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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIAM%20Journal%20on%20Computing
The SIAM Journal on Computing is a scientific journal focusing on the mathematical and formal aspects of computer science. It is published by the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM). Although its official ISO abbreviation is SIAM J. Comput., its publisher and contributors frequently use the shorter a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore%20William%20Richards
Theodore William Richards (January 31, 1868 – April 2, 1928) was the first American scientist to receive the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, earning the award "in recognition of his exact determinations of the atomic weights of a large number of the chemical elements." Biography Theodore Richards was born in Germantown, P...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructive%20quantum%20field%20theory
In mathematical physics, constructive quantum field theory is the field devoted to showing that quantum field theory can be defined in terms of precise mathematical structures. This demonstration requires new mathematics, in a sense analogous to classical real analysis, putting calculus on a mathematically rigorous fo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20and%20Astronomy%20Classification%20Scheme
The Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme (PACS) is a scheme developed in 1970 by the American Institute of Physics (AIP) for classifying scientific literature using a hierarchical set of codes. PACS has been used by over 160 international journals, including the Physical Review series since 1975. Since 2016, Ame...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XORP
XORP is an open-source Internet Protocol routing software suite originally designed at the International Computer Science Institute in Berkeley, California. The name is derived from eXtensible Open Router Platform. It supports OSPF, BGP, RIP, PIM, IGMP, OLSR. The product is designed from principles of software modular...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabidivarin
Cannabidivarin (CBDV, GWP42006) is a non-intoxicating psychoactive cannabinoid found in Cannabis. It is a homolog (chemistry) of cannabidiol (CBD), with the side-chain shortened by two methylene bridges (CH2 units). Although cannabidivarin (CBDV) is usually a minor constituent of the cannabinoid profile, enhanced leve...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syed%20Muhammad%20Naquib%20al-Attas
Syed Muhammad al Naquib bin Ali al-Attas ( ; born 5 September 1931) is a Malaysian Muslim philosopher. He is one of the few contemporary scholars who is thoroughly rooted in the traditional Islamic sciences and studies theology, philosophy, metaphysics, history, and literature. He pioneered the concept of Islamisation ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal%20science
Universal science (; ) is a branch of metaphysics. In the work of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, the universal science is the true logic. The idea of establishing a universal science originated in the seventeenth century with philosophers Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes. Bacon and Descartes conceptualized universal scienc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micellar%20electrokinetic%20chromatography
Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) is a chromatography technique used in analytical chemistry. It is a modification of capillary electrophoresis (CE), extending its functionality to neutral analytes, where the samples are separated by differential partitioning between micelles (pseudo-stationary phase) and a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augmented%20truncated%20cube
In geometry, the augmented truncated cube is one of the Johnson solids (). As its name suggests, it is created by attaching a square cupola () onto one octagonal face of a truncated cube. References Norman W. Johnson, "Convex Solids with Regular Faces", Canadian Journal of Mathematics, 18, 1966, pages 169–200. Contain...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20Fischer
Hans Fischer (; 27 July 1881 – 31 March 1945) was a German organic chemist and the recipient of the 1930 Nobel Prize for Chemistry "for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin." Biography Early years Fischer was born on July 27, 1881, in Höchst on rive...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Harden
Sir Arthur Harden, FRS (12 October 1865 – 17 June 1940) was a British biochemist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1929 with Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin for their investigations into the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes. He was a founding member of the Biochemical Society and editor ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Karrer
Professor Paul Karrer FRS FRSE FCS (21 April 1889 – 18 June 1971) was a Swiss organic chemist best known for his research on vitamins. He and Norman Haworth won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1937. Biography Early years Karrer was born in Moscow, Russia to Paul Karrer and Julie Lerch, both Swiss nationals. In 1892...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seifert%E2%80%93Weber%20space
In mathematics, Seifert–Weber space (introduced by Herbert Seifert and Constantin Weber) is a closed hyperbolic 3-manifold. It is also known as Seifert–Weber dodecahedral space and hyperbolic dodecahedral space. It is one of the first discovered examples of closed hyperbolic 3-manifolds. It is constructed by gluing ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil%20Fischer%20%28disambiguation%29
