensive) launcher because the satellite was too heavy, but can't come up with a reference right now. |
8,279 | I am exporting elevation contours from ArcGIS to a DXF file so that I can FTP the result to another office. The resulting file is extremely large. When export the same contours to a shapefile (from file geodatabase) it not only takes a fraction of the processing time but is 6x smaller in size then the DXF file. This is only the major contours, I still need to create a DXF file from the minor contours and the process is crashing all together.
I need to deliver the contours in DXF format. I tried compressing the file but it is still too large. Is there another way? | 2011/04/07 | [
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/8279",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/users/685/"
] | Perfect job for FME (www.safe.com) and with it you could also split your data in grid. It's very easy if you use the TILER transformer. You would have many DXF, but at least they would be workable.
And FME is less subject to crash for this kind of job. Note that FME has a demo version. | I'll be glad to help if you need it. I can import shape and create a dxf.
Or a set of dxf files.
If you want to find your own solution you might try creating a grid, and clipping each cell to a seperate dxf file.
He could then re-assemble the draings without much adoo.
Too bad he won't use the tools he has.
Autocad map will edit shape file natively or import it through FDO.
Let me know if I can help. |
8,279 | I am exporting elevation contours from ArcGIS to a DXF file so that I can FTP the result to another office. The resulting file is extremely large. When export the same contours to a shapefile (from file geodatabase) it not only takes a fraction of the processing time but is 6x smaller in size then the DXF file. This is only the major contours, I still need to create a DXF file from the minor contours and the process is crashing all together.
I need to deliver the contours in DXF format. I tried compressing the file but it is still too large. Is there another way? | 2011/04/07 | [
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/8279",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/users/685/"
] | Have you tried using [ogr2ogr](https://gdal.org/ogr2ogr.html) to convert the shapefile to DXF? It is quite powerful, writes to DXF, and is free to use.
[Supported formats](https://gdal.org/drivers/vector/index.html)
You can download [FWTools](http://fwtools.maptools.org/) to make the install process a breeze. | I'll be glad to help if you need it. I can import shape and create a dxf.
Or a set of dxf files.
If you want to find your own solution you might try creating a grid, and clipping each cell to a seperate dxf file.
He could then re-assemble the draings without much adoo.
Too bad he won't use the tools he has.
Autocad map will edit shape file natively or import it through FDO.
Let me know if I can help. |
8,279 | I am exporting elevation contours from ArcGIS to a DXF file so that I can FTP the result to another office. The resulting file is extremely large. When export the same contours to a shapefile (from file geodatabase) it not only takes a fraction of the processing time but is 6x smaller in size then the DXF file. This is only the major contours, I still need to create a DXF file from the minor contours and the process is crashing all together.
I need to deliver the contours in DXF format. I tried compressing the file but it is still too large. Is there another way? | 2011/04/07 | [
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/8279",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/users/685/"
] | Have you tried using [ogr2ogr](https://gdal.org/ogr2ogr.html) to convert the shapefile to DXF? It is quite powerful, writes to DXF, and is free to use.
[Supported formats](https://gdal.org/drivers/vector/index.html)
You can download [FWTools](http://fwtools.maptools.org/) to make the install process a breeze. | Perfect job for FME (www.safe.com) and with it you could also split your data in grid. It's very easy if you use the TILER transformer. You would have many DXF, but at least they would be workable.
And FME is less subject to crash for this kind of job. Note that FME has a demo version. |
8,279 | I am exporting elevation contours from ArcGIS to a DXF file so that I can FTP the result to another office. The resulting file is extremely large. When export the same contours to a shapefile (from file geodatabase) it not only takes a fraction of the processing time but is 6x smaller in size then the DXF file. This is only the major contours, I still need to create a DXF file from the minor contours and the process is crashing all together.
I need to deliver the contours in DXF format. I tried compressing the file but it is still too large. Is there another way? | 2011/04/07 | [
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/8279",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/users/685/"
] | Perfect job for FME (www.safe.com) and with it you could also split your data in grid. It's very easy if you use the TILER transformer. You would have many DXF, but at least they would be workable.
And FME is less subject to crash for this kind of job. Note that FME has a demo version. | Hey,
Do you have access to AutoCAD Civil 3D? If so, you can simply type "mapconnect" in your command line and attach to your contour shapefiles. This will also maintain the attribution. The "mapimport" command, will bring the contours in as polylines "without" attribution. You can connect to the data "afterward" if you choose option 2.
Alternatively, you can create a surface from GIS data. Under the "home" tab, you will see "create ground data". In there, you will find a dropdown beside the word "surfaces". From there, select "create surface from GIS data". The rest of the process is pretty self-explanitory. Whichever method you choose (of the three I've indicated), you can simply save to a .dxf format when you're done. This should alleviate the file size issues you're experiencing. Also, bve sure everything is in the datum you want before bringing it in to CAD. It "does not" project on the fly (sadly).
Hope this helps,
Dano |
8,279 | I am exporting elevation contours from ArcGIS to a DXF file so that I can FTP the result to another office. The resulting file is extremely large. When export the same contours to a shapefile (from file geodatabase) it not only takes a fraction of the processing time but is 6x smaller in size then the DXF file. This is only the major contours, I still need to create a DXF file from the minor contours and the process is crashing all together.
I need to deliver the contours in DXF format. I tried compressing the file but it is still too large. Is there another way? | 2011/04/07 | [
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/8279",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/users/685/"
] | Have you tried using [ogr2ogr](https://gdal.org/ogr2ogr.html) to convert the shapefile to DXF? It is quite powerful, writes to DXF, and is free to use.
[Supported formats](https://gdal.org/drivers/vector/index.html)
You can download [FWTools](http://fwtools.maptools.org/) to make the install process a breeze. | Hey,
Do you have access to AutoCAD Civil 3D? If so, you can simply type "mapconnect" in your command line and attach to your contour shapefiles. This will also maintain the attribution. The "mapimport" command, will bring the contours in as polylines "without" attribution. You can connect to the data "afterward" if you choose option 2.
Alternatively, you can create a surface from GIS data. Under the "home" tab, you will see "create ground data". In there, you will find a dropdown beside the word "surfaces". From there, select "create surface from GIS data". The rest of the process is pretty self-explanitory. Whichever method you choose (of the three I've indicated), you can simply save to a .dxf format when you're done. This should alleviate the file size issues you're experiencing. Also, bve sure everything is in the datum you want before bringing it in to CAD. It "does not" project on the fly (sadly).
Hope this helps,
Dano |
86,461 | If the other traffic is at the same level, and neither climbing or descending. Will the RA say "CLIMB" or will it say "DESCEND"? How will it be decided and what are the possibilities?
Assume:
* Mode S is not available
* Only one aircraft has TCAS
Will it be random? | 2021/04/10 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/86461",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/35047/"
] | It is not possible to give an answer, because the TCAS II RA algorithm is not so simple. It isn't like "if A is 50 feet above B then A climb and B descent", it consider many different parameters to take a decision. Under certain conditions, it is possible that even if our aircraft is below the intruder, the RA can instruct us to climb.
[This paper from NASA](https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20140002736/downloads/20140002736.pdf) describes the equations on which TA and RA TCAS II algorithms are implemented and states:
>
> The sense of an RA is computed based on the direction for the ownship maneuver that provides a greater
> vertical separation, with a bias towards the non-crossing direction.
>
>
>
This depends on both aircraft TAS, vertical speeds, horizontal separation, and many other parameters. The final equation is the following one (I highlighted the return values):
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/tOqPa.png)
The comparison highlighted in blue tells us that in the rare case that performing a climb or a descent will give exactly the same vertical separation values, then CLIMB is performed.
See also Page 29 in [TCAS II FAA booklet](https://www.faa.gov/documentlibrary/media/advisory_circular/tcas%20ii%20v7.1%20intro%20booklet.pdf). | The original poster's question assumes that mode S is not available. The original poster did not stipulate that only one aircraft lacks mode S, therefore, neither aircraft has mode S.
