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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension%20%28topology%29
In topology, a branch of mathematics, the suspension of a topological space X is intuitively obtained by stretching X into a cylinder and then collapsing both end faces to points. One views X as "suspended" between these end points. The suspension of X is denoted by SX or susp(X). There is a variation of the suspensi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full%20scale
In electronics and signal processing, full scale represents the maximum amplitude a system can represent. In digital systems, a signal is said to be at digital full scale when its magnitude has reached the maximum representable value. Once a signal has reached digital full scale, all headroom has been utilized, and an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological%20Physics
Biological Physics: Energy, Information, Life: With new art by David Goodsell is a book by Philip Nelson, illustrated by David Goodsell. The fifth printing was published by W. H. Freeman in late 2013. It is a work on biology with an emphasis on the application of physical principles. References . . . Science books
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raurimu%20Spiral
The Raurimu Spiral is a single-track railway spiral, starting with a horseshoe curve, overcoming a height difference, in the central North Island of New Zealand, on the North Island Main Trunk railway (NIMT) between Wellington and Auckland. It is a notable feat of civil engineering, having been called an "engineering ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/THM
THM, Thm, thm or ThM may refer to: Turbo-Hydramatic, GM vehicle transmission Ton of heavy metal in a nuclear power plant Ton of hot metal in the steel industry Trihalomethanes in chemistry Therm, a unit of heat energy Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen—University of Applied Sciences Master of Theology postnominal, Th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inelastic%20scattering
In chemistry, nuclear physics, and particle physics, inelastic scattering is a process in which the kinetic energy of a particle or a system of particles changes after a collision. Formally, the kinetic energy of the incident particle is not conserved (in contrast to elastic scattering). In an inelastic scattering proc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemmers%20Prize%20in%20Mathematics
The Frederic Esser Nemmers Prize in Mathematics is awarded biennially from Northwestern University. It was initially endowed along with a companion prize, the Erwin Plein Nemmers Prize in Economics, as part of a $14 million donation from the Nemmers brothers. They envisioned creating an award that would be as prestigio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leroy%20P.%20Steele%20Prize
The Leroy P. Steele Prizes are awarded every year by the American Mathematical Society, for distinguished research work and writing in the field of mathematics. Since 1993, there has been a formal division into three categories. The prizes have been given since 1970, from a bequest of Leroy P. Steele, and were set up ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas%20Hartree
Douglas Rayner Hartree (27 March 1897 – 12 February 1958) was an English mathematician and physicist most famous for the development of numerical analysis and its application to the Hartree–Fock equations of atomic physics and the construction of a differential analyser using Meccano. Early life and education Douglas...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph%20rewriting
In computer science, graph transformation, or graph rewriting, concerns the technique of creating a new graph out of an original graph algorithmically. It has numerous applications, ranging from software engineering (software construction and also software verification) to layout algorithms and picture generation. Gra...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital%20hybridisation
In chemistry, orbital hybridisation (or hybridization) is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals (with different energies, shapes, etc., than the component atomic orbitals) suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds in valence bond theory. For example, in a carbon atom which...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartle%E2%80%93Hawking%20state
The Hartle–Hawking state is a proposal in theoretical physics concerning the state of the universe prior to the Planck epoch. It is named after James Hartle and Stephen Hawking. According to the Hartle–Hawking proposal, the universe has no origin as we would understand it: before the Big Bang, which happened about 13....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induced%20metric
In mathematics and theoretical physics, the induced metric is the metric tensor defined on a submanifold that is induced from the metric tensor on a manifold into which the submanifold is embedded, through the pullback. It may be determined using the following formula (using the Einstein summation convention), which is...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheeler%E2%80%93DeWitt%20equation
The Wheeler–DeWitt equation for theoretical physics and applied mathematics, is a field equation attributed to John Archibald Wheeler and Bryce DeWitt. The equation attempts to mathematically combine the ideas of quantum mechanics and general relativity, a step towards a theory of quantum gravity. In this approach, ti...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RQC
