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32769 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamm | Hamm | Hamm (Latin: Hammona) is a city in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is part of the Arnsberg Government Region
It has about 185,000 inhabitants.
References
Other websites
Urban districts in Regierungsbezirk Arnsberg |
32771 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herne%2C%20North%20Rhine-Westphalia | Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia | Herne is a German city, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, belonging to the Ruhr area. It is part of the Arnsberg Government Region
It has about 170,000 inhabitants.
References
Urban districts in Regierungsbezirk Arnsberg |
32773 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BClheim | Mülheim | Mülheim an der Ruhr (Low German and Low Franconian: Mölm, Ripuarian: Müllem) is a city in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, belonging to the Ruhr area.
Around 170,000 people live there.
References
Urban districts in Regierungsbezirk Düsseldorf |
32776 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solingen | Solingen | Solingen is a city in Germany, in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is near Düsseldorf and Wuppertal.
Solingen has about 165,000 inhabitants.
In 1993, five Turks were killed in an arson attack.
References |
32783 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa%20%28moon%29 | Europa (moon) | Europa is a large moon of the planet Jupiter. It is a little smaller than Earth's Moon and it is the sixth-largest moon in the solar system.
Europa's diameter is about 3000 kilometers. It probably has an iron core, and an atmosphere that's mostly oxygen. The surface is icy and very smooth. There are not a lot of craters, but there are some cracks and lines. Because the surface is so young and smooth, scientists believe that there is a liquid ocean under the surface, and that it is kept warm by tidal heating. In other words, Jupiter's strong gravitational pull on Europa makes it warm.
The moon Europa was found by Simon Marius in December 1609. Galileo Galilei first saw the moon in January 1610 (he did not know Marius had found it). Simon Marius was the one who had the idea of the name 'Europa'.
The moon Europa is named after a princess from Greek mythology who became the first queen of Crete. However, people usually called Europa 'Jupiter II' until the middle of the 20th century.
References
Notes
Other websites
Europa
Jupiter's moons |
32784 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keane | Keane | Keane are an English rock band. They started in East Sussex. They are known for using pianos and their little use of guitars in their music. They listen to artists like The Beatles, U2 and Oasis.
Tim Rice-Oxley and Dom Scott composed the songs that the band played from 1997 to 2001. When Dom left in 2001, Tim composed all the future songs.
History
Beginning (1995 - 2003)
Pianist Tim Rice-Oxley and singer Tom Chaplin were friends since they were kids. Rice-Oxley's brother was born on the same day and hospital in 1979.
They studied at Vinehall School and later at Tonbridge School. There, they met the other member of the band, Richard Hughes.
Tim made the band in 1995 with his friend Dominic Scott. They named the band "The Lotus Eaters". They changed their name to "Cherry Keane" in 1997, when Chaplin entered the band. Cherry Keane was a woman who served tea at Tim and Tom's school. The name changed again to "Keane". In an interview on 2006, Rice-Oxley said that the band was called Coldplay, but he gave this name to a friend (Chris Martin, of Coldplay).
Keane began playing songs by other artists, but soon they wanted to play their own songs.
Their first live performance (gig) was in 1998, at the "Hope & Anchor" pub (bar) in England.
They made 2 CDs and sold at the pubs where they played. Scott left the band in 2001. Tim wrote "Everybody's Changing" for this.
In December 2002, Simon Williams of Fierce Panda went to a Keane gig in and he offered to make the band's next and first commercial single (song), "Everybody's Changing".
The single was released on 2003.
Hopes and Fears (2003 - 2006)
After another single, in 2004, Island Records invited Keane to make a single with them. "Everybody's Changing" was made after "Somewhere Only We Know". An album was released in May and called "Hopes And Fears". The album was very successful and it was the second best-seller album of the year.
The album sold five million (5,000,000) copies. In 2006, they competed for a Grammy but they lost.
Under the Iron Sea (2005 - 2006)
Keane began recording their second album, "Under the Iron Sea", in 2005, with producer Andy Green.
The first two singles from the album were "Atlantic" and "Is It Any Wonder?". Now, the album has sold one million (2,000,000) copies in the world.
Perfect Symmetry (2008)
Their third album is called Perfect Symmetry produced with Island Records. It was released 13 October 2008 to favourable reviews. According to international Island Records manager, Jon Turner, "the general international feel is of excitement and 'Spiralling' is a favourite track of the US company.". The album included the singles "Spiralling", "The Lovers Are Losing", "Perfect Symmetry" and "Better Than This".
Strangeland (2011-2012)
The band's fourth album was released in May 2012 through Island Records. It went straight to No.1 in the UK Albums Chart. It included the singles "Silenced By The Night", "Disconnected", "Sovereign Light Cafe" and "Black Rain". The album cover is photographed in Bexhill-On-Sea in East Sussex, which is where the Sovereign Light Cafe is located and where the video for "Sovereign Light Cafe" was filmed.
Cause & Effect (2018-2019)
The band's fifth album after a five year hiatus released on September 20th 2019. The band got together in 2018 and started to work on a new album after Rice-Oxley had been through a divorce and Chaplin had been through therapy for addiction. It included the singles "The Way I Feel", "Love Too Much" and "Stupid Things". It reached number 2 in the charts.
Equipment list
This is a list of Keane's equipment.
Piano:
Yamaha CP70B Electric piano
Yamaha CP70M Electric piano
Synthesizers:
Rhodes Suitcase Piano
Nord Lead 3
Yamaha CP60M
Bass:
Fender Precision Bass
Fender Jazz
Yamaha CP35 Bass synthesizer
Yamaha DX-7 synthesizer
Organs:
Hammond XK2
Drums:
Yamaha Maple Custom "Absolute Nouveau"
Microphones:
Sennheiser e602s/e604s/e935s/421
Shure Beta 57/91
Other:
Apple PowerBook G4 Titanium
Apple PowerMac G5
Members
Tim Rice-Oxley - piano, bass, keyboards, backing singer
Tom Chaplin - singer, live keyboards, organ
Richard Hughes - drums
Dominic Scott - guitar, keyboard (left in 2001)
Discography
Keane releases:
Singles (songs)
"Call Me What You Like" (2000)
"Wolf At The Door" (2001)
"Everybdoy's Changing" (2003)
"This Is The Last Time" (2003)
"Somewhere Only We Know" (2004)
"Everybody's Changing" (2004) (made again)
"Bedshaped" (2004)
"This Is the Last Time" (2004) (made again)
"Bend and Break" (2005)
"Atlantic" (2006)
"Is It Any Wonder?" (2006)
"Crystal Ball" (2006)
"Try Again" (2007)
"A Bad Dream" (2007)
"The Night Sky" (2007)
"Spiralling" (2008)
"The Lovers Are Losing" (2008)
"Better Than This" (2009)
Albums
Hopes and Fears (2004)
EP Live Recordings 2004 (2005) (concert album)
Under the Iron Sea (2006)
Keane Live 06 (concert album)
Perfect Symmetry (2008)
Strangeland (2012)
Awards
Keane have won the following awards:
Brit Award for New Artist
Brit Award for Best Album
Premios Onda for Best International Band
Q Magazine for Best Album
Ivor Novello for Best Composer (Tim Rice-OXley)
References
Other websites
Sites
Official site
Lyrics, official FAQ and tabs
1995 establishments in England
1990s British music groups
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
English rock bands
Musical groups established in 1995
Musical quartets
New wave bands
People from East Sussex |
32785 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim%20Rice-Oxley | Tim Rice-Oxley | Timothy James Rice-Oxley (born 2 June 1976, in Oxford, England) is an English musician. He is the pianist of rock band Keane. He plays piano and bass. He also writes the songs for the band.
Early life
He took piano lessons which he hated. This because he had to play classic music and he thought it was boring. Later, he began playing the piano listening to The Beatles. In 2004, he won the Ivor Novello award for Best composer of the year.
In 1995, his friend Dominic Scott told him to make a band. The band was called "The Lotus Eaters". They asked Richard Hughes to play the drums. Tom Chaplin would play bass. Rice-Oxley and Chaplin had been friends since they were children. In 1997, Rice-Oxley asked Chaplin to sing. The band changed its name to "Keane". When Scott left the band in 2001, Rice-Oxley started playing piano again and recording bass separately. He still does that.
Rice-Oxley married in February 2005.
Equipment list
Complete list: Equipment list
Yamaha CP70 (Piano)
Nord Lead 3 (Synthesizer)
Fender Precision (Bass)
Apple Computer PowerBook G4
Apple PowerMac G5
References
Other websites
Nezz-Media! - Dedicated to Keane
1976 births
Living people
english pianists
English guitarists
English rock musicians
Keane
Musicians from Oxfordshire
People from Oxford |
32786 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Chaplin | Tom Chaplin | Thomas "Tom" Oliver Chaplin (born 8 March 1979) is the singer of the rock band Keane. He comes from Battle, East Sussex.
He went to Tonbridge school with his friend Tim Rice-Oxley. There they met Richard Hughes and Dominic Scott. He was invited to join the band in 1997, when the name "The Lotus Eaters" was changed to "Cherry Keane".
When the band moved to London trying to get a record deal, Tom left his Art History studies at the Edinburgh University in 1999 to join the band. With Scott in the band as the lead guitarist, Tom played the acoustic guitar. After Scott left in 2001, he took the lead vocals, but also plays the keyboard on some songs. Since Scott left, the band has not used guitars, with their first album using only keyboards, drums and vocals.
Chaplin also took part in Band Aid 20's re-recording of Do They Know It's Christmas in November 2004.
1979 births
Living people
English singers
Keane
Musicians from Sussex
People from East Sussex
Nowadays he has two solo albuns (2017's The Wave and Twelve Tales of Christmas), and made a tour around the world, specially in Britain and Europe. The first tour was about he launched The Wave. And, the second, with the album Twelve Tales of Christmas.
Tom rejoined Keane in 2018/2019 and in September 2019 they released their 5th Studio album, Cause and Effect, which toured Europe, USA and Latin America throughout 2019.
During such tour, Tom opened up during interviews about overcoming cocaine addiction and Tim Rice-Oxley family misfortunes that led the songwriter to compose the album songs and approaching Tom in the Christmas of 2018.
He has a child called Freya with his wife Nat; she is four years old. |
32787 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somewhere%20Only%20We%20Know | Somewhere Only We Know | "Somewhere Only We Know" is a song by English band Keane. It is their third single. The song is played using a piano, drums and bass. The song was the first single from the album Hopes and Fears. The single was very popular in the United Kingdom and world wide.
Composition and recording
"Somewhere Only We Know" was composed by Tim Rice-Oxley in 2001.
The song was first played on the guitar, just before Dominic Scott left the band. It was recorded as a demo the same year with piano instead of the guitar. Keane recorded the final version in 2003 at the Helioscentric Studios, East Sussex for the album.
Keane played this song at the historical concert Live 8 in London.
Information of songs
Somewhere Only We Know
The drummer for Keane, Richard Hughes, said that the band had been asked if the song was about a place. He said that Rice-Oxley had said that to the members of the band it might be about a place or a feeling. He also said that the song can mean something to each person and each person can relate the song to their own memories. He felt that the song was more of a theme than being about any single place or time.
Look at the interview for this song, the place that only we know is when friends get High together.
The song is related to trees:
The three different music videos show Keane in a forest.
Images used when the band performs the song live include pictures of a forest.
The cover of the single has leaves falling.
One promo single had a burning tree.
"Snowed Under" b-side mentions "Manser's Shaw", a forest area in Battle, East Sussex.
"Walnut Tree" b-side mentions a tree.
B-sides
"Somewhere Only We Know" has been released two times as a single. Each time it had a different b-side.
Walnut Tree
The lyrics of "Walnut Tree" talk about waiting for someone or something. Rice-Oxley has not talked about a real meaning to this. The song appeared on the "Music from the OC: Mix 2" soundtrack.
Snowed Under
"Snowed Under" talks about a place called "Manser's Shaw". This is a place where the band used to spent their days. It was inspired by a poem
"Snowed Under" was the only b-side played live during 2004, 2005 and early 2006.
Track listings
CD Single CID849
"Somewhere Only We Know"
"Walnut Tree"
"Snowed Under"
"Somewhere Only We Know" (CD-ROM Video)
UK 7" Vinyl IS849
"Somewhere Only We Know"
"Snowed Under"
Other versions
Germany CD Single
Released March 26 2004
Somewhere Only We Know
Snowed Under
Spain CD Single
Released April 16 2004
Somewhere Only We Know
Walnut Tree
Somewhere Only We Know (Video)
UK, 3" Pocket CD
Released July 19 2004
Somewhere Only We Know
Snowed Under
Somewhere Only We Know (Polyphonic ringtone)
Snowed Under (Polyphonic ringtone)
Somewhere Only We Know (Truetone)
Snowed Under (Truetone)
Cover versions and TV
The song has been covered by:
Natasha Bedingfield (Jo Whiley's Radio 1 programme).
Lifehouse
Laura Michelle Kelly
Travis (After Mark and Lard Show)
It has appeared on:
The Movie The Lake House
The television programme Pimp My Ride
A Victoria's Secret commercial
The Ashlee Simpson Show"
Grey's Anatomy The movie trailer for Finding Neverland An episode of Doctor Who Confidential in 2005
The movie trailer forWinnie the Pooh'' in 2010
Music videos
There are three music videos for this song:
International version
Keane comes out of a studio and takes a taxi. Then they come across a forest where the "simple thing" aliens live. Each alien represents the spirit of a tree. The video was directed by Colin Hardy.
United States version 1
The video is the same without the "simple thing" aliens
United States version 2
This video was made in May 29 2004 in Hollywood, California. It was directed by The Saline Project.
References
2004 songs
Keane songs |
32788 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Under%20the%20Iron%20Sea | Under the Iron Sea | Under the Iron Sea is the second album by rock band Keane. It was launched in June 2006.
There is a version with a bonus DVD. This includes videos and demo versions of songs.
The title of the album comes from the phrase "I lost my heart. I buried it too deep under the iron sea," of the eighth (8th) song, "Crystal Ball".
In its first week sold 222,297 copies. It was #1 in UK and #4 in US.
The album had sold 1,000,000 copies to date.
Song list
All tracks written by Tim Rice-Oxley, Tom Chaplin, and Richard Hughes.
"Atlantic" (4:13)
"Is It Any Wonder?" (3:08)
"Nothing In My Way" (4:02)
"Leaving So Soon?" (3:58)
"A Bad Dream" (5:04)
"Hamburg Song" (4:37)
"Put It Behind You" (3:35)
"The Iron Sea" (2:57)
"Crystal Ball" (3:53)
"Try Again" (4:26)
"Broken Toy" (6:07)
"The Frog Prince" (4:21)
Note: Some editions combine "The Iron Sea" with "Put It Behind You," with a length of 6:33.
Charts
General charts
United Kingdom: #1
United States: #4
Canada: #7
Ireland: #1
Switzerland: #2
Holland: #1
Germany: #3
Portugal: #3
Norway: #3
Mexico: #3
Denmark: #5
'India': #8
Related pages
List of songs by Keane
Other websites
Official Site
Austrian Fansite
Fansite
French Fansite
Link to download a UTIS fan-made font
2006 albums
Keane
Island Records albums
Rock albums |
32791 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20songs%20by%20Keane | List of songs by Keane | This is a list of songs of Keane. Keane is a rock band from England.
The songs are divided for easy consult.
Unknown songs
These old songs were written by Keane. They have not been heard as there are no recordings from them. They are known because the band had mentioned them.
11th Hour Blues
All I Was
Captain Planet
Duncan Elliot
Gingerbread
High Time
If Not You
I'll Live in Fear
Innes' Song
In the Light
Less in More
Melodrama
Morsel
Mr. Caravan
Nagasaki Summer
Pot of Gold
Start the Car
The Silence of an Alien
Wonderful River
Unreleased songs
These songs were not released but they are known for recordings. These recordings are on the internet.
A Heart to Hold You
Emily
Maps
More Matey
New One
The Happy Soldier
Singles
These songs had been recorded on CD Singles.
Atlantic
Bedshaped
Bend and Break
Call Me What You Like
Crystal Ball
Everybody's Changing
Is It Any Wonder?
Somewhere Only We Know
This Is the Last Time
Wolf at the Door
The Night Sky
On a Day Like Today
B-Sides not released on albums
A b-side is a song included with a single on its CD.
