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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag%20coefficient | In fluid dynamics, the drag coefficient (commonly denoted as: , or ) is a dimensionless quantity that is used to quantify the drag or resistance of an object in a fluid environment, such as air or water. It is used in the drag equation in which a lower drag coefficient indicates the object will have less aerodynamic o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispersion%20%28materials%20science%29 | In materials science, dispersion is the fraction of atoms of a material exposed to the surface. In general, D = NS/N, where D is the dispersion, NS is the number of surface atoms and NT is the total number of atoms of the material. It is an important concept in heterogeneous catalysis, since only atoms exposed to the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichenology | Lichenology is the branch of mycology that studies the lichens, symbiotic organisms made up of an intimate symbiotic association of a microscopic alga (or a cyanobacterium) with a filamentous fungus.
Study of lichens draws knowledge from several disciplines: mycology, phycology, microbiology and botany. Scholars of li... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg%20von%20Peuerbach | Georg von Peuerbach (also Purbach, Peurbach; ; born May 30, 1423 – April 8, 1461) was an Austrian astronomer, poet, mathematician and instrument maker, best known for his streamlined presentation of Ptolemaic astronomy in the Theoricae Novae Planetarum. Peuerbach was instrumental in making astronomy, mathematics and li... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese%20postman%20problem | In graph theory, a branch of mathematics and computer science, Guan's route problem, the Chinese postman problem, postman tour or route inspection problem is to find a shortest closed path or circuit that visits every edge of an (connected) undirected graph at least once. When the graph has an Eulerian circuit (a clos... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic%20reaction | Organic reactions are chemical reactions involving organic compounds. The basic organic chemistry reaction types are addition reactions, elimination reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions, photochemical reactions and redox reactions. In organic synthesis, organic reactions are ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handedness | In human biology, handedness is an individual's preferential use of one hand, known as the dominant hand, due to it being stronger, faster or more dextrous. The other hand, comparatively often the weaker, less dextrous or simply less subjectively preferred, is called the non-dominant hand. In a study from 1975 on 7,688... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elias%20James%20Corey | Elias James Corey (born July 12, 1928) is an American organic chemist. In 1990, he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis", specifically retrosynthetic analysis. Regarded by many as one of the greatest living chemists, he has developed numerous syntheti... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceptron | In machine learning, the perceptron (or McCulloch-Pitts neuron) is an algorithm for supervised learning of binary classifiers. A binary classifier is a function which can decide whether or not an input, represented by a vector of numbers, belongs to some specific class. It is a type of linear classifier, i.e. a class... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation%20reaction | In organic chemistry, a condensation reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which two molecules are combined to form a single molecule, usually with the loss of a small molecule such as water. If water is lost, the reaction is also known as a dehydration synthesis. However other molecules can also be lost, such as ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis%20Gabor | Dennis Gabor ( ; , ; 5 June 1900 – 9 February 1979) was a Hungarian-British electrical engineer and physicist, most notable for inventing holography, for which he later received the 1971 Nobel Prize in Physics. He obtained British citizenship in 1934, and spent most of his life in England.
Life and career
Gabor was ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20weapon%20design | Nuclear weapon designs are physical, chemical, and engineering arrangements that cause the physics package of a nuclear weapon to detonate. There are three existing basic design types:
pure fission weapons, the simplest, least technically demanding, were the first nuclear weapons built and, so far, the only type ever... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSW%20%28disambiguation%29 | NSW is a short form name for New South Wales, an Australian state.
NSW may also refer to:
King of Egypt
National Herbarium of New South Wales, by Index Herbariorum code
Naval Strike Wing of the UK's Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm
Navut language of Vanuatu
Newman–Shanks–Williams prime, a class of number in mathematics
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension | Suspension or suspended may refer to:
Science and engineering
Car suspension
Cell suspension or suspension culture, in biology
Guarded suspension, a software design pattern in concurrent programming suspending a method call and the calling thread until a precondition (guard) is satisfied
Magnetic suspension, a met... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann%20surface | In mathematics, particularly in complex analysis, a Riemann surface is a one-dimensional complex manifold.
