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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maw |
Maw may refer to:
Biology
A human's or animal's stomach or gullet, a bird's crop
A fish's gas bladder (swim bladder)
Abomasum, the fourth stomach of a ruminant
Games
Maw (game), a card game
The Maw, a 2009 video game
The Maw, the main setting of the video game Little Nightmares
Maw, a character in the video gam... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20J.%20C.%20Smart | John Jamieson Carswell Smart (16 September 1920 – 6 October 2012), was a British-Australian philosopher and was appointed as an Emeritus Professor by the Australian National University. He worked in the fields of metaphysics, philosophy of science, philosophy of mind, philosophy of religion, and political philosophy. ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1869%20in%20science | The year 1869 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Events
November 4 – The first issue of scientific journal Nature is published in London, edited by Norman Lockyer.
Chemistry
March 6 – Dmitri Mendeleev makes a formal presentation of his periodic table to the Russian Chemical S... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1861%20in%20science | The year 1861 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy
May 13 – Comet C/1861 J1 (the "Great Comet of 1861") first observed from Australia by John Tebbutt.
Biology
Anton de Bary publishes his first work on fungi, describing sexual reproduction in Peronospora.
Charles Thorp... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1857%20in%20science | The year 1857 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy
Peter Andreas Hansen's Tables of the Moon are published in London.
Biology
Rev. M. J. Berkeley publishes Introduction to Cryptogamic Botany.
Chemistry
Robert Bunsen invents apparatus for measuring effusion.
August K... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1854%20in%20science | The year 1854 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy
July 22 – Discovery of the asteroid 30 Urania by John Russell Hind.
October c. – George Airy calculates the mean density of the Earth by measuring the gravity in a coal mine in South Shields.
Chemistry
Benjamin Sillim... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849%20in%20science | The year 1849 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy
Édouard Roche finds the limiting radius of tidal destruction and tidal creation for a body held together only by its self gravity, called the Roche limit, and uses it to explain why Saturn's rings do not condense into a ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroevolution | Neuroevolution, or neuro-evolution, is a form of artificial intelligence that uses evolutionary algorithms to generate artificial neural networks (ANN), parameters, and rules. It is most commonly applied in artificial life, general game playing and evolutionary robotics. The main benefit is that neuroevolution can be ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Olver | John Walter Olver (September 3, 1936 – February 23, 2023) was an American politician and chemist who was the U.S. representative for Massachusetts's 1st congressional district from 1991 to 2013. Raised on a farm in Pennsylvania, Olver graduated from college at the age of 18 and went on to earn a PhD in chemistry from t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20W.%20Wood | Robert Williams Wood (May 2, 1868 – August 11, 1955) was an American physicist and inventor who made pivotal contributions to the field of optics. He pioneered infrared and ultraviolet photography. Wood's patents and theoretical work inform modern understanding of the physics of ultraviolet light, and made possible myr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1844%20in%20science | The year 1844 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy
Friedrich Bessel explains the wobbling motions of Sirius and Procyon by suggesting that these stars have dark companions.
Biology
June 3 – The last definitely recorded pair of great auks (Pinguinus impennis) are killed... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold%20Spring%20Harbor%20Laboratory | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) is a private, non-profit institution with research programs focusing on cancer, neuroscience, plant biology, genomics, and quantitative biology.
It is one of 68 institutions supported by the Cancer Centers Program of the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) and has been an NCI-desi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Algernon%20Parsons | Sir Charles Algernon Parsons, (13 June 1854 – 11 February 1931) was an Anglo-Irish engineer, best known for his invention of the compound steam turbine, and as the eponym of C. A. Parsons and Company. He worked as an engineer on dynamo and turbine design, and power generation, with great influence on the naval and ele... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AstraZeneca | AstraZeneca plc () is an Anglo-Swedish multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology company with its headquarters at the Cambridge Biomedical Campus in Cambridge, England. It has a portfolio of products for major diseases in areas including oncology, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, infection, neuroscience, respira... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual%20cryptography | Visual cryptography is a cryptographic technique which allows visual information (pictures, text, etc.) to be encrypted in such a way that the decrypted information appears as a visual image.