Allemande
Call Me What You Like
Closer Now
Fly to Me
He Used to Be a Lovely Boy
Maybe I Can Change
Rubbernecking
She Opens Her Eyes
Snowed Under
Something in Me Was Dying
The Way You Want It
Thin Air
To the End of the Earth
Tyderian
Untitled 2
Walnut Tree
Wolf at the Door (Released as a single but not included in any album)
Hopes and Fears
This is Keane's first album.
Somewhere Only We Know
This Is the Last Time
Bend and Break
We Might as Well Be Strangers
Everybody's Changing
Your Eyes Open
She Has No Time
Can't Stop Now
Sunshine
Untitled 1
Bedshaped
Under the Iron Sea
This is Keane's second (2nd) album
A Bad Dream
Broken Toy
Hamburg Song
Leaving So Soon?
Nothing in My Way
Put It Behind You
The Frog Prince
The Iron Sea
Try Again
Let It Slide
Perfect Symmetry
This is Keane's third (3rd) album
Spiralling
The Lovers Are Losing
Better Than This
You Haven't Told Me Anything
Perfect Symmetry
You Don't See Me
Again and Again
Playing Along
Pretend That You're Alone
Black Burning Heart
Love Is the End
Songs not yet released
These songs have not been released. In the future they will.
All Your Days
Any Human Heart
Back in Time
Barcelona Song (Crystal Ball)
Golden Light
If You Feel Bad / Bitter Pill
Love Actually
You Might Be Smiling Now
Cover versions
These songs were written by other artists. Keane have covered them and some of them, recorded.
Dinner at Eight (Rufus Wainwright)
Dirtylicious
Do They Know It's Christmas? (Band Aid 20) (contribution)
Enjoy the Silence (Depeche Mode)
Goodbye Yellow Brick Road (Elton John)
Paperback Writer (The Beatles)
Praise You (Fatboy Slim)
She Sells Sanctuary (The Cult)
The Sun Ain't Gonna Shine Anymore (The Walker Brothers)
What a Wonderful World (Louis Armstrong)
White Christmas (Irving Berlin)
With or Without You (U2)
Your Song (Elton John)
Disco 2000 (Pulp)
Another One Bites the Dizzee (Queen / Dizzee Rascal mix)
The River (Bruce Springsteen)
That's All (Genesis)
You've Got to Hide Your Love Away (The Beatles)
Golden Slumbers (The Beatles)
Under Pressure (Queen / David Bowie)
Cast No Shadow (Oasis)
Jealous Guy (John Lennon)
American Tune
Keane |
32793 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everybody%27s%20Changing | Everybody's Changing | "Everybody's Changing" is the first single by the rock band Keane. It was released two times. It was the first Keane CD to be sold in stores.
Versions
There are two different versions of the song. The song was first composed in 2001 by Tim Rice-Oxley. The first version was recorded at Keane's home. The second one at the Helioscentric Studios in East Sussex.
Fierce Panda single
In December 2002, Simon Williams of Fierce Panda Records saw Keane in a pub. He wanted to record one of their songs for the radio. The song chosen was "Everybody's Changing". They made a CD single and released it on May 2003.
Island single
After Keane signed to Island Records, there was another single, "Somewhere Only We Know". However, they wanted to release "Everybody's Changing" again. This time it was released as an Island single. The record was released on May 2004
Information about songs
The CDs for each version had one or two other songs on them.
To the End of the Earth
"To the End of the Earth" was composed in guitar. A demo version played on guitar was also recorded. It was composed by Tim Rice-Oxley in 2000. The song was re-recorded for the single.
Fly to Me
"Fly to Me" has been thought to be Keane's most beautiful song. Official sheet music for the song is found in the Wise Publication's book of Hopes and Fears.
The Way You Want It
"The Way You Want It" is a piano and voice song. It appeared on the Fierce Panda version. The song appears on the Strangers DVD as well.
Track listing
Fierce Panda single
CD NING133CD
Everybody's Changing
Bedshaped
The Way You Want It
Island Single
CD CID855
Everybody's Changing
To the End of the Earth (Only CD)
Fly to Me
Everybody's Changing (Video)
UK, 7" Vynil IS855
Released May 3rd 2004
Everybody's Changing
Fly to Me
Other versions
Holland, CD
July 23rd 2004
Everybody's Changing
Fly to Me
France, CD
March 21st 2005
Everybody's Changing
Somewhere Only We Know (Live) (Forum, London, May 10th 2004)
UK, 3" Pocket CD
July 19th 2004
Everybody's Changing
Fly to Me
Everybody's Changing (Polytone)
Fly to Me (Polytone)
Everybody's Changing (Truetone)
Fly to Me (Truetone)
Music videos
There are two music videos for this song:
- (UK, Int’l) Keane appear playing in a white room.
- (US) Keane appear on a scene representing a sunset and shots of gigs in London, Mexico City and United States.
2003 songs
Keane songs |
32794 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominic%20Scott | Dominic Scott | Dominic "Dom" Scott (15 May 1979) is an Irish guitarist, known for being the guitarist for the rock band Keane. He is the co-founder of a band named,"The Lotus Eaters" It was founded in 1995 withTim Rice-Oxley. They invited Richard Hughes to play the drums.
In 1997 Rice-Oxley asked Scott and Hughes to let Tom Chaplin join the band. Scott and Hughes firstly refused but then accepted.
He left in 2001, after the single "Wolf at the Door" because of musical differences with Rice-Oxley. His exit was friendly. Keane wrote a message on their official page on 14 November 2001 saying this:
"One sad piece of news for us is that in July our guitarist Dom decided to leave the band and return to his studies at LSE. We wish him all the best with that."
Rice-Oxley also said in an interview in Mexico: "Dom is a great fan of U2 so maybe we'll met in New York" (Because Keane was the opening band for U2 in 2005).
1979 births
Living people
Irish guitarists
Keane
Rock guitarists |
32795 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langeoog | Langeoog | Langeoog (Low German: Long Island) is a German Island in the North Sea.
Langeoog is about 10 kilometers long (from east to west), has a 14 kilometer long beach and covers an area of about 20 km². There are about 2000 people living on Langeoog.
Traffic
Cars are not allowed to drive on Langeoog. People on the Island use bikes. The port and the village are linked with a small railway, the so-called "Inselbahn" (Island's Rail). The Railway is about 2.4 kilometers long.
The harbour of Langeoog is quite big. It was built in World War II by the German Navy. Today the harbour is used by ferries, that connect Langoog with the harbour of Bensersiel on the coast. The Langeoog harbour is also used by sailors, some fishermen and the German Society for Rescuing Ship-Wreckers.
There is also a little airfield on Langeoog.
Landmarks
The landmark of Langeoog is the Water-Tower, that was built in 1909 on top of a dune near the village.
Tourism
Tourism is the main source of income for Langeoog's economy. There are several hotels. The youth hostel can be found several kilometers outside the village.
References
Other websites
Official site
Langeoog Island Ferry
Langeoog Online - Travel and Tourism Directory
Online Magazine Langeoog
Islands of Germany
Towns in Lower Saxony |
32801 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirt | Shirt | A shirt is a kind of cloth which is made to cover the upper body. In North America, shirts can mean T-shirts, polo shirts, etc. In Britain, a shirt has a collar, sleeves with cuffs and split in half with buttons on one side. (North Americans would call this a "dress shirt", a specific type of "collared shirt"). Some shirts have sleeves, that cover the arms. T-shirts are a type of shirt that has shorter sleeves. These sleeves cover the shoulders. Shirts that do not have sleeves are called "sleeveless".
References
Tops (clothing) |
32804 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-shirt | T-shirt | A T-shirt or tee shirt is a kind of shirt which has short sleeves. These sleeves cover the shoulders and the top of the arm, but they do not cover the elbow or the forearm. T-shirts are usually made from cotton fabric or fabric which contains a mix of cotton and polyester. T-shirts are usually considered a casual type of clothing. Both men and women wear T-shirts in Western countries, such as the United States, Canada, England, and France. In some countries, such as Muslim countries, women do not wear T-shirts outside of the home.
Tops (clothing) |
32805 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleeve | Sleeve | A sleeve is a piece of material which covers an arm. It is usually a part of a shirt or other garment.
Clothing |
32809 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxi | Taxi | A taxi (taxicab or cab in the United States) is a car, or other vehicle which is used for public transport. People use them to get to where they want to go. This means there are no stops in between where they get on and where they get off. Many big cities have taxis.
In most other types of public transport, such as a bus, tram, or train, the rider does not get to choose the locations where they want to get picked up or dropped off. These vehicles often take certain roads or follow a very specific route. Because of this, they usually do not stop exactly where people want to go.
Riding a taxi is a lot like having your own car, but you don't drive it. You only tell the taxi driver where you want to go and he or she will take you there. How much you pay for the ride, in most cases, depends on how far you are going from where you get on. It is common for the price for a taxi ride to be more expensive than other forms of transport.
History
The first taxi-type system started in Paris and London in the early 17th century. These were carts pulled by (carriages) and could be hired. The monarchies that ruled these cities controlled the rules. In the 19th century, Hansom cabs were mostly used because of their higher level of safety.
Taximeter
The 1891 invention by German Wilhelm Bruhn of the taximeter helped establish the modern taxi. The first modern meter-equipped taxicab was the Daimler Victoria, built by Gottlieb Daimler in 1897. The first motorized taxi company began operating in Stuttgart the same year.
The term taximeter is an adaptation of the French word 'taximètre', and the German word 'taxameter'. It means measuring a tax or fee.
Related pages
Automobile
Cabriolet
References
Automobiles
Public transport |
32811 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastbourne | Eastbourne | Eastbourne is a large town in East Sussex, on the south coast of England between Brighton and Hastings. It is in the county of Sussex. It is a place where people go on holiday and also where non-English speakers go to learn English. It is at the eastern end of the chalk hills called the South Downs, and next to the high cliff at Beachy Head. The town was built in the early 19th century for people to visit the seaside. A railway station was built in 1849.
Geography
Eastbourne lies next to chalk hills called the South Downs. The famous chalk cliffs Beachy Head is in the town. Eastbourne's architecture and buildings are mainly from the Victorian and Georgian periods. Eastbourne has recently built a marina called Sovereign Harbour which makes the town bigger.
Census
Eastbourne's population was approximately 97,992 in 2009.
15.9% of residents are aged 0 to 14.
18.0% of residents are aged 15 to 29.
18.0% of residents are aged 30 to 44.
25.0% of residents are aged 45 to 65.
10.3% of residents are aged 65 to 74.
8.6% of residents are aged 75 to 84.
4.2 of residents are aged 85+
Most jobs in Eastbourne are in tourism or tourism-related services.
Politics
As of 7 May 2015, the MP for Eastbourne is Caroline Ansell. She is a member of the Conservatives.
Eastbourne Borough Council has 27 members (called councillors). Currently, there are 15 Conservative councillors, 11 Liberal Democrat councillors and one independent councillor. The leader of the council is Councillor Ian Lucas.
History
There have been people living in the Eastbourne area since 4000BC, but the town did not develop until around 1150AD. St. Mary's Church (now in Eastbourne's Old Town) was first built between 1160 and 1190. Eastbourne was strategically important during the Napoleonic Wars and had a Martello Tower built from 1804 to 1810. The tower is one of few Martello Towers that are still standing, and is now called the Wish Tower.
The town became much bigger after a railway station was built there in 1849. It joined Eastbourne to London, Brighton and the South Coast Railway. From 1858, William Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Burlington (later 7th Duke of Cavendish) invested a lot of money into the town. The elegant areas of Meads, Devonshire Park and the Western Parades were developed as a result of his investment. Cavendish's influence is recognised by many place and business names in Eastbourne, for example: the Cavendish School, the Burlington Hotel, or the Devonshire Park Theatre.
Eastbourne Pier was first built in 1865. It is a famous symbol of Eastbourne and today houses amusement arcades, a nightclub and a public house. It also has a rare, working camera obscura.
Notable Residents
John Bodkin Adams, suspected serial killer, lived and worked in Eastbourne from 1922 until his death in 1983. He is thought to have murdered at least 163 people, but was never found guilty of any.
Aleister Crowley, occultist and mystic, spent one year at school in Eastbourne.
References
Other websites
Eastbourne Borough Council
The Francis Frith Collection of Historical Photographs
Eastbourne
19th-century establishments in England |
32812 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunburn | Sunburn | A sunburn is a kind of burn that happens when skin is exposed to sunlight for too long. The ultraviolet part of sunlight breaks down natural chemicals in the skin. This makes the skin become red. A sunburn can be painful. Sunburns stay for days or weeks.
People with lighter skin have more sunburns than people with darker skin. This is because of a dark pigment called melanin that protects the skin. There is more of it in dark-skinned people than in light-skinned people. Eventually, if exposed to too much sunlight, skin cancer may develop.
Dermatology |
32821 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antwerp | Antwerp | Antwerpen is a city in Antwerp province in the north of Belgium. It is at 51° 12 North, 04° 24 East.
It is the capital of the province with the same name.
In 2007, 466,203 people lived there. The city is divided in 9 zones, called districts:
Antwerp
Berchem
Berendrecht-Zandvliet-Lillo
Borgerhout
Deurne
Ekeren
Hoboken
Merksem
Wilrijk
References
Olympic cities |
32823 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trieste | Trieste | Trieste (/triˈɛst/ tree-EST, Italian: [triˈɛste]; Slovene: Trst [tə́ɾst]; German: Triest, German pronunciation: [tʁiˈɛst]) is a city in the north-east of Italy in the region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia.
Characteristics
Trieste was a Roman city that in the Middle Ages was under the control of the Republic of Venice. Later the city was under Austrian domination until the first years of the 20th century, when Italian irredentism was very strong in Trieste.
Indeed, together with Trento, Trieste was the main focus of the Italian irredentist movement, which aimed for the annexation to Italy of all the lands they claimed were inhabited by an Italian speaking population. Many local Italians enrolled voluntarily in the Royal Italian Army during WWI (a notable example is the writer Scipio Slataper).
The population of Trieste, practically nearly all Italian, promoted this union of the city to Italy in 1918, and since the end of WWI the city has been the capital of the Italian region called Venezia Giulia.
The population is 207.069 ab. (2004). It was nearly 300,000 after WWII because many Italian refugees flooded the city as a consequence of the Istrian-Dalmatian exodus.
These days, Trieste is important because of its shipbuilding industry, science parks, universities and "history on the border of western Europe". Trieste will be connected to the Italian "TAV railway" (High Speed) network: a 300 km/hour (186 mph) fast train route is going to connect Trieste with Venice in the next few years.
Economy
During the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Trieste became a leading European city in economy, trade and commerce, and was the fourth largest and most important center in the Empire, after Vienna, Budapest and Prague. However the economy of Trieste fell into a small decline after the city's annexation to Italy following World War I, because was cut off from the "Mittleurope".
But Fascist Italy promoted a huge development of Trieste in the 1930s, with new manufacturing activities related even to naval and armament industries (like the famous "Cantieri Aeronautici Navali Triestini (CANT)"). Allied bombings during WWII destroyed the industrial section of the city (mainly the shipyards).
As a consequence Trieste was a mainly peripheral city during the Cold War. However, since the 1970s, Trieste has had a huge economic boom, thanks to a significant commercial shipping business to the container terminal, steel works and an oil terminal.
Trieste is also Italy's and Mediterranean's (and one of Europe's) greatest coffee ports, as the city supplies more than 40% of Italy's coffee. Coffee brands, such as Illy, were founded and are headquartered in the city. Currently, Trieste is one of Europe's most important ports and centres for trade and transport, with Trieste being part of the "Corridor 5" plan, to create a bigger transport connection between Western and Eastern European countries.
Gallery
Related pages
Italy
Italian irredentism in Istria
Bibliography
Angelo Ara, Claudio Magris. Trieste. Un'identità di frontiera. Einaudi Editore. Torino, 2000
Fabio Cusin. Appunti alla storia di Trieste. Del Bianco Editore. Udine, 1983.
References
Other websites
Trieste's English traveller's guide
Trieste - Photo Guide - - (pdf)
Regional capitals in Italy |
32825 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offenbach%20am%20Main | Offenbach am Main | Offenbach is a city in the German state of Hesse. It is on the river Main near Frankfurt am Main. The city has about 120,000 people. The Deutscher Wetterdienst (German weather service) is in Offenbach.
Economy
Until the early 1970s the economy of Offenbach was mainly the machine-building and leather industries. The city is the home of the German Association for Electrical, Electronic and Information Technologies until today.