Mode S is necessary for TCAS II, and therefore one cannot have a resolution advisory without a mode S transponder.
Under the conditions stipulated, no mode S and only one aircraft with TCAS, that aircraft can only have TCAS I, which will provide a traffic advisory, but not a resolution advisory. With no mode S and no RA, there will be no direction given for a climb or descend, only a traffic alert. It will be up to one or both pilots to see and avoid and to take necessary action to avoid a collision. |
258,828 | Okay I was just surfing Stack Overflow, and [found this](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21186724/why-is-whitespace-sometimes-needed-around-metacharacters). In that, a message is displayed:
>
> Welcome, Redditors! We're looking for answers that provide serious,
> practical solutions to the problem stated. If you'd prefer to post a
> joke or launch a tangential discussion, please do so on the
> corresponding Reddit thread.
>
>
>
I’ve never seen this before. How many such unknown messages are there in Stack Overflow and what are they? | 2014/06/08 | [
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/258828",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/3001736/"
] | By definition, there are no unknown messages in existence.
A moderator can create a custom post notice and then afix it. There is currently no way to afix a purely arbitrary message in that fashion - it must be selected from a list. Therefore it cannot be unknown unless it hasn't been created yet.
What you are actually asking is: *what post notice options do the moderators have?*. | [Google says there is only one](https://www.google.co.uk/webhp?q=site%3Astackoverflow.com%20%22welcome%2C%20redditors!%22).
I strongly suspect it was written manually by a moderator, after seeing unusually high chatty behaviour and noting that it was predominantly due to a post on Reddit. |
258,828 | Okay I was just surfing Stack Overflow, and [found this](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21186724/why-is-whitespace-sometimes-needed-around-metacharacters). In that, a message is displayed:
>
> Welcome, Redditors! We're looking for answers that provide serious,
> practical solutions to the problem stated. If you'd prefer to post a
> joke or launch a tangential discussion, please do so on the
> corresponding Reddit thread.
>
>
>
I’ve never seen this before. How many such unknown messages are there in Stack Overflow and what are they? | 2014/06/08 | [
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/258828",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/3001736/"
] | Post Notices can be added to a post by moderators. These are predefined. Moderators cannot add their own text. Post Notices appear below the posts until removed manually.
Currently, Stack Overflow moderators can pick the following:
* **citation needed**: This post does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this post by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
* **current event**: Post is related to a rapidly changing event.
* **insufficient explanation**: We're looking for long answers that provide some explanation and context. Don't just give a one-line answer; explain why your answer is right, ideally with citations. Answers that don't include explanations may be removed.
* **redditted**: Welcome, Redditors! We're looking for answers that provide serious, practical solutions to the problem stated. If you'd prefer to post a joke or launch a tangential discussion, please do so on the corresponding Reddit thread.
This is how it looks like in the UI:
Related information on meta.SE:
* [What are these notices above my post?](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/165006/what-are-these-notices-under-my-post)
* [How rare should post notices be?](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/172571/how-rare-should-post-notices-be)
* <https://blog.stackoverflow.com/2011/09/bounty-reasons-and-post-notices/>
As for the reddited one:
The **reddited** post notice came into existence after [this question](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14415881/how-to-pair-socks-from-a-pile-efficiently) somehow made it to the [Reddit](http://www.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/16x9a3/how_to_pair_socks_from_a_pile_efficiently/?sort=old) frontpage. It resulted in lots and lots of joke answers and comments on that question, which we deleted, which then created complaints on MSO. So [@shog9 added the notice](http://www.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/16y0as/til_that_redditors_going_to_stack_overflow_and/c80j92e) to handle this:
>
> I created that notice for a question earlier today. I did so after deleting a half-dozen or so "answers" that, while perhaps somewhat clever, didn't bother trying to actually answer the question.
>
>
> | [Google says there is only one](https://www.google.co.uk/webhp?q=site%3Astackoverflow.com%20%22welcome%2C%20redditors!%22).
I strongly suspect it was written manually by a moderator, after seeing unusually high chatty behaviour and noting that it was predominantly due to a post on Reddit. |
258,828 | Okay I was just surfing Stack Overflow, and [found this](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21186724/why-is-whitespace-sometimes-needed-around-metacharacters). In that, a message is displayed:
>
> Welcome, Redditors! We're looking for answers that provide serious,
> practical solutions to the problem stated. If you'd prefer to post a
> joke or launch a tangential discussion, please do so on the
> corresponding Reddit thread.
>
>
>
I’ve never seen this before. How many such unknown messages are there in Stack Overflow and what are they? | 2014/06/08 | [
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/258828",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com",
"https://meta.stackoverflow.com/users/3001736/"
] | Post Notices can be added to a post by moderators. These are predefined. Moderators cannot add their own text. Post Notices appear below the posts until removed manually.
Currently, Stack Overflow moderators can pick the following:
* **citation needed**: This post does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this post by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
* **current event**: Post is related to a rapidly changing event.
* **insufficient explanation**: We're looking for long answers that provide some explanation and context. Don't just give a one-line answer; explain why your answer is right, ideally with citations. Answers that don't include explanations may be removed.
* **redditted**: Welcome, Redditors! We're looking for answers that provide serious, practical solutions to the problem stated. If you'd prefer to post a joke or launch a tangential discussion, please do so on the corresponding Reddit thread.
This is how it looks like in the UI:
Related information on meta.SE:
* [What are these notices above my post?](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/165006/what-are-these-notices-under-my-post)
* [How rare should post notices be?](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/172571/how-rare-should-post-notices-be)
* <https://blog.stackoverflow.com/2011/09/bounty-reasons-and-post-notices/>
As for the reddited one:
The **reddited** post notice came into existence after [this question](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14415881/how-to-pair-socks-from-a-pile-efficiently) somehow made it to the [Reddit](http://www.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/16x9a3/how_to_pair_socks_from_a_pile_efficiently/?sort=old) frontpage. It resulted in lots and lots of joke answers and comments on that question, which we deleted, which then created complaints on MSO. So [@shog9 added the notice](http://www.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/16y0as/til_that_redditors_going_to_stack_overflow_and/c80j92e) to handle this:
>
> I created that notice for a question earlier today. I did so after deleting a half-dozen or so "answers" that, while perhaps somewhat clever, didn't bother trying to actually answer the question.
>
>
> | By definition, there are no unknown messages in existence.
A moderator can create a custom post notice and then afix it. There is currently no way to afix a purely arbitrary message in that fashion - it must be selected from a list. Therefore it cannot be unknown unless it hasn't been created yet.
What you are actually asking is: *what post notice options do the moderators have?*. |
5,089,147 | I'm currently reading an unreleased master thesis report, that I'm going to give feedback on.
In the report they mention Garbage Collector under native C++ and managed C++. I thought C++ didn't have any standard GC, am I wrong or right? (They do not mention Boehm-Demers-Weiser.)
They have some problem getting it to work under some conditions. They create objects in one thread, and then delete the pointer from another thread. | 2011/02/23 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5089147",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/333361/"
] | Native C++ by default has no such thing (the closest thing to this are the smart pointers, but that's still something entirely different), but that doesn't prevent you from writing your own garbage collection solution (or using [third party solution](http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Hans_Boehm/gc/)).
Managed C++ (and its successor C++/CLI) of course use .NET garbage collection for managed resources (though native resources are not garbage collected and have to be managed manually as in native C++). | Existing C++ standard of 1998/2004 does not specify a garbage collector.
The upcoming standard C++0x does specify an optional garbage collector API, however the implementation is an other part.
With all that said, there are garbage collectors available for C++ from compiler vendors and third party.
* GCC suite provides Boehm-GC for garbage collection.
* Managed C++ was Microsoft's extension to C++ released with .Net 1.0 which extended C++ with garbage collection capabilities.