One of the best-known techniques has been credited to Moni Naor and Adi Shamir, who developed it in 1994. They demonstrated a ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom%20of%20dependent%20choice | In mathematics, the axiom of dependent choice, denoted by , is a weak form of the axiom of choice () that is still sufficient to develop most of real analysis. It was introduced by Paul Bernays in a 1942 article that explores which set-theoretic axioms are needed to develop analysis.
Formal statement
A homogeneous re... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco%20%C3%81lvarez-Cascos | Francisco Álvarez–Cascos Fernández (born 1 October 1947) is a Spanish politician. He was Secretary-General of the ruling Partido Popular from 1989 to 1999 and the President of the Principality of Asturias from 2011 to 2012.
He studied civil engineering, and after working in an architect office and then for an architec... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computability | Computability is the ability to solve a problem in an effective manner. It is a key topic of the field of computability theory within mathematical logic and the theory of computation within computer science. The computability of a problem is closely linked to the existence of an algorithm to solve the problem.
The mos... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Felten | Edward William Felten (born March 25, 1963) is the Robert E. Kahn Professor of Computer Science and Public Affairs at Princeton University, where he was also the director of the Center for Information Technology Policy from 2007 to 2015 and from 2017 to 2019. On November 4, 2010, he was named Chief Technologist for th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle%20in%20a%20spherically%20symmetric%20potential | In quantum mechanics, a particle in a spherically symmetric potential is a system with a potential that depends only on the distance between the particle and a center. A particle in a spherically symmetric potential can be used as an approximation, for example, of the electron in a hydrogen atom or of the formation of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude%20Perrault | Claude Perrault (25 September 1613 – 9 October 1688) was a French physician and amateur architect, best known for his participation in the design of the east façade of the Louvre in Paris. He also designed the Paris Observatory and was an anatomist and author who wrote treatises on architecture, physics, and natural hi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite%20impulse%20response | In signal processing, a finite impulse response (FIR) filter is a filter whose impulse response (or response to any finite length input) is of finite duration, because it settles to zero in finite time. This is in contrast to infinite impulse response (IIR) filters, which may have internal feedback and may continue to ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Section%20%28biology%29 | In biology a section () is a taxonomic rank that is applied differently in botany and zoology.
In botany
Within flora (plants), 'section' refers to a botanical rank below the genus, but above the species:
Domain > Kingdom > Division > Class > Order > Family > Tribe > Genus > Subgenus > Section > Subsection > Species... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covariant%20transformation | In physics, a covariant transformation is a rule that specifies how certain entities, such as vectors or tensors, change under a change of basis. The transformation that describes the new basis vectors as a linear combination of the old basis vectors is defined as a covariant transformation. Conventionally, indices ide... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence%20motif | In biology, a sequence motif is a nucleotide or amino-acid sequence pattern that is widespread and usually assumed to be related to biological function of the macromolecule. For example, an N-glycosylation site motif can be defined as Asn, followed by anything but Pro, followed by either Ser or Thr, followed by anythin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple%20ring | In abstract algebra, a branch of mathematics, a simple ring is a non-zero ring that has no two-sided ideal besides the zero ideal and itself. In particular, a commutative ring is a simple ring if and only if it is a field.
The center of a simple ring is necessarily a field. It follows that a simple ring is an associa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phagocyte | Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek , "to eat" or "devour", and "-cyte", the suffix in biology denoting "cell", from the Greek kutos, "hollow vessel". They are essential for fighting infections and for subs... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological%20quantum%20field%20theory | In gauge theory and mathematical physics, a topological quantum field theory (or topological field theory or TQFT) is a quantum field theory which computes topological invariants.
Although TQFTs were invented by physicists, they are also of mathematical interest, being related to, among other things, knot theory and t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon%20Newcomb | Simon Newcomb (March 12, 1835 – July 11, 1909) was a Canadian–American astronomer, applied mathematician, and autodidactic polymath. He served as Professor of Mathematics in the United States Navy and at Johns Hopkins University. Born in Nova Scotia, at the age of 19 Newcomb left an apprenticeship to join his father in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weierstrass%20function | In mathematics, the Weierstrass function is an example of a real-valued function that is continuous everywhere but differentiable nowhere. It is an example of a fractal curve. It is named after its discoverer Karl Weierstrass.
