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B Devolution of power to regions creation of county and national governments. C Creation of the senate and national assembly to constitute parliament. D On Citizenship, Birth and registration are the only recognize ways of attaining Kenyan citizenship. Dual citizenship is now recognized by the constitution. E Recogniti... |
J Lack of consultation with all the interested stake holders. K An attempt to tie the constitutional review process with election time-table, political programmes and interests. Why Kenya s new constitution is regarded as supreme. A The Constitution is the supreme law of the Republic and binds all persons and all State... |
A Political aspect. The consent of the governed expressed directly or indirectly through their elected representatives must be sought when making political decisions. Public opinion must be given priority in governance. B Social aspect. Human dignity must be valued at all times. Every individual should be free to organ... |
It can also promote international cooperation when extended beyond the borders. E Since it is based on moral and educative values, democracy helps individuals to develop their personality. It develops initiative of the people and their sense of responsibility. Key notes for the teacher and students- Cheloti 2012-2013 9... |
This implies the decentralization of economic power so that individuals and communities can be economically empowered to create and control their own wealth. E Equality before the law. Judgment should be made in accordance with a written law, rather than in an arbitrary manner. Each citizen also has an equal ability to... |
Groups that monitor human rights in Kenya. A Lawyers and Judges and other professionals including teachers. B Religious groups c Journalists The media-print and electronic . D The police force e Association and special commissions, e.g business associations, women groups, the Kenya National Human Rights and Equality Co... |
Everyone has a right to free movement and residence within the borders of each state. 11. Everyone has a right to ownership of property alone as well as in association with others. State cannot take away ones property without proper compensation. 12. Every citizen has a right to peaceful assembly and association. 13. E... |
28. Everyone has a right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and protection against unemployment. 29. Everyone has a right to leisure, which includes reasonable working hours and periodic holidays with pay.ght to freely participate in the cultural life of the community, to e... |
I The UN Charter on Human rights promotes the rights of women and their empowerment by affirming the equal rights for women and fighting discrimination based on genderKey notes for the teacher and students- Cheloti 2012-2013 97 j The UN Charter champions the rights of vulnerable groups like the minority migrant workers... |
5. Freedom from slavery, servitude and forced labour. No one should be held in servitude or slavery or perform forced labour. Every employer should treat his or her employees with dignity and not to force them to work. 6. Right to privacy. Every person has a right NOT to have him or herself, his or her property searche... |
18. Freedom of association. Every person has the right to form, join and participate in the activities of an association of any kind, provided that the association is not engaged in illegal activities, such as stealing or killing. 19. Protection of the right to property. Every person is entitled to own property either ... |
An arrested person has; a The right to be informed promptly in a language that the person understands of the reason for arrest, the right to remain silent and he consequences of not remaining silent. B The right to remain silent. The right of a person to choose to talk or to remain silent. C The right to communicate wi... |
D Minorities and marginalized groups have the right to develop their cultural values, languages and practices.e Minorities and marginalized groups have the right to reasonable access to water, health services and infrastructure. Rights of older members of society in Kenya.a Right to fully participate in the affairs of ... |
Britain supported France and Germany was persuaded to back down for part of French Congo. SPECIAL COVERAGE The First Moroccan Crisis The First Moroccan Crisis clearly indicated that Germany s relation with France was at best fragile. In 1905 Morocco was one of the few African states not occupied by a European power. In... |
In April 1911 a decision was made in Germany to send troops to Fez to support the foreign contingent living there. The plan was to send German warships to Agadir and Mogador ostensibly to defend German citizens in Morocco. A gunboat, the Panther , was sent to Agadir on July 1st 1911. What part did the Agadir Crisis pla... |
The Crisis of July turned into world war, just over thirty days after Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie were shot. System of Alliances. By 1914, Europe had divided into two camps. 1 The Triple Alliance was Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary. 2 The Triple Entente was Britain, France and Russia. 1 The Triple Alliance T... |
The German Army went into Belgium on the 4 August. On the same day, Great Britain started a war on Germany, because Britain was a friend of Belgium. When the Germans got to the Belgian city of Li ge, they did finally push the Belgians out of the city, but it had taken longer than the German generals had planned. On Dec... |
