source
stringlengths
31
207
text
stringlengths
12
1.5k
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20range%20compression
Dynamic range compression (DRC) or simply compression is an audio signal processing operation that reduces the volume of loud sounds or amplifies quiet sounds, thus reducing or compressing an audio signal's dynamic range. Compression is commonly used in sound recording and reproduction, broadcasting, live sound reinfo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECM
ECM may refer to: Economics and commerce Engineering change management Equity capital markets Error correction model, an econometric model European Common Market Mathematics Elliptic curve method European Congress of Mathematics Science and medicine Ectomycorrhiza Electron cloud model Engineered Cellular...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concave%20function
In mathematics, a concave function is the negative of a convex function. A concave function is also synonymously called concave downwards, concave down, convex upwards, convex cap, or upper convex. Definition A real-valued function on an interval (or, more generally, a convex set in vector space) is said to be concav...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SciPy
SciPy (pronounced "sigh pie") is a free and open-source Python library used for scientific computing and technical computing. SciPy contains modules for optimization, linear algebra, integration, interpolation, special functions, FFT, signal and image processing, ODE solvers and other tasks common in science and engi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deviation
Deviation may refer to: Mathematics and engineering Allowance (engineering), an engineering and machining allowance is a planned deviation between an actual dimension and a nominal or theoretical dimension, or between an intermediate-stage dimension and an intended final dimension. Deviation (statistics), the differ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential%20operator
In mathematics, a differential operator is an operator defined as a function of the differentiation operator. It is helpful, as a matter of notation first, to consider differentiation as an abstract operation that accepts a function and returns another function (in the style of a higher-order function in computer scien...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Tufte
Edward Rolf Tufte (; born March 14, 1942), sometimes known as "ET", is an American statistician and professor emeritus of political science, statistics, and computer science at Yale University. He is noted for his writings on information design and as a pioneer in the field of data visualization. Biography Edward Rol...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedean%20group
In abstract algebra, a branch of mathematics, an Archimedean group is a linearly ordered group for which the Archimedean property holds: every two positive group elements are bounded by integer multiples of each other. The set R of real numbers together with the operation of addition and the usual ordering relation bet...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero%20of%20a%20function
In mathematics, a zero (also sometimes called a root) of a real-, complex-, or generally vector-valued function , is a member of the domain of such that vanishes at ; that is, the function attains the value of 0 at , or equivalently, is the solution to the equation . A "zero" of a function is thus an input value t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850%20in%20science
The year 1850 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Biology May 25 – The young Hippopotamous Obaysch arrives at London Zoo from Egypt, the first seen in Europe since Roman times. Rewilding of Ascension Island begins. Chemistry October 17 – James Young patents a method of distill...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1824%20in%20science
The year 1824 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Astronomy Franz von Paula Gruithuisen explains the formation of craters on the Moon as a result of meteorite impacts. William Pearson publishes An Introduction to Practical Astronomy. Biology John Curtis begins publication of B...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881%20in%20science
The year 1881 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Astronomy 22 May – John Tebbutt discover the long-period comet, C/1881 K1 (also known as the Great Comet of 1881, Comet Tebbutt, 1881 III, 1881b). Biology October – Charles Darwin publishes his last scientific book The Formation...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax%20error
In computer science, a syntax error is an error in the syntax of a sequence of characters or tokens that is intended to be written in a particular programming language. For compiled languages, syntax errors are detected at compile-time. A program will not compile until all syntax errors are corrected. For interpreted ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Size%20%28disambiguation%29
Size is the concept of how big or small something is. It may also refer to: In statistics (hypothesis testing), the size of the test refers to the rate of false positives, denoted by α File size, in computing Magnitude (mathematics), magnitude or size of a mathematical object Magnitude of brightness or intensity o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Oregon
