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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20A.%20Young
John A. Young (born April 24, 1932) is an American business executive and electrical engineer. He was chief executive officer of Hewlett-Packard from 1978 to 1992. He also formerly served as a director of Wells Fargo & Company. Biography Young was born in 1932 in Nampa, Idaho. He received his BS degree in electrical ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramification%20%28mathematics%29
In geometry, ramification is 'branching out', in the way that the square root function, for complex numbers, can be seen to have two branches differing in sign. The term is also used from the opposite perspective (branches coming together) as when a covering map degenerates at a point of a space, with some collapsing o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alicyclic%20compound
In organic chemistry, an alicyclic compound contains one or more all-carbon rings which may be either saturated or unsaturated, but do not have aromatic character. Alicyclic compounds may have one or more aliphatic side chains attached. The simplest alicyclic compounds are the monocyclic cycloalkanes: cyclopropane, cy...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich%20Bergius
Friedrich Karl Rudolf Bergius (, 11 October 1884 – 30 March 1949) was a German chemist known for the Bergius process for producing synthetic fuel from coal, Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1931, together with Carl Bosch) in recognition of contributions to the invention and development of chemical high-pressure methods. Havin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genet
Genet or Genêt may refer to: Aircraft Armstrong Siddeley Genet, aircraft engine Armstrong Siddeley Genet Major, aircraft engine Animals and plants Genet (biology), a colony of plants, fungi or bacteria that come from a single genetic source Genet (animal), a small predatory Old World carnivore related to the civet P...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution%E2%80%93permutation%20network
In cryptography, an SP-network, or substitution–permutation network (SPN), is a series of linked mathematical operations used in block cipher algorithms such as AES (Rijndael), 3-Way, Kalyna, Kuznyechik, PRESENT, SAFER, SHARK, and Square. Such a network takes a block of the plaintext and the key as inputs, and applie...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized%20flag%20variety
In mathematics, a generalized flag variety (or simply flag variety) is a homogeneous space whose points are flags in a finite-dimensional vector space V over a field F. When F is the real or complex numbers, a generalized flag variety is a smooth or complex manifold, called a real or complex flag manifold. Flag varieti...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finsler%20manifold
In mathematics, particularly differential geometry, a Finsler manifold is a differentiable manifold where a (possibly asymmetric) Minkowski norm is provided on each tangent space , that enables one to define the length of any smooth curve as Finsler manifolds are more general than Riemannian manifolds since the tan...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomography
Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, atmospheric science, geophysics, oceanography, plasma physics, materials science, cosmochemistry, astrophysics, quantum information, and other areas of science. The word tomogra...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse%20scattering%20problem
In mathematics and physics, the inverse scattering problem is the problem of determining characteristics of an object, based on data of how it scatters incoming radiation or particles. It is the inverse problem to the direct scattering problem, which is to determine how radiation or particles are scattered based on the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaon
In particle physics, a kaon (), also called a K meson and denoted , is any of a group of four mesons distinguished by a quantum number called strangeness. In the quark model they are understood to be bound states of a strange quark (or antiquark) and an up or down antiquark (or quark). Kaons have proved to be a copiou...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen%20Chamberlain
Owen Chamberlain (July 10, 1920 – February 28, 2006) was an American physicist who shared with Emilio Segrè the Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of the antiproton, a sub-atomic antiparticle. Biography Born in San Francisco, California, Chamberlain graduated from Germantown Friends School in Philadelphia in 19...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luc%20Steels
Luc Steels (born in 1952) is a Belgian scientist and artist. Steels is considered a pioneer of Artificial Intelligence in Europe who has made contributions to expert systems, behavior-based robotics, artificial life and evolutionary computational linguistics. He was a fellow of the Catalan Institution for Research and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity-based%20encryption
ID-based encryption, or identity-based encryption (IBE), is an important primitive of ID-based cryptography. As such it is a type of public-key encryption in which the public key of a user is some unique information about the identity of the user (e.g. a user's email address). This means that a sender who has access ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontryagin%20class
