source
stringlengths 31
207
| text
stringlengths 12
1.5k
|
|---|---|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar-Mansu%C3%A8te%20Despretz
|
César-Mansuète Despretz (4 May 1791, Lessines – 15 March 1863, Paris) was a chemist and physicist. He became a French citizen in 1838. A street got its name after him in Lessines (rue César Despretz).
Biography
In 1818, Despretz started working as répétiteur in chemistry at Polytechnique, in Paris, under Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (1778-1850) who mentored his early research.
In 1824, he was appointed to teach at the prestigious Lycée Henri-IV, first as adjunct professor, then as holder of the chair of physics.
In 1831, César Despretz was briefly appointed to the chair of physics at Polytechnique to replace Claude Pouillet (1791-1868) who had resigned for health reasons after only a few months in office. Despretz was succeeded by Gabriel Lamé (1795-1870) who would hold the position from 1832 to 1844.
In 1837, he was appointed adjunct professor of physics at the Faculté des sciences de Paris.
In 1841, Despretz succeeded Félix Savart (1791-1841) in the physics section of the French Academy of Sciences. He would serve as president in 1858.
In 1847, he became full professor of physics at the Faculté des sciences de Paris.
César Despretz became a foreign member of the Royal Society in 1862, a few months before his death at the age of 71.
External links
Catholic Encyclopedia article
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
1863 deaths
1791 births
Belgian Roman Catholics
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Denton
|
Michael John Denton (born 25 August 1943) is a British proponent of intelligent design and a Senior Fellow at the Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture. He holds a PhD degree in biochemistry. Denton's book, Evolution: A Theory in Crisis, inspired intelligent design proponents Phillip Johnson and Michael Behe.
Biography
Denton gained a medical degree from Bristol University in 1969 and a PhD in biochemistry from King's College London in 1974. He was a senior research fellow in the Biochemistry Department at the University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand from 1990 to 2005. He later became a scientific researcher in the field of genetic eye diseases. He has spoken worldwide on genetics, evolution and the anthropic argument for design. Denton's current interests include defending the "anti-Darwinian evolutionary position" and the design hypothesis formulated in his book Nature’s Destiny. Denton described himself as an agnostic. He is currently a senior fellow at the Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture.
Books
Evolution: A Theory in Crisis
In 1985 Denton wrote the book Evolution: A Theory in Crisis, presenting a systematic critique of neo-Darwinism ranging from paleontology, fossils, homology, molecular biology, genetics and biochemistry, and argued that evidence of design exists in nature. Some book reviews criticized his arguments. He describes himself as an evolutionist and he has rejected biblical creationism. The book influenced both Phillip
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweet%20Body%20of%20Bianca
|
Sweet Body of Bianca () is a 1984 Italian comedy-mystery film directed by Nanni Moretti.
Plot
In Rome, Michele Apicella moves to a new apartment and starts a new job as mathematics teacher in the experimental Marilyn Monroe high school where most of the staff are, like him, eccentric. A solitary man, scrupulous about his work, one of his obsessions is the life of his new neighbours. He befriends a young couple, Maximilian and Aurora, but is deeply upset when he sees the girl with another man. She is found dead and the police inspector, thinking that Michele may know more than he reveals, puts him under surveillance.
An attractive new teacher, Bianca, arrives at the school and the two show interest in each other. She is living with a man, but decides to leave him and move in with Michele. While he is overjoyed to have the love of a beautiful and affectionate young woman, he is afraid that this perfection will not last and that like so many other couples he knows they will fall out.
One couple he is upset by are Ignazio and Maria who, despite his efforts to reconcile them, are breaking up. When they are both murdered, the police inspector arrests Michele as a suspect, but he is freed when Bianca gives him a false alibi. He then breaks with Bianca, telling her it is better to part while they are happy and, once on his own, his already fragile mental equilibrium crumbles. The film ends with his rambling confession to the patient inspector over how the dead neighbour and frien
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehrling%27s%20lemma
|
In mathematics, Ehrling's lemma, also known as Lions' lemma, is a result concerning Banach spaces. It is often used in functional analysis to demonstrate the equivalence of certain norms on Sobolev spaces. It was named after Gunnar Ehrling.
Statement of the lemma
Let (X, ||·||X), (Y, ||·||Y) and (Z, ||·||Z) be three Banach spaces. Assume that:
X is compactly embedded in Y: i.e. X ⊆ Y and every ||·||X-bounded sequence in X has a subsequence that is ||·||Y-convergent; and
Y is continuously embedded in Z: i.e. Y ⊆ Z and there is a constant k so that ||y||Z ≤ k||y||Y for every y ∈ Y.
Then, for every ε > 0, there exists a constant C(ε) such that, for all x ∈ X,
Corollary (equivalent norms for Sobolev spaces)
Let Ω ⊂ Rn be open and bounded, and let k ∈ N. Suppose that the Sobolev space Hk(Ω) is compactly embedded in Hk−1(Ω). Then the following two norms on Hk(Ω) are equivalent:
and
For the subspace of Hk(Ω) consisting of those Sobolev functions with zero trace (those that are "zero on the boundary" of Ω), the L2 norm of u can be left out to yield another equivalent norm.
References
Notes
Bibliography
Banach spaces
Sobolev spaces
Lemmas in analysis
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implosion
|
Implosion can refer to:
Physics
Implosion (mechanical process)
Building implosion
Implosion-type nuclear weapon
In phonetics, an airstream mechanism associated with implosive consonants
Gravitational collapse (and more specifically, core collapse) in cosmology
Parabolic implosion in complex dynamics
Art, entertainment and media
Books
Implosion (novel), by D. F. Jones
Implosion, book by Kathy Acker Mark Magill 1983
Implosion, romantic novel by Berinn Rae Crimson Romance 2013
Implosion, non-fiction book by Joel C. Rosenberg
Film and TV
Implosion, 1983 short film directed by E. Elias Merhige
Implosion, 2009 German film with Marie Tourell Søderberg
Implosion, 2011 German film with Eriq Ebouaney
Implosion, a 2016 film by Steven Woloshen
Music
Implosion, album by Cybotron (Australian band) Aztec Music 2005
Implosion, album by False Prophets (band) Alternative Tentacles 1987
Implosions (album), album by Stephan Micus 1977
Implosions, album by Stanley Clarke 1987
Implosions, video album by Stanley Clarke 1987
Video games
Implosion - Never Lose Hope, a 2015 iOS game by Rayark
See also
Implode (disambiguation)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margo%20Seltzer
|
Margo Ilene Seltzer is a professor and researcher in computer systems. She is currently the Canada 150 Research Chair in Computer Systems and the Cheriton Family Chair in Computer Science at the University of British Columbia. Previously, Seltzer was the Herchel Smith Professor of Computer Science at Harvard University's John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and director at the Center for Research on Computation and Society.
Education
Seltzer received her A.B. in Applied Mathematics at Harvard/Radcliffe College in 1983, where she was teaching assistant under Harry R. Lewis at Harvard University. In 1992, she received her Ph.D. in computer science from the University of California, Berkeley where her dissertation, "File System Performance and Transaction Support", was supervised by Michael Stonebraker. Her work in log-structured file systems, databases, and wide-scale caching is especially well-known, and she was lead author of the BSD-LFS paper.
Career
Academia
Seltzer became an Assistant Professor of Computer Science at Harvard University in 1992, and an Associate Professor in 1997. She held endowed chairs as a Gordon McKay Professor of Computer Science in 2000, and as the Herchel Smith Professor of Computer Science in 2004. From 2005 to 2010, Seltzer was designated a Harvard College Professor in recognition of "particularly distinguished contributions to undergraduate teaching." Seltzer was the Associate Dean of the School of Engineering and Appli
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Oklahoma%20State%20University%20buildings
|
Academic facilities
Advanced Technology Research Center
Agricultural Center Offices
Agricultural Hall
Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory
Animal Sciences
Architecture Building
Bartlett Center for the Visual Arts
BioSystems and Agricultural Engineering Laboratory
Boren Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital
Business Building
Civil Engineering Laboratory
Classroom Building
Controlled Environmental Research Laboratory
Cordell Hall
Edmon Low Library
Electronics Laboratory
Engineering North
Engineering South
Fire Protection and Safety Technology Laboratory
Food and Agricultural Products Research and Technology Center
Greenhouses
Gundersen Hall
Hanner Hall
Hazardous Reaction Laboratory
Human Environmental Sciences
Human Environmental Sciences West
Library Annex
Life Sciences East
Life Sciences West
MAE Research Laboratory
Math Sciences
McElroy Hall
Morrill Hall
Noble Research Center
North Classroom Building (finished late 2008)
Paul Miller Journalism and Broadcasting Building
Physical Sciences
Scott Hall
Seretean Center For the Performing Arts
Social Sciences and Humanities (formerly known as Murray Hall)
Thatcher Hall
Visual Arts Annex
Willard Hall
Athletic facilities
Allie P. Reynolds Stadium
Boone Pickens Stadium
Cowboy Tennis Complex
Cowgirl Soccer Stadium
Cowgirl Softball Complex
Equestrian Center
Gallagher-Iba Arena
Indoor Hitting Facility
K. B. Droke Track Center
National Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum
Michael and Anne Greenwood Tennis Center
Sherman E. Smith Trainin
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20A.%20Jorgensen
|
Richard A. Jorgensen (born 1951) is an American molecular geneticist and an early pioneer in the study of post transcriptional gene silencing.
Biography
From 1965 through 1969 he attended Loyola Academy in Wilmette, Illinois, a college preparatory school. Jorgensen holds a B.S. in biomedical engineering and a M.S. in chemistry from Northwestern University, which he attended from 1969 through 1973.
In 1978, he received a Ph.D. in biochemistry from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He did postdoctoral research at the Carnegie Institution's plant biology department at Stanford University with William F Thompson, and then at the University of California at Davis in the department of genetics with Robert W. Allard. From 1983 to 1990, he was employed at Advanced Genetic Sciences, Inc., which became DNA Plant Technology Corp., where he was director of floriculture genetic engineering and did the initial work on cosuppression. From 1990 to 1997, he was a research geneticist at UC Davis, and from 1997 to 2010 he was associate professor and then professor at the University of Arizona where he held the Bud Antle Chair for Excellence in Agricultural and Life Sciences.
His and Carolyn Napoli's observations of pigment gene "cosuppression" in Petunia flowers are examples of post transcriptional gene silencing that predated the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) and contributed to the current understanding of the commonality of RNA-mediated gene silencing in eukaryotes. Their initial
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiawatha%20%28web%20server%29
|
Hiawatha is a web server available for multiple platforms. It is developed by Hugo Leisink.
History
Hiawatha started in January 2002 as a small web server for servers with older hardware. Leisink, a computer science student at the time, initially created the server to support internet servers in student houses in Delft of South Holland, the Netherlands. As the server was designed with improved security as its focus, Leisink states that "there are a lot of security features in Hiawatha you won't find in any other webserver."
The January 2009 edition of Linux Magazine included an article on the Hiawatha web server, describing it as "a light web server with good performance and some innovative security functions". Hiawatha is frequently cited as a lightweight alternative to Apache, as it prioritizes easy installation and reduced storage over adding many other features.
Important versions
1.0: September 2002. A basic but functional web server.
2.0: March 2004. Use of multithreading instead of forking.
3.0: September 2004. SSL support.
4.0: December 2005. A CGI-wrapper for improved security was included.
5.0: October 2006. FastCGI support for improved CGI speed.
5.2: November 2006. First-time integration to the FreeBSD Ports system at version 5.2 in December 2006, to the OpenBSD ports tree at version 5.7 in March 2007.
5.12: August 2007. URL rewriting support.
6.0: October 2007. IPv6 support.
6.6: April 2008. XSLT support.
6.10 : October 2008. Prevent cross-site reque
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherina%20Reiche
|
Katherina Reiche (born 16 July 1973) is a German manager and former politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).
Education
After receiving her Abitur in 1992, she studied chemistry at the University of Potsdam, Clarkson University in New York and the University of Turku in Finland. In 1997, she received her diploma.
Political career
In 1992, Reiche was one of the founding members of the Ring Christlich-Demokratischer Studenten (Association of Christian-Democrat Students, RCDS) in Potsdam and in the same year she joined the Junge Union. Since 1996 she has also been member of the CDU. In 2000 Reiche became a member of the federal executive of the CDU and she also is part of the party's executive board in the state of Brandenburg.
During the election campaign in 2002, Reiche was conscripted into the CDU/CSU's competence team by then chancellor candidate Edmund Stoiber, as an expert on women, youth and family policies. This decision was criticized by conservative circles inside the two parties, because Reiche was an unmarried mother at that point in time.
From 2005 until 2009, Reiche served as deputy chairwoman of the CDU/CSU's parliamentary group, under the leadership of chairman Volker Kauder. In this capacity, she was in charge of overseeing the policy areas Education and Science as well as Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety.
In the negotiations to form a coalition government following the 2009 federal elections, Reiche was part of the working gro
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20C.%20Mather
|
John Cromwell Mather (born August 7, 1946, Roanoke, Virginia) is an American astrophysicist, cosmologist and Nobel Prize in Physics laureate for his work on the Cosmic Background Explorer Satellite (COBE) with George Smoot.
This work helped cement the big-bang theory of the universe. According to the Nobel Prize committee, "the COBE-project can also be regarded as the starting point for cosmology as a precision science."
Mather is a senior astrophysicist at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in Maryland and adjunct professor of physics at the University of Maryland College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences. In 2007, Time magazine listed Mather among the 100 Most Influential People in The World. In October 2012, he was listed again by Time magazine in a special issue on New Space Discoveries as one of the 25 most influential people in space.
Mather is one of the 20 American recipients of the Nobel Prize in Physics to sign a letter addressed to President George W. Bush in May 2008, urging him to "reverse the damage done to basic science research in the Fiscal Year 2008 Omnibus Appropriations Bill" by requesting additional emergency funding for the Department of Energy's Office of Science, the National Science Foundation, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Mather served as the senior project scientist for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) from 1995 until 2023, when he was succeeded by Jane Rigby.
