source stringlengths 31 207 | text stringlengths 12 1.5k |
|---|---|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1722%20in%20science | The year 1722 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Chemistry
René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur publishes his work on metallurgy, L'Art de convertir le fer forge en acier, which describes how to convert iron into steel.
Exploration
April 5 (Easter Sunday) – Jacob Roggeveen lands on Easter Isla... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertible%20%28disambiguation%29 | Invertible may refer to
Mathematics
Invertible element
Invertible function
Invertible ideal
Invertible knot
Invertible jet
Invertible matrix
Invertible module
Invertible sheaf
Others
Invertible counterpoint
See also
Inverse (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Clark%20%28programmer%29 | James Clark (born 23 February 1964) is a software engineer and creator of various open-source software including groff, expat and several XML specifications.
Education and early life
Clark was born in London and educated at Charterhouse School and Merton College, Oxford where he studied Mathematics and Philosophy.
Ca... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional%20ideal | In mathematics, in particular commutative algebra, the concept of fractional ideal is introduced in the context of integral domains and is particularly fruitful in the study of Dedekind domains. In some sense, fractional ideals of an integral domain are like ideals where denominators are allowed. In contexts where frac... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derived%20set | A derived set may refer to:
Derived set (mathematics), a construction in point-set topology
Derived row, a concept in musical set theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar%20potential | In mathematical physics, scalar potential, simply stated, describes the situation where the difference in the potential energies of an object in two different positions depends only on the positions, not upon the path taken by the object in traveling from one position to the other. It is a scalar field in three-space:... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARF | ARF may refer to:
Organizations
Advertising Research Foundation
Animal Rescue Foundation
Armenian Revolutionary Federation
ASEAN Regional Forum
People
Cahit Arf (1910–1997), Turkish mathematician
Science, medicine, and mathematics
Acute renal failure
Acute rheumatic fever
ADP ribosylation factor, a small GTP... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddington%20number | In astrophysics, the Eddington number, , is the number of protons in the observable universe. Eddington originally calculated it as about ; current estimates make it approximately .
The term is named for British astrophysicist Arthur Eddington, who in 1940 was the first to propose a value of and to explain why this n... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanish%20at%20infinity | In mathematics, a function is said to vanish at infinity if its values approach 0 as the input grows without bounds. There are two different ways to define this with one definition applying to functions defined on normed vector spaces and the other applying to functions defined on locally compact spaces.
Aside from th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20basis | In mathematics, the standard basis (also called natural basis or canonical basis) of a coordinate vector space (such as or ) is the set of vectors, each of whose components are all zero, except one that equals 1. For example, in the case of the Euclidean plane formed by the pairs of real numbers, the standard basis ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1718%20in%20science | This is a list of significant events that occurred in the year 1718 in science.
Astronomy
Edmond Halley discovers the proper motion of stars.
Chemistry
Étienne François Geoffroy presents the first ever table of chemical affinity (based on displacement reactions) to the French Academy of Sciences.
Mathematics
Abra... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1717%20in%20science | The year 1717 in science and technology involved few significant events.
Biology
Thomas Fairchild, a nurseryman at Hoxton in the East End of London, becomes the first person to produce a successful scientific plant hybrid, Dianthus Caryophyllus barbatus, known as "Fairchild's Mule".
James Petiver publishes Papilionu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1716%20in%20science | The year 1716 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Chemistry
Johann von Löwenstern-Kunckel publishes his handbook of experimental chemistry, Collegium physico-chymicum experimentale, oder, Laboratorium chymicum, in Germany.
Events
Tsar Peter the Great of Russia studies with the physician Herm... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1714%20in%20science | The year 1714 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Mathematics
March – Roger Cotes publishes Logometrica in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. He provides the first proof of what is now known as Euler's formula and constructs the logarithmic spiral.
May – Brook Taylor publish... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1713%20in%20science | The year 1713 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
John Rowley of London produces an orrery to a commission by Charles Boyle, 4th Earl of Orrery.
Mathematics
September 9 – Nicolas Bernoulli first describes the St. Petersburg paradox in a letter to Pierre Raymond de Montmort.