In mathematics, the Pontryagin classes, named after Lev Pontryagin, are certain characteristic classes of real vector bundles. The Pontryagin classes lie in cohomology groups with degrees a multiple of four. Definition Given a real vector bundle E over M, its k-th Pontryagin class is defined as where: denotes the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabetical%20order
Alphabetical order is a system whereby character strings are placed in order based on the position of the characters in the conventional ordering of an alphabet. It is one of the methods of collation. In mathematics, a lexicographical order is the generalization of the alphabetical order to other data types, such as se...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreducible%20representation
In mathematics, specifically in the representation theory of groups and algebras, an irreducible representation or irrep of an algebraic structure is a nonzero representation that has no proper nontrivial subrepresentation , with closed under the action of . Every finite-dimensional unitary representation on a Hilb...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisenstein%27s%20criterion
In mathematics, Eisenstein's criterion gives a sufficient condition for a polynomial with integer coefficients to be irreducible over the rational numbers – that is, for it to not be factorizable into the product of non-constant polynomials with rational coefficients. This criterion is not applicable to all polynomial...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isospectral
In mathematics, two linear operators are called isospectral or cospectral if they have the same spectrum. Roughly speaking, they are supposed to have the same sets of eigenvalues, when those are counted with multiplicity. The theory of isospectral operators is markedly different depending on whether the space is finit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homothety
In mathematics, a homothety (or homothecy, or homogeneous dilation) is a transformation of an affine space determined by a point S called its center and a nonzero number called its ratio, which sends point to a point by the rule for a fixed number . Using position vectors: . In case of (Origin): , which is a uni...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral%20radius
In mathematics, the spectral radius of a square matrix is the maximum of the absolute values of its eigenvalues. More generally, the spectral radius of a bounded linear operator is the supremum of the absolute values of the elements of its spectrum. The spectral radius is often denoted by . Definition Matrices Let b...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmes
Ahmes ( “, a common Egyptian name also transliterated Ahmose) was an ancient Egyptian scribe who lived towards the end of the Fifteenth Dynasty (and of the Second Intermediate Period) and the beginning of the Eighteenth Dynasty (and of the New Kingdom). He transcribed the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, a work of ancient E...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICL
ICL may refer to: Companies and organizations Idaho Conservation League Imperial College London, a UK university Indian Confederation of Labour Indian Cricket League Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory of the University of Oxford Israel Chemicals, an Israeli multi-national chemical company that produces and markets f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lie%20Cartan
Élie Joseph Cartan (; 9 April 1869 – 6 May 1951) was an influential French mathematician who did fundamental work in the theory of Lie groups, differential systems (coordinate-free geometric formulation of PDEs), and differential geometry. He also made significant contributions to general relativity and indirectly to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Torrey
John Torrey (August 15, 1796 – March 10, 1873) was an American botanist, chemist, and physician. Throughout much of his career, he was a teacher of chemistry, often at multiple universities, while he also pursued botanical work, focusing on the flora of North America. His most renowned works include studies of the New ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT%20Media%20Lab
The MIT Media Lab is a research laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, growing out of MIT's Architecture Machine Group in the School of Architecture. Its research does not restrict to fixed academic disciplines, but draws from technology, media, science, art, and design. , Media lab's research groups...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mellin%20transform
In mathematics, the Mellin transform is an integral transform that may be regarded as the multiplicative version of the two-sided Laplace transform. This integral transform is closely connected to the theory of Dirichlet series, and is often used in number theory, mathematical statistics, and the theory of asymptotic e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20learning%20theory
In computer science, computational learning theory (or just learning theory) is a subfield of artificial intelligence devoted to studying the design and analysis of machine learning algorithms. Overview Theoretical results in machine learning mainly deal with a type of inductive learning called supervised learning. I...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Nelson