Loosely speaking, this means that any Riemann surface is formed by gluing together open subsets of the complex plane C using holomorphic gluing maps.
Examples of Riemann surfaces include graphs of multivalued ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin%20Bridges | Calvin Blackman Bridges (January 11, 1889 – December 27, 1938) was an American scientist known for his contributions to the field of genetics. Along with Alfred Sturtevant and H.J. Muller, Bridges was part of Thomas Hunt Morgan's famous "Fly Room" at Columbia University.
Early life
Calvin Blackman Bridges was born in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin%20network | In physics, a spin network is a type of diagram which can be used to represent states and interactions between particles and fields in quantum mechanics. From a mathematical perspective, the diagrams are a concise way to represent multilinear functions and functions between representations of matrix groups. The diagram... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diels%E2%80%93Alder%20reaction | In organic chemistry, the Diels–Alder reaction is a chemical reaction between a conjugated diene and a substituted alkene, commonly termed the dienophile, to form a substituted cyclohexene derivative. It is the prototypical example of a pericyclic reaction with a concerted mechanism. More specifically, it is classified... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefaction | In materials science, liquefaction is a process that generates a liquid from a solid or a gas or that generates a non-liquid phase which behaves in accordance with fluid dynamics.
It occurs both naturally and artificially. As an example of the latter, a "major commercial application of liquefaction is the liquefaction... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filter%20design | Filter design is the process of designing a signal processing filter that satisfies a set of requirements, some of which may be conflicting. The purpose is to find a realization of the filter that meets each of the requirements to a sufficient degree to make it useful.
The filter design process can be described as an... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical%20physics | Mathematical physics refers to the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics. The Journal of Mathematical Physics defines the field as "the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods suitable for such applications and for the formulatio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far-infrared%20astronomy | Far-infrared astronomy is the branch of astronomy and astrophysics that deals with objects visible in far-infrared radiation (extending from 30 μm towards submillimeter wavelengths around 450 μm).
In the far-infrared, stars are not especially bright, but emission from very cold matter (140 Kelvin or less) can be obser... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probabilistic%20method | In mathematics, the probabilistic method is a nonconstructive method, primarily used in combinatorics and pioneered by Paul Erdős, for proving the existence of a prescribed kind of mathematical object. It works by showing that if one randomly chooses objects from a specified class, the probability that the result is of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc | Disk or disc may refer to:
Disk (mathematics), a geometric shape
Disk storage
Optical disc
Music
Disc (band), an American experimental music band
Disk (album), a 1995 EP by Moby
Other uses
Disk (functional analysis), a subset of a vector space
Disc (galaxy), a disc-shaped group of stars
Disc (magazine), a Bri... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swern%20oxidation | In organic chemistry, the Swern oxidation, named after Daniel Swern, is a chemical reaction whereby a primary or secondary alcohol () is oxidized to an aldehyde () or ketone () using oxalyl chloride, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and an organic base, such as triethylamine. It is one of the many oxidation reactions commonly... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Baltimore | David Baltimore (born March 7, 1938) is an American biologist, university administrator, and 1975 Nobel laureate in Physiology or Medicine. He is a professor of biology at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), where he served as president from 1997 to 2006. He founded the Whitehead Institute and directed it... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex%20conjugate | In mathematics, the complex conjugate of a complex number is the number with an equal real part and an imaginary part equal in magnitude but opposite in sign. That is, if and are real numbers then the complex conjugate of is The complex conjugate of is often denoted as or .
In polar form, if and are real num... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homogeneity%20%28disambiguation%29 | Homogeneity is a sameness of constituent structure.