The University of Oregon (UO, U of O or Oregon) is a public research university in Eugene, Oregon. Founded in 1876, the university also has two Portland locations, one in Downtown and one in Northeast; a marine station, called the Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, in Charleston; and an observatory, called Pine Mounta...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812%20in%20science
The year 1812 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Chemistry Humphry Davy publishes Elements of Chemical Philosophy in London. John Davy first describes the synthesis of phosgene. Friedrich Mohs introduces his system of classifying minerals and his scale of mineral hardness. H...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomerization
In chemistry, isomerization or isomerisation is the process in which a molecule, polyatomic ion or molecular fragment is transformed into an isomer with a different chemical structure. Enolization is an example of isomerization, as is tautomerization. When the isomerization occurs intramolecularly it may be called a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20science%20%28disambiguation%29
Computer Science and Computer Sciences can refer to: The general field of computer science Computer Sciences Corporation, the predecessor of DXC Technology Computer Science (journal), a peer-reviewed scientific journal Computer Science (UIL), a University Interscholastic League academic event
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosh
Cosh may refer to: People Chris Cosh (born 1959), American football coach John Cosh (1915–2005), British rheumatologist Science, technology, and mathematics cosh (mathematical function), hyperbolic cosine, a mathematical function with notation cosh(x) -COSH, a representation of the thiocarboxylic acid functional ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1727%20in%20science
The year 1727 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy Maharaja Jai Singh II begins construction of the Jantar Mantar observatory at Jaipur. Biology Rev. Stephen Hales publishes Vegetable Staticks, containing an account of key experiments in plant physiology; and makes the first measure...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934%20in%20science
The year 1934 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Astronomy Richard Tolman shows that black-body radiation in an expanding universe cools but remains thermal. Georges Lemaître interprets the cosmological constant as due to a vacuum energy with an unusual perfect fluid equation o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative%20anatomy
Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species. It is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny (the evolution of species). The science began in the classical era, continuing in the early modern period with work by Pierre Belon who noted the similaritie...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dactyly
In biology, dactyly is the arrangement of digits (fingers and toes) on the hands, feet, or sometimes wings of a tetrapod animal. It comes from the Greek word () = "finger". Sometimes the ending "-dactylia" is used. The derived adjectives end with "-dactyl" or "-dactylous". As a normal feature Pentadactyly Pentadac...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSV
RSV may refer to: Biology and medicine Respiratory syncytial virus, causing respiratory disease Rous sarcoma virus, causing cancer in chickens Organisations Royal Society of Victoria, a scientific society in Australia RSV Media Center, a Belize broadcaster Rijn-Schelde-Verolme, a former Dutch shipbuilder Trans...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CX
CX or Cx may refer to: Businesses and organizations Cathay Pacific, a Hong Kong airline (IATA code CX) Cemex, a Mexican building materials supply company (New York Stock Exchange symbol "CX") Connex Melbourne, a former Australian train operator Fuji TV, or CX, a Japanese television network Science and technology ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Breen
James William Breen (born 1947) is a Research Fellow at Monash University in Australia, where he was a professor in the area of IT and telecommunications before his retirement in 2003. He holds a BSc in mathematics, an MBA and a PhD in computational linguistics, all from the University of Melbourne. He is well known fo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo%27s%20ship
Galileo's ship refers to two physics experiments, a thought experiment and an actual experiment, by Galileo Galilei, the 16th- and 17th-century physicist and astronomer. The experiments were created to argue the idea of a rotating Earth as opposed to a stationary Earth around which rotated the Sun, planets, and stars. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinc%20filter
In signal processing, a sinc filter can refer to either a sinc-in-time filter whose impulse response is a sinc function and whose frequency response is rectangular, or to a sinc-in-frequency filter whose impulse response is rectangular and whose frequency response is a sinc function. Calling them according to which dom...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RoboCup
RoboCup is an annual international robotics competition founded in 1996 by a group of university professors (including Hiroaki Kitano, Manuela M. Veloso, and Minoru Asada). The aim of the competition is to promote robotics and AI research by offering a publicly appealing – but formidable – challenge. The name RoboCup ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSA
PSA, PsA, Psa, or psa may refer to: Biology and medicine Posterior spinal artery Primary systemic amyloidosis, a disease caused by the accumulation of abnormal proteins Prostate-specific antigen, an enzyme used as a blood tracer for prostate cancer Psoriatic arthritis (PsA), an inflammatory disease Pseudomonas ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arachidonic%20acid
Arachidonic acid (AA, sometimes ARA) is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid 20:4(ω-6), or 20:4(5,8,11,14). It is structurally related to the saturated arachidic acid found in cupuaçu butter. Its name derives from the Neo-Latin word arachis (peanut), but peanut oil does not contain any arachidonic acid. Chemistry I...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary%20computation
In computer science, evolutionary computation is a family of algorithms for global optimization inspired by biological evolution, and the subfield of artificial intelligence and soft computing studying these algorithms. In technical terms, they are a family of population-based trial and error problem solvers with a met...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y-%CE%94%20transform
In electrical engineering, the Y-Δ transform, also written wye-delta and also known by many other names, is a mathematical technique to simplify the analysis of an electrical network. The name derives from the shapes of the circuit diagrams, which look respectively like the letter Y and the Greek capital letter Δ. This...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect%20hash%20function
In computer science, a perfect hash function for a set is a hash function that maps distinct elements in to a set of integers, with no collisions. In mathematical terms, it is an injective function. Perfect hash functions may be used to implement a lookup table with constant worst-case access time. A perfect hash ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifford%20A.%20Pickover
Clifford Alan Pickover (born August 15, 1957) is an American author, editor, and columnist in the fields of science, mathematics, science fiction, innovation, and creativity. For many years, he was employed at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown, New York, where he was editor-in-chief of the IBM Journa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anhydrous
A substance is anhydrous if it contains no water. Many processes in chemistry can be impeded by the presence of water; therefore, it is important that water-free reagents and techniques are used. In practice, however, it is very difficult to achieve perfect dryness; anhydrous compounds gradually absorb water from the a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%20New%20Sciences
The Discourses and Mathematical Demonstrations Relating to Two New Sciences ( ) published in 1638 was Galileo Galilei's final book and a scientific testament covering much of his work in physics over the preceding thirty years. It was written partly in Italian and partly in Latin. After his Dialogue Concerning the Two...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elasticity%20%28physics%29
In physics and materials science, elasticity is the ability of a body to resist a distorting influence and to return to its original size and shape when that influence or force is removed. Solid objects will deform when adequate loads are applied to them; if the material is elastic, the object will return to its initia...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autopoiesis
The term autopoiesis () refers to a system capable of producing and maintaining itself by creating its own parts. The term was introduced in the 1972 publication Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Living by Chilean biologists Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela to define the self-maintaining chemistr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian%20Schwinger
Julian Seymour Schwinger (; February 12, 1918 – July 16, 1994) was a Nobel Prize-winning American theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work on quantum electrodynamics (QED), in particular for developing a relativistically invariant perturbation theory, and for renormalizing QED to one loop order. Schwinger w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ineffable%20cardinal
In the mathematics of transfinite numbers, an ineffable cardinal is a certain kind of large cardinal number, introduced by . In the following definitions, will always be a regular uncountable cardinal number. A cardinal number is called almost ineffable if for every (where is the powerset of ) with the property t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal%20verification
In the context of hardware and software systems, formal verification is the act of proving or disproving the correctness of a system with respect to a certain formal specification or property, using formal methods of mathematics. Formal verification is a key incentive for formal specification of systems, and is at the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LK
LK or lk may refer to: Businesses and organizations Air Luxor, IATA airline code Marking of Latin Kings (gang) Luckin Coffee, Chinese coffee house chain (former NASDAQ ticker lk) Science and technology System LK, in mathematics, the classical sequent calculus LK (spacecraft), a Soviet lunar lander Other uses L...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermite%20spline