Novemb... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1712%20in%20science | The year 1712 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
John Flamsteed's Historia Coelestis is first published, against his will and without credit by Isaac Newton and Edmond Halley with the influence of John Arbuthnot. (A final version, approved by Flamsteed, is published posthumously in ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1711%20in%20science | The year 1711 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Biology
Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli shows that coral is an animal rather than a plant as previously thought.
Mathematics
Giovanni Ceva publishes De Re Nummeraria (Concerning Money Matters), one of the first books on mathematical economics.
Joh... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunel | Tunel or Tünel may refer to:
TUNEL assay (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling assay), in genetics, a method for detecting DNA fragmentation
Tunel (band), Yugoslav rock band
Tunel (railroad station), railroad station in Poland
Tünel, a historical underground funicular in Istanbul, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle%20in%20a%20one-dimensional%20lattice | In quantum mechanics, the particle in a one-dimensional lattice is a problem that occurs in the model of a periodic crystal lattice. The potential is caused by ions in the periodic structure of the crystal creating an electromagnetic field so electrons are subject to a regular potential inside the lattice. It is a gen... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Bolt | Richard Henry Bolt (April 22, 1911 – January 13, 2002) was an American physics professor at MIT with an interest in acoustics. He was one of the founders of the company Bolt, Beranek and Newman, which built the ARPANET, a forerunner of the Internet.
Early life
Bolt was born in Peking, China, where his parents were med... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryogenesis | In physical cosmology, baryogenesis (also known as baryosynthesis) is the physical process that is hypothesized to have taken place during the early universe to produce baryonic asymmetry, i.e. the imbalance of matter (baryons) and antimatter (antibaryons) in the observed universe.
One of the outstanding problems in m... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1709%20in%20science | The year 1709 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Meteorology
January – Great Frost in Western Europe.
Physics
Francis Hauksbee publishes Physico-Mechanical Experiments on Various Subjects, summarizing the results of his many experiments with electricity and other topics.
Technology
Januar... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1707%20in%20science | The year 1707 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Geophysics
May 23 – Volcanic eruption in the Santorini caldera begins.
October 28 – The Hōei earthquake ruptures all segments of the Nankai megathrust simultaneously – the only earthquake known to have done this. It is the most powerful in Jap... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1704%20in%20science | The year 1704 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
approx. date – The first modern orrery is built by George Graham and Thomas Tompion.
Earth sciences
An earthquake strikes Gondar in Ethiopia.
Meteorology
Daniel Defoe documents the Great Storm of 1703 with eyewitness testimonies i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1703%20in%20science | The year 1703 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Biology
Charles Plumier's Nova plantarum Americanarum genera begins publication in Paris. This includes descriptions of Fuchsia, discovered by him on Hispaniola, and naming of the genus Magnolia, applied to species from Martinique.
Chemistry
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTB | BTB may refer to:
In biology:
Blood–testis barrier in testicular anatomy
Blood–thymus barrier
Bovine tuberculosis or Mycobacterium bovis, a disease originating in cattle
Breakthrough bleeding, of the menstrual period
Bromothymol blue, a chemical indicator for weak acids and bases
BTB/POZ domain, a protein domain... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic%20divisor%20number | In mathematics, a harmonic divisor number or Ore number is a positive integer whose divisors have a harmonic mean that is an integer. The first few harmonic divisor numbers are
1, 6, 28, 140, 270, 496, 672, 1638, 2970, 6200, 8128, 8190 .
Harmonic divisor numbers were introduced by Øystein Ore, who showed that every per... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional%20%28computer%20programming%29 | In computer science, conditionals (that is, conditional statements, conditional expressions and conditional constructs) are programming language commands for handling decisions. Specifically, conditionals perform different computations or actions depending on whether a programmer-defined Boolean condition evaluates to ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body%20image | Body image is a person's thoughts, feelings and perception of the aesthetics or sexual attractiveness of their own body. The concept of body image is used in a number of disciplines, including neuroscience, psychology, medicine, psychiatry, psychoanalysis, philosophy, cultural and feminist studies; the media also often... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/144%20%28number%29 | 144 (one hundred [and] forty-four) is the natural number following 143 and preceding 145. 144 is a dozen dozens, or one gross.