In 2014, Mather delivered an a
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Smoot
|
George Fitzgerald Smoot III (born February 20, 1945) is an American astrophysicist, cosmologist, Nobel laureate, and the second contestant to win the $1 million prize on Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2006 for his work on the Cosmic Background Explorer with John C. Mather that led to the "discovery of the black body form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation".
This work helped further the Big Bang theory of the universe using the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite. According to the Nobel Prize committee, "the COBE project can also be regarded as the starting point for cosmology as a precision science." Smoot donated his share of the Nobel Prize money, less travel costs, to a charitable foundation.
Smoot has been at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory since 1970. He is Chair of the Endowment Fund "Physics of the Universe" of Paris Center for Cosmological Physics. Apart from being elected a member of the US National Academy of Sciences and a Fellow of the American Physical Society, Smoot has been honored by several universities worldwide with doctorates or professorships. He was also the recipient of Gruber Prize in Cosmology (2006), Daniel Chalonge Medal from the International School of Astrophysics (2006), Einstein Medal from Albert Einstein Society (2003), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award from the US Department of Energy (1995), and the Exceptional Scient
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Sach
|
Andrew Sach is a contemporary evangelical Christian pastor, speaker and author. He is an ordained Church of England minister and holds a doctorate in neuroscience. He has written several Christian books and is a regular speaker at Word Alive and other conferences.
As an 18-year-old Sach was an atheist and viewed Christians as "naive, superstitious and ignorant". Whilst reading Natural Sciences as an undergraduate at St John's College, University of Cambridge, Sach was contacted by the Christian Union who challenged him to think about whether or not the resurrection of Jesus Christ was a historical fact or not. He eventually concluded that it was, and became a Christian. After his degree, Sach worked as an apprentice for a year at the church of St Andrew the Great, Cambridge.
Sach then did a doctorate in neuroscience at the University of York. He published three scientific papers on auditory spatial attention.
He then worked for St Helen's Bishopsgate in London for three years. Whilst there he studied part-time at the Cornhill Training Course. From there went to Oak Hill Theological College (with a six-month exchange to Moore Theological College, Sydney) to train for ordination in the Church of England. He then worked as a curate at St Helens for several years, leading the 6pm and then the 10:30am congregations.
Sach is currently a minister at Grace Church Greenwich and a tutor on the Cornhill Training Course.
Sach has co-authored a number of books on biblical exegesis in
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan%20Feynman
|
Joan Feynman (March 31, 1927 – July 21, 2020) was an American astrophysicist. She made contributions to the study of solar wind particles and fields, sun-Earth relations, and magnetospheric physics. In particular, Feynman was known for developing an understanding of the origin of auroras. She was also known for creating a model that predicts the number of high-energy particles likely to hit a spacecraft over its lifetime, and for uncovering a method for predicting sunspot cycles.
Early life
Feynman was raised in the Far Rockaway section of Queens, New York City, along with her elder brother, Richard Feynman (who became a Nobel Prize-winning physicist). Her parents were Lucille Feynman (née Phillips), a homemaker, and Melville Arthur Feynman, a businessman. Her parents, both Ashkenazi Jews, originated from Minsk, Belarus (then in Russian Empire) and Poland.
Joan was an inquisitive child, and she exhibited an interest in understanding the natural world from an early age. However, her mother and grandmother both dissuaded her from pursuing science, since they believed that women's brains were not physically capable of understanding complex scientific concepts in the way that men's brains could. Despite this, her brother Richard always encouraged her to be curious about the universe. It was he who originally introduced young Joan to auroras when, one night, he coaxed her out of bed to witness the northern lights flickering above an empty golf course near their home. Later, Fe
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evelyn%20Mantilla
|
Evelyn Mantilla (born February 16, 1963) is an American politician from Connecticut who served from 1997 to 2007 as a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives. Mantilla was born in Caguas, Puerto Rico, and moved to Hartford, Connecticut, in 1978. She has a A.S. degree in computer science from Manchester Community College (Connecticut) and bachelor's degree in management, magna cum laude, from the University of Saint Joseph (Connecticut). She was first elected to represent the predominantly Latino 4th district in a special election held in February 1997, and she served for a time as Deputy Majority Leader. She came out as America's first openly bisexual state official in 1997.
Political career
Mantilla's first run for office was in 1993, when she campaigned for the Hartford City Council. She lost this election by 16 votes. In 1996, Mantilla took the position of legislation liaison for the Hartford Permanent Commission on the Status of Women. Then, in September 1996, Mantilla began her second political campaign, running against the incumbent Eddie Garcia to be a state representative for Connecticut's district 4. She and her campaign staff, composing of 100 volunteers, faced death threats, threats of physical harm, and attempted arson to their headquarters. After a tumultuous campaign, Mantilla lost the 1996 election to Garcia. However, Garcia was later convicted of voter fraud, and Mantilla petitioned for a new election, which she won.
In February 1997, Mantilla w
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greedy%20algorithm%20for%20Egyptian%20fractions
|
In mathematics, the greedy algorithm for Egyptian fractions is a greedy algorithm, first described by Fibonacci, for transforming rational numbers into Egyptian fractions. An Egyptian fraction is a representation of an irreducible fraction as a sum of distinct unit fractions, such as . As the name indicates, these representations have been used as long ago as ancient Egypt, but the first published systematic method for constructing such expansions was described in 1202 in the Liber Abaci of Leonardo of Pisa (Fibonacci). It is called a greedy algorithm because at each step the algorithm chooses greedily the largest possible unit fraction that can be used in any representation of the remaining fraction.
Fibonacci actually lists several different methods for constructing Egyptian fraction representations. He includes the greedy method as a last resort for situations when several simpler methods fail; see Egyptian fraction for a more detailed listing of these methods. As Salzer (1948) details, the greedy method, and extensions of it for the approximation of irrational numbers, have been rediscovered several times by modern mathematicians, earliest and most notably by A closely related expansion method that produces closer approximations at each step by allowing some unit fractions in the sum to be negative dates back to .
The expansion produced by this method for a number is called the greedy Egyptian expansion, Sylvester expansion, or Fibonacci–Sylvester expansion of . How
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryl%20Parker%20Haskins
|
Caryl Parker Haskins (1908–2001) was an American scientist, author, inventor, philanthropist, governmental adviser and pioneering entomologist in the study of ant biology. Along with Franklin S. Cooper, he founded the Haskins Laboratories, a private, non-profit research laboratory, in 1935. He was professor at Union College. He was also on the boards of non-profits such as the Carnegie Institution of Washington and the Smithsonian Institution.
Career
Haskins was initially educated at Yale University, where he was awarded a B.S. degree in 1930. He went on to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1935. During his career, he was awarded an Sc.D. from multiple institutions.
Haskins taught at Union College as a research professor from 1937 to 1955. He was also a research associate at MIT from 1935 to 1945.
In the late 1940s, he began to study the evolution of guppies in the streams of Trinidad. He found that male guppies in stream ponds further upstream were more colorful than those downstream, presumably because of fewer predators there.
He also continued his research on entomology, working with his wife, Edna Haskins (whom he married in 1940), and other colleagues.
Haskins Laboratories
In the 1930s, Haskins was inspired by Alfred Lee Loomis to establish his own research facility. He founded Haskins Laboratories in 1935. Affiliated with Harvard University, MIT and Union College, Haskins conducted research in microbiology, radiation physics and other fields in Cambridge,
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous%20embedding
|
In mathematics, one normed vector space is said to be continuously embedded in another normed vector space if the inclusion function between them is continuous. In some sense, the two norms are "almost equivalent", even though they are not both defined on the same space. Several of the Sobolev embedding theorems are continuous embedding theorems.
Definition
Let X and Y be two normed vector spaces, with norms ||·||X and ||·||Y respectively, such that X ⊆ Y. If the inclusion map (identity function)
is continuous, i.e. if there exists a constant C > 0 such that
for every x in X, then X is said to be continuously embedded in Y. Some authors use the hooked arrow "↪" to denote a continuous embedding, i.e. "X ↪ Y" means "X and Y are normed spaces with X continuously embedded in Y". This is a consistent use of notation from the point of view of the category of topological vector spaces, in which the morphisms ("arrows") are the continuous linear maps.
Examples
A finite-dimensional example of a continuous embedding is given by a natural embedding of the real line X = R into the plane Y = R2, where both spaces are given the Euclidean norm:
In this case, ||x||X = ||x||Y for every real number X. Clearly, the optimal choice of constant C is C = 1.
An infinite-dimensional example of a continuous embedding is given by the Rellich–Kondrachov theorem: let Ω ⊆ Rn be an open, bounded, Lipschitz domain, and let 1 ≤ p < n. Set
Then the Sobolev space W1,p(Ω; R) is continuously embedd
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%2B
|
H+ or h+ may refer to:
Science and technology
Electron hole, h+ the conceptual opposite of an electron
Evolved High Speed Packet Access, H+ mobile phone icon
Hydron (chemistry), H+ a cationic form of atomic hydrogen
Other
H (S-train), a rail service in Copenhagen, Denmark
H+: The Digital Series, a science-fiction web series
H+ (album), a 2018 solo album by Jean-Benoît Dunckel
Humanity+, an international organisation and magazine that advocates transhumanism
Transhumanist Party, whose symbol is H+
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan%20Boneh
|
Dan Boneh (; ) is an Israeli–American professor in applied cryptography and computer security at Stanford University.
In 2016, Boneh was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for contributions to the theory and practice of cryptography and computer security.
Biography
Born in Israel in 1969, Boneh obtained his Ph.D. in computer science from Princeton University in 1996 under the supervision of Richard J. Lipton.
Boneh is one of the principal contributors to the development of pairing-based cryptography, along with Matt Franklin of the University of California, Davis. He joined the faculty of Stanford University in 1997, and became professor of computer science and electrical engineering. He teaches massive open online courses on the online learning platform Coursera. In 1999, he was awarded a fellowship from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. In 2002, he co-founded a company called Voltage Security with three of his students. The company was acquired by Hewlett-Packard in 2015.
In 2018, Boneh became co-director (with David Mazières) of the newly founded Center for Blockchain Research at Stanford, predicting at the time that "Blockchains will become increasingly critical to doing business globally." Dr. Boneh is also known for putting his entire introductory cryptography course online for free. The course is also available via Coursera.
Awards
2021 Fellow of the American Mathematical Society
2020 Selfridge Prize with Jonathan Love
2016 Elected
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-length%20code
|
In coding theory, a variable-length code is a code which maps source symbols to a variable number of bits. The equivalent concept in computer science is bit string.
Variable-length codes can allow sources to be compressed and decompressed with zero error (lossless data compression) and still be read back symbol by symbol. With the right coding strategy an independent and identically-distributed source may be compressed almost arbitrarily close to its entropy. This is in contrast to fixed-length coding methods, for which data compression is only possible for large blocks of data, and any compression beyond the logarithm of the total number of possibilities comes with a finite (though perhaps arbitrarily small) probability of failure.
Some examples of well-known variable-length coding strategies are Huffman coding, Lempel–Ziv coding, arithmetic coding, and context-adaptive variable-length coding.
Codes and their extensions
The extension of a code is the mapping of finite length source sequences to finite length bit strings, that is obtained by concatenating for each symbol of the source sequence the corresponding codeword produced by the original code.
Using terms from formal language theory, the precise mathematical definition is as follows: Let and be two finite sets, called the source and target alphabets, respectively. A code is a total function mapping each symbol from to a sequence of symbols over , and the extension of to a homomorphism of into , which natur
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadammanitta%20Vasudevan%20Pillai
|
Prof. Kadammanitta Vasudevan Pillai, is a Padayani exponent from Kerala, India. He is the former Vice Chairman of the Kerala Folklore Academy, a professor in mathematics, a writer and public speaker.
Early and professional life
Vasudevan Pillai was born to M. R. Ramakrishna Pillai (late) and Parukutty Amma (late), at a small village called Kadammanitta in Pathanamthitta district Kerala on 24 May 1947. His only sister is Omana Kumariamma. From childhood itself, he was interested in Padayani and Kerala folklore. He completed his pre-school and graduated from Catholicate College in Pathanamthitta. He did his MSc in Mathematics from Ravi Shankar University Raipur state of Chhattisgarh (then Madhya Pradesh) and was the first rank holder. He completed his Post Graduation with Gold medal. He later came back to Kerala and joined as lecturer in Mathematics in various colleges of NSS Management in Kerala. He worked in NSS College, Pandalam for most of the time, till his retirement as Head of Department in 2002.
He has served as the vice chairman of The Kerala Folklore Academy from 1997 to 2001.
As Padayani exponent and writer
Vasudevan Pillai has contributed greatly to the field of Kerala folklore. He has written books on Padayani and other traditional art forms.
:
1. Padayaniyile pala kolangal
2. Padayani
3. Padayaniyude jeevathalam
4. Padayani : Janakeya anushtaana nadakam (Mahatma Gandhi University textbook)
5. Padayani : Oru ithihasa nadakam
6. Padayani : The traditional ep
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces%20Genome%20Database
|
The Saccharomyces Genome Database (SGD) is a scientific database of the molecular biology and genetics of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is commonly known as baker's or budding yeast. Further information is located at the Yeastract curated repository.
Saccharomyces Genome Database
The SGD provides Internet access to the complete Saccharomyces cerevisiae genomic DNA sequence, its genes and their products, the phenotypes of its mutants, and the literature supporting these data. In the peer-reviewed literature report, experiment result on function and interaction of yeast genes are extracted by high-quality manual curation and integrated within a well-developed database. The data are combined with quality high-throughput results and post on Locus Summary pages which is a powerful query engine and rich genome browser. Based on the complexity of information collection, multiple bioinformatic tools are used to integrate information and allow productive discovery of new biological details. The gold standard for functional description of budding yeast is provided by SGD resource. The SGD resource also provide a platform from which to investigate related genes and pathways in higher organisms. The amount of information and the number of features provided by SGD have increased greatly following the release of the S. cerevisiae genomic sequence. SGD aids researchers by providing not only basic information, but also tools such as sequence similarity searching that lead to d
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trailing%20zero
|
In mathematics, trailing zeros are a sequence of 0 in the decimal representation (or more generally, in any positional representation) of a number, after which no other digits follow.