In the mathematical subfield of numerical analysis, a Hermite spline is a spline curve where each polynomial of the spline is in Hermite form. See also Cubic Hermite spline Hermite polynomials Hermite interpolation Splines (mathematics) Interpolation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%20methyltransferase
In biochemistry, the DNA methyltransferase (DNA MTase, DNMT) family of enzymes catalyze the transfer of a methyl group to DNA. DNA methylation serves a wide variety of biological functions. All the known DNA methyltransferases use S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) as the methyl donor. Classification Substrate MTases can b...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonance%20%28chemistry%29
In chemistry, resonance, also called mesomerism, is a way of describing bonding in certain molecules or polyatomic ions by the combination of several contributing structures (or forms, also variously known as resonance structures or canonical structures) into a resonance hybrid (or hybrid structure) in valence bond the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Kelly%20%28weapons%20expert%29
David Christopher Kelly (14 May 1944 – 17 July 2003) was a Welsh scientist and authority on biological warfare (BW). A former head of the Defence Microbiology Division working at Porton Down, Kelly was part of a joint US-UK team that inspected civilian biotechnology facilities in Russia in the early 1990s and conclude...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20neuroscience
Computational neuroscience (also known as theoretical neuroscience or mathematical neuroscience) is a branch of neuroscience which employs mathematics, computer science, theoretical analysis and abstractions of the brain to understand the principles that govern the development, structure, physiology and cognitive abili...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near%20field
Near field may refer to: Near-field (mathematics), an algebraic structure Near-field region, part of an electromagnetic field Near field (electromagnetism) Magnetoquasistatic field, the magnetic component of the electromagnetic near field Near-field communication (NFC) using the magnetic component of the electrom...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Biruni
Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni (; ) (973after 1050), known as al-Biruni, was a Khwarazmian Iranian scholar and polymath during the Islamic Golden Age. He has been called variously the "founder of Indology", "Father of Comparative Religion", "Father of modern geodesy", and the first anthropologist. Al-Biruni ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly%20compact%20cardinal
In mathematics, a weakly compact cardinal is a certain kind of cardinal number introduced by ; weakly compact cardinals are large cardinals, meaning that their existence cannot be proven from the standard axioms of set theory. (Tarski originally called them "not strongly incompact" cardinals.) Formally, a cardinal κ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20rerum%20natura
(; On the Nature of Things) is a first-century BC didactic poem by the Roman poet and philosopher Lucretius () with the goal of explaining Epicurean philosophy to a Roman audience. The poem, written in some 7,400 dactylic hexameters, is divided into six untitled books, and explores Epicurean physics through poetic lang...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TPO
TPO may refer to: Arts Taipei Philharmonic Orchestra Thailand Philharmonic Orchestra Tin Pot Operation, an indie-punk band from Belfast, Northern Ireland Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra Biology and medicine the temporo-parieto-occipital junction of the brain thyroid peroxidase (or thyroperoxidase), an enzyme in the thyr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apical
Apical means "pertaining to an apex". It may refer to: Apical ancestor, refers to the last common ancestor of an entire group, such as a species (biology) or a clan (anthropology) Apical (anatomy), an anatomical term of location for features located opposite the base of an organism or structure Apical (chemistry), a p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCE
PCE may stand for: Business and economics Personal consumption expenditure, or private consumption expenditure Personal consumption expenditures price index, a measure of inflation Chemistry and engineering PCE or eticyclidine, an illegal drug related to Phencyclidine (PCP) Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene)...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weber%E2%80%93Fechner%20law
The Weber–Fechner laws are two related hypotheses in the field of psychophysics, known as Weber's law and Fechner's law. Both laws relate to human perception, more specifically the relation between the actual change in a physical stimulus and the perceived change. This includes stimuli to all senses: vision, hearing, t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack%20%28abstract%20data%20type%29
In computer science, a stack is an abstract data type that serves as a collection of elements, with two main operations: Push, which adds an element to the collection, and Pop, which removes the most recently added element that was not yet removed. Additionally, a peek operation can, without modifying the stack, retu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consistency%20model
