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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa | Costa may refer to:
Biology
Rib (Latin: costa), in vertebrate anatomy
Costa (botany), the central strand of a plant leaf or thallus
Costa (coral), a stony rib, part of the skeleton of a coral
Costa (entomology), the leading edge of the forewing of winged insects, as well as a part of the male clasper
Arts and ent... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annihilator | Annihilator(s) may refer to:
Mathematics
Annihilator (ring theory)
Annihilator (linear algebra), the annihilator of a subset of a vector subspace
Annihilator method, a type of differential operator, used in a particular method for solving differential equations
Annihilator matrix, in regression analysis
Music
An... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Fersht | Sir Alan Roy Fersht (born 21 April 1943) is a British chemist at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, and an Emeritus Professor in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Cambridge. He was Master of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge from 2012 to 2018. He works on protein folding, and is som... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengt%20N%C3%B6lting | Bengt Nölting (1 May 1962 – 16 September 2009) was a German physicist and biophysicist who pioneered various methods in biophysics and engineering. Achievements include studying biological macromolecules, the development of self-evolving computer programs, and the development new energy technologies. From 1994–1997 Nöl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear%20approximation | In mathematics, a linear approximation is an approximation of a general function using a linear function (more precisely, an affine function). They are widely used in the method of finite differences to produce first order methods for solving or approximating solutions to equations.
Definition
Given a twice continuous... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20polynomial | In mathematics, the Alexander polynomial is a knot invariant which assigns a polynomial with integer coefficients to each knot type. James Waddell Alexander II discovered this, the first knot polynomial, in 1923. In 1969, John Conway showed a version of this polynomial, now called the Alexander–Conway polynomial, cou... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix%20Iversen | Felix Christian Herbert Iversen (22 October 1887 – 31 July 1973) was a Finnish mathematician and a pacifist. He was a student of Ernst Lindelöf, and later an associate professor of mathematics at the University of Helsinki. Although he stopped performing serious research in mathematics around 1922, he continued working... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szczecin%20University%20of%20Technology | Szczecin University of Technology () was one of the biggest universities in Szczecin, Poland.
History
Szczecin University of Technology was established on 1 December 1946 as School of Engineering in Szczecin (Polish: Szkoła Inżynierska w Szczecinie). Initially it included three faculties - Faculty of Electrical Engine... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum%20%28disambiguation%29 | A spectrum is a condition or value that is not limited to a specific set of values but can vary infinitely within a continuum.
Spectrum may also refer to:
Science and technology
Physics
Electromagnetic spectrum
Visible spectrum or optical spectrum, a subset of the electromagnetic spectrum
Emission spectrum, obse... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20D.%20Farrell | Brian Dorsey Farrell is a professor of biology and curator in entomology at Harvard University's Museum of Comparative Zoology. , Farrell is also Director of the David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies at Harvard University.
Early life and education
Farrell was one of eight children born to a United States... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasse%27s%20theorem | In mathematics, there are several theorems of Helmut Hasse that are sometimes called Hasse's theorem:
Hasse norm theorem
Hasse's theorem on elliptic curves
Hasse–Arf theorem
Hasse–Minkowski theorem
See also
Hasse principle, the principle that an integer equation can be solved by piecing together modular soluti... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus%20%28disambiguation%29 | Calculus (from Latin calculus meaning ‘pebble’, plural calculī) in its most general sense is any method or system of calculation.
Calculus may refer to:
Biology
Calculus (spider), a genus of the family Oonopidae
Caseolus calculus, a genus and species of small land snails
Mathematics
Infinitesimal calculus (o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob%20A.%20Marinsky | Jacob Akiba Marinsky (April 11, 1918, Buffalo, New York – September 1, 2005) was a chemist who was the co-discoverer of the element promethium.
