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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primorial | In mathematics, and more particularly in number theory, primorial, denoted by "#", is a function from natural numbers to natural numbers similar to the factorial function, but rather than successively multiplying positive integers, the function only multiplies prime numbers.
The name "primorial", coined by Harvey Dubn... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive%20root | In mathematics, a primitive root may mean:
Primitive root modulo n in modular arithmetic
Primitive nth root of unity amongst the solutions of zn = 1 in a field
See also
Primitive element (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sajeev%20John | Sajeev John, OC, FRSC (born 1957) is a Professor of Physics at the University of Toronto and Canada Research Chair holder. He is known for his discovery of photonic crystals.
Education and career
He received his bachelor's degree in physics in 1979 from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his Ph.D. in physic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSS | DSS may refer to:
Science and technology
Biology and medicine
Dejerine Sottas syndrome, genetic disorder a.k.a. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 3
Dengue shock syndrome
Disease-specific survival
Dextran, a chemical used experimentally to induce colitis in rodents
Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, a lubricant, laxa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbiter%20%28simulator%29 | Orbiter is a space flight simulator program developed to simulate spaceflight using realistic Newtonian physics. The simulator was released on 27 November 2000; the latest edition, labeled "Orbiter 2016", was released on 30 August 2016, the first new version of the simulator since 2010. On 27 July 2021, Dr Schweiger an... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.%20C.%20Gilbert%20Company | The A. C. Gilbert Company was an American toy company, once one of the largest in the world. Gilbert originated the Erector Set, which is a construction toy similar to Meccano in the rest of the world, and made chemistry sets, microscope kits, and a line of inexpensive reflector telescopes. In 1938, Gilbert purchased... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1822%20in%20science | The year 1822 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Biology
"Rostocker Pfeilstorch", a white stork, is found in northern Germany with an arrow from central Africa through its neck, demonstrating the fact of bird migration.
Geology
Georges Cuvier establishes new standards and meth... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertarianism%20%28metaphysics%29 | Libertarianism is one of the main philosophical positions related to the problems of free will and determinism which are part of the larger domain of metaphysics. In particular, libertarianism is an incompatibilist position which argues that free will is logically incompatible with a deterministic universe. Libertarian... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaptic%20plasticity | In neuroscience, synaptic plasticity is the ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time, in response to increases or decreases in their activity. Since memories are postulated to be represented by vastly interconnected neural circuits in the brain, synaptic plasticity is one of the important neurochemical fou... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1821%20in%20science | The year 1821 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy
Johann Franz Encke calculates that Comet Encke has a periodic orbit, the second comet after Comet Halley for which this has been discovered.
Alexis Bouvard detects irregularities in the orbit of Uranus.
Biology
Swedis... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cracking%20%28chemistry%29 | In petrochemistry, petroleum geology and organic chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as kerogens or long-chain hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules such as light hydrocarbons, by the breaking of carbon-carbon bonds in the precursors. The rate of cracking and the end ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitali%20set | In mathematics, a Vitali set is an elementary example of a set of real numbers that is not Lebesgue measurable, found by Giuseppe Vitali in 1905. The Vitali theorem is the existence theorem that there are such sets. There are uncountably many Vitali sets, and their existence depends on the axiom of choice. In 1970, Rob... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotational%20invariance | In mathematics, a function defined on an inner product space is said to have rotational invariance if its value does not change when arbitrary rotations are applied to its argument.
Mathematics
Functions
For example, the function
is invariant under rotations of the plane around the origin, because for a rotated se... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravastar | A gravastar is an object hypothesized in astrophysics by Pawel O. Mazur and Emil Mottola as an alternative to the black hole theory. It has usual black hole metric outside of the horizon, but de Sitter metric inside. On the horizon there is a thin shell of matter. The term "gravastar" is a portmanteau of the words "gra... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820%20in%20science | The year 1820 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy
March 10 – Astronomical Society of London is founded.
October 20 – Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope, is founded.