Trailing zeros to the right of a decimal point, as in 12.340, don’t affect the value of a number and may be omitted if all that is of interest is its numerical value. This is true even if the zeros recur infinitely. For example, in pharmacy, trailing zeros are omitted from dose values to prevent misreading. However, trailing zeros may be useful for indicating the number of significant figures, for example in a measurement. In such a context, "simplifying" a number by removing trailing zeros would be incorrect.
The number of trailing zeros in a non-zero base-b integer n equals the exponent of the highest power of b that divides n. For example, 14000 has three trailing zeros and is therefore divisible by 1000 = 103, but not by 104. This property is useful when looking for small factors in integer factorization. Some computer architectures have a count trailing zeros operation in their instruction set for efficiently determining the number of trailing zero bits in a machine word.
Factorial
The number of trailing zeros in the decimal representation of n!, the factorial of a non-negative integer n, is simply the multiplicity of the prime factor 5 in n!. This can be determined with this special case of de Polignac's formula:
where k must be chosen such that
more precisely
and denotes the f
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mackinac%20College
|
Mackinac College was a private liberal arts college which opened on Mackinac Island, Michigan, in the fall of 1966 and closed four years later in 1970. The college taught courses in biology, chemistry, physics, psychology, modern languages, theater, television, radio, journalism, art, government, and public affairs. The college offered professional degrees.
Beginnings
In 1964, journalist Peter Howard of the Moral Re-Armament (MRA) movement proposed the idea of converting the MRA camp at Mackinac Island, which stood unused for a large portion of the year, into a college campus. His proposal was to create a high-level school institution to educate young adults for the 21st century to play key roles in international relations, modern languages, theater, television, radio, journalism, art, government, and public affairs. The college planned to offer professional degrees in these fields. The school was granted a charter from the state of Michigan in 1965.
The MRA deeded its headquarters on the island and the Old Mission House to Mackinac College. The first class was admitted in 1966, due to graduate in 1970, consisted of 113 students from 30 states and Canada. The charter class of freshmen students were put in temporary classroom facilities on September 15 in the new Peter Howard Memorial Library building on the beach at Cedar Point until the college facilities were finished. Optical physicist Samuel Douglas Cornell resigned from his 12 year position as an executive manager of
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20D.%20Kornberg
|
Roger David Kornberg (born April 24, 1947) is an American biochemist and professor of structural biology at Stanford University School of Medicine. Kornberg was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2006 for his studies of the process by which genetic information from DNA is copied to RNA, "the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription."
Education and early life
Kornberg was born in St. Louis, Missouri, into a Jewish family, the eldest son of biochemist Arthur Kornberg, who won the Nobel Prize, and Sylvy Ruth (Levy) who was also a biochemist. He earned his bachelor's degree in chemistry from Harvard University in 1967 and his Ph.D. in chemical physics from Stanford in 1972 supervised by Harden M. McConnell.
Career
Kornberg became a postdoctoral research fellow at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England and then an Assistant Professor of Biological Chemistry at Harvard Medical School in 1976, before moving to his present position as Professor of Structural Biology at Stanford Medical School in 1978.
Since 2004, Kornberg has been the editor of the Annual Review of Biochemistry.
Research
Kornberg identified the role of RNA polymerase II and other proteins in DNA transcription, creating three-dimensional images of the protein cluster using X-ray crystallography.
Kornberg and his research group have made several fundamental discoveries concerning the mechanisms and regulation of eukaryotic transcription. While a graduate student working with Harden McC
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Balding
|
David Balding is Professor of Statistical Genetics at the University of Melbourne, and Director of Melbourne Integrative Genomics (MIG), having previously been the founding senior appointment at the UCL Genetics Institute in London. He was educated at the University of Newcastle, Australia, and the University of Oxford, UK, and is editor of the Handbook of Statistical Genetics.
Balding is best known for the Balding–Nichols forensic DNA match probability formula, widely used around the world to evaluate weight of evidence for DNA profile evidence allowing for shared ancestry between the alleged and alternative contributors. His is also known for the Balding–Nichols model of allele frequencies in structured populations and as one of the founders of the approximate Bayesian computation method of statistical inference.
As Director of MIG, he leads a team developing statistical and computational methods for the analysis of genomics data—with applications in medicine, biology, agriculture and forensics.
Balding was elected Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science in 2019.
References
External links
David Balding's personal website
Citation and video marking election to the Academy of Sciences
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Australian statisticians
Population geneticists
Australian expatriates in England
Academics of Imperial College London
21st-century British mathematicians
Genetic epidemiologists
Place of birth missing (living people)
Statistical
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obligate
|
As an adjective, obligate means "by necessity" (antonym facultative) and is used mainly in biology in phrases such as:
Obligate aerobe, an organism that cannot survive without oxygen
Obligate anaerobe, an organism that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen
Obligate air-breather, a term used in fish physiology to describe those that respire entirely from the atmosphere
Obligate biped, Bipedalism designed to walk on two legs
Obligate carnivore, an organism dependent for survival on a diet of animal flesh.
Obligate chimerism, a kind of organism with two distinct sets of DNA, always
Obligate hibernation, a state of inactivity in which some organisms survive conditions of insufficiently available resources.
Obligate intracellular parasite, a parasitic microorganism that cannot reproduce without entering a suitable host cell
Obligate parasite, a parasite that cannot reproduce without exploiting a suitable host
Obligate photoperiodic plant, a plant that requires sufficiently long or short nights before it initiates flowering, germination or similarly functions
Obligate symbionts, organisms that can only live together in a symbiosis
See also
Opportunism (biological)
Biology terminology
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvin%20L.%20Cohen
|
Marvin Lou Cohen (born March 3, 1935) is an American–Canadian theoretical physicist. He is a physics professor at the University of California, Berkeley. Cohen is a leading expert in the field of condensed matter physics. He is widely known for his seminal work on the electronic structure of solids.
Biography
Early life and education
Cohen was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. His parents Elmo and Molly (Zaritsky) Cohen were both born in Montreal and his grandparents, all of Jewish descent, emigrated to Canada from the Baltic states and Russia. He, together with his parents and younger brother, Gordon, moved to San Francisco, California, in 1947, where he attended Roosevelt Junior High School and George Washington High School. He was naturalized a U.S. citizen, November 1953.
He attended the University of California, Berkeley for an A.B. in physics in 1957 and the University of Chicago with a M.S. in physics in 1958 and a Ph.D. in physics completed 1963, conferred 1964. His Ph.D. thesis advisor was James C. Phillips.
Career
From 1963 to 1964, Cohen was a member of the technical staff with a postdoctoral position in the theoretical physics group at Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey, where his mentors were primarily Philip W. Anderson and Conyers Herring. He joined the faculty of the University of California, Berkeley in 1964 (assistant professor of physics 1964–66; associate professor 1966–69; professor 1969–1995; university professor 1995–present; professor
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation%20formalisms%20in%20three%20dimensions
|
In geometry, various formalisms exist to express a rotation in three dimensions as a mathematical transformation. In physics, this concept is applied to classical mechanics where rotational (or angular) kinematics is the science of quantitative description of a purely rotational motion. The orientation of an object at a given instant is described with the same tools, as it is defined as an imaginary rotation from a reference placement in space, rather than an actually observed rotation from a previous placement in space.
According to Euler's rotation theorem, the rotation of a rigid body (or three-dimensional coordinate system with a fixed origin) is described by a single rotation about some axis. Such a rotation may be uniquely described by a minimum of three real parameters. However, for various reasons, there are several ways to represent it. Many of these representations use more than the necessary minimum of three parameters, although each of them still has only three degrees of freedom.
An example where rotation representation is used is in computer vision, where an automated observer needs to track a target. Consider a rigid body, with three orthogonal unit vectors fixed to its body (representing the three axes of the object's local coordinate system). The basic problem is to specify the orientation of these three unit vectors, and hence the rigid body, with respect to the observer's coordinate system, regarded as a reference placement in space.
Rotations and motion
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E2%80%93Bbar%20oscillation
|
Neutral B meson oscillations (or – oscillations) are one of the manifestations of the neutral particle oscillation, a fundamental prediction of the Standard Model of particle physics. It is the phenomenon of B mesons changing (or oscillating) between their matter and antimatter forms before their decay. The meson can exist as either a bound state of a strange antiquark and a bottom quark, or a strange quark and bottom antiquark. The oscillations in the neutral B sector are analogous to the phenomena that produce long and short-lived neutral kaons.
– mixing was observed by the CDF experiment at Fermilab in 2006 and by LHCb at CERN in 2011 and 2021.
Excess of matter over antimatter
The Standard Model predicts that regular matter mesons are slightly favored in these oscillations over their antimatter counterpart, making strange B mesons of special interest to particle physicists. The observation of the – mixing phenomena led physicists to propose the construction of B-factories in the early 1990s. They realized that a precise – oscillation measure could pin down the unitarity triangle and perhaps explain the excess of matter over antimatter in the universe. To this end construction began on two "B factories" in the late nineties, one at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) in California and one at KEK in Japan.
These B factories, BaBar and Belle, were set at the (4S) resonance which is just above the threshold for decay into two B mesons.
On 14 May 2010, physici
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford%20Observatory%20%28Ithaca%29
|
The Clinton B. Ford Observatory is an astronomical observatory that is operated by the Ithaca College physics department. The observatory is located in the forest on the south end of the Ithaca College campus in Ithaca, New York (United States). It was constructed in 1998 using funds from the National Science Foundation and a bequest from the late Clinton B. Ford. It houses a CCT-16 16-inch (0.4 m) f/8 Cassegrain telescope.
Nearby observatories
Fuertes Observatory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
Hartung-Boothroyd Observatory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
Kopernik Space Education Center, Vestal, New York
See also
List of astronomical observatories
List of observatory codes
References
External links
Observatory news
Ithaca College physics department
Ithaca Clear Sky Clock Forecasts of observing conditions covering Ford Observatory.
Astronomical observatories in New York (state)
Ithaca College
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%20%28disambiguation%29
|
N is the fourteenth letter of the Latin alphabet.
N or n may also refer to:
Mathematics
, the set of natural numbers
N, the field norm
N for nullae, a rare Roman numeral for zero
n, the size of a statistical sample
Science
ATC code N Nervous system, a section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System
Haplogroup N (mtDNA), a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup N (Y-DNA), a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
N band, an atmospheric transmission window in the mid-infrared centred on 10 micrometres
N ray, a hypothesized form of radiation, found to be illusory
N., abbreviation of the Latin word nervus meaning nerve, used in anatomy, e.g. N. vagus
Quantities and units
N for Newton (unit), the SI derived unit of force
N or , a normal force in mechanics
Nitrogen, symbol N, a chemical element
N or Asn, the symbol for the common natural amino acid asparagine
N, the Normality (chemistry) or chemical concentration of a solution
N, the neutron number, the number of neutrons in a nuclide
N, in Brillouin zone, the center of a face of a body-centered cubic lattice
N, the physical quantity "rotation" in the International System of Quantities
n, for nano-, prefix in the SI system of units denoting a factor of 10−9
n, the optical refractive index of a material
n, the principal quantum number, the first of a set of quantum numbers of an atomic orbital
n, an electron density, the measure of the probability of an electron being present at a s
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary%E2%80%93secondary%20quality%20distinction
|
The primary–secondary quality distinction is a conceptual distinction in epistemology and metaphysics, concerning the nature of reality. It is most explicitly articulated by John Locke in his Essay concerning Human Understanding, but earlier thinkers such as Galileo and Descartes made similar distinctions.
Primary qualities are thought to be properties of objects that are independent of any observer, such as solidity, extension, motion, number and figure. These characteristics convey facts. They exist in the thing itself, can be determined with certainty, and do not rely on subjective judgments. For example, if an object is spherical, no one can reasonably argue that it is triangular. Primary qualities as mentioned earlier, exist outside of the observer. They inhere to an object in such a way that if the object was changed, e.g. divided (if the object is divisible; a sphere is not, since dividing a sphere would result in two non-spheres), the primary qualities would remain. When dividing a divisible object, “solidity, extension, figure, and mobility” would not be altered because the primary qualities are built into the object itself. Another key component of primary qualities is that they create ideas in our minds through experience; they represent the actual object. Because of this, primary qualities such as size, weight, solidity, motion, and so forth can all be measured in some form. Using an apple as an example, the shape and size can actually be measured and produce t
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GEKKO%20XII
|
The is a high-power, 12-beam, neodymium-doped glass laser at the Osaka University's Institute for Laser Engineering (大阪大学レーザーエネルギー学研究センター) completed in 1983, which is used for high energy density physics and inertial confinement fusion research. The name refers to the twelve individual beamlines used to amplify the laser energy.
Unlike most other modern ICF lasers, which are frequency tripled to the third harmonic, the GEKKO XII is only frequency doubled to 532 nm (green light). Compared to most Nd:glass laser ICF experiments, GEKKO is also quite small, with beamlines about 10 m long. The 12 beams of the GEKKO laser are capable of delivering about 10 kilojoules per 1–2 ns pulse (10–20 terawatts).
From 1996 to 1997 the GEKKO system was upgraded with a ~0.4 kJ, 0.5 PW ultra-short pulse beam which was used to investigate a promising new technique of ICF known as "fast ignition", where the compression phase of target implosion is decoupled from the heating phase. GEKKO, using the petawatt beam for heating, along with the original beams for compression, demonstrated a fusion yield enhancement of 3 orders of magnitude when the petawatt beam was used.
GEKKO is currently being upgraded with the addition of a second "side-by-side" laser, the LFEX (Laser for Fast Ignition Experiment), part of the FIREX-1 program, in order to deliver a 10 kJ pulse of energy to a target in 10 picoseconds, further exploring the fast ignition regime.
See also
List of laser types
References
Inertial
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunko%20Kanazawa
|
is a Japanese adult film actress, who was mostly active in the late 1990s and early 2000s. She has been called "one of the biggest AV idols in Japan".
