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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trig%20%28disambiguation%29 | Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that studies relationships between side lengths and angles of triangles.
Trig also may refer to:
Trig functions
TriG (syntax), a format for storing and transmitting Resource Description Framework (RDF) data
Trig points, also known as triangulation stations
Trig Paxson Van Pa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RPL | RPL may refer to:
Public Safety
Registured Public Safety Leader (RPL) Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials-International
Medicine and biology
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: recurrent miscarriages
Computing
Raptor Lake series Intel CPUs
Real-time Programming Language
Reciprocal Public License
Re... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute%20for%20Theoretical%20and%20Experimental%20Physics | The Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP; Russian Институт теоретической и экспериментальной физики) is a multi-disciplinary research center located in Moscow, Russia. ITEP carries out research in the fields of theoretical and mathematical physics, astrophysics, high energy particle physics, nuclear... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Hall | Tom Hall is an American game designer best known for his work with id Software on titles such as Doom and Commander Keen.
Career
Hall attended the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where he earned a B.S. in Computer Science. In 1987, Hall worked at Softdisk Inc., where he was both a programmer and the editor of Softdis... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griffith%20University | Griffith University is a public research university in South East Queensland on the east coast of Australia. Founded in 1971, Griffith was opened in 1975, introducing Australia's first degrees in environmental science and Asian Studies. The university has five campuses, in Gold Coast, Nathan, Logan, South Bank, and Mou... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primorial%20prime | In mathematics, a primorial prime is a prime number of the form pn# ± 1, where pn# is the primorial of pn (i.e. the product of the first n primes).
Primality tests show that
pn# − 1 is prime for n = 2, 3, 5, 6, 13, 24, ...
pn# + 1 is prime for n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, ...
The first term of the second sequence i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mermithogyne | Usually characterised by shortened wings, mermithogynes are found in parts of the Formicidae, being queens affected by parasitic nematode worms of the genus Mermis.
See also
Mermithergate
Polymorphism (biology)
References
Further reading
(1910): The effects of parasitic and other kinds of castration in insects. J... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation%20%28mathematics%29 | Rotation in mathematics is a concept originating in geometry. Any rotation is a motion of a certain space that preserves at least one point. It can describe, for example, the motion of a rigid body around a fixed point. Rotation can have a sign (as in the sign of an angle): a clockwise rotation is a negative magnitude ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20Barry%20Sharpless | Karl Barry Sharpless (born April 28, 1941) is an American chemist. He is a two-time Nobel laureate in Chemistry known for his work on stereoselective reactions and click chemistry.
Sharpless was awarded half of the 2001 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions", and one third of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/120%20%28number%29 | 120 (one hundred [and] twenty) is the natural number following 119 and preceding 121.
In the Germanic languages, the number 120 was also formerly known as "one hundred". This "hundred" of six score is now obsolete, but is described as the long hundred or great hundred in historical contexts.
In mathematics
120 is
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/119%20%28number%29 | 119 (one hundred [and] nineteen) is the natural number following 118 and preceding 120.
Mathematics
119 is a Perrin number, preceded in the sequence by 51, 68, 90 (it is the sum of the first two mentioned).
119 is the sum of five consecutive primes (17 + 19 + 23 + 29 + 31).
119 is the sum of seven consecutive prim... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaching | Leaching is the loss or extraction of certain materials from a carrier into a liquid (usually, but not always a solvent). and may refer to:
Leaching (agriculture), the loss of water-soluble plant nutrients from the soil; or applying a small amount of excess irrigation to avoid soil salinity
Leaching (chemistry), the p... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charts%20on%20SO%283%29 | In mathematics, the special orthogonal group in three dimensions, otherwise known as the rotation group SO(3), is a naturally occurring example of a manifold. The various charts on SO(3) set up rival coordinate systems: in this case there cannot be said to be a preferred set of parameters describing a rotation. There a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin%20group | In mathematics the spin group Spin(n) is a Lie group whose underlying manifold is the double cover of the special orthogonal group , such that there exists a short exact sequence of Lie groups (when )
The group multiplication law on the double cover is given by lifting the multiplication on .
