source stringlengths 31 207 | text stringlengths 12 1.5k |
|---|---|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%20initio%20%28disambiguation%29 | Ab initio is a Latin term used in English, meaning from the beginning.
Ab initio may also refer to:
Ab Initio (company), an ETL Tool Software Company in the field of Data Warehousing.
Ab initio quantum chemistry methods
Marriages annulled under the Catholic Church are considered as annulled ab initio, meaning tha... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassmannian | In mathematics, the Grassmannian is a differentiable manifold that parameterizes the set of all -dimensional linear subspaces of an -dimensional vector space over a field .
For example, the Grassmannian is the space of lines through the origin in , so it is the same as the projective space of one dimension lower ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law%20of%20trichotomy | In mathematics, the law of trichotomy states that every real number is either positive, negative, or zero.
More generally, a binary relation R on a set X is trichotomous if for all x and y in X, exactly one of xRy, yRx and x=y holds. Writing R as <, this is stated in formal logic as:
Properties
A relation is tricho... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbs%20phenomenon | In mathematics, the Gibbs phenomenon is the oscillatory behavior of the Fourier series of a piecewise continuously differentiable periodic function around a jump discontinuity. The th partial Fourier series of the function (formed by summing the lowest constituent sinusoids of the Fourier series of the function) produ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit%20cardinal | In mathematics, limit cardinals are certain cardinal numbers. A cardinal number λ is a weak limit cardinal if λ is neither a successor cardinal nor zero. This means that one cannot "reach" λ from another cardinal by repeated successor operations. These cardinals are sometimes called simply "limit cardinals" when the c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compatibilism | Compatibilism is the belief that free will and determinism are mutually compatible and that it is possible to believe in both without being logically inconsistent.
Compatibilists believe that freedom can be present or absent in situations for reasons that have nothing to do with metaphysics. In other words, that causa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse%20trigonometric%20functions | In mathematics, the inverse trigonometric functions (occasionally also called arcus functions, antitrigonometric functions or cyclometric functions) are the inverse functions of the trigonometric functions (with suitably restricted domains). Specifically, they are the inverses of the sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangular%20matrix | In mathematics, a triangular matrix is a special kind of square matrix. A square matrix is called if all the entries above the main diagonal are zero. Similarly, a square matrix is called if all the entries below the main diagonal are zero.
Because matrix equations with triangular matrices are easier to solve, they... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MathWorld | MathWorld is an online mathematics reference work, created and largely written by Eric W. Weisstein. It is sponsored by and licensed to Wolfram Research, Inc. and was partially funded by the National Science Foundation's National Science Digital Library grant to the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.
History
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurophysiology | Neurophysiology is a branch of physiology and neuroscience that studies nervous system function rather than nervous system architecture. This area aids in the diagnosis and monitoring of neurological diseases. Historically, it has been dominated by electrophysiology—the electrical recording of neural activity ranging f... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute%20of%20Higher%20Nervous%20Activity%20and%20Neurophysiology | The Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology is a research institute located in Moscow, Russia that specializes in neuroscience, and is a part of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Leading scientists of the institute
1950-1952 - , Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR
1952-1957 - ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric%20substitution | In mathematics, trigonometric substitution is the replacement of trigonometric functions for other expressions. In calculus, trigonometric substitution is a technique for evaluating integrals. Moreover, one may use the trigonometric identities to simplify certain integrals containing radical expressions. Like other met... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald%20A.%20Glaser | Donald Arthur Glaser (September 21, 1926 – February 28, 2013) was an American physicist, neurobiologist, and the winner of the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention of the bubble chamber used in subatomic particle physics.
Education
Born in Cleveland, Ohio, Glaser completed his Bachelor of Science degree in ph... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frieze%20group | In mathematics, a frieze or frieze pattern is a two-dimensional design that repeats in one direction. Such patterns occur frequently in architecture and decorative art. Frieze patterns can be classified into seven types according to their symmetries. The set of symmetries of a frieze pattern is called a frieze group.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity | Identity may refer to:
Identity document
Identity (philosophy)
Identity (social science)
Identity (mathematics)
Arts and entertainment
Film and television
Identity (1987 film), an Iranian film
Identity (2003 film), an American slasher film
Identity (game show), an American game show
Identity (TV series)... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio%20Segr%C3%A8 | Emilio Gino Segrè (1 February 1905 – 22 April 1989) was an Italian-born American physicist and Nobel laureate, who discovered the elements technetium and astatine, and the antiproton, a subatomic antiparticle, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1959 along with Owen Chamberlain.