Edward Nelson (May 4, 1932 – September 10, 2014) was an American mathematician. He was professor in the Mathematics Department at Princeton University. He was known for his work on mathematical physics and mathematical logic. In mathematical logic, he was noted especially for his internal set theory, and views on ultr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierpi%C5%84ski%20space
In mathematics, the Sierpiński space (or the connected two-point set) is a finite topological space with two points, only one of which is closed. It is the smallest example of a topological space which is neither trivial nor discrete. It is named after Wacław Sierpiński. The Sierpiński space has important relations to...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation%20of%20variables
In mathematics, separation of variables (also known as the Fourier method) is any of several methods for solving ordinary and partial differential equations, in which algebra allows one to rewrite an equation so that each of two variables occurs on a different side of the equation. Ordinary differential equations (ODE...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silanol
A silanol is a functional group in silicon chemistry with the connectivity Si–O–H. It is related to the hydroxy functional group (C–O–H) found in all alcohols. Silanols are often invoked as intermediates in organosilicon chemistry and silicate mineralogy. If a silanol contains one or more organic residues, it is an org...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iga
Iga may refer to: Arts and entertainment Ambush at Iga Pass, a 1958 Japanese film Iga no Kagemaru, Japanese manga series Iga, a set of characters from the Japanese novel The Kouga Ninja Scrolls Biology Iga (beetle), a genus of beetle in the family Carabidae IgA, Immunoglobulin A, an antibody Iga, or iga war...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Woltman
George Woltman (born November 10, 1957) is the founder of the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search (GIMPS), a distributed computing project researching Mersenne prime numbers using his software Prime95. He graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) with a degree in computer science. He lives in Nort...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic
Cubic may refer to: Science and mathematics Cube (algebra), "cubic" measurement Cube, a three-dimensional solid object bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each vertex Cubic crystal system, a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube Cubic function, a polynomial fu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search%20space
Search space may refer to one of the following: In mathematical optimization and computer science, the set of all possible points of an optimization problem that satisfy the problem's targets or goals. It may also refer to the optimization of the domain of the function. In artificial intelligence search algorithms, th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bewick%20Bridge
Bewick Bridge (1767, Linton, Cambridgeshire – 15 May 1833, Cherry Hinton) was an English vicar and mathematical author. In 1786, he was admitted as a sizar to study mathematics Peterhouse, Cambridge University, where he graduated as senior wrangler and won the Smith's Prize in 1790. In October 1790, he was ordained a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle%20system
A particle system is a technique in game physics, motion graphics, and computer graphics that uses many minute sprites, 3D models, or other graphic objects to simulate certain kinds of "fuzzy" phenomena, which are otherwise very hard to reproduce with conventional rendering techniques – usually highly chaotic systems, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tension
Tension may refer to: Science Psychological stress Tension (physics), a force related to the stretching of an object (the opposite of compression) Tension (geology), a stress which stretches rocks in two opposite directions Voltage or electric tension, the difference in electric potential energy between two points...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendre%20transformation
In mathematics, the Legendre transformation (or Legendre transform), first introduced by Adrien-Marie Legendre in 1787 when studying the minimal surface problem, is an involutive transformation on real-valued functions that are convex on a real variable. Specifically, if a real-valued multivariable function is convex o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSL%282%2C7%29
In mathematics, the projective special linear group , isomorphic to , is a finite simple group that has important applications in algebra, geometry, and number theory. It is the automorphism group of the Klein quartic as well as the symmetry group of the Fano plane. With 168 elements, PSL(2, 7) is the smallest nonabeli...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4hler%20manifold
In mathematics and especially differential geometry, a Kähler manifold is a manifold with three mutually compatible structures: a complex structure, a Riemannian structure, and a symplectic structure. The concept was first studied by Jan Arnoldus Schouten and David van Dantzig in 1930, and then introduced by Erich Kähl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolated%20point
In mathematics, a point is called an isolated point of a subset (in a topological space ) if is an element of and there exists a neighborhood of that does not contain any other points of . This is equivalent to saying that the singleton is an open set in the topological space (considered as a subspace of ). Anot...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOP%20%28code%29