Life and career
Debut—Cosmos Plan
Bunko Kanazawa was born April 4, 1979, in Kanagawa prefecture. She reports that as a child she was good at mathematics and science, but horrible in Japanese and English language studies. Her hobbies as an adult include cooking, snowboarding, and karaoke.
Kanazawa was introduced to the AV industry by a friend. Her stage name, given to her by her agency, is taken from Kanazawa Bunko, a train station, museum, and historic library in Kanagawa Prefecture, where she lived at the start of her career. Her stage name is sometimes shortened to "Kanabun", a nickname that she dislikes. Kanazawa made her AV (adult video) debut with the Media Station Cosmos Plan label in the August 1997 release 18 Years Old. Kanazawa's second video, Tough Adolescence, was a science-fiction sex drama released by the same label in September 1997. Speaking of videos such as this one, which required a degree of acting, Kanazawa commented that she does not consider herself a good actress. She says that she especially has difficulty with a leading role and with ad libbing. Obscene Model (August 1999) was another video in which Kanazawa had to use her acting abilities. She played the role of a race queen who seduces her sponsor and her cameraman. This video also included a scene in which the actress visits a man's home—an amateu
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CrystEngComm
|
CrystEngComm is a peer-reviewed online-only scientific journal publishing original research and review articles on all aspects of crystal engineering including properties, polymorphism, target materials, and crystalline nanomaterials. It is published biweekly by the Royal Society of Chemistry and the editor-in-chief is Pierangelo Metrangolo. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 3.756. CrystEngComm has a close association with the virtual web community, CrystEngCommunity.
History
CrystEngComm was one of the first online-only chemistry journals when it was established in 1999. Initially, articles were published online as soon as they were accepted and the journal did not publish articles in issues. However, in 2000 issues were introduced and the journal was published monthly. As submissions increased, the journal switched in 2011 to a biweekly publication. Authors can elect to have accepted articles published as open access.
The journal has been involved in the development of nomenclature for crystal engineering, which is gradually being adopted by researchers in the field.
Article types
CrystEngComm publishes the following types of articles: Research Papers (original scientific work), Communications (original work that merits urgent publication), and Highlights (short reviews of topics from the field of crystal engineering).
Citations
The five journals that cited CrystEngComm most often in 2009 are (in order of descending c
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraaminoethylene
|
In organic chemistry, tetraaminoethylene is a hypothetical, organic compound with formula or . Like all polyamines that are geminal, this compound has never been synthesised and is believed to be extremely unstable.
However, there are many stable compounds that can be viewed as derivatives of tetraaminoethylene, with various organic functional groups substituted for some or all hydrogen atoms. These compounds, which have the general formula , are collectively called tetraaminoethylenes.
Tetraaminoethylenes are important in organic chemistry as dimers of diaminocarbenes, a type of stable carbene with the general formula .
Reactions
Tetraaminoethylenes react with acids to give formamidinium salts.
Tetraaminoethylenes react with oxygen to give urea derivatives (R2N)2C=O. A notorious example is the spontaneous reaction of Tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene ((H3C)2N)2C=C(N(CH3)2)2 in air with emission of a green-blue light, which was used by downed US Navy pilots to signal for help in World War II.
References
Enamines
Hypothetical chemical compounds
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CrystEngCommunity
|
CrystEngCommunity is a virtual web community for people working in the field of crystal engineering. The website is owned by the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC).
CrystEngCommunity has links to the main international research groups working in crystal engineering; publishes occasional profiles (interviews) of crystal engineers; a conference diary that lists and links to international events in the field of crystal engineering; and a terminology wiki, CrystEngWiki, for crystal engineering.
Also on the community are links to research articles on crystal engineering including CrystEngSelects (a selection of recent articles of interest to crystal engineers from across the RSC journals Chemical Communications, CrystEngComm, Dalton Transactions, Journal of Materials Chemistry, New Journal of Chemistry and Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry); links to special CrystEngComm Discussion conference special issues; and links to past crystal engineering articles from the RSC Journals Archive.
Other useful links include downloadable wallpapers for PC desktops, book reviews and a compilation of useful weblinks for crystal engineers
The community has a particularly close association with the RSC's crystal engineering journal, CrystEngComm.
See also
CrystEngComm
Dalton Transactions
External links
CrystEngCommunity
CrystEngWiki
Royal Society of Chemistry
Crystal engineering
British science websites
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor%E2%80%93ligand%20kinetics
|
In biochemistry, receptor–ligand kinetics is a branch of chemical kinetics in which the kinetic species are defined by different non-covalent bindings and/or conformations of the molecules involved, which are denoted as receptor(s) and ligand(s). Receptor–ligand binding kinetics also involves the on- and off-rates of binding.
A main goal of receptor–ligand kinetics is to determine the concentrations of the various kinetic species (i.e., the states of the receptor and ligand) at all times, from a given set of initial concentrations and a given set of rate constants. In a few cases, an analytical solution of the rate equations may be determined, but this is relatively rare. However, most rate equations can be integrated numerically, or approximately, using the steady-state approximation. A less ambitious goal is to determine the final equilibrium concentrations of the kinetic species, which is adequate for the interpretation of equilibrium binding data.
A converse goal of receptor–ligand kinetics is to estimate the rate constants and/or dissociation constants of the receptors and ligands from experimental kinetic or equilibrium data. The total concentrations of receptor and ligands are sometimes varied systematically to estimate these constants.
Binding kinetics
The binding constant is a special case of the equilibrium constant . It is associated with the binding and unbinding reaction of receptor (R) and ligand (L) molecules, which is formalized as:
{R} + {L} <=> {RL
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogilbia%20suarezae
|
Ogilbia suarezae is a species of fish of the genus Ogilbia found in the shallows of the Caribbean Sea. It is yellowish in color and is livebearing.
Etymology
It was named in honor of Susan Suarez, a professor at Cornell University, in recognition of her careful study of the reproductive biology of the related fish Ogilbia cayorum.
References
Ogilbia suarezae Moller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen 2005, Aqua 10(4):194
External links
The Ithaca Journal
Cornell Chronicle
Bythitidae
Fish described in 2005
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20martingale
|
In mathematics, a local martingale is a type of stochastic process, satisfying the localized version of the martingale property. Every martingale is a local martingale; every bounded local martingale is a martingale; in particular, every local martingale that is bounded from below is a supermartingale, and every local martingale that is bounded from above is a submartingale; however, in general a local martingale is not a martingale, because its expectation can be distorted by large values of small probability. In particular, a driftless diffusion process is a local martingale, but not necessarily a martingale.
Local martingales are essential in stochastic analysis (see Itō calculus, semimartingale, and Girsanov theorem).
Definition
Let be a probability space; let be a filtration of ; let be an -adapted stochastic process on the set . Then is called an -local martingale if there exists a sequence of -stopping times such that
the are almost surely increasing: ;
the diverge almost surely: ;
the stopped process is an -martingale for every .
Examples
Example 1
Let Wt be the Wiener process and T = min{ t : Wt = −1 } the time of first hit of −1. The stopped process Wmin{ t, T } is a martingale; its expectation is 0 at all times, nevertheless its limit (as t → ∞) is equal to −1 almost surely (a kind of gambler's ruin). A time change leads to a process
The process is continuous almost surely; nevertheless, its expectation is discontinuous,
This process is not
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20K.%20Gunn
|
Stephen K. Gunn is Executive Co-Chairman and co-Founder of Sleep Country Canada Inc, which he co-founded with Christine Magee and Gordon Lownds. As of June 2013, the company has 201 stores across Canada and 43 stores in the US (Sleep America).
Early life
Gunn grew up in Montreal and Kingston. He completed an honours BSc in Electrical Engineering from Queen's University and an MBA from the Richard Ivey School of Business (1981).
Career
After university he joined McKinsey & Company as a Management Consultant (1981–1987). In 1987, he co-founded and was the President of Kenrick Capital, a private equity business. In October 1994, he co-founded Sleep Country Canada with Christine Magee and Gordon Lownds. He is currently on the board of directors for Dollarama, Cara Operations and Golf Town. He succeeded Larry Rossy as chairman of the board of directors of Dollarama on March 29, 2018.
Personal life
Gunn is married with a daughter and 3 sons. He enjoys golf, sailing and skiing.
Awards
1998- Financial Post named him and Christine Magee the Ontario Entrepreneur of the Year, Retail/Wholesale
2003- Inducted into the Canadian Retail Hall of Fame, Retail Council of Canada
2004- Inducted into the Canadian Marketing Hall of Legends
2006- Recipient of CIRAS Henry Singer Award for exceptional leadership in the retailing and services sectors
References
External links
Sleep Country Canada Plans Expansion into the U.S.
Steve Gunn Guest Speaker
1954 births
Living people
Queen's Unive
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei%20Kurdyumov
|
Sergey Pavlovich Kurdyumov (; November 18, 1928 – December 2, 2004) was a specialist in mathematical physics, mathematical modeling, plasma physics, complexity studies and synergetics from Moscow, Russia.
Kurdyumov graduated from the Moscow State University in 1957. Since 1953 he worked in the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics. He was also the Head of the Applied Mathematics Department in the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. Since 1984 he was a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
He was the author and co-author of more than 300 scientific works published in Russia and abroad, including about ten monographs. In 1969, he was the co-author of the scientific discovery of a new physical effect, "Effect of T-layer".
Theoretical works in the field of nuclear power engineering, laser thermonuclear fusion, laser thermochemistry were carried out by him in person and under his direction. Methods of exploration of laser thermonuclear targets by means of computational experiments were elaborated by Kurdyumov (together with academician RAS Alexander Samarskii. These methods laid the foundation for the conception of low-entropic compression of shell targets and substantiated this conception which is generally accepted nowadays all over the world.
Kurdyumov made an important contribution to the elaboration of fundamental problems of synergetics as well as to the theory of non-linear evolutionary equations. For quasi-linear equations of heat conducti
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Rosenberg
|
Alexander Rosenberg (who generally publishes as "Alex") is an American philosopher and novelist. He is the R. Taylor Cole Professor of Philosophy at Duke University, well known for contributions to philosophy of biology and philosophy of economics.
Rosenberg describes himself as a "naturalist".
Education and career
Rosenberg graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1963 (along with Bruce Bueno de Mesquita and Richard Axel) and from the City College of New York in 1967. He received his Ph.D. from the Johns Hopkins University in 1971. He has taught philosophy at Dalhousie University, Syracuse University, University of California, Riverside, University of Georgia and, since 2000, at Duke University. He has been a visiting professor at the University of Minnesota, the University of California, Santa Cruz, Oxford University, the Australian National University and Bristol University.
He was a Guggenheim fellow in 1981, an American Council of Learned Societies fellow in 1983, won the Lakatos Award in 1993 and was the National Phi Beta Kappa Romanell Lecturer in 2006.
Rosenberg is an atheist, and a metaphysical naturalist.
Philosophical work
Rosenberg's early work focused on the philosophy of social science and especially the philosophy of economics. His doctoral dissertation, published as Microeconomic Laws in 1976, was the first treatment of the nature of economics by a contemporary philosopher of science. Over the period of the next decade he became increasingly skeptical abo
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random%20energy%20model
|
In the statistical physics of disordered systems, the random energy model is a toy model of a system with quenched disorder, such as a spin glass, having a first-order phase transition. It concerns the statistics of a collection of spins (i.e. degrees of freedom that can take one of two possible values ) so that the number of possible states for the system is . The energies of such states are independent and identically distributed Gaussian random variables with zero mean and a variance of . Many properties of this model can be computed exactly. Its simplicity makes this model suitable for pedagogical introduction of concepts like quenched disorder and replica symmetry.
Comparison with other disordered systems
The -spin infinite-range model, in which all -spin sets interact with a random, independent, identically distributed interaction constant, becomes the random energy model in a suitably defined limit.
More precisely, if the Hamiltonian of the model is defined by
where the sum runs over all distinct sets of indices, and, for each such set, , is an independent Gaussian variable of mean 0 and variance , the Random-Energy model is recovered in the limit.
Derivation of thermodynamical quantities
As its name suggests, in the REM each microscopic state has an independent distribution of energy. For a particular realization of the disorder, where refers to the individual spin configurations described by the state and is the energy associated with it. The final
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura%20Danly
|
Laura Danly (born July 7, 1958) is an American astronomer and academic who served as Curator of the Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles. She has also served as chair of the Department of Space Sciences at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science.
Education
Danly earned a B.A. in Physics from Yale University, and a Ph.D. in Astronomy from the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
Career
Danly has held academic posts at the University of Denver (where she served as assistant professor), and at Pomona College (where she served as visiting assistant professor). In these positions, she developed curricula focusing on astronomy, archaeoastronomy, solar physics, astrophotography and astrobiology.
Danly spent several years at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland, where she held a variety of positions including project scientist for education, assistant astronomer and Hubble Fellow. In addition, Danly conducted post-doctoral research at the STScI.
As an astronomer, Danly has extensive observational experience, including some 441 hours of ultraviolet observation (much of it via the Hubble Space Telescope). Danly has also completed hundreds of hours of optical and radio observation at such facilities as Kitt Peak National Observatory, McDonald Observatory, Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory.
In 1991, Danly founded the Women's Science Forum to encourage young women to pursue careers in science by providing oppo
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy%20Okello
|
Dorothy Okello is a Ugandan electrical engineer, and professor known for founding the Women of Uganda Network or WOUGNET. In 2016, she became the first female president of the Uganda Institution of Professional Engineers
Education
She has a BSc in Electrical Engineering from Makerere University, Uganda, obtained in 1992, an M.S. in Electrical Engineering (1999) from the University of Kansas where she was a Fulbright Scholar, and a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering (2004) from McGill University in Montreal, Canada (where she received a Commonwealth Scholarship). She has worked to get more women and rural communities engaged in the information society.
Career
She is currently the Dean School of Engineering at Makerere University. She is Africa's first-ever Digital Woman of the Year, an honour bestowed upon her at an Africa ICT Days gala ceremony for the Digital Woman Award finalists that took place on 16 November in Yaoundé, Cameroon.
In October 2012, Okello was awarded the Women Achievers Award for her service in empowering women and girls through Science and Technology.
