source stringlengths 31 207 | text stringlengths 12 1.5k |
|---|---|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C3%B6mgren%20sphere | In theoretical astrophysics, there can be a sphere of ionized hydrogen (H II) around a young star of the spectral classes O or B. The theory was derived by Bengt Strömgren in 1937 and later named Strömgren sphere after him. The Rosette Nebula is the most prominent example of this type of emission nebula from the H II-r... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residual%20strength | Residual strength is the load or force (usually mechanical) that a damaged object or material can still carry without failing. Material toughness, fracture size and geometry as well as its orientation all contribute to residual strength.
References
Materials science |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20J.%20Goreau | Thomas J. Goreau (Tom Goreau, * 1950 in Jamaica) is a biogeochemist and marine biologist. He is the son of two other renowned marine biologists, Thomas F. Goreau and Nora I. Goreau.
Education
After studying in Jamaican primary and secondary schools, he received an undergraduate degree in planetary physics from the Ma... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renato%20M.%20E.%20Sabbatini | Renato Marcos Endrizzi Sabbatini (born 20 February 1947, Campinas) is a retired professor at the Department of Biomedical Engineering and at the State University of Campinas Institute of Biology. He received a B.Sc. in Biomedical Sciences from Medical School of the University of São Paulo and a doctorate in behavioral ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Sendivogius | Michael Sendivogius (; ; 2 February 1566 – 1636) was a Polish alchemist, philosopher, and medical doctor. A pioneer of chemistry, he developed ways of purification and creation of various acids, metals and other chemical compounds. He discovered that air is not a single substance and contains a life-giving substance—la... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Planckian%20problem | In black hole physics and inflationary cosmology, the trans-Planckian problem is the problem of the appearance of quantities beyond the Planck scale, which raise doubts on the physical validity of some results in these two areas, since one expects the physical laws to suffer radical modifications beyond the Planck scal... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AJP | AJP or ajp may refer to:
American Journal of Philology, published by Johns Hopkins University Press
American Journal of Psychiatry, published by the American Psychiatric Association
American Journal of Psychology, published by the University of Illinois Press
American Journal of Physics, published by the American ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated%20Legendre%20polynomials | In mathematics, the associated Legendre polynomials are the canonical solutions of the general Legendre equation
or equivalently
where the indices ℓ and m (which are integers) are referred to as the degree and order of the associated Legendre polynomial respectively. This equation has nonzero solutions that are nonsi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominic%20Giampaolo | Dominic P. Giampaolo is a software developer who helped develop the Be File System for the Be Operating System (BeOS) and currently works at Apple Inc.
After graduating from Lewiston High School in Lewiston, Maine in 1987, he started studying political science at American University in Washington, D.C., but changed t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top-down%20cosmology | In theoretical physics, top-down cosmology is a proposal to regard the many possible past histories of a given event as having real existence. This idea of multiple histories has been applied to cosmology, in a theoretical interpretation in which the universe has multiple possible cosmologies, and in which reasoning ba... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan%20Kaczmarz | Stefan Marian Kaczmarz (March 20, 1895 in Sambor, Galicia, Austria-Hungary – 1939) was a Polish mathematician. His Kaczmarz method provided the basis for many modern imaging technologies, including the CAT scan.
Kaczmarz was a professor of mathematics in the faculty of mechanical engineering of Jan Kazimierz Univers... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codress%20message | In military cryptography, a codress message is an encrypted message whose address is also encrypted. This is usually done to prevent traffic analysis.
References
Cryptography |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Hyatt | Robert Morgan Hyatt (born 1948) is an American computer scientist and programmer. He co-authored the computer chess programs Crafty and Cray Blitz which won two World Computer Chess Championships in the 1980s. Hyatt was a computer science professor at the University of Southern Mississippi (1970–1985) and University of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoichiro%20Nambu | was a Japanese-American physicist and professor at the University of Chicago. Known for his contributions to the field of theoretical physics, he was awarded half of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2008 for the discovery in 1960 of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics, related at first to the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossby%20parameter | The Rossby parameter (or simply beta ) is a number used in geophysics and meteorology which arises due to the meridional variation of the Coriolis force caused by the spherical shape of the Earth. It is important in the generation of Rossby waves. The Rossby parameter is given by
where is the Coriolis parameter, is... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorical%20logic |
Categorical logic is the branch of mathematics in which tools and concepts from category theory are applied to the study of mathematical logic. It is also notable for its connections to theoretical computer science.