Born in Tivoli, near... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRP | SFP may refer to:
Science and technology
Scaling and root planing, in dentistry
Signal recognition particle, in cell biology
Spreading resistance profiling, for measuring semiconductor resistivity
Computing
Secure Remote Password protocol, for authentication
Server Routing Protocol, for BlackBerry
Spatial Reuse... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical%20phenomena | In physics, critical phenomena is the collective name associated with the
physics of critical points. Most of them stem from the divergence of the
correlation length, but also the dynamics slows down. Critical phenomena include scaling relations among different quantities, power-law divergences of some quantities (suc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooper%20pair | In condensed matter physics, a Cooper pair or BCS pair (Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer pair) is a pair of electrons (or other fermions) bound together at low temperatures in a certain manner first described in 1956 by American physicist Leon Cooper.
Description
Cooper showed that an arbitrarily small attraction between ele... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction-limited%20system | In optics, any optical instrument or system a microscope, telescope, or camera has a principal limit to its resolution due to the physics of diffraction. An optical instrument is said to be diffraction-limited if it has reached this limit of resolution performance. Other factors may affect an optical system's perform... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleavage%20furrow | In cell biology, the cleavage furrow is the indentation of the cell's surface that begins the progression of cleavage, by which animal and some algal cells undergo cytokinesis, the final splitting of the membrane, in the process of cell division. The same proteins responsible for muscle contraction, actin and myosin, b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isothiocyanate | In organic chemistry, isothiocyanate is the functional group , formed by substituting the oxygen in the isocyanate group with a sulfur. Many natural isothiocyanates from plants are produced by enzymatic conversion of metabolites called glucosinolates. These natural isothiocyanates, such as allyl isothiocyanate, are als... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden%20mean | Golden mean may refer to:
Golden mean (philosophy), the felicitous middle between the extremes of excess and deficiency
Golden mean (Judaism), a philosophy pertaining to body and soul in Jewish belief
Golden ratio, a specific mathematical ratio (sometimes called golden mean)
Golden ratio (mathematics and visual art)
Th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCS | CCS may refer to:
Business and brands
CC's, a corn chip brand
CCS.com, a skateboard/snowboard brand and retailer
Cross currency swap
Circuit City Stores, an American electronics retail company
Central Coast Section, of the California Interscholastic Federation
Computer science
Calculus of communicating systems, a mo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/88%20%28number%29 | 88 (eighty-eight) is the natural number following 87 and preceding 89.
In mathematics
88 is:
a refactorable number.
a primitive semiperfect number.
an untouchable number.
a hexadecagonal number.
an Erdős–Woods number, since it is possible to find sequences of 88 consecutive integers such that each inner member ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/76%20%28number%29 | 76 (seventy-six) is the natural number following 75 and preceding 77.
In mathematics
76 is:
a composite number; a square-prime, of the form (p2, q) where q is a higher prime. It is the ninth of this general form and the seventh of the form (22.q).
a Lucas number.
a telephone or involution number, the number of di... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/69%20%28number%29 | 69 (sixty-nine) is the natural number following 68 and preceding 70.
In mathematics
69 is:
a lucky number.
the twentieth semiprime (3.23) and the seventh of the form (3.q) where q is a higher prime.
the aliquot sum of sixty-nine is 27 within the aliquot sequence (69,27,13,1,0) and is the third composite number ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/72%20%28number%29 | 72 (seventy-two) is the natural number following 71 and preceding 73. It is half a gross or 6 dozen (i.e., 60 in duodecimal).
In mathematics
Seventy-two is a pronic number, as it is the product of 8 and 9. It is the smallest Achilles number, as it's a powerful number that is not itself a power.