* There is also C++/CIL from Microsoft released with .Net 2 which deprecated Managed C++ with more .Net centric features.
* Sun Provided libgc as garbage collector for C/C++. |
5,089,147 | I'm currently reading an unreleased master thesis report, that I'm going to give feedback on.
In the report they mention Garbage Collector under native C++ and managed C++. I thought C++ didn't have any standard GC, am I wrong or right? (They do not mention Boehm-Demers-Weiser.)
They have some problem getting it to work under some conditions. They create objects in one thread, and then delete the pointer from another thread. | 2011/02/23 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5089147",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/333361/"
] | Native C++ by default has no such thing (the closest thing to this are the smart pointers, but that's still something entirely different), but that doesn't prevent you from writing your own garbage collection solution (or using [third party solution](http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Hans_Boehm/gc/)).
Managed C++ (and its successor C++/CLI) of course use .NET garbage collection for managed resources (though native resources are not garbage collected and have to be managed manually as in native C++). | The only GC library for C and C++ is [Hans-Boehm library](http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Hans_Boehm/gc/), but as far as I know it is difficult to set it. |
5,089,147 | I'm currently reading an unreleased master thesis report, that I'm going to give feedback on.
In the report they mention Garbage Collector under native C++ and managed C++. I thought C++ didn't have any standard GC, am I wrong or right? (They do not mention Boehm-Demers-Weiser.)
They have some problem getting it to work under some conditions. They create objects in one thread, and then delete the pointer from another thread. | 2011/02/23 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5089147",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/333361/"
] | Native C++ by default has no such thing (the closest thing to this are the smart pointers, but that's still something entirely different), but that doesn't prevent you from writing your own garbage collection solution (or using [third party solution](http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Hans_Boehm/gc/)).
Managed C++ (and its successor C++/CLI) of course use .NET garbage collection for managed resources (though native resources are not garbage collected and have to be managed manually as in native C++). | I have a different take on GC under C++.
Have a look at [MCP](http://managedcpp.sourceforge.net) (open source license GPLv3) -- GC with C++ should not have to be any worse than GJC / Mono. |
5,089,147 | I'm currently reading an unreleased master thesis report, that I'm going to give feedback on.
In the report they mention Garbage Collector under native C++ and managed C++. I thought C++ didn't have any standard GC, am I wrong or right? (They do not mention Boehm-Demers-Weiser.)
They have some problem getting it to work under some conditions. They create objects in one thread, and then delete the pointer from another thread. | 2011/02/23 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5089147",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/333361/"
] | Existing C++ standard of 1998/2004 does not specify a garbage collector.
The upcoming standard C++0x does specify an optional garbage collector API, however the implementation is an other part.
With all that said, there are garbage collectors available for C++ from compiler vendors and third party.
* GCC suite provides Boehm-GC for garbage collection.
* Managed C++ was Microsoft's extension to C++ released with .Net 1.0 which extended C++ with garbage collection capabilities.
* There is also C++/CIL from Microsoft released with .Net 2 which deprecated Managed C++ with more .Net centric features.
* Sun Provided libgc as garbage collector for C/C++. | The only GC library for C and C++ is [Hans-Boehm library](http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Hans_Boehm/gc/), but as far as I know it is difficult to set it. |
5,089,147 | I'm currently reading an unreleased master thesis report, that I'm going to give feedback on.
In the report they mention Garbage Collector under native C++ and managed C++. I thought C++ didn't have any standard GC, am I wrong or right? (They do not mention Boehm-Demers-Weiser.)
They have some problem getting it to work under some conditions. They create objects in one thread, and then delete the pointer from another thread. | 2011/02/23 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5089147",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/333361/"
] | Existing C++ standard of 1998/2004 does not specify a garbage collector.
The upcoming standard C++0x does specify an optional garbage collector API, however the implementation is an other part.
With all that said, there are garbage collectors available for C++ from compiler vendors and third party.
* GCC suite provides Boehm-GC for garbage collection.
* Managed C++ was Microsoft's extension to C++ released with .Net 1.0 which extended C++ with garbage collection capabilities.
* There is also C++/CIL from Microsoft released with .Net 2 which deprecated Managed C++ with more .Net centric features.
* Sun Provided libgc as garbage collector for C/C++. | I have a different take on GC under C++.
Have a look at [MCP](http://managedcpp.sourceforge.net) (open source license GPLv3) -- GC with C++ should not have to be any worse than GJC / Mono. |
95,899 | I would like to make a circuit with one lever input and two outputs. When the user flips the lever, I would like for the one output that's ON to immediately turn OFF, while the other output which is OFF takes a second or two to turn ON. Both outputs should behave the same way such that when the lever is flipped again, the exact same thing happens, but with the outputs swapped. I'm currently accomplishing this with two AND gates like so:
But I'm looking for a much more compact way of doing it. Any thoughts? | 2012/12/12 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/95899",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/38288/"
] | 
This is a very compact solution. The torches on the right are the two outputs. | I made a 3x5 one. It is extremely compact and effective. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fbeX3.png) |
95,899 | I would like to make a circuit with one lever input and two outputs. When the user flips the lever, I would like for the one output that's ON to immediately turn OFF, while the other output which is OFF takes a second or two to turn ON. Both outputs should behave the same way such that when the lever is flipped again, the exact same thing happens, but with the outputs swapped. I'm currently accomplishing this with two AND gates like so:
But I'm looking for a much more compact way of doing it. Any thoughts? | 2012/12/12 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/95899",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/38288/"
] | 
This is a very compact solution. The torches on the right are the two outputs. | [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/6JSlO.jpg)
I like your design, but when tried it out, I made my own, more compact version. You might even be able to make it more compact by shortening the length of the redstone leading up to the outputs, and moving the outputs back one block. |
95,899 | I would like to make a circuit with one lever input and two outputs. When the user flips the lever, I would like for the one output that's ON to immediately turn OFF, while the other output which is OFF takes a second or two to turn ON. Both outputs should behave the same way such that when the lever is flipped again, the exact same thing happens, but with the outputs swapped. I'm currently accomplishing this with two AND gates like so:
But I'm looking for a much more compact way of doing it. Any thoughts? | 2012/12/12 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/95899",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/38288/"
] | 
This is a very compact solution. The torches on the right are the two outputs. | [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/iGgBJ.png)
I made this Delayed ON-Instant OFF thing using an AND Gate with one side delayed. I'm answering this now because I was searching for this and ended up here. So I made my own solution for those who may get here as well |
95,899 | I would like to make a circuit with one lever input and two outputs. When the user flips the lever, I would like for the one output that's ON to immediately turn OFF, while the other output which is OFF takes a second or two to turn ON. Both outputs should behave the same way such that when the lever is flipped again, the exact same thing happens, but with the outputs swapped. I'm currently accomplishing this with two AND gates like so:
But I'm looking for a much more compact way of doing it. Any thoughts? | 2012/12/12 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/95899",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/38288/"
] | [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/6JSlO.jpg)
I like your design, but when tried it out, I made my own, more compact version. You might even be able to make it more compact by shortening the length of the redstone leading up to the outputs, and moving the outputs back one block. | I made a 3x5 one. It is extremely compact and effective. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fbeX3.png) |
95,899 | I would like to make a circuit with one lever input and two outputs. When the user flips the lever, I would like for the one output that's ON to immediately turn OFF, while the other output which is OFF takes a second or two to turn ON. Both outputs should behave the same way such that when the lever is flipped again, the exact same thing happens, but with the outputs swapped. I'm currently accomplishing this with two AND gates like so:
But I'm looking for a much more compact way of doing it. Any thoughts? | 2012/12/12 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/95899",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/38288/"
] | [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/iGgBJ.png)
I made this Delayed ON-Instant OFF thing using an AND Gate with one side delayed. I'm answering this now because I was searching for this and ended up here. So I made my own solution for those who may get here as well | I made a 3x5 one. It is extremely compact and effective. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fbeX3.png) |
95,899 | I would like to make a circuit with one lever input and two outputs. When the user flips the lever, I would like for the one output that's ON to immediately turn OFF, while the other output which is OFF takes a second or two to turn ON. Both outputs should behave the same way such that when the lever is flipped again, the exact same thing happens, but with the outputs swapped. I'm currently accomplishing this with two AND gates like so:
But I'm looking for a much more compact way of doing it. Any thoughts? | 2012/12/12 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/95899",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/38288/"
] | [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/6JSlO.jpg)
I like your design, but when tried it out, I made my own, more compact version. You might even be able to make it more compact by shortening the length of the redstone leading up to the outputs, and moving the outputs back one block. | [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/iGgBJ.png)
I made this Delayed ON-Instant OFF thing using an AND Gate with one side delayed. I'm answering this now because I was searching for this and ended up here. So I made my own solution for those who may get here as well |
3,252,929 | I have an application that uses hibernate and JPA to handle the database. I know that hibernate can create the database tables for me, however, I've found that I must first create the database files and the database user account before hibernate can create the tables. Is there a way for hibernate to do create the database and user account for me? | 2010/07/15 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3252929",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/299014/"
] | Unfortunately not.