Biography
Marinsky was born in Buffalo, New York on April 11, 1918. He attended the State University of New York at Buffalo, beginning at age 16 and receiving a bachelor's deg... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Lemieux | Raymond Urgel Lemieux, CC, AOE, FRS (June 16, 1920 – July 22, 2000) was a Canadian organic chemist, who pioneered many discoveries in the field of chemistry, his first and most famous being the synthesis of sucrose. His contributions include the discovery of the anomeric effect and the development of general methodolog... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Math%20League | Math League is a math competition for elementary, middle, and high school students in the United States, Canada, and other countries. The Math League was founded in 1977 by two high school mathematics teachers, Steven R. Conrad and Daniel Flegler. Math Leagues, Inc. publishes old contests through a series of books ent... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyon | In physics, a dyon is a hypothetical particle in 4-dimensional theories with both electric and magnetic charges. A dyon with a zero electric charge is usually referred to as a magnetic monopole. Many grand unified theories predict the existence of both magnetic monopoles and dyons.
Dyons were first proposed by Julian ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop-erased%20random%20walk | In mathematics, loop-erased random walk is a model for a random simple path with important applications in combinatorics, physics and quantum field theory. It is intimately connected to the uniform spanning tree, a model for a random tree. See also random walk for more general treatment of this topic.
Definition
Assum... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-87%20MG | In cell biology, U-87 MG is a human glioblastoma cell line that is commonly used in brain cancer research.
History and Characteristics
Formally known as U-87 MG (abbreviation for Uppsala 87 Malignant Glioma), the U87 cell line has an epithelial morphology and was obtained from a 44-year-old female patient in 1966 at U... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch | Twitch may refer to:
Biology
Muscle contraction
Convulsion, rapid and repeated muscle contraction and relaxation
Fasciculation, a small, local, involuntary muscle contraction
Myoclonic twitch, a jerk usually caused by sudden muscle contractions
Myokymia, a continuous, involuntary muscle twitch that affects the mu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular%20representation%20theory | Modular representation theory is a branch of mathematics, and is the part of representation theory that studies linear representations of finite groups over a field K of positive characteristic p, necessarily a prime number. As well as having applications to group theory, modular representations arise naturally in othe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicative%20group | In mathematics and group theory, the term multiplicative group refers to one of the following concepts:
the group under multiplication of the invertible elements of a field, ring, or other structure for which one of its operations is referred to as multiplication. In the case of a field F, the group is , where 0 refer... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tail%20call | In computer science, a tail call is a subroutine call performed as the final action of a procedure. If the target of a tail is the same subroutine, the subroutine is said to be tail recursive, which is a special case of direct recursion. Tail recursion (or tail-end recursion) is particularly useful, and is often easy t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulickel%20Ajayan | Pulickel Madhavapanicker Ajayan, known as P. M. Ajayan, is the Benjamin M. and Mary Greenwood Anderson Professor in Engineering at Rice University. He is the founding chair of Rice University's Materials Science and NanoEngineering department and also holds joint appointments with the Department of Chemistry and Depart... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galois%20cohomology | In mathematics, Galois cohomology is the study of the group cohomology of Galois modules, that is, the application of homological algebra to modules for Galois groups. A Galois group G associated to a field extension L/K acts in a natural way on some abelian groups, for example those constructed directly from L, but al... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction%20%28physics%29 | As described by the third of Newton's laws of motion of classical mechanics, all forces occur in pairs such that if one object exerts a force on another object, then the second object exerts an equal and opposite reaction force on the first. The third law is also more generally stated as: "To every action there is al... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroacetic%20acids | In organic chemistry, the chloroacetic acids (systematic name chloroethanoic acids) are three related chlorocarbon carboxylic acids:
Chloroacetic acid (chloroethanoic acid), CH2ClCOOH
Dichloroacetic acid (dichloroethanoic acid; bichloroacetic acid, BCA), CHCl2COOH
Trichloroacetic acid (trichloroethanoic acid), CCl3... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetics%20and%20the%20Origin%20of%20Species | Genetics and the Origin of Species is a 1937 book by the Ukrainian-American evolutionary biologist Theodosius Dobzhansky. It is regarded as one of the most important works of modern synthesis and was one of the earliest. The book popularized the work of population genetics to other biologists and influenced their appre... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unordered%20pair | In mathematics, an unordered pair or pair set is a set of the form {a, b}, i.e. a set having two elements a and b with no particular relation between them, where {a, b} = {b, a}. In contrast, an ordered pair (a, b) has a as its first element and b as its second element, which means (a, b) ≠ (b, a).