Twinned cities
Offenbach has the following twin cities:
References
Other websites
Cities in Hesse |
32826 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heilbronn | Heilbronn | Heibronn (German: [haɪlˈbʁɔn]; Alemannic German: Hailbrunn, local dialect: Hallbrunn, Haalbrunn) is a city in Germany in the state of Baden-Württemberg. With about 117,000 people, Heilbronn is the sixth largest town in Baden-Württemberg.
Heilbronn is also on the river Neckar and is known for the wine which was grown in their region and the Kätchen a famous sign.
References
Other websites |
32827 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hildesheim | Hildesheim | is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is in the district of Hildesheim and is about 30 km southeast of Hanover. The city is on the banks of the River Innerste, which is a smaller river that flows into the River Leine. It can be reached from Autobahn A7, which links Kassel, Göttingen and Hanover.
It has about 110,000 people living there.
History
Hildesheim is one of the oldest cities in North Germany. The city may have been founded when the bishop moved from Elze to the Innerste ford, where it was an important market on the Hellweg trade route. The settlement soon grew into a town which was granted market rights by King Otto III in 983. Originally the market was held on a street called Old Market (Alter Markt), which still exists today. The first market place was laid out around Saint Andrew's Church. As the city grew larger, a larger market place became more important. The current market place in Hildesheim was made at the start of the 13th century when the city had a population of about 5,000. When Hildesheim obtained city rights in 1249, it was one of the largest cities in Northern Germany. For four centuries the clergy ruled Hildesheim, before a city hall was built and the citizens gained some influence and independence. Construction of the present City Hall started in 1268, and in 1367 Hildesheim became a member of the Hanseatic League. A war between the citizens and their bishop cost dearly in 1519-1523 when they engaged in a feud. Hildesheim became Protestant in 1542, and only the cathedral and a few other buildings remained in Imperial (Roman Catholic) hands. Several villages around the city remained Roman Catholic as well. In 1813, after the Napoleonic Wars, the town became part of the Kingdom of Hanover, which was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia after the Austro-Prussian War in 1866 as a province.
The city was bombed in World War II, but the bombing had little importance in the course of the war. 28.5% of the houses were destroyed and 44.7% damaged. 26.8% of the houses had no damage. The center, which still had its medieval character until then, was almost levelled. As in many cities, priority was given to rapid building of badly needed housing, and concrete structures took the place of the destroyed buildings. Fortunately, most of the major churches, two of them now UNESCO World Heritage Sites, were rebuilt in the original style soon after the war. During the war, valuable world heritage materials had been hidden in the basement of the city wall. In 1978, the University of Hildesheim was founded. In the 1980s a reconstruction of the historic center began. Some of the new concrete buildings near the marketplace were torn down. Replicas of the original buildings were built in their place.
Population history
¹ census data
Images of the city
References
Other websites
The city's website.
360° Panoramas Hildesheim
Article about Hildesheim
Pictures |
32828 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pforzheim | Pforzheim | Pforzheim (Alemannic German: Pforze) is a city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg.
It has about 116,000 inhabitants.
References
Other websites |
32830 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recklinghausen | Recklinghausen | Recklinghausen (Westphalian: Riäkelhusen) is a city in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, belonging to the Ruhr area. It has about 120,000 inhabitants.
References
Recklinghausen Rural District |
32832 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfsburg | Wolfsburg | Wolfsburg is a city in the German state of Lower Saxony.
It had about 124,000 inhabitants in 2016. The automobile company Volkswagen has its main office in Wolfsburg.
References
Other websites |
32834 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergisch%20Gladbach | Bergisch Gladbach | Bergisch Gladbach (; Ripuarian: Jläbbisch Gläbbich) is a city in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
It is near to Cologne and has about 110,016 inhabitants.
Well-known people
Heidi Klum (b. 1973), model, actress and singer
References
Other websites
Rheinisch-Bergische Rural District |
32835 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erlangen | Erlangen | Erlangen (; East Franconian: Erlang) is a German city in the state of Bavaria.
It has about 105,000 inhabitants.
Erlangen is near to Nuremberg (Nürnberg). Both cities share the University Erlangen-Nürnberg.
References |
32836 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gera | Gera | Gera is a city in the east of Germany, in the state of Thuringia.
It has about 100,000 inhabitants.
History
In the beginning, "Gera" was not the name of a village or city, but of a region or district. This district was mentioned in a document for the first time in the year 995. Four years later, in 999, the Holy Roman Emperor Otto III gave this district to his sister Adelheid, who was an abbess in Quedlinburg.
In the center of this area, the "provincia Gera", a town with the same name was established. Another document, which is from the year 1237, said for the first time that there was a town called Gera. In this town, the abbesses of Quedlinburg had some officials which were called the Vögte of Gera. These officials were the ancestors of the counts and princes of Reuß, which reigned in Gera for many years, until the year 1918.
In the early modern period, Gera was famous for making textiles. There were some fires in which a lot of the town was destroyed, for example in 1686 and in 1780. In 1806, Napoleon was in Gera before the Battle of Jena.
In the 19th century, Gera became an important city of industry. Before that, Gera was a quite small town, but in the year 1900, it had already about 45,000 inhabitants.
In 1920, Thuringia was founded as a state of the Weimar Republic. Gera was the biggest city of the state, because Erfurt was not yet a part of Thuringia. At the end of World War II, some parts of Gera were destroyed by bombs, for example the Osterstein Castle.
After World War II, Gera was in the Soviet Occupation Zone and then in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). From 1952 to 1990, it was the capital of the Gera District (Bezirk Gera) of the GDR.
Since the German Reunification in 1990, Gera belongs to the Free State of Thuringia in the Federal Republic of Germany.
Population
Since 1959, Gera has had more than 100,000 inhabitants. The highest number of inhabitants of Gera was 134,834 in the year 1988. Since the German Reunification, the number of inhabitants becomes smaller and smaller. Now there are fewer people who live in Gera than in Jena, so Gera is only the third-biggest city in Thuringia. On 31 December 2008, there were only 100,643 people living in Gera.
Sights
The Market Square with the City Hall (Rathaus) from 1575, the Simson Fountain (Simsonbrunnen) from 1686 and the City Pharmacy (Stadtapotheke) from about 1600
The Geraer Höhler (cellars under the houses in the city center, in which the owners kept their beer in the 18th century)
The Theatre from 1902
The Orangerie from 1748, which is now the art gallery of Gera
St. Salvator's Church (Salvatorkirche) from 1717 (Baroque)
St. John's Church (Johanniskirche) from 1884 (Gothic Revival architecture
St. Mary's Church (Marienkirche) in the quarter of Untermhaus with the Otto Dix Birthhouse
The Hofwiesenpark, a new park where the Bundesgartenschau 2007 was held
Twin towns
Gera has got twelve twin towns. Eleven of them are in Europe.
People
These famous people were born in Gera:
Otto Dix (1891–1969), painter
Georg Buschner (1925–2007), head coach of the East Germany national football team
Max Frankel (born 1930), executive editor of the New York Times and Pulitzer Prize winner
Marlies Göhr (born 1958), athlete
Olaf Ludwig (born 1960), cyclist
Wolfgang Tiefensee (born 1955), politician
Heike Drechsler (born 1964), athlete
References
Other websites
Urban Districts of Thuringia |
32838 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remscheid | Remscheid | Remscheid is a city in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
It has about 115,000 inhabitants.
References
Urban districts in Regierungsbezirk Düsseldorf |
32852 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undernet | Undernet | Undernet is an Internet Relay Chat network that was made in 1992. It has many channels, but there are few limits to what kind of channels can be made.
Internet Relay Chat |
32853 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced%20Micro%20Devices | Advanced Micro Devices | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD) is a large American company from Sunnyvale, California that makes computer hardware components. It makes many different computer parts, but it is most famous for its Central Processing Units (CPUs) and Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). Another important product are their motherboard chipsets for their CPUs. AMD started as a company that made products for Intel, another large hardware company, and competitor of AMD. In 2006 AMD bought ATI Technologies. with $4.3 billion dollars of cash and 52 million AMD stocks. In 2020 AMD said that they are buying Xilinx, a company that makes circuits that can be changed using computer code (FPGA).
Ryzen is AMD's brand name for their CPUs for normal use. Ryzen CPUs has had between 2 and 64 cores and can achieve speeds above 5 Gigahertz (or GHz). Radeon is their brand name for other computer products like GPUs and computer parts made by other companies that AMD put their brand on (OEM).
References
American computer hardware manufacturers
1969 establishments in the United States
Companies based in California |
32858 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois%20Institute%20of%20Technology | Illinois Institute of Technology | The Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) is a private university in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is one of the best universities in the United States as U.S. News & World Report, a magazine, puts it at number 108. Most students of this university focus on science or technology as their major, or subject they study most. IIT was created in 1940 by the merger of the Armour Institute of Technology and Lewis Institute.
Architecture
The campus, roughly bounded between 31st and 35th streets, Michigan Avenue and the Dan Ryan Expressway, was designed by modernist architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, "one of the great figures of 20th-century architecture", who chaired the IIT School of Architecture from 1938 to 1958. Van der Rohe's master plan for the IIT campus was one of the most ambitious projects he ever conceived. The campus has twenty of his works. It is the greatest concentration of his buildings in the world. The layout of the campus departs radically from "traditional college quadrangles and limestone buildings". The materials are inspired by the factories and warehouses of Chicago's South Side and "embod[y] 20th century methods and materials: steel and concrete frames with curtain walls of brick and glass."
Alfred Caldwell designed the campus landscape. Caldwall was van der Rohe's close colleague at IIT and was called "the last representative of the Prairie School of landscape architects." Known as "the nature poet", Caldwell's plan reinforced van der Rohe's design with "landscaping planted in a free-flowing manner, which in its interaction with the pristine qualities of the architecture, introduce[d] a poetic aspect."
On the west side of Main Campus are three red brick buildings that were original to Armour Institute, built between 1891 and 1901. In 1938, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe began his 20-year tenure as director of IIT's School of Architecture (1938–1959). The university was on the verge of building a brand new campus, to be one of the nation's first federally funded urban renewal projects. Mies was given great freedom in the large project. The university grew fast enough during and after World War II to allow much of the new plan to be realized. From 1943 to 1957, several new Mies buildings rose across campus, including the S.R. Crown Hall, which houses the architecture school, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2001.
Though Mies had emphasized his wish to complete the campus he had begun, commissions from the late 50s onward were given to Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill (SOM), prompting Mies to never return to the campus that had changed architecture the world over. SOM architect Walter Netsch designed a few buildings, including the new library that Mies had wished to create, all of them similar to Mies's style. By the late 1960s, campus addition projects were given to SOM's Myron Goldsmith, who had worked with Mies during his education at IIT and thus was able to design several new buildings to harmonize well with the original campus. In 1976, the American Institute of Architects recognized the campus as one of the 200 most significant works of architecture in the United States. The new campus center, designed by Rem Koolhaas, and a new state-of-the-art residence hall designed by Helmut Jahn, State Street Village, opened in 2003. These were the first new buildings built on the Main Campus in 32 years.
In 1976, American Institute of Architects named the IIT campus one of the 200 most significant works of architecture in the United States. The IIT Main Campus was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.
References
Colleges and universities in Chicago
1940 establishments in Illinois |
32859 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann%20Minkowski | Hermann Minkowski | Hermann Minkowski (22 June 1864 in Kaunas – 12 January 1909 in Göttingen) was a German mathematician of Jewish descent. He was one of Albert Einstein's teachers.
Minkowski is perhaps best known for his work in relativity, in which he showed in 1907 that his former student Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity (1905), could be understood geometrically as a theory of four-dimensional space-time, since known as the "Minkowski spacetime".
References
1864 births
1909 deaths
German mathematicians
Jewish German academics
Jewish German scientists
Lithuanian Jews
People from Kaunas
Russian Jews |
32860 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate%20of%20deposit | Certificate of deposit | A certificate of deposit (CD) is a way to store money at a bank or credit union. A CD is written for a period of time: usually between three months and five years. The person who wanted the CD—the consumer—agrees to give the money to the bank for that period of time and may not take the money back until the time has expired. If the consumer takes the money back before the agreed amount of time, they will have to pay a penalty fee. Once your contract is over, you are given your money back plus the interest it earned. People open CDs instead of savings accounts because the interest is higher. A certificate of deposit (which is common only in the United States) is similar to a time deposit.
Money |
32863 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cousins%20Subs | Cousins Subs | Cousins Subs is a "sub" shop that makes submarine sandwiches. It was created in the 1970s in Wisconsin.
They opened their first restaurant in Milwaukee, at 60th Street and Silver Spring Drive. It closed after several years of success. The oldest Cousins Subs is on the corner of Brady Street and Farwell Avenue in Milwaukee.
American fast food restaurants
1970s establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Wisconsin |
32873 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Walpole | Robert Walpole | Sir Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford was a British politician. He is regarded by many as the first de facto Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (then called Great Britain). The position of prime minister was not actually official at that time.
Walpole He was born in Houghton, Norfolk on 26 August 1676. He died on 18 March 1745. Historians think he became England's first Prime Minister in 1721. He was then Prime Minister for a longer time than anyone who came after him. This long time is sometimes called "the robinocracy" (Robin is a common version of Robert).
Although the exact dates of Walpole's dominance are not entirely clear, the period 1721–1742 is often used. He dominated the Walpole–Townshend ministry, as well as the subsequent Walpole ministry, and holds the record as the longest-serving British prime minister in history.
W.A. Speck wrote that Walpole's uninterrupted run of 20 years as Prime Minister "is rightly regarded as one of the major feats of British political history... Explanations are usually offered in terms of his expert handling of the political system after 1720, [and] his unique blending of the surviving powers of the crown with the increasing influence of the Commons".
References
1676 births
1745 deaths
People from Norfolk
Whig party (UK) politicians
Prime Ministers of Great Britain |
32876 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeuwarden | Leeuwarden | Leeuwarden is a city in the north of the Netherlands.
It has about 110,000 inhabitants. It is the capital of a part of the Netherlands where a lot of people speak Frisian. The name of that province is Friesland. Leeuwarden is called Ljouwert in Frisian.
On 1 January 2014, Boarnsterhim is a part of the municipality of Leeuwarden. On 1 January 2018, it was enlarged by Leeuwarderadeel and parts of the former municipality of Littenseradiel.
References
Cities in Friesland
Provincial capitals of the Netherlands |
32877 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middelburg%2C%20Netherlands | Middelburg, Netherlands | Middelburg is a town and municipality on the (former) island of Walcheren, Province of Zeeland, the Netherlands.
It is the capital of Zeeland.
About 48,000 people were living in the municipality in 2017.<br/ >
About 40,000 people were living in the town in 2011.
Middelburg received city rights in 1217.
Related pages
Four Freedoms Award
Other websites
Cities in the Netherlands
Municipalities of Zeeland
Settlements in Zeeland
Provincial capitals of the Netherlands |
32878 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haarlem | Haarlem | Haarlem is a city in the Netherlands and the capital of the province North Holland. It has about 145,000 inhabitants. It has a very old door called Smedestraat 33.
Other websites
Website of the communal administration
pictures from Haarlem
Cities in the Netherlands
Settlements in North Holland
Provincial capitals of the Netherlands |
32879 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lelystad | Lelystad | Lelystad is a town in the middle of the Netherlands.
It has about 71,000 inhabitants. It is also the capital of Flevoland, one of the provinces of the Netherlands.
Other websites
Lelystad website
Settlements in Flevoland
Municipalities of Flevoland
Provincial capitals of the Netherlands |
32880 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assen | Assen | Assen is a town in the north-east of the Netherlands.
It has about 65,000 inhabitants. It's the capital of Drenthe.
Cities in the Netherlands
Settlements in Drenthe
Municipalities of Drenthe
Provincial capitals of the Netherlands |
32881 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breda | Breda | Breda is a city in the south of the Netherlands.
It has about 184,000 inhabitants (2021).
Cities in the Netherlands
Settlements in North Brabant |
32882 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enschede | Enschede | Enschede (Low Saxon: Eanske) is a municipality and city in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. About 160,000 people were living there in 2021.
It is the biggest city in Overijssel and borders Germany.
Enschede is also (informally) the capital of Twente region.
Fireworks accident
On 13 May 2000 there was a huge destruction caused by an accident in a fireworks factory. Twenty-three people were killed, while almost a thousand people were injured. Thousands of people lost their homes.