For one, Hibernate/JPA relies on the persistence.xml and specifically the JDBC connection URL required -- which contain the name and user of your database.
Hibernate/JPA are ORM frameworks: Object Relational mapping frameworks designed to map Java code to database objects. | What are your reasons for wanting this? I can only think for testing purposes, in that case you can use an in memory database (such as HSQLDB). |
3,252,929 | I have an application that uses hibernate and JPA to handle the database. I know that hibernate can create the database tables for me, however, I've found that I must first create the database files and the database user account before hibernate can create the tables. Is there a way for hibernate to do create the database and user account for me? | 2010/07/15 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3252929",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/299014/"
] | If this was possible, it would mean that an external process can create accounts, databases and tables in the database without any access rights. I think we don't want this. | What are your reasons for wanting this? I can only think for testing purposes, in that case you can use an in memory database (such as HSQLDB). |
9,868,941 | When a user logs in based on default Forms Authentication method, the server creates a cookie containing encrypted data (using Machine Key as key for encryption).
It means that if someone find/guess/access Machine Key for the server, he will be logged in to the web application.
I've developed some applications which are on 4 servers. So, I hard-coded the same Machine Key for all the servers in machine.config and I can't use Auto Generate mode.
1. Is it possible to brute force the Machine Key?
2. Is there any other methods? (I don't want to use Windows and Passport)
3. And is Forms Authentication Ticket safe enough? (i.e. acceptable for e-banking applications) | 2012/03/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/9868941",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1990514/"
] | ASP.NET forms authentication tickets are encrypted using the Rijndael algorithm. Rijndael was created as a replacement for DES (Data Encryption Standard) which offered unlimited ways to encrypt data and was also susceptible to brute force attacks. A number of DES Challenge were organised in the late 90's by RSA Security to challenge teams to crack DES in order to highlight its inherent vulnerabilities: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DES_Challenges>
By comparison Rijndael (also known as Advanced Encryption Standard AES) uses longer keys - 256bits and a double encrption algorithm. To crack a 256 bit Rijndael key (such as the ASP.NET machine key) would require 2^200 operations (about 10^60 - ten with 60 zeros), near impossible to brute force crack. Combine that with the fact that the ASP.NET ticket changes regularly, and when decrypted basically looks like a random string of letters and numbers (so impossible to determine if what you've brute force decrypted is correct or not) you can rest assured nobody will be cracking your forms authentication cookie any time soon.
More info about Rijndael and its possible attacks here:
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard#Known_attacks> | The first rule of encryption is that the message is only as secure as the key. If someone has access to your key there is no method secure enough.
1. I doubt it is possible to brute-force the Machine Key in any reasonable time.
2. I believe Fomrs Authentication is the only true web solution that comes out of the box in ASP.NET. You can implement your own but I doubt it will be more secure.
3. Safe enough for what? It is hijackable by a man in the middle in non-encrypted connection and vulnerable to XSRF attacks if you turn off event validation (in Web Forms) or don't use the security tokens (MVC). Otherwise it is secure safe for exploits that are discovered and fixed all the time in all technologies. |
56,327 | I unfortunately ended up in situation where I tried to make crepes in a regular pan - needless to say, I was unprepared and it didn't end up well (they would get stuck to the pan and burn)
I tried using both butter and (canola) oil in the pan to avoid sticking, and in varying quantities, cleaning the pan after each failed attempt (so there isn't any burnt stuff from the previous attempt to cause issues), and varying the amount of milk/flour in the batter
Was there something else I should have tried, or was it a hopeless endeavor to being with? | 2015/04/03 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/56327",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/28917/"
] | Crepes were made long before teflon was invented.
I use a quality steel pan and non stick spray. I reapply the spray every 3rd or 4th crepe to avoid sticking.
Everything else is temperature control. If your temps are too high then the crepes will toast and burn before they set on top. If the temp is too low then they are more prone to sticking. It takes some trial and error and the first few are usually wrong- I eat those.
The temperature is always very low though- between low and medium-low on my stove. | the only little "trick" beside temperature control is in my experience to keep the batter a little more liquid, after all you can fry an egg in an oiled pan what sticks is the flour, so i used less of it and it worked. And i did have a good thick cast iron pan which makes it easier with the temperature i think, if you use a thin alluminium pan on gas fire i guess it'd be a real challenge. |
56,327 | I unfortunately ended up in situation where I tried to make crepes in a regular pan - needless to say, I was unprepared and it didn't end up well (they would get stuck to the pan and burn)
I tried using both butter and (canola) oil in the pan to avoid sticking, and in varying quantities, cleaning the pan after each failed attempt (so there isn't any burnt stuff from the previous attempt to cause issues), and varying the amount of milk/flour in the batter
Was there something else I should have tried, or was it a hopeless endeavor to being with? | 2015/04/03 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/56327",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/28917/"
] | Crepes were made long before teflon was invented.
I use a quality steel pan and non stick spray. I reapply the spray every 3rd or 4th crepe to avoid sticking.
Everything else is temperature control. If your temps are too high then the crepes will toast and burn before they set on top. If the temp is too low then they are more prone to sticking. It takes some trial and error and the first few are usually wrong- I eat those.
The temperature is always very low though- between low and medium-low on my stove. | Please try the South Indian method of making Dosai/Dosa. You can use any type of Griddle such as non-stick, cast iron, stainless steel or even Hard Anodised. The trick lies in treating the griddle with oil and regulating the heat underneath.
Take half Tsp of oil on a paper tissue/napkin, apply a thin layer of oil by rubbing/applying the oily tissue on the warm griddle. Now adjust the heat to medium high, sprinkle some water on the hot griddle, if the water evaporates instantly, it means that the griddle is hot. Now reduce the heat of the stove/ heater and pour the batter for the Crepe ( of any type/mix), it will never stick. |
56,327 | I unfortunately ended up in situation where I tried to make crepes in a regular pan - needless to say, I was unprepared and it didn't end up well (they would get stuck to the pan and burn)
I tried using both butter and (canola) oil in the pan to avoid sticking, and in varying quantities, cleaning the pan after each failed attempt (so there isn't any burnt stuff from the previous attempt to cause issues), and varying the amount of milk/flour in the batter
Was there something else I should have tried, or was it a hopeless endeavor to being with? | 2015/04/03 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/56327",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/28917/"
] | Crepes were made long before teflon was invented.
I use a quality steel pan and non stick spray. I reapply the spray every 3rd or 4th crepe to avoid sticking.
Everything else is temperature control. If your temps are too high then the crepes will toast and burn before they set on top. If the temp is too low then they are more prone to sticking. It takes some trial and error and the first few are usually wrong- I eat those.
