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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cullen%20number
In mathematics, a Cullen number is a member of the integer sequence (where is a natural number). Cullen numbers were first studied by James Cullen in 1905. The numbers are special cases of Proth numbers. Properties In 1976 Christopher Hooley showed that the natural density of positive integers for which Cn is a pr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasiperfect%20number
In mathematics, a quasiperfect number is a natural number n for which the sum of all its divisors (the divisor function σ(n)) is equal to 2n + 1. Equivalently, n is the sum of its non-trivial divisors (that is, its divisors excluding 1 and n). No quasiperfect numbers have been found so far. The quasiperfect numbers ar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osborne%20Reynolds
Osborne Reynolds (23 August 1842 – 21 February 1912) was an Irish-born innovator in the understanding of fluid dynamics. Separately, his studies of heat transfer between solids and fluids brought improvements in boiler and condenser design. He spent his entire career at what is now the University of Manchester. Life ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riesel%20number
In mathematics, a Riesel number is an odd natural number k for which is composite for all natural numbers n . In other words, when k is a Riesel number, all members of the following set are composite: If the form is instead , then k is a Sierpinski number. Riesel problem In 1956, Hans Riesel showed that there are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan%20Haack
Susan Haack (born 1945) is a distinguished professor in the humanities, Cooper Senior Scholar in Arts and Sciences, professor of philosophy, and professor of law at the University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida. Haack has written on logic, the philosophy of language, epistemology, and metaphysics. Her pragmatism fo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Berry%20%28physicist%29
Sir Michael Victor Berry, (born 14 March 1941), is a mathematical physicist at the University of Bristol, England. He is known for the Berry phase, a phenomenon observed e.g. in quantum mechanics and optics, as well as Berry connection and curvature. He specialises in semiclassical physics (asymptotic physics, quant...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almost%20perfect%20number
In mathematics, an almost perfect number (sometimes also called slightly defective or least deficient number) is a natural number n such that the sum of all divisors of n (the sum-of-divisors function σ(n)) is equal to 2n − 1, the sum of all proper divisors of n, s(n) = σ(n) − n, then being equal to n − 1. The only kno...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airport%20code
Airport code may refer to: International Air Transport Association airport code, a three-letter code which is used in passenger reservation, ticketing, and baggage-handling systems International Civil Aviation Organization airport code, a four-letter code which is used by air-traffic control systems and for airports t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20biology
The history of biology traces the study of the living world from ancient to modern times. Although the concept of biology as a single coherent field arose in the 19th century, the biological sciences emerged from traditions of medicine and natural history reaching back to Ayurveda, ancient Egyptian medicine and the wor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native%20state
In biochemistry, the native state of a protein or nucleic acid is its properly folded and/or assembled form, which is operative and functional. The native state of a biomolecule may possess all four levels of biomolecular structure, with the secondary through quaternary structure being formed from weak interactions alo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random%20coil
In polymer chemistry, a random coil is a conformation of polymers where the monomer subunits are oriented randomly while still being bonded to adjacent units. It is not one specific shape, but a statistical distribution of shapes for all the chains in a population of macromolecules. The conformation's name is derived f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysics%20of%20presence
Metaphysics of presence is a view that holds the entire history of Western philosophy with its language and traditions has emphasized the desire for immediate access to meaning, based on privileging Presence over Absence. Overview In Being and Time (1927; transl. 1962), Martin Heidegger argues that the concept of time...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric%20phase
In classical and quantum mechanics, geometric phase is a phase difference acquired over the course of a cycle, when a system is subjected to cyclic adiabatic processes, which results from the geometrical properties of the parameter space of the Hamiltonian. The phenomenon was independently discovered by S. Pancharatnam...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crowding%20out
Crowding out can refer to: Crowding out (biology) Crowding out (economics), concerning government intervention Motivation crowding theory, in psychology and microeconomics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Cheng%20Kung%20University
