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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antilinear%20map | In mathematics, a function between two complex vector spaces is said to be antilinear or conjugate-linear if
hold for all vectors and every complex number where denotes the complex conjugate of
Antilinear maps stand in contrast to linear maps, which are additive maps that are homogeneous rather than conjugate ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Involution%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, an involution, involutory function, or self-inverse function is a function that is its own inverse,
for all in the domain of . Equivalently, applying twice produces the original value.
General properties
Any involution is a bijection.
The identity map is a trivial example of an involution. Exam... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign%20convention | In physics, a sign convention is a choice of the physical significance of signs (plus or minus) for a set of quantities, in a case where the choice of sign is arbitrary. "Arbitrary" here means that the same physical system can be correctly described using different choices for the signs, as long as one set of definitio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QRL | QRL is a three letter acronym that can stand for several things:
Quantum Resistant Ledger, a blockchain solution utilizing Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC)
The Queen's Royal Lancers, an armoured regiment of the British Army
Queensland Rugby League, the governing body of rugby league football in the Australian state of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph%20paper | Graph paper, coordinate paper, grid paper, or squared paper is writing paper that is printed with fine lines making up a regular grid. The lines are often used as guides for plotting graphs of functions or experimental data and drawing curves. It is commonly found in mathematics and engineering education settings and i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indefinite%20orthogonal%20group | In mathematics, the indefinite orthogonal group, is the Lie group of all linear transformations of an n-dimensional real vector space that leave invariant a nondegenerate, symmetric bilinear form of signature , where . It is also called the pseudo-orthogonal group or generalized orthogonal group. The dimension of the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G2 | G2, G02, G.II, G II, or G-2 may refer to:
Fiction
Transformers: Generation 2: Part of the Transformers franchise, lasting 1992-1995
Transformers: Generation 2 (comics), by Marvel Comics
G2, an android in the movie Inspector Gadget 2
Science and mathematics
G2, a stellar classification
G2 (mathematics), an except... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wightman%20axioms | In mathematical physics, the Wightman axioms (also called Gårding–Wightman axioms), named after Arthur Wightman, are an attempt at a mathematically rigorous formulation of quantum field theory. Arthur Wightman formulated the axioms in the early 1950s, but they were first published only in 1964 after Haag–Ruelle scatte... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wick%20rotation | In physics, Wick rotation, named after Italian physicist Gian Carlo Wick, is a method of finding a solution to a mathematical problem in Minkowski space from a solution to a related problem in Euclidean space by means of a transformation that substitutes an imaginary-number variable for a real-number variable. This tra... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E6%20%28mathematics%29 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:E6 (mathematics)}}
In mathematics, E6 is the name of some closely related Lie groups, linear algebraic groups or their Lie algebras , all of which have dimension 78; the same notation E6 is used for the corresponding root lattice, which has rank 6. The designation E6 comes from the Cartan–Killing class... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E6 | E6, E06, E.VI or E-6 can mean:
Science, mathematics and engineering
The E6 series (number series) of preferred numbers for electronic components
E6 (mathematics), a Lie group in mathematics
E6 polytope in geometry
E06, Thyroiditis ICD-10 code
E-6 process, a common photographic process for developing transparenc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supergroup | Supergroup or super group may refer to:
Supergroup (music), a music group formed by artists who are already notable or respected in their fields
Supergroup (physics), a generalization of groups, used in the study of supersymmetry
Supergroup (City of Heroes), the term for player guilds in the City of Heroes MMORPG
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supergroup%20%28physics%29 | The concept of supergroup is a generalization of that of group. In other words, every supergroup carries a natural group structure, but there may be more than one way to structure a given group as a supergroup. A supergroup is like a Lie group in that there is a well defined notion of smooth function defined on them.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closure%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, a subset of a given set is closed under an operation of the larger set if performing that operation on members of the subset always produces a member of that subset. For example, the natural numbers are closed under addition, but not under subtraction: is not a natural number, although both 1 and 2 are... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleph%20number | In mathematics, particularly in set theory, the aleph numbers are a sequence of numbers used to represent the cardinality (or size) of infinite sets that can be well-ordered. They were introduced by the mathematician Georg Cantor and are named after the symbol he used to denote them, the Hebrew letter aleph ().