A brutal battle of attrition, Verdun cost the French an estimated 161,000 dead, 101,000 missing and 216,000 wounded. German losses were approximately 142,000 killed and 187,000 wounded. 2. The Eastern Front was fought in Central and Eastern Europe and was one of the main places where World War I took place. The start o... |
2 The declaration of war by the United States of America against the central powers. The First Russian Revolution In 1917, there was a revolution in Russia. The Russian people didn't want to fight anymore, because the war had been putting burdens on them, and many of them were poor and hungry. The Second Russian Revolu... |
On April 6, 1917 the United States declared war against Germany and became part of the Allies. The socialist politicians declared Germany a republic and met with the Supreme Commander of the allied forces on 7th November 1918, Ferdinand Foch, to negotiate for end of the war with very stiff terms to the Germans. The sti... |
I The Allies had financial and industrial resources in Europe and in their colonies which were used to great advantage during the war. J The Allies had powerful weapons e.g. they used Tankers, Aircraft and Battleships. K The allies were united under the Command of General Foch which disadvantaged the central powers. Ge... |
The Treaty of Versailles. It should be noted that all the above treaties were generally referred to as the Treaty of Versailles. Terms of the Versailles Treaty of 1919. A The treaty declared Germany an aggressor who was supposed to pay reparations and whose military capability was to be reduced. B She lost all her colo... |
RESULTS OF WORLD WAR I a Nationalist movements in Asia and Africa grew in strength and number after the war and a sense of patriotism arose. B USA gained an upper hand in the post war European affairs. She emerged as a leading world power. C German military capability was reduced on land and sea and heavy indemnity imp... |
Page 10 For free KCSE Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https: Teacher.co.ke The idea of its formation was mooted by Woodrow Wilson, the US president who was supported by Lord Robert Cecil of Britain, Jan Smuts of South Africa and Leon Bourgeois of France. The League of Nation came into force during the first meeting... |
The Secretariat, based in Geneva, consisted of the secretary general and his staff. It was the administrative body of the League of Nations. It kept records of the organization and conducted correspondences including treaties by member states. It implemented the Page 11 For free KCSE Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit... |
G The league ensured signing of peace treaties to promote security in the world. For example, the Locarno treaties of 1925 that settled boundary disputes between Germany and France. Failures of the League of Nations. The League of Nations failed its Prime objective of maintaining world peace in the following ways; a It... |
G There was shortage of funds to implement the functions of the League of Nations. H The Appeasement Policy of Britain and France forced them to stand aside and avoid taking a firm action against Japan when she invaded china, Germany when she invaded and occupied Rhineland, and Italy when she attacked Ethiopia. The Sec... |
This was followed by the French invasion of the Ruhr industrial region- a German territory. This led to increased tension. F Weakening of the League of Nations. Japan left the League of Nations after protest over Manchuria, which she had grabbed, from china. Italy left the League of Nations after Mussolini had grabbed ... |
This was a period during world war two when no major military operations were undertaken on the western front although war had been declared on Germany by France and Britain. The period lasted eight months from 3rd of September 1939. It was used by the Allied countries to fully mobilise their forces for an attack on Ge... |
B The French forces were not as well organized as the Germans thus exposing various military weaknesses. For example, the Germans were supported by combat planes which the French did not use. C Poor communication between the army and the airforce. The French generals failed to coordinate the war properly to the extend ... |
Why the Germans were defeated during the Russian Invasion. A The Germany army was fighting in several fronts at the same time as compared to the allies. This lack of concentration in one area allowed the other Russian army to defeat them. B The soviet forces employed the scorched earth policy which left very little for... |
On the following day, he committed suicide by shooting himself while Eva Braun took Poison. On 7th May 1945, the Germans surrendered unconditionally Why the Germans were defeated. A Germany had acquired far too many territories and she was unable to effectively control them. B The USSR recovered from her losses and beg... |
G Hitler's over-confidence and craziness did not allow him to comprehend the enormity of opposition up against him and the axis forces. H External support especially from the colonial people in Africa, Asia and elsewhere. I Axis powers dropped out of war one by one. J Allies had better industries and financial resource... |