National Cheng Kung University (NCKU; ) is a public research university located in Tainan, Taiwan. The university is best known for engineering, computer science, medicine, and design programs. As a top university in Taiwan, NCKU has played a vital role in creating the Taiwan Miracle by helping Taiwan to transform fro...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical%20computer%20science
Theoretical computer science (TCS) is a subset of general computer science and mathematics that focuses on mathematical aspects of computer science such as the theory of computation, formal language theory, the lambda calculus and type theory. It is difficult to circumscribe the theoretical areas precisely. The ACM's ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regularization
Regularization may refer to: Regularization (linguistics) Regularization (mathematics) Regularization (physics) Regularization (solid modeling) Regularization Law, an Israeli law intended to retroactively legalize settlements See also Matrix regularization
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newman%E2%80%93Shanks%E2%80%93Williams%20prime
In mathematics, a Newman–Shanks–Williams prime (NSW prime) is a prime number p which can be written in the form NSW primes were first described by Morris Newman, Daniel Shanks and Hugh C. Williams in 1981 during the study of finite simple groups with square order. The first few NSW primes are 7, 41, 239, 9369319, 630...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrodactylus
Chondrodactylus is genus of geckos, lizards in the family Gekkonidae. The genus is commonly known as thick-toed geckos. Little is known of their biology. Species and subspecies The following species and subspecies are recognized as being valid. Chondrodactylus angulifer – common giant ground gecko Chondrodactylus an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curie%20Institute%20%28Paris%29
Institut Curie is a medical, biological and biophysical research centre in France. It is a private non-profit foundation operating a research center on biophysics, cell biology and oncology and a hospital specialized in treatment of cancer. It is located in Paris, France. Institut Curie is member of EU-LIFE, an allia...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPCI%20Paris
ESPCI Paris (officially the École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la Ville de Paris; The City of Paris Industrial Physics and Chemistry Higher Educational Institution) is a prestigious grande école founded in 1882 by the city of Paris, France. It educates undergraduate and graduate students in phys...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric%20Joliot-Curie
Jean Frédéric Joliot-Curie (; ; 19 March 1900 – 14 August 1958) was a French physicist and husband of Irène Joliot-Curie, with whom he was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935 for their discovery of induced radioactivity. They were the second ever married couple, after his wife's parents, to win the Nob...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isadore%20Singer
Isadore Manuel Singer (May 3, 1924 – February 11, 2021) was an American mathematician. He was an Emeritus Institute Professor in the Department of Mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a Professor Emeritus of Mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley. Singer is noted for his work wit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial%20engineering
Financial engineering is a multidisciplinary field involving financial theory, methods of engineering, tools of mathematics and the practice of programming. It has also been defined as the application of technical methods, especially from mathematical finance and computational finance, in the practice of finance. Fina...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine%20wave
A sine wave, sinusoidal wave, or sinusoid (symbol: ∿) is a periodic wave whose waveform (shape) is the trigonometric sine function. In mechanics, as a linear motion over time, this is simple harmonic motion; as rotation, it corresponds to uniform circular motion. Sine waves occur often in physics, including wind waves...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie
Eddie or Eddy may refer to: Science and technology Eddy (fluid dynamics), the swirling of a fluid and the reverse current created when the fluid flows past an obstacle Eddie (text editor), a text editor originally for BeOS and now ported to Linux and Mac OS X Arts and entertainment Eddie (film), a 1996 film about bas...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporadic%20group
In mathematics, a sporadic group is one of the 26 exceptional groups found in the classification of finite simple groups. A simple group is a group G that does not have any normal subgroups except for the trivial group and G itself. The classification theorem states that the list of finite simple groups consists of 18...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimonster%20group
In mathematics, the bimonster is a group that is the wreath product of the monster group M with Z2: The Bimonster is also a quotient of the Coxeter group corresponding to the Dynkin diagram Y555, a Y-shaped graph with 16 nodes: John H. Conway conjectured that a presentation of the bimonster could be given by addin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnomathematics
In mathematics education, ethnomathematics is the study of the relationship between mathematics and culture. Often associated with "cultures without written expression", it may also be defined as "the mathematics which is practised among identifiable cultural groups". It refers to a broad cluster of ideas ranging from ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular%20group