In computer science, a consistency model specifies a contract between the programmer and a system, wherein the system guarantees that if the programmer follows the rules for operations on memory, memory will be consistent and the results of reading, writing, or updating memory will be predictable. Consistency models ar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertebrate%20paleontology
Invertebrate paleontology (also spelled invertebrate palaeontology) is sometimes described as invertebrate paleozoology or invertebrate paleobiology. Whether it is considered to be a subfield of paleontology, paleozoology, or paleobiology, this discipline is the scientific study of prehistoric invertebrates by analyzin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moiety
Moiety may refer to: Anthropology Moiety (kinship), either of two groups into which a society is divided A division of society in the Iroiquois societal structure in North America An Australian Aboriginal kinship group Native Hawaiian realm ruled by a mo'i or an ali'i Chemistry Moiety (chemistry), a part or fun...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl%20group
In organic chemistry, an ethyl group (abbr. Et) is an alkyl substituent with the formula , derived from ethane (). Ethyl is used in the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry's nomenclature of organic chemistry for a saturated two-carbon moiety in a molecule, while the prefix "eth-" is used to indicate the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromide%20%28disambiguation%29
Bromide can refer to: In chemistry Bromide, the anion of bromine, or any ionic salt containing bromide as the only anion, or (as a common name) any covalent compound containing bromine in the -1 oxidation state. Potassium bromide, an anticonvulsant and sedative (most pharmacologic information is here). Sodium bromi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bananaquit
The bananaquit (Coereba flaveola) is a species of passerine bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. Before the development of molecular genetics in the 21st century, its relationship to other species was uncertain and it was either placed with the buntings and New World sparrows in the family Emberizidae, with New World...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building%20%28mathematics%29
In mathematics, a building (also Tits building, named after Jacques Tits) is a combinatorial and geometric structure which simultaneously generalizes certain aspects of flag manifolds, finite projective planes, and Riemannian symmetric spaces. Buildings were initially introduced by Jacques Tits as a means to understan...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Rosen%20%28biologist%29
Robert Rosen (June 27, 1934 – December 28, 1998) was an American theoretical biologist and Professor of Biophysics at Dalhousie University. Career Rosen was born on June 27, 1934, in Brownsville (a section of Brooklyn), in New York City. He studied biology, mathematics, physics, philosophy, and history; particularly, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20N%C3%A4geli
Carl Wilhelm von Nägeli (26 or 27 March 1817 – 10 May 1891) was a Swiss botanist. He studied cell division and pollination but became known as the man who discouraged Gregor Mendel from further work on genetics. He rejected natural selection as a mechanism of evolution, favouring orthogenesis driven by a supposed "inne...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rexhep%20Meidani
Rexhep Qemal Meidani (; born on 17 August 1944) is an Albanian physicist, professor, diplomat and politician. Meidani was the president of Albania from 1997 to 2002, and the second to be elected after the first multi-party elections in 1991. Education and work in academia Meidani earned a degree in physics from the F...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemodynamics
Hemodynamics or haemodynamics are the dynamics of blood flow. The circulatory system is controlled by homeostatic mechanisms of autoregulation, just as hydraulic circuits are controlled by control systems. The hemodynamic response continuously monitors and adjusts to conditions in the body and its environment. Hemodyna...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realm%20%28disambiguation%29
A realm is the dominion of a king or queen; a kingdom. Realm may also more broadly refer to everything which falls within a certain set of parameters. Realm may also refer to: Maths and science biogeographic realm, the largest scale bio-geographic division of the Earth's surface A hyperplane in geometry Domain (...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethical%20calculus
An ethical calculus is the application of mathematics to calculate issues in ethics. Scope Generally, ethical calculus refers to any method of determining a course of action in a circumstance that is not explicitly evaluated in one's ethical code. A formal philosophy of ethical calculus is a development in the study ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control%20system
A control system manages, commands, directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems using control loops. It can range from a single home heating controller using a thermostat controlling a domestic boiler to large industrial control systems which are used for controlling processes or machines. The contro...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geophysical%20survey%20%28archaeology%29