The Weierstrass function has historically served the role of a pathological function, being ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piecewise%20linear%20function | In mathematics and statistics, a piecewise linear, PL or segmented function is a real-valued function of a real variable, whose graph is composed of straight-line segments.
Definition
A piecewise linear function is a function defined on a (possibly unbounded) interval of real numbers, such that there is a collection o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang%20Wahlster | Wolfgang Wahlster (born February 2, 1953) is a German artificial intelligence researcher. He was CEO and Scientific Director of the German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and full professor of computer science at Saarland University, Saarbrücken. Wahlster remains Chief Executive Advisor of the German Resear... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weierstrass%20M-test | In mathematics, the Weierstrass M-test is a test for determining whether an infinite series of functions converges uniformly and absolutely. It applies to series whose terms are bounded functions with real or complex values, and is analogous to the comparison test for determining the convergence of series of real or co... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plural%20quantification | In mathematics and logic, plural quantification is the theory that an individual variable x may take on plural, as well as singular, values. As well as substituting individual objects such as Alice, the number 1, the tallest building in London etc. for x, we may substitute both Alice and Bob, or all the numbers between... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason%20Shiga | Jason Shiga (born 1976) is an American cartoonist who incorporates puzzles, mysteries and unconventional narrative techniques into his work.
Early life
Jason Shiga is from Oakland, California. His father, Seiji Shiga, was an animator who worked on the 1964 Rankin-Bass production Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer. Jason S... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20Greenspun | Philip Greenspun (born September 28, 1963) is an American computer scientist, educator, early Internet entrepreneur, and pilot who was a pioneer in developing online communities like photo.net.
Biography
Greenspun was born on September 28, 1963, grew up in Bethesda, Maryland, and received a B.S. in Mathematics from MI... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locally%20cyclic%20group | In mathematics, a locally cyclic group is a group (G, *) in which every finitely generated subgroup is cyclic.
Some facts
Every cyclic group is locally cyclic, and every locally cyclic group is abelian.
Every finitely-generated locally cyclic group is cyclic.
Every subgroup and quotient group of a locally cyclic gr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1788%20in%20science | The year 1788 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
December 21 – Caroline Herschel discovers the periodic comet 35P/Herschel–Rigollet.
Biology
Dr. Edward Jenner publishes his observation that it is the newly hatched common cuckoo which pushes its host's eggs and chicks out of the ne... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1786%20in%20science | The year 1786 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
January 17 – Pierre Méchain first observes Comet Encke, from Paris.
August 1 – Caroline Herschel becomes the first woman to discover a comet.
Biology
Subfossil bones of the Rodrigues solitaire are discovered.
Linguistics
February... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1784%20in%20science | The year 1784 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
September 10 – Edward Pigott identifies the variable star Eta Aquilae from York, England.
October 19 – John Goodricke begins his observations of the variable star Delta Cephei from York.
Biology
Publication of the Annals of Agricul... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1780%20in%20science | The year 1780 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Biology
Clément Joseph Tissot publishes Gymnastique médicinale et chirurgicale, ou, essai sur l'utilité du mouvement, ou des différens exercices du corps, et du repos dans la cure des malades in Paris, the first text on the therapeutic benefits... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%20function | In mathematics, three different functions are known as the pi or Pi function:
(pi function) – the prime-counting function
(Pi function) – the gamma function when offset to coincide with the factorial
Rectangular function
You might also be looking for:
– the Infinite product of a sequence
Capital pi notation |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1774%20in%20science | The year 1774 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
Johann Elert Bode discovers the galaxy Messier 81.
Lagrange publishes a paper on the motion of the nodes of a planet's orbit.
