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Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What is the advantage of AAV vector?
{ "answer_start": [ 13644 ], "text": [ "Like rAd vectors, rAAV have broad tropism infecting a variety of hosts, tissues, and proliferating and non-proliferating cell types " ] }
false
1,560
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What is the advantage of the AAV vector?
{ "answer_start": [ 14200 ], "text": [ " The wild type viruses are non-pathogenic and replication incompetent in humans and the recombinant AAV vector systems are even further attenuated " ] }
false
1,561
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What is the advantage of AAV vector?
{ "answer_start": [ 14354 ], "text": [ "As members of the parvovirus family, AAVs are small non-enveloped viruses that are stable and amenable to long-term storage without a cold chain." ] }
false
1,562
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What is the advantage of AAV vector?
{ "answer_start": [ 14500 ], "text": [ "While there is limited preexisting immunity, availability of non-human strains as vaccine candidates eliminates these concerns." ] }
false
1,563
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
Has AAV been studied as vectors for influenza?
{ "answer_start": [ 14703 ], "text": [ "There are limited studies " ] }
false
1,564
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What are alphaviruses?
{ "answer_start": [ 16320 ], "text": [ "positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses of the Togaviridae family" ] }
false
1,565
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What are some alphavirus vectors that have been developed?
{ "answer_start": [ 16467 ], "text": [ "Semliki Forest virus (SFV), Sindbis (SIN) virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus, as well as chimeric viruses incorporating portions of SIN and VEE viruses" ] }
false
1,566
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
How do the alphavirus vectors work?
{ "answer_start": [ 16634 ], "text": [ " The replication defective vaccines or replicons do not encode viral structural proteins, having these portions of the genome replaces with transgenic material." ] }
false
1,567
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
How do the alphavirus vectors work?
{ "answer_start": [ 16796 ], "text": [ "The structural proteins are provided in cell culture production systems." ] }
false
1,568
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What is an important feature of the replicon system?
{ "answer_start": [ 16918 ], "text": [ "the self-replicating nature of the RNA. Despite the partial viral genome, the RNAs are self-replicating and can express transgenes at very high levels" ] }
false
1,569
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
How did the VEE based replicon system incorporating HA from PR8perform?
{ "answer_start": [ 17247 ], "text": [ "demonstrated to induce potent HA-specific immune response and protected from challenge in a murine model, despite repeated immunization with the vector expressing a control antigen, suggesting preexisting immunity may not be an issue for the replicon vaccine" ] }
false
1,570
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
Why is the VEE replicon system particularly appealing?
{ "answer_start": [ 18262 ], "text": [ "the VEE targets antigen-presenting cells in the lymphatic tissues, priming rapid and robust immune responses" ] }
false
1,571
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What is the advantage of the VEE replicon system?
{ "answer_start": [ 18378 ], "text": [ "VEE replicon systems can induce robust mucosal immune responses through intranasal or subcutaneous immunization [72] [73] [74] , and subcutaneous immunization with virus-like replicon particles (VRP) expressing HA-induced antigen-specific systemic IgG and fecal IgA ...
false
1,572
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What were the VRPs derived from VEE developed for?
{ "answer_start": [ 18710 ], "text": [ "as candidate vaccines for cytomegalovirus (CMV)" ] }
false
1,573
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What did the clinical trial with CMV VRP show?
{ "answer_start": [ 18812 ], "text": [ "vaccine was immunogenic, inducing CMV-neutralizing antibody responses and potent T cell responses. Moreover, the vaccine was well tolerated and considered safe " ] }
false
1,574
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What did the clinical trial with VRP show?
{ "answer_start": [ 19091 ], "text": [ "vaccine was safe and despite high vector-specific immunity after initial immunization, continued to boost transgene-specific immune responses upon boost " ] }
false
1,575
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
Which baculovirus vaccine has been approved for human use?
{ "answer_start": [ 19506 ], "text": [ "baculovirus-derived recombinant HA vaccine was approved for human use and was first available for use in the United States for the 2013-2014 influenza season" ] }
false
1,576
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What is the advantage of baculoviruses?
{ "answer_start": [ 19888 ], "text": [ "readily manipulated" ] }
false
1,577
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What is the advantage of baculovirus vectors?
{ "answer_start": [ 19909 ], "text": [ "The vectors can accommodate large gene insertions, show limited cytopathic effect in mammalian cells, and have been shown to infect and express genes of interest in a spectrum of mammalian cells" ] }
false
1,578
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
How can baculovirus vectors be improved?
{ "answer_start": [ 20111 ], "text": [ "While the insect promoters are not effective for mammalian gene expression, appropriate promoters can be cloned into the baculovirus vaccine vectors." ] }
false
1,580
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
what baculovirus vector based immunization provided protection from lethal challenge?
{ "answer_start": [ 20639 ], "text": [ "only intranasal immunization" ] }
false
1,581
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What was the benefit of the robust innate immune response to baculovirus vector?