In broad terms, categorical logic represents both syntax and semantics by a category, and an interpret... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon%20Marchlewski | Leon Paweł Teodor Marchlewski (15 December 1869 in Włocławek – 16 January 1946 in Kraków, Poland) was a Polish chemist and an Honorary Member of the Polish Chemical Society.
He was one of the founders in the field of chlorophyll chemistry. The illustration on the right is of his diplomatic passport he used in 1927 to... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohdan%20Szyszkowski | Bohdan Szyszkowski (born June 20, 1873, in Trybuchy, Podolia, Russia (now village in Ukraine) – August 13, 1931 in Myślenice, Poland) was a Polish chemist and member of PAU.
Szyszkowski published important papers on electrochemistry and surface chemistry.
See also
Szyszkowski equation
References
1873 births
1931 ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw%20Natanson | Władysław Natanson (1864–1937) was a Polish physicist.
Life
Natanson was head of Theoretical Physics at Kraków University from 1899 to 1935.
He published a series of papers on thermodynamically irreversible processes, gaining him recognition in the rapidly growing field. He was the first to consider the distinguishab... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric%20blue | Electric blue may refer to:
Electric blue (color)
Biology
Electric blue crayfish (Procambarus alleni)
Electric blue gecko (Lygodactylus williamsi)
Sciaenochromis, a genus of haplochromine cichlid fish whose males are electric blue, including:
Electric blue hap (Sciaenochromis ahli)
Electric blue kande (Sciaenoc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occurs%20check | In computer science, the occurs check is a part of algorithms for syntactic unification. It causes unification of a variable V and a structure S to fail if S contains V.
Application in theorem proving
In theorem proving, unification without the occurs check can lead to unsound inference. For example, the Prolog goal... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oaklisp | Oaklisp is a portable object-oriented Scheme developed by Kevin J. Lang and Barak A. Pearlmutter while Computer Science PhD students at Carnegie Mellon University. Oaklisp uses a superset of Scheme syntax. It is based on generic operations rather than functions, and features anonymous classes, multiple inheritance, a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Molecular%20Biology%20Laboratory | The European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) is an intergovernmental organization dedicated to molecular biology research and is supported by 28 member states, one prospect state, and one associate member state. EMBL was created in 1974 and is funded by public research money from its member states. Research at EMBL... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%20Lisp | Le Lisp (also Le_Lisp and Le-Lisp) is a programming language, a dialect of the language Lisp.
Programming language
It was developed at the French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation (INRIA), to be an implementation language for a very large scale integration (VLSI) workstation being designed unde... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20King%20%28chemist%29 | Sir David Anthony King (born 12 August 1939) is a South African-born British chemist, academic, and head of the Climate Crisis Advisory Group.
King first taught at Imperial College, London, the University of East Anglia, and was then Brunner Professor of Physical Chemistry (1974–1988) at the University of Liverpool. ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground%20and%20neutral | In electrical engineering, ground and neutral are circuit conductors used in alternating current (AC) electrical systems. The ground circuit is connected to earth, and neutral circuit is usually connected to ground. As the neutral point of an electrical supply system is often connected to earth ground, ground and neutr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third%20grade | Third grade (also 3rd Grade or Grade 3) is the third year of formal or compulsory education. It is the third year of primary school. Children in third grade are usually 8-9 years old.
Examples of the American syllabus
In mathematics, students are usually introduced to multiplication and division facts, place value to... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real%20closed%20field | In mathematics, a real closed field is a field F that has the same first-order properties as the field of real numbers. Some examples are the field of real numbers, the field of real algebraic numbers, and the field of hyperreal numbers.
Definitions
A real closed field is a field F in which any of the following equiva... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubiology | Nubiology is the designation given to the primarily archaeological science that specialises in the scientific and historical study of Ancient Nubia and its antiquities.