As a Lie group, Spin(n) ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real%20projective%20plane | In mathematics, the real projective plane is an example of a compact non-orientable two-dimensional manifold; in other words, a one-sided surface. It cannot be embedded in standard three-dimensional space without intersecting itself. It has basic applications to geometry, since the common construction of the real proj... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth | Growth may refer to:
Biology
Auxology, the study of all aspects of human physical growth
Bacterial growth
Cell growth
Growth hormone, a peptide hormone that stimulates growth
Human development (biology)
Plant growth
Secondary growth, growth that thickens woody plants
A tumor or other such neoplasm
Economics
Economic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCL | The initialism OCL can have several meanings, depending on context:
OCl−, the hypochlorite ion, in chemistry
Open Content License
Object Constraint Language
IBM Open Class Library
Operational Control Language of IBM mid-range computers
Overseas Containers Limited, former shipping company
OFC Champions League, football ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%20angles | The Euler angles are three angles introduced by Leonhard Euler to describe the orientation of a rigid body with respect to a fixed coordinate system.
They can also represent the orientation of a mobile frame of reference in physics or the orientation of a general basis in 3-dimensional linear algebra.
Classic Euler a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OTC | OTC may refer to:
Finance
Over-the-counter (finance)
One time charge, for example in the big bath technique
Order to cash process
Medicine
Over-the-counter drug
Oxytetracycline
Biochemistry
Ornithine transcarbamylase, also called OTC gene or ornithine carbamoyltransferase
Computer science and technology
On... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20States%20Naval%20Research%20Laboratory | The United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is the corporate research laboratory for the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps. It was founded in 1923 and conducts basic scientific research, applied research, technological development and prototyping. The laboratory's specialties include plasma ph... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20biology | Human biology is an interdisciplinary area of academic study that examines humans through the influences and interplay of many diverse fields such as genetics, evolution, physiology, anatomy, epidemiology, anthropology, ecology, nutrition, population genetics, and sociocultural influences. It is closely related to the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random%20Fibonacci%20sequence | In mathematics, the random Fibonacci sequence is a stochastic analogue of the Fibonacci sequence defined by the recurrence relation , where the signs + or − are chosen at random with equal probability , independently for different . By a theorem of Harry Kesten and Hillel Furstenberg, random recurrent sequences of this... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abelian%20and%20Tauberian%20theorems | In mathematics, Abelian and Tauberian theorems are theorems giving conditions for two methods of summing divergent series to give the same result, named after Niels Henrik Abel and Alfred Tauber. The original examples are Abel's theorem showing that if a series converges to some limit then its Abel sum is the same limi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetry%20of%20second%20derivatives | In mathematics, the symmetry of second derivatives (also called the equality of mixed partials) refers to the possibility of interchanging the order of taking partial derivatives of a function
of variables without changing the result under certain conditions (see below). The symmetry is the assertion that the second-... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessian%20matrix | In mathematics, the Hessian matrix, Hessian or (less commonly) Hesse matrix is a square matrix of second-order partial derivatives of a scalar-valued function, or scalar field. It describes the local curvature of a function of many variables. The Hessian matrix was developed in the 19th century by the German mathematic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%20efficiency | Energy efficiency may refer to:
Energy efficiency (physics), the ratio between the useful output and input of an energy conversion process
Electrical efficiency, useful power output per electrical power consumed
Mechanical efficiency, a ratio of the measured performance to the performance of an ideal machine
Ther... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stain%20%28disambiguation%29 | A stain is an unwanted localized discoloration, often in fabrics or textiles.