The ca... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block%20size%20%28cryptography%29 | In modern cryptography, symmetric key ciphers are generally divided into stream ciphers and block ciphers. Block ciphers operate on a fixed length string of bits. The length of this bit string is the block size. Both the input (plaintext) and output (ciphertext) are the same length; the output cannot be shorter than th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetization%20of%20analysis | The arithmetization of analysis was a research program in the foundations of mathematics carried out in the second half of the 19th century.
History
Kronecker originally introduced the term arithmetization of analysis, by which he meant its constructivization in the context of the natural numbers (see quotation at bot... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-Way | In cryptography, 3-Way is a block cipher designed in 1994 by Joan Daemen. It is closely related to BaseKing; the two are variants of the same general cipher technique.
3-Way has a block size of 96 bits, notably not a power of two such as the more common 64 or 128 bits. The key length is also 96 bits. The figure 96 ari... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEAL%20%28cipher%29 | In cryptography, SEAL (Software-Optimized Encryption Algorithm) is a stream cipher optimised for machines with a 32-bit word size and plenty of RAM with a reported performance of around 4 cycles per byte. SEAL is actually a pseudorandom function family in that it can easily generate arbitrary portions of the keystrea... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avinash%20Kak | Avinash C. Kak (born 1944) is a professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Purdue University who has conducted pioneering research in several areas of information processing. His most noteworthy contributions deal with algorithms, languages, and systems related to networks (including sensor networks), robotics... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish%20%28cryptography%29 | Fish (sometimes capitalised as FISH) was the UK's GC&CS Bletchley Park codename for any of several German teleprinter stream ciphers used during World War II. Enciphered teleprinter traffic was used between German High Command and Army Group commanders in the field, so its intelligence value (Ultra) was of the highest... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von%20Neumann%20algebra | In mathematics, a von Neumann algebra or W*-algebra is a *-algebra of bounded operators on a Hilbert space that is closed in the weak operator topology and contains the identity operator. It is a special type of C*-algebra.
Von Neumann algebras were originally introduced by John von Neumann, motivated by his study of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamiltonian | Hamiltonian may refer to:
Hamiltonian mechanics, a function that represents the total energy of a system
Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics), an operator corresponding to the total energy of that system
Dyall Hamiltonian, a modified Hamiltonian with two-electron nature
Molecular Hamiltonian, the Hamiltonian operator re... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commute | Commute, commutation or commutative may refer to:
Commuting, the process of travelling between a place of residence and a place of work
Mathematics
Commutative property, a property of a mathematical operation whose result is insensitive to the order of its arguments
Equivariant map, a function whose composition wit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observable | In physics, an observable is a physical property or physical quantity that can be measured. Examples include position and momentum. In systems governed by classical mechanics, it is a real-valued "function" on the set of all possible system states. In quantum physics, it is an operator, or gauge, where the property of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chambourcin | Chambourcin is a variety of grapevine belonging to the Vitis genus in the flowering plant family Vitaceae. It is a French-American interspecific hybrid grape variety used for making wine. Its parentage is uncertain, but genetics studies shows it likely includes several North American Vitis species in its background inc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson%20bracket | In mathematics and classical mechanics, the Poisson bracket is an important binary operation in Hamiltonian mechanics, playing a central role in Hamilton's equations of motion, which govern the time evolution of a Hamiltonian dynamical system. The Poisson bracket also distinguishes a certain class of coordinate transfo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chern%20class | In mathematics, in particular in algebraic topology, differential geometry and algebraic geometry, the Chern classes are characteristic classes associated with complex vector bundles. They have since become fundamental concepts in many branches of mathematics and physics, such as string theory, Chern–Simons theory, kno... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticommutative%20property | In mathematics, anticommutativity is a specific property of some non-commutative mathematical operations. Swapping the position of two arguments of an antisymmetric operation yields a result which is the inverse of the result with unswapped arguments. The notion inverse refers to a group structure on the operation's co... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobi%20identity | In mathematics, the Jacobi identity is a property of a binary operation that describes how the order of evaluation, the placement of parentheses in a multiple product, affects the result of the operation. By contrast, for operations with the associative property, any order of evaluation gives the same result (parenthes... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chern%E2%80%93Simons%20form | In mathematics, the Chern–Simons forms are certain secondary characteristic classes. The theory is named for Shiing-Shen Chern and James Harris Simons, co-authors of a 1974 paper entitled "Characteristic Forms and Geometric Invariants," from which the theory arose.