In mathematics
144 is the square of 12. It is also the twelfth Fibonacci number, following 89 and preceding 233, and the only Fibonacci number (other than 0, and 1) to also be a square. 144 is... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/666%20%28number%29 | 666 (six hundred [and] sixty-six) is the natural number following 665 and preceding 667.
In Christianity, 666 is referred to in (most manuscripts of) chapter 13 of the Book of Revelation of the New Testament as the "number of the beast."
In mathematics
666 is the sum of the first thirty-six natural numbers, which mak... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addition%20polymer | In polymer chemistry, an addition polymer is a polymer that forms by simple linking of monomers without the co-generation of other products. Addition polymerization differs from condensation polymerization, which does co-generate a product, usually water. Addition polymers can be formed by chain polymerization, when t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kikuchi | Kikuchi, often written 菊池 or 菊地, may refer to:
Places
Kikuchi, Kumamoto
Kikuchi River, Kumamoto
Kikuchi District, Kumamoto
People
Kikuchi (surname)
Kikuchi clan
Yoshihiko Kikuchi
Yusei Kikuchi
Other
Kikuchi disease, a rare, non-cancerous enlargement of the lymph nodes
Kikuchi line (solid state physics), a l... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric%20signature | In mathematics, the signature of a metric tensor g (or equivalently, a real quadratic form thought of as a real symmetric bilinear form on a finite-dimensional vector space) is the number (counted with multiplicity) of positive, negative and zero eigenvalues of the real symmetric matrix of the metric tensor with res... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon%20Speelman | Jonathan Simon Speelman (born 2 October 1956) is a British chess player and author. He was awarded the title of Grandmaster in 1980.
Early life and education
Speelman was educated at St Paul's School, London and Worcester College, Oxford, where he read mathematics.
Career
A winner of the British Chess Championship in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space%20group | In mathematics, physics and chemistry, a space group is the symmetry group of a repeating pattern in space, usually in three dimensions. The elements of a space group (its symmetry operations) are the rigid transformations of the pattern that leave it unchanged. In three dimensions, space groups are classified into 219... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life%20on%20Mars | The possibility of life on Mars is a subject of interest in astrobiology due to the planet's proximity and similarities to Earth. To date, no proof of past or present life has been found on Mars. Cumulative evidence suggests that during the ancient Noachian time period, the surface environment of Mars had liquid water ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/555%20%28number%29 | 555 (five hundred [and] fifty-five) is the natural number following 554 and preceding 556.
In mathematics
555 is a sphenic number. In base 10, it is a repdigit, and because it is divisible by the sum of its digits, it is a Harshad number. It is also a Harshad number in binary, base 11, base 13 and hexadecimal.
It is... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiholomorphic%20function | In mathematics, antiholomorphic functions (also called antianalytic functions) are a family of functions closely related to but distinct from holomorphic functions.
A function of the complex variable z defined on an open set in the complex plane is said to be antiholomorphic if its derivative with respect to exists... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African%20spoonbill | The African spoonbill (Platalea alba) is a long-legged wading bird of the ibis and spoonbill family Threskiornithidae. The species is widespread across Africa and Madagascar, including Botswana, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe.
Biology
It lives in marshy wetlands with some open shallow water a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroacoustic%20music | Electroacoustic music is a genre of popular and Western art music in which composers use technology to manipulate the timbres of acoustic sounds, sometimes by using audio signal processing, such as reverb or harmonizing, on acoustical instruments. It originated around the middle of the 20th century, following the incor... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.%20B.%20Ford | Edmund Brisco "Henry" Ford (23 April 1901 – 2 January 1988) was a British ecological geneticist. He was a leader among those British biologists who investigated the role of natural selection in nature. As a schoolboy Ford became interested in lepidoptera, the group of insects which includes butterflies and moths. He w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCD | NCD may refer to:
Language
Nemine contradicente (or N.C.D.), for 'with no one speaking against'
Non-convergent discourse, an asymmetricly bilingual conversation
Mathematics
Normalized compression distance, in statistics and information theory
Nearly completely decomposable Markov chain, in probability theory
Medicin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperner%27s%20lemma | In mathematics, Sperner's lemma is a combinatorial result on colorings of triangulations, analogous to the Brouwer fixed point theorem, which is equivalent to it. It states that every Sperner coloring (described below) of a triangulation of an simplex contains a cell whose vertices all have different colors.