While the two elem... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African%20philosophy | African philosophy is the philosophical discourse produced in Africa or by indigenous Africans. African philosophers are found in the various academic fields of present philosophy, such as metaphysics, epistemology, moral philosophy, and political philosophy. One particular subject that several modern African philosoph... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte%20Carlo%20integration | In mathematics, Monte Carlo integration is a technique for numerical integration using random numbers. It is a particular Monte Carlo method that numerically computes a definite integral. While other algorithms usually evaluate the integrand at a regular grid, Monte Carlo randomly chooses points at which the integrand ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraconsistent%20mathematics | Paraconsistent mathematics, sometimes called inconsistent mathematics, represents an attempt to develop the classical infrastructure of mathematics (e.g. analysis) based on a foundation of paraconsistent logic instead of classical logic. A number of reformulations of analysis can be developed, for example functions whi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU%20Scientific%20Library | The GNU Scientific Library (or GSL) is a software library for numerical computations in applied mathematics and science. The GSL is written in C; wrappers are available for other programming languages. The GSL is part of the GNU Project and is distributed under the GNU General Public License.
Project history
The GSL ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combinatorial%20number%20system | In mathematics, and in particular in combinatorics, the combinatorial number system of degree k (for some positive integer k), also referred to as combinadics, or the Macaulay representation of an integer, is a correspondence between natural numbers (taken to include 0) N and k-combinations. The combinations are repres... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolstenholme%27s%20theorem | In mathematics, Wolstenholme's theorem states that for a prime number , the congruence
holds, where the parentheses denote a binomial coefficient. For example, with p = 7, this says that 1716 is one more than a multiple of 343. The theorem was first proved by Joseph Wolstenholme in 1862. In 1819, Charles Babbage sho... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction%20scheduling | In computer science, instruction scheduling is a compiler optimization used to improve instruction-level parallelism, which improves performance on machines with instruction pipelines. Put more simply, it tries to do the following without changing the meaning of the code:
Avoid pipeline stalls by rearranging the orde... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoff%20Crammond | Geoff Crammond is a computer game designer and programmer who specialises in motor racing games. A former defence industry systems engineer, he claims to have had little interest in motor racing before programming his first racing game (Revs) back in 1984, but he holds a physics degree, which may explain the realism of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurwitz%27s%20automorphisms%20theorem | In mathematics, Hurwitz's automorphisms theorem bounds the order of the group of automorphisms, via orientation-preserving conformal mappings, of a compact Riemann surface of genus g > 1, stating that the number of such automorphisms cannot exceed 84(g − 1). A group for which the maximum is achieved is called a Hurwitz... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutator%20method | In computer science, a mutator method is a method used to control changes to a variable. They are also widely known as setter methods. Often a setter is accompanied by a getter, which returns the value of the private member variable. They are also known collectively as accessors.
The mutator method is most often used ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order%20%28ring%20theory%29 | In mathematics, an order in the sense of ring theory is a subring of a ring , such that
is a finite-dimensional algebra over the field of rational numbers
spans over , and
is a -lattice in .
The last two conditions can be stated in less formal terms: Additively, is a free abelian group generated by a basis fo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen%20Rodd | Helen Rodd is a Canadian zoologist who is a professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Toronto.
Rodd's work focuses on reproductive strategies among live-bearing fish as a system to understand mate selection among animals. Her work on mate preference in guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata) attract... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w-Warsaw%20School | Lwow–Warsaw School may refer to:
Lwów–Warsaw school of logic
Lwów School of Mathematics
Warsaw School of Mathematics
Lwów–Warsaw School of History |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEMA%20%28machine%29 | In the history of cryptography, the NEMA (NEue MAschine) ("new machine"), also designated the T-D (Tasten-Druecker-Maschine) ("key-stroke machine"), was a 10-wheel rotor machine designed by the Swiss Army during the World War II as a replacement for their Enigma machines.
