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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meerkat%20%28vehicle%29 | The Meerkat is the lead vehicle in the Interim Vehicle Mounted Mine Detector VMMD system, which evolved from a system known as Chubby.
The first units were delivered in 1998.
The system is manufactured by the Rolling Stock Division (RSD) of DCD-Dorbyl, a mechanical engineering conglomerate in South Africa.
The Meerkat resembles a cross between a dune buggy and a grader, with a pair of horizontally mounted rectangular panels, one each side, where the grader's blade would be.
The Meerkat is intended only to detect land mines - the related Husky and its trailers are intended to dispose of detected mines.
With its tire pressures lowered, the Meerkat produces a relatively low pressure on the ground below the tires, enabling it to pass over pressure-sensitive mines designed to destroy heavy vehicles. Even if it detonates a mine, the floor of the driver's cabin is armored and the structural components are designed to be quickly replaced.
References
External links
DCD-Dorbyl Rolling Stock Division (RSD)
Military vehicles of South Africa
Military engineering vehicles
Military vehicles introduced in the 1990s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamaloddin%20Jenab | Kamaloddin Jenab (; 1908–2006) was an Iranian pioneer physicist. He is often credited for founding academic experimental science in Iranian universities.
He was the first Iranian to obtain a PhD in nuclear physics, and is often credited for laying the foundations of that science in Iran.
Born in 1908 in Isfahan, he earned a scholarship to study abroad, taking him to France where he studied physics at Nancy-Université, chemistry at Sorbonne University, and finally culminating in a PhD from California Institute of Technology in the U.S.
Jenab studied under Robert Millikan at Caltech where he completed his PhD in Nuclear Physics in 1936. He also participated in the 1936 student Olympics, and being an avid swimmer, swam across the English Channel at the age of 25.
After returning to Iran, Dr. Jenab served as faculty at Tehran University until his retirement in 1975 after 40 years of service. He authored many of Iran's first textbooks in modern physics.
In 2004, a film was made to honor his services to Iran's physics community, and he was honored as one of Iran's founding fathers in modern science.
He died on August 26, 2006, at the age of 98.
References
External links
IPM article on Jenab's biography
1908 births
Iranian nuclear physicists
University of Paris alumni
Nancy-Université alumni
California Institute of Technology alumni
Academic staff of the University of Tehran
2006 deaths
National Front (Iran) politicians
Iran Party politicians
Iranian Science and Culture Hal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin%20A.%20Russell | Colin Archibald Russell ( – ) was emeritus professor of history of science and technology at the Open University and was a research scholar affiliated to the History and Philosophy of Science Department, Cambridge University. His chief research interests were in the fields of the history of chemistry, environmental history and history of science and religion.
Early life and teaching
Born in London, Russell received his education at Epsom Grammar School before going to University College Hull (now the University of Hull). After receiving his BSc he became assistant lecturer in chemistry at the Kingston Technical College (1950–1959) and then lecturer, senior lecturer and principal lecturer in organic chemistry at Harris College, Preston (now the University of Central Lancashire).
Whilst teaching he also undertook further study. He received his MSc (1958) and PhD (1962) in the history and philosophy of science from the University of London. In 1978 he also received a DSc.
Open University
In 1970 Russell founded the Department for the History of Science and Technology at the Open University. Russell remained at the Open University for the rest of his academic career.
Recognition and awards
Russell was the recipient of the Dexter Award from the American Chemical Society ‘for outstanding contributions to the history of chemistry’ (1990) and of the David Mellor Medal from the University of New South Wales (1995).
Russell was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry on whose c |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jansen%20Noyes%20Jr. | Jansen Noyes Jr. (1918–2004) was an investment banker and stock brokerage company executive.
Education and career
Noyes earned a mechanical engineering degree from Cornell University in 1939. During his senior year, Noyes was elected to the Sphinx Head Society. He was chairman of the Board of Trustees of Cornell University from 1978 to 1984.