Okello was elected as the first female president of the Uganda Institution of Professional Engineers at the institution AGM on 29 April 2016. On 2 June 2016 a congratulatory letter from the Irish President Michael D. Higgins was presented to her by the Irish Ambassador to Uganda Dónal Cronin on becoming the first female president of the institution.
Academic authorship
She is highly respected researcher an
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stopped%20process
|
In mathematics, a stopped process is a stochastic process that is forced to assume the same value after a prescribed (possibly random) time.
Definition
Let
be a probability space;
be a measurable space;
be a stochastic process;
be a stopping time with respect to some filtration of .
Then the stopped process is defined for and by
Examples
Gambling
Consider a gambler playing roulette. Xt denotes the gambler's total holdings in the casino at time t ≥ 0, which may or may not be allowed to be negative, depending on whether or not the casino offers credit. Let Yt denote what the gambler's holdings would be if he/she could obtain unlimited credit (so Y can attain negative values).
Stopping at a deterministic time: suppose that the casino is prepared to lend the gambler unlimited credit, and that the gambler resolves to leave the game at a predetermined time T, regardless of the state of play. Then X is really the stopped process YT, since the gambler's account remains in the same state after leaving the game as it was in at the moment that the gambler left the game.
Stopping at a random time: suppose that the gambler has no other sources of revenue, and that the casino will not extend its customers credit. The gambler resolves to play until and unless he/she goes broke. Then the random time
is a stopping time for Y, and, since the gambler cannot continue to play after he/she has exhausted his/her resources, X is the stopped process Yτ.
Brownian motion
Let be
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Stebbins
|
Michael Stebbins is an American geneticist and former Vice President of Science and Technology at the Laura and John Arnold Foundation. He previously served as Assistant Director for Biotechnology, at the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy.
Education
He received his B.S. in biology from the State University of New York at Stony Brook, and his Ph.D. in genetics while working at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, where he constructed genetic systems to artificially control gene expression in the brain.
Career
Stebbins is a member of the National Academies of Science, Board on Research Data and Information. He serves on the Board of Directors for the Value in Cancer Care Consortium that aims to improve access, affordability, and value of cancer therapies and Vivli, whose mission is to "Promote, coordinate, and facilitate clinical research data sharing through the creation and implementation of a sustainable global data-sharing enterprise."
He is the former President of the SEA Action Fund, a partner organization to Scientists and Engineers for America and co-founded and 'served on the Board of Scientists and Engineers for America (SEA), an organization that focused on promoting sound science in government. He is the former Director of Biology Policy for the Federation of American Scientists (FAS), where he worked on control of biological weapons, preparedness for biological, nuclear, and chemical weapons attacks, and the responsible use of science and technology.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20A.%20Brock
|
William Allen "Buz" Brock (born October 23, 1941) is a mathematical economist and a professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison since 1975. He is known for his application of a branch of mathematics known as chaos theory to economic theory and econometrics. In 1998, he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in the Economics Section.
In a 1972 paper, co-authored with Leonard Mirman, Brock provided the first stochastic version of the neoclassical growth model, thereby paving the way for later developments such as real business cycle theory and DSGE models.
Selected publications
Papers
"Robust Control and Hot Spots in Dynamic Spatially Interconnected Systems".Brock/Xepapadeas August 15, 2010 paper
"The Emergence of Optimal Agglomeration in Dynamic Economics".Brock/Xepapadeas Oct. 16, 2009 paper
"A General Test for Nonlinear Granger Causality: Bivariate Model" Baek/Brock paper
Books
"Growth Theory, Nonlinear Dynamics and Economic Modelling: Scientific Essays of William Allen Brock". 2001
References
External links
William Allen Brock: Distinguished Fellow 2004 (bio from American Economic Association)
1941 births
Living people
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
20th-century American economists
21st-century American economists
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of Missouri alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
Fellows of the Econometric Society
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Distinguished
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20Kauffman
|
Louis Hirsch Kauffman (born February 3, 1945) is an American mathematician, mathematical physicist, and professor of mathematics in the Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer science at the University of Illinois at Chicago. He does research in topology, knot theory, topological quantum field theory, quantum information theory, and diagrammatic and categorical mathematics. He is best known for the introduction and development of the bracket polynomial and the Kauffman polynomial.
Biography
Kauffman was valedictorian of his graduating class at Norwood Norfolk Central High School in 1962. He received his B.S. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1966 and his Ph.D. in mathematics from Princeton University in 1972 (with William Browder as thesis advisor).
Kauffman has worked at many places as a visiting professor and researcher, including the University of Zaragoza in Spain, the University of Iowa in Iowa City, the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques in Bures Sur Yevette, France, the Institut Henri Poincaré in Paris, France, the University of Bologna, Italy, the Federal University of Pernambuco in Recife, Brazil, and the Newton Institute in Cambridge England.
He is the founding editor and one of the managing editors of the Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications, and editor of the World Scientific Book Series On Knots and Everything. He writes a column entitled Virtual Logic for the journal Cybernetics and Human Knowing
From 2005 to 2008 he
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explant%20culture
|
In biology, explant culture is a technique to organotypically culture cells from a piece or pieces of tissue or organ removed from a plant or animal. The term explant can be applied to samples obtained from any part of the organism. The extraction process is extensively sterilized, and the culture can be typically used for two to three weeks.
The major advantage of explant culture is the maintenance of near in vivo environment in the laboratory for a short duration of time. This experimental setup allows investigators to perform experiments and easily visualize the impact of tests.
This ex vivo model requires a highly maintained environment in order to recreate original cellular conditions. The composition of extracellular matrix, for example, must be precisely similar to that of in vivo conditions in order to induce naturally observed behaviors of cells. The growth medium also must be considered, as different solutions may be needed for different experiments.
The tissue must be placed and harvested in an aseptic environment such as sterile laminar flow tissue culture hood. The samples are often minced, and the pieces are placed in a cell culture dish containing growth media. Over time, progenitor cells migrate out of the tissue onto the surface of the dish. These primary cells can then be further expanded and transferred into fresh dishes through micropropagation.
Explant culture can also refer to the culturing of the tissue pieces themselves, where cells are left in the
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von%20Zeipel%20theorem
|
In astrophysics, the von Zeipel theorem states that the radiative flux in a uniformly rotating star is proportional to the local effective gravity . The theorem is named after Swedish astronomer Edvard Hugo von Zeipel.
The theorem is:
where the luminosity and mass are evaluated on a surface of constant pressure . The effective temperature can then be found at a given colatitude from the local effective gravity:
This relation ignores the effect of convection in the envelope, so it primarily applies to early-type stars.
According to the theory of rotating stars, if the rotational velocity of a star depends only on the radius, it cannot simultaneously be in thermal and hydrostatic equilibrium. This is called the von Zeipel paradox. The paradox is resolved, however, if the rotational velocity also depends on height, or there is a meridional circulation. A similar situation may arise in accretion disks.
References
Stellar astronomy
Equations of astronomy
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecilia%20Galloway
|
Cecilia Galloway has been a headmistress in England and Northern Ireland and was a school adjudicator appointed by the Office of the Schools Adjudicator. Born in 1955, she studied chemistry at Leeds University. Later gaining an MSc degree at Reading University, she was accepted as a Fellow by the Royal Society of Chemistry and given Chartered Chemist status. She has a law degree from Buckingham University.
Entering the teaching profession in 1978 at the Wolverhampton Grammar School for Boys, she taught chemistry for the early part of her career, moving on into school management. Joining the Royal Latin School as their first female headteacher in 1992, she developed the school from 700 pupils to its current 1200.
In 1999 she was described as providing "inspirational leadership" at the Royal Latin School by John Bercow MP, in the House of Commons.
In 2000, she was awarded for "Contribution to School Leadership in a Secondary School". An Ofsted Inspector herself, Ofsted praised her leadership, saying: "The leadership and management of the school are particularly efficient with the vision and drive of the headteacher outstanding"." Under her guidance the school obtained Investors in People status, gained a Silver Artsmark award, and was designated a Specialist school in Science.
In 2006 Galloway once again took the title of first female head teacher, this time at Methodist College Belfast. Taking her "democratic", "transparent" and "straight-talking" leadership style with he
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20L.%20Lambert
|
Frank L. Lambert (July 10, 1918 – December 28, 2018) was an American academic who was Professor Emeritus of Chemistry at Occidental College, Los Angeles. He is known for his advocacy of changing the definition of thermodynamic entropy as "disorder" in US general chemistry texts to its replacement by viewing entropy as a measure of energy dispersal. He died in December 2018 at the age of 100.
Teaching career
Lambert graduated with honors from Harvard University with an AB, and received his doctorate (PhD) from the University of Chicago. After serving in the US Army in WWII and working briefly in industrial research and development, Lambert joined the faculty of Occidental College, teaching from 1948 to 1981.
Lambert's primary concern was teaching. He advocated the abandonment of the standard lecture system, opting instead for a system more akin to a partnership with his students. Additionally, his research in the synthesis and polarography of organic halogen compounds was designed for undergraduate collaboration and all but one of his articles were published with student co-authors.
After retiring from teaching in 1981, Lambert as a Professor emeritus, became the scientific advisor to the J. Paul Getty Museum, and then the principal Aide to the Scientific Research Director when the Getty Conservation Institute was established.
Technical writings
Lambert is known for his work on the energy dispersal model of entropy, publishing articles in the American Chemical Society's Jo
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieve%20analysis
|
A sieve analysis (or gradation test) is a practice or procedure used in civil engineering and chemical engineering to assess the particle size distribution (also called gradation) of a granular material by allowing the material to pass through a series of sieves of progressively smaller mesh size and weighing the amount of material that is stopped by each sieve as a fraction of the whole mass.
The size distribution is often of critical importance to the way the material performs in use. A sieve analysis can be performed on any type of non-organic or organic granular materials including sand, crushed rock, clay, granite, feldspar, coal, soil, a wide range of manufactured powder, grain and seeds, down to a minimum size depending on the exact method. Being such a simple technique of particle sizing, it is probably the most common.
Procedure
A gradation test is performed on a sample of aggregate in a laboratory. A typical sieve analysis uses a column of sieves with wire mesh screens of graded mesh size.
A representative weighed sample is poured into the top sieve which has the largest screen openings. Each lower sieve in the column has smaller openings than the one above. At the base is a pan, called the receiver.
The column is typically placed in a mechanical shaker, which shakes the column, usually for a set period, to facilitate exposing all of the material to the screen openings so that particles small enough to fit through the holes can fall through to the next layer.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20sensitivity
|
Air sensitivity is a term used, particularly in chemistry, to denote the reactivity of chemical compounds with some constituent of air. Most often, reactions occur with atmospheric oxygen (O2) or water vapor (H2O), although reactions with the other constituents of air such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogen (N2) are also possible.
Method
A variety of air-free techniques have been developed to handle air-sensitive compounds. Two main types of equipment are gloveboxes and Schlenk lines. Glove boxes are sealed cabinets filled with an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen. Normal laboratory equipment can be set up in the glovebox, and manipulated by the use of gloves that penetrate its walls. The atmosphere can be regulated to approximately atmospheric pressure and set to be pure nitrogen or other gas with which the chemicals will not react. Chemicals and equipment can be transferred in and out via an airlock.
A Schlenk line is a vacuum and inert-gas dual-manifold that allows glassware to be evacuated and refilled with inert gas specially developed to work with air sensitive compounds. It is connected with a cold trap to prevent vapors from contaminating a rotary vane pump. The technique is modified from the double-tipped needle technique. These methods allow working in totally controlled and isolated environment.
Air-sensitive compounds
Air-sensitive compounds are substances that would react, explode or oxidise with air, such as organometallic compo
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric%20thermal%20analysis
|
Dielectric thermal analysis (DETA), or dielectric analysis (DEA), is a materials science technique similar to dynamic mechanical analysis except that an oscillating electrical field is used instead of a mechanical force. For investigation of the curing behavior of thermosetting resin systems, composite materials, adhesives and paints, Dielectric Analysis (DEA) can be used in accordance with ASTM E 2038 or E 2039. The great advantage of DEA is that it can be employed not only on a laboratory scale, but also in process.
Measuring principle
In a typical test, the sample is placed in contact with two electrodes (the dielectric sensor) and a sinusoidal voltage (the excitation) is applied to one electrode. The resulting sinusoidal current (the response) is measured at the second electrode. The response signal is attenuated in amplitude and shifted in phase in relation to the mobility of the ions and alignment of the dipoles. Dipoles in the material will attempt to align with the electric field and ions (present as impurities) will move toward the electrode of opposite polarity. The dielectric properties of permittivity ε' and loss factor ε" are then calculated from this measured amplitude and phase change.
References
Materials science
Scientific techniques
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine%20Academy%20of%20Technology%20and%20Environmental%20Science
|
The Marine Academy of Technology and Environmental Science (MATES) is a comprehensive, selective magnet public high school with a focus on marine and environmental science that is part of the Ocean County Vocational School District. The school is located in the Manahawkin section of Stafford Township, in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States directly behind the buildings of the Southern Regional School District and a joint parking lot with Ocean County College's Southern Education Center. As a public school, students attend the school at no charge. Prospective students must complete the application process which includes an entrance exam. The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Elementary and Secondary Schools since 2005.
As of the 2021–22 school year, the school had an enrollment of 274 students and 22.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.5:1. There were 10 students (3.6% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 2 (0.7% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch.
The school's stated mission is to provide an opportunity to students in Ocean County to become intimate thinkers and problem solvers. Students of the academy participate in a rigorous curriculum with a focus on marine and environmental science. MATES emphasizes skills important to post-secondary study and employment in a global community. The school focuses on students who wish to concentrate in the areas of ma
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20R.%20Heim
|
Michael R. Heim is an American author and educator. Known as "the philosopher of cyberspace", Heim's three scholarly books - Electric Language: A Philosophical Study of Word Processing (Yale University Press, 1986), The Metaphysics of Virtual Reality (Oxford University Press, 1993), and Virtual Realism (Oxford University Press, 1998) - have been translated into Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. He taught at Missouri Western University in the 1980s, was an online lecturer for Connected Education in the mid-1980s, and taught at the Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, California, 1995–2002. Heim is currently a lecturer at the University of California, Irvine.