72 is an abundant numb... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coprocessor | A coprocessor is a computer processor used to supplement the functions of the primary processor (the CPU). Operations performed by the coprocessor may be floating-point arithmetic, graphics, signal processing, string processing, cryptography or I/O interfacing with peripheral devices. By offloading processor-intensive ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowest%20common%20denominator | In mathematics, the lowest common denominator or least common denominator (abbreviated LCD) is the lowest common multiple of the denominators of a set of fractions. It simplifies adding, subtracting, and comparing fractions.
Description
The lowest common denominator of a set of fractions is the lowest number that is ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tympanum | Tympanum may refer to:
Tympanum (architecture), an architectural element located within the arch or pediment
Tympanum (anatomy), a hearing organ/gland in frogs and toads, a flat red oval on both sides of a frog's head
Tympanum, in biology, the eardrum
Tympanum, or tympanal organ, a hearing organ in insects
Tympan... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Lowell%20Putnam%20Mathematical%20Competition | The William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition, often abbreviated to Putnam Competition, is an annual mathematics competition for undergraduate college students enrolled at institutions of higher learning in the United States and Canada (regardless of the students' nationalities). It awards a scholarship and cash p... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-balancing%20binary%20search%20tree | In computer science, a self-balancing binary search tree (BST) is any node-based binary search tree that automatically keeps its height (maximal number of levels below the root) small in the face of arbitrary item insertions and deletions.
These operations when designed for a self-balancing binary search tree, contain ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Perkins%20%28businessman%29 | Thomas James Perkins (January 7, 1932 – June 7, 2016) was an American businessman and venture capitalist who was one of the founders of the venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins.
Biography
Perkins received a B.S. in electrical engineering and computer science from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1953. H... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direction | Direction may refer to:
Relative direction, for instance left, right, forward, backwards, up, and down
Anatomical terms of location for those used in anatomy
List of ship directions
Cardinal direction
Mathematics and science
Direction vector, a unit vector that defines a direction in multidimensional space
Directi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traitorous%20eight | The traitorous eight was a group of eight employees who left Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory in 1957 to found Fairchild Semiconductor. William Shockley had in 1956 recruited a group of young Ph.D. graduates with the goal to develop and produce new semiconductor devices. While Shockley had received a Nobel Prize in Ph... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overdrive | Overdrive may refer to:
Organizations
OverDrive, Inc., a digital distributor of entertainment media
OverDrive Media Console, a media player developed by OverDrive, Inc.
Overdrive PC, a subsidiary of Velocity Micro
Technology
Overdrive (mechanics), part of an automobile transmission
FIRST Overdrive, the 2008 game... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayer%E2%80%93Vietoris%20sequence | In mathematics, particularly algebraic topology and homology theory, the Mayer–Vietoris sequence is an algebraic tool to help compute algebraic invariants of topological spaces, known as their homology and cohomology groups. The result is due to two Austrian mathematicians, Walther Mayer and Leopold Vietoris. The metho... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium%20in%20biology | Calcium ions (Ca2+) contribute to the physiology and biochemistry of organisms' cells. They play an important role in signal transduction pathways, where they act as a second messenger, in neurotransmitter release from neurons, in contraction of all muscle cell types, and in fertilization. Many enzymes require calcium... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn%20Technical%20High%20School | Brooklyn Technical High School, commonly called Brooklyn Tech and administratively designated High School 430, is a public high school in New York City that specializes in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. It is one of the three original specialized high schools operated by the New York City Department... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium%20in%20biology | Potassium is the main intracellular ion for all types of cells, while having a major role in maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance. Potassium is necessary for the function of all living cells, and is thus present in all plant and animal tissues. It is found in especially high concentrations within plant cells, a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium%20in%20biology | Magnesium is an essential element in biological systems. Magnesium occurs typically as the Mg2+ ion. It is an essential mineral nutrient (i.e., element) for life and is present in every cell type in every organism. For example, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main source of energy in cells, must bind to a magnesium i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPE | PPE may refer to:
Medicine, science and technology
Personal protective equipment, against injury or infection
Palmoplantar erythema, peeling of skin from the palms
Perturbed physics ensemble, or perturbed parameter ensemble, climate ensembles in climate change research
Polyphenyl ether, a class of polymers
Poly(p... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gap%20buffer | A gap buffer in computer science is a dynamic array that allows efficient insertion and deletion operations clustered near the same location. Gap buffers are especially common in text editors, where most changes to the text occur at or near the current location of the cursor. The text is stored in a large buffer in two... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lone%20pair | In chemistry, a lone pair refers to a pair of valence electrons that are not shared with another atom in a covalent bond and is sometimes called an unshared pair or non-bonding pair. Lone pairs are found in the outermost electron shell of atoms. They can be identified by using a Lewis structure. Electron pairs are ther... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pico%20%28programming%20language%29 | Pico is a programming language developed at the Software Languages Lab at Vrije Universiteit Brussel. The language was created to introduce the essentials of programming to non-computer science students.