Emil Fischer (1852–1919) was a German Nobel laureate in chemistry. Emil Fischer may also refer to: Emil Fischer (American football executive) (1887–1958), American football executive and businessman Emil Fischer (bass) (1838–1914), German dramatic basso Emil Fischer (cartographer) (1838/9–1898), German-born America...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacTutor%20History%20of%20Mathematics%20Archive
The MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive is a website maintained by John J. O'Connor and Edmund F. Robertson and hosted by the University of St Andrews in Scotland. It contains detailed biographies on many historical and contemporary mathematicians, as well as information on famous curves and various topics in the h...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratiwi%20Sudarmono
Pratiwi Pujilestari Sudarmono (born 31 July 1952) is an Indonesian scientist. She is currently a professor of microbiology at the University of Indonesia, Jakarta. Early life and education Pratiwi Sudarmono received a master's degree from the University of Indonesia in 1977, and the Ph.D. in Molecular Biology from t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCH
BCH or BCh may refer to: Science and technology BCH code (Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem code), a code in coding theory Bachelor of Surgery, a component of some undergraduate medical degrees Baker–Campbell–Hausdorff formula, in mathematics and Lie group theory Biosafety Clearing-House, an international mechanism that...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisp
Wisp or WISP may refer to: Acronyms Wartime Information Security Program WISP (particle physics), Weakly Interacting Sub-eV Particle or Weakly Interacting Slender Particle in hypothetical quantum mechanics WISP1, WISP2, and WISP3, the human genes encoding the WNT1 Inducible Signaling Pathway proteins 1, 2, and 3 W...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirichlet%20integral
In mathematics, there are several integrals known as the Dirichlet integral, after the German mathematician Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet, one of which is the improper integral of the sinc function over the positive real line: This integral is not absolutely convergent, meaning is not Lebesgue-integrable, because th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointed%20space
In mathematics, a pointed space or based space is a topological space with a distinguished point, the basepoint. The distinguished point is just simply one particular point, picked out from the space, and given a name, such as that remains unchanged during subsequent discussion, and is kept track of during all operati...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basepoint
Basepoint may refer to a point singled out in a: Pointed set, or in a Pointed space See also Origin (mathematics)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaus%20Joseph%20von%20Jacquin
Nikolaus Joseph Freiherr von Jacquin (16 February 172726 October 1817) was a scientist who studied medicine, chemistry and botany. Biography Born in Leiden in the Netherlands, he studied medicine at Leiden University, then moved first to Paris and afterward to Vienna. In 1752, he studied under Gerard van Swieten in V...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magneton
Magneton may refer to: Bohr magneton, a physical constant of magnetic moment named after Niels Bohr Nuclear magneton, a physical constant of magnetic moment Parson magneton, a hypothetical object in atomic physics suggested by Alfred Lauck Parson in 1915 Weiss magneton, an experimentally derived unit of magnetic mo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morph
Morph may refer to: Biology Morph (zoology), a visual or behavioral difference between organisms of distinct populations in a species Muller's morphs, a classification scheme for genetic mutations "-morph", a suffix commonly used in taxonomy Computing Morphing, in motion pictures and animations, a special effec...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta%20rule
In machine learning, the delta rule is a gradient descent learning rule for updating the weights of the inputs to artificial neurons in a single-layer neural network. It can be derived as the backpropagation algorithm for a single-layer neural network with mean-square error loss function. For a neuron with activation...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic%203-manifold
In mathematics, more precisely in topology and differential geometry, a hyperbolic 3-manifold is a manifold of dimension 3 equipped with a hyperbolic metric, that is a Riemannian metric which has all its sectional curvatures equal to −1. It is generally required that this metric be also complete: in this case the manif...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Hodgson
David Hodgson may refer to: David Hodgson (rugby league) (born 1981), English rugby league footballer David Hodgson (judge) (1939–2012), Australian judge David Hodgson (chemist), English chemistry professor David Hodgson (footballer) (born 1960), English football player David Hodgson (artist) (1798–1864), English...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Markovich%20Polyakov