Homogeneity, homogeneous, or homogenization may also refer to:
In mathematics
Transcendental law of homogeneity of Leibniz
Homogeneous space for a Lie group G, or more general transformation group
Homogeneous function
Homogeneous polynomial
Homogeneous equation... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal%20group | In mathematics, the orthogonal group in dimension , denoted , is the group of distance-preserving transformations of a Euclidean space of dimension that preserve a fixed point, where the group operation is given by composing transformations. The orthogonal group is sometimes called the general orthogonal group, by ana... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center%20of%20mass | In physics, the center of mass of a distribution of mass in space (sometimes referred to as the barycenter or balance point) is the unique point at any given time where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero. This is the point to which a force may be applied to cause a linear acceleration w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symplectic%20group | In mathematics, the name symplectic group can refer to two different, but closely related, collections of mathematical groups, denoted and for positive integer n and field F (usually C or R). The latter is called the compact symplectic group and is also denoted by . Many authors prefer slightly different notations, u... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symplectic%20matrix | In mathematics, a symplectic matrix is a matrix with real entries that satisfies the condition
where denotes the transpose of and is a fixed nonsingular, skew-symmetric matrix. This definition can be extended to matrices with entries in other fields, such as the complex numbers, finite fields, p-adic numbers, a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary%20group | In mathematics, the unitary group of degree n, denoted U(n), is the group of unitary matrices, with the group operation of matrix multiplication. The unitary group is a subgroup of the general linear group . Hyperorthogonal group is an archaic name for the unitary group, especially over finite fields. For the group of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%20unitary%20group | In mathematics, the special unitary group of degree , denoted , is the Lie group of unitary matrices with determinant 1.
The matrices of the more general unitary group may have complex determinants with absolute value 1, rather than real 1 in the special case.
The group operation is matrix multiplication. The specia... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20blot | The western blot (sometimes called the protein immunoblot), or western blotting, is a widely used analytical technique in molecular biology and immunogenetics to detect specific proteins in a sample of tissue homogenate or extract. Besides detecting the proteins, this technique is also utilized to visualize, distinguis... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skew-symmetric%20matrix | In mathematics, particularly in linear algebra, a skew-symmetric (or antisymmetric or antimetric) matrix is a square matrix whose transpose equals its negative. That is, it satisfies the condition
In terms of the entries of the matrix, if denotes the entry in the -th row and -th column, then the skew-symmetric condit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin%20C.%20Crow | Franklin C. (Frank) Crow is a computer scientist who has made important contributions to computer graphics, including some of the first practical spatial anti-aliasing techniques. Crow also proposed the shadow volume technique for generating geometrically accurate shadows.
Education
Crow studied electrical engineerin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Chadwick | Sir James Chadwick, (20 October 1891 – 24 July 1974) was an English physicist who was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the neutron in 1932. In 1941, he wrote the final draft of the MAUD Report, which inspired the U.S. government to begin serious atom bomb research efforts. He was the head o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRP | GRP may refer to:
Biochemistry
Gastrin-releasing peptide
Grp78, Grp94, Grp170, glucose-regulated proteins
Grape reaction product
Mathematics
Grp, the Category of groups
Technology and materials
Glass-reinforced-polymer, also known as Fiberglass, or Fibreglass.
Gentoo Reference Platform
Transport
Grove Park ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common%20logarithm | In mathematics, the common logarithm is the logarithm with base 10. It is also known as the decadic logarithm and as the decimal logarithm, named after its base, or Briggsian logarithm, after Henry Briggs, an English mathematician who pioneered its use, as well as standard logarithm. Historically, it was known as logar... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirichlet%20character | In analytic number theory and related branches of mathematics, a complex-valued arithmetic function is a Dirichlet character of modulus (where is a positive integer) if for all integers and :
that is, is completely multiplicative.
(gcd is the greatest common divisor)
; that is, is periodic with period .
Th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz%20Haber | Fritz Haber (; 9 December 186829 January 1934) was a German chemist who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his invention of the Haber–Bosch process, a method used in industry to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas. This invention is important for the large-scale synthesis of fertilisers... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Bosch | Carl Bosch (; 27 August 1874 – 26 April 1940) was a German chemist and engineer and Nobel Laureate in Chemistry. He was a pioneer in the field of high-pressure industrial chemistry and founder of IG Farben, at one point the world's largest chemical company.