In computer science, a NOP, no-op, or NOOP (pronounced "no op"; short for no operation) is a machine language instruction and its assembly language mnemonic, programming language statement, or computer protocol command that does nothing. Machine language instructions Some computer instruction sets include an instruct...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag%20%28linear%20algebra%29
In mathematics, particularly in linear algebra, a flag is an increasing sequence of subspaces of a finite-dimensional vector space V. Here "increasing" means each is a proper subspace of the next (see filtration): The term flag is motivated by a particular example resembling a flag: the zero point, a line, and a plane...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCR
RCR may stand for: Fulton County Airport (IATA: RCR) Radio Caracas Radio, a Venezuelan radio station Ranchi Rays, Indian field hockey team Rational consequence relation, a type of consequence relation in mathematical logic Ramsbottom Carbon Residue RC Relizane, an Algerian football club Real closed ring, in mat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpeakEasy
SpeakEasy was a United States military project to use software-defined radio technology to make it possible to communicate with over 10 different types of military radios from a single system. History "The SpectrumWare project applied a software-oriented wireless communications approach with distributed signal proces...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Horizons
New Horizons is an interplanetary space probe that was launched as a part of NASA's New Frontiers program. Engineered by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) and the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), with a team led by Alan Stern, the spacecraft was launched in 2006 with the primary mission ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nama
Nama or NAMA may refer to: Biology NAMA (gene), a long non-coding RNA gene Nama (plant), a genus of plants in the family Boraginaceae N-Acetylmuramic acid, a component of bacterial cell walls North American Mycological Association, a learned society devoted to mushrooms and other fungi Companies Nama Chemicals, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thames%20Embankment
The Thames Embankment is a work of 19th-century civil engineering that reclaimed marshy land next to the River Thames in central London. It consists of the Victoria Embankment and Chelsea Embankment. History There had been a long history of failed proposals to embank the Thames in central London. Embankments along the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine%20Biological%20Laboratory
The Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) is an international center for research and education in biological and environmental science. Founded in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, in 1888, the MBL is a private, nonprofit institution that was independent for most of its history, but became officially affiliated with the Univers...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure%20key%20issuing%20cryptography
Secure key issuing is variant of ID-based cryptography that reduces the level of trust that needs to be placed in a trusted third party by spreading the trust across multiple third parties. In addition to the normally transmitted information the user supplies what is known as "blinding" information which can be used to...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate-based%20encryption
Certificate-based encryption is a system in which a certificate authority uses ID-based cryptography to produce a certificate. This system gives the users both implicit and explicit certification, the certificate can be used as a conventional certificate (for signatures, etc.), but also implicitly for the purpose of en...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificateless%20cryptography
Certificateless cryptography is a variant of ID-based cryptography intended to prevent the key escrow problem. Ordinarily, keys are generated by a certificate authority or a key generation center (KGC) who is given complete power and is implicitly trusted. To prevent a complete breakdown of the system in the case of a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20Terlouw
Jan Cornelis Terlouw (born 15 November 1931) is a retired Dutch politician, physicist and author. A member of the Democrats 66 (D66) party, he served as Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1981 to 1982 under Prime Minister Dries van Agt. Terlouw studied Physics and Mathematics at the Utrecht University simul...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parametric
Parametric may refer to: Mathematics Parametric equation, a representation of a curve through equations, as functions of a variable Parametric statistics, a branch of statistics that assumes data has come from a type of probability distribution Parametric derivative, a type of derivative in calculus Parametric model,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase%20change
Phase change may refer to: Phase transition, the transformation from one thermodynamic state to another. Phase-change memory, a type of random-access memory. Phase change (waves), concerning the physics of waves.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connection%20%28vector%20bundle%29