The init... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%27Alembert%27s%20paradox | In fluid dynamics, d'Alembert's paradox (or the hydrodynamic paradox) is a contradiction reached in 1752 by French mathematician Jean le Rond d'Alembert. D'Alembert proved that – for incompressible and inviscid potential flow – the drag force is zero on a body moving with constant velocity relative to the fluid. Zero d... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excitatory%20postsynaptic%20potential | In neuroscience, an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is a postsynaptic potential that makes the postsynaptic neuron more likely to fire an action potential. This temporary depolarization of postsynaptic membrane potential, caused by the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell, is a result of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysiogenes%20arsenatis | Chrysiogenes arsenatis is a species of bacterium in the family Chrysiogenaceae. It has a unique biochemistry. Instead of respiring with oxygen, it respires using the most oxidized form of arsenic, arsenate. It uses arsenate as its terminal electron acceptor. Arsenic is usually toxic to life. Bacteria like Chrysiogenes ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Hung | William Hing Cheung Hung (; born January 13, 1983) is a Hong Kong motivational speaker and former singer who gained fame in 2004 as a result of his unsuccessful audition singing Ricky Martin's hit song "She Bangs" on the third season of the television series American Idol.
At the time of his audition, Hung was a civi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1654%20in%20science | The year 1654 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
Sicilian astronomer Giovanni Battista Hodierna publishes De systemate orbis cometici, deque admirandis coeli characteribus including a catalog of comets and nebulae.
Mathematics
At the prompting of the Chevalier de Méré, Blaise Pasc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decoding | Decoding or decode may refer to: is the process of converting code into plain text or any format that is useful for subsequent processes.
Science and technology
Decoding, the reverse of encoding
Parsing, in computer science
Digital-to-analog converter, "decoding" of a digital signal
Phonics, decoding in communicat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Books%20on%20cryptography | Books on cryptography have been published sporadically and with highly variable quality for a long time. This is despite the tempting, though superficial, paradox that secrecy is of the essence in sending confidential messages — see Kerckhoffs' principle.
In contrast, the revolutions in cryptography and secure communi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onsager | Onsager is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Lars Onsager (1903–1976), Norwegian–American physical chemist and theoretical physicist
Søren Onsager (1878–1946), Norwegian painter
See also
Onsager Medal, an award in the fields of chemistry, physics and mathematics
Onsager reciprocal relations, cer... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow | Flow may refer to:
Science and technology
Fluid flow, the motion of a gas or liquid
Flow (geomorphology), a type of mass wasting or slope movement in geomorphology
Flow (mathematics), a group action of the real numbers on a set
Flow (psychology), a mental state of being fully immersed and focused
Flow, a spacecra... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembler | Assembler may refer to:
Arts and media
Nobukazu Takemura, avant-garde electronic musician, stage name Assembler
Assemblers, a fictional race in the Star Wars universe
Assemblers, an alternative name of the superhero group Champions of Angor
Biology
Assembler (bioinformatics), a program to perform genome assembly
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1644%20in%20science | The year 1644 AD in science and technology involved some significant events.
Mathematics
The Basel problem is posed by Pietro Mengoli, and will puzzle mathematicians until solved by Leonhard Euler in 1735.
Technology
Jacob van Eyck collaborates with the bellfounding duo Pieter and François Hemony to create the firs... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1625%20in%20science | The year 1625 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Chemistry
First description of hydrogen by Johann Baptista van Helmont. First to use the word "gas".
Johann Rudolf Glauber discovers sodium sulfate (sal mirabilis or "Glauber's salt", used as a laxative) in Austrian spring water.
Births
June... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1667%20in%20science | The year 1667 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
June 24 – The site of the Paris Observatory is located on the Paris Meridian.