Biology
Christian Friedrich Nasse formulates Nasse's law: hemophilia occurs only in males and is tr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolph%20A.%20Marcus | Rudolph Arthur Marcus (born July 21, 1923) is a Canadian-born chemist who received the 1992 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems". Marcus theory, named after him, provides a thermodynamic and kinetic framework for describing one electron outer-... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerator%20physics | Accelerator physics is a branch of applied physics, concerned with designing, building and operating particle accelerators. As such, it can be described as the study of motion, manipulation and observation of relativistic charged particle beams and their interaction with accelerator structures by electromagnetic field... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seventh | Seventh is the ordinal form of the number seven.
Seventh may refer to:
Seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution
A fraction (mathematics), , equal to one of seven equal parts
Film and television
"The Seventh", a second-season episode of Star Trek: Enterprise
Music
A seventh (interval), the difference b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarantine%20%28Egan%20novel%29 | Quarantine is a 1992 hard science fiction novel by Greg Egan.
Within a detective fiction framework, the novel explores the consequences of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics (or rather of its consciousness causes collapse variant), which Egan acknowledges was chosen more for its entertainment value than... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palindromic%20prime | In mathematics, a palindromic prime (sometimes called a palprime) is a prime number that is also a palindromic number. Palindromicity depends on the base of the number system and its notational conventions, while primality is independent of such concerns. The first few decimal palindromic primes are:
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 10... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimmermann%E2%80%93Sassaman%20key-signing%20protocol | In cryptography, the Zimmermann–Sassaman key-signing protocol is a protocol to speed up the public key fingerprint verification part of a key signing party. It requires some work before the event.
The protocol was invented during a key signing party with Len Sassaman, Werner Koch, Phil Zimmermann, and others.
Sassama... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key%20signing%20party | In public-key cryptography, a key signing party is an event at which people present their public keys to others in person, who, if they are confident the key actually belongs to the person who claims it, digitally sign the certificate containing that public key and the person's name, etc. Key signing parties are commo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1826%20in%20science | The year 1826 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy
Mary Somerville presents a paper on "The Magnetic Properties of the Violet Rays of the Solar Spectrum" to the Royal Society in London.
Chemistry
Antoine Jerome Balard isolates bromine.
Pierre Jean Robiquet isolates th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMI | VMI may refer to:
Science and technology
Virtual mobile infrastructure, hosting a nominally mobile operating system in a data center or cloud
Velocity Map Imaging, a technique in photofragment-ion imaging in chemical physics
Virtual machine image, an exact snapshot of a computer disk in a virtual machine
Organizat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1828%20in%20science | The year 1828 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy
Félix Savary computes the first orbit of a visual double star when he calculates the orbit of the double star Xi Ursae Majoris.
Biology
April 27 – London Zoo opens in Regent's Park for members of the Zoological Society... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1829%20in%20science | The year 1829 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Chemistry
Isaac Holden produces a form of friction match.
Mathematics
Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet publishes a memoir giving the Dirichlet conditions, showing for which functions the convergence of the Fourier series holds; in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1830%20in%20science | The year 1830 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy
March 16 – Great Comet of 1830 (C/1830 F1, 1830 I) first observed in Mauritius.
Johann Heinrich Mädler and Wilhelm Beer produce the first map of the surface of Mars.
Biology
Charles Bell publishes his Nervous System ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas%20Bird%20Count | The Christmas Bird Count (CBC) is a census of birds in the Western Hemisphere, performed annually in the early Northern-hemisphere winter by volunteer birdwatchers and administered by the National Audubon Society. The purpose is to provide population data for use in science, especially conservation biology, though many... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compression%20%28physics%29 | it is a force that tends to push or squeeze something together.
material in the lower part of structure in the compression.