RQC may refer to: Relativistic quantum chemistry, a subfield of quantum chemistry. Remote Access Quarantine Client, a program, rqc.exe, in the Windows Server 2003 operating system. Review Quality Collector, a service aiming at improving the quality of scientific peer review. Russian Quantum Center, a non-commercial...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic%20quantum%20chemistry
Relativistic quantum chemistry combines relativistic mechanics with quantum chemistry to calculate elemental properties and structure, especially for the heavier elements of the periodic table. A prominent example is an explanation for the color of gold: due to relativistic effects, it is not silvery like most other me...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panorama%20Tools
Panorama Tools (also known as PanoTools) are a suite of programs and libraries for image stitching, i.e., re-projecting and blending multiple source images into immersive panoramas of many types. It was originally written by German physics and mathematics professor Helmut Dersch. Panorama Tools provides a framework An ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois%20Paillard
Jean-François Paillard (12 April 1928 – 15 April 2013) was a French conductor. He was born in Vitry-le-François and received his musical training at the Conservatoire de Paris, where he won first prize in music history, and the Salzburg Mozarteum. He also earned a degree in mathematics at the Sorbonne. In 1953, he f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom
Bloom or blooming may refer to: Science and technology Biology Bloom, one or more flowers on a flowering plant Algal bloom, a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae in an aquatic system Jellyfish bloom, a collective noun for a large group of jellyfish Epicuticular wax bloom, a whitish haze due...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichen%20%28disambiguation%29
Lichen is a type of symbiotic organism. Lichen may also refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Lichens (musician), Robert Lowe's solo musical project "Lichen", the nickname for an untitled song by Aphex Twin from the album Selected Ambient Works Volume II Biology Asphodelus albus, a herbaceous perennial plant ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth%20curve
Growth curve can refer to: Growth curve (statistics), an empirical model of the evolution of a quantity over time. Growth curve (biology), a statistical growth curve used to model a biological quantity. Curve of growth (astronomy), the relation between the equivalent width and the optical depth.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taut%20foliation
In mathematics, tautness is a rigidity property of foliations. A taut foliation is a codimension 1 foliation of a closed manifold with the property that every leaf meets a transverse circle. By transverse circle, is meant a closed loop that is always transverse to the tangent field of the foliation. If the foliated ma...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudogroup
In mathematics, a pseudogroup is a set of diffeomorphisms between open sets of a space, satisfying group-like and sheaf-like properties. It is a generalisation of the concept of a group, originating however from the geometric approach of Sophus Lie to investigate symmetries of differential equations, rather than out of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess%20Alexandra%20Hospital%2C%20Brisbane
The Princess Alexandra Hospital (PAH) is a major Australian teaching hospital of the University of Queensland, located in Brisbane, Queensland. It is a tertiary level teaching hospital with all major medical and surgical specialities onsite except for obstetrics, gynaecology, paediatrics, and medical genetics. It has a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phasor
In physics and engineering, a phasor (a portmanteau of phase vector) is a complex number representing a sinusoidal function whose amplitude (), angular frequency (), and initial phase () are time-invariant. It is related to a more general concept called analytic representation, which decomposes a sinusoid into the pro...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct%20integral
In mathematics and functional analysis a direct integral or Hilbert integral is a generalization of the concept of direct sum. The theory is most developed for direct integrals of Hilbert spaces and direct integrals of von Neumann algebras. The concept was introduced in 1949 by John von Neumann in one of the papers in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20D.%20Mitchell
Peter Dennis Mitchell FRS (29 September 1920 – 10 April 1992) was a British biochemist who was awarded the 1978 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his theory of the chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP synthesis. Education and early life Mitchell was born in Mitcham, Surrey on 29 September 1920. His parents were Christopher Gibbs...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roke%20Manor%20Research
Roke Manor Research Limited is a British company based at Roke Manor near Romsey, Hampshire, which conducts research and development in the fields of communications, networks, electronic sensors, artificial intelligence, machine learning, data science, Military decision support consultancy and operational analysis, inf...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Bruce%20Merrifield