{ "answer_start": [ 20884 ], "text": [ " non-specific protection from subsequent influenza virus infection" ] }
false
1,582
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What is the Newcastle disease virus?
{ "answer_start": [ 22733 ], "text": [ "a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus that causes disease in poultry. " ] }
false
1,583
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What are the appealing qualities of the NDV vector?
{ "answer_start": [ 22870 ], "text": [ "As an avian virus, there is little or no preexisting immunity to NDV in humans and NDV propagates to high titers in both chicken eggs and cell culture. " ] }
false
1,584
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What is the appealing quality of the NDV vector?
{ "answer_start": [ 23022 ], "text": [ "As a paramyxovirus, there is no DNA phase in the virus lifecycle reducing concerns of integration events, and the levels of gene expression are driven by the proximity to the leader sequence at the 3' end of the viral genome. This gradient of gene expression enables...
false
1,585
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What is the appealing quality of the NDV vector?
{ "answer_start": [ 23396 ], "text": [ "pathogenicity of NDV is largely determined by features of the fusion protein enabling ready attenuation of the vaccine vector" ] }
false
1,586
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What did the first report on the NDV vector test conclude?
{ "answer_start": [ 24174 ], "text": [ "it induced a robust serum antibody response and protected against homologous influenza virus challenge in a murine model of infection " ] }
false
1,587
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What is the added protection of NDV vector?
{ "answer_start": [ 24545 ], "text": [ "providing protection against both the influenza virus and NDV infection." ] }
false
1,588
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What have the limited NDV human trails shown?
{ "answer_start": [ 25083 ], "text": [ "the NDV vector is well-tolerated, even at high doses delivered intravenously " ] }
false
1,589
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What are the attractive features of the PIV5 vector?
{ "answer_start": [ 25629 ], "text": [ " PIV5 has a stable RNA genome and no DNA phase in virus replication cycle reducing concerns of host genome integration or modification. PIV5 can be grown to very high titers in mammalian vaccine cell culture substrates and is not cytopathic allowing for extended cul...
false
1,590
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What was the result of the test of efficacy of PIV5 in murine challenge?
{ "answer_start": [ 27081 ], "text": [ "Mice intranasally vaccinated with a single dose of PIV5-H5 vaccine had robust serum and mucosal antibody responses, and were protected from lethal challenge. Notably, although cellular immune responses appeared to contribute to protection, serum antibody was suffici...
false
1,636
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What opportunity has the termination of smallpox vaccination provided?
{ "answer_start": [ 28943 ], "text": [ "has resulted in a large population of poxvirus-naï ve individuals that provides the opportunity for the use of poxviruses as vectors without preexisting immunity concerns " ] }
false
1,637
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What vaccinia vectors were created to address safety concerns?
{ "answer_start": [ 29857 ], "text": [ "The modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) strain was attenuated by passage 530 times in chick embryo fibroblasts cultures. The second, New York vaccinia virus (NYVAC) was a plaque-purified clone of the Copenhagen vaccine strain rationally attenuated by deletion of 18...
false
1,638
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
How safe is MVA?
{ "answer_start": [ 31858 ], "text": [ "MVA has undergone extensive safety testing and shown to be attenuated in severely immunocompromised animals and safe for use in children, adults, elderly, and immunocompromised persons. With extensive pre-clinical data, recombinant MVA vaccines expressing influenza ...
false
1,639
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What is the status of MVA influenza vaccine?
{ "answer_start": [ 32247 ], "text": [ "results combined with data from other (non-influenza) clinical and pre-clinical studies support MVA as a leading viral-vectored candidate vaccine." ] }
false
1,640
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What is NYVAC?
{ "answer_start": [ 32395 ], "text": [ "The NYVAC vector is a highly attenuated vaccinia virus strain. NYVAC is replication-restricted" ] }
false
1,642
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
How is NYVAC grown?
{ "answer_start": [ 32509 ], "text": [ "in chick embryo fibroblasts and Vero cells enabling vaccine-scale production. In non-permissive cells, critical late structural proteins are not produced stopping replication at the immature virion stage " ] }
false
1,643
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
How safe is NYVAC?
{ "answer_start": [ 32720 ], "text": [ " NYVAC is very attenuated and considered safe for use in humans of all ages" ] }
false
1,644
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What would limit the use of poxvirus vectored vaccines?
{ "answer_start": [ 33773 ], "text": [ "current influenza vaccination strategies rely upon regular immunization with vaccines matched to circulating strains" ] }
false
1,645
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
what is the advantage of the NYVAC as an influenza virus?
{ "answer_start": [ 34111 ], "text": [ "immunization with this vector induces weaker vaccine-specific immune responses compared to other poxvirus vaccines, a feature that may address the concerns surrounding preexisting immunity " ] }
false
1,646
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
Where is poxvirus vaccine being used?