It is sometimes also applied to scientists who study other ancient lands and cultures south of Ancient Egypt. The term was coined by Kazimierz Michał... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C9 | C9, C09 or C-9 may refer to:
Biology, medicine, and chemistry
C9 (Complement component 9), a protein
ATC code C09, a subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System
C09, ICD-10 code for malignant neoplasm of tonsil
Carbon-9 (C-9 or 9C), an isotope of carbon
Military and weapons
Hi-Point Mod... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic%20%28algebra%29 | In mathematics, the characteristic of a ring , often denoted , is defined to be the smallest positive number of copies of the ring's multiplicative identity () that will sum to the additive identity (). If no such number exists, the ring is said to have characteristic zero.
That is, is the smallest positive number ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salem%20number | In mathematics, a Salem number is a real algebraic integer whose conjugate roots all have absolute value no greater than 1, and at least one of which has absolute value exactly 1. Salem numbers are of interest in Diophantine approximation and harmonic analysis. They are named after Raphaël Salem.
Properties
Because... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formally%20real%20field | In mathematics, in particular in field theory and real algebra, a formally real field is a field that can be equipped with a (not necessarily unique) ordering that makes it an ordered field.
Alternative definitions
The definition given above is not a first-order definition, as it requires quantifiers over sets. Howeve... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucine | Brucine, is an alkaloid closely related to strychnine, most commonly found in the Strychnos nux-vomica tree. Brucine poisoning is rare, since it is usually ingested with strychnine, and strychnine is more toxic than brucine. In synthetic chemistry, it can be used as a tool for stereospecific chemical syntheses.
Brucin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%E2%80%93Speiser%20theorem | In mathematics, the Hilbert–Speiser theorem is a result on cyclotomic fields, characterising those with a normal integral basis. More generally, it applies to any finite abelian extension of , which by the Kronecker–Weber theorem are isomorphic to subfields of cyclotomic fields.
Hilbert–Speiser Theorem. A finite abeli... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telos | Telos (; ) is a term used by philosopher Aristotle to refer to the final cause of a natural organ or entity, or of human art. Telos is the root of the modern term teleology, the study of purposiveness or of objects with a view to their aims, purposes, or intentions. Teleology is central in Aristotle's work on plant an... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monthly%20Notices%20of%20the%20Royal%20Astronomical%20Society | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research in astronomy and astrophysics. It has been in continuous existence since 1827 and publishes letters and papers reporting original research in relevant fields. Despite the name, the journal is no longer mont... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9vy%27s%20constant | In mathematics Lévy's constant (sometimes known as the Khinchin–Lévy constant) occurs in an expression for the asymptotic behaviour of the denominators of the convergents of continued fractions.
In 1935, the Soviet mathematician Aleksandr Khinchin showed that the denominators qn of the convergents of the continued frac... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-level%20scheduling | Two-level scheduling is a computer science term to describe a method to more efficiently perform process scheduling that involves swapped out processes.
Consider this problem: A system contains 50 running processes all with equal priority. However, the system's memory can only hold 10 processes in memory simultaneous... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apparent%20weight | In physics, apparent weight is a property of objects that corresponds to how heavy an object appears to be. The apparent weight of an object will differ from the ordinary weight of an object whenever the force of gravity acting on the object is not balanced by an equal but opposite normal force. By definition, the weig... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign%20bit | In computer science, the sign bit is a bit in a signed number representation that indicates the sign of a number. Although only signed numeric data types have a sign bit, it is invariably located in the most significant bit position, so the term may be used interchangeably with "most significant bit" in some contexts.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphecidae | The Sphecidae are a cosmopolitan family of wasps of the suborder Apocrita that includes sand wasps, mud daubers, and other thread-waisted wasps.