In mechanics, compression is the application of balanced inward ("pushing") forces to different points on a material or structure, that is, forces with no net sum or torque directed so as to red... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%C3%A0%20di%20Bruno%27s%20formula | Faà di Bruno's formula is an identity in mathematics generalizing the chain rule to higher derivatives. It is named after , although he was not the first to state or prove the formula. In 1800, more than 50 years before Faà di Bruno, the French mathematician Louis François Antoine Arbogast had stated the formula in a c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Carolina%20School%20of%20Science%20and%20Mathematics | The North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics (NCSSM) is a two-year, public residential high school with two physical campuses located in Durham, North Carolina and Morganton, North Carolina that focuses on the intensive study of science, mathematics and technology. It accepts rising juniors from across North Ca... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HC | HC, hc or H/C may refer to:
Science, technology, and mathematics
Medicine
Health Canada
Hemicrania continua
Hyperelastosis cutis or hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia
Chemistry
Hemocyanin, a metalloprotein abbreviated Hc
HC smoke, a US military designation for Hexachloroethane
Homocapsaicin, a capsai... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical%20electromagnetism | Classical electromagnetism or classical electrodynamics is a branch of theoretical physics that studies the interactions between electric charges and currents using an extension of the classical Newtonian model; It is, therefore, a classical field theory. The theory provides a description of electromagnetic phenomena w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthworks | Earthworks may refer to:
Construction
Earthworks (archaeology), human-made constructions that modify the land contour
Earthworks (engineering), civil engineering works created by moving or processing quantities of soil
Earthworks (military), military fortifications built in the field during a campaign or siege
Arts a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle%20of%20locality | In physics, the principle of locality states that an object is influenced directly only by its immediate surroundings. A theory that includes the principle of locality is said to be a "local theory". This is an alternative to the concept of instantaneous, or "non-local" action at a distance. Locality evolved out of the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1832%20in%20science | The year 1832 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Biology
Dr. Thomas Bell begins publication of A Monograph of the Testudinata, the first comprehensive study of the world's turtles.
Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire begins publication of Histoire générale et particulière des anomal... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic%20acid | 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is a disubstituted cyclic α-amino acid in which a cyclopropane ring is fused to the C atom of the amino acid. It is a white solid. Many cyclopropane-substituted amino acids are known, but this one occurs naturally. Like glycine, but unlike most α-amino acids, ACC is not chi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20B.%20Fenn | John Bennett Fenn (June 15, 1917December 10, 2010) was an American professor of analytical chemistry who was awarded a share of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002. Fenn shared half of the award with Koichi Tanaka for their work in mass spectrometry. The other half of the 2002 award went to Kurt Wüthrich. Fenn's contr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1833%20in%20science | The year 1833 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy
November 12–13 – A spectacular occurrence of the Leonid meteor shower is observed over Alabama.
Biology
May 3 – The Entomological Society of London is inaugurated.
Katherine Sophia Kane's The Irish Flora is published ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power | Power may refer to:
Common meanings
Power (physics), meaning "rate of doing work"
Engine power, the power put out by an engine
Electric power, a type of energy
Power (social and political), the ability to influence people or events
Mathematics, science and technology
Computing
IBM POWER (software), an IBM opera... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitfield%20Diffie | Bailey Whitfield 'Whit' Diffie (born June 5, 1944), ForMemRS, is an American cryptographer and mathematician and one of the pioneers of public-key cryptography along with Martin Hellman and Ralph Merkle. Diffie and Hellman's 1976 paper New Directions in Cryptography introduced a radically new method of distributing cry... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20transforms | This is a list of transforms in mathematics.
Integral transforms
Abel transform
Bateman transform
Fourier transform
Short-time Fourier transform
Gabor transform
Hankel transform
Hartley transform
Hermite transform
Hilbert transform
Hilbert–Schmidt integral operator
Jacobi transform
Laguerre transform
Laplace transform... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert%20Romme | Charles-Gilbert Romme (26 March 1750 – 17 June 1795) was a French politician and mathematician who developed the French Republican Calendar.