{ "answer_start": [ 34414 ], "text": [ " licensed poxvirus for veterinary use that include fowlpox-and canarypox-vectored vaccines for avian and equine influenza viruses, respectively " ] }
false
1,647
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What have the studies on NP shown for the protection against influenza challege?
{ "answer_start": [ 39054 ], "text": [ " immunization with NP expressed by AAV, rAd5, alphavirus vectors, MVA, or other vector systems induces potent CD8 + T cell responses " ] }
false
1,648
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What is the goal of vaccine?
{ "answer_start": [ 41133 ], "text": [ "protect against infection and disease, while inducing population-based immunity to reduce or eliminate virus transmission within the population" ] }
false
1,649
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What has enabled the development of one size fits all vaccine?
{ "answer_start": [ 41639 ], "text": [ " recent ability to probe the virus-host interface through RNA interference approaches that facilitate the identification of host genes affecting virus replication, immunity, and disease." ] }
false
1,650
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
Why is a revision of current vaccines is needed?
{ "answer_start": [ 41899 ], "text": [ "strategies for at-risk populations, particularly those at either end of the age spectrum" ] }
false
1,651
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What is an example of an improved vaccine regime?
{ "answer_start": [ 42055 ], "text": [ "a vectored influenza virus vaccine that expresses the HA, NA and M and/or NP proteins for the two currently circulating influenza A subtypes and both influenza B strains so that vaccine take and vaccine antigen levels are not an issue in inducing protective immunity...
false
1,652
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What can provide an improved vaccine regime?
{ "answer_start": [ 42323 ], "text": [ "Recombinant live-attenuated or replication-deficient influenza viruses" ] }
false
1,653
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What features can be created for creating vectored vaccines?
{ "answer_start": [ 42497 ], "text": [ "full-length influenza virus proteins, as well as generate conformationally restricted epitopes, features critical in generating appropriate humoral protection." ] }
false
1,654
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
How can sustained immunity be generated?
{ "answer_start": [ 42835 ], "text": [ "induce immunity at sites of inductive immunity to natural infection, in this case the respiratory tract" ] }
false
1,655
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What is the advantage of vectored vaccines?
{ "answer_start": [ 43025 ], "text": [ "generate antigen for weeks after immunization, in contrast to subunit vaccination. This increased presence and level of vaccine antigen contributes to and helps sustain a durable memory immune response, even augmenting the selection of higher affinity antibody secre...
false
1,656
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4147686/ SHA: f6d2afb2ec44d8656972ea79f8a833143bbeb42b Authors: Tripp, Ralph A.; Tompkins, S. Mark Date: 2014-08-07 DOI: 10.3390/v6083055 License: cc-by Abstract: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been lic...
What is the enhanced memory immune response linked to?
{ "answer_start": [ 43357 ], "text": [ "intrinsic augmentation of immunity induced by the vector." ] }
false
5,128
Nucleolar Protein Trafficking in Response to HIV-1 Tat: Rewiring the Nucleolus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499507/ SHA: efa871aeaf22cbd0ce30e8bd1cb3d1afff2a98f9 Authors: Jarboui, Mohamed Ali; Bidoia, Carlo; Woods, Elena; Roe, Barbara; Wynne, Kieran; Elia, Giuliano; Hall, William W.; Gautier, Virgin...
What cellular process is the Tat protein essential to?
{ "answer_start": [ 479 ], "text": [ "HIV-1 replication" ] }
false
5,129
Nucleolar Protein Trafficking in Response to HIV-1 Tat: Rewiring the Nucleolus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499507/ SHA: efa871aeaf22cbd0ce30e8bd1cb3d1afff2a98f9 Authors: Jarboui, Mohamed Ali; Bidoia, Carlo; Woods, Elena; Roe, Barbara; Wynne, Kieran; Elia, Giuliano; Hall, William W.; Gautier, Virgin...
Where does the Tat protein move to in cells?
{ "answer_start": [ 519 ], "text": [ "nucleoplasm and the nucleolus" ] }
false
5,130
Nucleolar Protein Trafficking in Response to HIV-1 Tat: Rewiring the Nucleolus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499507/ SHA: efa871aeaf22cbd0ce30e8bd1cb3d1afff2a98f9 Authors: Jarboui, Mohamed Ali; Bidoia, Carlo; Woods, Elena; Roe, Barbara; Wynne, Kieran; Elia, Giuliano; Hall, William W.; Gautier, Virgin...
What is a nucleolus?
{ "answer_start": [ 565 ], "text": [ "a highly dynamic and structured membrane-less sub-nuclear compartment" ] }
false
5,131
Nucleolar Protein Trafficking in Response to HIV-1 Tat: Rewiring the Nucleolus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499507/ SHA: efa871aeaf22cbd0ce30e8bd1cb3d1afff2a98f9 Authors: Jarboui, Mohamed Ali; Bidoia, Carlo; Woods, Elena; Roe, Barbara; Wynne, Kieran; Elia, Giuliano; Hall, William W.; Gautier, Virgin...