Alexander Markovich Polyakov (; born 27 September 1945) is a Russian theoretical physicist, formerly at the Landau Institute in Moscow and, since 1989, at Princeton University, where he is the Joseph Henry Professor of Physics Emeritus. Important discoveries Polyakov is known for a number of fundamental contributions ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weyl%20transformation
See also Wigner–Weyl transform, for another definition of the Weyl transform. In theoretical physics, the Weyl transformation, named after Hermann Weyl, is a local rescaling of the metric tensor: which produces another metric in the same conformal class. A theory or an expression invariant under this transformation ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enol
In organic chemistry, alkenols (shortened to enols) are a type of reactive structure or intermediate in organic chemistry that is represented as an alkene (olefin) with a hydroxyl group attached to one end of the alkene double bond (). The terms enol and alkenol are portmanteaus deriving from "-ene"/"alkene" and the "-...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UGC
UGC may refer to: Science and technology Universal gravitational constant G, in physics Uppsala General Catalogue, an astronomical catalogue of galaxies UGC, a codon for cysteine Unique games conjecture, a conjecture in computational complexity Organisations UGC (cinema operator), a European cinema chain, former...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eccentricity%20%28mathematics%29
In mathematics, the eccentricity of a conic section is a non-negative real number that uniquely characterizes its shape. One can think of the eccentricity as a measure of how much a conic section deviates from being circular. In particular: The eccentricity of a circle is 0. The eccentricity of an ellipse which is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipse%20%28disambiguation%29
In mathematics, an ellipse is a geometrical figure. Ellipse may also refer to: MacAdam ellipse, an area in a chromaticity diagram Elliptic leaf shape Superellipse, a geometric figure As a name, it may also be: The Ellipse, an area in Washington, D.C., United States Ellipse Programmé, a French animation studio Elips...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariser%E2%80%93Parr%E2%80%93Pople%20method
In molecular physics, the Pariser–Parr–Pople method applies semi-empirical quantum mechanical methods to the quantitative prediction of electronic structures and spectra, in molecules of interest in the field of organic chemistry. Previous methods existed—such as the Hückel method which led to Hückel's rule—but were li...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirichlet%27s%20principle
In mathematics, and particularly in potential theory, Dirichlet's principle is the assumption that the minimizer of a certain energy functional is a solution to Poisson's equation. Formal statement Dirichlet's principle states that, if the function is the solution to Poisson's equation on a domain of with boundar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrograde%20signaling
Retrograde signaling in biology is the process where a signal travels backwards from a target source to its original source. For example, the nucleus of a cell is the original source for creating signaling proteins. During retrograde signaling, instead of signals leaving the nucleus, they are sent to the nucleus. In ce...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20Ring
Red Ring may refer to: A ring with a red gemstone Biology Red ring disease, caused by the nematode Bursaphelenchus cocophilus Bicyclus anisops, red ring bush brown, a butterfly Hestina assimilis, red ring skirt, a butterfly Phellinus pini, red ring rot, a fungus Literature and comics Narya, the Red Ring, one o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetry%20breaking
In physics, symmetry breaking is a phenomenon where a disordered but symmetric state collapses into an ordered, but less symmetric state. This collapse is often one of many possible bifurcations that a particle can take as it approaches a lower energy state. Due to the many possibilities, an observer may assume the res...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lickorish%E2%80%93Wallace%20theorem
In mathematics, the Lickorish–Wallace theorem in the theory of 3-manifolds states that any closed, orientable, connected 3-manifold may be obtained by performing Dehn surgery on a framed link in the 3-sphere with ±1 surgery coefficients. Furthermore, each component of the link can be assumed to be unknotted. The the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity%20%28physics%29
In physics, a parity transformation (also called parity inversion) is the flip in the sign of one spatial coordinate. In three dimensions, it can also refer to the simultaneous flip in the sign of all three spatial coordinates (a point reflection): It can also be thought of as a test for chirality of a physical phenom...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehn%20surgery
In topology, a branch of mathematics, a Dehn surgery, named after Max Dehn, is a construction used to modify 3-manifolds. The process takes as input a 3-manifold together with a link. It is often conceptualized as two steps: drilling then filling. Definitions Given a 3-manifold and a link , the manifold drilled ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terahertz%20time-domain%20spectroscopy
In physics, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is a spectroscopic technique in which the properties of matter are probed with short pulses of terahertz radiation. The generation and detection scheme is sensitive to the sample's effect on both the amplitude and the phase of the terahertz radiation. Explanatio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjunction%20space