Related pages
FC Twente
University of Twente
References
Plaatsengids.nl
Cities in the Netherlands
Settlements in Overijssel |
32883 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amersfoort | Amersfoort | Amersfoort is a city in the middle of the Netherlands.
About 140,000 people live there. The city is between the hills of the "Heuvelrug" and the valley of the river Eem.
Cities in the Netherlands
Settlements in Utrecht (province) |
32884 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoetermeer | Zoetermeer | Zoetermeer is a city in South Holland in the Netherlands (it has no city rights).
About 125,000 people are living there in 2017.
It is between Utrecht and Den Haag. It is part of the Randstad.
Cities in the Netherlands
Municipalities of South Holland
Settlements in South Holland |
32885 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almere | Almere | Almere is a city in the Netherlands (no city rights).
It is in the province of Flevoland and nearby Amsterdam and has about 215,000 people (2021).
Other websites
Almere website
Cities in the Netherlands
Settlements in Flevoland
Municipalities of Flevoland |
32886 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilversum | Hilversum | Hilversum is a city in North Holland in the Netherlands (no city rights). It lies between Amsterdam and Utrecht. About 85,000 people live there.
Well-known people
Joop den Uyl (1919-1987), Prime Minister
Cities in the Netherlands
Settlements in North Holland |
32887 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roermond | Roermond | Roermond is a town in the province Limburg in the east of the Netherlands. It has about 45,000 people living in it.
Since 2007, Swalmen became a part of the municipality of Roermond.
Cities in the Netherlands
Settlements in Limburg (Netherlands)
Municipalities of Limburg (Netherlands) |
32888 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venlo | Venlo | Venlo is a city in Limburg in the very east of the Netherlands. It has about 100,000 inhabitants and lives mainly on one-day-trip-tourism from neighbouring Germany and logistics. It used to be a city of the Hanseatic League.
Since 2010, Arcen en Velden became a part of the municipality of Venlo.
Cities in the Netherlands
Settlements in Limburg (Netherlands) |
32889 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delft | Delft | Delft is a city in the province South Holland in the Netherlands. It is about halfway between Rotterdam and The Hague. It is famous for its Delft Blue pottery and the Delft University of Technology. It is the place where the royal family, the kings and queens, are buried. It has about 94,000 inhabitants.
Things to see
Delft is a city with typical Dutch canals, churches and large canal houses. The largest church in Delft is the Nieuwe Kerk (New Church).
Cities in the Netherlands
Settlements in South Holland |
32890 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deventer | Deventer | Deventer is a municipality and city in the province of Overijssel, the Netherlands. About 101,000 people were living there in 2021. It lies both in Salland and IJsselvallei regions, alongside the eastern bank of the IJssel river.
Deventer was founded by Lebuinus around 768. He built a wooden church there.
A Catholic community called the Brethren of the Common Life was founded by priest Geert Groote in this city late 14th century. This community was connected with a Catholic reform movement called the Devotio Moderna, which was largely based on Groote and founded the same time.
Deventer is well-known for its cake, the so-called Deventer Koek.
References
Plaatsengids.nl
Cities in the Netherlands
Settlements in Overijssel
Municipalities of Overijssel
IJsselvallei (Overijssel)
Salland |
32891 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ede | Ede | Ede is a city in the Netherlands with 65,000 inhabitants, the communal district (gemeente) of Ede has 107,000 inhabitants.
Cities in the Netherlands
Settlements in Gelderland
Municipalities of Gelderland |
32893 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freud%20Museum | Freud Museum | The Freud Museum was the home of Sigmund Freud and his family after they escaped the Nazi takeover of Austria in 1938. It is at 20 Maresfield Gardens in Hampstead, London.
After the death of Anna Freud, the youngest daughter, in 1982, the home became a museum. The centrepiece of the museum is Freud's study, preserved just as it was during his lifetime.
There are two other Freud Museums, one in Vienna, and another in Příbor, the Czech Republic, in the house where Freud was born.
The study
The study and library were preserved by Anna Freud after her father's death. The bookshelf behind Freud's desk contains some of his favourite authors: not only Goethe and Shakespeare but also Heine, Multatuli and Anatole France. Freud acknowledged that poets and philosophers had gained insights into the unconscious which psychoanalysis sought to explain systematically.
The room contains the original analytic couch brought from Berggasse 19. On this patients would recline comfortably while Freud, out of sight in the green tub chair, listened to their 'free association'. They were asked to say everything that came to mind without consciously sifting or selecting information. This method became a foundation upon which psychoanalysis was built.
Antiquities
The study is filled with antiquities from ancient Greece, Rome, Egypt and the Orient. There are some fine masks and carving from Africa. Freud visited many archaeological sites (though not Egypt). Most of the collection was got from dealers in Vienna.
He confessed that his passion for collecting was second only to his addiction to cigars. The importance of the collection can be seen in Freud's use of archaeology as a metaphor for psychoanalysis. One example of this is Freud's explanation to a patient that conscious material 'wears away' while what is unconscious is relatively unchanging: "I illustrated my remarks by pointing to the antique objects about my room. They were, in fact, I said, only objects found in a tomb, and their burial had been their preservation".
The collection includes a portrait of Freud by Salvador Dalí.
References
Other websites
Freud Museum website
Freud Museum in Vienna
Museums in London |
32910 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu | Emu | The emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) is a large flightless bird. It is native to Australia. The emu is the tallest bird from Australia. It is also the second tallest bird in the world, after its ratite relative, the ostrich. The emu is also related to the cassowary which is slightly smaller but heavier. It should also be noted, as an odd fact, that the Emus won a war against Australia.
Other emus
There were four separate groups of emus in 1788 when the European settlers arrived. The emus on the mainland of Australia and those on the island of Tasmania may have been different species.
There were also two species of dwarf emu, Dromaius minor, one living on King Island in Tasmania and the other on Kangaroo Island. They are examples of island dwarfism. The group on King Island became extinct in 1805, that on Kangaroo Island in 1827, and that in Tasmania in 1865.
Description
The soft-feathered, brown birds reach up to in height. Their feathers are in a double layer which helps keep the emu cool. They have bare skin on the sides of the face and their neck. They can weigh up to . They have two large legs, with three toes on each foot. Their wings are very short, about
, and are hidden under their feathers.
They can live up to 10–20 years
The emu is common over most of mainland Australia. It avoids very thick forests and very dry areas. Emus can travel great distances at a fast trot. If necessary they can run at up to for some distance at a time. They may travel long distances to find food. One emu was found to have traveled .
Diet
They feed on a variety of plants (seeds, flowers, new growth) and insects. Because of their size they need to eat a lot.
Breeding
Emus are solitary birds. However, the young chicks stay with the father until they are 18 months of age. The breeding season is between February and July, when the female can lay between 5-15 eggs in a ground nest built by the male. The male then sits on the eggs for 8 weeks until hatching. The baby chicks have very clear stripes on the feathers which act as camouflage.
On the east coast of Australia, emus were once common but have become uncommon with increased human population. On the other hand, the development of farms and the supply of water for stock have increased the range of the Emu in arid (dry) regions. Emus are farmed for their meat, oil and leather. The first emu farms began in Western Australia during the 1970s.
In captivity
There are approximately 1100 emus in zoos.
The history of the name
The first written description of the emu was under the name of the New Holland Cassowary in Arthur Phillip's Voyage to Botany Bay, published in 1789. The species was named by ornithologist (bird expert) John Latham, who worked on Phillip's book. He provided the first descriptions of and names for many Australian bird species. Its scientific name, Dromaius novaehollandiae, is from the Latin words, meaning "fast-footed New Hollander". The history of the common name, emu, is not certain, but is thought to have come from an Arabic word for large bird. This word was later used by Portuguese explorers to describe the related Cassowary in New Guinea. In Victoria, some Indigenous Australian words for the emu were Barrimal in the Djadja wurrung language, myoure in Gunai, and courn in Jardwadjali.
References
Birds of Australia
Ratites
Struthioniformes |
32911 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiwi | Kiwi | The kiwi is a type of bird from New Zealand. They are the genus Apteryx of the family Apterygidae. There are several species and sub-species of kiwi. The kiwi is a symbol for New Zealand. People from New Zealand are nicknamed "Kiwis".
They have a long beak and brown feathers. The feathers look like fur. Kiwi cannot fly, and their wings are so small that they cannot usually be seen. Kiwi cannot see well, but they can hear very well. They are the smallest ratite birds.
Life
Kiwi are night (nocturnal) birds. They mostly eat invertebrates, like worms and insects. Kiwi keep a territory where they live alone or with their mate. In their territory they build several small caves where they sleep, or lay their eggs.
Kiwi are monogamous; the male and female stay together until one of them dies. The male and female live in the same territory and raise their children together.
Female kiwi lay 1-3 eggs. Compared to the size of the mother, the eggs are the largest of any bird species. Kiwi are mature when they are 2 years old, and they can live more than 20 years. One kiwi kept in a zoo even reached 35 years old.
Eggs
The female brown kiwi lays enormous eggs, which are almost one-sixth of her own body weight. These eggs take 11 weeks to incubate, the longest time for any bird. In comparison, Yellow-breasted Chats' eggs take only 11 days, and chickens' eggs take 21 days.
Habitat
Kiwi prefer to live in burrows they make in forested areas. They either make their burrows in the ground like rabbits, in between the roots of trees, or in hidden sheltered places such as hollow logs. Kiwi line their burrows with leaves to make them more comfortable and warm. Sometimes they hide the entrance to their burrows using piles of twigs. Kiwi may have more than ten different burrows in their territory and will swap between them sometimes.
Kiwi are threatened by many mammals. Stoats are the main threat for the kiwi chicks. Ferrets and dogs kill adult kiwi.
References
Birds of New Zealand
Ratites
Struthioniformes |
32912 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodo | Dodo | The dodo (Raphus cucullatus) is an extinct species of flightless bird from Mauritius.
Like many other island birds, they lost the power of flight because it was no advantage where they lived. Dodos were in the same family as the pigeon. They were endemic to (only lived on) the island of Mauritius. They became extinct in the late 17th century.
The Dodo has become a symbol of extinction caused by the arrival of humans in ecosystems where humans had never before lived.
The name 'Dodo'
The history of the word 'Dodo' is not clear. Dutch admiral Wybrand van Warwijck discovered the island and the bird in 1598 during an expedition to Indonesia. He called the bird 'walgvogel', meaning "disgusting bird" because he disliked the taste of the meat. Four years later, the Dutch captain, Willem van Westsanen, used the word 'Dodo' for the first time.
The Encarta Dictionary and the Chambers Dictionary of Etymology say "dodo" is a Portuguese word, coming from doido. It means "fool" or "crazy". Another idea is that 'dodo' was a copy of the bird's own call, a two-note pigeon like sound, "doo-doo".
In 1606 Cornelis de Jonge wrote a description of the Dodo, and of other animal and plants on the island .
Description
The dodo was a large bird and weighed about . They had grey feathers and yellow feet. Their big hooked bill was a green/yellow color. It had short wings that were only stubs. They ate fruit, seeds and nuts. Portuguese sailors said that they saw the Dodos eating fish. They also ate rocks and stones which might have helped them digest food. They are eaten by humans who come in the search of treasure or spouting.
Extinction
The dodo was not scared of people which made it easy to hunt and kill. Dogs, cats, rats and pigs were left on the island and also killed the dodos. Because dodos built their nests on the ground, the new animals ate their eggs. The forests were chopped down and the dodo lost its habitat. Within 80 years, the dodo was extinct.
The last known stuffed bird was at Oxford University and was thrown out as rubbish. Only a foot and a head are left. The American Museum of Natural History in New York has a skeleton showing. It was put together out of bones from several different Dodos. The Natural History Museum of Mauritius has the only complete skeleton of a dodo, found in a swamp.
References
Other websites
The Dodo Cartoon Blog
Columbiformes
Flightless birds
Extinct species
Mauritius |
32913 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolk%C4%81ppiyam | Tolkāppiyam | Tolkaapiyam (தொல்காப்பியம்) is a book on grammar of the Tamil language.
Tol (தொல்) means Old and Kappiyam (காப்பியம்) means a literary work.
The name of the author could not be identified (usually referred as Tholkappiyar) and the work apparently relates to Grammar in Tamil.
It is learnt that the author was one of the 12 disciples of Sage Agastya the Father of Tamil Grammar. This sage was living in the south near Madurai, during the visit of Lord Ram to the south in search of his wife, abducted by the Lankan King Ravan.
The age of Lord Ram precedes that of Lord Krishna and hence the work can safely be said to precede 3000 BC (the ideal period of Mahabharat Yudh).
Lord Shiva and his Son Murugan is said to have laid the first tenets for the Tamil Language, probably long long time before sage Agastya could compile the same.
Tamil language |
32915 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20auk | Great auk | The great auk was a large bird, that could not fly. People hunted it for meat and feathers. It grew rare, because it was too easy to kill, and the ones left could not breed fast enough to make up for the lost ones. The last known great auks (there were two auks) were killed on June 3, 1844 in Iceland. It lived mostly in the water, like a duck.
Penguins got their name from the great auk. The word "penguin" was the Celtic word for "great auk". When sailors saw penguins for the first time, they thought they looked like great auks.
The great auk was covered in black feathers, but had white feathers on its chest and abdomen. It had very short wings, like stubs, which meant it could not fly. On land it stood upright and was about 75 cm tall. They spent most of their time at sea, coming to shore in the summer to breed. They lived in large breeding colonies on low rocky islands in the north Atlantic Ocean from Canada to Norway. Females laid one egg on bare rock. In winter they went as far south as Florida and southern Spain.
References
Charadriiformes
Flightless birds
Extinct species
kl:Apparluk |
32918 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbey%20Road%20Studios | Abbey Road Studios | Abbey Road Studios, usually called just "Abbey Road", are the recording studios in EMI's headquarters in St. John's Wood, London, England.
Abbey Road had three different studios for most of its history. Other space was turned into a fourth studio later. Studio One is large, and used to be a ballroom. Symphony orchestras and very large bands and groups are recorded there. Studio Two is smaller, and works best for small combos or groups of musicians. Studio Three is much smaller, and is meant for soloists and duos. Studio Four is mostly for post-production, where changes are made to earlier recordings.
Music industry |
32921 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujamaa | Ujamaa | Ujamaa, meaning 'familyhood' is the group of ideas of Tanzanian President Julius Nyerere. They are based on the traditional African society.
Tanzania
Nationalism |
32922 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoner | Prisoner | A prisoner is a person who is forced to stay in a prison. People who are suspected of a crime, for example, a murder, may be arrested and held in jail so they won't escape before their trial. After conviction a prisoner may be punished. For example, they may be imprisoned for a fixed number of years, or receive a life sentence meaning they stay in jail until they die.
A prisoner of war is a person who was captured by the enemy in a war. |
32948 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fachhochschule%20D%C3%BCsseldorf | Fachhochschule Düsseldorf | The Fachhochschule Düsseldorf is a so-called Fachhochschule (university of applied sciences), that means a special kind of college, with technical, design and business subjects in Düsseldorf.
It was founded in 1971.
List of Departments
Architecture
Design
Electrical Engineering
Mechanical and Process Engineering
Media Sciences
Social and Cultural Studies (e.g. Sociology)
Business Studies (applied Economy studies)
Other websites
Official Website
Düsseldorf
Education in North Rhine-Westphalia
1971 establishments in Germany |
32949 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanalysis | Psychoanalysis | Psychoanalysis is a field of psychology and medical therapy. It is a set of theories and ways of treating mental disorders. It was started in the early 1890s by the Austrian psychologist Sigmund Freud, with experience from the clinical work of Josef Breuer and others.
Since then, psychoanalysis has expanded and been revised, reformed and developed in different ways. Freud's own colleagues and students, such as Alfred Adler and Carl Jung, had their own ideas. They went on to develop their ideas independently from Freud. Much later, Anna Freud and Melanie Klein used the ideas to treat troubled children.
The basic ideas of psychoanalysis are:
besides inherited personality, a person's development is determined by events in early childhood;
human behavior, experience, and thought is largely influenced by unconscious irrational drives;
attempts to bring these drives into awareness is resisted by defence mechanisms;
conflicts between conscious and unconscious (repressed) material can result in mental disturbances such as neurosis, neurotic traits, anxiety, depression, etc.;
liberation from the effects of the unconscious material is achieved by bringing this material into the conscious mind (e.g. by the skilled guidance of the analyst.
The unconscious mind
Sometimes people cannot say why they are feeling the way they feel or acting the way they act. What causes the feelings and actions is called the unconscious mind in psychodynamic theory.