Pico can be seen as an effort to generate a palatable and enjoyable language for people who do not want to study ha... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence%20of%20categories | In category theory, a branch of abstract mathematics, an equivalence of categories is a relation between two categories that establishes that these categories are "essentially the same". There are numerous examples of categorical equivalences from many areas of mathematics. Establishing an equivalence involves demonstr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney%20Brenner | Sydney Brenner (13 January 1927 – 5 April 2019) was a South African biologist. In 2002, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with H. Robert Horvitz and Sir John E. Sulston. Brenner made significant contributions to work on the genetic code, and other areas of molecular biology while working in the Medic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad%20Garton | Brad Garton (born 1957) is an American composer and computer musician who is professor of music at Columbia University.
He has written, or helped to write, a number of computer music applications, including Real-Time Cmix, music synthesis and signal processing language for real time composition. He received his docto... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35%20%28number%29 | 35 (thirty-five) is the natural number following 34 and preceding 36.
In mathematics
35 is the sum of the first five triangular numbers, making it a tetrahedral number.
35 is the 10th discrete semiprime () and the first with 5 as the lowest non-unitary factor, thus being the first of the form (5.q) where q is a hig... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone%20duality | In mathematics, there is an ample supply of categorical dualities between certain categories of topological spaces and categories of partially ordered sets. Today, these dualities are usually collected under the label Stone duality, since they form a natural generalization of Stone's representation theorem for Boolean ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal%20system | Decimal system may refer to:
Decimal (base ten) number system, used in mathematics for writing numbers and performing arithmetic
Dewey Decimal System, a subject classification system used in libraries
Decimal currency system, where each unit of currency can be divided into 100 (or 10 or 1000) sub-units
See also
M... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mertens%20conjecture | In mathematics, the Mertens conjecture is the statement that the Mertens function is bounded by . Although now disproven, it had been shown to imply the Riemann hypothesis. It was conjectured by Thomas Joannes Stieltjes, in an 1885 letter to Charles Hermite (reprinted in ), and again in print by , and disproved by .
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear%20differential%20equation | In mathematics, a linear differential equation is a differential equation that is defined by a linear polynomial in the unknown function and its derivatives, that is an equation of the form
where and are arbitrary differentiable functions that do not need to be linear, and are the successive derivatives of an unkn... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%20situ | In situ (; often not italicized in English) is a Latin phrase that translates literally to "on site" or "in position." It can mean "locally", "on site", "on the premises", or "in place" to describe where an event takes place and is used in many different contexts. For example, in fields such as physics, geology, chemis... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Grimes | James Grimes may refer to:
James W. Grimes (1816–1872), American statesman
James Grimes (soccer) (born 1968), Canadian striker
James Walter Grimes (born 1953), American botanist
James Grimes, involved in the St Kilda Road robberies
See also
James Grime, contributor to Numberphile, a mathematics YouTube channel |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probably%20approximately%20correct%20learning | In computational learning theory, probably approximately correct (PAC) learning is a framework for mathematical analysis of machine learning. It was proposed in 1984 by Leslie Valiant.