Definition
Given a manifold and a Lie algebra valued ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commutative%20property | In mathematics, a binary operation is commutative if changing the order of the operands does not change the result. It is a fundamental property of many binary operations, and many mathematical proofs depend on it. Most familiar as the name of the property that says something like or , the property can also be used in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%E2%80%93Weyl%20theorem | In mathematics, the Peter–Weyl theorem is a basic result in the theory of harmonic analysis, applying to topological groups that are compact, but are not necessarily abelian. It was initially proved by Hermann Weyl, with his student Fritz Peter, in the setting of a compact topological group G . The theorem is a collect... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superdeformation | In nuclear physics a superdeformed nucleus is a nucleus that is very far from spherical, forming an ellipsoid with axes in ratios of approximately 2:1:1. Normal deformation is approximately 1.3:1:1. Only some nuclei can exist in superdeformed states.
The first superdeformed states to be observed were the fission isome... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liphistiidae | The spider family Liphistiidae, recognized by Tamerlan Thorell in 1869, comprises 8 genera and about 100 species of medium-sized spiders from Southeast Asia, China, and Japan. They are among the most basal living spiders, belonging to the suborder Mesothelae. In Japan, the Kimura spider (Heptathela kimurai) is well kno... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LPC | LPC may refer to:
Science and technology
Linear predictive coding, a method used in audio signal processing and speech processing
Leaf protein concentrate, a concentrated form of the proteins found in the leaves of plants
Long period comet, a comet classification
Lysophosphatidylcholine, chemical compounds
Late p... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Tiemann | Michael Tiemann is an American software developer and executive, serving as vice president of open source affairs at Red Hat, Inc., and former President of the Open Source Initiative.
Biography
He earned a bachelor's degree from the Moore School of Electrical Engineering in 1986 at the University of Pennsylvania.
He... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-correlation%20matrix | The cross-correlation matrix of two random vectors is a matrix containing as elements the cross-correlations of all pairs of elements of the random vectors. The cross-correlation matrix is used in various digital signal processing algorithms.
Definition
For two random vectors and , each containing random elements who... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Miller%20%28game%20designer%29 | Alan Miller is an American video game designer who was the co-founder of the video game company Activision.
Career
Miller studied electrical engineering and computer science at the University of California, Berkeley, graduating in 1973.
Miller joined Atari, Inc. in February 1977 and was one of the first four Atari 26... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smooth | Smooth may refer to:
Mathematics
Smooth function, a function that is infinitely differentiable; used in calculus and topology
Smooth manifold, a differentiable manifold for which all the transition maps are smooth functions
Smooth algebraic variety, an algebraic variety with no singular points
Smooth number, a num... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyene | In organic chemistry, polyenes are poly-unsaturated, organic compounds that contain at least three alternating double () and single () carbon–carbon bonds. These carbon–carbon double bonds interact in a process known as conjugation, resulting in some unusual optical properties. Related to polyenes are dienes, where th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr%20Beckmann | Petr Beckmann (November 13, 1924 – August 3, 1993) was a professor of electrical engineering who became a well-known advocate of libertarianism and nuclear power. Later in his life he disputed Albert Einstein's theory of relativity and other accepted theories in modern physics.
Biography
In 1939, when Beckmann was 14,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index%20of%20electronics%20articles | This is an index of articles relating to electronics and electricity or natural electricity and things that run on electricity and things that use or conduct electricity.