Noyes was a founding partner of Noyes Partners, Inc. in 1980, and remained as its president until 2003. In 1983, Berkery Associates was merged with Noyes Partners, to create the investment banking firm Berkery, Noyes & Co.
Personal life
Noyes was the son of Jansen Noyes Sr. who founded and was senior partner in the Hornblower, Weeks, Noyes & Trask investment firm of Wall St.
Charitable work
In 1966, Noyes' family donated Noyes Center, a student union on Cornell University's West Campus. The building was designed by the architecture firm Todd & Giroux.
The building was demolished along with the six University Hall dormitories as part of the West Campus Initiative whose goal was to create a residential college system on West Campus. The building was replaced by the new Noyes Community Recreational Center that opened in 2007 on a nearby site.
He was also the director of Helen Keller International from 1946 to 1996.
References
1918 births
2004 deaths
American bankers
Cornell University alumni
20th-century American businesspeople |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20John%20Orchard | Henry John Orchard (May 7, 1922 – June 23, 2004) was a professor emeritus of electrical engineering at the UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science and an authority on filter design and network theory. He died June 23 of 2004 at his home in Santa Monica of respiratory failure. He was 82.
In a monumental breakthrough publication (Electronics Letters, 1966), he explained the "secret" behind the low passband sensitivity of doubly loaded reactance two-ports and showed how to design active two-ports that retain this key attribute. Among Professor Orchard's key contributions was the development of a systematic process for the computer-aided design of filters. During the early years of computer-aided filter design, when the synthesis of a single circuit required several days of multiple-precision computation, his method had an important beneficial effect. He was instrumental in introducing into switched capacitor filter design the bilinear s-z mapping, previously used solely in digital filter design, and in developing a methodology that allowed the use of arbitrary active-RC models for switched-capacitor filter syntheses.
External links
About Professor Orchard
In his Memoriam
2004 deaths
American electrical engineers
Fellow Members of the IEEE
UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science faculty
1922 births
20th-century American engineers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum%20of%20Innovation%20and%20Science | The Museum of Innovation and Science (stylized as miSci, and formerly the Schenectady Museum & Suits-Bueche Planetarium) is a museum and planetarium located in Schenectady, New York. miSci was founded in 1934 and its exhibitions and educational programming focus on Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics (STEAM). , the museum's president is Gina C. Gould, PhD; Vice President of Collections and Exhibitions is Chris Hunter; and Director of Grants and Special Events is Peter Gabak.
Inside of the museum is the Suits-Bueche Planetarium. It contains a GOTO Chronos Star Machine, one of only 16 in the United States, which is capable of displaying 8,500 stars and 24 constellation outlines. The projector can show the sky from any location on Earth 100,000 years in the past or in the future.
Also located at miSci is a Challenger Learning Center (CLC), which opened in 2014.
The archives contain over 1.5 million photographs, making them the seventh largest collection of photographs in the US (not including the federal government). The archives also include 110 radios, 60 televisions, 15,000 patents, 5000 books, and 1000 films. Many of the items relate to the history of Schenectady and General Electric. The archives are open to the public by appointment.
The Dudley Observatory, now located on the grounds of Siena College, was also in residence at the museum from 2015 to 2019.
Gina C. Gould, former director of the Ashokan Center, has served as President since 2017. Previ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirtinger%20inequality%20%282-forms%29 | For other inequalities named after Wirtinger, see Wirtinger's inequality.
In mathematics, the Wirtinger inequality, named after Wilhelm Wirtinger, is a fundamental result in complex linear algebra which relates the symplectic and volume forms of a hermitian inner product. It has important consequences in complex geometry, such as showing that the normalized exterior powers of the Kähler form of a Kähler manifold are calibrations.
Statement
Consider a real vector space with positive-definite inner product , symplectic form , and almost-complex structure , linked by for any vectors and . Then for any orthonormal vectors there is
There is equality if and only if the span of is closed under the operation of .
In the language of the comass of a form, the Wirtinger theorem (although without precision about when equality is achieved) can also be phrased as saying that the comass of the form is equal to .