Different methods
Under the broad umbrella of "psychoanalysis" there are at least 22 different approaches to the theory and clinical treatment. The term also refers to a method of studying child development.
Freudian psychoanalysis uses a type of treatment where the subject (analytic patient) talks, including free associations, fantasies, and dreams. From these the analyst works out the unconscious conflicts which cause the patient's symptoms and character problems. By interpreting them for the patient, the analyst creates insight into the problems. The analyst identifies and clarifies the patient's pathological defences, wishes and guilt.
Psychoanalysis has been criticized on many fronts. It has been called a pseudoscience, and lacking in empirical support. However, it remains influential within psychiatry, more so in some quarters than others.
References
Psychology
Philosophical movements and positions |
32951 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaandam | Zaandam | Zaandam is a city in the west of the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. It has about 74,000 inhabitants (2014). It makes part of the municipality of Zaanstad.
First settlements in the region were known up from the 11th century.
Czar Peter the Great visited Zaandam in 1697 and 1717.
20th-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Cities in the Netherlands
Settlements in North Holland
Former municipalities of North Holland
Zaanstad |
32952 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows%203.x | Windows 3.x | Windows 3.x was a family of Microsoft Windows operating system, released in 1990-1994. Notable operating systems in this family include Windows 3.0 and Windows 3.1. This Windows could run in either Standard or 386 Enhanced memory modes. Both of the modes used a Graphical User Interface (or picture-based), and supported a mouse, but 386 Enhanced Mode was faster and was better at multitasking (or doing many things at once). Windows NT 3.x was released in 1993-1996.
It also had many features from versions of Windows before it. These included a calculator, a notepad, and more. It also brought in many new features, like the Program Manager (which is still in Windows XP today - Start>Run>progman.exe), and the icons and programs looked better.
Windows 3.x was made better in 1992, with Windows for Workgroups 3.1x (1992-1993), that added networking support.
Microsoft operating systems |
32954 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodwind%20instrument | Woodwind instrument | A woodwind instrument is an instrument belonging to the woodwind family. Traditionally they were always made of wood, although some of them are now made of metal or plastic.
In an orchestra there are four main types of woodwind instrument. Each of these also has related instruments of different sizes:
The piccolo is the highest of the four main instruments. The lowest note is Middle C and it has a range of 3 octaves. The piccolo is the smallest and highest instrument in the orchestra. It plays one octave higher than the flute. There is also an alto flute which sounds a fifth lower than the ordinary flute. Flutes are still sometimes made of wood, but mostly they are metal.
The oboe can play slightly lower than the flute. There is a larger version called the cor anglais (which means: “English horn”). This is a double reeded instrument. The clarinet plays nearly an octave lower than the flute. The bass clarinet plays an octave lower than the clarinet. The bassoon is the lowest of the four.
The recorder is one of the oldest and most popular woodwinds and has been used to great effect by greats, such as Bach, Telemann and Vivaldi. The general public is normally only familiar with the plastic, child's version of the recorder, but professional and high-quality recorders are still made of wood.
The saxophone may look like a brass instrument, but it is played like a clarinet and therefore it is a woodwind instrument. It is usually played in bands and jazz groups.
Use
Woodwind instruments are played in several ways. The flute is played by blowing across the top of the mouthpiece. It is like blowing across the top of an empty bottle. The oboe and bassoon both have a double reed. It is like blowing through a drinking straw. Bagpipes have double reeds which are inside the mouthpiece (“enclosed reeds”). The clarinet and saxophone have single reeds which are clamped against the opening of the mouthpiece.
In comparison, brass instruments are all blown in the same way: by blowing against a cup-shaped mouthpiece. This is why the saxophone cannot be called a brass instrument, although it is made of brass.
The way that a player shapes his mouth to blow an instrument is called the “embouchure”. Woodwind instruments have several different embouchures.
In an orchestra there may be two each of flutes, oboes, clarinets and bassoons. In larger orchestras, particularly from the Romantic period onwards, there may be three or four. Sometimes the extra instruments such as the piccolo are used. If, for example, in an orchestral piece the third flute is marked “doubling piccolo”, it means that the person playing flute 3 will also play the piccolo. However, if the piccolo plays at the same time as flute 3 they will obviously need an extra player for the piccolo part.
Woodwind instruments in an orchestra often have short solos. These will be played by the first player (the “section principal”). |
32960 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bewitched | Bewitched | Bewitched is a comedy television show that was shown on TV by ABC from 1964 to 1972. It is about a man who is married to a witch.
The lead characters are Darrin and Samantha Stephens. Samantha twitches her nose or moves her hands to make a spell happen. Samantha was played by Elizabeth Montgomery. Darrin was played by Dick York from 1964 to 1969. Because of illness, Dick York left the show and was replaced by Dick Sargent who played Darrin from 1969 to 1972. Samantha's mother Endora was played by Agnes Moorehead. Endora dislikes Darrin and often makes things difficult for him.
1960s American television series
1970s American television series
1964 television series debuts
1972 television series endings
American sitcoms
ABC network shows
English-language television programs |
32961 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumbo | Dumbo | Dumbo is a 1941 American animated movie. It was produced by Walt Disney Productions. It was first released on October 23, 1941 by RKO Radio Pictures. The fourth movie in the Walt Disney Animated Classics, Dumbo is based upon a child's book of the same name by Helen Aberson and illustrated by Harold Perl. The main character is Jumbo Jr., a baby elephant who is cruelly nicknamed Dumbo. He is ridiculed for his big ears, but in fact he is capable of flying by using them as wings. Throughout most of the movie, his only true friend aside from his mother is the mouse Timothy, making fun of the stereotype between mice and elephants. Dumbo was made to make up for the damages of Pinocchio and Fantasia. The movie has been criticized in recent years as being "racist" (the leader crow in the movie was named "Jim Crow" and at some point in the 1950s was renamed "Dandy Crow" in attempt to avoid controversy, but the original name is still the one mostly known, although it was supposed to be just a sarcastic mockery to the Jim Crow laws in the Southern USA back then and was used only on the character's model sheets), yet is also considered to be one of Disney's best movies. It was an attempt to be simple and make profits for the Disney studio, is now generally regarded as a classic of animation. At 64 minutes, it is one of Disney's shortest animated features.
The story
Florida, 1941. Mrs. Jumbo sadly looks on how babies are delivered by the stork to other circus animals. As even a baby elephant makes a pretty heavy package, hers is the last to arrive, but soon becomes the laughing stock of the others because of his big ears, getting meanly named "Dumbo" by the others. When Mrs. Jumbo can not take the public making fun of her son, she is locked up as "mad elephant", and Dumbo finds himself all alone. A mouse named Timothy comes and scares the mean herd. He encourages Dumbo and tells the circus director to make Dumbo the top (literally) of an elephant pyramid stunt which ends up literally bringing the house down, and Dumbo is given the job of "baby clown" in a repetitive, humiliating and dangerous number as punishment. To cheer Dumbo up, Timothy brings him to go see his mother. The next morning, they find themselves up in a tree with a bunch of crows, who discover that Dumbo can fly.
Cast
Dumbo is the mute title character.
Edward Brophy: Timothy Q. Mouse
Herman Bing: The Ringmaster
Margaret Wright: Casey Junior
Sterling Holloway: Mr. Stork
Cliff Edwards: Jim/Dandy Crow
Hall Johnson Choir: Crow Chorus
Nick Stewart: Specks Crow
James Baskett: Fats Crow
Hall Johnson: Deacon Crow
Jim Carmichael: Dopey Crow
Verna Felton: Elephant Matriarch, Mrs. Jumbo
Bea Benaderet: Elephant Giddy And Elephant Prissy
Jean Vander Pyl: Elephant Catty
John McLeish: Narrator
The Sportsmen: Themselves
Note: These actors were not credited in the opening credits of the movie.
Crew
Based on the Book by: Helen Aberson & Harold Pearl
Supervising Director: Ben Sharpsteen
Screen Story by: Joe Grant & Dick Huemer
Story Direction: Otto Englander
Sequence Directors: Norman Ferguson, Wilfred Jackson, Bill Roberts, Jack Kinney, Sam Armstrong
Animation Directors: Vladimir Tytla, Fred Moore, Ward Kimball, John Lounsbery, Art Babbitt, Woolie Reitherman
Story Development: Bill Peet, Aurie Battaglia, Joe Rinaldi, George Stallings, Webb Smith
Character Designs: John P. Miller, Martin Provenson, John Walbridge, James Bodrero, Maurice Noble, Elmer Plummer
Music: Oliver Wallace and Frank Churchill
Lyrics: Ned Washington
Orchestration: Edward Plumb
Art Direction: Herb Ryman, Ken O'Conner, Terrell Stapp, Don Da Gradi, Al Zinnen, Ernest Nordli, Dick Kelsey, Charles Payzant
Backgrounds: Claude Coats, Al Dempster, John Hench, Gerald Nevius, Ray Lockrem, Joe Stahley
Animation: Hugh Fraiser, Harvey Toombs, Milt Neil, Hicks Lokey, Howard Swift, Don Towsley, Les Clark, Claude Smith, Berny Wolf, Jack Campbell, Walt Kelly, Don Patterson, Cy Young, Ray Patterson, Grant Simmons, Josh Meador, Bill Shull, Art Palmer
Uncredited:
Story: Vernon Stallings
Art Direction: John Hubley
Animation Director: Frank Thomas
Cel Painter: Phyllis Bounds Detiege
Animators: Eric Larson, Retta Scott
Singing Voice for "Look Out for Mr. Stork": Thurl Ravenscroft
Characters
Dumbo the Flying Elephant
Dumbo is the main character in the movie. He is a fictional anthropomorphic elephant who has really big ears. He can fly using his big ears. Similar to Dopey from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and Gideon in Pinocchio, Dumbo has no spoken dialogue. However, in the live-action/puppet television series Dumbo's Circus, Dumbo was voiced by Katie Leigh.
In the movie, Dumbo is delivered by Mr. Stork, and is made fun of for the strange size of his ears. As his mother, Mrs. Jumbo, beats up the bullies who pick on her baby, the ringmaster has his helpers chain her up and lock her up in a trailer, which says: "MAD ELEPHANT". It is then that Timothy Q. Mouse looks after Dumbo. The two of them try to make Dumbo famous and get his mother free. Thanks to the help of a "magic feather" from some crows, Dumbo flies to fame, and gets his mother free.
Timothy the Mouse
Timothy Q. Mouse is a mouse who became the only friend of elephants Dumbo and his mother Mrs. Jumbo. He teaches Dumbo how to become the ninth wonder of the universe, and the only flying elephant in the whole world.
Mrs. Jumbo
Mrs. Jumbo is Dumbo's mother. Deeply depressed at not having her baby delivered, she loves her son more than anything. She becomes angry when the boys pick on him.
Other characters include the other elephants who also make fun of Dumbo, the Ringmaster, the clowns of the circus, the Pink Elephants, Mr. Stork and the Crows who give Dumbo the "magic feather" and teach him to fly.
Release
Even though World War II was going on, Dumbo was still the most financially successful Disney movie of the 1940s. This was one of the first of Disney's animated movies to be broadcast, albeit severely edited, on television, as part of Disney's anthology series. The movie then received another distinction of note in 1981, when it was the first of Disney's canon of animated movies to be released on home video and also was released in the Walt Disney Classics Video Collection in 1985. That release was followed by remastered versions in: 1986, 1989, 1991 (Classics), and 1994 (Masterpiece). In 2001, a 60th Anniversary Special Edition was released that has original RKO titles. In 2006, a "Big Top Edition" of the movie was released on DVD that also has original RKO titles. A UK Special Edition was released in May 2007 and was a successful Disney release.
Theatrical release history
United States
October 23, 1941 (original release)
May 25, 1949 (the final RKO release)
June 6, 1959 (the first Buena Vista release)
June 3, 1977
Worldwide
Brazil: November 17, 1941
Argentina: December 24, 1941
United Kingdom: February 8, 1942
Canada: March 31, 1942
Australia: June 4, 1942
Mexico: July 9, 1942
Portugal: January 27, 1944
Spain: September 25, 1944 (Madrid)
Spain: December 14, 1944 (Barcelona)
Sweden: September 16, 1946
Netherlands: April 25, 1947
Belgium: April 25, 1947
France: October 25, 1947
Norway: December 26, 1947
Denmark: June 25, 1948
Hong Kong: August 19, 1948
Colombia: September 16, 1948
Finland: October 1, 1948
Italy: October 2, 1948
Argentinian in Chilean Spanish: October 15, 1948
Poland: October 23, 1949
West Germany: April 8, 1952
Austria: May 22, 1953
Japan: March 13, 1954
Philippines: September 28, 1955
Israel: January 21, 1967
Lebanon: May 14, 1968
Iraq: October 18, 1979
Kuwait: October 14, 1986
Chad: January 12, 1989
China: July 12, 1989 (Beijing)
Home video release history
June 4, 1982, 1981 (VHS and Betamax)
June 4, 1982 (Laserdisc)
December 3, 1986 (VHS and Betamax - 45th Anniversary- Walt Disney Classics)
July 13, 1990 VHS and Laserdisc -Walt Disney Classics
May 3, 1991 (VHS and Laserdisc - 50th Anniversary Edition - Walt Disney Classics)
October 28, 1994 (VHS and Laserdisc - Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection)
August 17, 1999 VHS Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection
October 23, 2001 (VHS and DVD - 60th Anniversary Edition)
June 6, 2006 (DVD - Big Top Edition)
September 20, 2011 Blu-Ray and DVD - 70th Anniversary Edition
April 26, 2016 Blu-Ray - 75th Anniversary Edition
Reception
The movie received very good reviews and did well at the box office despite being released less than 2 months before World War II.
It also has been known as both a classic and a masterpiece, and has received a Special Edition 60th Anniversary Disney DVD on October 23, 2001, exatly 60 years after its first release. That release featured a sneak peek of a direct-to-video sequel called Dumbo II. The preview showed a lot of sketches and storyboard ideas. The main story has to do with Dumbo and his new friends getting separated from the rest of the circus as they wonder into the big city. Dumbo's new friends are Claude and Lolly the twin bears who leave chaos everywhere they go, Dot the curious zebra, Godfrey the hippo who is older and wants to do things for himself, and Penny the adventurous ostrich. Timothy returns as well. The story was supposed to be as if the first Dumbo ended and this one started the next day. The project seems to have been canceled,as no further announcements have been made since, plus the fact that The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning, Tinker Bell, and its sequels, were to be the last projests for DisneyToon Studios.
The crow characters in the movie are often seen as African-American stereotypes.
The leader crow voiced by Cliff Edwards was originally named "Jim Crow" for script purposes. The other crows are all voiced by African-American actors and singers, all members of the Hall Johnson Choir: Nick Stewart, James Baskett, Jim Carmichael and Hall Johnson. The late famous duo of African-American dancers Freddie and Eugene Jackson were invited and hired by Disney to work as live-action reference and models for the animators of the characters, like the chief-animator and Disney Legend Ward Kimball, improvising dances and movements then used in the iconic musical sequence "When I See An Elephant Fly". Despite suggestions of racism by writers like Richard Schickel, many historians, critics, writers, pundits and personalities such as John Grant, Leonard Maltin, John Canemaker, Floyd Norman, Eric Goldberg, Alex Wainer, Michael Wilmington, Whoopi Goldberg and Neal Gabler reject these claims. For instance, the crows are noted as forming the majority of the characters in the movie who are empathetic and sympathetic to Dumbo's plight (the others are Timothy Q. Mouse and Mrs Jumbo), they are free spirits who serve nobody, and intelligent characters aware of the power of self-confidence and of what means being ostracized and marginalized, unlike the Stepin Fetchit stereotype common at that time and in the previous decade. Furthermore, their song "When I See An Elephant Fly" is more orientated to mocking Timothy Mouse than Dumbo's large ears.