History
The Swiss became aware that their curr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotic%20sphere | In an area of mathematics called differential topology, an exotic sphere is a differentiable manifold M that is homeomorphic but not diffeomorphic to the standard Euclidean n-sphere. That is, M is a sphere from the point of view of all its topological properties, but carrying a smooth structure that is not the familiar... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite%20Energy%20%28magazine%29 | Infinite Energy is a bi-monthly magazine published in New Hampshire that details theories and experiments concerning alternative energy, new science and new physics. The magazine was founded by the late Eugene Mallove, and is owned by the non-profit New Energy Foundation. It was established in 1994 as Cold Fusion magaz... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrepancy%20theory | In mathematics, discrepancy theory describes the deviation of a situation from the state one would like it to be in. It is also called the theory of irregularities of distribution. This refers to the theme of classical discrepancy theory, namely distributing points in some space such that they are evenly distributed wi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic%20commit | In the field of computer science, an atomic commit is an operation that applies a set of distinct changes as a single operation. If the changes are applied, then the atomic commit is said to have succeeded. If there is a failure before the atomic commit can be completed, then all of the changes completed in the atomic ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imidazole | Imidazole (ImH) is an organic compound with the formula C3N2H4. It is a white or colourless solid that is soluble in water, producing a mildly alkaline solution. In chemistry, it is an aromatic heterocycle, classified as a diazole, and has non-adjacent nitrogen atoms in meta-substitution.
Many natural products, especi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyapunov%20time | In mathematics, the Lyapunov time is the characteristic timescale on which a dynamical system is chaotic. It is named after the Russian mathematician Aleksandr Lyapunov. It is defined as the inverse of a system's largest Lyapunov exponent.
Use
The Lyapunov time mirrors the limits of the predictability of the system. ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language%20Of%20Temporal%20Ordering%20Specification | In computer science Language Of Temporal Ordering Specification (LOTOS) is a formal specification language based on temporal ordering of events. LOTOS is used for communications protocol specification in International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI) standards.
LOTOS is a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VSEPR%20theory | Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory ( , ), is a model used in chemistry to predict the geometry of individual molecules from the number of electron pairs surrounding their central atoms. It is also named the Gillespie-Nyholm theory after its two main developers, Ronald Gillespie and Ronald Nyholm.
The... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic%20programming | In computer science, automatic programming is a type of computer programming in which some mechanism generates a computer program to allow human programmers to write the code at a higher abstraction level.
There has been little agreement on the precise definition of automatic programming, mostly because its meaning ha... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20R.%20Hendricks | John Robert Hendricks (September 4, 1929 – July 7, 2007) was a Canadian amateur mathematician notable for his work in magic squares and hypercubes. He published many articles in the Journal of Recreational Mathematics as well as other mathematics-related journals.
Early life, education and career
Hendricks was born in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Recreational%20Mathematics | The Journal of Recreational Mathematics was an American journal dedicated to recreational mathematics, started in 1968. It had generally been published quarterly by the Baywood Publishing Company, until it ceased publication with the last issue (volume 38, number 2) published in 2014. The initial publisher (of volumes... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terence%20Tao | Terence Chi-Shen Tao (; born 17 July 1975) is an Australian mathematician. He is a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where he holds the James and Carol Collins chair. His research includes topics in harmonic analysis, partial differential equations, algebraic combinatorics, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixation | Fixation may refer to:
Carbon fixation, a biochemical process, usually driven by photosynthesis, whereby carbon dioxide is converted into organic compounds
Fixation (alchemy), a process in the alchemical magnum opus
Fixation (histology) in biochemistry, histology, cell biology and pathology, the technique of preser... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linearization | In mathematics, linearization is finding the linear approximation to a function at a given point. The linear approximation of a function is the first order Taylor expansion around the point of interest. In the study of dynamical systems, linearization is a method for assessing the local stability of an equilibrium poin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitrarily%20large | In mathematics, the phrases arbitrarily large, arbitrarily small and arbitrarily long are used in statements to make clear of the fact that an object is large, small and long with little limitation or restraint, respectively. The use of "arbitrarily" often occurs in the context of real numbers (and its subsets thereof)... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbene | In organic chemistry, a carbene is a molecule containing a neutral carbon atom with a valence of two and two unshared valence electrons. The general formula is or where the R represents substituents or hydrogen atoms.