In mathematics, the modular group is the projective special linear group of matrices with integer coefficients and determinant 1. The matrices and are identified. The modular group acts on the upper-half of the complex plane by fractional linear transformations, and the name "modular group" comes from the relation...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain%20theory
Domain theory is a branch of mathematics that studies special kinds of partially ordered sets (posets) commonly called domains. Consequently, domain theory can be considered as a branch of order theory. The field has major applications in computer science, where it is used to specify denotational semantics, especially ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel%20Tarde
Gabriel Tarde (; in full Jean-Gabriel De Tarde; 12 March 1843 – 13 May 1904) was a French sociologist, criminologist and social psychologist who conceived sociology as based on small psychological interactions among individuals (much as if it were chemistry), the fundamental forces being imitation and innovation. Life...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servomechanism
In mechanical engineering and control engineering, a servomechanism (also called a servo (to be differentiated from a servomotor, which may also be called "servo") or a servo system) is a control system for the position and its time derivatives (for example, velocity) of a mechanical system using closed-loop control to...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Successor%20function
In mathematics, the successor function or successor operation sends a natural number to the next one. The successor function is denoted by S, so S(n) = n +1. For example, S(1) = 2 and S(2) = 3. The successor function is one of the basic components used to build a primitive recursive function. Successor operations are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopf%20algebra
In mathematics, a Hopf algebra, named after Heinz Hopf, is a structure that is simultaneously an (unital associative) algebra and a (counital coassociative) coalgebra, with these structures' compatibility making it a bialgebra, and that moreover is equipped with an antiautomorphism satisfying a certain property. The re...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenomenalism
In metaphysics, phenomenalism is the view that physical objects cannot justifiably be said to exist in themselves, but only as perceptual phenomena or sensory stimuli (e.g. redness, hardness, softness, sweetness, etc.) situated in time and in space. In particular, some forms of phenomenalism reduce all talk about physi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucas%E2%80%93Lehmer%20primality%20test
In mathematics, the Lucas–Lehmer test (LLT) is a primality test for Mersenne numbers. The test was originally developed by Édouard Lucas in 1878 and subsequently proved by Derrick Henry Lehmer in 1930. The test The Lucas–Lehmer test works as follows. Let Mp = 2p − 1 be the Mersenne number to test with p an odd prime. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary%20of%20graph%20theory
This is a glossary of graph theory. Graph theory is the study of graphs, systems of nodes or vertices connected in pairs by lines or edges. Symbols A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q R S T U V W See also List of graph theory topics Gallery of named graphs Graph algorithms Glossary of areas of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph%20%28discrete%20mathematics%29
In discrete mathematics, and more specifically in graph theory, a graph is a structure amounting to a set of objects in which some pairs of the objects are in some sense "related". The objects correspond to mathematical abstractions called vertices (also called nodes or points) and each of the related pairs of vertices...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph%20drawing
Graph drawing is an area of mathematics and computer science combining methods from geometric graph theory and information visualization to derive two-dimensional depictions of graphs arising from applications such as social network analysis, cartography, linguistics, and bioinformatics. A drawing of a graph or networ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GC
GC may stand for: Computing Garbage collection (computer science), a form of automatic memory management GenerativeComponents, computer-aided design software Global Catalog, a global listing of all objects in an Active Directory forest General Category of a Unicode symbol, see Unicode character property#General Ca...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extendible%20cardinal
In mathematics, extendible cardinals are large cardinals introduced by , who was partly motivated by reflection principles. Intuitively, such a cardinal represents a point beyond which initial pieces of the universe of sets start to look similar, in the sense that each is elementarily embeddable into a later one. Def...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoperimetric%20inequality
In mathematics, the isoperimetric inequality is a geometric inequality involving the perimeter of a set and its volume. In -dimensional space the inequality lower bounds the surface area or perimeter of a set by its volume , , where is a unit sphere. The equality holds only when is a sphere in . On a plane, i.e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Viterbi