The name Sphecidae was formerly given to a much larger grouping of wasps. This was found to be paraphyletic, so most of the old subfamilies have been moved to the Crabronida... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaddeus%20Mann | Thaddeus Robert Rudolph Mann CBE FRS (4 December 1908 – 27 November 1993) was a biochemist who made significant contributions to the field of reproductive biology. Mann was born in Lwow, Austria-Hungary (now Ukraine) and was educated at Lwow University. He studied medicine at the Johannes Casimirus University in Lwow,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohomology%20ring | In mathematics, specifically algebraic topology, the cohomology ring of a topological space X is a ring formed from the cohomology groups of X together with the cup product serving as the ring multiplication. Here 'cohomology' is usually understood as singular cohomology, but the ring structure is also present in other... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divide | Divide may refer to:
Mathematics
Division (mathematics)
Divides, redirects to Divisor
Geography
Drainage divide, a line separating two drainage basins
Great Divide Basin, in Wyoming
Places
Divide, Saskatchewan, Canada
Divide, Colorado, community
Divide, Illinois, an unincorporated community
Divide, Montana, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total%20derivative | In mathematics, the total derivative of a function at a point is the best linear approximation near this point of the function with respect to its arguments. Unlike partial derivatives, the total derivative approximates the function with respect to all of its arguments, not just a single one. In many situations, thi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnon | A magnon is a quasiparticle, a collective excitation of the spin structure of an electron in a crystal lattice. In the equivalent wave picture of quantum mechanics, a magnon can be viewed as a quantized spin wave. Magnons carry a fixed amount of energy and lattice momentum, and are spin-1, indicating they obey boson ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary%20of%20cryptographic%20keys | This glossary lists types of keys as the term is used in cryptography, as opposed to door locks. Terms that are primarily used by the U.S. National Security Agency are marked (NSA). For classification of keys according to their usage see cryptographic key types.
40-bit key - key with a length of 40 bits, once the upp... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweet%20Tooth | A sweet tooth is a fondness or craving for sweet foods.
Sweet Tooth may also refer to:
Biology
The "sweet tooth" behavioral phenotype (i.e., a fondness or craving for sweet foods), caused by a single nucleotide polymorphism of the FGF21 gene
Fictional characters
Sweet Tooth, a character in the video game series... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudio%20Sillero-Zubiri | Claudio Sillero-Zubiri is an Argentine-born British zoologist. He is a Professor of Conservation Biology at Oxford University's WildCRU, the Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, and Bill Travers Fellow at Lady Margaret Hall. He is the Chair of the IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group, and Chief Scientist of the Born Free Fo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median%20%28disambiguation%29 | Median may refer to:
Mathematics and statistics
Median (statistics), in statistics, a number that separates the lowest- and highest-value halves
Median (geometry), in geometry, a line joining a vertex of a triangle to the midpoint of the opposite side
Median (graph theory), a vertex m(a,b,c) that belongs to shortest... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grothendieck%20universe | In mathematics, a Grothendieck universe is a set U with the following properties:
If x is an element of U and if y is an element of x, then y is also an element of U. (U is a transitive set.)
If x and y are both elements of U, then is an element of U.
If x is an element of U, then P(x), the power set of x, is also... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subordination | Subordination may refer to
Subordination in a hierarchy (in military, society, etc.)
Insubordination, disobedience
Subordination (linguistics)
Subordination (finance)
Subordination agreement, a legal document used to deprecate the claim of one party in favor of another
Subordination (horse), a Thoroughbred racehorse
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitable%20zone | In astronomy and astrobiology, the habitable zone (HZ), or more precisely the circumstellar habitable zone (CHZ), is the range of orbits around a star within which a planetary surface can support liquid water given sufficient atmospheric pressure. The bounds of the HZ are based on Earth's position in the Solar System a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superacid | In chemistry, a superacid (according to the original definition) is an acid with an acidity greater than that of 100% pure sulfuric acid (), which has a Hammett acidity function (H0) of −12. According to the modern definition, a superacid is a medium in which the chemical potential of the proton is higher than in pure ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel%20%28linear%20algebra%29 | In mathematics, the kernel of a linear map, also known as the null space or nullspace, is the linear subspace of the domain of the map which is mapped to the zero vector. That is, given a linear map between two vector spaces and , the kernel of is the vector space of all elements of such that , where denotes the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan%20Gadolin | Johan Gadolin (5 June 176015 August 1852) was a Finnish chemist, physicist and mineralogist. Gadolin discovered a "new earth" containing the first rare-earth compound yttrium, which was later determined to be a chemical element. He is also considered the founder of Finnish chemistry research, as the second holder of th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eilenberg%E2%80%93MacLane%20space | In mathematics, specifically algebraic topology, an Eilenberg–MacLane space is a topological space with a single nontrivial homotopy group.