The city of Berlin was also divided between the east and the west. D Germany and Italy were weakened especially with the loss of their colonies. E U.S.A U.S.S.R emerged as superpowers. The pre-war balance of power was destroyed and the power vacuum was filled by two new superpowers, the USA and USSR f A weakness of the... |
C Help in getting collectives solutions to world problems. Problems of global concern like desertification, global warming, armament and environmental pollution, are dealt with collectively. D Promote economic growth through trade. Due to good relations , there is expanded international trade which enables countries to... |
THE UNITED NATIONS. The UN was founded after world war Two as an organization of independent states with the following objectives; a To promote and maintain international peace and security and prevent the occurrence of another world war. B To foster friendly relations among nations of the world. C To promote respect f... |
On 11th February 1945, the Yalta Conference held by US president Roosevelt, UK PM Churchill and Russian PM Stalin declared the resolve to establish an international organization to maintain peace and security. On 25th April 1945, the United Nations Conference on International Organization began in San Francisco, USA at... |
THE SECURITY COUNCIL It has 15 members from 15 countries. Ten of these are non-permanent. It also has five permanent members namely china, France, USA, Russia and UK. Its main function is to maintain world peace and security. Page 21 For free KCSE Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https: Teacher.co.ke ECONOMIC AND SO... |
Of Egypt 1992-1996 g Kofi Annan of Ghana 1997-2000 h Ban Ki Moon. 2000 up to present Achievements of the United Nations Organization. A The organization has succeeded in keeping peace amid the threats of nuclear war and seemingly endless regional conflicts in the world. UNO has developed more than 35 peacekeeping missi... |
C Lacks sufficient funds to carry out its work efficiently. E.g it has not always been able to send enough peacekeeping forces due to lack of sufficient funds. D It lacks an effective machinery to affect its decisions. It also lacks a standing army to implement and effect its resolutions. E The permanent members with v... |
Membership to commonwealth. It comprised 54 developed and developing nations. The members are categorized as follows; 1. Britain and her Dominions of Canada, Australia and New Zealand. 2. African Nations. 3. Asian nations. 4. Islands from the Caribbean, Pacific and Mediterranean. Characteristics of commonwealth states.... |
The commonwealth ministers of Finance, Foreign Affairs and defence hold regular meetings once every year. Ministers of Health, Education and Law hold meetings once every three years 3. The Commonwealth Secretariat: headed by the secretary general and with a staff of 350 drawn from member countries. It co-ordinates co-o... |
E It lacks an effective machinery to affect its decisions. It also lacks a standing army to implement and effect its resolutions. F Loyalty to other organizations. Commonwealth members are also members of other organizations; the interests of these organizations are not in accord with those of the commonwealth g The co... |
These groupings meet often. Non-Aligned security Caucus. The countries that make up the NAM council caucus are expected to constantly strive to adopt unified positions so that the decisions and positions of NAM are reflected in the Security Council decisions without prejudice to their sovereignty. Joint coordinating co... |
The conference meets 18 months after the summit. C Ministerial meeting in New York during a session of the UN General Assembly. This is a meeting of foreign ministers annually in New York at the beginning of the regular Page 27 For free KCSE Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https: Teacher.co.ke session of the UN Ass... |
There were 28 representatives from Africa. The conference mainly focused on problems facing NAM countries due to colonial inheritance, policies of former colonial powers and the rivalry between the great powers.. c The third summit, Lusaka, 1970. The attendance was by 53 members the meeting resolved that time was ripe ... |
The conference discussed peace, nuclear disarmament, development strategies for north-south Dialogue on a new world economic order, and the south-south cooperation for collective self-reliance. H The eighth summit, Harare, 1986. It marked NAM s silver Jubilee. The main concern was Namibia s independence and apartheid i... |
C Nan-aligned nations also worked to eliminate conflict between the superpowers. This helped in the promotion of peace and security for the non-aligned world. India for example played a role in solving the Korean War, the Suez crisis and Indo- Chinese conflict. D NAM created a conducive environment for peace, justice, ... |
K The Solidarity fund established during the Harare Summit of 1986 cushioned the frontline states against the economic sanctions imposed on apartheid South Africa. L NAM has worked to create the new scientific and technological order. The members have demanded a new scientific and technological order by favouring acces... |
For example, several leaders rejected the radical views of Fidel Catron of Cuba. J Differences unrelated to the principles of NAM have developed among members. For example at the Colombo Summit of 1978, several Arab states were keen to see Egypt expelled from the movement on grounds that she had signed a separate peace... |