In mathematics, an adjunction space (or attaching space) is a common construction in topology where one topological space is attached or "glued" onto another. Specifically, let X and Y be topological spaces, and let A be a subspace of Y. Let f : A → X be a continuous map (called the attaching map). One forms the adjunc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retort
In a chemistry laboratory, a retort is a device used for distillation or dry distillation of substances. It consists of a spherical vessel with a long downward-pointing neck. The liquid to be distilled is placed in the vessel and heated. The neck acts as a condenser, allowing the vapors to condense and flow along the n...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy%20Pennybacker
Percy V. Pennybacker Jr. (1895–1963) was a Texas civil engineer who pioneered the technology of welded structures, particularly for bridges. Professional success Pennybacker worked for the Texas Highway Department in the early 1900s designing bridges. He earned his civil engineering degree from the University of Texa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%20backbonding
In chemistry, π backbonding, also called π backdonation, is when electrons move from an atomic orbital on one atom to an appropriate symmetry antibonding orbital on a π-acceptor ligand. It is especially common in the organometallic chemistry of transition metals with multi-atomic ligands such as carbon monoxide, ethyle...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate%20Maki
Kate Maki (born Katherine Ellen Maki) is a Canadian singer-songwriter. Biography Maki is of Finnish descent. Born and raised in Sudbury, Ontario, she studied neuroscience at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia and education at Nipissing University in North Bay, Ontario. She taught special education, French an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoroidal
In mathematics, an atoroidal 3-manifold is one that does not contain an essential torus. There are two major variations in this terminology: an essential torus may be defined geometrically, as an embedded, non-boundary parallel, incompressible torus, or it may be defined algebraically, as a subgroup of its fundamenta...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary%20parallel
In mathematics, a closed n-manifold N embedded in an (n + 1)-manifold M is boundary parallel (or ∂-parallel, or peripheral) if there is an isotopy of N onto a boundary component of M. An example Consider the annulus . Let π denote the projection map If a circle S is embedded into the annulus so that π restricted to S...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinism
Actinism () is the property of solar radiation that leads to the production of photochemical and photobiological effects. Actinism is derived from the Ancient Greek ἀκτίς, ἀκτῖνος ("ray, beam"). The word actinism is found, for example, in the terminology of imaging technology (esp. photography), medicine (concerning s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repolarization
In neuroscience, repolarization refers to the change in membrane potential that returns it to a negative value just after the depolarization phase of an action potential which has changed the membrane potential to a positive value. The repolarization phase usually returns the membrane potential back to the resting memb...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comenius%20University%20Faculty%20of%20Mathematics%2C%20Physics%20and%20Informatics
The Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics (FMPH; ; ; colloquial: Matfyz) is one of 13 faculties of the Comenius University in Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia. The faculty provides higher education in mathematics, physics and informatics, as well as teacher training in subjects related to these branches of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department%20of%20Computer%20Science%2C%20FMPI%2C%20Comenius%20University
The Department of Computer Science is a department of the Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics at the Comenius University in Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia. It is headed by Prof. RNDr. Branislav Rovan, Phd. Educational and scientific achievements The first comprehensive computer science curriculum in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arne%20Tiselius
Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius (10 August 1902 – 29 October 1971) was a Swedish biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1948 "for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins." Education Tiselius was born in Stockho...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointed%20set
In mathematics, a pointed set (also based set or rooted set) is an ordered pair where is a set and is an element of called the base point, also spelled basepoint. Maps between pointed sets and —called based maps, pointed maps, or point-preserving maps—are functions from to that map one basepoint to another, i.e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projective%20differential%20geometry
In mathematics, projective differential geometry is the study of differential geometry, from the point of view of properties of mathematical objects such as functions, diffeomorphisms, and submanifolds, that are invariant under transformations of the projective group. This is a mixture of the approaches from Riemannian...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modification