In this framework, the learner receives samples and must select a generalization function (called the hypothesis) from a certain class... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crypto%20%28book%29 | Crypto: How the Code Rebels Beat the Government Saving Privacy in the Digital Age is a book about cryptography written by Steven Levy, published in 2001. Levy details the emergence of public key cryptography, digital signatures and the struggle between the National Security Agency (NSA) and the "cypherpunks". The book ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spline | Spline may refer to:
Mathematics
Spline (mathematics), a mathematical function used for interpolation or smoothing
Smoothing spline, a method of smoothing using a spline function
Devices
Spline (mechanical), a mating feature for rotating elements
Flat spline, a device to draw curves
Spline drive, a type of scre... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone%20space | In topology and related areas of mathematics, a Stone space, also known as a profinite space or profinite set, is a compact totally disconnected Hausdorff space. Stone spaces are named after Marshall Harvey Stone who introduced and studied them in the 1930s in the course of his investigation of Boolean algebras, which ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley%20Pons | Bobby Stanley Pons (born August 23, 1943) is an American electrochemist known for his work with Martin Fleischmann on cold fusion in the 1980s and 1990s.
Early life
Pons was born in Valdese, North Carolina. He attended Valdese High School, then Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, where he studied ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band-stop%20filter | In signal processing, a band-stop filter or band-rejection filter is a filter that passes most frequencies unaltered, but attenuates those in a specific range to very low levels. It is the opposite of a band-pass filter. A notch filter is a band-stop filter with a narrow stopband (high Q factor).
Narrow notch filter... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei%20Sobolev | Prof Sergei Lvovich Sobolev () FRSE (6 October 1908 – 3 January 1989) was a Soviet mathematician working in mathematical analysis and partial differential equations.
Sobolev introduced notions that are now fundamental for several areas of mathematics. Sobolev spaces can be defined by some growth conditions on the Four... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walsh%20function | In mathematics, more specifically in harmonic analysis, Walsh functions form a complete orthogonal set of functions that can be used to represent any discrete function—just like trigonometric functions can be used to represent any continuous function in Fourier analysis. They can thus be viewed as a discrete, digital ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group%20algebra%20of%20a%20locally%20compact%20group | In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, the group algebra is any of various constructions to assign to a locally compact group an operator algebra (or more generally a Banach algebra), such that representations of the algebra are related to representations of the group. As such, they are similar to t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Support%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, the support of a real-valued function is the subset of the function domain containing the elements which are not mapped to zero. If the domain of is a topological space, then the support of is instead defined as the smallest closed set containing all points not mapped to zero. This concept is used ve... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflex | In biology, a reflex, or reflex action, is an involuntary, unplanned sequence or action and nearly instantaneous response to a stimulus.
Reflexes are found with varying levels of complexity in organisms with a nervous system. A reflex occurs via neural pathways in the nervous system called reflex arcs. A stimulus ini... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton%20Burg | Anton Behme Burg (October 18, 1904 – November 18, 2003) was an American chemist. He was chairman of the University of Southern California chemistry department and an expert on boron.
Burg joined USC in 1939 as an assistant professor. He built up USC's chemistry department, making it one of the best chemistry departmen... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20de%20Hevesy | George Charles de Hevesy (born György Bischitz; ; ; 1 August 1885 – 5 July 1966) was a Hungarian radiochemist and Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureate, recognized in 1943 for his key role in the development of radioactive tracers to study chemical processes such as in the metabolism of animals. He also co-discovered the e... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20C.%20Brown | Herbert Charles Brown (May 22, 1912 – December 19, 2004) was an American chemist and recipient of the 1979 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work with organoboranes.
Life and career
Brown was born Herbert Brovarnik in London, to Ukrainian Jewish immigrants from Zhitomir, Pearl (née Gorinstein) and Charles Brovarnik, a ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%27s%20sixteenth%20problem | Hilbert's 16th problem was posed by David Hilbert at the Paris conference of the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1900, as part of his list of 23 problems in mathematics.