Stain(s) or The Stain(s) may also refer to:
Color
Stain (heraldry), a non-standard tincture
Staining, in biology, a technique used to highlight contrast in samples
Wood stain, a type of paint used to color wood
Arts and entertainment
M... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepia | Sepia may refer to:
Biology
Sepia (cephalopod), a genus of cuttlefish
Color
Sepia (color), a reddish-brown color
Sepia tone, a photography technique
Music
Sepia, a 2001 album by Coco Mbassi
Sepia, a 2002 album by Yu Takahashi
"Sepia" (song), by the Manic Street Preachers
"Sepia", a song on the album Perfecto ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotypic%20taxon | In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispecific" or "monospecific" is sometimes preferred. In botanical nomenclature, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henstock%E2%80%93Kurzweil%20integral | In mathematics, the Henstock–Kurzweil integral or generalized Riemann integral or gauge integral – also known as the (narrow) Denjoy integral (pronounced ), Luzin integral or Perron integral, but not to be confused with the more general wide Denjoy integral – is one of a number of inequivalent definitions of the integr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Kantrowitz | Arthur Robert Kantrowitz (October 20, 1913 – November 29, 2008) was an American scientist, engineer, and educator.
Kantrowitz grew up in The Bronx and graduated from DeWitt Clinton High School. He earned his B.S., M.A. and, in 1947, his Ph.D. degrees in physics from Columbia University.
Early life
Kantrowitz was bor... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oct | Oct or OCT may refer to:
Biology and medicine
Optical coherence tomography, an imaging method
Organic cation transport protein, a type of protein
Optimal cutting temperature compound, used in histology
Oncology clinical trial, a clinical trial in cancer research
Oxytocin challenge test, a type of contraction str... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pincherle%20derivative | In mathematics, the Pincherle derivative of a linear operator on the vector space of polynomials in the variable x over a field is the commutator of with the multiplication by x in the algebra of endomorphisms . That is, is another linear operator
(for the origin of the notation, see the article on the adjoint ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convex | Convex or convexity may refer to:
Science and technology
Convex lens, in optics
Mathematics
Convex set, containing the whole line segment that joins points
Convex polygon, a polygon which encloses a convex set of points
Convex polytope, a polytope with a convex set of points
Convex metric space, a generalization... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical%20parameter | In statistics, as opposed to its general use in mathematics, a parameter is any measured quantity of a statistical population that summarizes or describes an aspect of the population, such as a mean or a standard deviation. If a population exactly follows a known and defined distribution, for example the normal distrib... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Geophysical%20Association | The British Geophysical Association (BGA) is a joint association of the Royal Astronomical Society and the Geological Society of London, which advances the interests of geophysics and geophysicists within the UK. It aims to promote the subject of geophysics and strengthen the ties between the geological and geophysica... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment | Moment or Moments may refer to:
Science
Moment (mathematics), a concept in probability theory and statistics
Moment (physics), a combination of a physical quantity and a distance
Moment of force, torque
Time
Present time
An instant
Moment (unit), a medieval unit of time
Technology
Moment space surveillance co... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%20Geophysical%20Society | The German Geophysical Society (, DGG) is a society for geophysics in Germany; it was founded on 19 Sep 1922 in Leipzig, Germany on the initiative of the seismologist Emil Wiechert, as the Deutsche Seismologische Gesellschaft (German Seismological Society).
Among its founding members were also Karl Erich Andrée, , , Be... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterilization%20%28microbiology%29 | Sterilization (or sterilisation) refers to any process that removes, kills, or deactivates all forms of life (particularly microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, spores, and unicellular eukaryotic organisms) and other biological agents such as prions present in or on a specific surface, object, or fluid. Sterilization... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syzygy | Syzygy (from Greek Συζυγία "conjunction, yoked together") may refer to:
Science
Syzygy (astronomy), a collinear configuration of three celestial bodies
Syzygy (mathematics), linear relation between generators of a module
Syzygy, in biology, the pairing of chromosomes during meiosis
Syzygy endgame tablebases, used... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedex | Cedex or CEDEX may refer to:
Centro de Estudios y Experimentación de Obras Públicas, a civil engineering research agency in Spain
Courrier d'Entreprise à Distribution EXceptionnelle, a system designed for recipients of large volumes of mail in France
Container Equipment Data Exchange, also known as ISO 9897
The Centre... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centro%20de%20Estudios%20y%20Experimentaci%C3%B3n%20de%20Obras%20P%C3%BAblicas | The Centro de Estudios y Experimentación de Obras Públicas (CEDEX) is a civil engineering research agency in Spain. It was founded in 1957.