Modification may refer to: Modifications of school work for students with special educational needs Modifications (genetics), changes in appearance arising from changes in the environment Posttranslational modifications, changes to proteins arising from protein biosynthesis Modding, modifying hardware or software ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hodge%20index%20theorem
In mathematics, the Hodge index theorem for an algebraic surface V determines the signature of the intersection pairing on the algebraic curves C on V. It says, roughly speaking, that the space spanned by such curves (up to linear equivalence) has a one-dimensional subspace on which it is positive definite (not uniquel...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Mathematician%27s%20Apology
A Mathematician's Apology is a 1940 essay by British mathematician G. H. Hardy, which offers a defence of the pursuit of mathematics. Central to Hardy's "apology" – in the sense of a formal justification or defence (as in Plato's Apology of Socrates) – is an argument that mathematics has value independent of possible a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flocculation
In colloidal chemistry, flocculation is a process by which colloidal particles come out of suspension to sediment in the form of floc or flake, either spontaneously or due to the addition of a clarifying agent. The action differs from precipitation in that, prior to flocculation, colloids are merely suspended, under th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thom%20space
In mathematics, the Thom space, Thom complex, or Pontryagin–Thom construction (named after René Thom and Lev Pontryagin) of algebraic topology and differential topology is a topological space associated to a vector bundle, over any paracompact space. Construction of the Thom space One way to construct this space is a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exact%20sciences
The exact sciences or quantitative sciences, sometimes called the exact mathematical sciences, are those sciences "which admit of absolute precision in their results"; especially the mathematical sciences. Examples of the exact sciences are mathematics, optics, astronomy, and physics, which many philosophers from Des...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutive
Constitutive may refer to: In physics, a constitutive equation is a relation between two physical quantities In ecology, a constitutive defense is one that is always active, as opposed to an inducible defense Constitutive theory of statehood In genetics, a constitutive gene is always expressed – see constitutive e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebra%20bundle
In mathematics, an algebra bundle is a fiber bundle whose fibers are algebras and local trivializations respect the algebra structure. It follows that the transition functions are algebra isomorphisms. Since algebras are also vector spaces, every algebra bundle is a vector bundle. Examples include the tensor-algebra b...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment%20problem
In mathematics, a moment problem arises as the result of trying to invert the mapping that takes a measure μ to the sequence of moments More generally, one may consider for an arbitrary sequence of functions Mn. Introduction In the classical setting, μ is a measure on the real line, and M is the sequence { xn : n ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Earman
John Earman (born 1942) is an American philosopher of physics. He is an emeritus professor in the History and Philosophy of Science department at the University of Pittsburgh. He has also taught at the University of California, Los Angeles, Rockefeller University, and the University of Minnesota, and was president of t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic%20hierarchy%20process
In the theory of decision making, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), also analytical hierarchy process, is a structured technique for organizing and analyzing complex decisions, based on mathematics and psychology. It was developed by Thomas L. Saaty in the 1970s; Saaty partnered with Ernest Forman to develop Expert...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Knight%20%28scientist%29
Tom Knight is an American synthetic biologist and computer engineer, who was formerly a senior research scientist at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, a part of the MIT School of Engineering. He now works at the synthetic biology company Ginkgo Bioworks, which he cofounded in 2008. Work ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homi%20J.%20Bhabha
Homi Jehangir Bhabha, FNI, FASc, FRS, Hon.FRSE (30 October 1909 – 24 January 1966) was an Indian nuclear physicist who is widely credited as the "father of the Indian nuclear programme". He was the founding director and professor of physics at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), as well as the founding d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federated
Federated may refer to: Federated state, a constituent state within a federal state Federated school, a model of administration in some educational institutions Federated congregation, a type of religious congregation Computing Federated identity, a type of electronic identity Federated learning, a machine lear...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mold%20%28disambiguation%29