In archaeology, geophysical survey is ground-based physical sensing techniques used for archaeological imaging or mapping. Remote sensing and marine surveys are also used in archaeology, but are generally considered separate disciplines. Other terms, such as "geophysical prospection" and "archaeological geophysics" are...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precedence
Precedence may refer to: Message precedence of military communications traffic Order of precedence, the ceremonial hierarchy within a nation or state Precedence (mathematics) for defining the order of operations in a computation Precedence Entertainment, a defunct American game publisher Precedence (solitaire),...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Wilczek
Frank Anthony Wilczek ( or ; born May 15, 1951) is an American theoretical physicist, mathematician and Nobel laureate. He is currently the Herman Feshbach Professor of Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Founding Director of T. D. Lee Institute and Chief Scientist at the Wilczek Quantum Cente...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deconvolution
In mathematics, deconvolution is the operation inverse to convolution. Both operations are used in signal processing and image processing. For example, it may be possible to recover the original signal after a filter (convolution) by using a deconvolution method with a certain degree of accuracy. Due to the measurement...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMF
CMF, a three letter abbreviation, may stand for: Entertainment Campus MovieFest, the world's largest student film festival Chern Medal Foundation, an organization that bestows the Chern Medal Award in mathematics Military Central Mediterranean Forces, the British component of the Mediterranean theatre of World War...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal
In signal processing, a signal is a function that conveys information about a phenomenon. Any quantity that can vary over space or time can be used as a signal to share messages between observers. The IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing includes audio, video, speech, image, sonar, and radar as examples of signals. A...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring%20modulation
In electronics, ring modulation is a signal processing function, an implementation of frequency mixing, in which two signals are combined to yield an output signal. One signal, called the carrier, is typically a sine wave or another simple waveform; the other signal is typically more complicated and is called the input...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symyx%20Technologies
Symyx Technologies, Inc. was a company that specialized in informatics and automation products. Symyx provided software solutions for scientific research, including Enterprise Laboratory Notebooks and products for combinatorial chemistry. The software part of the business became part of Accelrys, Inc. in 2010 and then ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor%20Wulf
Theodor Wulf (28 July 1868 – 19 June 1946) was a German physicist and Jesuit priest who was one of the first experimenters to detect excess atmospheric radiation. Theodor Wulf became a Jesuit priest at the age of 20, before studying physics with Walther Nernst at the University of Göttingen. He taught physics at Valke...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range%20of%20a%20function
In mathematics, the range of a function may refer to either of two closely related concepts: The codomain of the function The image of the function Given two sets and , a binary relation between and is a (total) function (from to ) if for every in there is exactly one in such that relates to . The sets ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar%20concentration
Molar concentration (also called molarity, amount concentration or substance concentration) is a measure of the concentration of a chemical species, in particular, of a solute in a solution, in terms of amount of substance per unit volume of solution. In chemistry, the most commonly used unit for molarity is the number...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Wulf
William Allan Wulf (December 8, 1939 – March 10, 2023) was an American computer scientist notable for his work in programming languages and compilers. Early life and education Born in Chicago, Wulf attended the University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, receiving a Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in engineering physics in 1...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-scale%20calculus
In mathematics, time-scale calculus is a unification of the theory of difference equations with that of differential equations, unifying integral and differential calculus with the calculus of finite differences, offering a formalism for studying hybrid systems. It has applications in any field that requires simultane...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MF
MF or mf may refer to: Biology Mossy fiber (disambiguation), in neuroscience Mycosis fungoides, a type of skin disease Myelofibrosis, a chronic clonal malignant disease Microfibril rosettes, the sites of cellulose microfibril synthesis in plants Companies and organizations MF Dow Jones News, an Italian financial...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module%20%28mathematics%29
In mathematics, a module is a generalization of the notion of vector space in which the field of scalars is replaced by a ring. The concept of module generalizes also the notion of abelian group, since the abelian groups are exactly the modules over the ring of integers. Like a vector space, a module is an additive ab...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polariton