Biography
Early years
Carl Bosch was born in Cologne to a s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laplace%20operator | In mathematics, the Laplace operator or Laplacian is a differential operator given by the divergence of the gradient of a scalar function on Euclidean space. It is usually denoted by the symbols , (where is the nabla operator), or . In a Cartesian coordinate system, the Laplacian is given by the sum of second partial... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Div | Div or DIV may refer to:
Science and technology
Division (mathematics), the mathematical operation that is the inverse of multiplication
Span and div, HTML tags that implement generic elements
div, a C mathematical function
Divergence, a mathematical operation in vector calculus
Digital Intrinsic Value, a digital... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugald%20Stewart | Dugald Stewart (; 22 November 175311 June 1828) was a Scottish philosopher and mathematician. Today regarded as one of the most important figures of the later Scottish Enlightenment, he was renowned as a populariser of the work of Francis Hutcheson and of Adam Smith. Trained in mathematics, medicine and philosophy, hi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goro%20Shimura | was a Japanese mathematician and Michael Henry Strater Professor Emeritus of Mathematics at Princeton University who worked in number theory, automorphic forms, and arithmetic geometry. He was known for developing the theory of complex multiplication of abelian varieties and Shimura varieties, as well as posing the Tan... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational%20field | In physics, a gravitational field or gravitational acceleration field is a vector field used to explain the influences that a body extends into the space around itself. A gravitational field is used to explain gravitational phenomena, such as the gravitational force field excerted on another massive body. It has dimens... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backslash | The backslash is a typographical mark used mainly in computing and mathematics. It is the mirror image of the common slash . It is a relatively recent mark, first documented in the 1930s. It is sometimes called a hack, whack, escape (from C/UNIX), reverse slash, slosh, downwhack, backslant, backwhack, bash, reverse s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dudley%20R.%20Herschbach | Dudley Robert Herschbach (born June 18, 1932) is an American chemist at Harvard University. He won the 1986 Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly with Yuan T. Lee and John C. Polanyi "for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes". Herschbach and Lee specifically worked with molecular beam... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional%20predicate | In formal logic and related branches of mathematics, a functional predicate, or function symbol, is a logical symbol that may be applied to an object term to produce another object term.
Functional predicates are also sometimes called mappings, but that term has additional meanings in mathematics.
In a model, a functio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartree%20atomic%20units | The Hartree atomic units are a system of natural units of measurement which is especially convenient for calculations in atomic physics and related scientific fields, such as computational chemistry and atomic spectroscopy. They are named after the physicist Douglas Hartree.
Atomic units are often abbreviated "a.u." or... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohr%20magneton | In atomic physics, the Bohr magneton (symbol ) is a physical constant and the natural unit for expressing the magnetic moment of an electron caused by its orbital or spin angular momentum.
In SI units, the Bohr magneton is defined as
and in the Gaussian CGS units as
where
is the elementary charge,
is the reduced Pl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Pataphysics | Pataphysics () is a "philosophy" of science invented by French writer Alfred Jarry (1873–1907) intended to be a parody of science. Difficult to be simply defined or pinned down, it has been described as the "science of imaginary solutions".
Introduction
'Pataphysics was a concept expressed by Jarry in a mock-scientif... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20recompilation | In computer science, dynamic recompilation is a feature of some emulators and virtual machines, where the system may recompile some part of a program during execution. By compiling during execution, the system can tailor the generated code to reflect the program's run-time environment, and potentially produce more effi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20monopole | In particle physics, a magnetic monopole is a hypothetical elementary particle that is an isolated magnet with only one magnetic pole (a north pole without a south pole or vice versa). A magnetic monopole would have a net north or south "magnetic charge". Modern interest in the concept stems from particle theories, not... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciphertext | In cryptography, ciphertext or cyphertext is the result of encryption performed on plaintext using an algorithm, called a cipher. Ciphertext is also known as encrypted or encoded information because it contains a form of the original plaintext that is unreadable by a human or computer without the proper cipher to decry... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparging | Sparging may refer to:
Sparging (chemistry), a process in which a gas is bubbled through a liquid to remove other gases or volatile compounds
Air sparging, a remediation process in which air is pushed through contaminated water or soil to remove volatile pollutants
Sparging, a step in lautering (a process used in brew... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayley%E2%80%93Dickson%20construction | In mathematics, the Cayley–Dickson construction, named after Arthur Cayley and Leonard Eugene Dickson, produces a sequence of algebras over the field of real numbers, each with twice the dimension of the previous one. The algebras produced by this process are known as Cayley–Dickson algebras, for example complex number... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20Stock | Alfred Stock (July 16, 1876 – August 12, 1946) was a German inorganic chemist. He did pioneering research on the hydrides of boron and silicon, coordination chemistry, mercury, and mercury poisoning. The German Chemical Society's Alfred-Stock Memorial Prize is named after him.