The temperature is always very low though- between low and medium-low on my stove. | Most professional crepe makers are cast iron and NOT coated with a non-stick material. You have to 'season' them before use. You might have to season them again in the future, depending on how frequently you use it and how you use it.
If your pan is an cast iron (I'd never to this to different material), you could try seasoning it. Seasoning means something like "burning mutiple thin layers of oil on your pan".
Note though that Krampouz crepe pans have fine ridges in them which probably help keep the seasoning layer in place.
Here's how Krampouz recommends seasoning their cast iron crepe pans:
(from [here](https://www.krampouz.com/en/index.php?controller=attachment&id_attachment=189), page 11):
>
> Caution: this operation (lasting 1 to 1 ½ hour) is necessary when
> griddles are new Use frying oil without other ingredient. For
> successful seasoning:
>
>
> * Plug the power supply cable
> * Switch on the appliance
> * Heat the appliance in heated to 270°C. Your appliance reaches the required temperature when the orange indicator light goes out. Keep
> the appliance at this temperature for the duration of seasoning.
> * Pour the equivalent of a tablespoon of cooking of frying oil into the centre of the griddle. Using a wiper pads ATG1 or ATG8 Krampouz
> spread this oil evenly, and then let it cook for 5 to 10 minutes so
> that the griddle becomes burnished and completely dry.
> * Repeat previous operation eight times, decreasing the amount of oil used each time, but carefully respecting the 5 to 10 minutes cooking
> time for each layer of oil. A well-seasoned griddle is chestnut
> coloured (dark brown) and has a shine.
>
>
>
The wiper pad mentioned is just a pad with something resembling a siff filt on the end for spreading oil.
Even though the pan is seasoned, you still a thin coat of oil for your first crepe, and then less or none for your next ones, depending on your batter.
Do it in a very well ventilated area or outside, it smokes like hell. |
56,327 | I unfortunately ended up in situation where I tried to make crepes in a regular pan - needless to say, I was unprepared and it didn't end up well (they would get stuck to the pan and burn)
I tried using both butter and (canola) oil in the pan to avoid sticking, and in varying quantities, cleaning the pan after each failed attempt (so there isn't any burnt stuff from the previous attempt to cause issues), and varying the amount of milk/flour in the batter
Was there something else I should have tried, or was it a hopeless endeavor to being with? | 2015/04/03 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/56327",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/28917/"
] | Crepes were made long before teflon was invented.
I use a quality steel pan and non stick spray. I reapply the spray every 3rd or 4th crepe to avoid sticking.
Everything else is temperature control. If your temps are too high then the crepes will toast and burn before they set on top. If the temp is too low then they are more prone to sticking. It takes some trial and error and the first few are usually wrong- I eat those.
The temperature is always very low though- between low and medium-low on my stove. | I use a properly cleaned and seasoned cast-iron skillet, with just a little butter. Use a high heat and a thin crepe batter; a pastry spatula works well to loosen for the flip. |
56,327 | I unfortunately ended up in situation where I tried to make crepes in a regular pan - needless to say, I was unprepared and it didn't end up well (they would get stuck to the pan and burn)
I tried using both butter and (canola) oil in the pan to avoid sticking, and in varying quantities, cleaning the pan after each failed attempt (so there isn't any burnt stuff from the previous attempt to cause issues), and varying the amount of milk/flour in the batter
Was there something else I should have tried, or was it a hopeless endeavor to being with? | 2015/04/03 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/56327",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/28917/"
] | Please try the South Indian method of making Dosai/Dosa. You can use any type of Griddle such as non-stick, cast iron, stainless steel or even Hard Anodised. The trick lies in treating the griddle with oil and regulating the heat underneath.
Take half Tsp of oil on a paper tissue/napkin, apply a thin layer of oil by rubbing/applying the oily tissue on the warm griddle. Now adjust the heat to medium high, sprinkle some water on the hot griddle, if the water evaporates instantly, it means that the griddle is hot. Now reduce the heat of the stove/ heater and pour the batter for the Crepe ( of any type/mix), it will never stick. | the only little "trick" beside temperature control is in my experience to keep the batter a little more liquid, after all you can fry an egg in an oiled pan what sticks is the flour, so i used less of it and it worked. And i did have a good thick cast iron pan which makes it easier with the temperature i think, if you use a thin alluminium pan on gas fire i guess it'd be a real challenge. |
56,327 | I unfortunately ended up in situation where I tried to make crepes in a regular pan - needless to say, I was unprepared and it didn't end up well (they would get stuck to the pan and burn)
I tried using both butter and (canola) oil in the pan to avoid sticking, and in varying quantities, cleaning the pan after each failed attempt (so there isn't any burnt stuff from the previous attempt to cause issues), and varying the amount of milk/flour in the batter
Was there something else I should have tried, or was it a hopeless endeavor to being with? | 2015/04/03 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/56327",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/28917/"
] | Most professional crepe makers are cast iron and NOT coated with a non-stick material. You have to 'season' them before use. You might have to season them again in the future, depending on how frequently you use it and how you use it.
If your pan is an cast iron (I'd never to this to different material), you could try seasoning it. Seasoning means something like "burning mutiple thin layers of oil on your pan".
Note though that Krampouz crepe pans have fine ridges in them which probably help keep the seasoning layer in place.
Here's how Krampouz recommends seasoning their cast iron crepe pans:
(from [here](https://www.krampouz.com/en/index.php?controller=attachment&id_attachment=189), page 11):
>
> Caution: this operation (lasting 1 to 1 ½ hour) is necessary when
> griddles are new Use frying oil without other ingredient. For
> successful seasoning:
>
>
> * Plug the power supply cable
> * Switch on the appliance
> * Heat the appliance in heated to 270°C. Your appliance reaches the required temperature when the orange indicator light goes out. Keep
> the appliance at this temperature for the duration of seasoning.
> * Pour the equivalent of a tablespoon of cooking of frying oil into the centre of the griddle. Using a wiper pads ATG1 or ATG8 Krampouz
> spread this oil evenly, and then let it cook for 5 to 10 minutes so
> that the griddle becomes burnished and completely dry.
> * Repeat previous operation eight times, decreasing the amount of oil used each time, but carefully respecting the 5 to 10 minutes cooking
> time for each layer of oil. A well-seasoned griddle is chestnut
> coloured (dark brown) and has a shine.
>
>
>
The wiper pad mentioned is just a pad with something resembling a siff filt on the end for spreading oil.
Even though the pan is seasoned, you still a thin coat of oil for your first crepe, and then less or none for your next ones, depending on your batter.
Do it in a very well ventilated area or outside, it smokes like hell. | the only little "trick" beside temperature control is in my experience to keep the batter a little more liquid, after all you can fry an egg in an oiled pan what sticks is the flour, so i used less of it and it worked. And i did have a good thick cast iron pan which makes it easier with the temperature i think, if you use a thin alluminium pan on gas fire i guess it'd be a real challenge. |
56,327 | I unfortunately ended up in situation where I tried to make crepes in a regular pan - needless to say, I was unprepared and it didn't end up well (they would get stuck to the pan and burn)
I tried using both butter and (canola) oil in the pan to avoid sticking, and in varying quantities, cleaning the pan after each failed attempt (so there isn't any burnt stuff from the previous attempt to cause issues), and varying the amount of milk/flour in the batter
Was there something else I should have tried, or was it a hopeless endeavor to being with? | 2015/04/03 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/56327",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/28917/"
] | the only little "trick" beside temperature control is in my experience to keep the batter a little more liquid, after all you can fry an egg in an oiled pan what sticks is the flour, so i used less of it and it worked. And i did have a good thick cast iron pan which makes it easier with the temperature i think, if you use a thin alluminium pan on gas fire i guess it'd be a real challenge. | I use a properly cleaned and seasoned cast-iron skillet, with just a little butter. Use a high heat and a thin crepe batter; a pastry spatula works well to loosen for the flip. |
56,327 | I unfortunately ended up in situation where I tried to make crepes in a regular pan - needless to say, I was unprepared and it didn't end up well (they would get stuck to the pan and burn)
I tried using both butter and (canola) oil in the pan to avoid sticking, and in varying quantities, cleaning the pan after each failed attempt (so there isn't any burnt stuff from the previous attempt to cause issues), and varying the amount of milk/flour in the batter
Was there something else I should have tried, or was it a hopeless endeavor to being with? | 2015/04/03 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/56327",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/28917/"
] | Please try the South Indian method of making Dosai/Dosa. You can use any type of Griddle such as non-stick, cast iron, stainless steel or even Hard Anodised. The trick lies in treating the griddle with oil and regulating the heat underneath.