Soundtrack listing
Main Title (01:47)
Look Out For Mister Stork (02:16)
Loading The Train / Casey Junior / Stork On A Cloud / Straight From Heaven / Mother And Baby (04:58)
Song Of The Roustabouts (02:38)
Circus Parade (01:28)
Bathtime / Hide And Seek (01:31)
Ain't That The Funniest Thing / Berserk / Dumbo Shunned / A Mouse! / Dumbo And Timothy (03:23)
The Pyramid Of Pachyderms (01:58)
No Longer An Elephant / Dumbo's Sadness / A Visit In The Night / Baby Mine (03:34)
Clown Song (01:00)
Hiccups / Firewater / Bubbles / Did You See That? / Pink Elephants On Parade (06:07)
Up A Tree / The Fall / Timothy's Theory (01:32)
When I See An Elephant Fly (01:48)
You Oughta Be Ashamed (01:10)
The Flight Test / When I See An Elephant Fly (Reprise) (00:57)
Save My Child / The Threshold Of Success / Dumbo's Triumph / Making History / Finale (02:14)
Spread Your Wing (Demo Recording) (01:08)
Songs
Baby Mine (Betty Noyes)
Casey Junior (The Sportsmen)
Look Out for Mr. Stork (The Sportsmen)
Song of the Roustabouts (The King's Men)
The Clown Song (A.K.A."We're gonna hit the big boss for a rise") (Billy Bletcher,Eddie Holden,and Billy Sheets)
Pink Elephants on Parade (The Sportsmen)
When I See an Elephant Fly (Cliff Edwards and the Hall Johnson Choir)
When I See an Elephant Fly (Reprise)
Media and marketing
Dumbo's Circus
Dumbo's Circus was a live-action puppet television programme for preschool audiences that aired on The Disney Channel in the 1980s. Unlike in the movie, Dumbo spoke on the show. Each character would perform a special act, which ranged from dancing and singing to telling knock knock jokes.
Books
Walt Disney's Dumbo Happy to Help: () A picture book Disney Press by Random House Disney, written by Liane Onish, illustrated by Peter Emslie. It was published January 23, 2001, this paperback is for children age 4-8. Twenty-four pages long, its 0.08 inches thick, and with cover dimensions of 7.88 x 7.88 inches.
Walt Disney's Dumbo Book of Opposites () A book published in August of 1997 by Golden Books under the Golden Board Book brand. It was written by Alan Benjamin, illustrated by Peter Emslie, and edited by Heather Lowenberg. Twelve pages long and a quarter of an inch thick, this board edition book had dimensions of 7.25 x 6.00 inches.
Walt Disney's Dumbo the Circus Baby () A book published in September of 1993 by Golden Press under the A Golden Sturdy Shape Book brand. Illustrated by Peter Emslie and written by Diane Muldrow, this book is meant for babies and preschoolers. Twelve pages long and half an inch thick, this book's cover size is 9.75 x 6.25 inches.
Walt Disney's Dumbo
Dumbo (My First Disney Story)
Fly, Dumbo, Fly!
I'm Gonna Like Me: Letting Off a Little Self-Esteem
Theme parks
Dumbo the Flying Elephant is a popular ride that appears in Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom, Disneyland, Tokyo Disneyland, Disneyland Park (Paris), and Hong Kong Disneyland.
Video games
Dumbo appears as a hero in the game Kingdom Hearts. Sora, the main character, flies on him and Dumbo splashes enemies with water from his trunk.
Titles in other languages
(Dumbo)
(xiǎo fēi xiàng, or Little Flying Elephant)
(Danbo)
(Dumbo)
(Dambo)
(Dambo)
(NOTE: Most of the above titles were later renamed simply Dumbo.)
Directing animators
Art Babbitt (Mr. Stork, Clowns)
Ward Kimball (The Crows)
John Lounsbery (Timothy Mouse and Dumbo)
Wolfgang Reitherman (Timothy Mouse)
Vladimir Tytla (Dumbo, the elephants)
Fred Moore (Timothy Mouse)
Frank Thomas (Pink Elephants)
Note:All directing animators were credited on supervising these characters except Frank Thomas.
Sequence directors
Wilfred Jackson (Dumbo)
Jack Kinney (The Crows)
Sam Armstrong (Casey Junior, Mr. Stork)
Bill Roberts (Timothy Mouse, Clowns)
Norman Ferguson (Pink Elephants, Circus animals)
References
Other websites
1941 movies
American family movies
American musical movies
Buddy movies
Disney animated movies
English-language movies
Movies based on books
Movies about animals
Movies composed by Oliver Wallace
Movies with circus settings |
32962 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertolt%20Brecht | Bertolt Brecht | (born ;* 10. February 1898 in Augsburg; † 14. August 1956 in Berlin) was a German poet and dramatist.
Life
Brecht went to school in Augsburg, where his father was the director of a paper factory.
He completed his degree in 1917.
Afterwards he studied sciences, medicine and literature at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University in Munich. He had to take a break in his studies because he had to join the army.
In the 1920s, Brecht went to Berlin and became a part of the cultural scene. He met his second wife Helene Weigel in Berlin and married her, after divorcing his first wife. It was with his second wife that Brecht had another son.
In Berlin he met a lot of artists and intellectuals of the Weimar Republic.
His works became very critical about the capitalistic society (e.g. "Aufstieg und Fall der Stadt Mahagonny" (1930)). Many of his friends were communists, but he never joined the KPD.
His most famous work was from that time, the "Dreigroschenoper".
In 1933 the Nazis prohibited playing some of his works and arrested some of his friends.
After the Reichstag fire, he travelled from Germany to Prague, Vienna, Switzerland and Denmark.
For the next five years he lived in Denmark. In 1938 he wrote "Das Leben des Galilei" (The Life of Galilei) about Galileo Galilei, who was hunted by the Holy Inquisition because he wanted to tell the scientific truth.
When Germany occupied Denmark he had to flee once again.
He went to Sweden, then to Finland and finally to Moscow in the Soviet Union.
Even under Stalin he was not safe. He therefore flew through China to the United States.
He lived and worked in California and translated a lot of text.
In 1947, in the McCarthy era, the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) investigated him, because they suspected him of being a communist.
He gave a statement and said that he had never been a member of the communist party.
He then flew back to Switzerland - the only place he could go to at the time.
In 1948 he was allowed to return to Berlin, East Berlin.
He was an important writer and director for the young East Germany.
After the workers' protest on June 17 1953, Brecht complained about the Eastern German government which landed him into some trouble. From that point on he got more and more isolated.
Brecht died of a heart attack in 1956 at the age of 58 years in Berlin.
Works
Dramas (chronological)
Baal
Trommeln in der Nacht
Im Dickicht der Städte
Leben Eduards des Zweiten von England
Mann ist Mann
Die Dreigroschenoper
Aufstieg und Fall der Stadt Mahagonny (Opernlibretto)
Der Ozeanflug, auch Der Lindberghflug, auch Der Flug der Lindberghs
Das Badener Lehrstück vom Einverständnis, auch Lehrstück
Der Jasager. Der Neinsager (Opernlibretti / Lehrstücke [Schuloper])
Die Maßnahme (Lehrstück)
Die heilige Johanna der Schlachthöfe
Die Ausnahme und die Regel (Lehrstück)
Die Mutter
Die Rundköpfe und die Spitzköpfe
Die Horatier und die Kuriatier (Lehrstück)
Furcht und Elend des Dritten Reiches
Leben des Galilei
Mutter Courage und ihre Kinder
Das Verhör des Lukullus, auch Lukullus vor Gericht, auch Die Verurteilung des Lukullus (Hörspiel, später Opernlibretto)
Der gute Mensch von Sezuan
Herr Puntila und sein Knecht Matti
Der aufhaltsame Aufstieg des Arturo Ui
Die Gesichte der Simone Machard auch Die Stimmen (vgl. Lion Feuchtwanger Simone)
Schweyk im Zweiten Weltkrieg
Der kaukasische Kreidekreis
Die Tage der Commune
Turandot oder Der Kongreß der Weißwäscher
Bearbeitung der Antigone (1947)
Bearbeitung des Coriolanus von Shakespeare (1952/53)
One act dramas
Die Bibel
Die Gewehre der Frau Carrar
Die Hochzeit, auch Die Kleinbürgerhochzeit
Der Bettler oder Der tote Hund
Prärie (Opernlibretto)
Er treibt einen Teufel aus
Lux in Tenebris
Der Fischzug
Dansen
Was kostet das Eisen?
Die sieben Todsünden, auch Die sieben Todsünden der Kleinbürger (Ballettlibretto)
Lyrics
Lyric cycles
Lieder zur Klampfe von Bert Brecht und seinen Freunden (1918)
Psalmen (1920)
Bertolt Brechts Hauspostille (1916–1925)
Die Augsburger Sonette (1925–1927)
Die Songs der Dreigroschenoper (1928)
Aus dem Lesebuch für Städtebewohner (1926–1927)
Die Nachtlager (1931)
Geschichten aus der Revolution (1932)
Sonette (1932–1934)
Englische Sonette (1934)
Lieder Gedichte Chöre (1933)
Chinesische Gedichte (1938–1949)
Studien (1934–1938)
Svendborger Gedichte ([1926]–1937)
Steffinsche Sammlung (1939–1942)
Hollywoodelegien (1942)
Gedichte im Exil ([1944])
Deutsche Satiren (1945)
Kinderlieder (1950)
Buckower Elegien (1953)
Lyirics and songs (not complete)
Choral vom Manne Baal
Ballade von den Seeräubern
Die Legende vom toten Soldaten
Die Liebenden, auch Terzinen über die Liebe
Der Schneider von Ulm
An die Nachgeborenen
Die Lösung
Mein Bruder war ein Flieger
Fragen eines lesenden Arbeiters
Erinnerung an die Marie A.
Schlechte Zeit für Lyrik
Resolution der Kommunarden
Morgens und abends zu lesen
Kinderhymne
Prosa
Bargan läßt es sein
Geschichten vom Herrn Keuner
Dreigroschenroman
Der Augsburger Kreidekreis
Flüchtlingsgespräche
Kalendergeschichten
Die unwürdige Greisin
Die Geschäfte des Herrn Julius Cäsar
Ausgaben
Sämtliche Stücke in einem Band. Komet, 2002,
Die Gedichte in einem Band. Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2002,
Große kommentierte Berliner und Frankfurter Ausgabe. Aufbau Verlag u. a., Berlin u. a. 1988–2000, , 30 Bände [1]
Geschichten vom Herrn Keuner. Zürcher Fassung. Herausgegeben von Erdmut Wizisla. Suhrkamp Verlag Frankfurt am Main 2004. (Enthält erstmals veröffentlichte Geschichten aus einem Zürcher Fund im Jahr 2000.)
1898 births
1956 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Germany
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Disease-related deaths in Bavaria
East German people
German poets
People from Augsburg
Writers from Bavaria |
32964 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beresford%2C%20South%20Dakota | Beresford, South Dakota | Beresford is a city in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of South Dakota. Most of the city is located in Union County, but a small part of it is in Lincoln County. Beresford became a city in 1884, and 2,005 people lived there at the 2010 census.
References
Other websites
City of Beresford website
Cities in South Dakota
1884 establishments in the United States
1880s establishments in Dakota Territory |
32965 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthold%20Ephraim%20Lessing | Gotthold Ephraim Lessing | Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (22 January 1729 in Kamenz (Saxony) – 15 February 1781 in Braunschweig) was a German poet and philosopher in the time of the enlightenment.
Life
Lessing was one of twelve children. His father was a Protestant priest. He went to school in Kamenz and got a stipendium for the Higher School in Meißen. From 1746 to 1748, he studied medicine and theology in Leipzig. In 1750, he moved to Berlin, where he met Voltaire. In 1752 he got the Magister (Master) degree from the university in Wittenberg.
He moved back to Leipzig in 1755, but returned later to Berlin. He traveled around in Europe and studied. He worked as a reporter. From 1760 to 1765, he worked as secretary for a general in Breslau (today: Wroclaw). Later he worked at the theater and became a librarian. Lessing got married in 1776. But 1778 his wife died.
In 1781, Lessing died.
Works
Other websites
In German
Fabeln von Lessing im Literaturnetz
Lessing-Akademie Wolfenbüttel
Lessing-Museum in Kamenz
Biographie
Biographie in ADB
Briefe, die Neueste Literatur betreffend
Deutscher Bildungsserver: Pädagogische Materialien zu Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
Einführung in die Dramentheorie Lessings
kostenlose Hörbuchabhandlung als MP3: Über die Wahrheit
Das Lessing-Denkmal in Wolfenbüttel
1729 births
1781 deaths
18th-century German philosophers
German poets
People from Saxony |
32988 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich%20B%C3%B6ll | Heinrich Böll | Heinrich Böll (December 21, 1917 in Cologne – July 16, 1985 in Langenbroich the Eifel, south of Bonn) was a German writer. He was the winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1972.
Life
Böll was born in Cologne. His family were strong Catholics and pacifists.
He went to school from 1922 to 1937. After his abitur, he started a training to become a bookseller. He did not go to the Hitler Youth, but he had to join the German army in the World War II. In 1939, he started to study German literature in Cologne, but he had to break for his army service.
In 1945 he became prisoner of war by the Americans. The Americans wanted to educate the German people to became a democracy. So they encouraged prisoners with talent to write. Böll and some other young writers founded the group 47.
Böll wrote a lot of social critical literature. His main themes were the repression in the way of life by conservative catholic forces and the unsolved problem of old Nazis in the society.
In the 1970s, he criticized the losing of civil laws by the fight against terrorism (of the RAF, Red Army Faction, a left-winged political terror group in the 1970s in West Germany). For that reason, the Bild-Zeitung, an very conservative yellow press newspaper, started a campaign against him.
In the late 1970s, he started to look for Human Rights in the Eastern Blok, where some friends of his lived, too. He helped the Soviet dissidents Alexander Solshenizyn and Lev Kopelev.
In the 1980s, he worked for the peace movement. He protested against the nuclear armament in West Germany.
He went back to the Roman Catholic Church, which he left 1976 by protests, before he died.
Heinrich Böll Foundation
The Green Party of Germany gave its foundation the name of Böll, Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung. The goals of the foundation are for countries to work together, civil laws and democratic and ecological thinking.
Selected bibliography
Der Zug war pünktlich (The Train Was on Time), 1949
Das Vermächtnis (A Soldier's Legacy), written 1948-1949; publ. 1981
Wanderer, kommst du nach Spa (Stranger, Bear Word to the Spartans), 1950
Die schwarzen Schafe (Black Sheep), 1951
Nicht nur zur Weihnachtszeit (Christmas Not Just Once a Year), 1951
Wo warst du, Adam? (And Where Were You, Adam?), 1951
Der Engel schwieg (The Silent Angel), written 1949-1951; publ. 1992
Und sagte kein einziges Wort (And Never Said a Word), 1953
Haus ohne Hüter (House without Guardians), 1954
Das Brot der frühen Jahre (The Bread of Those Early Years), 1955
Irisches Tagebuch (Irish Journal), 1957
Die Spurlosen (Missing Persons), 1957
Doktor Murkes gesammeltes Schweigen (Dr. Murke's Collected Silence), 1958
Billard um halb zehn (Billiards at Half-Past Nine), 1959
Ein Schluck Erde, 1962
Ansichten eines Clowns (The Clown), 1963
Entfernung von der Truppe (Absent Without Leave), 1964
Ende einer Dienstfahrt (End of a Mission), 1966
Gruppenbild mit Dame (Group Portrait with Lady), 1971
Die verlorene Ehre der Katharina Blum (The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum), 1974
Fürsorgliche Belagerung (The Safety Net), 1979
Was soll aus dem Jungen bloss werden? (What's to Become of the Boy?), 1981
Vermintes Gelände, 1982
Die Verwundung (The Casualty), early tales, publ. 1983
Frauen vor Flusslandschaft (Women in a River Landscape), 1985 (publ. posthumously)
Translations
More than seventy translations of Annemarie and Heinrich Böll are listed in the bibliography published in 1995 by Werner Bellmann: poetical works of Brendan Behan, Eilis Dillon, O. Henry, Paul Horgan, Bernard Malamud, J. D. Salinger, George Bernard Shaw et al.
Secondary literature
Bernd Balzer: Das literarische Werk Heinrich Bölls. Kommentare und Interpretationen. dtv, München 1997.
Werner Bellmann (Ed.): Das Werk Heinrich Bölls. Bibliographie mit Studien zum Frühwerk. Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1995.
Werner Bellmann (Ed.): Heinrich Böll, Romane und Erzählungen. Interpretationen. Reclam, Stuttgart 2000.
Michael Butler (Ed.): The Narrative Fiction of Heinrich Böll. Social conscience and literary achievement. Cambridge 1994.
J.H. Reid: Heinrich Böll. A German for His Time. Berg Publishers Ltd., Oxford 1988.
Klaus Schröter: Heinrich Böll. Rowohlt-Verlag, Reinbek 1987.
Jochen Vogt: Heinrich Böll. 2. Aufl. Beck, München 1987.