Biology
Italian physicist Abbé Bonaventura Corti publishes Osservazioni microscopiche sulla tremella e su... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1770%20in%20science | The year 1770 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
July 1 – Lexell's Comet passes closer to the Earth than any other comet in recorded history, approaching to a distance of 0.015 AU. It is observed by Charles Messier between June 14 and October 3.
Biology
Arthur Young publishes A Co... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polylogarithmic%20function | In mathematics, a polylogarithmic function in is a polynomial in the logarithm of ,
The notation is often used as a shorthand for , analogous to for .
In computer science, polylogarithmic functions occur as the order of time or memory used by some algorithms (e.g., "it has polylogarithmic order"), such as in th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von%20Neumann%20universe | In set theory and related branches of mathematics, the von Neumann universe, or von Neumann hierarchy of sets, denoted by V, is the class of hereditary well-founded sets. This collection, which is formalized by Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory (ZFC), is often used to provide an interpretation or motivation of the axioms of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1764%20in%20science | The year 1764 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
Lagrange publishes on the libration of the Moon, and an explanation as to why the same face is always turned to the Earth, a problem which he treats with the aid of virtual work, containing the germ of his idea of generalized equation... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1760%20in%20science | The year 1760 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Chemistry
Louis Claude Cadet de Gassicourt investigates inks based on cobalt salts and isolates cacodyl from cobalt mineral containing arsenic, pioneering work in organometallic chemistry.
Geology
John Michell suggests earthquakes are caused ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructible%20set | In mathematics, constructible set may refer to either:
a notion in Gödel's constructible universe.
a union of locally closed set in a topological space. See constructible set (topology). |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic | Synthetic things are composed of multiple parts, often with the implication that they are artificial. In particular, 'synthetic' may refer to:
Science
Synthetic biology
Synthetic chemical or compound, produced by the process of chemical synthesis
Synthetic elements, chemical elements that are not naturally found on... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L2 | L2, L2, L02, L II, L.2 or L-2 may refer to:
Astronomy
L2 point, second Lagrangian point in a two body orbiting system
L2 Puppis, star which is also known as HD 56096
Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics, a proposed X-ray telescope
Biology
Haplogroup L2 (mtDNA) in human genetics
ATC code L02 Endocrine... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alignment | Alignment may refer to:
Archaeology
Alignment (archaeology), a co-linear arrangement of features or structures with external landmarks
Stone alignment, a linear arrangement of upright, parallel megalithic standing stones
Biology
Structural alignment, establishing similarities in the 3D structure of protein molecul... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephson%20effect | In physics, the Josephson effect is a phenomenon that occurs when two superconductors are placed in proximity, with some barrier or restriction between them. The effect is named after the British physicist Brian Josephson, who predicted in 1962 the mathematical relationships for the current and voltage across the weak ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/360%20%28number%29 | 360 (three hundred sixty) is the natural number following 359 and preceding 361.
In mathematics
360 is a highly composite number and one of only seven numbers such that no number less than twice as much has more divisors; the others are 1, 2, 6, 12, 60, and 2520 .
360 is also a superior highly composite number, a c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedekind%20eta%20function | In mathematics, the Dedekind eta function, named after Richard Dedekind, is a modular form of weight 1/2 and is a function defined on the upper half-plane of complex numbers, where the imaginary part is positive. It also occurs in bosonic string theory.