The formation of NATO ended USA s isolationist policy. Russians responded by signing the Warsaw Pact, in May 1955, a military alliance of communist countries. These alliances fostered hostility between countries. E The use of Russian veto powers in the UN. Russia used her veto powers to defeat UN proposals, which she a... |
In 1947, USA took over Britain s commitment in Greece and turkey to support the anti-communist regimes. B In 1947, the US Secretary of state, George Marshall came up with a proposal which was to become the Marshall Plan. This was a plan through which the US would make a major contribution to the economic recovery of Eu... |
In August 1961, the East Germans built the Berlin Wall, curtailing communication and flow of refugees from the west. The cold war was fought in Asia. In Asia, China was the first front of Cold War. She embraced communism, following the successful takeover of the country by the forces of Mao Tse-tung in October 1949, as... |
The war strengthened American hostility towards Russia There was an armed conflict between the super powers in Afghanistan from 1978. The height of the conflict in Afghanistan was the Boycott of the Moscow Olympic Games in 1980 as a protest against USSR s involvement in Afghanistan. The conflict took the form of a civi... |
Haile Mariam introduced socialist programmes, However, they were short-lived up to the end of his rule in May 1991, when Russians withdrew their assistance. In Angola, on 11th November 1975, Angola attained her independence from Portugal, with the assistance of the Soviet Union and Cuba. Soon after, a bruising civil wa... |
This was Star Wars. F The collapse of the Communist rule in Europe. Russia s president recognized the independence of other republics of USSR in 1989 thus weakening Russia s position. Western democracy was introduced in Romania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and Poland. G The successful re-unification of Germany under Helmu... |
COMECON 1949 and the European Economic Union 1957. K. The cold war led to development in science and technology. The war Stimulated space science space race. Effects of the end of Cold War on Africa. A Some African countries that were formerly socialist are in problems following collapse of USSR in 1990. E.g. Somalia, ... |
Origin and Development of pan-Africanism. The movement has roots in the trans-Atlantic slave trade that took place between 15th and 19th c. the trade was responsible for the dispersal of black people all over the world. The suffering the slaves underwent made them become conscious of their colour and origin. The Africa... |
Marcus Garvey 1887-1940 He was born on 17th August 1887 in the West Indies island of Jamaica to a family of freed slaves. The fact that Marcus was very dark is what shaped his philosophy of PanAfricanism. While a young man, he witnessed great European and Mullato discrimination on account of his complexion. He arrived ... |
He is credited for promoting African Education. He started a model institute for training blacks in agricultural and industrial skills the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama . Unfortunately, Washington adopted a policy of cooperation with the government as a means of winning acceptance by the European community. To him, Afr... |
To unite people of African origin in all parts of the world. To appeal for the end of European colonization and exploitation of Africa. To look for ways of establishing better relations between the Caucasian and African races. To initiate a movement for securing the full rights for all Africans in and outside Africa an... |
E The 5th Pan-African Conference, New York 1927. It was mainly attended by African Americans and was partly sponsored by European Philanthropists. It discussed the attitude of the communists towards pan-Africanism. F The 6th Pan African conference, Manchester 1945.it coincided with the end of the World War II. It was c... |
Africans should concentrate on winning political power through non-violent means e.g strikes and boycotts. B. African intellectuals should play an important role in mobilizing the masses to fight for political liberation. Page 41 For free KCSE Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https: Teacher.co.ke Pursuant to the con... |
D Africans in each colony were mainly concerned with issues that affected them directly e.g. Land alienation, forced labour and taxation. E The only Countries that were independent Liberia and Ethiopia could not champion pan-Africanism since they had their own internal problems and paid little attention to internationa... |
For example he assisted the Guinean leader, Sekou Toure , with Loans following the withdrawal of French support to the country after independence h He championed trade unionism in Africa as a means of promoting pan-Africanism. During the Manchester conference as a joint secretary with George Padmore, he allowed partici... |
C The movement provided an important forum where the people of African origin could discuss their problems. It promoted brotherhood among Africans. D The movement led to the Development of the spirit of solidarity among the African people when dealing with issues that concern the continent. E It laid the basis for the ... |
G The European powers domination of the international media was used to water down the importance of pan-Africans by spreading negative propaganda. H Some of the pan-African leaders could not agree on the best strategy of uplifting the welfare of the African origin peoples. I The deep economic connection between coloni... |