External links
CEDEX in English
Research institutes in Spain
Scientific organizations established in 1957
1957 establishments in Spain |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Kendrew | Sir John Cowdery Kendrew, (24 March 1917 – 23 August 1997) was an English biochemist, crystallographer, and science administrator. Kendrew shared the 1962 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Max Perutz, for their work at the Cavendish Laboratory to investigate the structure of haem-containing proteins.
Education and early... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs | Higgs may refer to:
Physics
Higgs boson, an elementary particle
Higgs mechanism, an explanation for electroweak symmetry breaking
Higgs field, a quantum field
People
Alan Higgs (died 1979), English businessman and philanthropist
Blaine Higgs (born 1954), Canadian politician; Premier of New Brunswick
Denis Higgs (1929... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isobaric%20process | In thermodynamics, an isobaric process is a type of thermodynamic process in which the pressure of the system stays constant: ΔP = 0. The heat transferred to the system does work, but also changes the internal energy (U) of the system. This article uses the physics sign convention for work, where positive work is work... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Ricardo | Sir Harry Ralph Ricardo (26 January 1885 – 18 May 1974) was an English engineer who was one of the foremost engine designers and researchers in the early years of the development of the internal combustion engine.
Among his many other works, he improved the engines that were used in the first tanks, oversaw the resear... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rewriting | In mathematics, computer science, and logic, rewriting covers a wide range of methods of replacing subterms of a formula with other terms. Such methods may be achieved by rewriting systems (also known as rewrite systems, rewrite engines, or reduction systems). In their most basic form, they consist of a set of objects,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balmer%20series | The Balmer series, or Balmer lines in atomic physics, is one of a set of six named series describing the spectral line emissions of the hydrogen atom. The Balmer series is calculated using the Balmer formula, an empirical equation discovered by Johann Balmer in 1885.
The visible spectrum of light from hydrogen display... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyman%20series | In physics and chemistry, the Lyman series is a hydrogen spectral series of transitions and resulting ultraviolet emission lines of the hydrogen atom as an electron goes from n ≥ 2 to n = 1 (where n is the principal quantum number), the lowest energy level of the electron. The transitions are named sequentially by Gre... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20J.%20Tipler | Frank Jennings Tipler (born February 1, 1947) is an American mathematical physicist and cosmologist, holding a joint appointment in the Departments of Mathematics and Physics at Tulane University. Tipler has written books and papers on the Omega Point based on Pierre Teilhard de Chardin's religious ideas, which he clai... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface%20energy | In surface science, surface energy (also interfacial free energy or surface free energy) quantifies the disruption of intermolecular bonds that occurs when a surface is created. In solid-state physics, surfaces must be intrinsically less energetically favorable than the bulk of the material (the atoms on the surface ha... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square%20triangular%20number | In mathematics, a square triangular number (or triangular square number) is a number which is both a triangular number and a square number. There are infinitely many square triangular numbers; the first few are:
0, 1, 36, , , , , , ,
Explicit formulas
Write for the th square triangular number, and write and for th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral%20evolution | Viral evolution is a subfield of evolutionary biology and virology that is specifically concerned with the evolution of viruses. Viruses have short generation times, and many—in particular RNA viruses—have relatively high mutation rates (on the order of one point mutation or more per genome per round of replication). A... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Marr%20%28neuroscientist%29 | David Courtenay Marr (19 January 1945 – 17 November 1980) was a British neuroscientist and physiologist. Marr integrated results from psychology, artificial intelligence, and neurophysiology into new models of visual processing. His work was very influential in computational neuroscience and led to a resurgence of inte... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light%20Weight%20Kernel%20Threads | Light Weight Kernel Threads (LWKT) is a computer science term and from DragonFly BSD in particular. LWKTs differ from normal kernel threads in that they can preempt normal kernel threads. According to Matt Dillon, DragonFlyBSD creator:
See also
Light-weight process
Thread (computing)
Sources
Matt Dillon's post about... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20Eaton | Philip E. Eaton (June 2, 1936 – July 21, 2023) was an American chemist. He served as Professor Emeritus of Chemistry at the University of Chicago. Eaton and his fellow researchers were the first to synthesize the "impossible" cubane molecule in 1964.