0–9
16VSB –
2VSB –
32VSB –
4000 series –
4VSB –
555 timer IC –
7400 series –
8VSB
A
Absolute gain (physics) –
Access control –
Access time –
Acoust... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galilean%20transformation | In physics, a Galilean transformation is used to transform between the coordinates of two reference frames which differ only by constant relative motion within the constructs of Newtonian physics. These transformations together with spatial rotations and translations in space and time form the inhomogeneous Galilean gr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgi%E2%80%93Glashow%20model | In particle physics, the Georgi–Glashow model is a particular Grand Unified Theory (GUT) proposed by Howard Georgi and Sheldon Glashow in 1974. In this model, the Standard Model gauge groups SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1) are combined into a single simple gauge group SU(5). The unified group SU(5) is then thought to be spontaneo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pati%E2%80%93Salam%20model | In physics, the Pati–Salam model is a Grand Unified Theory (GUT) proposed in 1974 by Abdus Salam and Jogesh Pati. Like other GUTs, its goal is to explain the seeming arbitrariness and complexity of the Standard Model in terms of a simpler, more fundamental theory that unifies what are in the Standard Model disparate pa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDC | PDC may refer to:
In science and technology
Chemistry, biology and medicine
Phosducin, a human protein and gene in the retina
Pyridinium dichromate (Cornforth reagent), a chromium-based oxidant
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, an enzyme complex
Plasmacytoid dendritic cell
Computing
Peripheral DMA controller
P... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traci%20Harding | Traci Harding (born 1964) is an Australian novelist. Her work blends fantasy, fact, esoteric belief, time travel and quantum physics, into adventurous romps through history, alternative dimensions, universes and states of consciousness.
She was born and raised in Carlingford, a western suburb of Sydney, New South Wale... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locally%20constant%20function | In mathematics, a locally constant function is a function from a topological space into a set with the property that around every point of its domain, there exists some neighborhood of that point on which it restricts to a constant function.
Definition
Let be a function from a topological space into a set
If t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transact-SQL | Transact-SQL (T-SQL) is Microsoft's and Sybase's proprietary extension to the SQL (Structured Query Language) used to interact with relational databases. T-SQL expands on the SQL standard to include procedural programming, local variables, various support functions for string processing, date processing, mathematics, e... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflection | Reflection or reflexion may refer to:
Science and technology
Reflection (physics), a common wave phenomenon
Specular reflection, reflection from a smooth surface
Mirror image, a reflection in a mirror or in water
Signal reflection, in signal transmission
Elastic scattering, a process in nuclear and particle physi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflection%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, a reflection (also spelled reflexion) is a mapping from a Euclidean space to itself that is an isometry with a hyperplane as a set of fixed points; this set is called the axis (in dimension 2) or plane (in dimension 3) of reflection. The image of a figure by a reflection is its mirror image in the axis ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stabilizer | Stabilizer, stabiliser, stabilisation or stabilization may refer to:
Chemistry and food processing
Stabilizer (chemistry), a substance added to prevent unwanted change in state of another substance
Polymer stabilizers are stabilizers used specifically is plastic or other polymers
Stabilizer (food), a type of food ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformal%20geometry | In mathematics, conformal geometry is the study of the set of angle-preserving (conformal) transformations on a space.
In a real two dimensional space, conformal geometry is precisely the geometry of Riemann surfaces. In space higher than two dimensions, conformal geometry may refer either to the study of conformal t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noncommutative%20geometry | Noncommutative geometry (NCG) is a branch of mathematics concerned with a geometric approach to noncommutative algebras, and with the construction of spaces that are locally presented by noncommutative algebras of functions (possibly in some generalized sense). A noncommutative algebra is an associative algebra in whic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Without%20loss%20of%20generality | Without loss of generality (often abbreviated to WOLOG, WLOG or w.l.o.g.; less commonly stated as without any loss of generality or with no loss of generality) is a frequently used expression in mathematics. The term is used to indicate the assumption that follows is chosen arbitrarily, narrowing the premise to a parti... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technicolor%20%28physics%29 | Technicolor theories are models of physics beyond the Standard Model that address electroweak gauge symmetry breaking, the mechanism through which W and Z bosons acquire masses. Early technicolor theories were modelled on quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the "color" theory of the strong nuclear force, which inspired thei... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field%20theory | Field theory may refer to:
Science
Field (mathematics), the theory of the algebraic concept of field
Field theory (physics), a physical theory which employs fields in the physical sense, consisting of three types:
Classical field theory, the theory and dynamics of classical fields
Quantum field theory, the theory ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instanton | An instanton (or pseudoparticle) is a notion appearing in theoretical and mathematical physics. An instanton is a classical solution to equations of motion with a finite, non-zero action, either in quantum mechanics or in quantum field theory. More precisely, it is a solution to the equations of motion of the classical... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BPS | BPS, Bps or bps may refer to:
Science and mathematics
Plural of bp, base pair, a measure of length of DNA
Plural of bp, basis point, one one-hundredth of a percentage point - ‱
Battered person syndrome, a physical and psychological condition found in victims of abuse
Best practice statement, a qualification of a metho... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Physics%20Olympiad | The International Physics Olympiad (IPhO) is an annual physics competition for high school students. It is one of the International Science Olympiads. The first IPhO was held in Warsaw, Poland in 1967.