Life
Stock was born in Danzig (Gdańsk) an... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passivation%20%28chemistry%29 | In physical chemistry and engineering, passivation is coating a material so that it becomes "passive", that is, less readily affected or corroded by the environment. Passivation involves creation of an outer layer of shield material that is applied as a microcoating, created by chemical reaction with the base material,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20phase | In materials chemistry, a binary phase or binary compound is a chemical compound containing two different elements. Some binary phase compounds are molecular, e.g. carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). More typically binary phase refers to extended solids. Famous examples zinc sulfide, which contains zinc and sulfur, and tungs... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical%20element | In electrical engineering, electrical elements are conceptual abstractions representing idealized electrical components, such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors, used in the analysis of electrical networks. All electrical networks can be analyzed as multiple electrical elements interconnected by wires. Where the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Arbuthnot | John Arbuthnot FRS (baptised 29 April 1667 – 27 February 1735), often known simply as Dr Arbuthnot, was a Scottish physician, satirist and polymath in London. He is best remembered for his contributions to mathematics, his membership in the Scriblerus Club (where he inspired both Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels bo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robot%20control | Robotic control is the system that contributes to the movement of robots. This involves the mechanical aspects and programmable systems that makes it possible to control robots. Robotics can be controlled by various means including manual, wireless, semi-autonomous (a mix of fully automatic and wireless control), and f... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%20goo | Gray goo (also spelled as grey goo) is a hypothetical global catastrophic scenario involving molecular nanotechnology in which out-of-control self-replicating machines consume all biomass (and perhaps also everything else) on Earth while building many more of themselves, a scenario that has been called ecophagy . The o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20evolution | Molecular evolution is the process of change in the sequence composition of cellular molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins across generations. The field of molecular evolution uses principles of evolutionary biology and population genetics to explain patterns in these changes. Major topics in molecular evolution c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer%20physics | Polymer physics is the field of physics that studies polymers, their fluctuations, mechanical properties, as well as the kinetics of reactions involving degradation and polymerisation of polymers and monomers respectively.
While it focuses on the perspective of condensed matter physics, polymer physics is originally a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude%20Pouillet | Claude Servais Mathias Pouillet (16 February 1790 – 14 June 1868) was a French physicist and a professor of physics at the Sorbonne and member of the French Academy of Sciences (elected 1837).
Biography
He studied sciences at the École normale supérieure (Paris), and from 1829 to 1849 was associated with the Conserva... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enantiomer | In chemistry, an enantiomer (/ɪˈnænti.əmər, ɛ-, -oʊ-/ ih-NAN-tee-ə-mər; from Ancient Greek ἐνάντιος (enántios) 'opposite', and μέρος (méros) 'part') – also called optical isomer, antipode, or optical antipode – is one of two stereoisomers that are non-superposable onto their own mirror image. Enantiomers are much like ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole%20number | Whole number is a colloquial term in mathematics. The meaning is ambiguous. It may refer to either:
Natural number, an element of the set or of the set
Integer, an element of the set |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Van%20Flandern | Thomas C. Van Flandern (June 26, 1940 – January 9, 2009) was an American astronomer and author specializing in celestial mechanics. Van Flandern had a career as a professional scientist, but was noted as an outspoken proponent of certain fringe views in astronomy, physics, and extra-terrestrial life. He also published ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbain%20Le%20Verrier | Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier FRS (FOR) HFRSE (; 11 March 1811 – 23 September 1877) was a French astronomer and mathematician who specialized in celestial mechanics and is best known for predicting the existence and position of Neptune using only mathematics. The calculations were made to explain discrepancies with Ura... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Couch%20Adams | John Couch Adams (; 5 June 1819 – 21 January 1892) was a British mathematician and astronomer. He was born in Laneast, near Launceston, Cornwall, and died in Cambridge.