External links
References
1944 births
American male non-fiction writers
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Missouri Western State University faculty
University of California, Irvine faculty
Heidegger scholars
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarity%20in%20embryogenesis
|
In developmental biology, an embryo is divided into two hemispheres: the animal pole and the vegetal pole within a blastula. The animal pole consists of small cells that divide rapidly, in contrast with the vegetal pole below it. In some cases, the animal pole is thought to differentiate into the later embryo itself, forming the three primary germ layers and participating in gastrulation.
The vegetal pole contains large yolky cells that divide very slowly, in contrast with the animal pole above it. In some cases, the vegetal pole is thought to differentiate into the extraembryonic membranes that protect and nourish the developing embryo, such as the placenta in mammals and the chorion in birds.
In amphibians, the development of the animal-vegetal axis occurs prior to fertilization. Sperm entry can occur anywhere in the animal hemisphere. The point of sperm entry defines the dorso-ventral axis - cells opposite the region of sperm entry will eventually form the dorsal portion of the body.
In the frog Xenopus laevis, the animal pole is heavily pigmented while the vegetal pole remains unpigmented. A pigment pattern provides the oocyte with features of a radially symmetrical body with a distinct polarity. The animal hemisphere is dark brown, and the vegetal hemisphere is only weakly pigmented. The axis of symmetry passes through on one side the animal pole, and on the other side the vegetal pole. The two hemispheres are separated by an unpigmented equatorial belt. Polarity
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excitable
|
Excitable may refer to:
a song on the 1987 Def Leppard album Hysteria
a hit song by the British band Amazulu
a cell that can respond to stimuli
See also
Excitable medium (mathematics / system analysis)
Cell excitability (biology)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical%20linear%20algebra
|
Numerical linear algebra, sometimes called applied linear algebra, is the study of how matrix operations can be used to create computer algorithms which efficiently and accurately provide approximate answers to questions in continuous mathematics. It is a subfield of numerical analysis, and a type of linear algebra. Computers use floating-point arithmetic and cannot exactly represent irrational data, so when a computer algorithm is applied to a matrix of data, it can sometimes increase the difference between a number stored in the computer and the true number that it is an approximation of. Numerical linear algebra uses properties of vectors and matrices to develop computer algorithms that minimize the error introduced by the computer, and is also concerned with ensuring that the algorithm is as efficient as possible.
Numerical linear algebra aims to solve problems of continuous mathematics using finite precision computers, so its applications to the natural and social sciences are as vast as the applications of continuous mathematics. It is often a fundamental part of engineering and computational science problems, such as image and signal processing, telecommunication, computational finance, materials science simulations, structural biology, data mining, bioinformatics, and fluid dynamics. Matrix methods are particularly used in finite difference methods, finite element methods, and the modeling of differential equations. Noting the broad applications of numerical linear a
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern%20recognition%20%28psychology%29
|
In psychology and cognitive neuroscience, pattern recognition describes a cognitive process that matches information from a stimulus with information retrieved from memory.
Pattern recognition occurs when information from the environment is received and entered into short-term memory, causing automatic activation of a specific content of long-term memory. An early example of this is learning the alphabet in order. When a carer repeats ‘A, B, C’ multiple times to a child, utilizing the pattern recognition, the child says ‘C’ after they hear ‘A, B’ in order. Recognizing patterns allows us to predict and expect what is coming. The process of pattern recognition involves matching the information received with the information already stored in the brain. Making the connection between memories and information perceived is a step of pattern recognition called identification. Pattern recognition requires repetition of experience. Semantic memory, which is used implicitly and subconsciously, is the main type of memory involved with recognition.
Pattern recognition is not only crucial to humans, but to other animals as well. Even koalas, who possess less-developed thinking abilities, use pattern recognition to find and consume eucalyptus leaves. The human brain has developed more, but holds similarities to the brains of birds and lower mammals. The development of neural networks in the outer layer of the brain in humans has allowed for better processing of visual and auditory patter
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure%20switch
|
A pressure switch is a form of switch that operates an electrical contact when a certain set fluid pressure has been reached on its input. The switch may be designed to make contact either on pressure rise or on pressure fall. Pressure switches are widely used in industry to automatically supervise and control systems that use pressurized fluids.
Another type of pressure switch detects mechanical force; for example, a pressure-sensitive mat is used to automatically open doors on commercial buildings. Such sensors are also used in security alarm applications such as pressure sensitive floors.
Construction and types
A pressure switch for sensing fluid pressure contains a capsule, bellows, Bourdon tube, diaphragm or piston element that deforms or displaces proportionally to the applied pressure. The resulting motion is applied, either directly or through amplifying levers, to a set of switch contacts. Since pressure may be changing slowly and contacts should operate quickly, some kind of over-center mechanism such as a miniature snap-action switch is used to ensure quick operation of the contacts. One sensitive type of pressure switch uses mercury switches mounted on a Bourdon tube; the shifting weight of the mercury provides a useful over-center characteristic.
The pressure switch may be adjustable, by moving the contacts or adjusting tension in a counterbalance spring. Industrial pressure switches may have a calibrated scale and pointer to show the set point of the switc
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel%20Lebowitz
|
Joel Louis Lebowitz (born May 10, 1930) is a mathematical physicist widely acknowledged for his outstanding contributions to statistical physics, statistical mechanics and many other fields of Mathematics and Physics.
Lebowitz has published more than five hundred papers concerning statistical physics and science in general, and he is one of the founders and editors of the Journal of Statistical Physics, one of the most important peer-reviewed journals concerning scientific research in this area. He has been president of the New York Academy of Sciences.
Lebowitz is the George William Hill Professor of Mathematics and Physics at Rutgers University. He is also an active member of the human rights community and a long-term co-chair of the Committee of Concerned Scientists.
Biography
Lebowitz was born in Taceva, then in Czechoslovakia, now Ukraine, in 1930 into a Jewish family. During World War II he was deported with his family to Auschwitz, where his father, his mother, and his younger sister were killed in 1944. After being liberated from the camp, he moved to United States by boat, and he studied in an Orthodox Jewish school and Brooklyn College. He earned his PhD at Syracuse University in 1956 under the supervision of Peter G. Bergmann. Then he continued his research with Lars Onsager, at Yale University, where he got a faculty position. He moved to the Stevens Institute of Technology in 1957 and to the Belfer Graduate School of Science of Yeshiva University in 1959. Fi
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSIRO%20Publishing
|
CSIRO Publishing is an Australian-based science and technology publisher. It publishes books, journals and magazines across a range of scientific disciplines, including agriculture, chemistry, plant and animal sciences, natural history and environmental management. It also produces interactive learning modules for primary school students and provides writing workshops for researchers.
CSIRO Publishing operates within the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). It was established as a stand-alone business unit in 1995.
Books
CSIRO Publishing publishes books in a number of categories, including:
Animals: behaviour; birds; domesticated; ecology and management; field guides; fish; genetics and evolution; health and welfare; invasive; invertebrates; mammals and marsupials; reproduction and physiology; reptiles and amphibians; and wildlife.
Built Environment: architecture; building; codes and standards; engineering; landscape architecture; and planning and design.
Food and Agriculture: agribusiness; agroforestry; aquaculture; crops and pastures; farm management; food and beverages; landcare; livestock codes; livestock management; sustainability; viticulture; and weeds, pests and diseases.
Gardening and Horticulture: fruit, vegetables and flowers; horticulture; native plants and gardens; sustainability; techniques and design; and trees, shrubs and grasses.
Health: environmental health; general health; and nutrition.
Marine and Freshwater: coa
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial%20control%20system
|
An industrial control system (ICS) is an electronic control system and associated instrumentation used for industrial process control. Control systems can range in size from a few modular panel-mounted controllers to large interconnected and interactive distributed control systems (DCSs) with many thousands of field connections. Control systems receive data from remote sensors measuring process variables (PVs), compare the collected data with desired setpoints (SPs), and derive command functions that are used to control a process through the final control elements (FCEs), such as control valves.
Larger systems are usually implemented by supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, or DCSs, and programmable logic controllers (PLCs), though SCADA and PLC systems are scalable down to small systems with few control loops. Such systems are extensively used in industries such as chemical processing, pulp and paper manufacture, power generation, oil and gas processing, and telecommunications.
Discrete controllers
The simplest control systems are based around small discrete controllers with a single control loop each. These are usually panel mounted which allows direct viewing of the front panel and provides means of manual intervention by the operator, either to manually control the process or to change control setpoints. Originally these would be pneumatic controllers, a few of which are still in use, but nearly all are now electronic.
Quite complex systems can be
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Butler%20%28computer%20scientist%29
|
Michael J. Butler is an Irish computer scientist. As of 2022, he is professor of computer science and Dean of the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences at the University of Southampton, England.
Biography
Butler was born in Ireland. He received his bachelor's degree in computer science from Trinity College, Dublin in 1988. He then took an MSc (1989) and DPhil (1992) at the Programming Research Group of the University of Oxford, working in the area of communicating sequential processes. He then worked for Broadcom in Dublin and at Åbo Akademi University in Turku, Finland with Ralph-Johan Back on refinement calculus. He joined the University of Southampton in 1995 as a lecturer, rising to reader in 2000 and then professor in the same year. He led the Dependable Systems & Software Engineering group at the School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton (inactive as of 2022).
His main research is in the area of the B-Method (originated by J.-R. Abrial), especially tool support such as ProB (advanced model checking for B which allows for the simulation of Event-B machines in the Rodin/Eclipse platform), U2B (UML and B), csp2B (CSP and B), and the RODIN toolset for Event-B.
References
External links
Home page
Official university web page
Google Scholar profile
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
British computer scientists
Irish computer scientists
Formal methods people
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Alumni of Wolfson College,
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques%20Bouveresse
|
Jacques Bouveresse (; 20 August 1940 – 9 May 2021) was a French philosopher who wrote on subjects including Ludwig Wittgenstein, Robert Musil, Karl Kraus, philosophy of science, epistemology, philosophy of mathematics and analytical philosophy. Bouveresse was called "an avis rara among the better known French philosophers in his championing of critical standards of thought."
He was Professor Emeritus at the Collège de France where until 2010 he held the chair of philosophy of language and epistemology. His disciple Claudine Tiercelin was appointed to a chair of metaphysics and philosophy of knowledge upon his retirement.
Education and career
Born on 20 August 1940 in Épenoy in the Doubs département of France into a farming family, Jacques Bouveresse completed his secondary education at the seminary of Besançon. He spent two years of preparation for the baccalauréat in philosophy and scholastic theology at Faverney in Haute-Saône. He followed his preparatory literary classes at the Lycée Lakanal in Sceaux, and in 1961 entered the École Normale Supérieure in Paris.
He presented his doctoral thesis in philosophy on Wittgenstein, entitled "Le mythe de l'intériorité. Expérience, signification et langage privé chez Wittgenstein".
Beginning with his earliest works, he consistently constructed his own philosophical and intellectual path, without following the normal routes and modes of academia. In 1976, Wittgenstein was practically unknown in France, as were Musil and the logic
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic%20function%20%28convex%20analysis%29
|
In the field of mathematics known as convex analysis, the characteristic function of a set is a convex function that indicates the membership (or non-membership) of a given element in that set. It is similar to the usual indicator function, and one can freely convert between the two, but the characteristic function as defined below is better-suited to the methods of convex analysis.
Definition
Let be a set, and let be a subset of . The characteristic function of is the function
taking values in the extended real number line defined by
Relationship with the indicator function
Let denote the usual indicator function:
If one adopts the conventions that
for any , and , except ;
; and
;
then the indicator and characteristic functions are related by the equations
and
Subgradient
The subgradient of for a set is the tangent cone of that set in .
Bibliography
Convex analysis
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spandrel%20%28biology%29
|
In evolutionary biology, a spandrel is a phenotypic trait that is a byproduct of the evolution of some other characteristic, rather than a direct product of adaptive selection. Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin brought the term into biology in their 1979 paper "The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme". Adaptationism is a point of view that sees most organismal traits as adaptive products of natural selection. Gould and Lewontin sought to temper what they saw as adaptationist bias by promoting a more structuralist view of evolution.
The term "spandrel" originates from architecture, where it refers to the roughly triangular spaces between the top of an arch and the ceiling.
Etymology
The term was coined by paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould and population geneticist Richard Lewontin in their paper "The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme" (1979). Evolutionary biologist Günter P. Wagner called the paper "the most influential structuralist manifesto".
In their paper, Gould and Lewontin employed the analogy of spandrels in Renaissance architecture, such as the curved areas of masonry between arches supporting a dome that arise as a consequence of decisions about the shape of the arches and the base of the dome, rather than being designed for the artistic purposes for which they were often employed. The authors singled out properties like the necessary number
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory%20marker%20protein
|
In molecular biology, olfactory marker protein is a protein involved in signal transduction.
It is a highly expressed, cytoplasmic protein found in mature olfactory sensory receptor neurons of all vertebrates. OMP is a modulator of the olfactory signal transduction cascade. The crystal structure of OMP reveals a beta sandwich consisting of eight strands in two sheets with a jelly-roll topology. Three highly conserved regions have been identified as possible protein–protein interaction sites in OMP, indicating a possible role for OMP in modulating such interactions, thereby acting as a molecular switch.
External links
References
Protein families
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tob%C3%ADas%20Lasser
|
Tobías Lasser CBE (May 24, 1911 – May 25, 2006), was a recognized Venezuelan botanist, being a fundamental pillar in the creation of the Botanical Garden of Caracas, the School of Biology and the Faculty of Sciences of the Central University of Venezuela. He was born in Agua Larga, Falcón State, Venezuela.
He was honoured in 1960, when botanist Richard William George Dennis published Lasseria, which is a genus of fungi in the Helotiales order.
Publications
LASSER, TOBÍAS. 1945: “Exploraciones botánicas en el Estado Mérida”. Impresores Unidos. Caracas – Venezuela.
LASSER, TOBÍAS. 1954: “Apuntes sobre la vida y obra de Henri Pittier”. Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales. 13(76):1–5.