Proof
In the special case , the Wirtinger inequality is a special case of the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality:
According to the equality case of the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality, equality occurs if and only if and are collinear, which is equivalent to the span of being closed under .
Let be fixed, and let denote their span. Then there is an orthonormal basis of with dual basis such that
where denotes the inclusion map from into . This implies
which in turn implies
where the inequality follows from the previously-established case. If equality holds, then according t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knorr-Bremse | Knorr-Bremse AG is a German manufacturer of braking systems for rail and commercial vehicles that has operated in the field for over 110 years. Other products in Group's portfolio include intelligent door systems, control components, air conditioning systems for rail vehicles, torsional vibration dampers, and transmission control systems for commercial vehicles.
In 2022, the Group's workforce of over 31,000 achieved worldwide sales of EUR 7.15 billion.
The Group has a presence in over 30 countries, at 100 locations.
On 13 October 2022, it was announced that Knorr-Bremse AG had chosen Marc Llistosella to be a member of the Executive Board and CEO. The appointment takes effect as of 1 January 2023.
History
Foundation
Engineer Georg Knorr established Knorr-Bremse GmbH in 1905 in Boxhagen-Rummelsburg, Neue Bahnhofstraße, near Berlin (since 1920 part of Berlin-Friedrichshain). Its production of railway braking systems derived from a company ("Carpenter & Schulze") founded in 1883. In 1911 the company merged with "Continentale Bremsen-GmbH" to found Knorr-Bremse Aktiengesellschaft (AG). From 1913 onwards, a second manufacturing plant, new headquarters, a heating plant and other annex buildings were erected.
The initial basis for Knorr's commercial success was provided by an agreement with the Prussian State Railways, which at that time had formed the Prussian-Hessian Railway Company, to supply single-chamber express braking systems, first for passenger and later on for freigh |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei%20Doroshkevich | Andrei Georgievich Doroshkevich (, born 1937) is a Russian (and former Soviet) theoretical astrophysicist and cosmologist, head of the laboratory on the physics of the early universe at the Lebedev Physical Institute.
He is best known for his work with Igor Novikov, which they published in 1964, providing a theoretical basis for the cosmic microwave background radiation and pointing out that this radiation should be experimentally measurable. The signal of this radiation had been discovered experimentally by T. A. Shmaonov in 1957, but his work had been forgotten even in the Soviet Union by the time of Doroshkevich and Novikov's work. Their own work, also, remained unknown in the west until after the Nobel prize winning rediscovery of the same signal by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson in 1965.
Selected publications
References
1937 births
Living people
Russian astronomers
Russian astrophysicists
Soviet astronomers
Soviet astrophysicists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin-glazed%20pottery | Tin-glazed pottery is earthenware covered in lead glaze with added tin oxide which is white, shiny and opaque (see tin-glazing for the chemistry); usually this provides a background for brightly painted decoration. It has been important in Islamic and European pottery, but very little used in East Asia. The pottery body is usually made of red or buff-colored earthenware and the white glaze imitated Chinese porcelain. The decoration on tin-glazed pottery is usually applied to the unfired glaze surface by brush with metallic oxides, commonly cobalt oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, manganese dioxide and antimony oxide. The makers of Italian tin-glazed pottery from the late Renaissance blended oxides to produce detailed and realistic polychrome paintings.
The earliest tin-glazed pottery appears to have been made in Iraq in the 9th century, the oldest fragments having been excavated during the First World War from the palace of Samarra about fifty miles north of Baghdad. From there it spread to Egypt, Persia and Spain before reaching Italy in mid-15th century, early Renaissance, Holland in the 16th century and England, France and other European countries shortly after.
The development of white, or near white, firing bodies in Europe from the late 18th century, such as creamware by Josiah Wedgwood, and increasingly cheap European porcelain and Chinese export porcelain, reduced the demand for tin-glaze Delftware, faience and majolica.