Andrew James Viterbi (born Andrea Giacomo Viterbi, March 9, 1935) is an Italian Jewish–American electrical engineer and businessman who co-founded Qualcomm Inc. and invented the Viterbi algorithm. He is the Presidential Chair Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Southern California's Viterbi School...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covering%20lemma
In the foundations of mathematics, a covering lemma is used to prove that the non-existence of certain large cardinals leads to the existence of a canonical inner model, called the core model, that is, in a sense, maximal and approximates the structure of the von Neumann universe V. A covering lemma asserts that under ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse%20mathematics
Reverse mathematics is a program in mathematical logic that seeks to determine which axioms are required to prove theorems of mathematics. Its defining method can briefly be described as "going backwards from the theorems to the axioms", in contrast to the ordinary mathematical practice of deriving theorems from axiom...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finitely%20generated%20module
In mathematics, a finitely generated module is a module that has a finite generating set. A finitely generated module over a ring R may also be called a finite R-module, finite over R, or a module of finite type. Related concepts include finitely cogenerated modules, finitely presented modules, finitely related module...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%20module
In mathematics, a free module is a module that has a basis, that is, a generating set consisting of linearly independent elements. Every vector space is a free module, but, if the ring of the coefficients is not a division ring (not a field in the commutative case), then there exist non-free modules. Given any set an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undersampling
In signal processing, undersampling or bandpass sampling is a technique where one samples a bandpass-filtered signal at a sample rate below its Nyquist rate (twice the upper cutoff frequency), but is still able to reconstruct the signal. When one undersamples a bandpass signal, the samples are indistinguishable from t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics%20education
In contemporary education, mathematics education—known in Europe as the didactics or pedagogy of mathematics—is the practice of teaching, learning, and carrying out scholarly research into the transfer of mathematical knowledge. Although research into mathematics education is primarily concerned with the tools, method...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irritation
Irritation, in biology and physiology, is a state of inflammation or painful reaction to allergy or cell-lining damage. A stimulus or agent which induces the state of irritation is an irritant. Irritants are typically thought of as chemical agents (for example phenol and capsaicin) but mechanical, thermal (heat), and r...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsey%20cardinal
In mathematics, a Ramsey cardinal is a certain kind of large cardinal number introduced by and named after Frank P. Ramsey, whose theorem establishes that ω enjoys a certain property that Ramsey cardinals generalize to the uncountable case. Let [κ]<ω denote the set of all finite subsets of κ. A cardinal number κ is...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erd%C5%91s%20cardinal
In mathematics, an Erdős cardinal, also called a partition cardinal is a certain kind of large cardinal number introduced by . A cardinal κ is called α-Erdős if for every function there is a set of order type that is homogeneous for . In the notation of the partition calculus, κ is α-Erdős if . The existence of ze...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtle%20cardinal
In mathematics, subtle cardinals and ethereal cardinals are closely related kinds of large cardinal number. A cardinal κ is called subtle if for every closed and unbounded C ⊂ κ and for every sequence A of length κ for which element number δ (for an arbitrary δ), Aδ ⊂ δ, there exist α, β, belonging to C, with α < β, s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fakhr%20al-Din%20al-Razi
Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī () or Fakhruddin Razi () (1149 or 1150 – 1209), often known by the sobriquet Sultan of the Theologians, was an influential Muslim polymath, scientist and one of the pioneers of inductive logic. He wrote various works in the fields of medicine, chemistry, physics, astronomy, cosmology, literature, t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Sokal
Alan David Sokal (; born January 24, 1955) is an American professor of mathematics at University College London and professor emeritus of physics at New York University. He works in statistical mechanics and combinatorics. He is a critic of postmodernism, and caused the Sokal affair in 1996 when his deliberately nonsen...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20kinase%20A
In cell biology, protein kinase A (PKA) is a family of serine-threonine kinase whose activity is dependent on cellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP). PKA is also known as cAMP-dependent protein kinase (). PKA has several functions in the cell, including regulation of glycogen, sugar, and lipid metabolism. It should not b...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20Blackett
Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett, Baron Blackett (18 November 1897 – 13 July 1974) was a British experimental physicist known for his work on cloud chambers, cosmic rays, and paleomagnetism, awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1948. In 1925 he became the first person to prove that radioactivity could cause the nucle...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyquist
Nyquist may refer to: Nyquist (surname) Nyquist (horse), winner of the 2016 Kentucky Derby Nyquist (programming language), computer programming language for sound synthesis and music composition See also Johnson–Nyquist noise, thermal noise Nyquist stability criterion, in control theory Nyquist plot, signal processin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20flow
In population genetics, gene flow (also known as migration and allele flow) is the transfer of genetic material from one population to another. If the rate of gene flow is high enough, then two populations will have equivalent allele frequencies and therefore can be considered a single effective population. It has bee...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urysohn%20and%20completely%20Hausdorff%20spaces
In topology, a discipline within mathematics, an Urysohn space, or T2½ space, is a topological space in which any two distinct points can be separated by closed neighborhoods. A completely Hausdorff space, or functionally Hausdorff space, is a topological space in which any two distinct points can be separated by a con...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical%20efficiency
The efficiency of a system in electronics and electrical engineering is defined as useful power output divided by the total electrical power consumed (a fractional expression), typically denoted by the Greek small letter eta (η – ήτα). If energy output and input are expressed in the same units, efficiency is a dimen...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AWD
AWD may refer to: Biology African Wild Dog (Lycaon pictus), a canid of sub-Saharan Africa Acute watery diarrhoea, liquid faeces Businesses and organisations AWD Holding, (Allgemeiner Wirtschaftsdienst), a German company AWD Trucks, a British truck manufacturer Atomwaffen Division, a neo-Nazi terrorist group in t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EAG
EAG may refer to: Science and medicine Electroantennography Estimated average glucose European Association of Geochemistry Transport Eagle Airways, a defunct New Zealand airline Eaglehawk railway station, in Victoria, Australia Eaglescliffe railway station, in England Other uses Ealing Art Group East Asia...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossword%20abbreviations
Cryptic crosswords often use abbreviations to clue individual letters or short fragments of the overall solution. These include: Any conventional abbreviations found in a standard dictionary, such as: "current": AC (for "alternating current"); less commonly, DC (for "direct current"); or even I (the symbol used in ph...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORP
ORP may refer to: Okręt Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, a Polish Navy ship prefix Operational Ration Pack, UK military Orpington railway station, Bromley, England O'Reilly Raceway Park at Indianapolis Oxidation reduction potential in chemistry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonical
The adjective canonical is applied in many contexts to mean 'according to the canon' the standard, rule or primary source that is accepted as authoritative for the body of knowledge or literature in that context. In mathematics, canonical example is often used to mean 'archetype'. Science and technology Canonical fo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frits%20Bolkestein
Frederik "Frits" Bolkestein (; born 4 April 1933) is a Dutch retired politician and businessman who served as Leader of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) from 1990 to 1998 and European Commissioner for Internal Market from 1999 until 2004 under Romano Prodi. Bolkestein studied Mathematics at the Orego...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annihilator%20%28ring%20theory%29
In mathematics, the annihilator of a subset of a module over a ring is the ideal formed by the elements of the ring that give always zero when multiplied by each element of . Over an integral domain, a module that has a nonzero annihilator is a torsion module, and a finitely generated torsion module has a nonzero an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeogenetics
Archaeogenetics is the study of ancient DNA using various molecular genetic methods and DNA resources. This form of genetic analysis can be applied to human, animal, and plant specimens. Ancient DNA can be extracted from various fossilized specimens including bones, eggshells, and artificially preserved tissues in huma...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20scientist
A computer scientist is a scholar who specializes in the academic study of computer science. Computer scientists typically work on the theoretical side of computation. Although computer scientists can also focus their work and research on specific areas (such as algorithm and data structure development and design, so...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk%20%28mathematics%29