Take half Tsp of oil on a paper tissue/napkin, apply a thin layer of oil by rubbing/applying the oily tissue on the warm griddle. Now adjust the heat to medium high, sprinkle some water on the hot griddle, if the water evaporates instantly, it means that the griddle is hot. Now reduce the heat of the stove/ heater and pour the batter for the Crepe ( of any type/mix), it will never stick. | Most professional crepe makers are cast iron and NOT coated with a non-stick material. You have to 'season' them before use. You might have to season them again in the future, depending on how frequently you use it and how you use it.
If your pan is an cast iron (I'd never to this to different material), you could try seasoning it. Seasoning means something like "burning mutiple thin layers of oil on your pan".
Note though that Krampouz crepe pans have fine ridges in them which probably help keep the seasoning layer in place.
Here's how Krampouz recommends seasoning their cast iron crepe pans:
(from [here](https://www.krampouz.com/en/index.php?controller=attachment&id_attachment=189), page 11):
>
> Caution: this operation (lasting 1 to 1 ½ hour) is necessary when
> griddles are new Use frying oil without other ingredient. For
> successful seasoning:
>
>
> * Plug the power supply cable
> * Switch on the appliance
> * Heat the appliance in heated to 270°C. Your appliance reaches the required temperature when the orange indicator light goes out. Keep
> the appliance at this temperature for the duration of seasoning.
> * Pour the equivalent of a tablespoon of cooking of frying oil into the centre of the griddle. Using a wiper pads ATG1 or ATG8 Krampouz
> spread this oil evenly, and then let it cook for 5 to 10 minutes so
> that the griddle becomes burnished and completely dry.
> * Repeat previous operation eight times, decreasing the amount of oil used each time, but carefully respecting the 5 to 10 minutes cooking
> time for each layer of oil. A well-seasoned griddle is chestnut
> coloured (dark brown) and has a shine.
>
>
>
The wiper pad mentioned is just a pad with something resembling a siff filt on the end for spreading oil.
Even though the pan is seasoned, you still a thin coat of oil for your first crepe, and then less or none for your next ones, depending on your batter.
Do it in a very well ventilated area or outside, it smokes like hell. |
56,327 | I unfortunately ended up in situation where I tried to make crepes in a regular pan - needless to say, I was unprepared and it didn't end up well (they would get stuck to the pan and burn)
I tried using both butter and (canola) oil in the pan to avoid sticking, and in varying quantities, cleaning the pan after each failed attempt (so there isn't any burnt stuff from the previous attempt to cause issues), and varying the amount of milk/flour in the batter
Was there something else I should have tried, or was it a hopeless endeavor to being with? | 2015/04/03 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/56327",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/28917/"
] | Please try the South Indian method of making Dosai/Dosa. You can use any type of Griddle such as non-stick, cast iron, stainless steel or even Hard Anodised. The trick lies in treating the griddle with oil and regulating the heat underneath.
Take half Tsp of oil on a paper tissue/napkin, apply a thin layer of oil by rubbing/applying the oily tissue on the warm griddle. Now adjust the heat to medium high, sprinkle some water on the hot griddle, if the water evaporates instantly, it means that the griddle is hot. Now reduce the heat of the stove/ heater and pour the batter for the Crepe ( of any type/mix), it will never stick. | I use a properly cleaned and seasoned cast-iron skillet, with just a little butter. Use a high heat and a thin crepe batter; a pastry spatula works well to loosen for the flip. |
56,327 | I unfortunately ended up in situation where I tried to make crepes in a regular pan - needless to say, I was unprepared and it didn't end up well (they would get stuck to the pan and burn)
I tried using both butter and (canola) oil in the pan to avoid sticking, and in varying quantities, cleaning the pan after each failed attempt (so there isn't any burnt stuff from the previous attempt to cause issues), and varying the amount of milk/flour in the batter
Was there something else I should have tried, or was it a hopeless endeavor to being with? | 2015/04/03 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/56327",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/28917/"
] | Most professional crepe makers are cast iron and NOT coated with a non-stick material. You have to 'season' them before use. You might have to season them again in the future, depending on how frequently you use it and how you use it.
If your pan is an cast iron (I'd never to this to different material), you could try seasoning it. Seasoning means something like "burning mutiple thin layers of oil on your pan".
Note though that Krampouz crepe pans have fine ridges in them which probably help keep the seasoning layer in place.
Here's how Krampouz recommends seasoning their cast iron crepe pans:
(from [here](https://www.krampouz.com/en/index.php?controller=attachment&id_attachment=189), page 11):
>
> Caution: this operation (lasting 1 to 1 ½ hour) is necessary when
> griddles are new Use frying oil without other ingredient. For
> successful seasoning:
>
>
> * Plug the power supply cable
> * Switch on the appliance
> * Heat the appliance in heated to 270°C. Your appliance reaches the required temperature when the orange indicator light goes out. Keep
> the appliance at this temperature for the duration of seasoning.
> * Pour the equivalent of a tablespoon of cooking of frying oil into the centre of the griddle. Using a wiper pads ATG1 or ATG8 Krampouz
> spread this oil evenly, and then let it cook for 5 to 10 minutes so
> that the griddle becomes burnished and completely dry.
> * Repeat previous operation eight times, decreasing the amount of oil used each time, but carefully respecting the 5 to 10 minutes cooking
> time for each layer of oil. A well-seasoned griddle is chestnut
> coloured (dark brown) and has a shine.
>
>
>
The wiper pad mentioned is just a pad with something resembling a siff filt on the end for spreading oil.
Even though the pan is seasoned, you still a thin coat of oil for your first crepe, and then less or none for your next ones, depending on your batter.
Do it in a very well ventilated area or outside, it smokes like hell. | I use a properly cleaned and seasoned cast-iron skillet, with just a little butter. Use a high heat and a thin crepe batter; a pastry spatula works well to loosen for the flip. |
41,633 | Has the Brexit Party made any statement on its name as a movement, when Brexit is finally resolved?
It would be expected after several years that 'Brexit' will have lost meaning. I can't think of any party in history becoming established and named by a "short-term" issue and going on to having an entrenched long term support or platform to stand on. | 2019/05/23 | [
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/41633",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/users/26664/"
] | On December 8th 2019, Farage [said](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50704706) in an interview with Sky News that after the UK leaves the European Union (as occurred on the 31st January 2020), the Brexit Party would change its name to the 'Reform Party', and would campaign "for changes to the voting system and the abolition of the House of Lords".
In the same interview, he said that he had already registered the name. However, a [search](http://search.electoralcommission.org.uk/Search/Registrations?currentPage=1&rows=30&query=reform%20party&sort=ApprovedDate&order=desc&open=filter&et=pp&et=ppm®ister=gb®Status=registered®Status=deregistered®Status=lapsed&optCols=EntityStatusName) of the Electoral Commission records returns no trace of such a party having been registered by Farage or any of his associates. In addition, it does not appear to have been [rejected](https://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/who-we-are-and-what-we-do/party-registration-applications/party-registration-decisions), and is not listed in the record of [current applications](https://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/who-we-are-and-what-we-do/party-registration-applications/view-current-applications) either. A search of Companies House does return "[The Reform Party Limited](https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/SC649171)", but this company was registered after the interview, and none of the directors include Farage or any of his associates. In contrast, Farage is still a director of [The Brexit Party Limited](https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/11694875/officers).