Each national delegation is made up of at most five student competitors plus two leaders, selected on a national lev... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erd%C5%91s%E2%80%93Ko%E2%80%93Rado%20theorem | In mathematics, the Erdős–Ko–Rado theorem limits the number of sets in a family of sets for which every two sets have at least one element in common. Paul Erdős, Chao Ko, and Richard Rado proved the theorem in 1938, but did not publish it until 1961. It is part of the field of combinatorics, and one of the central resu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weyl%20group | In mathematics, in particular the theory of Lie algebras, the Weyl group (named after Hermann Weyl) of a root system Φ is a subgroup of the isometry group of that root system. Specifically, it is the subgroup which is generated by reflections through the hyperplanes orthogonal to the roots, and as such is a finite refl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X.509 | In cryptography, X.509 is an International Telecommunication Union (ITU) standard defining the format of public key certificates. X.509 certificates are used in many Internet protocols, including TLS/SSL, which is the basis for HTTPS, the secure protocol for browsing the web. They are also used in offline applications,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web%20of%20trust | In cryptography, a web of trust is a concept used in PGP, GnuPG, and other OpenPGP-compatible systems to establish the authenticity of the binding between a public key and its owner. Its decentralized trust model is an alternative to the centralized trust model of a public key infrastructure (PKI), which relies exclusi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root%20certificate | In cryptography and computer security, a root certificate is a public key certificate that identifies a root certificate authority (CA). Root certificates are self-signed (and it is possible for a certificate to have multiple trust paths, say if the certificate was issued by a root that was cross-signed) and form the b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate%20revocation%20list | In cryptography, a certificate revocation list (or CRL) is "a list of digital certificates that have been revoked by the issuing certificate authority (CA) before their scheduled expiration date and should no longer be trusted". CRLs are no longer required by the CA/Browser forum, as alternate certificate revocation te... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate%20authority | In cryptography, a certificate authority or certification authority (CA) is an entity that stores, signs, and issues digital certificates. A digital certificate certifies the ownership of a public key by the named subject of the certificate. This allows others (relying parties) to rely upon signatures or on assertion... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admittance | In electrical engineering, admittance is a measure of how easily a circuit or device will allow a current to flow. It is defined as the reciprocal of impedance, analogous to how conductance and resistance are defined. The SI unit of admittance is the siemens (symbol S); the older, synonymous unit is mho, and its symbol... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susceptance | In electrical engineering, susceptance () is the imaginary part of admittance (), where the real part is conductance (). The reciprocal of admittance is impedance (), where the imaginary part is reactance () and the real part is resistance (). In SI units, susceptance is measured in siemens (S).
Origin
The term was co... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow%20of%20time | The arrow of time, also called time's arrow, is the concept positing the "one-way direction" or "asymmetry" of time. It was developed in 1927 by the British astrophysicist Arthur Eddington, and is an unsolved general physics question. This direction, according to Eddington, could be determined by studying the organizat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction%20of%20the%20real%20numbers | In mathematics, there are several equivalent ways of defining the real numbers. One of them is that they form a complete ordered field that does not contain any smaller complete ordered field. Such a definition does not prove that such a complete ordered field exists, and the existence proof consists of constructing a ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universe%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, and particularly in set theory, category theory, type theory, and the foundations of mathematics, a universe is a collection that contains all the entities one wishes to consider in a given situation.