Definition
For any complex number with , let ; then the eta func... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirichlet%20eta%20function | In mathematics, in the area of analytic number theory, the Dirichlet eta function is defined by the following Dirichlet series, which converges for any complex number having real part > 0:
This Dirichlet series is the alternating sum corresponding to the Dirichlet series expansion of the Riemann zeta function, ζ(s) — ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weierstrass%20elliptic%20function | In mathematics, the Weierstrass elliptic functions are elliptic functions that take a particularly simple form. They are named for Karl Weierstrass. This class of functions are also referred to as ℘-functions and they are usually denoted by the symbol ℘, a uniquely fancy script p. They play an important role in the the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical%20model | A graphical model or probabilistic graphical model (PGM) or structured probabilistic model is a probabilistic model for which a graph expresses the conditional dependence structure between random variables. They are commonly used in probability theory, statistics—particularly Bayesian statistics—and machine learning.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revaz%20Dogonadze | Revaz Dogonadze ( November 21, 1931 – May 13, 1985) was a notable Georgian scientist, Corresponding Member of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences (GNAS) (1982), Doctor of Physical & Mathematical Sciences (Full Doctor) (1966), Professor (1972), one of the founders of Quantum electrochemistry,
Life and works
He w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deborah%20S.%20Jin | Deborah Shiu-lan Jin (; November 15, 1968 – September 15, 2016) was an American physicist and fellow with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Professor Adjunct, Department of Physics at the University of Colorado; and a fellow of the JILA, a NIST joint laboratory with the University of Colorado.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic%20function%20field | In mathematics, an algebraic function field (often abbreviated as function field) of n variables over a field k is a finitely generated field extension K/k which has transcendence degree n over k. Equivalently, an algebraic function field of n variables over k may be defined as a finite field extension of the field K =... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20Morgan | De Morgan or de Morgan is a surname, and may refer to:
Augustus De Morgan (1806–1871), British mathematician and logician.
De Morgan's laws (or De Morgan's theorem), a set of rules from propositional logic.
The De Morgan Medal, a triennial mathematics prize awarded by the London Mathematical Society.
William De Morg... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryciformes | The Beryciformes are a poorly-understood order of carnivorous ray-finned fishes consisting of 7 families, 30 genera, and 161 species. They feed on small fish and invertebrates. Beyond this, little is known about the biology of most member species because of their nocturnal habits and deepwater habitats. All beryciform... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almost%20disjoint%20sets | In mathematics, two sets are almost disjoint if their intersection is small in some sense; different definitions of "small" will result in different definitions of "almost disjoint".
Definition
The most common choice is to take "small" to mean finite. In this case, two sets are almost disjoint if their intersection i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisenberg%20group | In mathematics, the Heisenberg group , named after Werner Heisenberg, is the group of 3×3 upper triangular matrices of the form
under the operation of matrix multiplication. Elements a, b and c can be taken from any commutative ring with identity, often taken to be the ring of real numbers (resulting in the "continuou... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1759%20in%20science | The year 1759 in science and technology involved several significant events.
Astronomy
Halley's Comet returns; a team of three mathematicians, Alexis Clairaut, Jérome Lalande and Nicole Reine Lepaute, have – for the first time – predicted the date.
Biology
Caspar Friedrich Wolff's dissertation at the University of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1758%20in%20science | The year 1758 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
Comet Halley reappears as predicted by Edmond Halley in 1705.
Chemistry
John Champion patents a process for calcining zinc sulphide into an oxide usable in the retort process.
Medicine
Angélique du Coudray demonstrates the first o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1755%20in%20science | The year 1755 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
Immanuel Kant develops the nebular hypothesis in his Universal Natural History and Theory of Heaven (Allgemeine Naturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels).
Chemistry
June – Joseph Black's discovery of carbon dioxide ("fixed air") and ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon%20Singh | Simon Lehna Singh, (born 19 September 1964) is a British popular science author, theoretical and particle physicist. His written works include Fermat's Last Theorem (in the United States titled Fermat's Enigma: The Epic Quest to Solve the World's Greatest Mathematical Problem), The Code Book (about cryptography and i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic%20permutation | In mathematics, and in particular in group theory, a cyclic permutation is a permutation consisting of a single cycle. In some cases, cyclic permutations are referred to as cycles; if a cyclic permutation has k elements, it may be called a k-cycle. Some authors widen this definition to include permutations with fixed p... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horseshoe%20map | In the mathematics of chaos theory, a horseshoe map is any member of a class of chaotic maps of the square into itself. It is a core example in the study of dynamical systems. The map was introduced by Stephen Smale while studying the behavior of the orbits of the van der Pol oscillator. The action of the map is define... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ciphertexts | Some famous ciphertexts (or cryptograms), in chronological order by date, are:
See also
Undeciphered writing systems (cleartext, natural-language writing of unknown meaning)
External links
Elonka Dunin's list of famous unsolved codes and ciphers
Cryptography lists and comparisons
History of cryptography
Undecipher... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1750%20in%20science | The year 1750 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
Thomas Wright suggests that the Milky Way Galaxy is a disk-shaped system of stars with the Solar System near the centre.