Chemistry
Johann Joachim Becher originates what will become known as phlogiston theory in his Physical Education.
History and philosophy of science
Thom... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1679%20in%20science | The year 1679 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Botany
Establishment of Hortus Botanicus (Amsterdam).
Mathematics
Samuel Morland publishes The Doctrine of Interest, both Simple & Compound, probably the first tables produced with the aid of a calculating machine.
Medicine
Great Plague of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1677%20in%20science | The year 1677 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
Publication of the first English star atlas, John Seller's Atlas Coelestis.
Mathematics
Publication of Cocker's Arithmetick: Being a Plain and Familiar Method Suitable to the Meanest Capacity for the Full Understanding of That Incom... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1683%20in%20science | The year 1683 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Geography
Vincenzo Coronelli completes terrestrial and celestial globes for Louis XIV of France.
Biology
September 17 – Antonie van Leeuwenhoek writes a letter to the Royal Society of London describing "animalcules" – the first known descript... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal%20energy | The term "thermal energy" is used loosely in various contexts in physics and engineering, generally related to the kinetic energy of vibrating and colliding atoms in a substance. It can refer to several different well-defined physical concepts. These include the internal energy or enthalpy of a body of matter and radi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan%20Vinogradov | Ivan Matveevich Vinogradov (; 14 September 1891 – 20 March 1983) was a Soviet mathematician, who was one of the creators of modern analytic number theory, and also a dominant figure in mathematics in the USSR. He was born in the Velikiye Luki district, Pskov Oblast. He graduated from the University of St. Petersburg, w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1687%20in%20science | The year 1687 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
The constellation Triangulum Minus is named by Johannes Hevelius.
Biology
Alida Withoos at the house of Agnes Block makes a painting of the first pineapple bred in Europe.
Medicine
Dutch physician Willem ten Rhijne publishes Verha... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1688%20in%20science | The year 1688 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.
Astronomy
The constellation Sceptrum Brandenburgicum is named by Gottfried Kirch.
Exploration
A French Jesuit scientific mission led by Jean de Fontaney arrives in China.
Mathematics
Simon de la Loubère introduces ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1692%20in%20science | The year 1692 in science and technology:
Events
In the American colonies, the Salem witch trials develop, following 250 years of witch-hunts in Europe.
Mathematics
The tractrix, sometimes called a tractory or equitangential curve, is first studied by Christiaan Huygens, who gives it its name.
John Arbuthnot publis... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1699%20in%20science | The year 1699 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Biology
English physician Edward Tyson publishes Orang-Outang, sive Homo Sylvestris: or, the Anatomy of a Pygmie Compared with that of a Monkey, an Ape, and a Man, a pioneering work of comparative anatomy.
Exploration
July 26 – William Dampie... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1640%20in%20science | The year 1640 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Botany
John Parkinson publishes Theatrum Botanicum:The Theater of Plants, or, An Herbal of a Large Extent.
Mathematics
The 16-year-old Blaise Pascal demonstrates the properties of the hexagrammum mysticum in his Essai pour les coniques which ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1629%20in%20science | The year 1629 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Botany
In London, John Parkinson publishes .
Chemistry
English alchemist Arthur Dee, court physician to Michael I of Russia, compiles Fasciculus Chemicus, Chymical Collections. Expressing the Ingress, Progress, and Egress, of the Secret Herme... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1664%20in%20science | The year 1664 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
May 9 – Robert Hooke discovers Jupiter's Great Red Spot.
Biology
Francesco Redi writes Osservazioni intorno alle vipere ("Observations about the Viper"), demonstrating that popular beliefs about venom are untrue.
Mathematics
Janua... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1623%20in%20science | The year 1623 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
July 16 – Great conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn, the closest together the two planets come until 2020.
Biology
Apple orchard at Grönsö Manor in Sweden planted; it will still be productive into the 21st century.
Psychology
Erotom... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A13 | A13 or A-13 may refer to:
Biology
ATC code A13 Tonics, a subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System
British NVC community A13 (Potamogeton perfoliatus - Myriophyllum alterniflorum community)
Subfamily A13, a rhodopsin-like receptors subfamily
Transportation
A13 road, in several countri... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1659%20in%20science | The year 1659 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
Christiaan Huygens publishes Systema Saturnium, including the first illustration of the Orion Nebula.