In set theory, universes are often classes that contain (as elements) all sets for which one hopes to ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necklace%20problem | The necklace problem is a problem in recreational mathematics concerning the reconstruction of necklaces (cyclic arrangements of binary values) from partial information.
Formulation
The necklace problem involves the reconstruction of a necklace of beads, each of which is either black or white, from partial informati... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coxeter%20group | In mathematics, a Coxeter group, named after H. S. M. Coxeter, is an abstract group that admits a formal description in terms of reflections (or kaleidoscopic mirrors). Indeed, the finite Coxeter groups are precisely the finite Euclidean reflection groups; the symmetry groups of regular polyhedra are an example. Howe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word%20problem%20%28mathematics%20education%29 | In science education, a word problem is a mathematical exercise (such as in a textbook, worksheet, or exam) where significant background information on the problem is presented in ordinary language rather than in mathematical notation. As most word problems involve a narrative of some sort, they are sometimes referred ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack%20vector | In computer security, an attack vector is a specific path, method, or scenario that can be exploited to break into an IT system, thus compromising its security. The term was derived from the corresponding notion of vector in biology. An attack vector may be exploited manually, automatically, or through a combination of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental%20function | In mathematics, a transcendental function is an analytic function that does not satisfy a polynomial equation, in contrast to an algebraic function.
In other words, a transcendental function "transcends" algebra in that it cannot be expressed algebraically using a finite amount of terms.
Examples of transcendental fu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deposition%20%28chemistry%29 | In chemistry, deposition occurs when molecules settle out of a solution.
Deposition can be viewed as a reverse process to dissolution or particle re-entrainment.
See also
Atomic layer deposition
Chemical vapor deposition
Deposition (physics)
Fouling
Physical vapor deposition
Thin-film deposition
Fused filament... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perturbation%20theory%20%28quantum%20mechanics%29 | In quantum mechanics, perturbation theory is a set of approximation schemes directly related to mathematical perturbation for describing a complicated quantum system in terms of a simpler one. The idea is to start with a simple system for which a mathematical solution is known, and add an additional "perturbing" Hamilt... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakthrough%20Propulsion%20Physics%20Program | The Breakthrough Propulsion Physics Project (BPP) was a research project funded by NASA from 1996-2002 to study various proposals for revolutionary methods of spacecraft propulsion that would require breakthroughs in physics before they could be realized. The project ended in 2002, when the Advanced Space Transportatio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryabhata | Aryabhata ( ISO: ) or Aryabhata I (476–550 CE) was the first of the major mathematician-astronomers from the classical age of Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy. His works include the Āryabhaṭīya (which mentions that in 3600 Kali Yuga, 499 CE, he was 23 years old) and the Arya-siddhanta.
For his explicit mention ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmagupta | Brahmagupta ( – ) was an Indian mathematician and astronomer. He is the author of two early works on mathematics and astronomy: the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta (BSS, "correctly established doctrine of Brahma", dated 628), a theoretical treatise, and the Khaṇḍakhādyaka ("edible bite", dated 665), a more practical text.
In ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwinger%20model | In physics, the Schwinger model, named after Julian Schwinger, is the model describing 1+1D (1 spatial dimension + time) Lorentzian quantum electrodynamics which includes electrons, coupled to photons.
The model defines the usual QED Lagrangian
over a spacetime with one spatial dimension and one temporal dimension.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantitative%20genetics | Quantitative genetics deals with quantitative traits, which are phenotypes that vary continuously (such as height or mass)—as opposed to discretely identifiable phenotypes and gene-products (such as eye-colour, or the presence of a particular biochemical).
Both branches use the frequencies of different alleles of a g... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogeography | Phylogeography is the study of the historical processes that may be responsible for the past to present geographic distributions of genealogical lineages. This is accomplished by considering the geographic distribution of individuals in light of genetics, particularly population genetics.