Heinrich Vormweg: Der andere Deutsche. Heinrich Böll. Eine Biographie. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Köln 2002.
Other websites
Heinrich-Böll-Foundation
Cologne Library Heinrich Böll Archive
The Heinrich Böll Page
Nobel Archive: Böll, 1972
http://www.heinrich-boell.de/ - German homepage
1917 births
1985 deaths
German military personnel of World War II
German Roman Catholics
People from Cologne
German writers
German Nobel Prize winners |
32989 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%20Seghers | Anna Seghers | Anna Seghers (; born Anna Reiling, 19 November 1900 – 1 June 1983), was a German writer notable for exploring and depicting the moral experience of the Second World War.
Seghers' parents were orthodox Jews, but also interested in Christianity. Nelly made her abitur in 1920. Before this, she had served as a nurse during World War I.
She married Hungarian Laszlo Radvanyi in 1925, and obtained Hungarian citizenship.
After the Nazis took over government in Germany, she was arrested and her books were burned.
In 1947 she returned to Berlin, Eastern Berlin, joining the Socialist Party. She worked for the Writers Union of the GDR.
She died in 1983 in Berlin.
References
1900 births
1983 deaths
East German people
German communists
Hungarian Jews
Jewish German writers
People from Mainz
Refugees from Nazism |
32998 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich%20Schiller | Friedrich Schiller | Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (November 10, 1759 in Marbach, Württemberg – May 9, 1805 in Weimar), usually known as Friedrich Schiller, was a German poet, philosopher, historian, and dramatist.
Works
Plays
Die Räuber (The Robbers) (1781)
Kabale und Liebe (Intrigue and Love) (1784)
Don Carlos, Infant von Spanien (Don Carlos) (1787)
Wallenstein (1800)
Die Jungfrau von Orleans (The Maid of Orleans) (1801)
Maria Stuart (Mary Stuart) (1801)
Turandot (1802)
Die Braut von Messina (1803)
Wilhelm Tell (William Tell) (1804)
Demetrius (unfinished at his death)
Poems
An die Freude or Ode to Joy (1785) which became the basis for the fourth movement of Beethoven's ninth symphony
The Artists
The Cranes of Ibykus
The Bell
Columbus
Hope
Pegasus in Harness
The Glove
Nänie which Brahms set to music
Other websites
Friedrich Schiller Chronology
"Say it loud – it's Schiller and it's proud" by George Steiner
2005 is Schiller year: all dates
Letters upon the Education of Man at
Schiller Monument in Schiller Park, German Village, Columbus, Ohio, USA
Schiller multimedial combines a biographical observation by Norbert Oellers with classic recordings and video clips
Mobile Schiller Mobile Java application containing 20 poems of Schiller
German writers
1759 births
1805 deaths
German poets |
33004 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clement%20Attlee | Clement Attlee | Clement Richard Attlee, 1st Earl Attlee (3 January 1883 – 8 October 1967) was a British politician. Prime Minister from 1945 to 1951, he was the first Labour prime minister with a majority in government, and was very important in the setting up of the welfare state. He was made a member of the House of Lords after he retired, and became the first Earl Attlee.
Attlee died of pneumonia in 1967. He is buried in Westminster Abbey.
Early life and education
Attlee was born in Putney. Attlee was educated at Haileybury College. He graduated from University College, Oxford with a Second Class Honours BA in Modern History in 1904.
Career
Attlee began a career as a barrister after graduating from Oxford. This lasted for two years. He then worked as manager of Haileybury House in East London. Attlee's work at the House inspired him to become a socialist. In 1907 he joined the Fabian Society. In 1908 he joined the Independent Labour Party. In 1911, he was employed by the UK Government. In 1919 Attlee became Mayor of Stepney. He was elected to Parliament in 1922 as the MP for Limehouse., In 1935 he was elected leader of the Labour Party. From 1942 to 1945 he was deputy prime minister. Attlee resigned as party leader after Labour lost the 1955 election. He was made a member of the Order of Merit in 1951 and a Knight of the Garter in 1956. In 1958 he started the Homosexual Reform Society with Bertrand Russell.
1883 births
1967 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
British mayors
British military personnel of World War I
Companions of Honour
Deaths from pneumonia
Deputy Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom
Former Labour Party (UK) MPs
Former members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Infectious disease deaths in London
Knights of the Garter
Order of Merit
Members of the House of Lords
People buried in Westminster Abbey
People from Putney
Politicians from London
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
UK MPs 1929–1931
UK MPs 1931–1935
UK MPs 1935–1945
UK MPs 1945–1950
UK MPs 1950–1951
UK MPs 1951–1955
UK MPs 1955–1959
United Kingdom Earls |
33005 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassoon | Bassoon | The bassoon is the lowest of the four main instrument of the woodwind family. Like the oboe, it has a double reed. The reed is attached to a curved metal mouthpiece called a "crook" or "bocal" which is joined to the main part of the instrument. This consists of two parts called ‘bass joint’ and ‘wing joint’ (or ‘tenor joint’). These two are joined at the bottom by a U-shaped piece called the ‘boot’. At the top of the instrument is the ‘bell joint’. The instrument is quite heavy. Some players have a neckstrap around their neck to support the weight, but usually they use a seat strap that connects at the bottom of the boot and goes across the floor. The bassoonist, a person who plays a bassoon, then sits on that strap. The bassoon is held to the right side of the bassoonist and the top of the boot joint is usually level with the players hip. The bassoon, when played right, can sound very beautiful. The bassoon has one of the largest note ranges, going from low B flat to a high F on the top line of the treble clef. The bassoon can also play in tenor clef, but usually plays bass clef.
Some bassoons have a white, ivory ring round the top of the bell joint. These are German bassoons (called ‘Heckel’). French bassoons (called ‘Buffet’) do not have this ring, and also sound quite different to German bassoons. Bassoons have keys to help the player to cover all the holes, but these keys do not use the Boehm fingering system like the other woodwind instruments. German bassoons use a system called the Heckel system, and French bassoons use the Buffet system..
The Bassoon is usually seen as a comical instrument, however it provides a very important role in the orchestra.In fact, the Saxophone was invented to replace the Bassoon and Oboe, however, was rejected because it didn't sound the same in the orchestra.
Playing the bassoon
To play the bassoon, it is very important to have lots of breathing support. Like with the oboe, fast passages can be played using double tonguing (single tonguing is like saying “tu-tu-tu-tu-tu”, double tonguing is like saying “te-ke-te-ke-te-ke”). In most music, the bassoon will spend a lot of time playing a bass line, perhaps the same notes as the cello or tuba. It can sometimes sound quite amusing when playing an “um-cha-um-cha” accompaniment like in the “Dance of the Cygnets” from Tchaikovsky’s Swan Lake. It can sound very tuneful and sad as in the second movement of Rimsky Korsakov’s Sheherazade. Listen to the opening of Stravinsky’s Rite of Spring where it plays some quite high notes to fool people that it is the Cor anglais or the English Horn. Even a famous composer, Saint Saëns, did not know what the instrument was. Prokofiev uses the bassoon for grandfather’s tune in Peter and the Wolf. Also, to play the bassoon, a player needs big hands because the bassoon's keys and holes are quite wide.
The holes are drilled in at an angle so that the upper register is not overblown and produces an unpleasant sound. Whisper keys were also invented to prevent overblowing. The bassoon is known for its reedy sound. Its upper register is shrill and sometimes scary. Middle register could be used for lullabies because of its majestic and soothing tone. Its lower register is deep, dark, and could be used for scary movies and such.
History and repertoire
The bassoon developed from a renaissance instrument called the curtal or dulcian. These were double reed instruments which often played with shawms. In the Baroque period the bassoon became popular as an instrument to play the bass line, perhaps playing the same as the cello. A man named Hotteterre made many parts of the modern bassoon. In the late Baroque period composers like Antonio Vivaldi wrote concertos for bassoon and orchestra. Some more famous bassoon concertos include one by Mozart, and in more recent times by Peter Maxwell Davies. The bassoon was a very important instrument in the orchestra. Mozart and Beethoven gave the bassoon important parts in the music.
Contrabassoon
In some pieces with a large orchestra a contrabassoon is used. This plays an octave lower than a bassoon, taking it right down to bottom B flat or C on the piano. Some contrabassoons are made to play a note lower, i.e. the very lowest note of the piano (A). One might expect to see the contrabassoon sticking up high above all the other instruments in the orchestra, but in fact the tube keeps doing U-turns, making four parallel rows of tubing. They are usually made with the bell pointing downwards. The weight is supported by a peg to the floor. The contrabassoon used to be shaped like a bassoon.
The contrabassoon adds richness to the sound of a full orchestra. Listen carefully for the contrabassoon in the hymn-like introduction to the last movement of Symphony no 1 by Brahms. It can be clearly heard, growling away, in the opening of the Piano Concerto for the Left Hand by Ravel.
Double reed instruments |
33009 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octave | Octave | An octave is the distance between two musical notes that have the same letter name.
If a musician sings or plays a scale (‘do-re-mi-fa-sol-la-si-do’) the first and last ‘do’ are an octave apart. It is called an ‘octave’ because there are eight notes in a scale (‘octo’ is Latin for ‘eight’).
If a musician sings or plays the first two notes of the song “Somewhere over the rainbow” (i.e. the word ‘Somewhere’) these two notes are an octave apart.
Two notes that are an octave apart sound very similar, almost like the same note. The scientific reason for this is that the top note vibrates twice as fast. For example: if someone plays Middle C on a piano, a hammer hits the Middle C strings inside and makes them vibrate 256 times a second. The C an octave higher will vibrate 512 times a second.
Young children who learn the piano will not be able to stretch an octave with one hand, if their hands are too small. Most adults can stretch an octave easily (playing one note with the thumb, and the other with the little finger).
Related pages
Interval (music)
Music theory |
33011 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinder | Tinder | Tinder is a material that is used to start fires easily when lit with a match.
Some materials commonly used as tinder are:
Dry pine needles, leaves or grass
Birch bark
Dead, standing (usually one season old) goldenrod
Cloth, lint, or frayed rope (if made from plant fibers and not treated with fire retardant)
Char cloth
Cotton swabs, tampons
Paper, paper towels, toilet paper, etc.
Punk wood (in the process of rotting) or charred wood
Some types of fungus (best known is the amadou or horse's hoof fungus)
Bird down
Small twigs (poor tinder but commonly available)
Fine-grade soap-coated steel wool
Shaved magnesium or other alkaline earth metals
Fire |
33013 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Harper | Stephen Harper | Stephen Joseph Harper (born April 30, 1959) is a Canadian economist, entrepreneur, and retired politician. He was the 22nd Prime Minister of Canada from 2006 to 2015. He is a member and the former leader of the Conservative Party, after being elected in 2004. He was elected in February 2006 and replaced Paul Martin as Prime Minister.
Harper was born in 1959 in Toronto, Ontario and lives in Calgary, Alberta. He is married to Laureen Teskey and has two children. He is the third Prime Minister, after Pierre Trudeau and John Turner, to send their children to Rockcliffe Park Public School, in Ottawa. Stephen Harper was Prime Minister for nine years, during which Canada hosted both the Vancouver 2010 Olympics and Paralympic Winter Games. Harper also hosted the G8 and G20 meetings.
Harper is a conservative and supports cutting government spending and taxes. As Prime Minister, he has cut the goods and services tax and approved a budget that would cut funding to several government programs. He has also shown support for the military and a bigger Canadian military presence in the northern part of Canada.
Even though Harper did win the seat in the riding of Calgary Heritage during the October 19, 2015 federal election, the Conservative Party was defeated by the Liberal Party of Canada, which was led by Justin Trudeau and who succeeded Harper as Prime Minister. It was thereafter announced Harper would resign as party leader and had requested an interim leader be chosen to serve until a leadership election can be held.
References
1959 births
Living people
Politicians from Toronto
Politicians from Alberta
Canadian economists
Privy Councillors (Canada)
Leaders of the Opposition (Canada)
Members of the House of Commons of Canada |
33015 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadpole | Tadpole | A tadpole or polliwog is the larva of a frog. It breathes water and lives in the water. Tadpoles hatch from small eggs.
Frog eggs are round and toad eggs are laid in long strings. Like bird eggs, they have nutrients (food) inside them for the young animal to grow before it hatches.
Movement
Tadpoles swim by lateral undulation: their tails move side to side, not up and down.
Food
Most types of tadpole eat only plants, for example algae on rocks. Some types of tadpole eat plants and animals, even other smaller tadpoles.
Metamorphosis
After some time, the tadpoles begin to grow legs: first the hind legs and then the front legs. Then they are called froglets. Soon after, froglets grow lungs and begin to breathe air and lose their tails. The tail disappears because the cells in the tail gently die. Each tadpole's mouth changes from small to as wide as its head. Its intestines become shorter. They grow larger, and eventually become adults.
Species
How fast or slow the eggs hatch and how fast or slow the tadpole becomes a froglet is different in different frogs. Some tadpoles take months to become frogs. Some stay tadpoles all winter and do not become frogs until the next spring, or even three years later. Some frogs lay their eggs in bodies of water that are only there in the spring and dry up in the summer, so the tadpoles must become frogs in only a few weeks.
References
Frogs
Toads |
33016 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeulenroda-Triebes | Zeulenroda-Triebes | Zeulenroda-Triebes is a German town in the rural district of Greiz in Thuringia.
It has about 18,000 inhabitants. Most famous sight of the town is the beautiful town hall.
Other websites
Official website of Zeulenroda-Triebes
Landkreis Greiz
Verwaltungsgemeinschaftfrei towns in Thuringia
Greiz Rural District |
33018 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Nilsson | Harry Nilsson | Harry Edward Nilsson III (June 15, 1941 - January 15, 1994) was an American singer-songwriter.
Nilsson was born in Bushwick, Brooklyn, New York City. His paternal grandparents were Swedish.
"Without her" is one of his early hits. This number is nowadays considered one of his standards as Blood, Sweat & Tears did later an jazzy cover on their album. His biggest hits were during the late 1960s and the 1970s. His songs include "Me And My Arrow", "Coconut", "Cuddly Toy", "Spaceman", and "One". "One" was also a hit for the band Three Dog Night. Nilsson's two most famous songs were "Without You" and "Everybody's Talkin'". These songs were written by other people. "Without You" has been re-recorded many times by other singers. It was written by Peter Ham and Tom Evans of Badfinger. "Everybody's Talkin'" was used in the 1969 movie Midnight Cowboy. The song was written by Fred Neil.
Nilsson recorded a tribute to The Beatles on his first album. He used lines from fifteen of their songs in one cover version of "You Can't Do That". Derek Taylor, who worked for the Beatles, sent them copies of the album, and Nilsson became a friend of the band. He later shared a house with John Lennon and Ringo Starr. They worked together on each other's music.
Nilsson also wrote a cartoon movie named The Point!. It was broadcast on ABC. It was about tolerance and diversity. The Point! was later turned into a musical. One production of the musical starred former Monkees Micky Dolenz and Davy Jones. The Monkees had recorded two of Nilsson's songs, "Cuddly Toy" and "Daddy's Song", after they met him through producer Chip Douglas.
Nilsson died of heart failure in Agoura Hills, California.
The movie You've Got Mail uses several of Nilsson's songs in its soundtrack.
Notes
Outer links
A performance of 'Without Her' from the 1971 BBC Television broadcast.
Singer-songwriters from New York
Cardiovascular disease deaths in California
Deaths from heart failure
Singers from New York City
1941 births
1994 deaths |
33021 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic%20guitar | Acoustic guitar | An acoustic guitar is a string instrument. It has six strings which pass from tuning pegs over the instrument's neck which is marked with lines called frets. These marks show where to press a string with the fingers of the left hand, to change the note that string plays. The right hand plucks or strums the strings, either with the fingers or using a plectrum ("pick"), to make them sound. Acoustic guitars are used in types of music ranging from classical to rock and roll, to bluegrass and folk. The six strings can be steel or nylon. Nylon strings are typically used for classical and related styles of music. Steel strings are typically used for most other styles.
How the guitar became a popular instrument
The acoustic guitar came from Spain (an instrument with six strings), created by Antonio Torres Jurado. But at the beginning, the guitar was different with what we see the guitar now. In the 16th to 17th centuries, the guitar became popular in Europe. In the 18th century, the guitar changed to be similar to how it is now. But before the 19th century, many people thought the guitar could not be same as a piano or violin. They thought it could not play classical music. But at the beginning of 19th century, a famous guitar player, Fernando Sor, made the guitar become more popular and he made more people like playing the guitar. Before the 20th century, people played the acoustic guitar. In the 20th century, a musician in United States, Leo Fender, invented the electric guitar.