Robert Bruce Merrifield (July 15, 1921 – May 14, 2006) was an American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1984 for the invention of solid phase peptide synthesis. Early life He was born in Fort Worth, Texas, on 15 July 1921, the only son of George E. Merrifield and Lorene née Lucas. In 1923 the family ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Adolph%20Agardh
Carl Adolph Agardh (23 January 1785 in Båstad, Sweden – 28 January 1859 in Karlstad) was a Swedish botanist specializing in algae, who was eventually appointed bishop of Karlstad. Biography In 1807 he was appointed teacher of mathematics at Lund University, in 1812 appointed professor of botany and natural sciences,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrocyclic%20reaction
In organic chemistry, an electrocyclic reaction is a type of pericyclic rearrangement where the net result is one pi bond being converted into one sigma bond or vice versa. These reactions are usually categorized by the following criteria: Reactions can be either photochemical or thermal. Reactions can be either rin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycloaddition
In organic chemistry, a cycloaddition is a chemical reaction in which "two or more unsaturated molecules (or parts of the same molecule) combine with the formation of a cyclic adduct in which there is a net reduction of the bond multiplicity". The resulting reaction is a cyclization reaction. Many but not all cycloaddi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmatropic%20reaction
A sigmatropic reaction in organic chemistry is a pericyclic reaction wherein the net result is one σ-bond is changed to another σ-bond in an uncatalyzed intramolecular reaction. The name sigmatropic is the result of a compounding of the long-established sigma designation from single carbon–carbon bonds and the Greek wo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group%20transfer%20reaction
In organic chemistry, a group transfer reaction is a pericyclic process where one or more groups of atoms is transferred from one molecule to another. They can sometimes be difficult to identify when separate reactant molecules combine into a single product molecule (like in the ene reaction). Unlike other pericyclic r...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno%20machine
In mathematics and computer science, Zeno machines (abbreviated ZM, and also called accelerated Turing machine, ATM) are a hypothetical computational model related to Turing machines that are capable of carrying out computations involving a countably infinite number of algorithmic steps. These machines are ruled out i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ene%20reaction
In organic chemistry, the ene reaction (also known as the Alder-ene reaction by its discoverer Kurt Alder in 1943) is a chemical reaction between an alkene with an allylic hydrogen (the ene) and a compound containing a multiple bond (the enophile), in order to form a new σ-bond with migration of the ene double bond and...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeorhesis
Homeorhesis, derived from the Greek for "similar flow", is a concept encompassing dynamical systems which return to a trajectory, as opposed to systems which return to a particular state, which is termed homeostasis. Biology Homeorhesis is steady flow. Often biological systems are inaccurately described as homeostatic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diverticulum
In medicine or biology, a diverticulum is an outpouching of a hollow (or a fluid-filled) structure in the body. Depending upon which layers of the structure are involved, diverticula are described as being either true or false. In medicine, the term usually implies the structure is not normally present, but in embryo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide%20synthesis
In organic chemistry, peptide synthesis is the production of peptides, compounds where multiple amino acids are linked via amide bonds, also known as peptide bonds. Peptides are chemically synthesized by the condensation reaction of the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another. Protecting group st...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott%20core%20theorem
In mathematics, the Scott core theorem is a theorem about the finite presentability of fundamental groups of 3-manifolds due to G. Peter Scott, . The precise statement is as follows: Given a 3-manifold (not necessarily compact) with finitely generated fundamental group, there is a compact three-dimensional submanifol...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof%20assistant
In computer science and mathematical logic, a proof assistant or interactive theorem prover is a software tool to assist with the development of formal proofs by human-machine collaboration. This involves some sort of interactive proof editor, or other interface, with which a human can guide the search for proofs, the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Burnell-Nugent
Admiral Sir James Michael Burnell-Nugent, (born 20 November 1949) is a retired Royal Navy officer who served as Commander-in-Chief Fleet from 2005 to 2007. Early life and education Burnell-Nugent was educated at Stowe School, then an all-boys private school in Buckinghamshire. He studied mathematics at Corpus Christi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylenediamine
Phenylenediamine may refer to: o-phenylenediamine or OPD, a chemical compound C6H4(NH2)2 m-phenylenediamine or MPD, a chemical compound C6H4(NH2)2 p-phenylenediamine or PPD, a chemical compound C6H4(NH2)2 N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine or DMPD N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine or TMPD, used in microbiology N,N...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeitschrift%20f%C3%BCr%20Angewandte%20Mathematik%20und%20Physik
The Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Physik (English: Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics) is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Birkhäuser Verlag. The editor-in-chief is Kaspar Nipp (ETH Zurich). It was established in 1950 and covers the fields of theoretical and applied mechanic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary%20ecology
Evolutionary ecology lies at the intersection of ecology and evolutionary biology. It approaches the study of ecology in a way that explicitly considers the evolutionary histories of species and the interactions between them. Conversely, it can be seen as an approach to the study of evolution that incorporates an under...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20McAulay
Alexander McAulay (9 December 1863 – 6 July 1931) was the first professor of mathematics and physics at the University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania. He was also a proponent of dual quaternions, which he termed "octonions" or "Clifford biquaternions". McAulay was born on 9 December 1863 and attended Kingswood School i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Davis%20%28programmer%29
Paul Davis (formerly known as Paul Barton-Davis) is a British-American software developer best known for his work on audio software (JACK) for the Linux operating system, and for his role as one of the first two programmers at Amazon.com. Davis grew up in the English Midlands and in London. After studying molecular bi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dephasing
In physics, dephasing is a mechanism that recovers classical behaviour from a quantum system. It refers to the ways in which coherence caused by perturbation decays over time, and the system returns to the state before perturbation. It is an important effect in molecular and atomic spectroscopy, and in the condensed ma...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diazo
In organic chemistry, the diazo group is an organic moiety consisting of two linked nitrogen atoms at the terminal position. Overall charge-neutral organic compounds containing the diazo group bound to a carbon atom are called diazo compounds or diazoalkanes and are described by the general structural formula . The si...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford%20Internet%20Institute
The Oxford Internet Institute (OII) serves as a hub for interdisciplinary research, combining social and computer science to explore information, communication, and technology. It is an integral part of the University of Oxford's Social Sciences Division in England. Overview The OII is spread across three locations on...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector%20algebra
In mathematics, vector algebra may mean: Linear algebra, specifically the basic algebraic operations of vector addition and scalar multiplication; see vector space. The algebraic operations in vector calculus, namely the specific additional structure of vectors in 3-dimensional Euclidean space of dot product and esp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20A.%20Hauptman
Herbert Aaron Hauptman (February 14, 1917 – October 23, 2011) was an American mathematician and Nobel laureate. He pioneered and developed a mathematical method that has changed the whole field of chemistry and opened a new era in research in determination of molecular structures of crystallized materials. Today, Haupt...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel
Mel, Mels or MEL may refer to: Biology Mouse erythroleukemia cell line (MEL) National Herbarium of Victoria, a herbarium with the Index Herbariorum code MEL People Mel (given name), the abbreviated version of several given names (including a list of people with the name) Mel (surname) Manuel Zelaya, former presi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Brown%20%28ecologist%29
James Hemphill Brown (born 1942) is an American biologist and academic. He is an ecologist, and a Distinguished Professor of Biology at the University of New Mexico. His work has focused on 3 distinct aspects of ecology: 1) the population and community ecology of rodents and harvester ants in the Chihuahuan Desert, 2...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylide
In organometallic chemistry, acetylide refers to chemical compounds with the chemical formulas and , where M is a metal. The term is used loosely and can refer to substituted acetylides having the general structure (where R is an organic side chain). Acetylides are reagents in organic synthesis. The calcium acetyli...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-line
K-line may refer to: Chemistry K-line (spectrometry), one of two features in spectroscopy: Calcium K line, a Fraunhofer spectral line from ionised calcium K-line (x-ray), an x-ray peak in astronomical spectrometry K line, a term used in Internal conversion electron spectroscopy Computing K-line (artificial intelligen...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programme%20for%20International%20Student%20Assessment
The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a worldwide study by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in member and non-member nations intended to evaluate educational systems by measuring 15-year-old school pupils' scholastic performance on mathematics, science, and readin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaction%20point