Biography
Charles Gilbert Romme was born in Riom, Puy-de-Dôme, in the Auvergne region of France, where he received an education in medicine and mathematics. After spending five y... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progression | Progression may refer to:
In mathematics:
Arithmetic progression, sequence of numbers such that the difference of any two successive members of the sequence is a constant
Geometric progression, sequence of numbers such that the quotient of any two successive members of the sequence is a constant
Harmonic progressio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind%20signature | In cryptography a blind signature, as introduced by David Chaum, is a form of digital signature in which the content of a message is disguised (blinded) before it is signed. The resulting blind signature can be publicly verified against the original, unblinded message in the manner of a regular digital signature. Blind... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%20Association%20of%20Theoretical%20and%20Computational%20Chemists | The World Association of Theoretical and Computational Chemists (WATOC) is a scholarly association founded in 1982 "in order to encourage the development and application of theoretical methods" in chemistry, particularly theoretical chemistry and computational chemistry. It was originally called the World Association o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Chemical%20Society | The American Chemical Society (ACS) is a scientific society based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry in the field of chemistry. Founded in 1876 at New York University, the ACS currently has more than 155,000 members at all degree levels and in all fields of chemistry, chemical engineering, and relat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Many-body%20problem | The many-body problem is a general name for a vast category of physical problems pertaining to the properties of microscopic systems made of many interacting particles. Microscopic here implies that quantum mechanics has to be used to provide an accurate description of the system. Many can be anywhere from three to inf... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew%20Dillon | Matthew Dillon (born 1966) is an American software engineer known for Amiga software, contributions to FreeBSD and for starting and leading the DragonFly BSD project since 2003.
Biography
Dillon studied electronic engineering and computer science at the University of California, Berkeley, where he first became involve... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20art | Information art, which is also known as informatism or data art, is an emerging art form that is inspired by and principally incorporates data, computer science, information technology, artificial intelligence, and related data-driven fields. The information revolution has resulted in over-abundant data that are critic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausdorff%20distance | In mathematics, the Hausdorff distance, or Hausdorff metric, also called Pompeiu–Hausdorff distance, measures how far two subsets of a metric space are from each other. It turns the set of non-empty compact subsets of a metric space into a metric space in its own right. It is named after Felix Hausdorff and Dimitrie Po... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability%20amplitude | In quantum mechanics, a probability amplitude is a complex number used for describing the behaviour of systems. The modulus squared of this quantity represents a probability density.
Probability amplitudes provide a relationship between the quantum state vector of a system and the results of observations of that syste... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1837%20in%20science | The year 1837 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Biology
January 10 – John Gould reports to the Zoological Society of London that bird specimens brought by Charles Darwin from the Galápagos Islands which Darwin had thought were blackbirds, "gross-bills" and finches are in fact "... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1691%20in%20science | The year 1691 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Biology
Italian Jesuit scholar Filippo Bonanni publishes the results of his microscopic observations of invertebrates in Observationes circa Viventia, quae in Rebus non-Viventibus.
Mathematics
Gottfried Leibniz discovers the technique of sepa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Frederic%20Daniell | John Frederic Daniell FRS (12 March 1790 – 13 March 1845) was an English chemist and physicist.
Biography
Daniell was born in London. In 1831 he became the first professor of chemistry at the newly founded King's College London; and in 1835 he was appointed to the equivalent post at the East India Company's Military S... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirical%20orthogonal%20functions | In statistics and signal processing, the method of empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is a decomposition of a signal or data set in terms of orthogonal basis functions which are determined from the data. The term is also interchangeable with the geographically weighted Principal components analysis in geophy... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Warthen | David Warthen (born December 10, 1957) was one of the founders of Ask Jeeves, now called Ask.com, an internet search engine. Warthen has served as Chief Technology Officer or Vice President of Engineering for a variety of companies, many of them start-ups, over his career.