So in conclusion, according to Nigel Farage, the new party will be called 'The Reform Party', and has already been registered. However it is unclear what Farage meant by 'registered', as neither Companies House nor the Electoral Commission seem to have any record of the registration.
**November 2020 Update:**
At the beginning of November, Brexit Party chairman Richard Tice along with leader Nigel Farage [published an article](https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/11/01/relaunching-brexit-party-fight-cruel-unnecessary-lockdown/) in the Telegraph, stating that they would seek to rename the party to "Reform UK". Details of the application are not yet available on the Electoral Commission's website, however, the Telegraph also [published comments](https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2020/11/01/exclusive-nigel-farage-relaunch-brexit-party-reform-uk-new-anti/) from the commission:
>
> On Sunday night a spokesman for the Electoral Commission said: "The
> Brexit Party has submitted an application to change its name to
> 'Reform UK'. If we are satisfied the application contains all of the
> information required by law, it will be published online. The
> application has yet to be assessed, this may take up to six weeks.
>
>
> "Applications to register a new political party name are subject to
> detailed assessment against the criteria set out in law. When we
> receive an application to register a new party name, the details of
> the new name are published online so members of the public can input
> their views."
>
>
>
**January 2021 Update:**
On January 4th, the Electoral Commission [approved](https://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/sites/default/files/2021-01/2021%20Party%20registration%20decisions-english%20version_0.pdf) The Brexit Party's application for the identity mark "Reform UK". This decision was published on the 6th, and comments from Farage were published by the [BBC](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-55566526):
>
> "This is great news and the perfect time in the New Year.
>
>
> "The need for reform is greater than ever as we try to recover from
> Covid.
>
>
> "We have a huge opportunity as a nation post-Brexit, but there are
> many areas of the UK that need real, bold reform: our economy, House
> of Lords, BBC, civil service, the voting system to mention a few."
>
>
> | On your chief assumption of the Brexit party becoming a major party:
* If Brexit does not happen, they keep the name until it does happen, or the topic loses steam politically.
* If there is some kind of deal that effectively only takes the UK out in name only, but leaves all of the legal ties and responsibilities in place, the party keeps its name until a complete and proper Brexit happens, or the topic loses steam politically.
* If there is a no-deal Brexit, the party either dissolves completely (job done) or changes its name to some kind of patriotic based title and carries on under a different guise with a heavily modified agenda.
This is all speculation ofcourse based on an uncertain assumption. |
20,606,438 | I have seen all the articles on web, but nothing seems to resolve my issue.
Someone plz help me out on this.
I am using *debug* mode, **VS 2010, .net 4 Framework**.
In project properties,
*CLR is on in general*
*CLR in on in C++->general*
*All **.cpp** files are having use (/yu) in precompiled hearder settings*
***stdafx.cpp*** has /yc (create) with **clr** on | 2013/12/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/20606438",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2362173/"
] | I had the some problem.
Validate that all the C++ files properties (right click on the file in the solution explorer and Properties) are mark with "Common Language RunTime Support" as "/clr" | This error occurs when another version of the compiler has created the PCH file or the PCH is corrupt. Try cleaning the solution or simply rebuilding. |
18,618 | We've got a fresh CentOS box and we need to enable nice urls / permalinks. We're running Apache with mod\_rewrite installed but I'm aware I need edit a few config files to get the basics up and running.
What are the steps and files that need to be changed in order to get it up and running? | 2009/06/03 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/18618",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/4985/"
] | I agree with David Pashley - this is a somewhat vague question.
However I'm going to take a guess from looking at the question tags that you're using Apache as your webserver. In which case you will want to explore Mod\_Rewrite <http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/mod/mod_rewrite.html> and modify either your Httpd.conf or .htaccess files to manipulate url rewrites.
If you're using Lighttpd you would want to look at <http://redmine.lighttpd.net/wiki/lighttpd/Docs:ModRewrite>
There are still a lot of 'ifs' in your question you might want to elaborate on. Some web frameworks will handle this for you (Rails, Django, CakePHP, etc.) | Just incase anyone else is looking for the answer simply edit
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Find the line
Change AllowOverride None to AllowOverride All
Restart, Win |
85 | **\*NOTE: This is *not* a 'which is better' question!\***
Wordpress and Joomla! are both awesome open-source CMSs.
What are the key differences
1) in the software architecture between Joomla! and Wordpress?
2) in the way in which extensions to the core (out-of-the-box) functionality are made? and
3) How the core and extensions are upgraded and updated? | 2014/04/22 | [
"https://joomla.stackexchange.com/questions/85",
"https://joomla.stackexchange.com",
"https://joomla.stackexchange.com/users/27/"
] | Both Wordpress and Joomla! are highly-regarded and each have there unique advantages when you compare them.
To answer your questions:
**in the software architecture between Joomla! and Wordpress**
* Joomla is *OOP* (object-oriented) and *MVC* (an object-oriented design pattern).
* Wordpress is written in Procedural code.
Procedural programming specifies the *steps* the program must take to reach the desired state, whereas *object-oriented programming* ("OOP") organizes programs into *objects* or *data-structures* and *methods* together with their interactions.
For simple programs, procedural code (think of a line-by-line sequence of commands) works great, but for large complex applications, procedural code can be harder to maintain - often resulting in what's called *spaghetti code* (i.e. when the line-by-line sequence of commands starts using many GOTOs, exceptions, threads or other branching constructs and it's flow becomes conceptually like a bowl of spaghetti). In other words, Procedural code starts off simple, but can become complex and tangled.
More complex applications can therefore be better structured with OOP and with MVC - a a more advanced style of programming that's much better suited to building really complex programs with a lot of moving parts.
Whereas procedural code may initially be easier to write and maintain for simple programs, OOP has advantages in that it can neatly pull together collections of variables (called 'properties' in OOP) functions (called 'methods' in OOP) into bundles - resulting in code that is tidier, easier to read, maintain and extend.
For most Wordpress applications (e.g. simple blogs), procedural code works perfectly well.
For more complex applications (e.g. those requiring user group permissions and those which use many integrate many extensions to extend features and functions), OOP is generally considered a much more elegant approach.
To sum up:
Worpress's software architecture (based on procedural code) has it's strengths in simplicity, but procedural code is not ideal for complex applications which robust extensibility.
Joomla!'s software architecture (OOP/MVC) may seem more complex, but when well-engineered, OOP/MVC actually makes it much simpler to extend an application's features and functions *and* to have all those extensions work together harmoniously.
If you want to understand the differences (at a basic beginner level), read [PHP Procedural vs PHP OO vs PHP MVC](http://blog.pehamraza.com/tech/php-procedural-vs-php-oo-vs-php-mvc/) by Peham Raza - he discusses the 'ins and outs' of each in way that makes it easy to better understand the benefits.
**in the way in which extensions to the core (out-of-the-box) functionality are made?**
* Joomla added features with Module,Component,Plugins
* WorPress uses plugin for it feature extending.
* Joomla is strict in its module , plugin or component creation(you cannot simply upload the files via FTP and just activate, you have to do it with Extension installer).
**How the core and extensions are upgraded and updated**
* Both are using almost same technique for the upgrade or updates.(They provide developers to create new features with extensions or template changes with override So basically no core files we need to edit on this situations so upgrade will improve their security patches and more.)
There is a saying Wordpress is not a CMS, but now days it is a CMS with all the features of Joomla and more.
WordPress is good for users that have less development knowledge, and Joomla for developers.
Hope its make sense. | I think to truly answer this question, you need to be extensively familiar with both WP and Joomla!. I'm Joomla! heavy and have only used WP a few times, so my answer may not be as full as you might hope.
WP is first and foremost, a blogging platform. It's set up for feeds of data. You have to go out of your way to move past the feed default to get a regular static Home page. It's not hard, it's just not default. If you know what you're doing, you can expand WP to move beyond the blogging platform, or if you download a template that has already done it for you.