In geometry, a disk (also spelled disc) is the region in a plane bounded by a circle. A disk is said to be closed if it contains the circle that constitutes its boundary, and open if it does not. For a radius, , an open disk is usually denoted as and a closed disk is . However in the field of topology the closed disk...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representative
Representative may refer to: Politics Representative democracy, type of democracy in which elected officials represent a group of people House of Representatives, legislative body in various countries or sub-national entities Legislator, someone who is a member of a legislature Mathematics Representative (mathematics...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stationary%20process
In mathematics and statistics, a stationary process (or a strict/strictly stationary process or strong/strongly stationary process) is a stochastic process whose unconditional joint probability distribution does not change when shifted in time. Consequently, parameters such as mean and variance also do not change over ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discretization
In applied mathematics, discretization is the process of transferring continuous functions, models, variables, and equations into discrete counterparts. This process is usually carried out as a first step toward making them suitable for numerical evaluation and implementation on digital computers. Dichotomization is t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michalis%20Rakintzis
Mihalis Rakintzis (Greek: Μιχάλης Ρακιντζής; born on 3 April 1957) is a Greek singer. He was born in Athens and studied Mechanical Engineering in the United Kingdom. From 1982 to 1985, he participated at a rock group called Scraptown. After three albums & a maxi-single Scraptown split up and Rakintzis started a solo ca...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differentiable%20function
In mathematics, a differentiable function of one real variable is a function whose derivative exists at each point in its domain. In other words, the graph of a differentiable function has a non-vertical tangent line at each interior point in its domain. A differentiable function is smooth (the function is locally well...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthesis
Synthesis or synthesize may refer to: Science Chemistry and biochemistry Chemical synthesis, the execution of chemical reactions to form a more complex molecule from chemical precursors Organic synthesis, the chemical synthesis of organic compounds Total synthesis, the complete organic synthesis of complex organic c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pellicle
Pellicle may refer to: Pellicle (biology), a thin layer supporting the cell membrane in various protozoa Pellicle mirror, a thin plastic membrane which may be used as a beam splitter or protective cover in optical systems Pellicle (dental), the thin layer of salivary glycoproteins deposited on the teeth of many specie...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann%E2%80%93Stieltjes%20integral
In mathematics, the Riemann–Stieltjes integral is a generalization of the Riemann integral, named after Bernhard Riemann and Thomas Joannes Stieltjes. The definition of this integral was first published in 1894 by Stieltjes. It serves as an instructive and useful precursor of the Lebesgue integral, and an invaluable to...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoidal%20category
In mathematics, a monoidal category (or tensor category) is a category equipped with a bifunctor that is associative up to a natural isomorphism, and an object I that is both a left and right identity for ⊗, again up to a natural isomorphism. The associated natural isomorphisms are subject to certain coherence condit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheeler%20%28surname%29
Wheeler is a surname of English origin. It is an occupational name, originally describing one who makes or uses wheels. People Allen Wheeler (born 1989), British airplane pilot Albert H. Wheeler (1915–1994), American academic and politician A. Harry Wheeler (1873–1950), American mathematician and mathematics teache...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digest
Digest may refer to: Biology Digestion of food Restriction digest Literature and publications The Digest, formerly the English and Empire Digest Digest size magazine format Digest (Roman law), also known as Pandects, a digest of Roman law Computer science and electronic security Digest, a MIME Multipart Subtype Dige...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saharon%20Shelah
Saharon Shelah (; born July 3, 1945) is an Israeli mathematician. He is a professor of mathematics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Rutgers University in New Jersey. Biography Shelah was born in Jerusalem on July 3, 1945. He is the son of the Israeli poet and political activist Yonatan Ratosh. He received his...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore%E2%80%93Penrose%20inverse
In mathematics, and in particular linear algebra, the Moore–Penrose inverse of a matrix is the most widely known generalization of the inverse matrix. It was independently described by E. H. Moore in 1920, Arne Bjerhammar in 1951, and Roger Penrose in 1955. Earlier, Erik Ivar Fredholm had introduced the concept of a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jina
Jina may refer to: Jina (Korean name), including a list of people with the name Jina language, Afro-Asiatic language of Cameroon Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA) Arihant (Jainism), also called Jina, a term used for human beings who have attained omniscience Five Jinas, representations of the five qualiti...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happened-before