David Warthen obtained B.A (Computer Science)... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message%20queue | In computer science, message queues and mailboxes are software-engineering components typically used for inter-process communication (IPC), or for inter-thread communication within the same process. They use a queue for messaging – the passing of control or of content. Group communication systems provide similar kinds... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupled%20cluster | Coupled cluster (CC) is a numerical technique used for describing many-body systems. Its most common use is as one of several post-Hartree–Fock ab initio quantum chemistry methods in the field of computational chemistry, but it is also used in nuclear physics. Coupled cluster essentially takes the basic Hartree–Fock mo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20B.%20Lewis | Edward Butts Lewis (May 20, 1918 – July 21, 2004) was an American geneticist, a corecipient of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He helped to found the field of evolutionary developmental biology.
Early life
Lewis was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, the second son of Laura Mary Lewis (née Histed) and... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclotomic%20identity | In mathematics, the cyclotomic identity states that
where M is Moreau's necklace-counting function,
and μ is the classic Möbius function of number theory.
The name comes from the denominator, 1 − z j, which is the product of cyclotomic polynomials.
The left hand side of the cyclotomic identity is the generating f... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software%20agent | In computer science, a software agent is a computer program that acts for a user or another program in a relationship of agency.
The term agent is derived from the Latin agere (to do): an agreement to act on one's behalf. Such "action on behalf of" implies the authority to decide which, if any, action is appropriate. ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodbury%20matrix%20identity | In mathematics (specifically linear algebra), the Woodbury matrix identity, named after Max A. Woodbury, says that the inverse of a rank-k correction of some matrix can be computed by doing a rank-k correction to the inverse of the original matrix. Alternative names for this formula are the matrix inversion lemma, Sher... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge%20boson | In particle physics, a gauge boson is a bosonic elementary particle that acts as the force carrier for elementary fermions. Elementary particles whose interactions are described by a gauge theory interact with each other by the exchange of gauge bosons, usually as virtual particles.
Photons, W and Z bosons, and gluons... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necklace%20polynomial | In combinatorial mathematics, the necklace polynomial, or Moreau's necklace-counting function, introduced by , counts the number of distinct necklaces of n colored beads chosen out of α available colors. The necklaces are assumed to be aperiodic (not consisting of repeated subsequences), and counted up to rotation (ro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral%20transform | In mathematics, an integral transform is a type of transform that maps a function from its original function space into another function space via integration, where some of the properties of the original function might be more easily characterized and manipulated than in the original function space. The transformed fu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masahiro%20Mori%20%28roboticist%29 | is a Japanese roboticist noted for his pioneering work in the fields of robotics and automation, his research achievements in humans' emotional responses to non-human entities, as well as for his views on religion. The ASIMO robot was designed by one of Masahiro's students.
In 1970, Mori published "Bukimi No Tani" (不... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trac | Trac is an open-source, web-based project management and bug tracking system. It has been adopted by a variety of organizations for use as a bug tracking system for both free and open-source software and proprietary projects and products. Trac integrates with major version control systems including ("out of the box") S... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAIR | CAIRz or Cair may refer to:
Acronyms
Carboxyaminoimidazole ribotide, a biochemical intermediate nucleotide
Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Indian national defence laboratory
Clean Air Interstate Rule, US environmental regulation
Council on American–Islamic Relations, American Muslim advocacy or... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersolid | In condensed matter physics, a supersolid is a spatially ordered material with superfluid properties. In the case of helium-4, it has been conjectured since the 1960s that it might be possible to create a supersolid. Starting from 2017, a definitive proof for the existence of this state was provided by several experime... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre%20Julliard | Alexandre Julliard (born 1970) is a computer programmer who is best known as the project leader for Wine, a compatibility layer to run Microsoft Windows programs on Unix-like operating systems.
Julliard studied computer science at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne. He spent most of the 1990s workin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatility | Volatility or volatile may refer to:
Chemistry
Volatility (chemistry), a measuring tendency of a substance or liquid to vaporize easily
Relative volatility, a measure of vapor pressures of the components in a liquid mixture
Volatile (astrogeology), a group of compounds with low boiling points that are associated w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/220%20%28number%29 | 220 (two hundred [and] twenty) is the natural number following 219 and preceding 221.