Mathematics
First known use of the term Abscissa, by Stefano degli Angeli.
Swiss mathematician Johann Rahn publishes Teutsche Alg... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1658%20in%20science | The year 1658 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
approx. date – Kamalakara compiles his major work, Siddhāntatattvaviveka, in Varanasi.
Life sciences
Jan Swammerdam observes red blood cells (in the frog) with the aid of a microscope.
Samuel Volckertzoon observes a quokka on Rottn... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift%20operator | In mathematics, and in particular functional analysis, the shift operator, also known as the translation operator, is an operator that takes a function
to its translation . In time series analysis, the shift operator is called the lag operator.
Shift operators are examples of linear operators, important for their sim... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential%20gradient | In physics, chemistry and biology, a potential gradient is the local rate of change of the potential with respect to displacement, i.e. spatial derivative, or gradient. This quantity frequently occurs in equations of physical processes because it leads to some form of flux.
Definition
One dimension
The simplest defi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1696%20in%20science | The year 1696 in science and technology involved some significant events.
History of science
Daniel Le Clerc publishes Histoire de la médecine in Geneva, the first comprehensive work on the subject.
Mathematics
Guillaume de l'Hôpital publishes Analyse des Infiniment Petits pour l'Intelligence des Lignes Courbes, th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1661%20in%20science | The year 1661 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Biology
Marcello Malpighi is the first to observe and correctly describe capillaries when he discovers them in a frog's lung.
Chemistry
Robert Boyle's The Sceptical Chymist is published in London.
Environment
John Evelyn's pamphlet Fumifugi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1638%20in%20science | The year 1638 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
December 21 – Total eclipse of the Moon falls on the same day as the winter solstice, for the first time in the Common Era.
Geology
(Italy).
. The epicentre was in Crotone.
Physics
The final book of the now-blind Galileo, Discor... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1685%20in%20science | The year 1685 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Mathematics
Adam Adamandy Kochański publishes an approximation for squaring the circle.
Physiology and medicine
Charles Allen publishes the first book in English on dentistry, The Operator for the Teeth.
Govert Bidloo publishes an atlas of h... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1684%20in%20science | The year 1684 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
December 10 – Edmond Halley presents the paper De motu corporum in gyrum, containing Isaac Newton's derivation of Kepler's laws of planetary motion (incorporating inverse-square force) from his theory of gravity, to the Royal Society ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transactional%20interpretation | The transactional interpretation of quantum mechanics (TIQM) takes the wave function of the standard quantum formalism, and its complex conjugate, to be retarded (forward in time) and advanced (backward in time) waves that form a quantum interaction as a Wheeler–Feynman handshake or transaction. It was first proposed i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1680%20in%20science | The year 1680 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
14 November NS – Great Comet of 1680 observed by Gottfried Kirch, the first comet discovered by telescope.
Biology
English comparative anatomist Edward Tyson publishes Phocæna, or The anatomy of a porpess, dissected at Gresham Colle... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1637%20in%20science | The year 1637 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Mathematics
René Descartes promotes intellectual rigour in Discours de la méthode pour bien conduire sa raison, et chercher la vérité dans les sciences and introduces the Cartesian coordinate system in its appendix La Géométrie (published in Le... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9lix%20d%27H%C3%A9relle | Félix d'Hérelle (25 April 1873 – 22 February 1949) was a French microbiologist. He was co-discoverer of bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) and experimented with the possibility of phage therapy. D'Hérelle has also been credited for his contributions to the larger concept of applied microbiology.
d'Hérelle w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1678%20in%20science | The year 1678 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
Edmund Halley publishes a catalogue of 341 southern stars—the first systematic southern sky survey.
Physics
Christiaan Huygens publishes his Traité de la Lumière/Treatise on Light, which states his principle of wavefront sources.
R... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/169%20%28number%29 | 169 (one hundred [and] sixty-nine) is the natural number following 168 and preceding 170.