5 The Brazzaville Conference December 1960 Attended exclusively by the 12 francophone conservative African states, the conference emphasized the need to respect international Frontiers and noninterference in the internal affairs of any African state. They promised political support for Mauritania in her boundary disput... |
In 1963, the regional groupings compromised and joined with others to form one organization. In May 1963, foreign ministers of 32 independent African states met in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, to prepare the agenda for the heads of state meeting. The heads of states met under chair of Emperor Haile Selassie and gave birth to... |
The OAU charter borrowed heavily from that of the United Nations Organization. The only difference is that no member of OAU enjoys veto powers. All members have equal privileges and vote. Page 46 For free KCSE Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https: Teacher.co.ke The charter outlined the structure of OAU as follows;... |
Algeria, Chad vs. Nigeria and the Rwanda -Burundi conflict. B The OAU achieved total liberation of African countries, with South Africa being the last one. It offered military support to the nationalistic struggles in Mozambique, Angola, Rhodesia, Namibia and South Africa. C It condemned human rights violation in count... |
Many countries disregarded the OAU resolutions in favour of their sovereignty and national interests. E It lacked an effective machinery to effect its decisions. It also lacked a standing army to implement and effect its resolutions hence the term Toothless Bulldog coined by Gadaffi to refer to it. F Loyalty to other o... |
It allows for intervention whenever a member state experiences conflict or widespread human rights violation. B O.A.U was like an Association of African Heads of State, but A.U is like a Union of African Peoples. Increased participation of all African people is manifested in the proposed Pan-African Parliament and an e... |
K To work with relevant international partners in the eradication of preventable diseases and promotion o good health on the continent. The structure of African Union Page 49 For free KCSE Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https: Teacher.co.ke The AU charter outlined the structure of AU as follows; 1. The Assembly. T... |
They perform the following roles; a Prepare projects and programmes of the Union and submit them to the executive council. B Ensure supervision, follow-up and evaluation of the implementation of decisions taken by the organs of the Union. C Ensure co-ordination and harmonization of projects and programmes of the Union.... |
Challenges that faced the East African Community up to 1977. A Suspicion over perceived dominance among members. Tanzania and Uganda accused Kenya of acquiring the lion s share of benefits from the community. Kenyan industries for example were protected more by the common external tariffs. B Personality differences. Th... |
E A greater lesson had been learnt following the great losses and costs incurred by the East African countries following the collapse of the Community in 1977. Milestones in the Formation of the East African Community-2001. A The full East African cooperation was started on March 14, 1996, when the Secretariat of the P... |
It coordinates the activities of the sectoral committees. 4. The Sectoral Committees. These are committees created by the council on recommendation of the respective coordinating committee. 5. The East African Legislative Assembly. It provides a democratic forum for debate. It is also a watchdog of the activities of th... |
Achievements of the East African Community-2001. A It has boosted movement of citizens within the three member states of East Africa. An East African passport has been introduced. B It has provided a forum for the East African Leaders to discuss issues harmoniously. Page 53 For free KCSE Notes, Exams, and Past Papers V... |
The Executive Secretariat. Based in Lagos, Nigeria, it carries out the day-to-day administrative duties of the community. 5. Specialized commissions and Agencies. E.g the Committee on industry, natural resources and Agricultural Matters, the Committee on Trade, Customs and Immigrations Matters, the Committee on Transpo... |
This creates a problem of rates of exchange thus hindering trade. G Foreign interference. The presence of Israeli and French soldiers in Cote D Ivoire was viewed suspiciously by guinea. H Border closures. For example between Ghana and Togo and between Burkina Faso and Mali. THE COMMON MARKETS FOR EASTERN AND SOUTHERN A... |
2. The Council of Ministers. It comprises the designated ministers from member states. It meets once a year. It manages the affairs of the community. It monitors and ensures the proper functioning and development of COMESA. 3. The Court of Justice. It ensures proper interpretation and application of the provisions of t... |
B It provides member states with a rational way of exploiting natural resources for their welfare. C COMESA has established harmonized monetary, banking and financial policies in the region. D It has improved the administration of transport and communication to ease movement of goods, services and people. E It has ensu... |
The two founder members have opted for the South African Development Cooperation SADC . This has undermined COMESA. H Some members undermine their neighbours. For example Uganda and Rwanda have been accused of participating in the civil wars in the DRC. Reasons why Africa has been unable to achieve full economic integr... |