In mathematics
It is a composite number, with its proper divisors being 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 11, 20, 22, 44, 55 and 110, making it an amicable number with 284. Every number up to 220 may be expressed as a sum of its divisors, making 220 a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covariant%20derivative | In mathematics, the covariant derivative is a way of specifying a derivative along tangent vectors of a manifold. Alternatively, the covariant derivative is a way of introducing and working with a connection on a manifold by means of a differential operator, to be contrasted with the approach given by a principal conne... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas%20Osheroff | Douglas Dean Osheroff (born August 1, 1945) is an American physicist known for his work in experimental condensed matter physics, in particular for his co-discovery of superfluidity in Helium-3. For his contributions he shared the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physics along with David Lee and Robert C. Richardson. Osheroff is cu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Compton | Arthur Holly Compton (September 10, 1892 – March 15, 1962) was an American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1927 for his 1923 discovery of the Compton effect, which demonstrated the particle nature of electromagnetic radiation. It was a sensational discovery at the time: the wave nature of light had been... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated%20Electrical%20Industries | Associated Electrical Industries (AEI) was a British holding company formed in 1928 through the merger of the British Thomson-Houston Company (BTH) and Metropolitan-Vickers electrical engineering companies. In 1967 AEI was acquired by GEC, to create the UK's largest industrial group. A scandal that followed the acquis... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AEI | AEI may refer to:
Adelaide Educational Institution of South Australia
Aei Latin-script trigraph
AEI Music Network Inc. (Audio Environments Incorporated), which created the "Foreground Music" industry in 1971
Albert Einstein Institute, the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics, Germany
Albert Einstein Ins... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes%20Stark | Johannes Stark (, 15 April 1874 – 21 June 1957) was a German physicist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1919 "for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields". This phenomenon is known as the Stark effect.
Stark received his Ph.D. in physics fro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownian%20ratchet | In the philosophy of thermal and statistical physics, the Brownian ratchet or Feynman–Smoluchowski ratchet is an apparent perpetual motion machine of the second kind (converting thermal energy into mechanical work), first analysed in 1912 as a thought experiment by Polish physicist Marian Smoluchowski. It was popularis... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Cole | Jack Cole may refer to:
Jack Cole (artist) (1914–1958), American comic book artist and cartoonist
Jack Cole (businessman) (1920–2007), American entrepreneur and businessman
Jack Cole (choreographer) (1911–1974), American dancer, choreographer and theatre director
Jack Cole (scientist), professor at the School of C... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-duality | In theoretical physics, T-duality (short for target-space duality) is an equivalence of two physical theories, which may be either quantum field theories or string theories. In the simplest example of this relationship, one of the theories describes strings propagating in a spacetime shaped like a circle of some radius... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-duality | In theoretical physics, S-duality (short for strong–weak duality, or Sen duality) is an equivalence of two physical theories, which may be either quantum field theories or string theories. S-duality is useful for doing calculations in theoretical physics because it relates a theory in which calculations are difficult t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-duality | In physics, U-duality (short for unified duality) is a symmetry of string theory or M-theory combining S-duality and T-duality transformations. The term is most often met in the context of the "U-duality (symmetry) group" of M-theory as defined on a particular background space (topological manifold). This is the union ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supergravity | In theoretical physics, supergravity (supergravity theory; SUGRA for short) is a modern field theory that combines the principles of supersymmetry and general relativity; this is in contrast to non-gravitational supersymmetric theories such as the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. Supergravity is the gauge theory ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix%20theory%20%28physics%29 | In theoretical physics, the matrix theory is a quantum mechanical model proposed in 1997 by Tom Banks, Willy Fischler, Stephen Shenker, and Leonard Susskind; it is also known as BFSS matrix model, after the authors' initials.