Let G be a group and n a positive integer. A connected topological space X is called an Eilenberg–MacLane space of type , if it has n-th homotopy group isomorphic to G and all ot... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma-additive%20set%20function | In mathematics, an additive set function is a function mapping sets to numbers, with the property that its value on a union of two disjoint sets equals the sum of its values on these sets, namely, If this additivity property holds for any two sets, then it also holds for any finite number of sets, namely, the function... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown%27s%20representability%20theorem | In mathematics, Brown's representability theorem in homotopy theory gives necessary and sufficient conditions for a contravariant functor F on the homotopy category Hotc of pointed connected CW complexes, to the category of sets Set, to be a representable functor.
More specifically, we are given
F: Hotcop → Set,
and... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry%20Commoner | Barry Commoner (May 28, 1917 – September 30, 2012) was an American cellular biologist, college professor, and politician. He was a leading ecologist and among the founders of the modern environmental movement. He was the director of the Center for Biology of Natural Systems and its Critical Genetics Project. He ran as ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedekind-infinite%20set | In mathematics, a set A is Dedekind-infinite (named after the German mathematician Richard Dedekind) if some proper subset B of A is equinumerous to A. Explicitly, this means that there exists a bijective function from A onto some proper subset B of A. A set is Dedekind-finite if it is not Dedekind-infinite (i.e., no s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Kistiakowsky | George Bogdanovich Kistiakowsky (, ; – December 7, 1982) was a Ukrainian-American physical chemistry professor at Harvard who participated in the Manhattan Project and later served as President Dwight D. Eisenhower's Science Advisor.
Born in Boyarka in the old Russian Empire, into "an old Ukrainian Cossack family whi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan%20Saura | Joan Saura i Laporta is a Green ICV Spanish politician in Catalonia. He was born in Barcelona, Catalonia, in 1950. He studied at the Escola d'Enginyeria Tècnica (Technical Engineering School), where he specialized in Industrial Chemistry. In the beginning, he was devoted to the trade union and the neighbourhood: he enr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clebsch%E2%80%93Gordan%20coefficients | In physics, the Clebsch–Gordan (CG) coefficients are numbers that arise in angular momentum coupling in quantum mechanics. They appear as the expansion coefficients of total angular momentum eigenstates in an uncoupled tensor product basis. In more mathematical terms, the CG coefficients are used in representation the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamb%20shift | In physics the Lamb shift, named after Willis Lamb, refers to an anomalous difference in energy between two electron orbitals in a hydrogen atom. The difference was not predicted by theory and it cannot be derived from the Dirac equation, which predicts identical energies. Hence the Lamb shift refers to a deviation fro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20decomposition | In physics, the cluster decomposition property states that experiments carried out far from each other cannot influence each other. Usually applied to quantum field theory, it requires that vacuum expectation values of operators localized in bounded regions factorize whenever these regions becomes sufficiently distant ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactome | In molecular biology, an interactome is the whole set of molecular interactions in a particular cell. The term specifically refers to physical interactions among molecules (such as those among proteins, also known as protein–protein interactions, PPIs; or between small molecules and proteins) but can also describe sets... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyakov%20action | In physics, the Polyakov action is an action of the two-dimensional conformal field theory describing the worldsheet of a string in string theory. It was introduced by Stanley Deser and Bruno Zumino and independently by L. Brink, P. Di Vecchia and P. S. Howe in 1976, and has become associated with Alexander Polyakov af... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitali%E2%80%93Hahn%E2%80%93Saks%20theorem | In mathematics, the Vitali–Hahn–Saks theorem, introduced by , , and , proves that under some conditions a sequence of measures converging point-wise does so uniformly and the limit is also a measure.
Statement of the theorem
If is a measure space with and a sequence of complex measures. Assuming that each is abs... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSA%20cryptography | The vast majority of the National Security Agency's work on encryption is classified, but from time to time NSA participates in standards processes or otherwise publishes information about its cryptographic algorithms. The NSA has categorized encryption items into four product types, and algorithms into two suites. Th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hahn%20embedding%20theorem | In mathematics, especially in the area of abstract algebra dealing with ordered structures on abelian groups, the Hahn embedding theorem gives a simple description of all linearly ordered abelian groups. It is named after Hans Hahn.