LASSER, TOBÍAS. 1954: “Clave analítica de las familias de las traqueófitas de Venezuela”. Tipografia Americana. Caracas – Venezuela (también publicado en Boletín de la Academia de Ciencias Física Matemáticas y Naturales Nº 48. Caracas – Venezuela).
LASSER, TOBÍAS. 1955: “Nuestro destino frente a nuestra naturaleza”. Biblioteca de cultural rural. Colección Recursos Naturales Renovables. Ministerio de Agricultura y Cría. Caracas – Venezuela.
LASSER, TOBÍAS. 1967: “Información personal acerca del A. dubius a la Sra. Irma De Sola Ricardo”. En: Contribución al estudio de los planos de Caracas. Caracas – Venezuela.
LASSER, TOBÍAS. 1970: “Materia prima”. Graficas Continente. Caracas – Venezuela.
LASSER, TOBÍAS. 1971: “Los viajeros científicos en Venezuela”. Boletín de la As
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homology%20manifold
|
In mathematics, a homology manifold (or generalized manifold)
is a locally compact topological space X that looks locally like a topological manifold from the point of view of homology theory.
Definition
A homology G-manifold (without boundary) of dimension n over an abelian group G of coefficients is a locally compact topological space X with finite G-cohomological dimension such that for any x∈X, the homology groups
are trivial unless p=n, in which case they are isomorphic to G. Here H is some homology theory, usually singular homology. Homology manifolds are the same as homology Z-manifolds.
More generally, one can define homology manifolds with boundary, by allowing the local homology groups to vanish
at some points, which are of course called the boundary of the homology manifold. The boundary of an n-dimensional first-countable homology manifold is an n−1 dimensional homology manifold (without boundary).
Examples
Any topological manifold is a homology manifold.
An example of a homology manifold that is not a manifold is the suspension of a homology sphere that is not a sphere.
Properties
If X×Y is a topological manifold, then X and Y are homology manifolds.
References
W. J .R. Mitchell, "Defining the boundary of a homology manifold", Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, Vol. 110, No. 2. (Oct., 1990), pp. 509-513.
Algebraic topology
Generalized manifolds
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society%20for%20Behavioral%20Neuroendocrinology
|
The Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology is an interdisciplinary scientific organization dedicated to the study of hormonal processes and neuroendocrine systems that regulate behavior.
Publications
SBN publishes the scientific journal Hormones and Behavior.
External links
Neuroscience organizations
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armored%20Combat%20Engineer%20Robot
|
The Armored Combat Engineer Robot (ACER) is a military robot created by Mesa Robotics. Roughly the size of a small bulldozer and weighing 2.25 tons, ACER is among the larger military robots. ACER is able to reach speeds of 6.3 mph, using treads for movement. Uses for this robot include clearing obstacles, removing explosives, hauling cargo and disabled vehicles, and serving as a platform for various other tasks, such as clearing buildings and disarming landmines and lasermines.
See also
PackBot
Gladiator Tactical Unmanned Ground Vehicle
References
How stuff works
External links
Unmanned ground combat vehicles
Robots of the United States
Tracked robots
2003 robots
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert%20%28particle%20physics%29
|
In the Grand Unified Theory of particle physics (GUT), the desert refers to a theorized gap in energy scales, between approximately the electroweak energy scale–conventionally defined as roughly the vacuum expectation value or VeV of the Higgs field (about 246 GeV)–and the GUT scale, in which no unknown interactions appear.
It can also be described as a gap in the lengths involved, with no new physics below 10−18 m (the currently probed length scale) and above 10−31 m (the GUT length scale).
The idea of the desert was motivated by the observation of approximate, order of magnitude, gauge coupling unification at the GUT scale. When the values of the gauge coupling constants of the weak nuclear, strong nuclear, and electromagnetic forces are plotted as a function of energy, the 3 values appear to nearly converge to a common single value at very high energies. This was one theoretical motivation for Grand Unified Theories themselves, and adding new interactions at any intermediate energy scale generally disrupts this gauge coupling unification. The disruption arises from the new quantum fields- the new forces and particles- which introduce new coupling constants and new interactions that modify the existing Standard Model coupling constants at higher energies. The fact that the convergence in the Standard Model is actually inexact, however, is one of the key theoretical arguments against the Desert, since making the unification exact requires new physics below the GUT scale.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Weinstein
|
Alan David Weinstein (17 June 1943, New York City) is a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley, working in the field of differential geometry, and especially in Poisson geometry.
Education and career
After attending Roslyn High School, Weinstein obtained a bachelor's degree at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1964. His teachers included, among others, James Munkres, Gian-Carlo Rota, Irving Segal, and, for the first senior course of differential geometry, Sigurður Helgason.
He received a PhD at University of California, Berkeley in 1967 under the direction of Shiing-Shen Chern. His dissertation was entitled "The cut locus and conjugate locus of a Riemannian manifold".
He worked then at MIT on 1967 (as Moore instructor) and at Bonn University in 1968/69. In 1969 he returned to Berkeley as assistant professor and from 1976 he is full professor. During 1975/76 he visited IHES in Paris and during 1978/79 he was visiting professor at Rice University.
Weinstein was awarded in 1971 a Sloan Research Fellowship and in 1985 a Guggenheim Fellowship. In 1978 he was invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Helsinki. In 1992 he was elected Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and in 2012 Fellow of the American Mathematical Society. In 2003 he was awarded a honorary doctorate from Universiteit Utrecht.
Research
Weinstein's works cover many areas in differential geometry and mathematical physics, including
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir%20Vari%C4%87ak
|
Vladimir Varićak (sometimes also spelled Vladimir Varičak; March 1, 1865 – January 17, 1942) was a Croatian mathematician and theoretical physicist of Serbian origin.
Biography
Varićak, an ethnic Serb, was born on March 1, 1865, in the village of Švica near Otočac, Austrian Empire (present-day Croatia). He studied physics and mathematics at the University of Zagreb from 1883 to 1887. He made his PhD in 1889 and got his habilitation in 1895. In 1899 he became professor of mathematics in Zagreb, where he gave lectures until his death in 1942.
From 1903 to 1908 he wrote on hyperbolic geometry (or Bolyai–Lobachevskian geometry). In 1910, following a 1909 publication of Sommerfeld, he applied hyperbolic geometry to the special theory of relativity. Sommerfeld, using the imaginary form of Minkowski space, had shown in his 1909 paper that the Einstein formula for combination of velocities is most clearly understandable as a formula for triangular addition on the surface of a sphere of imaginary radius. Varićak reinterpreted this result as showing that rapidity combines by the triangle rule in hyperbolic space. This is a fundamental result for the hyperbolic theory which was demonstrated later by other approaches by Robb (1911) and Borel (1913). The 1910 papers also dealt with several applications of the hyperbolic theory to optics. In 1911 Varićak was invited to speak to the Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung in Karlsruhe on his work. He continued to develop the hyperbolic reinter
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinko%20Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k
|
Vinko Dvořák (January 21, 1848 – May 6, 1922) was a Czech-Croatian physicist, professor and academician.
He studied mathematics and physics at the Charles University in Prague, and after graduating he became an assistant to professor Ernst Mach. After obtaining his doctorate in Prague in 1873/1874 he came to Zagreb (at the time also part of Austria-Hungary) and founded the Physics Cabinet at the Faculty of Philosophy in 1875.
Dvořák made many important discoveries in the field of experimental acoustics and optics, which are known as the Dvořák-Rayleigh current, the Dvořák acoustic repulsion, and the Dvořák circuit. His work on acoustic radiometers coincided with that of Lord Rayleigh.
He was the dean of the Faculty of Philosophy in 1881/82 and again in 1891/92 and the rector of the University of Zagreb in 1893/94.
Professor Dvorak made constant advancements in physics experimentation at the Faculty—in 1896 he obtained a Röntgen radiation device just six months after it was discovered.
He became a member of the Academy of Sciences and Arts in 1883 (associate) and 1887 (full member). He was also an associate member of the Czech Academy of Franz Joseph I, a member of the Société francaise de physique (French Physics Society) and the Paris Société internationale des électriciens, and a member of the Royal Czech Society of Sciences in Prague.
Dvořák retired in 1911.
References
1848 births
1922 deaths
19th-century Croatian people
19th-century Czech people
Croatian physicis
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan%20E.%20Gonz%C3%A1lez
|
Dr. Juan E. González born in The Bronx, New York is a Professor of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Associate Dean for Graduate Studies at The University of Texas at Dallas. González received his Ph.D. from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1991. He was a post-doctoral fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He joined the faculty of UTD in 1996 as an assistant professor and was appointed to associate professor in 2002. González's research focuses on understanding the structural, biochemical and cell biology mechanisms by which molecular signals control bacterial communication. His research has led to greater insights into how bacteria coordinate invasion and colonization of plants and animals. González's work has been recognized by numerous awards, including the Rittenberg Award for Outstanding Microbiology Graduate Research (1989), the Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund Postdoctoral Fellowship (1991–94), and the National Science Foundation Career Award (1997).
See also
List of Puerto Ricans
References
External links
Research Interests
Faculty Profile
News and Events
Puerto Rican scientists
American microbiologists
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
American geneticists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
University of Texas at Dallas faculty
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock%20number
|
The term stock number can have several meanings:
In inorganic chemistry, it is an obsolete synonym of oxidation number. (See Stock nomenclature.)
Stock numbers can also be reference numbers to identify a unique sheet of paper, such as tickets, paper money and giro forms. Stock numbers are printed when the paper is manufactured, while additional unique numbers might be added later (airline ticket have both a pre-printed stock control number and a document number that is added when the ticket is issued).
A identifying number used for a product available in a physical warehouse or inventory system. A customer can order a product via a stock number; warehouse staff then use the stock number to find the location of the product (stock) with a product location system, and pull and ship the product to the ordering customer. A part number.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara%20Ramsay%20Shaw
|
Barbara Ramsay Shaw is the William T. Miller Distinguished Emeritus Professor of Chemistry at Duke University. She is known for her work on how DNA reacts with other compounds.
Education and career
Shaw earned her B.A. from Bryn Mawr College in 1965. She has an M.S. (1967) and a Ph.D. in physical chemistry (1973) from the University of Washington. Her Ph.D. advisors were Michael Schurr, professor of chemistry at the University of Washington and Walter Kauzmann, professor of chemistry and member of the National Academy of Sciences at Princeton University. Shaw received her post-doctoral training from Kensal van Holde, professor of biochemistry and member of the National Academy of Sciences at Oregon State University. In 1975 Shaw moved to Duke University as an assistant professor, and by 1992 she had been promoted to full professor. In 2006 Shaw was named the William T Miller Distinguished Professor of Chemistry at Duke University.
Research
In her graduate work, Shaw synthesized peptide sequences using solid phase synthesis. Shaw learned this technique from Bruce Merrifield at Rockefeller University. Merrifield won the 1984 Nobel Prize for his work. Shaw studied the spontaneous formation of helix coils in her peptide sequences using optical rotatory dispersion. Shaw is known for her later work on boranophosphates. While a postdoctoral researcher at Oregon State she helped establish the structure of the nucleosome. She has studied the chemical reactivity of DNA, and appli
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroneutral%20cation-Cl
|
In molecular biology, the electroneutral cation-Cl (electroneutral potassium chloride cotransporter) family of proteins are a family of solute carrier proteins. This family includes the products of the Human genes: SLC12A1, SLC12A1, SLC12A2, SLC12A3, SLC12A4, SLC12A5, SLC12A6, SLC12A7, SLC12A8 and SLC12A9.
The K-Cl co-transporter (KCC) mediates the coupled movement of K+ and Cl− ions across the plasma membrane of many animal cells. This transport is involved in the regulatory volume decrease in response to cell swelling in red blood cells, and has been proposed to play a role in the vectorial movement of Cl− across kidney epithelia. The transport process involves one for one electroneutral movement of K+ together with Cl−, and, in all known mammalian cells, the net movement is outward.
The neuronal KCC subtype KCC2 is cell-volume insensitive and plays a unique role in maintaining low intracellular Cl−concentration, which is required in neurones for the functioning of Cl− dependent fast synaptic inhibition, mediated by certain neurotransmitters, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine.
Three isoforms of the K-Cl co-transporter have been described, termed KCC1 (SLC12A4), KCC2 (SLC12A5), and KCC3 (SLC12A6), containing 1085, 1116 and 1150 amino acids, respectively. They are predicted to have 12 transmembrane (TM) regions in a central hydrophobic domain, together with hydrophilic N- and C-termini that are likely cytoplasmic. Comparison of their sequences with those
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Maria%20Mamachi
|
Thomas Maria Mamachi (December 4, 1713 in Chios – June 7, 1792 in Corneto, near Montefiascone), was an Italo-Greek Dominican theologian and historian.
Life
At the age of sixteen he entered the convent of Chios and passed later to St. Mark's at Florence and the Minerva at Rome.
In 1740 he was appointed professor of physics in the Roman Sapienza university, and in 1743 taught philosophy at the Propaganda Fide. His residence at Florence and Rome brought him into contact with brilliant men of his order, e.g. Giuseppe Agostino Orsi, Divelli and Daniello Concina, and greatly facilitated his progress in his studies. He collaborated with Orsi in his "De Romani pontificis in synodos oecumenicas et earum canones potestate".
Soon pope Benedict XIV appointed him prefect of the Casanatensian Library, master of theology and consultor of the Congregation of the Index. Owing to his office he had to take part in the controversy between the Appellants (Jansenists) and the Jesuits, and displayed an impartiality which greatly increased the difficulties of his anxious and laborious position. He engaged in lively theological controversies with Gian Domenico Mansi and Cadonici.
He had likewise to intervene in the controversy concerning the beatification of Juan de Palafox y Mendoza. In a published writing on this question, he dealt severely with the Jesuit party who opposed the beatification; but he was not less energetic in dealing with their opponents, the Appellants and Jansenist Church o
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Park%20Babcock
|
Joseph Park Babcock (1893 – 1949), American popularizer of Mahjong, was born in Lafayette, Indiana. After graduating from Purdue University with a degree in Civil Engineering, he worked for the Standard Oil Company. In 1912 he was sent to Suzhou, China, as a representative of Standard Oil. There he and his wife enjoyed playing the Chinese tile game. He created a simplified version of Mahjong with a goal of introducing the game to America. He trademarked the spelling "Mah-Jongg" which he apparently coined. His Rules of Mah-Jongg, or the red book, (1920) was used as a rule book for English language players.