Where are rRNA and ribosomes created?
{ "answer_start": [ 554 ], "text": [ "nucleolus" ] }
false
5,132
Nucleolar Protein Trafficking in Response to HIV-1 Tat: Rewiring the Nucleolus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499507/ SHA: efa871aeaf22cbd0ce30e8bd1cb3d1afff2a98f9 Authors: Jarboui, Mohamed Ali; Bidoia, Carlo; Woods, Elena; Roe, Barbara; Wynne, Kieran; Elia, Giuliano; Hall, William W.; Gautier, Virgin...
How many proteins were shown to change the amount of Jurkat T-cell nucleolus significantly?
{ "answer_start": [ 1433 ], "text": [ "49" ] }
false
5,133
Nucleolar Protein Trafficking in Response to HIV-1 Tat: Rewiring the Nucleolus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499507/ SHA: efa871aeaf22cbd0ce30e8bd1cb3d1afff2a98f9 Authors: Jarboui, Mohamed Ali; Bidoia, Carlo; Woods, Elena; Roe, Barbara; Wynne, Kieran; Elia, Giuliano; Hall, William W.; Gautier, Virgin...
What cellular processes occur in the nucleolus?
{ "answer_start": [ 2985 ], "text": [ "RNA-polymerase-I-directed rDNA transcription, rRNA processing mediated by small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins (soRNPs) and ribosome assembly" ] }
false
5,134
Nucleolar Protein Trafficking in Response to HIV-1 Tat: Rewiring the Nucleolus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499507/ SHA: efa871aeaf22cbd0ce30e8bd1cb3d1afff2a98f9 Authors: Jarboui, Mohamed Ali; Bidoia, Carlo; Woods, Elena; Roe, Barbara; Wynne, Kieran; Elia, Giuliano; Hall, William W.; Gautier, Virgin...
Which viruses target the nucleolus as part of their replication strategy?
{ "answer_start": [ 4678 ], "text": [ "HIV-1, hCMV, HSV and KSHV" ] }
false
5,135
Nucleolar Protein Trafficking in Response to HIV-1 Tat: Rewiring the Nucleolus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499507/ SHA: efa871aeaf22cbd0ce30e8bd1cb3d1afff2a98f9 Authors: Jarboui, Mohamed Ali; Bidoia, Carlo; Woods, Elena; Roe, Barbara; Wynne, Kieran; Elia, Giuliano; Hall, William W.; Gautier, Virgin...
What nucleolar antigen is essential of localization of Tat and Rev proteins?
{ "answer_start": [ 5436 ], "text": [ "B23" ] }
false
5,136
Nucleolar Protein Trafficking in Response to HIV-1 Tat: Rewiring the Nucleolus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499507/ SHA: efa871aeaf22cbd0ce30e8bd1cb3d1afff2a98f9 Authors: Jarboui, Mohamed Ali; Bidoia, Carlo; Woods, Elena; Roe, Barbara; Wynne, Kieran; Elia, Giuliano; Hall, William W.; Gautier, Virgin...
What was studied in this report?
{ "answer_start": [ 6845 ], "text": [ "systematically analysed the nucleolar proteome perturbations occurring in Jurkat T-cells" ] }
false
5,137
Nucleolar Protein Trafficking in Response to HIV-1 Tat: Rewiring the Nucleolus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499507/ SHA: efa871aeaf22cbd0ce30e8bd1cb3d1afff2a98f9 Authors: Jarboui, Mohamed Ali; Bidoia, Carlo; Woods, Elena; Roe, Barbara; Wynne, Kieran; Elia, Giuliano; Hall, William W.; Gautier, Virgin...
What was studied in this report?
{ "answer_start": [ 7434 ], "text": [ "the quantitative changes in the nucleolar proteome of Jurkat T cells constitutively expressing HIV-1 Tat (86aa) versus their Tat-negative counterpart," ] }
false
5,138
Nucleolar Protein Trafficking in Response to HIV-1 Tat: Rewiring the Nucleolus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499507/ SHA: efa871aeaf22cbd0ce30e8bd1cb3d1afff2a98f9 Authors: Jarboui, Mohamed Ali; Bidoia, Carlo; Woods, Elena; Roe, Barbara; Wynne, Kieran; Elia, Giuliano; Hall, William W.; Gautier, Virgin...
Which isotope labeled arginine?
{ "answer_start": [ 9657 ], "text": [ "light (R0K0)" ] }
false
5,139
Nucleolar Protein Trafficking in Response to HIV-1 Tat: Rewiring the Nucleolus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499507/ SHA: efa871aeaf22cbd0ce30e8bd1cb3d1afff2a98f9 Authors: Jarboui, Mohamed Ali; Bidoia, Carlo; Woods, Elena; Roe, Barbara; Wynne, Kieran; Elia, Giuliano; Hall, William W.; Gautier, Virgin...