The rise in the cost of tin oxide during |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muspratt | Muspratt is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Members of one family:
James Muspratt, a chemical industrialist whose four sons who also worked in the chemical industry:
James Sheridan Muspratt, who moved into academic chemistry
Richard Muspratt, who was also a local politician in Flint, North Wales
Frederic Muspratt
Edmund Knowles Muspratt, also an MP and a local politician
Max Muspratt, son of Edmund Knowles Muspratt
Muspratt Baronets
Other people with the same surname include:
Helen Muspratt, photographer (Ramsey and Muspratt, Cambridge)
Keith Muspratt, pilot in 56 Squadron in World War I
General Sir Sydney Muspratt, Military Secretary to the India Office
Shane Muspratt, North Queensland Cowboys rugby league player
E. J. Muspratt, architect based in Chester
Lesley Margaret Muspratt married A. D. H. Bivar
Julian Muspratt, member of the Australian Olympic water polo team
John Petty Muspratt, British East India Company director
William Muspratt, one of the mutineers aboard
Paul Muspratt, offshore banker |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Leigh%20%28scientist%29 | David Alan Leigh (born 1963) FRS FRSE FRSC is a British chemist, Royal Society Research Professor and, since 2014, the Sir Samuel Hall Chair of Chemistry in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Manchester. He was previously the Forbes Chair of Organic Chemistry at the University of Edinburgh (2001–2012) and Professor of Synthetic Chemistry at the University of Warwick (1998–2001).
Education
Leigh was educated at Codsall Community High School and the University of Sheffield.
Career and research
He is noted for the invention of fundamental methods to control molecular-level dynamics and entanglement, including strategies to construct rotaxanes, catenanes and molecular knots and some of the earliest synthetic molecular motors, molecular robots and functional nanomachines.
Using mechanically-interlocked molecular architectures he prepared a novel molecular information ratchet that employs a mechanism reminiscent of Maxwell's demon (although it requires an energy input and so does not challenge the second law of thermodynamics). He has developed a rotaxane based photoactive molecular switch with the capability of changing the hydrophobicity of a surface and thus causing small droplets of liquid to move up hill, against the force of gravity. In 2009 he reported the first small-molecule walker-track system in which a 'walker' can be transported directionally along a short molecular track in a manner reminiscent of the way that biological motor proteins 'walk' along bi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunatak%20%28band%29 | Nunatak was the British Antarctic Survey’s (BAS) Rothera Research Station’s house band. The five person indie rock band was part of a science team investigating climate change and evolutionary biology on the Antarctic Peninsula. They are chiefly known for their participation in Live Earth in 2007, where they were the only band to play in the event's Antarctica concert.
History
The band's name is the Greenlandic word for a mountain top protruding from an ice sheet. Originally, the band had named itself after a disease previously common to Punta Arenas roughly translated to "Rat Shit Death" but felt that the pronunciation of that name was less than politically correct.
The band disbanded in 2007, as its members returned to the United Kingdom, but they reunited to perform in the Sanday, Orkney Soulka festival in 2012.
Live Earth
Nunatak played the Live Earth Antarctica concert on July 7, 2007, to a "sell out" crowd of seventeen, the entire population of the Rothera Research Station. Their participation fulfilled the event's promise to hold a concert on all seven continents. Lead singer Matt Balmer, 22, said of the event that the band "expected to spend our Antarctic winter here at Rothera quietly getting on with our work and maybe performing at the occasional Saturday night party. We could never have imagined taking part in a global concert."
In the buildup to the event, Director of BAS Professor Chris Rapley said:
The need to reduce our carbon emissions to avoid serious cl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holstein%E2%80%93Primakoff%20transformation | In quantum mechanics, the Holstein–Primakoff transformation is a mapping between to the spin operators from boson creation and annihilation operators, effectively truncating their infinite-dimensional Fock space to finite-dimensional subspaces.
One important aspect of quantum mechanics is the occurrence of—in general—non-commuting operators which represent observables, quantities that can be measured.
A standard example of a set of such operators are the three components of the angular momentum operators, which are crucial in many quantum systems.