The game quickly became popular, but several versions were played. In 1924, the Standardization Committee of the American Official Laws of Mah-Jongg was formed. Babcock was an integral member, and the committee published a standardized rule set. Many game sets were then produced in the United States by several companies.
Babcock died in New York City of a heart attack in 1949.
Works on Mah-Jongg
Notes
References
Mah Jong Museum
1893 births
1949 deaths
Mahjong
20th-century American non-fiction writers
Purdue University alumni
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granville%20Sewell
|
Edward Granville Sewell is an American mathematician, university professor, and intelligent design advocate. He is a professor of mathematics at the University of Texas, El Paso.
Education
Sewell received his PhD from Purdue University in 1972 and an M.S. in mechanical engineering 1977 from the University of Texas, Austin. His BS was from Harding College (now Harding University)
Contributions
Mathematics
Sewell's primary work is on the solution of differential equations. He published "The Numerical Solution of Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations, Third Edition," World Scientific Publishing, 2014 . His major development effort has been the equation solver PDE2D--A general-purpose PDE solver. Sewell similarly published: "Computational Methods of Linear Algebra, Third Edition," and "Solving Partial Differential Equation Applications with PDE2D".
Views on origins
Sewell is signatory to the Discovery Institute's "A Scientific Dissent from Darwinism" petition. In 2000 Sewell compared the lifelong development of his state of the art software program with Darwin's predictions. After positing modeling the early universe and predicting its evolution, Sewell concludes:
Clearly something extremely improbable has happened here on our planet, with the origin and development of life, and especially with the development of human consciousness and creativity. This is cited by the Discovery Institute as one of the "Peer-Reviewed & Peer-Edited Scientific Publications Supporting
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard%20Grofman
|
Bernard Norman Grofman (born December 2, 1944) is a political scientist at the University of California, Irvine. He is an expert on redistricting and has been a special master on several district map redrawings.
From the University of Chicago he received a B.S. (1966) in mathematics and an M.A. (1968) and Ph.D. (1972) in political science. He began teaching at the University of California, Irvine, in 1976, becoming a full professor in 1980.
His works include Quiet Revolution in the South: The Impact of the Voting Rights Act, 1965-1990 (with Chandler Davidson, eds., 1994), Legacies of the 1964 Civil Rights Act (ed., 2000), Political Science as Puzzle Solving (ed., 2001), A Unified Theory of Voting (with Samuel Merrill III, 1999), and A Unified Theory of Party Competition (with James Adams and Samuel Merrill III, 2005), among many others. He also published over 200 articles in periodicals.
He has published several articles under the pseudonym "A. Wuffle" or "Uncle Wuffle", with the conceit that Wuffle was Grofman's associate or assistant, including "The pure theory of elevators" (Mathematics Magazine, 1982), "Should you brush your teeth on November 6, 1984?: A rational choice perspective" (PS, 1984), "A corollary to the third axiom of general semantics" (Journal of Theoretical Politics, 1992), or "Death where is thy sting? The Senate as a Ponce (de Leon) scheme" (PS, 1997).
In 2015, Grofman was appointed as a special master to redraw Virginia's congressional districts afte
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Benedict%27s%20Catholic%20School
|
St Benedict's Catholic School is a coeducational Roman Catholic secondary school and sixth form in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, England. Opened in 1967, the school has around 900 students.
St Benedict's was a Mathematics and Computing Specialist School. Whilst the school is based in Bury St. Edmunds, many of its students travel from a wide area, including Haverhill, Thetford, Sudbury, Stowmarket, Newmarket and other surrounding villages and towns, because it is the only Catholic secondary school in the vicinity.
Previously a voluntary aided school administered by Suffolk County Council, in September 2022 St Benedict's Catholic School converted to academy status. The school is now sponsored by the Our Lady of Walsingham Catholic Trust, and continues to be under the jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Diocese of East Anglia.
Ofsted
In September 2014, a snap Ofsted inspection (which were introduced after Operation Trojan Horse), was held at the school. Following the inspection, the school's previous rating of good was downgraded to "needs improvement". Inspectors found St Benedict's to be in breach of rules surrounding guarding against extremism and radicalisation, and were failing to prepare students "for life and work in modern Britain". The report was withdrawn within hours, with Ofsted stating that "quality assurance checks" were required. In November 2014, the school was one of 11 highlighted by Ofsted as failing to promote British values.
The wording of the report was late
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlito
|
Carlito means "little Carlos". It may refer to:
Biology
Carlito (genus), a genus of tarsiers
The Philippine tarsier (Carlito syrichta), the only extant species in the above genus
People
Carlito (name)
Carlito (wrestler), a ring name used by professional wrestler, Carlos Edwin Colón Jr.
Other
Carlito (typeface), a typeface released by Google with metrics compatible with Microsoft's Calibri typeface
See also
Carlitos
Carloto
Thiago Carleto
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Rosenblum
|
Mary Rosenblum (born Mary Freeman; June 27, 1952 – March 11, 2018) was an American science fiction and mystery author.
Biography
Rosenblum was born in Levittown, New York and grew up in Allison Park, Pennsylvania. She earned a biology degree from Reed College in Oregon. Rosenblum attended the Clarion West Writers Workshop in 1988.
Her first story came out in 1990 and her first novel in 1993. Her career began in, and largely returned to, science fiction. However, from 1999 to 2002 she wrote the "Gardening Mysteries" novel series under the name "Mary Freeman." Her gardening-involved mystery novels are said to be significantly different from her science fiction and so her two followings do not necessarily overlap. In 1994, she won the Compton Crook Award for Best First Novel for the novel, The Drylands. In 2009 she won the Sidewise Award for Alternate History Short Form for her story, "Sacrifice."
Rosenblum was also an accomplished cheesemaker who taught the craft at selected workshops.
At the age of 57, Rosenblum earned her airman certificate. Residing in Oregon, she was one of only 10% of pilots in that state who are female.
Death
Rosenblum died on March 11, 2018, when the single-engine plane she was piloting crashed near an airfield south of La Center, Washington.
Bibliography
Novels
The Drylands (1993)
Chimera (1993)
The Stone Garden (1994)
Devil's Trumpet (1999) writing as Mary Freeman
Deadly Nightshade (1999) writing as Mary Freeman
Bleeding Heart (2000) writing as
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth%20ferrite
|
Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3, also commonly referred to as BFO in materials science) is an inorganic chemical compound with perovskite structure and one of the most promising multiferroic materials. The room-temperature phase of BiFeO3 is classed as rhombohedral belonging to the space group R3c. It is synthesized in bulk and thin film form and both its antiferromagnetic (G type ordering) Néel temperature (approximately 653 K) and ferroelectric Curie temperature are well above room temperature (approximately 1100K). Ferroelectric polarization occurs along the pseudocubic direction () with a magnitude of 90–95 μC/cm2.
Sample Preparation
Bismuth ferrite is not a naturally occurring mineral and several synthesis routes to obtain the compound have been developed.
Solid state synthesis
In the solid state reaction method bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) in a 1:1 mole ratio are mixed with a mortar or by ball milling and then fired at elevated temperatures. Preparation of pure stoichiometric BiFeO3 is challenging due to the volatility of bismuth during firing which leads to the formation of stable secondary Bi25FeO39 (selenite) and Bi2Fe4O9 (mullite) phase. Typically a firing temperature of 800 to 880 Celsius is used for 5 to 60 minutes with rapid subsequent cooling. Excess Bi2O3 has also been used a measure to compensate for bismuth volatility and to avoid formation of the Bi2Fe4O9 phase.
Single crystal growth
Bismuth ferrite melts incongruently, but it can be grown fr
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan%20B.%20Guti%C3%A9rrez
|
Juan Bernardo Gutiérrez (born March 17, 1973) is an American mathematician and author of Colombian origin, known primarily for his theoretical and practical contributions in the field of electronic literature.
Biography
Gutiérrez was born in Bogotá, Colombia. He graduated in 1996 with a B.Sc. in civil engineering from the National University of Colombia. He moved to the United States in 2001. He graduated in 2009 with a Ph.D. in mathematical biology from Florida State University. Currently he is a professor of mathematics at the University of Texas at San Antonio.
In 1996, at age 23, he won the international literary prize Carlos Castro Saavedra in Medellín, Colombia. That same year, he was awarded a National Grant in Literature by the Colombian Ministry of Culture to write the digital novel El Primer Vuelo de los Hermanos Wright (The First Flight of the Wright Brothers). In 1997 and 1998 he received two national grants from the Bogotan Institute of Culture to write the digital novel Condiciones Extremas (Extreme Conditions). These two novels are regarded as the first hypertextual novels in the Spanish language.
Gutiérrez developed the literary hypertext authoring system known as Literatronica, which uses an AI engine to adapt the narrative pieces to readers based upon their interaction with the system.
Bibliography in English
Extreme Conditions, Version 3, 2005. Digital novel published in Literatronica.com
The First Flight of the Wright Brothers, Version 2, 2006. Dig
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modon
|
Modon may refer to:
The name given by the Venetians to the town of Methoni, Messenia, in Greece
Latin Bishopric of Modon, a titular diocese of the Roman Catholic church whose seat was Methoni
MODON, a business name of the Saudi Industrial Property Authority
, a tributary of the Cher, in France
Modon (fluid dynamics), or dipole eddy pair.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateau%E2%80%93Rayleigh%20instability
|
In fluid dynamics, the Plateau–Rayleigh instability, often just called the Rayleigh instability, explains why and how a falling stream of fluid breaks up into smaller packets with the same volume but less surface area. It is related to the Rayleigh–Taylor instability and is part of a greater branch of fluid dynamics concerned with fluid thread breakup. This fluid instability is exploited in the design of a particular type of ink jet technology whereby a jet of liquid is perturbed into a steady stream of droplets.
The driving force of the Plateau–Rayleigh instability is that liquids, by virtue of their surface tensions, tend to minimize their surface area. A considerable amount of work has been done recently on the final pinching profile by attacking it with self-similar solutions.
History
The Plateau–Rayleigh instability is named for Joseph Plateau and Lord Rayleigh. In 1873, Plateau found experimentally that a vertically falling stream of water will break up into drops if its length is greater than about 3.13 to 3.18 times its diameter, which he noted is close to . Later, Rayleigh showed theoretically that a vertically falling column of non-viscous liquid with a circular cross-section should break up into drops if its length exceeded its circumference, which is indeed times its diameter.
Theory
The explanation of this instability begins with the existence of tiny perturbations in the stream. These are always present, no matter how smooth the stream is (for example,
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibsen%20Mart%C3%ADnez
|
Ibsen Martínez (born 20 October 1951) is a columnist, mathematician, journalist, and playwright from Caracas, Venezuela. Ibsen is a graduate from Central University of Venezuela in pure mathematics.
Since 1995, he has written a weekly column for El Nacional. His writings have appeared in El Nuevo Herald, The New York Times, Letras Libres, and El País. Martinez has also written several plays for the theater.
Martínez also writes soap operas (called "telenovelas" in Latin America). One of them was "Por Estas Calles" (Along these streets) a television drama, in 1992.
References
External links
The Washington Post, PostGlobal Panelist
1951 births
Living people
People from Caracas
Venezuelan journalists
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Aderem
|
Alan Aderem is an American biologist, specializing in immunology and cell biology. Aderem's particular focus is the innate immune system, the part of the immune system that responds generically to pathogens. His laboratory's research focuses on diseases afflicting citizens of resource poor countries, including AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis and influenza.
Education
A native of South Africa, Aderem joined the anti-apartheid movement as a teen in South Africa. He played a role in trade unions and community movements, and edited a township newspaper. Aderem was banned and put under house arrest for 5 years from 1977 to 1982. He was also a clandestine member of the African National Congress (ANC). He left South Africa in 1982.
Aderem obtained his Ph.D. at the University of Cape Town and completed a postdoctoral fellowship at The Rockefeller University in the laboratory of Zanvil Cohn. Aderem became head of the laboratory of Signal Transduction in 1991. In 1996, he accepted a professorship of Immunology and Medicine at the University of Washington.
Career
In 2012, Aderem became president of Seattle Biomedical Research Institute (Seattle BioMed). Aderem co-founded the Institute for Systems Biology with Leroy Hood and Ruedi Aebersold in 2000 and served as its director until 2011. The ISB, the first institute for systems biology worldwide, focuses on a holistic understanding of biology, health, and disease.
Aderem has edited several journals including The Journal of Experimen
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finham%20Park%20School
|
Finham Park School is a secondary school and sixth form with academy status. It is situated on Green Lane in Finham, Coventry, England.
In September 2003, it became the first Mathematics and Computing College in Coventry. The Headteacher is Mr Chris Bishop, with Deputy Headteachers Ms Sarah Megeney and Mr Rob Morey. The previous headteacher had been Mr Mark Bailie who was head between 2009 and 2017 and is now CEO for the Finham Park Multi Academy Trust set up in 2015.
The school has 1,650 students across the five mandatory years and the two optional years of the sixth form. The student intake is from the Finham, Styvechale, Cheylesmore, Green Lane, Gibbet Hill and Fenside districts of the city, plus certain parts of Earlsdon.
History
Finham Park School opened in 1970, but construction of the final school buildings was not completed until late 1971. Before Finham Park School opened, pupils in the area went to a variety of Coventry schools.
A sixth-form block was opened in 2006 and the old sixth-form block became the Personalised Learning Center (PLC), used for Supportive Studies for the main school. The Sixth Form is now in a bigger, two-storey purpose built block (T-Block).
In 2005, Finham Park School became the first school in Coventry to offer the IB Diploma Programme, as an alternative to A Levels. Upper sixth form students, the first to take the IB diploma from the school, sat their IB examinations in May 2007; though the IB Diploma is no longer offered.
In 2007, Fi
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.