Exploration
April 1 – Pehr Osbeck sets out on a primarily botanical expedition to China.
Physics
January 17 –... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilinear%20form | In mathematics, a bilinear form is a bilinear map on a vector space (the elements of which are called vectors) over a field K (the elements of which are called scalars). In other words, a bilinear form is a function that is linear in each argument separately:
and
and
The dot product on is an example of a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%921 | In mathematics, −1 (negative one or minus one) is the additive inverse of 1, that is, the number that when added to 1 gives the additive identity element, 0. It is the negative integer greater than negative two (−2) and less than 0.
Algebraic properties
Multiplication
Multiplying a number by −1 is equivalent to chan... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed%20point%20%28mathematics%29 | {{hatnote|1=Fixed points in mathematics are not to be confused with other uses of "fixed point", or stationary points where {{math|1=f(x) = 0}}.}}
In mathematics, a fixed point (sometimes shortened to fixpoint), also known as an invariant point, is a value that does not change under a given transformation. Specificall... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theta%20function | In mathematics, theta functions are special functions of several complex variables. They show up in many topics, including Abelian varieties, moduli spaces, quadratic forms, and solitons. As Grassmann algebras, they appear in quantum field theory.
The most common form of theta function is that occurring in the theory ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key%20derivation%20function | In cryptography, a key derivation function (KDF) is a cryptographic algorithm that derives one or more secret keys from a secret value such as a master key, a password, or a passphrase using a pseudorandom function (which typically uses a cryptographic hash function or block cipher). KDFs can be used to stretch keys in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobi%20elliptic%20functions | In mathematics, the Jacobi elliptic functions are a set of basic elliptic functions. They are found in the description of the motion of a pendulum (see also pendulum (mathematics)), as well as in the design of electronic elliptic filters. While trigonometric functions are defined with reference to a circle, the Jacobi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subgraph%20isomorphism%20problem | In theoretical computer science, the subgraph isomorphism problem is a computational task in which two graphs G and H are given as input, and one must determine whether G contains a subgraph that is isomorphic to H.
Subgraph isomorphism is a generalization of both the maximum clique problem and the problem of testing w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1748%20in%20science | The year 1748 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Archaeology
Rediscovery of the ruins of Pompeii.
Chemistry
Thomas Frye of the Bow porcelain factory in London produces bone china.
Earth sciences
Publication in Amsterdam of the Neptunian theory of French diplomat Benoît de Maillet (died 17... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBA | CBA may refer to:
Maths and science
Casei Bifidus Acidophilus, a bacterium
Colicin, activity protein
Complete Boolean algebra, a concept from mathematics
Cytometric Bead Array, a bead-based immunoassay
Cell Based Assay, also a kind of immunoassay
4-Carboxybenzaldehyde, a byproduct in the industrial production o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorin | Thorin may refer to:
Thorin II Oakenshield, a Dwarf in J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit
Thorin (chemistry), an organic arsenic compound used in the determination of thorium and barium
Donald E. Thorin (1934–2016), American cinematographer
Olof Thorin (1912–2004), Swedish mathematician
Thorin, Germanic name for males,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic%20Curve%20Digital%20Signature%20Algorithm | In cryptography, the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) offers a variant of the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) which uses elliptic-curve cryptography.
Key and signature-size
As with elliptic-curve cryptography in general, the bit size of the private key believed to be needed for ECDSA is about twice... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schnorr%20signature | In cryptography, a Schnorr signature is a digital signature produced by the Schnorr signature algorithm that was described by Claus Schnorr. It is a digital signature scheme known for its simplicity, among the first whose security is based on the intractability of certain discrete logarithm problems. It is efficient an... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-knowledge%20proof | In cryptography, a zero-knowledge proof or zero-knowledge protocol is a method by which one party (the prover) can prove to another party (the verifier) that a given statement is true, while avoiding conveying to the verifier any information beyond the mere fact of the statement's truth. The intuition underlying zero-k... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femtochemistry | Femtochemistry is the area of physical chemistry that studies chemical reactions on extremely short timescales (approximately 10−15 seconds or one femtosecond, hence the name) in order to study the very act of atoms within molecules (reactants) rearranging themselves to form new molecules (products). In a 1988 issue of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field%20norm | In mathematics, the (field) norm is a particular mapping defined in field theory, which maps elements of a larger field into a subfield.