In mathematics, and especially differential geometry and gauge theory, a connection on a fiber bundle is a device that defines a notion of parallel transport on the bundle; that is, a way to "connect" or identify fibers over nearby points. The most common case is that of a linear connection on a vector bundle, for whic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobordism
In mathematics, cobordism is a fundamental equivalence relation on the class of compact manifolds of the same dimension, set up using the concept of the boundary (French bord, giving cobordism) of a manifold. Two manifolds of the same dimension are cobordant if their disjoint union is the boundary of a compact manifol...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/81%20%28number%29
81 (eighty-one) is the natural number following 80 and preceding 82. In mathematics 81 is: the square of 9 and the second fourth-power of a prime; 34. with an aliquot sum of 40; within an aliquot sequence of three composite numbers (81,40,50,43,1,0) to the Prime in the 43-aliquot tree. a perfect totient number lik...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/82%20%28number%29
82 (eighty-two) is the natural number following 81 and preceding 83. In mathematics 82 is: the twenty-third semiprime and the twelfth of the form (2.q). with an aliquot sum of 44, within an aliquot sequence of four composite numbers (82,44,40,50,43,1,0) to the Prime in the 43-aliquot tree. a companion Pell number. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/83%20%28number%29
83 (eighty-three) is the natural number following 82 and preceding 84. In mathematics 83 is: the sum of three consecutive primes (23 + 29 + 31). the sum of five consecutive primes (11 + 13 + 17 + 19 + 23). the 23rd prime number, following 79 (of which it is also a cousin prime) and preceding 89. a Sophie Germain...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/84%20%28number%29
84 (eighty-four) is the natural number following 83 and preceding 85. In mathematics 84 is a semiperfect number, being thrice a perfect number, and the sum of the sixth pair of twin primes . It is the third (or second) dodecahedral number, and the sum of the first seven triangular numbers (1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/85%20%28number%29
85 (eighty-five) is the natural number following 84 and preceding 86. In mathematics 85 is: the product of two prime numbers (5 and 17), and is therefore a semiprime of the form (5.q) where q is prime. specifically, the 24th Semiprime, it being the fourth of the form (5.q). together with 86 and 87, forms the sec...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/86%20%28number%29
86 (eighty-six) is the natural number following 85 and preceding 87. In mathematics 86 is: nontotient and a noncototient. the 25th distinct semiprime and the 13th of the form (2.q). together with 85 and 87, forms the middle semiprime in the 2nd cluster of three consecutive semiprimes; the first comprising 33, 34, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/87%20%28number%29
87 (eighty-seven) is the natural number following 86 and preceding 88. In mathematics 87 is: the sum of the squares of the first four primes (87 = 22 + 32 + 52 + 72). the sum of the sums of the divisors of the first 10 positive integers. the thirtieth semiprime, and the twenty-sixth distinct semiprime and the eigh...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/89%20%28number%29
89 (eighty-nine) is the natural number following 88 and preceding 90. In mathematics 89 is: the 24th prime number, following 83 and preceding 97. a Chen prime. a Pythagorean prime. the smallest Sophie Germain prime to start a Cunningham chain of the first kind of six terms, {89, 179, 359, 719, 1439, 2879}. an E...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/77%20%28number%29
77 (seventy-seven) is the natural number following 76 and preceding 78. Seventy-seven is the smallest positive integer requiring five syllables in English. In mathematics 77 is: the 22nd discrete semiprime and the first of the (7.q) family, where q is a higher prime. with a prime aliquot sum of 19 within an aliquot ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/79%20%28number%29
79 (seventy-nine) is the natural number following 78 and preceding 80. In mathematics 79 is: An odd number. The smallest number that can not be represented as a sum of fewer than 19 fourth powers. The 22nd prime number (between and ) An isolated prime without a twin prime, as 77 and 81 are composite. The smalle...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/71%20%28number%29
71 (seventy-one) is the natural number following 70 and preceding 72. In mathematics Because both rearrangements of its digits (17 and 71) are prime numbers, 71 is an emirp and more generally a permutable prime. It is the largest number which occurs as a prime factor of an order of a sporadic simple group, the large...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/73%20%28number%29
73 (seventy-three) is the natural number following 72 and preceding 74. In English, it is the smallest natural number with twelve letters in its spelled out name. In mathematics 73 is the 21st prime number, and emirp with 37, the 12th prime number. It is also the eighth twin prime, with 71. It is the largest minimal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/74%20%28number%29