His most famous achievement was predicting the existence and position of Neptune, using only mathematics. The calculations were made to explain disc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20L%C3%A9onard%20Marie%20Poiseuille | Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille (; 22 April 1797 – 26 December 1869) was a French physicist and physiologist.
Poiseuille was born in Paris, France, and he died there on 26 December 1869.
Fluid flow
From 1815 to 1816 he studied at the École Polytechnique in Paris. He was trained in physics and mathematics. In 1828 he ea... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwood%20Dudley | Underwood Dudley (born January 6, 1937) is an American mathematician and writer. His popular works include several books describing crank mathematics by pseudomathematicians who incorrectly believe they have squared the circle or done other impossible things.
Career
Dudley was born in New York City. He received bache... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann%20sum | In mathematics, a Riemann sum is a certain kind of approximation of an integral by a finite sum. It is named after nineteenth century German mathematician Bernhard Riemann. One very common application is in numerical integration, i.e., approximating the area of functions or lines on a graph, where it is also known as t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20molar%20entropy | In chemistry, the standard molar entropy is the entropy content of one mole of pure substance at a standard state of pressure and any temperature of interest. These are often (but not necessarily) chosen to be the standard temperature and pressure.
The standard molar entropy at pressure = is usually given the symbol ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotion | Locomotion means the act or ability of something to transport or move itself from place to place.
Locomotion may refer to:
Motion
Motion (physics)
Robot locomotion, of man-made devices
By environment
Aquatic locomotion
Flight
Locomotion in space
Terrestrial locomotion
Biological locomotion
Animal locomotion
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operon | In genetics, an operon is a functioning unit of DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter. The genes are transcribed together into an mRNA strand and either translated together in the cytoplasm, or undergo splicing to create monocistronic mRNAs that are translated separately, i.e. several... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well-posed%20problem | In mathematics, a well-posed problem is one for which the following properties hold:
The problem has a solution
The solution is unique
The solution's behavior changes continuously with the initial conditions
This definition of a well-posed problem comes from the work of Jacques Hadamard on mathematical modeling of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Eyring%20%28chemist%29 | Henry Eyring (February 20, 1901 – December 26, 1981) was a Mexico-born United States theoretical chemist whose primary contribution was in the study of chemical reaction rates and intermediates.
Eyring developed the Absolute Rate Theory or Transition state theory of chemical reactions, connecting the fields of chemistr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20geometry | Computational geometry is a branch of computer science devoted to the study of algorithms which can be stated in terms of geometry. Some purely geometrical problems arise out of the study of computational geometric algorithms, and such problems are also considered to be part of computational geometry. While modern comp... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error%20function | In mathematics, the error function (also called the Gauss error function), often denoted by , is a complex function of a complex variable defined as:
Some authors define without the factor of .
This nonelementary integral is a sigmoid function that occurs often in probability, statistics, and partial differential equ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equational%20prover | EQP, an abbreviation for equational prover, is an automated theorem proving program for equational logic, developed by the Mathematics and Computer Science Division of the Argonne National Laboratory. It was one of the provers used for solving a longstanding problem posed by Herbert Robbins, namely, whether all Robbin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voronoi%20diagram | In mathematics, a Voronoi diagram is a partition of a plane into regions close to each of a given set of objects. It can be classified also as a tessellation. In the simplest case, these objects are just finitely many points in the plane (called seeds, sites, or generators). For each seed there is a corresponding regio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hari%20Seldon | Hari Seldon is a fictional character in Isaac Asimov's Foundation series. In his capacity as mathematics professor at Streeling University on the planet Trantor, Seldon develops psychohistory, an algorithmic science that allows him to predict the future in probabilistic terms. On the basis of his psychohistory he is ab... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heathen%20Chemistry | Heathen Chemistry is the fifth studio album by English rock band Oasis. It was released on 1 July 2002 by Big Brother Recordings. It is the first Oasis studio album recorded with guitarist Gem Archer and bassist Andy Bell, who both joined the band after work on previous album Standing on the Shoulder of Giants had been... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20topology | In mathematics, general topology (or point set topology) is the branch of topology that deals with the basic set-theoretic definitions and constructions used in topology. It is the foundation of most other branches of topology, including differential topology, geometric topology, and algebraic topology.