In particle physics, an interaction point (IP) is the place where particles collide in an accelerator experiment. The nominal interaction point is the design position, which may differ from the real or physics interaction point, where the particles actually collide. A related, but distinct, concept is the primary verte...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction%20coordinate
In chemistry, a reaction coordinate is an abstract one-dimensional coordinate chosen to represent progress along a reaction pathway. Where possible it is usually a geometric parameter that changes during the conversion of one or more molecular entities, such as bond length or bond angle. For example, in the homolytic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic%20coordinates
In mathematics, hyperbolic coordinates are a method of locating points in quadrant I of the Cartesian plane . Hyperbolic coordinates take values in the hyperbolic plane defined as: . These coordinates in HP are useful for studying logarithmic comparisons of direct proportion in Q and measuring deviations from direc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcosm%20%28CERN%29
Microcosm or CERN Museum was an interactive exhibition presenting the work of the CERN particle physics laboratory and its flagship accelerator the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It first opened to the public in 1990 and closed permanently in September 2022, to be replaced by the Science Gateway in 2023. The final versio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenobiology
Xenobiology (XB) is a subfield of synthetic biology, the study of synthesizing and manipulating biological devices and systems. The name "xenobiology" derives from the Greek word xenos, which means "stranger, alien". Xenobiology is a form of biology that is not (yet) familiar to science and is not found in nature. In p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLS
CLS may refer to: Academic fields Critical legal studies, school of legal philosophy Constrained least square statistical estimator CLs method to set bounds on particle physics model parameters The .cls file extension, used to hold LaTeX manuscripts - see LaTeX § Compatibility and converters Education California ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime%20Obsession
Prime Obsession: Bernhard Riemann and the Greatest Unsolved Problem in Mathematics (2003) is a historical book on mathematics by John Derbyshire, detailing the history of the Riemann hypothesis, named for Bernhard Riemann, and some of its applications. The book was awarded the Mathematical Association of America's in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoothed-particle%20hydrodynamics
Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a computational method used for simulating the mechanics of continuum media, such as solid mechanics and fluid flows. It was developed by Gingold and Monaghan and Lucy in 1977, initially for astrophysical problems. It has been used in many fields of research, including astrophy...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20University%20of%20Catalonia
The Open University of Catalonia (; ) is a private open university based in Barcelona, Spain. The UOC offers graduate and postgraduate programs in Catalan, Spanish and English in fields such as Psychology, Computer Science, Education sciences, Information and Knowledge Society, and Economics. Also, an Information and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome%20Karle
Jerome Karle (born Jerome Karfunkle; June 18, 1918 – June 6, 2013) was an American physical chemist. Jointly with Herbert A. Hauptman, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1985, for the direct analysis of crystal structures using X-ray scattering techniques. Early life and education Karle was born in New Yor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point%20particle
A point particle, ideal particle or point-like particle (often spelled pointlike particle) is an idealization of particles heavily used in physics. Its defining feature is that it lacks spatial extension; being dimensionless, it does not take up space. A point particle is an appropriate representation of any object whe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayley%27s%20formula
In mathematics, Cayley's formula is a result in graph theory named after Arthur Cayley. It states that for every positive integer , the number of trees on labeled vertices is . The formula equivalently counts the number of spanning trees of a complete graph with labeled vertices . Proof Many proofs of Cayley's tree...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20C.%20Geary
David Cyril Geary (born June 7, 1957, in Providence, Rhode Island) is an American cognitive developmental and evolutionary psychologist with interests in mathematical learning and sex differences. He is currently a Curators’ Professor and Thomas Jefferson Fellow in the Department of Psychological Sciences and Interdisc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical%20substitution
In organic chemistry, a radical-substitution reaction is a substitution reaction involving free radicals as a reactive intermediate. The reaction always involves at least two steps, and possibly a third. In the first step called initiation (2,3), a free radical is created by homolysis. Homolysis can be brought abou...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympatry
In biology, two related species or populations are considered sympatric when they exist in the same geographic area and thus frequently encounter one another. An initially interbreeding population that splits into two or more distinct species sharing a common range exemplifies sympatric speciation. Such speciation may ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poincar%C3%A9%E2%80%93Hopf%20theorem
In mathematics, the Poincaré–Hopf theorem (also known as the Poincaré–Hopf index formula, Poincaré–Hopf index theorem, or Hopf index theorem) is an important theorem that is used in differential topology. It is named after Henri Poincaré and Heinz Hopf. The Poincaré–Hopf theorem is often illustrated by the special ca...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TU%20Wien
TU Wien (), also known as the Vienna University of Technology, is a public research university in Vienna, Austria. The university's teaching and research are focused on engineering, computer science, and natural sciences. It currently has about 28,100 students (29% women), eight faculties, and about 5,000 staff member...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques-Louis%20Soret
Jacques-Louis Soret (30 June 1827 – 13 May 1890) was a Swiss chemist and spectroscopist. He studied both spectroscopy and electrolysis. Career Soret held the chairs of chemistry (1873-1887) and medical physics (1887-1890) at the University of Geneva. Soret determined the chemical composition and density of ozone and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable%20speed%20of%20light
A variable speed of light (VSL) is a feature of a family of hypotheses stating that the speed of light may in some way not be constant, for example, that it varies in space or time, or depending on frequency. Accepted classical theories of physics, and in particular general relativity, predict a constant speed of light...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxos%20%28disambiguation%29
Paxos or Paxi is a Greek island in the Ionian sea. Paxos may also refer to: Paxos (computer science), a family of algorithms Paxos Trust Company, an American financial institution and technology company See also Paxo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury%28I%29%20chloride
Mercury(I) chloride is the chemical compound with the formula Hg2Cl2. Also known as the mineral calomel (a rare mineral) or mercurous chloride, this dense white or yellowish-white, odorless solid is the principal example of a mercury(I) compound. It is a component of reference electrodes in electrochemistry. History...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurophenomenology
Neurophenomenology refers to a scientific research program aimed to address the hard problem of consciousness in a pragmatic way. It combines neuroscience with phenomenology in order to study experience, mind, and consciousness with an emphasis on the embodied condition of the human mind. The field is very much linked ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hankel%20contour
In mathematics, a Hankel contour is a path in the complex plane which extends from (+∞,δ), around the origin counter clockwise and back to (+∞,−δ), where δ is an arbitrarily small positive number. The contour thus remains arbitrarily close to the real axis but without crossing the real axis except for negative values ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold%20Pender
Harold Pender (13 January 1879, Tarboro, North Carolina – 6 Kennebunkport, Maine1959) was an American academic, author, and inventor. He was the first Dean of the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Electrical Engineering, a position he held from the founding of the School in 1923 until his retirement in 1949....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function%20of%20a%20real%20variable
In mathematical analysis, and applications in geometry, applied mathematics, engineering, and natural sciences, a function of a real variable is a function whose domain is the real numbers , or a subset of that contains an interval of positive length. Most real functions that are considered and studied are differentia...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham%20Cairns-Smith
Alexander Graham Cairns-Smith FRSE (24 November 1931 – 26 August 2016) was an organic chemist and molecular biologist at the University of Glasgow. He studied at the University of Edinburgh, where he gained a Ph.D. in Chemistry (1957). He was most famous for his controversial 1985 book Seven Clues to the Origin of Life...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharaf%20al-Din%20Ali%20Yazdi
Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi or Sharif al-Din Ali’ Yazdi (; died 1454, Yazd), also known by his pen name Sharaf, was a 15th-century Persian scholar who authored several works in the arts and sciences, including mathematics, astronomy, enigma, literature such as poetry, and history. The Zafarnama, a life of Timur, is his mo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendre%20chi%20function
In mathematics, the Legendre chi function is a special function whose Taylor series is also a Dirichlet series, given by As such, it resembles the Dirichlet series for the polylogarithm, and, indeed, is trivially expressible in terms of the polylogarithm as The Legendre chi function appears as the discrete Fourier tr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Gunning
Robert Gunning may refer to: Sir Robert Gunning, 1st Baronet (1731–1816), British diplomat Robert C. Gunning, professor of mathematics at Princeton University Robert Halliday Gunning (1818–1900), Scottish physician Robert Gunning, American businessman, creator of the Gunning fog index of readability Robert Gunnin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methoxy%20group