These operators are complicated, and one would like to find a simpler representation, which can be used to generate approximate calculational schemes.
The transformation was developed in 1940 by Theodore Holstein, a graduate student at the time, and Henry Primakoff. This method has found widespread applicability and has been extended in many different directions.
There is a close link to other methods of boson mapping of operator algebras: in particular, the (non-Hermitian) Dyson–Maleev technique, and to a lesser extent the Jordan–Schwinger map. There is, furthermore, a close link to the theory of (generalized) coherent states in Lie algebras.
Description
The basic idea can be illustrated for the basic example of spin operators of quantum mechanics.
For any set of right-handed orthogonal axes, define the components of this vector operator as , and , which are mutually noncommuting, i.e., and its cyclic permutations.
In ord |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Journal%20of%20Neuroscience | The Journal of Neuroscience is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Society for Neuroscience. It covers empirical research on all aspects of neuroscience. Its editor-in-chief is Marina Picciotto (Yale University). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 6.709.
History
The journal was established in 1981 and issues appeared monthly; as its popularity grew it switched to a biweekly schedule in 1996 and then to a weekly in July 2003.
Themes
Main themes
Articles appear within one of the following five sections of the journal:
Cellular/Molecular
Development/Plasticity/Repair
Systems/Circuits
Behavioral/Cognitive
Neurobiology of Disease
The journal has revised its sections over the years. In 2004, it added the Neurobiology of Disease section due to the growing number of papers on this subject. In January 2013, the journal split the section Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive into two sections, Systems/Circuits and Behavioral/Cognitive, in order to make the sections of the journal approximately the same in size.
Features
In addition, some issues of the journal contain articles in the following sections:
Brief Communications
Journal Club (brief reviews of articles that appeared in the Journal; written by graduate students or postdoctoral fellows; first published in September 2005)
See also
Neuroscience
Behavioral neuroscience
References
External links
Neuroscience journals
Academic journals establishe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convolution%20power | In mathematics, the convolution power is the n-fold iteration of the convolution with itself. Thus if is a function on Euclidean space Rd and is a natural number, then the convolution power is defined by
where ∗ denotes the convolution operation of functions on Rd and δ0 is the Dirac delta distribution. This definition makes sense if x is an integrable function (in L1), a rapidly decreasing distribution (in particular, a compactly supported distribution) or is a finite Borel measure.
If x is the distribution function of a random variable on the real line, then the nth convolution power of x gives the distribution function of the sum of n independent random variables with identical distribution x. The central limit theorem states that if x is in L1 and L2 with mean zero and variance σ2, then
where Φ is the cumulative standard normal distribution on the real line. Equivalently, tends weakly to the standard normal distribution.
In some cases, it is possible to define powers x*t for arbitrary real t > 0. If μ is a probability measure, then μ is infinitely divisible provided there exists, for each positive integer n, a probability measure μ1/n such that
That is, a measure is infinitely divisible if it is possible to define all nth roots. Not every probability measure is infinitely divisible, and a characterization of infinitely divisible measures is of central importance in the abstract theory of stochastic processes. Intuitively, a measure should be infinitely divis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Tye%20%28philosopher%29 | Michael Tye (born 1950) is a British philosopher who is currently Professor of Philosophy at the University of Texas at Austin. He has made significant contributions to the philosophy of mind.
Education and career
Tye completed his undergraduate education at Oxford University in England, studying first physics and then physics and philosophy. He went on to complete a PhD in philosophy at the State University of New York, Stony Brook. Before moving to Texas, Tye taught at Haverford College in suburban Philadelphia and Temple University in Philadelphia proper. He was also a visiting professor at King's College, London for some ten consecutive years while at Temple and briefly took up a chair at the University of St. Andrews. Besides philosophy of mind, Tye has interests in cognitive science, metaphysics, and philosophical logic, especially problems relating to vagueness.
Tye's third book, Ten Problems of Consciousness (1995), was an alternate selection of the Library of Science Book Club.