In mathematics
169 is an odd number, a composite number, and a deficient number.
169 is a square number: 13 × 13 = 169, and if each number is reversed the equation is still true: 31 × 31 = 961. 144 shares this property: 12 × 12 ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial%20discharge | In electrical engineering, partial discharge (PD) is a localized dielectric breakdown (DB) (which does not completely bridge the space between the two conductors) of a small portion of a solid or fluid electrical insulation (EI) system under high voltage (HV) stress.
While a corona discharge (CD) is usually revealed... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophile | In chemistry, an electrophile is a chemical species that forms bonds with nucleophiles by accepting an electron pair. Because electrophiles accept electrons, they are Lewis acids. Most electrophiles are positively charged, have an atom that carries a partial positive charge, or have an atom that does not have an octet ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMC | DMC may refer to:
Computer science and information technology
Data Matrix Code, laser etched square code, often used for marking products in the production area
Diffusion Monte Carlo method
Digital Media Controller, a category within the DLNA standard (for sharing digital media among multimedia devices) tasked wit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems%20biology | Systems biology is the computational and mathematical analysis and modeling of complex biological systems. It is a biology-based interdisciplinary field of study that focuses on complex interactions within biological systems, using a holistic approach (holism instead of the more traditional reductionism) to biological ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FASTA%20format | In bioinformatics and biochemistry, the FASTA format is a text-based format for representing either nucleotide sequences or amino acid (protein) sequences, in which nucleotides or amino acids are represented using single-letter codes.
The format allows for sequence names and comments to precede the sequences. It origi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mask%20%28computing%29 | In computer science, a mask or bitmask is data that is used for bitwise operations, particularly in a bit field. Using a mask, multiple bits in a byte, nibble, word, etc. can be set either on or off, or inverted from on to off (or vice versa) in a single bitwise operation. An additional use of masking involves predica... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagell%E2%80%93Lutz%20theorem | In mathematics, the Nagell–Lutz theorem is a result in the diophantine geometry of elliptic curves, which describes rational torsion points on elliptic curves over the integers.
It is named for Trygve Nagell and Élisabeth Lutz.
Definition of the terms
Suppose that the equation
defines a non-singular cubic curve with ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purely%20functional | Purely functional may refer to:
Computer science
Pure function, a function that does not have side effects
Purely functional data structure, a persistent data structure that does not rely on mutable state
Purely functional programming, a programming paradigm that does not rely on mutable state
Law
Functionality... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Committee%20for%20Electrotechnical%20Standardization | CENELEC (; ) is responsible for European standardization in the area of electrical engineering. Together with ETSI (telecommunications) and CEN (other technical areas), it forms the European system for technical standardization. Standards harmonised by these agencies are regularly adopted in many countries outside Euro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete%20group | In mathematics, a topological group G is called a discrete group if there is no limit point in it (i.e., for each element in G, there is a neighborhood which only contains that element). Equivalently, the group G is discrete if and only if its identity is isolated.
A subgroup H of a topological group G is a discrete ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edison%20Denisov | Edison Vasilievich Denisov (, 6 April 1929 – 24 November 1996) was a Russian composer in the so-called "Underground", "alternative" or "nonconformist" division of Soviet music.
Biography
Denisov was born in Tomsk, Siberia. He studied mathematics before deciding to spend his life composing. This decision was enthusi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20curves | This is a list of Wikipedia articles about curves used in different fields: mathematics (including geometry, statistics, and applied mathematics), physics, engineering, economics, medicine, biology, psychology, ecology, etc.
Mathematics (Geometry)
Algebraic curves
Rational curves
Rational curves are subdivided accor... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher%20equation | In financial mathematics and economics, the Fisher equation expresses the relationship between nominal interest rates, real interest rates, and inflation. Named after Irving Fisher, an American economist, it can be expressed as real interest rate ≈ nominal interest rate − inflation rate.
In more formal terms, where ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%20loop | In computer science a for-loop or for loop is a control flow statement for specifying iteration. Specifically, a for loop functions by running a section of code repeatedly until a certain condition has been satisfied.
For-loops have two parts: a header and a body. The header defines the iteration and the body is the... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.