74 (seventy-four) is the natural number following 73 and preceding 75. In mathematics 74 is: the twenty-first distinct semiprime and the eleventh of the form (2.q), where q is a higher prime. with an aliquot sum of 40, within an aliquot sequence of three composite numbers (74,40,50,43,1,0) to the Prime in the 43-al...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/75%20%28number%29
75 (seventy-five) is the natural number following 74 and preceding 76. In mathematics 75 is a self number because there is no integer that added up to its own digits adds up to 75. It is the sum of the first five pentagonal numbers, and therefore a pentagonal pyramidal number, as well as a nonagonal number. It is a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/32%20%28number%29
32 (thirty-two) is the natural number following 31 and preceding 33. In mathematics 32 is the fifth power of two (), making it the first non-unitary fifth-power of the form p5 where p is prime. 32 is the totient summatory function over the first 10 integers, and the smallest number with exactly 7 solutions for . The...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/34%20%28number%29
34 (thirty-four) is the natural number following 33 and preceding 35. In mathematics 34 is the ninth distinct semiprime, with four divisors including 1 and itself. Specifically, 34 is the ninth distinct semiprime, it being the sixth of the form . Its neighbors 33 and 35 are also distinct semiprimes with four divisors ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value%20distribution%20theory%20of%20holomorphic%20functions
In mathematics, the value distribution theory of holomorphic functions is a division of mathematical analysis. The purpose of the theory is to provide quantitative measures of the number of times a function f(z) assumes a value a, as z grows in size, refining the Picard theorem on behaviour close to an essential singul...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorization
Memorization (British English: memorisation) is the process of committing something to memory. It is a mental process undertaken in order to store in memory for later recall visual, auditory, or tactical information. The scientific study of memory is part of cognitive neuroscience, an interdisciplinary link between co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct%20manipulation%20interface
In computer science, human–computer interaction, and interaction design, direct manipulation is an approach to interfaces which involves continuous representation of objects of interest together with rapid, reversible, and incremental actions and feedback. As opposed to other interaction styles, for example, the comma...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Founder%20effect
In population genetics, the founder effect is the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population. It was first fully outlined by Ernst Mayr in 1942, using existing theoretical work by those such as Sewall Wright. As a result of t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/31%20%28number%29
31 (thirty-one) is the natural number following 30 and preceding 32. It is a prime number. In mathematics 31 is the 11th prime number. It is a superprime and a self prime (after 3, 5, and 7), as no integer added up to its base 10 digits results in 31. It is the third Mersenne prime of the form 2n − 1, and the eighth ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjacency%20list
In graph theory and computer science, an adjacency list is a collection of unordered lists used to represent a finite graph. Each unordered list within an adjacency list describes the set of neighbors of a particular vertex in the graph. This is one of several commonly used representations of graphs for use in computer...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directrix
In mathematics, a directrix is a curve associated with a process generating a geometric object, such as: Directrix (conic section) Directrix (generatrix) Directrix (rational normal scroll) Other uses Directrix is a spaceship in the Lensman series of novels by E. E. Smith. Directrix is the name of a Dubai-based alte...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relaxation
Relaxation stands quite generally for a release of tension, a return to equilibrium. In the sciences, the term is used in the following ways: Relaxation (physics), and more in particular: Relaxation (NMR), processes by which nuclear magnetization returns to the equilibrium distribution Dielectric relaxation, the de...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis%20Federico%20Leloir
Luis Federico Leloir (September 6, 1906 – December 2, 1987) was an Argentine physician and biochemist who received the 1970 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery of the metabolic pathways by which carbohydrates are synthesized and converted into energy in the body. Although born in France, Leloir received the maj...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correspondence
Correspondence may refer to: In general usage, non-concurrent, remote communication between people, including letters, email, newsgroups, Internet forums, blogs. Science Correspondence principle (physics): quantum physics theories must agree with classical physics theories when applied to large quantum numbers Corres...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinomial%20nomenclature
In biology, trinomial nomenclature refers to names for taxa below the rank of species. These names have three parts. The usage is different in zoology and botany. In zoology In zoological nomenclature, a trinomen (), trinominal name, or ternary name refers to the name of a subspecies. Examples are Gorilla gorilla gor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological%20database