In organic chemistry, a methoxy group is the functional group consisting of a methyl group bound to oxygen. This alkoxy group has the formula . On a benzene ring, the Hammett equation classifies a methoxy substituent at the para position as an electron-donating group, but as an electron-withdrawing group if at the met...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random%20minimum%20spanning%20tree
In mathematics, a random minimum spanning tree may be formed by assigning random weights from some distribution to the edges of an undirected graph, and then constructing the minimum spanning tree of the graph. When the given graph is a complete graph on vertices, and the edge weights have a continuous distribution f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey%20Katanandov
Sergey Leonidovich Katanandov () is the former leader of the Republic of Karelia, an autonomous entity of Russia, in 1998–2010, first as Prime Minister, then as Head of the Republic. Katanandov was born in 1955, in the Karelian capital of Petrozavodsk. Educated in civil engineering and law, Katanandov served as Mayor ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QED%3A%20The%20Strange%20Theory%20of%20Light%20and%20Matter
QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter is an adaptation for the general reader of four lectures on quantum electrodynamics (QED) published in 1985 by American physicist and Nobel laureate Richard Feynman. QED was designed to be a popular science book, written in a witty style, and containing just enough quantum-m...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organochlorine%20chemistry
Organochlorine chemistry is concerned with the properties of organochlorine compounds, or organochlorides, organic compounds containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. The chloroalkane class (alkanes with one or more hydrogens substituted by chlorine) includes common examples. The wide structural varie...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projective%20line%20over%20a%20ring
In mathematics, the projective line over a ring is an extension of the concept of projective line over a field. Given a ring A with 1, the projective line P(A) over A consists of points identified by projective coordinates. Let U be the group of units of A; pairs and from are related when there is a u in U such tha...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dope
Dope may refer to: Chemistry Biochemistry Dope, a slang word for a euphoria-producing drug, particularly: Cocaine Cannabis (drug) Heroin Opium DOPE, or 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, a phospholipid Discrete optimized protein energy, a method of assessing homology models in protein structure pr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut%20de%20g%C3%A9nie%20informatique%20et%20industriel
Ingénieur en Génie Informatique et Industriel (IG2I, EC-Lille) is an information engineering school in Lens, France. Founded in 1992 by "Ecole Centrale de Lille", it offers courses in computer Science, networking, and industrial engineering. References IG2I web-site in French IG2I page on Facebook Grandes écoles Educ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drop%20tube
In physics and materials science, a drop tower or drop tube is a structure used to produce a controlled period of weightlessness for an object under study. Air bags, polystyrene pellets, and magnetic or mechanical brakes are sometimes used to arrest the fall of the experimental payload. In other cases, high-speed imp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans-Peter%20D%C3%BCrr
Hans-Peter Dürr (7 October 1929 – 18 May 2014) was a German physicist. He worked on nuclear and quantum physics, elementary particles and gravitation, epistemology, and philosophy, and he advocated responsible scientific and energy policies. In 1987, he was awarded the Right Livelihood Award for "his profound critique ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exsecant
The exsecant (exsec, exs) and excosecant (excosec, excsc, exc) are trigonometric functions defined in terms of the secant and cosecant functions. They used to be important in fields such as surveying, railway engineering, civil engineering, astronomy, and spherical trigonometry and could help improve accuracy, but are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive%20development
Cognitive development is a field of study in neuroscience and psychology focusing on a child's development in terms of information processing, conceptual resources, perceptual skill, language learning, and other aspects of the developed adult brain and cognitive psychology. Qualitative differences between how a child ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal%20propagation%20delay
Propagation delay is the time duration taken for a signal to reach its destination. It can relate to networking, electronics or physics. Networking In computer networks, propagation delay is the amount of time it takes for the head of the signal to travel from the sender to the receiver. It can be computed as the rati...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disruptive%20selection
Disruptive selection, also called diversifying selection, describes changes in population genetics in which extreme values for a trait are favored over intermediate values. In this case, the variance of the trait increases and the population is divided into two distinct groups. In this more individuals acquire peripher...