Overview
This theory describes the behavior of a set of nine large matrices. In their origina... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipping%20point%20%28sociology%29 | In sociology, a tipping point is a point in time when a group—or many group members—rapidly and dramatically changes its behavior by widely adopting a previously rare practice.
History
The phrase was first used in sociology by Morton Grodzins when he adopted the phrase from physics where it referred to the adding a s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Emperor%27s%20New%20Mind | The Emperor's New Mind: Concerning Computers, Minds and The Laws of Physics is a 1989 book by the mathematical physicist Sir Roger Penrose.
Penrose argues that human consciousness is non-algorithmic, and thus is not capable of being modeled by a conventional Turing machine, which includes a digital computer. Penrose h... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil%20Bartlett%20%28chemist%29 | Neil Bartlett (15 September 1932 – 5 August 2008) was a chemist who specialized in fluorine and compounds containing fluorine, and became famous for creating the first noble gas compounds. He taught chemistry at the University of British Columbia and the University of California, Berkeley.
Biography
Neil Bartlett was ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformal | Conformal may refer to:
Conformal (software), in ASIC Software
Conformal coating in electronics
Conformal cooling channel, in injection or blow moulding
Conformal field theory in physics, such as:
Boundary conformal field theory
Coset conformal field theory
Logarithmic conformal field theory
Rational conform... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterative%20deepening%20depth-first%20search | In computer science, iterative deepening search or more specifically iterative deepening depth-first search (IDS or IDDFS) is a state space/graph search strategy in which a depth-limited version of depth-first search is run repeatedly with increasing depth limits until the goal is found. IDDFS is optimal, meaning that ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1839%20in%20science | The year 1839 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy
January – The first parallax measurement of the distance to Alpha Centauri is published by Thomas Henderson.
January 2 – The first photograph of the Moon is taken by Louis Daguerre.
Biology
January 29 – English natura... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1841%20in%20science | The year 1841 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Biology
Rev. Miles Joseph Berkeley demonstrates that Phytophthora infestans (potato blight) is a fungal infection.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, first open to the public and William Hooker appointed director.
John Gould begins pub... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Page | Richard Lewis Page (born 22 February 1941) is a former Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) in the United Kingdom from 1976 to 2005.
Early life
Born the son of Victor Charles Page, he went to the independent Hurstpierpoint College in West Sussex and Luton Technical College, gaining a HNC in Mechanical Engineering in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derived%20functor | In mathematics, certain functors may be derived to obtain other functors closely related to the original ones. This operation, while fairly abstract, unifies a number of constructions throughout mathematics.
Motivation
It was noted in various quite different settings that a short exact sequence often gives rise to a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panayiotis%20Zavos | Panayiotis Michael Zavos (), or Panos Zavos (, ), is a physiologist who was born in Cyprus and later emigrated to the United States. Zavos has been the subject of controversy for making unsubstantiated claims that he can clone human beings.
Academic career
Zavos received a Bachelor of Science in biology-chemistry in 1... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indicator | Indicator may refer to:
Biology
Environmental indicator of environmental health (pressures, conditions and responses)
Ecological indicator of ecosystem health (ecological processes)
Health indicator, which is used to describe the health of a population
Honeyguides, also known as "indicator birds", a family of Old... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Fano | Roberto Mario "Robert" Fano (11 November 1917 – 13 July 2016) was an Italian-American computer scientist and professor of electrical engineering and computer science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He became a student and working lab partner to Claude Shannon, whom he admired zealously and assisted in the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT%20Computer%20Science%20and%20Artificial%20Intelligence%20Laboratory | Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) is a research institute at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) formed by the 2003 merger of the Laboratory for Computer Science (LCS) and the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (AI Lab). Housed within the Ray and Maria Stata Center, CSAIL is th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catastrophe%20theory | In mathematics, catastrophe theory is a branch of bifurcation theory in the study of dynamical systems; it is also a particular special case of more general singularity theory in geometry.
Bifurcation theory studies and classifies phenomena characterized by sudden shifts in behavior arising from small changes in circu... |
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