Biological databases are libraries of biological sciences, collected from scientific experiments, published literature, high-throughput experiment technology, and computational analysis. They contain information from research areas including genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microarray gene expression, and phylogene...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary
Unitary may refer to: Mathematics Unitary divisor Unitary element Unitary group Unitary matrix Unitary morphism Unitary operator Unitary transformation Unitary representation Unitarity (physics) E-unitary inverse semigroup Politics Unitary authority Unitary state See also Unital (disambiguation) Unitar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%ABl-Fran%C3%A7ois%20Durand
Joël-François Durand (born 17 September 1954) is a French composer. Biography Born in Orléans, Durand studied mathematics, music education and piano in Paris, then composition with Brian Ferneyhough in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany (1981–84), and at Stony Brook University, New York, with Arel and Semegen (1984–86) . B...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigged%20Hilbert%20space
In mathematics, a rigged Hilbert space (Gelfand triple, nested Hilbert space, equipped Hilbert space) is a construction designed to link the distribution and square-integrable aspects of functional analysis. Such spaces were introduced to study spectral theory in the broad sense. They bring together the 'bound state' (...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index%20set
In mathematics, an index set is a set whose members label (or index) members of another set. For instance, if the elements of a set may be indexed or labeled by means of the elements of a set , then is an index set. The indexing consists of a surjective function from onto , and the indexed collection is typically ca...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20topologies
In topology and related areas of mathematics, the set of all possible topologies on a given set forms a partially ordered set. This order relation can be used for comparison of the topologies. Definition A topology on a set may be defined as the collection of subsets which are considered to be "open". An alternative ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chern%E2%80%93Gauss%E2%80%93Bonnet%20theorem
In mathematics, the Chern theorem (or the Chern–Gauss–Bonnet theorem after Shiing-Shen Chern, Carl Friedrich Gauss, and Pierre Ossian Bonnet) states that the Euler–Poincaré characteristic (a topological invariant defined as the alternating sum of the Betti numbers of a topological space) of a closed even-dimensional Ri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roton
In theoretical physics, a roton is an elementary excitation, or quasiparticle, seen in superfluid helium-4 and Bose–Einstein condensates with long-range dipolar interactions or spin-orbit coupling. The dispersion relation of elementary excitations in this superfluid shows a linear increase from the origin, but exhibits...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirichlet%20series
In mathematics, a Dirichlet series is any series of the form where s is complex, and is a complex sequence. It is a special case of general Dirichlet series. Dirichlet series play a variety of important roles in analytic number theory. The most usually seen definition of the Riemann zeta function is a Dirichlet seri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beth%20number
In mathematics, particularly in set theory, the beth numbers are a certain sequence of infinite cardinal numbers (also known as transfinite numbers), conventionally written , where is the second Hebrew letter (beth). The beth numbers are related to the aleph numbers (), but unless the generalized continuum hypothesis ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Hales
Stephen Hales (17 September 16774 January 1761) was an English clergyman who made major contributions to a range of scientific fields including botany, pneumatic chemistry and physiology. He was the first person to measure blood pressure. He also invented several devices, including a ventilator, a pneumatic trough and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Kidd%20%28chemist%29
John Kidd (10 September 1775 – 7 September 1851) was an English physician, chemist and geologist who took a leading role in Oxford's "scientific awakening" in the early years of the nineteenth century. Biography Kidd was born in Westminster, the son of a naval officer, and was educated at Christ Church, Oxford. He bec...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald%20Venetiaan
Ronald Runaldo Venetiaan (born 18 June 1936) is a former politician who served as the 6th President of Suriname. Biography Venetiaan was born in Paramaribo. In 1955, Venetiaan left Suriname to study mathematics and physics at the University of Leiden. In 1964, he obtained his doctorandus, and returned to Suriname to b...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp%20Lenard
Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard (; ; 7 June 1862 – 20 May 1947) was a Hungarian-born German physicist and the winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1905 for his work on cathode rays and the discovery of many of their properties. One of his most important contributions was the experimental realization of the photoele...