The term "carbene" may also refer to the specific compound , also called methylene, the parent hydr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death%20and%20What%20Comes%20Next | "Death and What Comes Next" is a fantasy short story by British writer Terry Pratchett, part of his Discworld series. It tells the story of a discussion between Death and a philosopher, in which the philosopher attempts to use the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics to argue that death is not a certainty.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DCP | DCP may refer to:
Medicine
Des-gamma carboxyprothrombin, a liver cancer marker
Dicycloplatin, a chemotherapy medication
Diphenylcyclopropenone, a medication for alopecia areata
Dynamic compression plate, a metallic plate used in orthopedics
Police
Deputy Commissioner of Police, a post in the police commissione... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom%20of%20real%20determinacy | In mathematics, the axiom of real determinacy (abbreviated as ADR) is an axiom in set theory. It states the following:
The axiom of real determinacy is a stronger version of the axiom of determinacy (AD), which makes the same statement about games where both players choose integers; ADR is inconsistent with the axiom ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedekind%20sum | In mathematics, Dedekind sums are certain sums of products of a sawtooth function, and are given by a function D of three integer variables. Dedekind introduced them to express the functional equation of the Dedekind eta function. They have subsequently been much studied in number theory, and have occurred in some pro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubule | In biology, a tubule is a general term referring to small tube or similar type of structure. Specifically, tubule can refer to:
a small tube or fistular structure
a minute tube lined with glandular epithelium
any hollow cylindrical body structure
a minute canal found in various structures or organs of the body
a s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosynthesis | In molecular biology, biosynthesis is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accounting%20method%20%28computer%20science%29 | In the field of analysis of algorithms in computer science, the accounting method is a method of amortized analysis based on accounting. The accounting method often gives a more intuitive account of the amortized cost of an operation than either aggregate analysis or the potential method. Note, however, that this doe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit%20load%20%28physics%29 | Limit load is the maximum load that a structure can safely carry. It's the load at which the structure is in a state of incipient plastic collapse. As the load on the structure increases, the displacements increases linearly in the elastic range until the load attains the yield value. Beyond this, the load-displacement... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferranti | Ferranti or Ferranti International PLC was a UK electrical engineering and equipment firm that operated for over a century from 1885 until it went bankrupt in 1993. The company was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.
The firm was known for work in the area of power grid systems and defence electronics. In addi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foster%27s%20rule | Foster's rule, also known as the island rule or the island effect, is an ecogeographical rule in evolutionary biology stating that members of a species get smaller or bigger depending on the resources available in the environment. For example, it is known that pygmy mammoths evolved from normal mammoths on small island... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truly%20neutral%20particle | In particle physics, a truly neutral particle is a subatomic particle that is its own antiparticle. In other words, it remains itself under the charge conjugation, which replaces particles with their corresponding antiparticles. All charges of a truly neutral particle must be equal to zero. This requires particles to n... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericyclic%20reaction | In organic chemistry, a pericyclic reaction is the type of organic reaction wherein the transition state of the molecule has a cyclic geometry, the reaction progresses in a concerted fashion, and the bond orbitals involved in the reaction overlap in a continuous cycle at the transition state. Pericyclic reactions stand... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markov%20decision%20process | In mathematics, a Markov decision process (MDP) is a discrete-time stochastic control process. It provides a mathematical framework for modeling decision making in situations where outcomes are partly random and partly under the control of a decision maker. MDPs are useful for studying optimization problems solved via ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosystem | Photosystems are functional and structural units of protein complexes involved in photosynthesis. Together they carry out the primary photochemistry of photosynthesis: the absorption of light and the transfer of energy and electrons. Photosystems are found in the thylakoid membranes of plants, algae, and cyanobacteria.