Mold (or mould) is a structure formed by fungi. Mold or mould may also refer to: Artifacts Molding (process), in which a hollowed-out block is filled with pliable material Mold (cooking implement), a container used to shape food Biology Leaf mold, composted soil or earth, particularly loose soil suitable for plan...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domo%20%28robot%29
Domo is an experimental robot made by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology designed to interact with humans. The brainchild of Jeff Weber and Aaron Edsinger, cofounders of Meka Robotics, its name comes from the Japanese phrase for "thank you very much", domo arigato, as well as the Styx song, "Mr. Roboto". The Dom...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytochemistry
Phytochemistry is the study of phytochemicals, which are chemicals derived from plants. Phytochemists strive to describe the structures of the large number of secondary metabolites found in plants, the functions of these compounds in human and plant biology, and the biosynthesis of these compounds. Plants synthesize ph...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandelbrot%20Competition
Named in honor of Benoit Mandelbrot, the Mandelbrot Competition was a mathematics competition founded by Sam Vandervelde, Richard Rusczyk and Sandor Lehoczky that operated from 1990 to 2019. It allowed high school students to compete individually and in four-person teams. Competition The Mandelbrot was a "corresponden...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel%20Grossmann
Marcel Grossmann (April 9, 1878 – September 7, 1936) was a Swiss mathematician and a friend and classmate of Albert Einstein. Grossmann was a member of an old Swiss family from Zurich. His father managed a textile factory. He became a Professor of Mathematics at the Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich, today the ETH Z...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume%20integral
In mathematics (particularly multivariable calculus), a volume integral (∭) refers to an integral over a 3-dimensional domain; that is, it is a special case of multiple integrals. Volume integrals are especially important in physics for many applications, for example, to calculate flux densities, or to calculate mass f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Fabric%20of%20the%20Cosmos
The Fabric of the Cosmos: Space, Time, and the Texture of Reality (2004) is the second book on theoretical physics, cosmology, and string theory written by Brian Greene, professor and co-director of Columbia's Institute for Strings, Cosmology, and Astroparticle Physics (ISCAP). Introduction Greene begins with the key ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barton%20Zwiebach
Barton Zwiebach (born Barton Zwiebach Cantor, October 4, 1954) is a Peruvian string theorist and professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Work Zwiebach's undergraduate work was in Electrical Engineering at the Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería in Peru, from which he graduated in 1977. His graduate wor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Into
Into, entering or changing form, may also refer to: INTO University Partnerships, a British business Into (album), an album by the Rasmus Into (magazine), a digital magazine owned by Grindr Into, a male Finnish name Irish National Teachers' Organisation Mathematics Into, referring to mathematical functions, taki...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater%20Hartford%20Academy%20of%20Mathematics%20and%20Science
The Academy of Aerospace and Engineering (also known as AAE, Aerospace, and Aerospace and Engineering) is a regional magnet high school located in Windsor, Connecticut. The school's half-day program operates as the Greater Hartford Academy of Mathematics And Science (also known as GHAMAS). The building houses a grade 6...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel%20ionization
In physics, tunnel ionization is a process in which electrons in an atom (or a molecule) tunnel through the potential barrier and escape from the atom (or molecule). In an intense electric field, the potential barrier of an atom (molecule) is distorted drastically. Therefore, as the length of the barrier that electrons...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Chauvenet
William Chauvenet (24 May 1820 in Milford, Pennsylvania – 13 December 1870 in St. Paul, Minnesota) was a professor of mathematics, astronomy, navigation, and surveying who was instrumental in the establishment of the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland, and later the second chancellor of Washington University in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb%20explosion
A Coulombic explosion is a condensed-matter physics process in which a molecule or crystal lattice is destroyed by the Coulombic repulsion between its constituent atoms. Coulombic explosions are a prominent technique in laser-based machining, and appear naturally in certain high-energy reactions. Mechanism A Coulombic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic%20link
In mathematics, a hyperbolic link is a link in the 3-sphere with complement that has a complete Riemannian metric of constant negative curvature, i.e. has a hyperbolic geometry. A hyperbolic knot is a hyperbolic link with one component. As a consequence of the work of William Thurston, it is known that every knot is p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excision%20theorem