Working with Mao-Xi Zhang he is reported as having been the first to... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutational%20meltdown | In evolutionary genetics, mutational meltdown is a sub class of extinction vortex in which the environment and genetic predisposition mutually reinforce each other. Mutational meltdown (not to be confused with the concept of an error catastrophe) is the accumulation of harmful mutations in a small population, which lea... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthonectida | Orthonectida () is a small phylum of poorly known parasites of marine invertebrates that are among the simplest of multi-cellular organisms. Members of this phylum are known as orthonectids.
Biology
The adults, which are the sexual stage, are microscopic wormlike animals, consisting of a single layer of ciliated outer... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular | Cellular may refer to:
Cellular automaton, a model in discrete mathematics
Cell biology, the evaluation of cells work and more
Cellular (film), a 2004 movie
Cellular frequencies, assigned to networks operating in cellular RF bands
Cellular manufacturing
Cellular network, cellular radio networks
U.S. Cellular Field, al... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elias%20M.%20Stein | Elias Menachem Stein (January 13, 1931 – December 23, 2018) was an American mathematician who was a leading figure in the field of harmonic analysis. He was the Albert Baldwin Dod Professor of Mathematics, Emeritus, at Princeton University, where he was a faculty member from 1963 until his death in 2018.
Biography
Ste... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary%20biology | Evolutionary biology is the subfield of biology that studies the evolutionary processes (natural selection, common descent, speciation) that produced the diversity of life on Earth. It is also defined as the study of the history of life forms on Earth. Evolution holds that all species are related and gradually change o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach%20wave | In fluid dynamics, a Mach wave is a pressure wave traveling with the speed of sound caused by a slight change of pressure added to a compressible flow. These weak waves can combine in supersonic flow to become a shock wave if sufficient Mach waves are present at any location. Such a shock wave is called a Mach stem or ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumetric%20flow%20rate | In physics and engineering, in particular fluid dynamics, the volumetric flow rate (also known as volume flow rate, or volume velocity) is the volume of fluid which passes per unit time; usually it is represented by the symbol (sometimes ). It contrasts with mass flow rate, which is the other main type of fluid flow r... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heesch | Heesch can refer to:
Heesch, Netherlands, a town in the Bernheze municipality
Heinrich Heesch (1906–1995), German mathematician
Heesch's problem in mathematics
Surnames of German origin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetics%20%28journal%29 | Genetics is a monthly scientific journal publishing investigations bearing on heredity, genetics, biochemistry and molecular biology. Genetics is published by the Genetics Society of America. It has a delayed open access policy, and makes articles available online without a subscription after 12 months have elapsed sin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrinsic%20parity | In quantum mechanics, the intrinsic parity is a phase factor that arises as an eigenvalue of the parity operation (a reflection about the origin). To see that the parity's eigenvalues are phase factors, we assume an eigenstate of the parity operation (this is realized because the intrinsic parity is a property of a pa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XC | XC may refer to:
Science and technology
XC (programming language), a concurrent programming language developed by XMOS
Capacitive reactance or XC, a property of a capacitor
Exact cover problem, in theoretical computer science
Xeno-canto, citizen science website for bird calls
Xerox copy, in correspondence
Xylene... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLOS%20Biology | PLOS Biology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of biology. Publication began on October 13, 2003. It is the first journal published by the Public Library of Science. The editor-in-chief is Nonia Pariente.
In addition to research articles, the journal publishes magazine content aimed to... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life%20of%20Pi | Life of Pi is a Canadian philosophical novel by Yann Martel published in 2001. The protagonist is Piscine Molitor "Pi" Patel, an Indian boy from Pondicherry, India, who explores issues of spirituality and metaphysics from an early age. He survives 227 days after a shipwreck while stranded on a lifeboat in the Pacific O... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%20picture | In physics, the Schrödinger picture or Schrödinger representation is a formulation of quantum mechanics in which the state vectors evolve in time, but the operators (observables and others) are mostly constant with respect to time (an exception is the Hamiltonian which may change if the potential changes). This differ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College%20of%20the%20Atlantic | College of the Atlantic (COA) is a private college in Bar Harbor on Mount Desert Island, Maine. Founded in 1969, it awards bachelors and masters (M.Phil.) degrees solely in the field of human ecology, an interdisciplinary approach to learning. Focus areas include arts and design, environmental sciences, humanities, int... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical%20Review | Physical Review is a peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1893 by Edward Nichols. It publishes original research as well as scientific and literature reviews on all aspects of physics. It is published by the American Physical Society (APS). The journal is in its third series, and is split in several sub-jour... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1778%20in%20science | The year 1778 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
Lagrange delivers his treatise on cometary perturbations to the Académie française.