Which isotope labeled lysine?
{ "answer_start": [ 9674 ], "text": [ "heavy (R6K6)" ] }
false
5,140
Nucleolar Protein Trafficking in Response to HIV-1 Tat: Rewiring the Nucleolus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499507/ SHA: efa871aeaf22cbd0ce30e8bd1cb3d1afff2a98f9 Authors: Jarboui, Mohamed Ali; Bidoia, Carlo; Woods, Elena; Roe, Barbara; Wynne, Kieran; Elia, Giuliano; Hall, William W.; Gautier, Virgin...
How many cells were harvested from each culture?
{ "answer_start": [ 9799 ], "text": [ "85 million" ] }
false
5,141
Nucleolar Protein Trafficking in Response to HIV-1 Tat: Rewiring the Nucleolus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499507/ SHA: efa871aeaf22cbd0ce30e8bd1cb3d1afff2a98f9 Authors: Jarboui, Mohamed Ali; Bidoia, Carlo; Woods, Elena; Roe, Barbara; Wynne, Kieran; Elia, Giuliano; Hall, William W.; Gautier, Virgin...
How long is the nuclear protein PARP-1?
{ "answer_start": [ 10640 ], "text": [ "113 kDa" ] }
false
5,142
Nucleolar Protein Trafficking in Response to HIV-1 Tat: Rewiring the Nucleolus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499507/ SHA: efa871aeaf22cbd0ce30e8bd1cb3d1afff2a98f9 Authors: Jarboui, Mohamed Ali; Bidoia, Carlo; Woods, Elena; Roe, Barbara; Wynne, Kieran; Elia, Giuliano; Hall, William W.; Gautier, Virgin...
How long is the protein Alpha-tubulin?
{ "answer_start": [ 10762 ], "text": [ "50 kDa" ] }
false
5,143
Nucleolar Protein Trafficking in Response to HIV-1 Tat: Rewiring the Nucleolus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499507/ SHA: efa871aeaf22cbd0ce30e8bd1cb3d1afff2a98f9 Authors: Jarboui, Mohamed Ali; Bidoia, Carlo; Woods, Elena; Roe, Barbara; Wynne, Kieran; Elia, Giuliano; Hall, William W.; Gautier, Virgin...
Where was alpha-tubulin found most abundantly in the cell?
{ "answer_start": [ 10797 ], "text": [ "cytoplasmic" ] }
false
5,144
Nucleolar Protein Trafficking in Response to HIV-1 Tat: Rewiring the Nucleolus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499507/ SHA: efa871aeaf22cbd0ce30e8bd1cb3d1afff2a98f9 Authors: Jarboui, Mohamed Ali; Bidoia, Carlo; Woods, Elena; Roe, Barbara; Wynne, Kieran; Elia, Giuliano; Hall, William W.; Gautier, Virgin...
Where was alpha-tubulin found least abundantly in the cell?
{ "answer_start": [ 10845 ], "text": [ "nuclear" ] }
false
5,145
Nucleolar Protein Trafficking in Response to HIV-1 Tat: Rewiring the Nucleolus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499507/ SHA: efa871aeaf22cbd0ce30e8bd1cb3d1afff2a98f9 Authors: Jarboui, Mohamed Ali; Bidoia, Carlo; Woods, Elena; Roe, Barbara; Wynne, Kieran; Elia, Giuliano; Hall, William W.; Gautier, Virgin...
What is shown in Table S1?
{ "answer_start": [ 11360 ], "text": [ "The fully annotated list of the quantified nucleolar proteins" ] }
false
5,146
Nucleolar Protein Trafficking in Response to HIV-1 Tat: Rewiring the Nucleolus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499507/ SHA: efa871aeaf22cbd0ce30e8bd1cb3d1afff2a98f9 Authors: Jarboui, Mohamed Ali; Bidoia, Carlo; Woods, Elena; Roe, Barbara; Wynne, Kieran; Elia, Giuliano; Hall, William W.; Gautier, Virgin...
What types of cells are used to study Tat-mediated pathogenesis?
{ "answer_start": [ 32303 ], "text": [ "Jurkat T-cells" ] }
false
5,147
Nucleolar Protein Trafficking in Response to HIV-1 Tat: Rewiring the Nucleolus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499507/ SHA: efa871aeaf22cbd0ce30e8bd1cb3d1afff2a98f9 Authors: Jarboui, Mohamed Ali; Bidoia, Carlo; Woods, Elena; Roe, Barbara; Wynne, Kieran; Elia, Giuliano; Hall, William W.; Gautier, Virgin...
How many proteins displayed a significant fold change?