In computer science, the happened-before relation (denoted: ) is a relation between the result of two events, such that if one event should happen before another event, the result must reflect that, even if those events are in reality executed out of order (usually to optimize program flow). This involves ordering even...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuratowski%20closure%20axioms
In topology and related branches of mathematics, the Kuratowski closure axioms are a set of axioms that can be used to define a topological structure on a set. They are equivalent to the more commonly used open set definition. They were first formalized by Kazimierz Kuratowski, and the idea was further studied by mathe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime-counting%20function
In mathematics, the prime-counting function is the function counting the number of prime numbers less than or equal to some real number x. It is denoted by (x) (unrelated to the number ). Growth rate Of great interest in number theory is the growth rate of the prime-counting function. It was conjectured in the end of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common%20name
In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism (also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, country name, popular name, or farmer's name) is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; and is often contrasted with the scientific name for the same organism, which is often based in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebra%20homomorphism
In mathematics, an algebra homomorphism is a homomorphism between two algebras. More precisely, if A and B are algebras over a field (or a ring) K, it is a function such that, for all k in K and x, y in A, one has The first two conditions say that F is a K-linear map, and the last condition says that F preserv...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Stewart%20%28mathematician%29
Ian Nicholas Stewart (born 24 September 1945) is a British mathematician and a popular-science and science-fiction writer. He is Emeritus Professor of Mathematics at the University of Warwick, England. Education and early life Stewart was born in 1945 in Folkestone, England. While in the sixth form at Harvey Gramma...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociable%20number
In mathematics, sociable numbers are numbers whose aliquot sums form a periodic sequence. They are generalizations of the concepts of perfect numbers and amicable numbers. The first two sociable sequences, or sociable chains, were discovered and named by the Belgian mathematician Paul Poulet in 1918. In a sociable sequ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial%20data%20processing
Industrial data processing is a branch of applied computer science that covers the area of design and programming of computerized systems which are not computers as such — often referred to as embedded systems (PLCs, automated systems, intelligent instruments, etc.). The products concerned contain at least one micropr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate%20%28mathematics%29
In mathematics, a rate is the quotient of two quantities in different units of measurement, often represented as a fraction. If the divisor (or fraction denominator) in the rate is equal to one expressed as a single unit, and if it is assumed that this quantity can be changed systematically (i.e., is an independent var...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive%20element
In mathematics, the term primitive element can mean: Primitive root modulo n, in number theory Primitive element (field theory), an element that generates a given field extension Primitive element (finite field), an element that generates the multiplicative group of a finite field Primitive element (lattice), an el...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditarily%20finite%20set
In mathematics and set theory, hereditarily finite sets are defined as finite sets whose elements are all hereditarily finite sets. In other words, the set itself is finite, and all of its elements are finite sets, recursively all the way down to the empty set. Formal definition A recursive definition of well-founded ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotient
In arithmetic, a quotient (from 'how many times', pronounced ) is a quantity produced by the division of two numbers. The quotient has widespread use throughout mathematics. It has two definitions: either the integer part of a division (in the case of Euclidean division), or as a fraction or a ratio (in the case of a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TTP
TTP may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, a book by the philosopher Baruch Spinoza Biology Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, a blood disorder Tristetraprolin, a protein Thymidine triphosphate, one of the four nucleoside triphosphates that are used in the in vivo synthesis...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromatic%20amine
In organic chemistry, an aromatic amine is an organic compound consisting of an aromatic ring attached to an amine. It is a broad class of compounds that encompasses anilines, but also many more complex aromatic rings and many amine substituents beyond . Such compounds occur widely. Aromatic amines are widely used a...