Overview
The theorem states that every linearly ordered abelian group G can be embedde... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%20mechanics | Wave mechanics may refer to:
the mechanics of waves
the application of the quantum wave equation, especially in position and momentum spaces.
See also
Quantum mechanics
Wave equation
Quantum state
Matter wave |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized%20signal%20averaging | Within signal processing, in many cases only one image with noise is available, and averaging is then realized in a local neighbourhood. Results are acceptable if the noise is smaller in size than the smallest objects of interest in the image, but blurring of edges is a serious disadvantage. In the case of smoothing wi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown%20ether | In organic chemistry, crown ethers are cyclic chemical compounds that consist of a ring containing several ether groups (). The most common crown ethers are cyclic oligomers of ethylene oxide, the repeating unit being ethyleneoxy, i.e., . Important members of this series are the tetramer (n = 4), the pentamer (n = 5)... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Road%20to%20Reality | The Road to Reality: A Complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe is a book on modern physics by the British mathematical physicist Roger Penrose, published in 2004. It covers the basics of the Standard Model of particle physics, discussing general relativity and quantum mechanics, and discusses the possible unificatio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Albert | David Z. Albert (born 1954) is Frederick E. Woodbridge Professor of Philosophy and Director of the MA Program in The Philosophical Foundations of Physics at Columbia University in New York.
Education and career
He received his bachelor's degree in physics from Columbia College (1976) and his PhD in theoretical physic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyketide | In organic chemistry, polyketides are a class of natural products derived from a precursor molecule consisting of a chain of alternating ketone (, or its reduced forms) and methylene () groups: . First studied in the early 20th century, discovery, biosynthesis, and application of polyketides has evolved. It is a large ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.%20W.%20Hobson | Ernest William Hobson FRS (27 October 1856 – 19 April 1933) was an English mathematician, now remembered mostly for his books, some of which broke new ground in their coverage in English of topics from mathematical analysis. He was Sadleirian Professor of Pure Mathematics at the University of Cambridge from 1910 to 193... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Lee%20Moore | Robert Lee Moore (November 14, 1882 – October 4, 1974) was an American mathematician who taught for many years at the University of Texas. He is known for his work in general topology, for the Moore method of teaching university mathematics, and for his racist treatment of African-American mathematics students.
Life
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin%20quantum%20number | In physics, the spin quantum number is a quantum number (designated ) that describes the intrinsic angular momentum (or spin angular momentum, or simply spin) of an electron or other particle. It has the same value for all particles of the same type, such as = for all electrons. It is an integer for all bosons, such ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.%20T.%20Whittaker | Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker (24 October 1873 – 24 March 1956) was a British mathematician, physicist, and historian of science. Whittaker was a leading mathematical scholar of the early 20th-century who contributed widely to applied mathematics and was renowned for his research in mathematical physics and numerical an... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20J.%20Crutzen | Paul Jozef Crutzen (; 3 December 1933 – 28 January 2021) was a Dutch meteorologist and atmospheric chemist. He and Mario Molina and Frank Sherwood Rowland were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1995 for their work on atmospheric chemistry and specifically for his efforts in studying the formation and decompositio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catechin | Catechin is a flavan-3-ol, a type of secondary metabolite providing antioxidant roles in plants. It belongs to the subgroup of polyphenols called flavonoids.
The name of the catechin chemical family derives from catechu, which is the tannic juice or boiled extract of Mimosa catechu (Acacia catechu L.f).
Chemistry
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BEST%20Robotics | BEST (Boosting Engineering, Science, and Technology) is a national six-week robotics competition in the United States held each fall, designed to help interest middle school and high school students in possible engineering careers. The games are similar in scale to those of the FIRST Tech Challenge.