{ "answer_start": [ 34212 ], "text": [ "49" ] }
false
5,148
Nucleolar Protein Trafficking in Response to HIV-1 Tat: Rewiring the Nucleolus https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3499507/ SHA: efa871aeaf22cbd0ce30e8bd1cb3d1afff2a98f9 Authors: Jarboui, Mohamed Ali; Bidoia, Carlo; Woods, Elena; Roe, Barbara; Wynne, Kieran; Elia, Giuliano; Hall, William W.; Gautier, Virgin...
What is the significance of this study?
{ "answer_start": [ 45092 ], "text": [ "the first proteomic analysis of dynamic composition of the nucleolus in response to HIV-1 Tat expression" ] }
false
5,149
Interactome analysis of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein in infected cells reveals ATPase Na(+)/K(+) transporting subunit Alpha 1 and prohibitin as host-cell factors involved in the life cycle of mammarenaviruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5834214/ SHA: efbd0dfc426da5dd25ce29411d...
How are Mammarenaviruses spread from rodents to humans?
{ "answer_start": [ 2592 ], "text": [ "mucosal exposure to aerosols or by direct contact of abraded skin with infectious material" ] }
false
5,150
Interactome analysis of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein in infected cells reveals ATPase Na(+)/K(+) transporting subunit Alpha 1 and prohibitin as host-cell factors involved in the life cycle of mammarenaviruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5834214/ SHA: efbd0dfc426da5dd25ce29411d...
What are the main groups for Mammarenaviruses?
{ "answer_start": [ 2898 ], "text": [ "Old World (OW) and New World (NW)" ] }
false
5,151
Interactome analysis of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein in infected cells reveals ATPase Na(+)/K(+) transporting subunit Alpha 1 and prohibitin as host-cell factors involved in the life cycle of mammarenaviruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5834214/ SHA: efbd0dfc426da5dd25ce29411d...
What is the cause of Lassa fever?
{ "answer_start": [ 2942 ], "text": [ "OW Lassa virus (LASV)" ] }
false
5,152
Interactome analysis of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein in infected cells reveals ATPase Na(+)/K(+) transporting subunit Alpha 1 and prohibitin as host-cell factors involved in the life cycle of mammarenaviruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5834214/ SHA: efbd0dfc426da5dd25ce29411d...
What type of vaccine is JUNV, Candid#1?
{ "answer_start": [ 4254 ], "text": [ "live attenuated" ] }
false
5,153
Interactome analysis of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein in infected cells reveals ATPase Na(+)/K(+) transporting subunit Alpha 1 and prohibitin as host-cell factors involved in the life cycle of mammarenaviruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5834214/ SHA: efbd0dfc426da5dd25ce29411d...
Why was the human A549 cell line chosen for this study?
{ "answer_start": [ 6917 ], "text": [ "lung epithelial cells are one of the initial cell targets of humans following inhalation of mammarenavirions" ] }
false
5,154
Interactome analysis of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein in infected cells reveals ATPase Na(+)/K(+) transporting subunit Alpha 1 and prohibitin as host-cell factors involved in the life cycle of mammarenaviruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5834214/ SHA: efbd0dfc426da5dd25ce29411d...
For how long were the cells infected before analysis?
{ "answer_start": [ 7152 ], "text": [ "48 h" ] }
false
5,155
Interactome analysis of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein in infected cells reveals ATPase Na(+)/K(+) transporting subunit Alpha 1 and prohibitin as host-cell factors involved in the life cycle of mammarenaviruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5834214/ SHA: efbd0dfc426da5dd25ce29411d...
What drug is used to treat congestive heart failure?
{ "answer_start": [ 14232 ], "text": [ "ouabain" ] }
false
5,156
Interactome analysis of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein in infected cells reveals ATPase Na(+)/K(+) transporting subunit Alpha 1 and prohibitin as host-cell factors involved in the life cycle of mammarenaviruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5834214/ SHA: efbd0dfc426da5dd25ce29411d...
What does ouabain inhibit?
{ "answer_start": [ 14259 ], "text": [ "ATP1A1" ] }
false
5,157
Interactome analysis of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein in infected cells reveals ATPase Na(+)/K(+) transporting subunit Alpha 1 and prohibitin as host-cell factors involved in the life cycle of mammarenaviruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5834214/ SHA: efbd0dfc426da5dd25ce29411d...
What method can significantly alleviate the emergence of drug-resistant variants in RNA viral infections?
{ "answer_start": [ 20355 ], "text": [ "Combination therapy" ] }
false
5,158
Interactome analysis of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein in infected cells reveals ATPase Na(+)/K(+) transporting subunit Alpha 1 and prohibitin as host-cell factors involved in the life cycle of mammarenaviruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5834214/ SHA: efbd0dfc426da5dd25ce29411d...
What factors did this study attribute to the efficient multiplication of mammarenaviruses?