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadlock%20Field | Hadlock Field is a minor league baseball stadium in Portland, Maine. It is primarily home to the Portland Sea Dogs of the Eastern League but also the Portland High School Bulldogs and Deering High School Rams baseball teams. The stadium is named for Edson B. Hadlock Jr., a long-time Portland High School baseball coach ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticipation%20%28genetics%29 | In genetics, anticipation is a phenomenon whereby as a genetic disorder is passed on to the next generation, the symptoms of the genetic disorder become apparent at an earlier age with each generation. In most cases, an increase in the severity of symptoms is also noted. Anticipation is common in trinucleotide repeat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziehl%E2%80%93Neelsen%20stain | The Ziehl-Neelsen stain, also known as the acid-fast stain, is a bacteriological staining technique used in cytopathology and microbiology to identify acid-fast bacteria under microscopy, particularly members of the Mycobacterium genus. This staining method was initially introduced by Paul Ehrlich (1854–1915) and subse... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature%20Neuroscience | Nature Neuroscience is a monthly scientific journal published by Nature Publishing Group. Its focus is original research papers relating specifically to neuroscience and was established in May 1998. The chief editor is Shari Wiseman. According to the Journal Citation Reports, Nature Neuroscience had a 2022 impact facto... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimization%20problem | In mathematics, engineering, computer science and economics, an optimization problem is the problem of finding the best solution from all feasible solutions.
Optimization problems can be divided into two categories, depending on whether the variables are continuous or discrete:
An optimization problem with discrete ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, an invariant is a property of a mathematical object (or a class of mathematical objects) which remains unchanged after operations or transformations of a certain type are applied to the objects. The particular class of objects and type of transformations are usually indicated by the context in which the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant%20%28physics%29 | In theoretical physics, an invariant is an observable of a physical system which remains unchanged under some transformation. Invariance, as a broader term, also applies to the no change of form of physical laws under a transformation, and is closer in scope to the mathematical definition. Invariants of a system are de... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fajans%27%20rules | In inorganic chemistry, Fajans' rules, formulated by Kazimierz Fajans in 1923, are used to predict whether a chemical bond will be covalent or ionic, and depend on the charge on the cation and the relative sizes of the cation and anion. They can be summarized in the following table:
{| class="wikitable"
!Ionic Charac... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivar%20Jacobson | Ivar Hjalmar Jacobson (born 1939) is a Swedish computer scientist and software engineer, known as major contributor to UML, Objectory, Rational Unified Process (RUP), aspect-oriented software development and Essence.
Biography
Ivar Jacobson was born in Ystad, Sweden, on September 2, 1939. He received his Master of El... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemma%20Frisius | Gemma Frisius (; born JemReinerszoon; December 9, 1508 – May 25, 1555) was a Dutch physician, mathematician, cartographer, philosopher, and instrument maker. He created important globes, improved the mathematical instruments of his day and applied mathematics in new ways to surveying and navigation. Gemma's rings, an a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Giral | José Giral y Pereira (22 October 1879 – 23 December 1962) was a Spanish politician, who served as the 75th Prime Minister of Spain during the Second Spanish Republic.
Life
Giral was born in Santiago de Cuba. He had degrees in Chemistry and Pharmacy from the University of Madrid. In 1905 he became professor of chemistr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome%20jumping | Chromosome jumping is a tool of molecular biology that is used in the physical mapping of genomes. It is related to several other tools used for the same purpose, including chromosome walking.
Chromosome jumping is used to bypass regions difficult to clone, such as those containing repetitive DNA, that cannot be easi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirsoe%20methanicola | Sirsoe methanicola is a species of polychaete worm that inhabits methane clathrate deposits in the ocean floor. The worms colonize the methane ice and appear to survive by gleaning bacteria, which in turn metabolize the clathrate.
In 1997, Charles Fisher, professor of biology at Pennsylvania State University, discover... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperon | In particle physics, a hyperon is any baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. Hyperons are sometimes generically represented by the symbol Y.
History and research
The first research into hyp... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand%20Cohn | Ferdinand Julius Cohn (24 January 1828 – 25 June 1898) was a German-Polish biologist. He is one of the founders of modern bacteriology and microbiology.