E.g. free enterprise allowing private ownership of property, nationalization policy for key industries, partnership with private sector c Mutual social responsibility. That the spirit of service and not greed for personal gain motivate Kenyans. D A range of control to ensure that property is used in mutual interests of... |
C The spirit of unity and co-operation and self-help has been discouraged by misappropriation of funds. D Corruption leads to negative attitude from people towards contributing to national development. HARAMBEE PHILOSOPHY Meaning and origin of Harambee philosophy. Harambee is a Kiswahili slogan, which means pulling tog... |
This has in turn encouraged various ethnic groups to develop their respective areas. Page 60 For free KCSE Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https: Teacher.co.ke e Harambee projects especially in rural areas have attracted foreign donors especially the NGO S f Has led to re-distribution of resources as people with mo... |
H Corruption and negative attitude from people. I Use of Harambee for political gains. NYAYOISM. Meaning and origin of Nyayoism. Nyayoism originally meant footsteps i.e. following the footsteps of Mzee Jomo Kenyatta. Page 61 For free KCSE Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https: Teacher.co.ke This was a phrase coined... |
D Nyayoism discouraged societal evils since it preached love, unity and peace. Corruption was discouraged through the philosophy. E It discouraged all forms of discrimination based on religion, tribe, race, and social status. F The philosophy created respect for public property and functions. G It enabled the creation ... |
A The philosophies have promoted nationalism and patriotism in the country. B African socialism has encouraged the democratization process as it champions for political equality. C It has promoted international cooperation and understanding SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND CHALLENGES IN KENYA SINCE INDEP... |
1n 1969, KPU was banned following riots in Kisumu. In 1975, Josiah Mwangi Kariuki. MP for Kinangop was found brutally murdered in Ngong Forest. In October 1975 martin Shikuku and the deputy speaker, Jean Marie Seroney, were arrested and detained for making claims in the house that KANU and parliament were dead. In 1976... |
Page 64 For free KCSE Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https: Teacher.co.ke The better part of 1991 witnessed a series of tribal clashes involving Kalenjin and Kikuyu, Kalenjin and Luhyia and Luos. Kenya s political developments from 1991 up to 2011. In December 1991, a parliamentary act repealed the one-party syste... |
On 28th February 2008 the former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan succeeded in brokering a power sharing deal between the incumbent President, Mwai Kibaki, and the opposition leader, Raila Odinga thus bringing to end the political violence. On April 17, 2008, Raila Odinga, from Orange Democratic Movement, was sworn as P... |
The senate and regions were also abolished. In 1966, the voting majority to change the Constitution was lowered to two-thirds of the MPs. The term region was replaced with province. In 1966, a constitutional amendment abolished the Bicameral Legislature and replaced it with a Unicameral Legislature, chosen directly by ... |
Steps towards realization of a new constitution in Kenya since 1997 In 1997, Parliament passed the Constitution of Kenya Review Act that set the pace for comprehensive constitutional reforms. The Constitution of Kenya Review Commission CKRC was established to provide civic education, seek public input and prepare a dra... |
The western donors took advantage of the collapse of the Soviet Union to set the stringiest conditionalties for aid on the government, for democratic reforms. B Disunity in KANU. There was pressure from individuals who had been expelled from KANU without political alternatives. C Existence of people who were ready to p... |
F Opposition parties make the government more accountable to the people through constant criticism. G Opposition parties provide checks and balances to abuse and misuse of powers and privileges by those in the government. Challenges of multi-party democracy in Kenya. A Since many politicians and senior government offic... |
D It encourages the politics of destabilization. E Political statements deadlocks on debates and tensions become too common. F Decisions take too long to be made and implemented. G Encourages use of violence in a state since opposition party members will be regarded as traitors by the government. The government will be... |
Land set aside for public utility use or land that is occupied by the State organ as lessee. Land transferred to the State by way of sale, reversion or surrender; Land to which no individual or community ownership is traceable. Land which no heir can be identified. All minerals and mineral ores. Government forests, gam... |
Property held in trust will only be recognized as being held by a citizen if all the beneficial interest of the trust is held by the persons who are citizens. Land policies since independence. Two type of programme that characterized land reforms exercise that commenced in 1963 in Kenya were; 1 Transfer of land from Eu... |
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