Joomla is first and foremost, a CMS. It's built to hold a complete website, including blogging, straight from it's base core. Plugins help, they can get you a more customized experience for those who don't know how to create their own components and plugins. After all, why reinvent the wheel?
In my experience, WP is great for people who aren't developers, or who know just enough. Joomla on the other hand was built for developers, for people who want to create a fully customized front-end and back-end experience. I spent hours working in a WP template to force it to do what I wanted, which was frustrating when I'm used to building things the way I want them the first time with Joomla (we don't use templates - we have our own core Joomla that's stripped down to the basics and we build from the ground up).
If you pull up the FTP of WP and Joomla side by side, you can see how very different they are.
WP has this plugin area where you can search for plugins, choose and install. I believe you can also update from this same place. When you're in a plugin area, it will often tell you that an update is available.
Joomla uses Extension Manager where you can upload a downloaded plugin or component - I think there might be search functionality, but I honestly have never used it because I'm usually using JED to find what I need. This same area also offers you an update button where you can see all the available updates for what you have installed. Again, some components will tell you they have an update available, but not all of them.
The key difference I see is WP is made for users - they install a template, they can update, they can add, Joomla is made for developers, we do the installation, we do the updating, we build/add new features and functions. That's not to say it's not user friendly, but there are areas that I think are pushed out of the user's way because they are built for developers. |
85 | **\*NOTE: This is *not* a 'which is better' question!\***
Wordpress and Joomla! are both awesome open-source CMSs.
What are the key differences
1) in the software architecture between Joomla! and Wordpress?
2) in the way in which extensions to the core (out-of-the-box) functionality are made? and
3) How the core and extensions are upgraded and updated? | 2014/04/22 | [
"https://joomla.stackexchange.com/questions/85",
"https://joomla.stackexchange.com",
"https://joomla.stackexchange.com/users/27/"
] | I think to truly answer this question, you need to be extensively familiar with both WP and Joomla!. I'm Joomla! heavy and have only used WP a few times, so my answer may not be as full as you might hope.
WP is first and foremost, a blogging platform. It's set up for feeds of data. You have to go out of your way to move past the feed default to get a regular static Home page. It's not hard, it's just not default. If you know what you're doing, you can expand WP to move beyond the blogging platform, or if you download a template that has already done it for you.
Joomla is first and foremost, a CMS. It's built to hold a complete website, including blogging, straight from it's base core. Plugins help, they can get you a more customized experience for those who don't know how to create their own components and plugins. After all, why reinvent the wheel?
In my experience, WP is great for people who aren't developers, or who know just enough. Joomla on the other hand was built for developers, for people who want to create a fully customized front-end and back-end experience. I spent hours working in a WP template to force it to do what I wanted, which was frustrating when I'm used to building things the way I want them the first time with Joomla (we don't use templates - we have our own core Joomla that's stripped down to the basics and we build from the ground up).
If you pull up the FTP of WP and Joomla side by side, you can see how very different they are.
WP has this plugin area where you can search for plugins, choose and install. I believe you can also update from this same place. When you're in a plugin area, it will often tell you that an update is available.
Joomla uses Extension Manager where you can upload a downloaded plugin or component - I think there might be search functionality, but I honestly have never used it because I'm usually using JED to find what I need. This same area also offers you an update button where you can see all the available updates for what you have installed. Again, some components will tell you they have an update available, but not all of them.
The key difference I see is WP is made for users - they install a template, they can update, they can add, Joomla is made for developers, we do the installation, we do the updating, we build/add new features and functions. That's not to say it's not user friendly, but there are areas that I think are pushed out of the user's way because they are built for developers. | As you are talking about architecture, it does matter when you are building a portal or a complex website i.e. lots of inter-connected entities.
1. Joomla source code is object oriented.
2. Joomla code is very well divided i.e. applications, plugins, components.
3. Most of the design patterns are followed in Joomla, e.g. Factory, Decorator, Dependency Injection, etc.
As a C and C++ developer when I adopted joomla, I loved it as it uses same set of standards rather then functions spoiling the global namespace. |
85 | **\*NOTE: This is *not* a 'which is better' question!\***
Wordpress and Joomla! are both awesome open-source CMSs.
What are the key differences
1) in the software architecture between Joomla! and Wordpress?
2) in the way in which extensions to the core (out-of-the-box) functionality are made? and
3) How the core and extensions are upgraded and updated? | 2014/04/22 | [
"https://joomla.stackexchange.com/questions/85",
"https://joomla.stackexchange.com",
"https://joomla.stackexchange.com/users/27/"
] | Both Wordpress and Joomla! are highly-regarded and each have there unique advantages when you compare them.
To answer your questions:
**in the software architecture between Joomla! and Wordpress**
* Joomla is *OOP* (object-oriented) and *MVC* (an object-oriented design pattern).
* Wordpress is written in Procedural code.
Procedural programming specifies the *steps* the program must take to reach the desired state, whereas *object-oriented programming* ("OOP") organizes programs into *objects* or *data-structures* and *methods* together with their interactions.
For simple programs, procedural code (think of a line-by-line sequence of commands) works great, but for large complex applications, procedural code can be harder to maintain - often resulting in what's called *spaghetti code* (i.e. when the line-by-line sequence of commands starts using many GOTOs, exceptions, threads or other branching constructs and it's flow becomes conceptually like a bowl of spaghetti). In other words, Procedural code starts off simple, but can become complex and tangled.
More complex applications can therefore be better structured with OOP and with MVC - a a more advanced style of programming that's much better suited to building really complex programs with a lot of moving parts.
Whereas procedural code may initially be easier to write and maintain for simple programs, OOP has advantages in that it can neatly pull together collections of variables (called 'properties' in OOP) functions (called 'methods' in OOP) into bundles - resulting in code that is tidier, easier to read, maintain and extend.
For most Wordpress applications (e.g. simple blogs), procedural code works perfectly well.
For more complex applications (e.g. those requiring user group permissions and those which use many integrate many extensions to extend features and functions), OOP is generally considered a much more elegant approach.
To sum up:
Worpress's software architecture (based on procedural code) has it's strengths in simplicity, but procedural code is not ideal for complex applications which robust extensibility.
Joomla!'s software architecture (OOP/MVC) may seem more complex, but when well-engineered, OOP/MVC actually makes it much simpler to extend an application's features and functions *and* to have all those extensions work together harmoniously.
If you want to understand the differences (at a basic beginner level), read [PHP Procedural vs PHP OO vs PHP MVC](http://blog.pehamraza.com/tech/php-procedural-vs-php-oo-vs-php-mvc/) by Peham Raza - he discusses the 'ins and outs' of each in way that makes it easy to better understand the benefits.
**in the way in which extensions to the core (out-of-the-box) functionality are made?**
* Joomla added features with Module,Component,Plugins
* WorPress uses plugin for it feature extending.
* Joomla is strict in its module , plugin or component creation(you cannot simply upload the files via FTP and just activate, you have to do it with Extension installer).
**How the core and extensions are upgraded and updated**
* Both are using almost same technique for the upgrade or updates.(They provide developers to create new features with extensions or template changes with override So basically no core files we need to edit on this situations so upgrade will improve their security patches and more.)
There is a saying Wordpress is not a CMS, but now days it is a CMS with all the features of Joomla and more.
WordPress is good for users that have less development knowledge, and Joomla for developers.
Hope its make sense. | As you are talking about architecture, it does matter when you are building a portal or a complex website i.e. lots of inter-connected entities.
1. Joomla source code is object oriented.
2. Joomla code is very well divided i.e. applications, plugins, components.
3. Most of the design patterns are followed in Joomla, e.g. Factory, Decorator, Dependency Injection, etc.
As a C and C++ developer when I adopted joomla, I loved it as it uses same set of standards rather then functions spoiling the global namespace. |
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