Guitar and ukulele compared
The guitar and the ukulele are similar in shape and other ways, but they are also different. The ukulele looking like a small guitar. But the guitar has six strings, and the ukulele has just four strings. The six strings in a guitar are tuned: E, B, G, D, A, and E; the four strings in a ukulele are tuned: G, C, E, and A. Also, the ukulele comes from Hawaii, and the guitar comes from Spain.
Other websites
References
Guitars |
33023 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flipper | Flipper | A flipper is a special kind of limb that is flattened like a paddle for moving through water. Many animals that live in water, such as whales and seals have flippers. The flipper of a fish is called a fin.
It can also be an item worn on the foot to help people swim more easily.
Animal anatomy |
33024 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral%20fungi | Coral fungi | Coral fungi or clavarioid fungi, are mushrooms that are usually shaped like coral, but can also be shaped like forks, worms or clubs. They are rubbery and at times are brightly coloured.
Originally, such fungi were put in the genus Clavaria, and called "clavarioid", which means Clavaria-like. It is now known that clavarioid species are not all closely related. Since they are often studied as a group, we keep the informal (non-taxonomic) name of "clavarioid fungi", and it is frequently used in research papers.
Habitat
Most coral fungi grow on the ground, but some grow on well decayed logs and stumps.
They are usually found in forests but some can also be found in fields. They are decomposers.
Eating
Although they are not poisonous, some kinds are a laxative and some can cause stomach pain.
Other websites
fungi |
33026 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone%20fruit | Stone fruit | A stone fruit, also called a drupe, is a fruit with a large "stone" inside. The stone is sometimes called the seed, but that is a mistake, as the seed is inside the stone. The stones can also be called a pit. These fruits are edible and used frequently in cooking.
Identification
What makes a fruit?
A fruit is the matured ovary of a flower. Fruits consist of two main parts: the pericarp, or ovary wall, and the seed(s).
The pericarp has three layers: the exocarp (skin/rind), the mesocarp (bulk of the pericarp), and the endocarp (innermost layer).
Berries vs. drupes
The two main classes of fleshy fruits are berries and drupes, or stone fruits.
Berries have a fleshy mesocarp and endocarp, and may have multiple seeds.
Drupes have a fleshy mesocarp, but a tough endocarp, and of course, a "stone" or "pit" at its center. Drupes typically have only a single seed.
Examples of stone fruits
Food ingredients
Food-related lists |
33028 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humpback%20whale | Humpback whale | A humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) is a large baleen whale with long flippers and a knobbly head. They can be found in every ocean.
They can grow to 15–16 m (49–52 ft) long and weigh up to 40 metric tons.
Life history
Humpback whales can live up to 45 years. They migrate between the places they feed in the winter and the places they give birth in the summer. They usually live alone.
Feeding
Humpback whales eat krill and small fish, for example herring, capelin, and sand lance. They scoop up their food in their large mouths. Sometimes they round up their prey by swimming in tight circles and blowing curtains of bubbles around them. They often hunt in small groups, called pods.
Whale song
The male whale is known to sing for up to 22 hours at a time. Because whales do not have vocal cords, they make songs by forcing air through their nasal passages. Every male has a different song. We don't yet know why they sing, it might be to call a female or scare away other males. The songs are made up of a pattern of low notes repeated over a period of hours or days. The whales slowly change their songs over a period of years.
Other sounds
Both the male and female humpback whales make other sounds, such as moans and grunts, to communicate with each other.
References
Baleen whales |
33030 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak%20language | Slovak language | Slovak is the language spoken in Slovakia, a country in Central Europe. It is a language from Slavic language family. It is very similar to Czech, and Czechs and Slovaks understand each other quite well when they speak their own language. Polish and Sorbian are also quite similar. All of them belong to the western branch of Slavic languages. Slovak is spoken by more than 5 million people.
Pronunciation
Slovak is written using the Latin alphabet, but some letters have special signs (called diacritics).
The letters č, š, ž and dž are like the English sounds in chin, shin, vision and juice.
The letters ď, ľ, ň, and ť are called “soft consonants” and are pronounced with the blade of the tongue at the roof of the mouth.
The letters c, dz and j are also soft, like ts in bats, ds in rods, and y in yes.
Signs over a vowel show that the vowel is pronounced long: á, é, í, ó, ý ú. A long vowel is never followed in the next syllable by a short vowel.
The letter ô is like English woman, and ä is the same as the letter e.
The letter ch is like ch in Scottish loch. V is more like English w.
The letters b, d, ď, dz, dž, g, h, z, ž are voiceless when they are at the end of a word (for example, 'd' will sound like 't').
The accent is always on the first syllable of the word. That is different from Russian, for example, in which the stress can be anywhere.
Like other Slavic languages, Slovak is difficult for English-speakers to pronounce., especially because several consonants often come together. In the sentence: “Strč prst skrz krk!” there is not one single vowel (it means: “Stick a finger through your neck!”)!
Grammar
The grammar is similar to Russian, but there are some differences. Slovak, unlike Russian, has a separate word for “to be”:
Ja som Angličan (I am English).
Unlike English, Slovak does not have articles (such as “the” and “a”).
There are three genders in Slovak, therefore it is important to know whether a noun is masculine, feminine or neuter. There is no article to make it obvious (unlike in German), but it changes the adjective's ending.
Like many other European languages, Slovak verbs agree with the person, and there are different forms for 'I', 'you', 'he', etc. Verbs have different aspects to show whether or not the action is complete. There are also different cases that show how a word is used in a sentence. Different prepositions use different cases. All of that makes grammar quite complicated for English-speakers.
Sample words and phrases
The numbers from 1 to 10 are .
Use the familiar form when talking to a child, and the polite form when talking to an adult.
–Hello
–Good morning
–Good day (Used during the day)
–Good evening
–Good night
–Welcome! (familiar form)
–Welcome! (polite form)
- My name is John (Literally: I call myself John)
–What is your name? (Familiar form)
–What is your name? (Polite form)
–I am American (If speaker is male)
–I am American (If speaker is female)
–How are you? (familiar form)
–How are you (polite form)
–Thank you, I am well
–Not too bad
–Bad!
–Please
–Thank you
– You are welcome (this is a reply to “Ďakujem”)
- Enjoy your meal
\
References
Slavic languages
Languages of Europe |
33031 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic%20Arts | Electronic Arts | Electronic Arts, Inc. (EA Games) is a large company which makes computer and video games all over the world. They made famous games such as The Sims, Madden NFL and Medal of Honor. They also made the Need for Speed series. EAs most popular products are the games which are sold under the EA Sports label.
History
The company was started in February 1982 by Trip Hawkins. They first shipped their games in May 1983.
They have since then produced video games every year.
Studios
EA owns other smaller game companies which they call 'studios'.
A few of these include Maxis (creators of The Sims), Bullfrog (creators of Theme Park and Theme Hospital), and BioWare (makers of Mass Effect).
Games
Pinball Construction Set (1983) by Bill Budge
Archon (1983) and Archon II: Adept (1984) by Free Fall Associates
M.U.L.E. (1983) by Dan Bunten and Ozark Softscape
One on One: Dr. J vs. Larry Bird (1983) by Eric Hammond
Music Construction Set (1984) by Will Harvey
The Seven Cities of Gold (1984) by Dan Bunten and Ozark Softscape
The Bard's Tale (1985) by Interplay Productions
Mail Order Monsters (1985) by Paul Reiche III, Evan Robinson and Nicky Robinson
Racing Destruction Set (1985) by Rick Koenig
Instant Music (1986) by Robert Campbell
Starflight (1986) by Binary Systems
Skate or Die! (1987), EA's first internally developed title
Zany Golf (1988), by Sandcastle Productions (Will Harvey)
Populous (1989) by Bullfrog which EA acquired in 1995
The Immortal (1990) by Sandcastle Productions (Will Harvey)
Desert Strike: Return to the Gulf (1992) by EA's High Score Production group
NHL series (1991–)
Wing Commander series (1992 onwards, previous games published in-house)
FIFA series (1993–)
Need for Speed series (1994–) (first installment was made by EA in collaboration with Road & Track)
Ultima Online (1997) by Origin Systems
NASCAR series (1997–2009)
Command & Conquer series (titles from 1999–present) by Westwood Studios (earlier titles released by Virgin Interactive)
Dungeon Keeper series by Bullfrog Productions
SimCity series (titles from 1999–) by Maxis (earlier titles released by other publishers)
Medal of Honor series (1999–)
System Shock 2 (1999)
American McGee's Alice (2000)
SSX series (2000–)
James Bond series (1999–2005)
Harry Potter series (2001–2011)
The Sims (2000–2003) by Maxis
The Sims 2 (2004–2008) by Maxis (and later The Sims Studio)
The Sims Stories series (2007–2008) by Aspyr and EA
The Sims 3 (2009–present) by Visceral Games and The Sims Studio
Burnout series (2004–present)
Battlefield series (2002–present) by EA Digital Illusions CE
Madden NFL series (1989–present)
NCAA Football series (1993–present)
Dark Age of Camelot (republished after EA acquired Mythic in 2005)
Crysis series (2007–) by Crytek
Rock Band series (2007–) by Harmonix
Skate series (2007–) by EA Black Box
Mass Effect series (starting with Mass Effect 2, the first game was published by Microsoft)(2009–2012) by BioWare
Warhammer Online: Age of Reckoning (2008) by Mythic Entertainment
Spore series (2008–) by Maxis
Army of Two series (2008–) by EA Montreal
Dead Space series (2008–) by Visceral Games
Mirror's Edge (2008) by EA Digital Illusions CE
Dragon Age series (2009–) by BioWare
Dante's Inferno (2010) by Visceral Games
Star Wars: The Old Republic (2011) by BioWare
The Simpsons: Tapped Out (2012, mobile)
The Sims 4 (2014)
References
American video game companies
1982 establishments in California
Companies based in California |
33034 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tap%20%28valve%29 | Tap (valve) | A tap, faucet, or spigot is something that a liquid or gas comes out of. Taps usually have a handle that can be turned to start or stop the liquid coming out.
Many taps give water and are used in homes. They are found in kitchens and bathrooms.
Water that comes out of a tap is called tap water. At many restaurants, a person can ask for tap water instead of bottled water.
Hardware (mechanical)
la:Clepsydra |
33042 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition | Competition | A competition or contest is an event where people get together to see who is the best at something. Someone who takes part in a competition ("enters for a competition") is called a competitor. The competitors compete against one another. The person who wins may get a prize. The prize might be a trophy or money.
Competitions can be for lots of different things, for example, sport, writing, music, dancing, science, or chess.
Some competitions need a referee. The referee will make sure that the game is played fairly and that the competitors obey the rules. In events like music competitions there will often be an adjudicator who will decide which person they think is the best.
Forms
In nature, animals compete with one another for the best food, the best nesting places, etc. According to Charles Darwin, the competition in nature results in evolution.
In business, firms that make the same things or offer the same services are in competition with one another (see market forms).
The adjective of 'competition' is competitive.
If persons are "competitive" it means that they like trying to compete with other people.
Businesses often say that they sell things at "competitive prices". This means that their prices are lower than those of other businesses which sell similar things.
Examples of competitions
There are a lot of different kinds of competitions, for example:
Eating competitions, where people try to eat the most food
Running competitions, where people see who is the first to run from one place to another
Sport competitions, where sports teams try to beat each other to win a trophy
Singing competitions, where someone decides which person sang the best
or see the gallery of images below:
Related pages
International Mathematical Olympiad
Music competitions
Science Olympiad
Spelling bee
References
Basic English 850 words
Everyday life |
33054 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/SimCity | SimCity | SimCity is a computer game where the player has to build a city. They can do whatever they want to their city. It can be built from the ground up or it can be destroyed by a hurricane or a UFO.
History
Sim City was made by game maker Will Wright and first released by the company Maxis. They are now owned by Electronic Arts. The game was first officially released in 1989.
It was very popular because the game had no end. A player could not win or lose. This was the start of all simulation games.
Gameplay
At the start, the player has to build power plants. Power plants make power so the city can have electricity. By building power lines, power is connected to the different areas of the city. Water needs to be pumped in from a river using pipes to connect them to the city.
Smaller areas are marked out. These are made either residential, commercial, or industrial zones. Zones are the only places where buildings can develop. Every city needs the right amount of each zone otherwise the city will not grow.
Roads, schools and hospitals must all be built for the city to get better. Parks and libraries make more people want to move to the city. Railways and highways provide ways to connect to other neighborhoods.
Sequels
After the first game, many more were created. These were made up of three games, with spin-offs and expansion packs. These were:
SimCity 2000
SimCity 3000
SimCity 3000 Unlimited
SimCity 3000 UK Edition
SimCity 4
SimCity 4 Rush Hour
SimCity 4 Deluxe Edition
SimCity DS
SimCity DS 2
SimCity Societies
SimCity Societies Destinations
SimCity (2013)
1989 video games |
33071 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doorstop | Doorstop | A doorstop (or door stop or doorstopper) is a tool.
There are two types. One holds a door open (or stops it from closing), and the other stops the door from hitting a wall.
Doorstops that keep the door from hitting a wall can be put on the door, or on the wall, or on the floor in front of the wall.
Doorstops that are used to keep a door open come in two varieties:
Attached to the door they are supposed to stop
Wedges that can be put under the door they should stop, or anything heavy put in front of the door
Tools |
33072 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20rights%20management | Digital rights management | Digital rights management (DRM) is a way to make it difficult to copy music, movies, and computer programs. It is used to make people follow copyright laws. It works by using computer technologies.
Many companies use DRM to protect their properties from copyright infringement, such as Sony, Microsoft and the BBC. Other companies also use DRM.
Some people do not like digital rights management. They think that DRM makes copying harder than copyright laws allow. The Free Software Foundation suggested that 'digital restrictions management' is a better name.
People can break DRM. If someone breaks a DRM technology then copying is possible. All common DRM technologies have been broken. Making a DRM technology that can not be broken is very hard. Some people say that all DRM technologies can be broken. In the United States it is illegal to break a DRM.
DRM is a way for companies to keep their profits while sharing their content online. A good example of this is BBC iPlayer. They do this by keeping their content online for a certain amount of time.
Technology
Copyright |
33074 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement | Cement | Cement is a material that hardens and sticks to other materials to hold them together. Portland cement is a common kind, and made from quicklime (heated limestone) and clay. Cement is used to make concrete and mortar.
Materials |
33075 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown%20algae | Brown algae | Brown algae are a large group of multicellular algae. All the brown algae are multicellular. Most brown algae have fucoxanthin, a chemical that gives them a brown color. They inlude many seaweeds in colder waters of the Northern Hemisphere. Most brown algae live in marine environments, where they play an important role both as food and as a potential habitat.
There are 2000 species of brown algae. Most species live in the ocean. They are important as food and as homes for many animals and marine life. Some brown algae are gathered by humans for food. The giant kelp Macrocystis is a brown alga that forms underwater forests, and it may grow to 60 meters. The Sargasso Sea gets its name from the Sargassum seaweed that floats on the surface. Many brown algae grow on rocks at the seashore.
Brown algae are unique among heterokonts in developing into multicellular forms with differentiated tissues. But they reproduce by means of flagellated spores and gametes that look like the cells of other heterokonts. Genetic studies show their closest relatives to be the yellow-green algae (Xanthophyceae).
Classification
This is a list of the orders in the class Phaeophyceae:
References
Algae |
33077 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus | Bacillus | Bacillus is a genus of rod shaped bacteria. They are Gram-positive, meaning they have an extra outside cell layer.
Bacilli are partly or wholly aerobic. They do aerobic respiration. They are everywhere in nature. Bacillus includes both free-living (non-parasitic) and parasitic pathogenic species.
Under stressful conditions, they produce endospores. These are not true spores, but like survival pods they can stay in a dormant state for long periods.
Some species of Bacillus are worth noting:
Bacillus anthracis, which causes Anthrax.
Bacillus subtilis is considered an model organism. It is often used in genetic engineering.
Bacillus cereus which is responsible for a form of food poisoning.
Bacillus thuringensis which is used in pest control. It produces a toxin which can kill some moths, and certain butterflies.
Related pages
Listeria
Bacillus (shape)
References
Gram-positive bacteria |
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