In algebraic topology, a branch of mathematics, the excision theorem is a theorem about relative homology and one of the Eilenberg–Steenrod axioms. Given a topological space and subspaces and such that is also a subspace of , the theorem says that under certain circumstances, we can cut out (excise) from both spac...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative%20homology
In algebraic topology, a branch of mathematics, the (singular) homology of a topological space relative to a subspace is a construction in singular homology, for pairs of spaces. The relative homology is useful and important in several ways. Intuitively, it helps determine what part of an absolute homology group comes ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSRI
MSRI may refer to: Malaysian Social Research Institute, Kuala Lumpur, assists refugees Mathematical Sciences Research Institute, California, undertakes research in mathematics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal%20theory
In mathematics, ideal theory is the theory of ideals in commutative rings. While the notion of an ideal exists also for non-commutative rings, a much more substantial theory exists only for commutative rings (and this article therefore only considers ideals in commutative rings.) Throughout the articles, rings refer t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst%20Otto%20Fischer
Ernst Otto Fischer (; 10 November 1918 – 23 July 2007) was a German chemist who won the Nobel Prize for pioneering work in the area of organometallic chemistry. Early life He was born in Solln, a borough of Munich. His parents were Karl T. Fischer, Professor of Physics at the Technical University of Munich (TU), and V...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20topology
Algorithmic topology, or computational topology, is a subfield of topology with an overlap with areas of computer science, in particular, computational geometry and computational complexity theory. A primary concern of algorithmic topology, as its name suggests, is to develop efficient algorithms for solving problems ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey%20Wilkinson
Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson FRS (14 July 1921 – 26 September 1996) was a Nobel laureate English chemist who pioneered inorganic chemistry and homogeneous transition metal catalysis. Education and early life Wilkinson was born at Springside, Todmorden, in the West Riding of Yorkshire. His father, Henry Wilkinson, was a mast...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nothing-up-my-sleeve%20number
In cryptography, nothing-up-my-sleeve numbers are any numbers which, by their construction, are above suspicion of hidden properties. They are used in creating cryptographic functions such as hashes and ciphers. These algorithms often need randomized constants for mixing or initialization purposes. The cryptographer m...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20of%20crystallization
In chemistry, water(s) of crystallization or water(s) of hydration are water molecules that are present inside crystals. Water is often incorporated in the formation of crystals from aqueous solutions. In some contexts, water of crystallization is the total mass of water in a substance at a given temperature and is mos...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor%20Gamow
Rustem Igor Gamow (November 4, 1935, in Georgetown, D.C. – April 15, 2021) was a microbiology professor at the University of Colorado and inventor. His best known inventions included the Gamow bag and the Shallow Underwater Breathing Apparatus. He was fired from CU in 2004 following sexual harassment and assault charg...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic%20Systems%20Center
The Electronic Systems Center was a product center of Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC) headquartered at Hanscom Air Force Base, Massachusetts. Its mission was to develop and acquire command and control, communications, computer, and intelligence systems. ESC consisted of professional teams specializing in engineering...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joachim%20Lambek
Joachim "Jim" Lambek (5 December 1922 – 23 June 2014) was a Canadian mathematician. He was Peter Redpath Emeritus Professor of Pure Mathematics at McGill University, where he earned his PhD degree in 1950 with Hans Zassenhaus as advisor. Biography Lambek was born in Leipzig, Germany, where he attended a Gymnasium. H...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Sutton
Walter Stanborough Sutton (April 5, 1877 – November 10, 1916) was an American geneticist and biologist whose most significant contribution to present-day biology was his theory that the Mendelian laws of inheritance could be applied to chromosomes at the cellular level of living organisms. This is now known as the Bove...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid%20torus
In mathematics, a solid torus is the topological space formed by sweeping a disk around a circle. It is homeomorphic to the Cartesian product of the disk and the circle, endowed with the product topology. A standard way to visualize a solid torus is as a toroid, embedded in 3-space. However, it should be distinguishe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club%20set
In mathematics, particularly in mathematical logic and set theory, a club set is a subset of a limit ordinal that is closed under the order topology, and is unbounded (see below) relative to the limit ordinal. The name club is a contraction of "closed and unbounded". Formal definition Formally, if is a limit ordina...