Chemistry
Molybdenum discovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele.
Antoine Lavoisier, considered "The father of modern chemistry", recognizes and names oxyge... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1823%20in%20science | The year 1823 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy
Olbers' paradox is described by the German astronomer Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers.
Cambridge Observatory established in England.
December 29 – Great Comet of 1823 first observed.
Chemistry
June 17 – Charles Maci... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%20energy | Free energy may refer to:
Science
Free energy perturbation, a method based on statistical mechanics used in computational chemistry
Free energy principle, a variational formulation of self-organisation in biological systems, applied in particular to neuroscience
Free-energy relationship, a relationship in physical... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical%20efficiency | In mechanical engineering, mechanical efficiency is a dimensionless ratio that measures the efficiency of a mechanism or machine in transforming the power input to the device to power output. A machine is a mechanical linkage in which force is applied at one point, and the force does work moving a load at another poin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbey%20Pumping%20Station | The Abbey Pumping Station is a museum of science and technology in Leicester, England, on Corporation Road, next to the National Space Centre. With four working steam-powered beam engines from its time as a sewage pumping station, it also houses exhibits for transport, public health, light and optics, toys and civil en... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0-calculus | In theoretical computer science, the -calculus (or pi-calculus) is a process calculus. The -calculus allows channel names to be communicated along the channels themselves, and in this way it is able to describe concurrent computations whose network configuration may change during the computation.
The -calculus has few... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete%20optimization | Discrete optimization is a branch of optimization in applied mathematics and computer science.
Scope
As opposed to continuous optimization, some or all of the variables used in a discrete optimization problem are restricted to be discrete variables—that is, to assume only a discrete set of values, such as the integers... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous%20optimization | Continuous optimization is a branch of optimization in applied mathematics.
As opposed to discrete optimization, the variables used in the objective function are required to be continuous variables—that is, to be chosen from a set of real values between which there are no gaps (values from intervals of the real line).... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axioms%20%28journal%29 | Axioms is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal that focuses on all aspects of mathematics, mathematical logic and mathematical physics. It was established in June 2012 and is published quarterly by MDPI.
In September 2021 the journal was among the initial 13 journals included in the official Norwegian list o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incidence%20matrix | In mathematics, an incidence matrix is a logical matrix that shows the relationship between two classes of objects, usually called an incidence relation. If the first class is X and the second is Y, the matrix has one row for each element of X and one column for each element of Y. The entry in row x and column y is 1 i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20Kammler | Hans Kammler (26 August 1901 – 1945 [assumed]) was an SS-Obergruppenführer responsible for Nazi civil engineering projects and its top secret V-weapons program. He oversaw the construction of various Nazi concentration camps before being put in charge of the V-2 rocket and Emergency Fighter Programs towards the end of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma | Sigma ( ; uppercase Σ, lowercase σ, lowercase in word-final position ς; ) is the eighteenth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 200. In general mathematics, uppercase Σ is used as an operator for summation. When used at the end of a letter-case word (one that does not use a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical%20Review%20Focus | Physical Review Focus was an internet service of the American Physical Society that began in 1998, aiming to explain new developments in physics in a language understandable to the educated non-physicist. One or two short articles were published weekly. In 2011, it merged with the magazine Physics (physics.aps.org) and... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratio%20test | In mathematics, the ratio test is a test (or "criterion") for the convergence of a series
where each term is a real or complex number and is nonzero when is large. The test was first published by Jean le Rond d'Alembert and is sometimes known as d'Alembert's ratio test or as the Cauchy ratio test.