The original problem was posed as the Problem of the topology of algebraic curves and surfaces (Problem der Topologie algebraischer Kurve... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Franck | James Franck (; 26 August 1882 – 21 May 1964) was a German physicist who won the 1925 Nobel Prize for Physics with Gustav Hertz "for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom". He completed his doctorate in 1906 and his habilitation in 1911 at the Frederick William University in Berli... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singleton%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, a singleton, also known as a unit set or one-point set, is a set with exactly one element. For example, the set is a singleton whose single element is .
Properties
Within the framework of Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory, the axiom of regularity guarantees that no set is an element of itself. This implies ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyoshi%20Oka | was a Japanese mathematician who did fundamental work in the theory of several complex variables.
Biography
Oka was born in Osaka. He went to Kyoto Imperial University in 1919, turning to mathematics in 1923 and graduating in 1924.
He was in Paris for three years from 1929, returning to Hiroshima University. He pub... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulation | Circulation may refer to:
Science and technology
Atmospheric circulation, the large-scale movement of air
Circulation (physics), the path integral of the fluid velocity around a closed curve in a fluid flow field
Circulatory system, a biological organ system whose primary function is to move substances to and from ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural%20philosophy | Natural philosophy or philosophy of nature (from Latin philosophia naturalis) is the philosophical study of physics, that is, nature and the physical universe. It was dominant before the development of modern science.
From the ancient world (at least since Aristotle) until the 19th century, natural philosophy was the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanism | Mechanism may refer to:
Mechanism (engineering), rigid bodies connected by joints in order to accomplish a desired force and/or motion transmission
Mechanism (biology), explaining how a feature is created
Mechanism (philosophy), a theory that all natural phenomena can be explained by physical causes
Mechanism (sociolo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof%20that%2022/7%20exceeds%20%CF%80 | Proofs of the mathematical result that the rational number is greater than (pi) date back to antiquity. One of these proofs, more recently developed but requiring only elementary techniques from calculus, has attracted attention in modern mathematics due to its mathematical elegance and its connections to the theory ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier%20inversion%20theorem | In mathematics, the Fourier inversion theorem says that for many types of functions it is possible to recover a function from its Fourier transform. Intuitively it may be viewed as the statement that if we know all frequency and phase information about a wave then we may reconstruct the original wave precisely.
The th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal%20Abelson | Harold Abelson (born April 26, 1947) is the Class of 1922 Professor of Computer Science and Engineering in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), a founding director of both Creative Commons and the Free Software Foundation, creator of the MIT A... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projective%20linear%20group | In mathematics, especially in the group theoretic area of algebra, the projective linear group (also known as the projective general linear group or PGL) is the induced action of the general linear group of a vector space V on the associated projective space P(V). Explicitly, the projective linear group is the quotient... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruence%20subgroup | In mathematics, a congruence subgroup of a matrix group with integer entries is a subgroup defined by congruence conditions on the entries. A very simple example is the subgroup of invertible 2 × 2 integer matrices of determinant 1 in which the off-diagonal entries are even. More generally, the notion of congruence sub... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMI | IMI may refer to:
Companies and organizations
IMI plc, a British engineering company
IMI Systems, an Israeli weapons manufacturer
Indian Music Industry, a trust that represents the recording industry distributors in India
Indonesian Motor Association
Institute of Mathematics and Informatics (Bulgarian Academy of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofiniteness | In mathematics, a cofinite subset of a set is a subset whose complement in is a finite set. In other words, contains all but finitely many elements of If the complement is not finite, but is countable, then one says the set is cocountable.
These arise naturally when generalizing structures on finite sets to infin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birational%20geometry | In mathematics, birational geometry is a field of algebraic geometry in which the goal is to determine when two algebraic varieties are isomorphic outside lower-dimensional subsets. This amounts to studying mappings that are given by rational functions rather than polynomials; the map may fail to be defined where the r... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polydivisible%20number | In mathematics a polydivisible number (or magic number) is a number in a given number base with digits abcde... that has the following properties:
Its first digit a is not 0.
The number formed by its first two digits ab is a multiple of 2.
The number formed by its first three digits abc is a multiple of 3.