{ "answer_start": [ 34103 ], "text": [ "ATP1A1 and PHB" ] }
false
5,159
Interactome analysis of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein in infected cells reveals ATPase Na(+)/K(+) transporting subunit Alpha 1 and prohibitin as host-cell factors involved in the life cycle of mammarenaviruses https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5834214/ SHA: efbd0dfc426da5dd25ce29411d...
How do the authors suggest that ATP1A1 and PHB contribute to the efficient multiplication of mammarenaviruses?
{ "answer_start": [ 34177 ], "text": [ "using genetics and pharmacological inhibition of the genes" ] }
false
1,175
Viruses and Evolution – Viruses First? A Personal Perspective https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6433886/ SHA: f3b9fc0f8e0a431366196d3e835e1ec368b379d1 Authors: Moelling, Karin; Broecker, Felix Date: 2019-03-19 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00523 License: cc-by Abstract: The discovery of exoplanets within putat...
Which are the most abundant biological entities on Earth?
{ "answer_start": [ 574 ], "text": [ "Viruses " ] }
false
1,176
Viruses and Evolution – Viruses First? A Personal Perspective https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6433886/ SHA: f3b9fc0f8e0a431366196d3e835e1ec368b379d1 Authors: Moelling, Karin; Broecker, Felix Date: 2019-03-19 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00523 License: cc-by Abstract: The discovery of exoplanets within putat...
What contributed to a large part of mammalian genomic sequence?
{ "answer_start": [ 731 ], "text": [ "Retroviruses " ] }
false
1,177
Viruses and Evolution – Viruses First? A Personal Perspective https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6433886/ SHA: f3b9fc0f8e0a431366196d3e835e1ec368b379d1 Authors: Moelling, Karin; Broecker, Felix Date: 2019-03-19 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00523 License: cc-by Abstract: The discovery of exoplanets within putat...
What were the earliest replicating entities that fulfill several criteria for life?
{ "answer_start": [ 1032 ], "text": [ "ribozymes or viroids" ] }
false
1,178
Viruses and Evolution – Viruses First? A Personal Perspective https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6433886/ SHA: f3b9fc0f8e0a431366196d3e835e1ec368b379d1 Authors: Moelling, Karin; Broecker, Felix Date: 2019-03-19 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00523 License: cc-by Abstract: The discovery of exoplanets within putat...
What are some examples of autonomous bacteria that lost their independence and became intracellular parasites or endosymbionts?
{ "answer_start": [ 1444 ], "text": [ "mitochondria, chloroplasts, Rickettsia " ] }
false
1,179
Viruses and Evolution – Viruses First? A Personal Perspective https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6433886/ SHA: f3b9fc0f8e0a431366196d3e835e1ec368b379d1 Authors: Moelling, Karin; Broecker, Felix Date: 2019-03-19 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00523 License: cc-by Abstract: The discovery of exoplanets within putat...
What entities with no genes satisfy the criteria for life?
{ "answer_start": [ 2433 ], "text": [ "ribozymes, catalytic RNAs closely related to viroids" ] }
false
1,180
Viruses and Evolution – Viruses First? A Personal Perspective https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6433886/ SHA: f3b9fc0f8e0a431366196d3e835e1ec368b379d1 Authors: Moelling, Karin; Broecker, Felix Date: 2019-03-19 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00523 License: cc-by Abstract: The discovery of exoplanets within putat...
Which group of RNA quasispecies satisfy criteria for life?
{ "answer_start": [ 2682 ], "text": [ " catalytically active members, enzymatically active ribozymes. The sequence space for 220-mer RNAs is about 3 × 10 132 (" ] }
false
1,181
Viruses and Evolution – Viruses First? A Personal Perspective https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6433886/ SHA: f3b9fc0f8e0a431366196d3e835e1ec368b379d1 Authors: Moelling, Karin; Broecker, Felix Date: 2019-03-19 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00523 License: cc-by Abstract: The discovery of exoplanets within putat...
How are the ribozymes able to replicate, join and create peptide bonds?
{ "answer_start": [ 2958 ], "text": [ " They can polymerize progeny chemically, allow for mutations to occur and can evolve. One molecule serves as catalyst, the other one as substrate. Replication of ribozymes was demonstrated in the test tube (Lincoln and Joyce, 2009) . Ribozymes can form peptide bonds ...
false
1,182
Viruses and Evolution – Viruses First? A Personal Perspective https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6433886/ SHA: f3b9fc0f8e0a431366196d3e835e1ec368b379d1 Authors: Moelling, Karin; Broecker, Felix Date: 2019-03-19 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00523 License: cc-by Abstract: The discovery of exoplanets within putat...
Does RNA replication need polymerase enzymes?
{ "answer_start": [ 3512 ], "text": [ "Replication of RNA molecules can be performed chemically from RNA without polymerase enzymes." ] }
false
1,183
Viruses and Evolution – Viruses First? A Personal Perspective https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6433886/ SHA: f3b9fc0f8e0a431366196d3e835e1ec368b379d1 Authors: Moelling, Karin; Broecker, Felix Date: 2019-03-19 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00523 License: cc-by Abstract: The discovery of exoplanets within putat...