Ferdinand J. Cohn was born in the Jewish quarter of Breslau in the Prussian Province of Silesia (which is now Wroclaw, Poland). His father, Issak Cohn, was a successf... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugelstad%20Laboratory | The Ugelstad Laboratory was founded at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, in January 2002 to commemorate the late Professor John Ugelstad.
The laboratory specialises in surfactant chemistry and its technical applications, emulsions and emulsion technology, preparation of poly... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum%20parsimony%20%28phylogenetics%29 | In phylogenetics and computational phylogenetics, maximum parsimony is an optimality criterion under which the phylogenetic tree that minimizes the total number of character-state changes (or minimizes the cost of differentially weighted character-state changes). Under the maximum-parsimony criterion, the optimal tree... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diethyltryptamine | DET, also known under its chemical name N,N-diethyltryptamine and as T-9, is a psychedelic drug closely related to DMT and 4-HO-DET. However, despite its structural similarity to DMT, its activity is induced by an oral dose of around 50–100 mg, without the aid of MAO inhibitors, and the effects last for about 2–4 hours... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinorganic%20chemistry | Bioinorganic chemistry is a field that examines the role of metals in biology. Bioinorganic chemistry includes the study of both natural phenomena such as the behavior of metalloproteins as well as artificially introduced metals, including those that are non-essential, in medicine and toxicology. Many biological proce... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REDOC | In cryptography, REDOC II and REDOC III are block ciphers designed by Michael Wood (cryptographer) for Cryptech Inc and are optimised for use in software. Both REDOC ciphers are patented.
REDOC II (Cusick and Wood, 1990) operates on 80-bit blocks with a 160-bit key. The cipher has 10 rounds, and uses key-dependent S-b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere | The heliosphere is the magnetosphere, astrosphere, and outermost atmospheric layer of the Sun. It takes the shape of a vast, bubble-like region of space. In plasma physics terms, it is the cavity formed by the Sun in the surrounding interstellar medium. The "bubble" of the heliosphere is continuously "inflated" by plas... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedekind%20zeta%20function | In mathematics, the Dedekind zeta function of an algebraic number field K, generally denoted ζK(s), is a generalization of the Riemann zeta function (which is obtained in the case where K is the field of rational numbers Q). It can be defined as a Dirichlet series, it has an Euler product expansion, it satisfies a func... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weil%20pairing | In mathematics, the Weil pairing is a pairing (bilinear form, though with multiplicative notation) on the points of order dividing n of an elliptic curve E, taking values in nth roots of unity. More generally there is a similar Weil pairing between points of order n of an abelian variety and its dual. It was introduc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron%20flux | The neutron flux, φ, is a scalar quantity used in nuclear physics and nuclear reactor physics. It is the total distance travelled by all free neutrons per unit time and volume. Equivalently, it can be defined as the number of neutrons travelling through a small sphere of radius in a time interval, divided by a maximal... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Origins%20of%20Virtue | The Origins of Virtue is a 1996 popular science book by Matt Ridley, which has been recognised as a classic in its field. In the book, Ridley explores the issues surrounding the development of human morality. The book, written from a sociobiological viewpoint, explores how genetics can be used to explain certain trait... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Tall | Stephen Tall was the most common pseudonym of American science fiction writer Compton Newby Crook (June 14, 1908 – January 15, 1981).
Biography
Born in Rossville, Tennessee, Crook studied biology at Peabody College, and did graduate work at Arizona State University and Johns Hopkins University. He began teaching biolo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proliferation | Proliferation may refer to:
Weapons
Nuclear proliferation, the spread of nuclear weapons, material, and technology
Chemical weapon proliferation, the spread of chemical weapons, material, and technology
Small arms proliferation, the spread of small weapons
Counter-proliferation, efforts to stop weapon proliferation
C... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudio%20Stampi | Claudio Stampi (born 19 June 1953, in São Paulo, Brazil) is the founder (in 1997), director and sole proprietor of the Chronobiology Research Institute which he runs from his home in Newton, Massachusetts, US. He is an academic sleep-researcher with a particular interest in the use of short naps in extreme conditions.
... |
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