The fundament... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst%20Zermelo | Ernst Friedrich Ferdinand Zermelo (, ; 27 July 187121 May 1953) was a German logician and mathematician, whose work has major implications for the foundations of mathematics. He is known for his role in developing Zermelo–Fraenkel axiomatic set theory and his proof of the well-ordering theorem. Furthermore, his 1929 wo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-second | The light-second is a unit of length useful in astronomy, telecommunications and relativistic physics. It is defined as the distance that light travels in free space in one second, and is equal to exactly metres (approximately or 186 282 miles).
Just as the second forms the basis for other units of time, the light-s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Blaffer%20Hrdy | Sarah Hrdy (née Blaffer; born July 11, 1946) is an American anthropologist and primatologist who has made major contributions to evolutionary psychology and sociobiology. She is considered "a highly recognized pioneer in modernizing our understanding
of the evolutionary basis of female behavior in both nonhuman and hum... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atavism | In biology, an atavism is a modification of a biological structure whereby an ancestral genetic trait reappears after having been lost through evolutionary change in previous generations. Atavisms can occur in several ways, one of which is when genes for previously existing phenotypic features are preserved in DNA, and... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthilf%20Hagen | Gotthilf Heinrich Ludwig Hagen (3 March 1797 – 3 February 1884) was a German civil engineer who made important contributions to fluid dynamics, hydraulic engineering and probability theory.
Life and work
Hagen was born in Königsberg, East Prussia (Kaliningrad, Russia) to Friedrich Ludwig Hagen and Helene Charlotte Alb... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirichlet%20convolution | In mathematics, the Dirichlet convolution is a binary operation defined for arithmetic functions; it is important in number theory. It was developed by Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet.
Definition
If are two arithmetic functions from the positive integers to the complex numbers, the Dirichlet convolution is a new arit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurolinguistics | Neurolinguistics is the study of neural mechanisms in the human brain that control the comprehension, production, and acquisition of language. As an interdisciplinary field, neurolinguistics draws methods and theories from fields such as neuroscience, linguistics, cognitive science, communication disorders and neuropsy... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob%20Friedrich%20Fries | Jakob Friedrich Fries (; 23 August 1773 – 10 August 1843) was a German post-Kantian philosopher and mathematician.
Biography
Fries studied theology at the academy of the Moravian Brethren at Niesky and philosophy at the Universities of Leipzig and Jena. After travelling, in 1806 he became professor of philosophy and e... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sclerite | A sclerite (Greek , , meaning "hard") is a hardened body part. In various branches of biology the term is applied to various structures, but not as a rule to vertebrate anatomical features such as bones and teeth. Instead it refers most commonly to the hardened parts of arthropod exoskeletons and the internal spicules ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual | Annual may refer to:
Annual publication, periodical publications appearing regularly once per year
Yearbook
Literary annual
Annual plant
Annual report
Annual giving
Annual, Morocco, a settlement in northeastern Morocco
Annuals (band), a musical group
See also
Annual Review (disambiguation)
Circannual cycle, in biol... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrison%20Predictor | The Kerrison Predictor was one of the first fully automated anti-aircraft fire-control systems. It was used to automate the aiming of the British Army's Bofors 40 mm guns and provide accurate lead calculations through simple inputs on three main handwheels.
The predictor could aim a gun at an aircraft based on simple ... |
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