In physics, polaritons are quasiparticles resulting from strong coupling of electromagnetic waves with an electric or magnetic dipole-carrying excitation. They are an expression of the common quantum phenomenon known as level repulsion, also known as the avoided crossing principle. Polaritons describe the crossing of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector%20bundle
In mathematics, a vector bundle is a topological construction that makes precise the idea of a family of vector spaces parameterized by another space (for example could be a topological space, a manifold, or an algebraic variety): to every point of the space we associate (or "attach") a vector space in such a way ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber%20bundle
In mathematics, and particularly topology, a fiber bundle (or, in Commonwealth English: fibre bundle) is a space that is a product space, but may have a different topological structure. Specifically, the similarity between a space and a product space is defined using a continuous surjective map, that in small regi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subhash%20Kak
Subhash Kak is an Indian-American computer scientist and historical revisionist. He is the Regents Professor of Computer Science Department at Oklahoma State University–Stillwater, an honorary visiting professor of engineering at Jawaharlal Nehru University, and a member of the Indian Prime Minister's Science, Technolo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimal%20surface
In mathematics, a minimal surface is a surface that locally minimizes its area. This is equivalent to having zero mean curvature (see definitions below). The term "minimal surface" is used because these surfaces originally arose as surfaces that minimized total surface area subject to some constraint. Physical models ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP%20%28disambiguation%29
SAP is a German multinational enterprise-software company. SAP may also refer to: Biology and medicine Serum amyloid P component, the serum form of a human protein that forms amyloids Shrimp alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme used in research SLAM-associated protein, a signaling lymphocytic activation molecule Selec...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniqueness%20quantification
In mathematics and logic, the term "uniqueness" refers to the property of being the one and only object satisfying a certain condition. This sort of quantification is known as uniqueness quantification or unique existential quantification, and is often denoted with the symbols "∃!" or "∃=1". For example, the formal sta...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alopex
Alopex may refer to: Alopex lagopus, a taxonomic synonym for the Arctic fox, Vulpes lagopus ALOPEX a correlation-based machine learning algorithm Alopex (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles), a character in the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles franchise Alopex () ancient Greek for fox
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torricelli
Torricelli may refer to: People with the surname Evangelista Torricelli (1608–1647), Italian physicist and mathematician Robert Torricelli (born 1951), United States politician Moreno Torricelli (born 1970), Italian football player Giuseppe Antonio Torricelli (1662–1719), Italian sculptor Science Torricelli's la...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fock%20state
In quantum mechanics, a Fock state or number state is a quantum state that is an element of a Fock space with a well-defined number of particles (or quanta). These states are named after the Soviet physicist Vladimir Fock. Fock states play an important role in the second quantization formulation of quantum mechanics. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root%20system
In mathematics, a root system is a configuration of vectors in a Euclidean space satisfying certain geometrical properties. The concept is fundamental in the theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras, especially the classification and representation theory of semisimple Lie algebras. Since Lie groups (and some analogues su...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical%20notation
Mathematical notation consists of using symbols for representing operations, unspecified numbers, relations, and any other mathematical objects and assembling them into expressions and formulas. Mathematical notation is widely used in mathematics, science, and engineering for representing complex concepts and propertie...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherent%20state
In physics, specifically in quantum mechanics, a coherent state is the specific quantum state of the quantum harmonic oscillator, often described as a state which has dynamics most closely resembling the oscillatory behavior of a classical harmonic oscillator. It was the first example of quantum dynamics when Erwin Sch...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evagrius
Evagrius or Euagrius may refer to: People Evagrius of Constantinople (fourth century), bishop of Constantinople (circa 370–380) Evagrius of Antioch, bishop of Antioch (388-392) Evagrius Ponticus (346–399), Christian mystic Evagrius Scholasticus (sixth century), historian Biology Evagrius, a junior synonym of Elasmo...