The num... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seifert%E2%80%93Van%20Kampen%20theorem | In mathematics, the Seifert–Van Kampen theorem of algebraic topology (named after Herbert Seifert and Egbert van Kampen), sometimes just called Van Kampen's theorem, expresses the structure of the fundamental group of a topological space in terms of the fundamental groups of two open, path-connected subspaces that co... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher%20McKee | Christopher Fulton McKee (born 1942) is an astrophysicist.
McKee attended Phillips Academy and Harvard University, and obtained a Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) in 1970 under advisor George B. Field. In 1974, he was appointed Professor of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Berk... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret%20Livingstone | Margaret Stratford Livingstone is the Takeda Professor of Neurobiology in the Department of Neurobiology at Harvard Medical School in the field of visual perception. She authored the book Vision and Art: The Biology of Seeing. She was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2015 and was electe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyman%20Spitzer | Lyman Spitzer Jr. (June 26, 1914 – March 31, 1997) was an American theoretical physicist, astronomer and mountaineer. As a scientist, he carried out research into star formation, plasma physics, and in 1946, conceived the idea of telescopes operating in outer space. Spitzer invented the stellarator plasma device and is... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp%20Frank | Philipp Frank (March 20, 1884 – July 21, 1966) was a physicist, mathematician and philosopher of the early-to-mid 20th century. He was a logical positivist, and a member of the Vienna Circle. He was influenced by Mach and was one of the Machists criticised by Lenin in Materialism and Empirio-criticism.
Biography
He st... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian%20school%20of%20algebraic%20geometry | In relation to the history of mathematics, the Italian school of algebraic geometry refers to mathematicians and their work in birational geometry, particularly on algebraic surfaces, centered around Rome roughly from 1885 to 1935. There were 30 to 40 leading mathematicians who made major contributions, about half of t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithmic%20learning%20theory | Algorithmic learning theory is a mathematical framework for analyzing
machine learning problems and algorithms. Synonyms include formal learning theory and algorithmic inductive inference. Algorithmic learning theory is different from statistical learning theory in that it does not make use of statistical assumptions ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich%20K%C3%A4hler | Erich Kähler (; 16 January 1906 – 31 May 2000) was a German mathematician with wide-ranging interests in geometry and mathematical physics, who laid important mathematical groundwork for algebraic geometry and for string theory.
Education and life
Erich Kähler was born in Leipzig, the son of a telegraph inspector Erns... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%C3%BAr%20G%C3%B6rgei | Artúr Görgei de Görgő et Toporc (born Arthur Görgey; , ; 30 January 181821 May 1916) was a Hungarian military leader renowned for being one of the greatest generals of the Hungarian Revolutionary Army.
In his youth, Görgei was a talented chemist, with his work in the field of chemistry being recognized by many renown... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitology | Parasitology is the study of parasites, their hosts, and the relationship between them. As a biological discipline, the scope of parasitology is not determined by the organism or environment in question but by their way of life. This means it forms a synthesis of other disciplines, and draws on techniques from fields s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhu%20Sudan | Madhu Sudan (born 12 September 1966) is an Indian-American computer scientist. He has been a Gordon McKay Professor of Computer Science at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences since 2015.
Career
He received his bachelor's degree in computer science from IIT Delhi in 1987 and his docto... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersection%20number | In mathematics, and especially in algebraic geometry, the intersection number generalizes the intuitive notion of counting the number of times two curves intersect to higher dimensions, multiple (more than 2) curves, and accounting properly for tangency. One needs a definition of intersection number in order to state r... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt%20Alder | Kurt Alder (; 10 July 1902 – 20 June 1958) was a German chemist and Nobel laureate.
Biography
Alder was born in the industrial area of Königshütte, Silesia (modern day Chorzów, Upper Silesia, Poland), where he received his early schooling. Alder left the area when Königshütte became part of Poland in 1922. He studied ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic%20of%20abelian%20varieties | In mathematics, the arithmetic of abelian varieties is the study of the number theory of an abelian variety, or a family of abelian varieties. It goes back to the studies of Pierre de Fermat on what are now recognized as elliptic curves; and has become a very substantial area of arithmetic geometry both in terms of res... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.