Formal definition
Let K be a field and L a finite extension (and hence an algebraic extension) of K.
The field L is then a finite dimensional vector space over K.
Multiplication by... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running%20key%20cipher | In classical cryptography, the running key cipher is a type of polyalphabetic substitution cipher in which a text, typically from a book, is used to provide a very long keystream. Usually, the book to be used would be agreed ahead of time, while the passage to be used would be chosen randomly for each message and secre... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan%20Watts | Susan Janet Watts (born 13 July 1962) is a science journalist. She was science editor of the BBC's Newsnight programme, from January 1995 to November 2013.
Education
Watts was educated at Haberdashers' Aske's Hatcham Girls' School. She has a Bachelor of Science degree in Physics from Imperial College London and a Dipl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobi | Jacobi may refer to:
People with the surname Jacobi
Mathematics:
Jacobi sum, a type of character sum
Jacobi method, a method for determining the solutions of a diagonally dominant system of linear equations
Jacobi eigenvalue algorithm, a method for calculating the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a real symmetric ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rita%20R.%20Colwell | Rita Rossi Colwell (born November 23, 1934) is an American environmental microbiologist and scientific administrator. Colwell holds degrees in bacteriology, genetics, and oceanography and studies infectious diseases. Colwell is the founder and Chair of CosmosID, a bioinformatics company. From 1998 to 2004, she was the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Society%20for%20Microbiology | The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), originally the Society of American Bacteriologists, is a professional organization for scientists who study viruses, bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa as well as other aspects of microbiology. It was founded in 1899. The Society publishes a variety of scientific journals,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avida | Avida is an artificial life software platform to study the evolutionary biology of self-replicating and evolving computer programs (digital organisms). Avida is under active development by Charles Ofria's Digital Evolution Lab at Michigan State University; the first version of Avida was designed in 1993 by Ofria, Chris... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random%20oracle | In cryptography, a random oracle is an oracle (a theoretical black box) that responds to every unique query with a (truly) random response chosen uniformly from its output domain. If a query is repeated, it responds the same way every time that query is submitted.
Stated differently, a random oracle is a mathematical ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Solar%20Observatory | The National Solar Observatory (NSO) is a United States federally funded research and development center to advance the knowledge of the physics of the Sun. NSO studies the Sun both as an astronomical object and as the dominant external influence on Earth.
NSO is headquartered in Boulder and operates facilities at a nu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MESSENGER | MESSENGER was a NASA robotic space probe that orbited the planet Mercury between 2011 and 2015, studying Mercury's chemical composition, geology, and magnetic field. The name is a backronym for "Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry, and Ranging", and a reference to the messenger god Mercury from Roman myth... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPS | IPS, ips, or iPS may refer to:
Science and technology
Biology and medicine
Ips (beetle), a genus of bark beetle
Induced pluripotent stem cell or iPS cells
Intermittent photic stimulation, a neuroimaging technique
Intraparietal sulcus, a region of the brain
Computing
IPS panel, screen technology for liquid-cryst... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1742%20in%20science | The year 1742 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
January 14 – Death of Edmond Halley; James Bradley succeeds him as Astronomer Royal in Great Britain.
Mathematics
June – Christian Goldbach produces Goldbach's conjecture.
Colin Maclaurin publishes his Treatise on Fluxions in Great... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J-invariant | In mathematics, Felix Klein's -invariant or function, regarded as a function of a complex variable , is a modular function of weight zero for defined on the upper half-plane of complex numbers. It is the unique such function which is holomorphic away from a simple pole at the cusp such that
Rational functions of ar... |
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