The test
The us... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-analytic%20smooth%20function | In mathematics, smooth functions (also called infinitely differentiable functions) and analytic functions are two very important types of functions. One can easily prove that any analytic function of a real argument is smooth. The converse is not true, as demonstrated with the counterexample below.
One of the most imp... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/130%20%28number%29 | 130 (one hundred [and] thirty) is the natural number following 129 and preceding 131.
In mathematics
130 is a sphenic number. It is a noncototient since there is no answer to the equation x - φ(x) = 130.
130 is the only integer that is the sum of the squares of its first four divisors, including 1: 12 + 22 + 52 + 102... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tractive%20force | As used in mechanical engineering, the term tractive force can either refer to the total traction a vehicle exerts on a surface, or the amount of the total traction that is parallel to the direction of motion.
In railway engineering, the term tractive effort is often used synonymously with tractive force to describe th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/140%20%28number%29 | 140 (one hundred [and] forty) is the natural number following 139 and preceding 141.
In mathematics
140 is an abundant number and a harmonic divisor number. It is the sum of the squares of the first seven integers, which makes it a square pyramidal number.
140 is an odious number because it has an odd number of ones... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/150%20%28number%29 | 150 (one hundred [and] fifty) is the natural number following 149 and preceding 151.
In mathematics
150 is the sum of eight consecutive primes (7 + 11 + 13 + 17 + 19 + 23 + 29 + 31). Given 150, the Mertens function returns 0.
150 is conjectured to be the only minimal difference greater than 1 of any increasing arithm... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bragg%27s%20law | In physics and chemistry, Bragg's law, Wulff–Bragg's condition or Laue–Bragg interference, a special case of Laue diffraction, gives the angles for coherent scattering of waves from a large crystal lattice. It encompasses the superposition of wave fronts scattered by lattice planes, leading to a strict relation between... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana%20Academy%20for%20Science%2C%20Mathematics%2C%20and%20Humanities | The Indiana Academy for Science, Mathematics, and Humanities (The Indiana Academy) is a nationally ranked public high school located on the campus of Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana. The Academy offers both residential and non-residential (commuter) options for juniors and seniors. As of the 2022-2023 academic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Hellman | Martin Edward Hellman (born October 2, 1945) is an American cryptologist and mathematician, best known for his involvement with public key cryptography in cooperation with Whitfield Diffie and Ralph Merkle. Hellman is a longtime contributor to the computer privacy debate, and has applied risk analysis to a potential fa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor%20unit | In biology, a motor unit is made up of a motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle fibers innervated by the neuron's axon terminals, including the neuromuscular junctions between the neuron and the fibres. Groups of motor units often work together as a motor pool to coordinate the contractions of a single muscle. The... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%E2%80%93energy%20equivalence | In physics, mass–energy equivalence is the relationship between mass and energy in a system's rest frame, where the two quantities differ only by a multiplicative constant and the units of measurement. The principle is described by the physicist Albert Einstein's formula: . In a reference frame where the system is movi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fehling%27s%20solution | In organic chemistry, Fehling's solution is a chemical reagent used to differentiate between water-soluble carbohydrate and ketone () functional groups, and as a test for reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars, supplementary to the Tollens' reagent test. The test was developed by German chemist Hermann von Fehling in ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Arthur%20Milne | Edward Arthur Milne FRS (; 14 February 1896 – 21 September 1950) was a British astrophysicist and mathematician.
Biography
Milne was born in Hull, Yorkshire, England. He attended Hymers College and from there he won an open scholarship in mathematics and natural science to study at Trinity College, Cambridge in 1914,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1782%20in%20science | The year 1782 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.
Aviation
December 14 – The Montgolfier brothers first test fly a hot air balloon; it floats nearly .
Biology
Jesuit abbot Juan Ignacio Molina publishes Saggio sulla Storia Naturale del Chili in Spain, the first account of t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivariant%20map | In mathematics, equivariance is a form of symmetry for functions from one space with symmetry to another (such as symmetric spaces). A function is said to be an equivariant map when its domain and codomain are acted on by the same symmetry group, and when the function commutes with the action of the group. That is, app... |
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