How can DNA arise chemically from RNA?
{ "answer_start": [ 3619 ], "text": [ "deoxyribozymes can form from ribonucleotides (Wilson and Szostak, 1999) . Thus, DNA can arise from RNA chemically, without the key protein enzyme, the reverse transcriptase." ] }
false
1,184
Viruses and Evolution – Viruses First? A Personal Perspective https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6433886/ SHA: f3b9fc0f8e0a431366196d3e835e1ec368b379d1 Authors: Moelling, Karin; Broecker, Felix Date: 2019-03-19 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00523 License: cc-by Abstract: The discovery of exoplanets within putat...
What do ribozymes consist of?
{ "answer_start": [ 3946 ], "text": [ "circular single-stranded RNAs" ] }
false
1,185
Viruses and Evolution – Viruses First? A Personal Perspective https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6433886/ SHA: f3b9fc0f8e0a431366196d3e835e1ec368b379d1 Authors: Moelling, Karin; Broecker, Felix Date: 2019-03-19 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00523 License: cc-by Abstract: The discovery of exoplanets within putat...
What do ribozymes lack?
{ "answer_start": [ 4002 ], "text": [ "the genetic triplet code and do not encode proteins" ] }
false
1,186
Viruses and Evolution – Viruses First? A Personal Perspective https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6433886/ SHA: f3b9fc0f8e0a431366196d3e835e1ec368b379d1 Authors: Moelling, Karin; Broecker, Felix Date: 2019-03-19 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00523 License: cc-by Abstract: The discovery of exoplanets within putat...
What do ribozymes exhibit?
{ "answer_start": [ 4077 ], "text": [ "structural information by hairpin-loops that form hydrogen bonds between incomplete double strands, and loops free to interact with other molecules." ] }
false
2,477
Chikungunya: A Potentially Emerging Epidemic? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860491/ SHA: f7c3160bef4169d29e2a8bdd79dd6e9056d4774c Authors: Thiboutot, Michelle M.; Kannan, Senthil; Kawalekar, Omkar U.; Shedlock, Devon J.; Khan, Amir S.; Sarangan, Gopalsamy; Srikanth, Padma; Weiner, David B.; Muthumani...
What is CHIKV marked by?
{ "answer_start": [ 1660 ], "text": [ "severe joint pain, contorting its victims into unusual postures " ] }
false
2,471
Chikungunya: A Potentially Emerging Epidemic? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860491/ SHA: f7c3160bef4169d29e2a8bdd79dd6e9056d4774c Authors: Thiboutot, Michelle M.; Kannan, Senthil; Kawalekar, Omkar U.; Shedlock, Devon J.; Khan, Amir S.; Sarangan, Gopalsamy; Srikanth, Padma; Weiner, David B.; Muthumani...
What does Chikungunya cause?
{ "answer_start": [ 516 ], "text": [ " fever disease, headache, rash, nausea, vomiting, myalgia, and arthralgia" ] }
false
2,470
Chikungunya: A Potentially Emerging Epidemic? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860491/ SHA: f7c3160bef4169d29e2a8bdd79dd6e9056d4774c Authors: Thiboutot, Michelle M.; Kannan, Senthil; Kawalekar, Omkar U.; Shedlock, Devon J.; Khan, Amir S.; Sarangan, Gopalsamy; Srikanth, Padma; Weiner, David B.; Muthumani...
What is Chikungunya virus?
{ "answer_start": [ 430 ], "text": [ "a mosquito-borne emerging pathogen" ] }
false
2,472
Chikungunya: A Potentially Emerging Epidemic? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860491/ SHA: f7c3160bef4169d29e2a8bdd79dd6e9056d4774c Authors: Thiboutot, Michelle M.; Kannan, Senthil; Kawalekar, Omkar U.; Shedlock, Devon J.; Khan, Amir S.; Sarangan, Gopalsamy; Srikanth, Padma; Weiner, David B.; Muthumani...
Is there a treatment?
{ "answer_start": [ 884 ], "text": [ "Currently, there is no vaccine or antiviral treatmen" ] }
false
2,473
Chikungunya: A Potentially Emerging Epidemic? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860491/ SHA: f7c3160bef4169d29e2a8bdd79dd6e9056d4774c Authors: Thiboutot, Michelle M.; Kannan, Senthil; Kawalekar, Omkar U.; Shedlock, Devon J.; Khan, Amir S.; Sarangan, Gopalsamy; Srikanth, Padma; Weiner, David B.; Muthumani...
What conclusion is drawn in this report?
{ "answer_start": [ 939 ], "text": [ "With the threat of an emerging global pandemic, the peculiar problems associated with the more immediate and seasonal epidemics warrant the development of an effective vaccine." ] }
false