This term was introduced to d... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelfand%E2%80%93Naimark%E2%80%93Segal%20construction | In functional analysis, a discipline within mathematics, given a C*-algebra A, the Gelfand–Naimark–Segal construction establishes a correspondence between cyclic *-representations of A and certain linear functionals on A (called states). The correspondence is shown by an explicit construction of the *-representation ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie%20superalgebra | In mathematics, a Lie superalgebra is a generalisation of a Lie algebra to include a Z2grading. Lie superalgebras are important in theoretical physics where they are used to describe the mathematics of supersymmetry. In most of these theories, the even elements of the superalgebra correspond to bosons and odd elements ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homotopy%20group | In mathematics, homotopy groups are used in algebraic topology to classify topological spaces. The first and simplest homotopy group is the fundamental group, denoted which records information about loops in a space. Intuitively, homotopy groups record information about the basic shape, or holes, of a topological spa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrinking%20generator | In cryptography, the shrinking generator is a form of pseudorandom number generator intended to be used in a stream cipher. It was published in Crypto 1993 by Don Coppersmith, Hugo Krawczyk, and Yishay Mansour.
The shrinking generator uses two linear-feedback shift registers. One, called the sequence, generates outpu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald%20Griffin | Donald Redfield Griffin (August 3, 1915 – November 7, 2003) was an American professor of zoology at various universities who conducted seminal research in animal behavior, animal navigation, acoustic orientation and sensory biophysics. In 1938, while an undergraduate at Harvard University, he began studying the navigat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jensen%27s%20inequality | In mathematics, Jensen's inequality, named after the Danish mathematician Johan Jensen, relates the value of a convex function of an integral to the integral of the convex function. It was proved by Jensen in 1906, building on an earlier proof of the same inequality for doubly-differentiable functions by Otto Hölder in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinification | In physics, the trinification model is a Grand Unified Theory proposed by Alvaro De Rújula, Howard Georgi and Sheldon Glashow in 1984.
Details
It states that the gauge group is either
or
;
and that the fermions form three families, each consisting of the representations: , , and . The L includes a hypothetical rig... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFS | FFS may refer to:
Computing
Feige–Fiat–Shamir identification scheme, in cryptography
Flash file system
Formatted File System
Find first set, a type of bit operation
FreeFileSync, a software package
Amiga Fast File System
Berkeley Fast File System
Music
FFS (band), a rock supergroup of Franz Ferdinand and Spar... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic%20number | Magic number may refer to:
Science and technology
Magic number (chemistry), number of atoms or molecules forming an exceptionally stable cluster
Magic number (physics), the number of nucleons that results in completely filled nuclear shells
Magic number (programming), either a unique identifier or a literal with u... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20A.%20Wagner | David A. Wagner (born 1974) is a professor of computer science at the University of California, Berkeley and a well-known researcher in cryptography and computer security. He is a member of the Election Assistance Commission's Technical Guidelines Development Committee, tasked with assisting the EAC in drafting the Vol... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riblet%20Tramway%20Company | The Riblet Tramway Company of Spokane, Washington, which operated from 1908 to 2003, was once the largest ski chairlift manufacturer in the world.
The company was founded by Byron Christian Riblet, who was born in Osage, Iowa, in 1865 and earned a degree in Civil Engineering. Arriving in Spokane in 1885, his first wor... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, an identity is an equality relating one mathematical expression A to another mathematical expression B, such that A and B (which might contain some variables) produce the same value for all values of the variables within a certain range of validity. In other words, A = B is an identity if A and B define... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmochemistry | Cosmochemistry () or chemical cosmology is the study of the chemical composition of matter in the universe and the processes that led to those compositions. This is done primarily through the study of the chemical composition of meteorites and other physical samples. Given that the asteroid parent bodies of meteorites ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunity%20%28medical%29 | In biology, immunity is the state of being insusceptible or resistant to a noxious agent or process, especially a pathogen or infectious disease. Immunity may occur naturally or be produced by prior exposure or immunization.
Innate and adaptive
The immune system has innate and adaptive components. Innate immunity is... |
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