History
The idea f... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacophore | In medicinal chemistry and molecular biology, a pharmacophore is an abstract description of molecular features that are necessary for molecular recognition of a ligand by a biological macromolecule. IUPAC defines a pharmacophore to be "an ensemble of steric and electronic features that is necessary to ensure the optima... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret%20Gatty | Margaret Gatty ( Scott; 3 June 1809 – 4 October 1873) was an English children's author and writer on marine biology. In some writings she argues against Charles Darwin's Origin of Species. She became a popular writer of tales for young people, which she hoped would influence adult minds as well. Among her other books a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbrand%E2%80%93Ribet%20theorem | In mathematics, the Herbrand–Ribet theorem is a result on the class group of certain number fields. It is a strengthening of Ernst Kummer's theorem to the effect that the prime p divides the class number of the cyclotomic field of p-th roots of unity if and only if p divides the numerator of the n-th Bernoulli number B... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morpholino | A Morpholino, also known as a Morpholino oligomer and as a phosphorodiamidate Morpholino oligomer (PMO), is a type of oligomer molecule (colloquially, an oligo) used in molecular biology to modify gene expression. Its molecular structure contains DNA bases attached to a backbone of methylenemorpholine rings linked thro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20quantum%20system | In physics, an open quantum system is a quantum-mechanical system that interacts with an external quantum system, which is known as the environment or a bath. In general, these interactions significantly change the dynamics of the system and result in quantum dissipation, such that the information contained in the syst... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raja%20Rao | Raja Rao (8 November 1908 – 8 July 2006) was an Indian-American writer of English-language novels and short stories, whose works are deeply rooted in metaphysics. The Serpent and the Rope (1960), a semi-autobiographical novel recounting a search for spiritual truth in Europe and India, established him as one of the fin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MBP | MBP or mbp may refer to:
Science and technology
Münchausen syndrome by proxy, a disorder wherein a caregiver acts as if their patient has health problems
MacBook Pro, a line of Macintosh portable computers by Apple Inc.
Modbus Plus, an extended version of the Modbus serial communications protocol published by Modic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isozyme | In biochemistry, isozymes (also known as isoenzymes or more generally as multiple forms of enzymes) are enzymes that differ in amino acid sequence but catalyze the same chemical reaction. Isozymes usually have different kinetic parameters (e.g. different KM values), or are regulated differently. They permit the fine-... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac%20operator | In mathematics and quantum mechanics, a Dirac operator is a differential operator that is a formal square root, or half-iterate, of a second-order operator such as a Laplacian. The original case which concerned Paul Dirac was to factorise formally an operator for Minkowski space, to get a form of quantum theory compati... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.%20H.%20Waddington | Conrad Hal Waddington (8 November 1905 – 26 September 1975) was a British developmental biologist, paleontologist, geneticist, embryologist and philosopher who laid the foundations for systems biology, epigenetics, and evolutionary developmental biology.
Although his theory of genetic assimilation had a Darwinian exp... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-University%20Centre%20for%20Astronomy%20and%20Astrophysics | The Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) is an autonomous institution set up by the University Grants Commission of India to promote nucleation and growth of active groups in astronomy and astrophysics in Indian universities. IUCAA is located in the University of Pune campus next to the Nation... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois%20Pil%C3%A2tre%20de%20Rozier | Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier () was a French chemistry and physics teacher, and one of the first pioneers of aviation. He made the first manned free balloon flight with François Laurent d'Arlandes on 21 November 1783, in a Montgolfier balloon. He later died when his balloon crashed near Wimereux in the Pas-de-Cala... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20skiing | The physics of skiing refers to the analysis of the forces acting on a person while skiing.
The motion of a skier is determined by the physical principles of the conservation of energy and the frictional forces acting on the body. For example, in downhill skiing, as the skier is accelerated down the hill by the force... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heberto%20Castillo | Heberto Castillo Martínez (August 23, 1928 – April 5, 1997) was a Mexican civil engineer and political activist.
Castillo was born in Ixhuatlán de Madero, Veracruz, and received a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the National Autonomous University. An accomplished engineer, he taught several courses at the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava%20dome | In volcanology, a lava dome is a circular, mound-shaped protrusion resulting from the slow extrusion of viscous lava from a volcano. Dome-building eruptions are common, particularly in convergent plate boundary settings. Around 6% of eruptions on Earth are lava dome forming. The geochemistry of lava domes can vary from... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.