Philosophical work
Along with Fred Dretske and William Lycan, Tye defends the representationalist view of consciousness, more precisely what has been called the "strong" representationalist view, according to which "representation of a certain kind suffices for a sensory quality, where the kind can be specified in functionalist or other familiar materialist terms, without recourse to properties of any ontologically 'new' sort."
Animal consciousness
Tye has authored papers on animal con |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurens%20de%20Haan | Laurens de Haan (born 15 January 1937) is a Dutch economist and Emeritus Professor of Probability and Mathematical Statistics at the Erasmus University Rotterdam, specializing in extreme value theory.
Biography
Born in Rotterdam, De Haan received his MA in mathematics from the University of Amsterdam in 1966, and his PhD in mathematics in 1970 under supervision of Johannes Runnenburg for the thesis "On regular variation and sample extremes".
De Haan started his academic career in 1966 as researcher in probability and statistics at the Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam. In the year 1971–72 he was visiting assistant professor at Stanford University. In 1977 he was appointed professor of probability and mathematical statistics at the Erasmus Universiteit, where he stayed until his retirement in 1998. From 1990 to 1992 he was associate dean of the school of economics. From 2008 to 2011 he was part-time professor of statistics at the University of Tilburg.
In 1977 he was elected Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (I.M.S.), and he was guest professor at Peking University in 1994. He was awarded a Doctor honoris causa from the Universidade de Lisboa in 2000 and the Medallion lecture at the I.M.S. annual meeting in Gothenburg in 2000.
Work
Overschrijdingslijnen project
The "Overschrijdingslijnen" was a research project based on extreme-value analysis, meant to provide new standards for the Dutch sea defenses. It was commissioned by the Ministry of Public Works, s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto%20Antonius | Otto Antonius (21 May 1885 in Vienna – 9 April 1945 in Vienna) was director of the Tiergarten Schönbrunn in Vienna, zoologist, palaeontologist and co-founder of the modern zoological biology.
Early life
Otto Antonius was the eldest of five children. His father was Protestant minister a native of Transylvania. Otto was named after the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck.
He attended classical grammar school in Vienna and studied in particular natural sciences, zoology and palaeontology at the University of Vienna. During his years of study, Antonius joined a nationalist fraternity, named “Silesia” which strove for a Pan-German solution. His father and three of his brothers were also members of this student organisation.
In 1910 he received his PhD and started to work for Professor Othenio Abel as scientific assistant at the chair of palaeobiology. Until 1918 he served in World War I as lieutenant and liaison officer. He received several medals: the Eisernes Kreuz, the Eiserner Halbmond and the Silberne Tapferkeitsmedaille.
In 1919 he resumed his scientific work as assistant professor. The same year he received his habilitation from the University of Vienna, in 1921 from the University of Agriculture.
In 1922 he married Margarethe von Tunner, they had two daughters.
Director at the Schönbrunn Zoo
On 1 December 1923 he started his regular duty at the Schönbrunn Zoo. Four months later he was named scientific director and eventually became palaeontologist and expert for zo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limaria%20hians | Limaria hians, the flame shell, is a species of small saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Limidae. This species is native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean.
Biology
The flame shell resembles a scallop with a bright orange fringe of tentacle-like filaments emerging from between the valve of its shell.
These bivalves create nests through the use of byssal threads to bind small stones, shells and other detritus together, enclosing themselves as form of protection. Individual nests expand over time, eventually overlapping with other nests and consequently forming expansive reefs. Holes in the reef allow fresh seawater to flow through, preventing stagnation. These reefs support a diverse marine ecosystem with one study showing six nest complexes supporting 19 species of algae and 265 species of invertebrates.
Distribution
This species is found in the northeast Atlantic, ranging from Lofoten to the Canary Islands, including the Mediterranean Sea. In the British Isles, the distribution of this species is primarily in the west coast of Scotland from the sublittoral (below low tide), down to 100m, although there are patchy records of the species being found in more southerly regions of the United Kingdom. There are a number of well-known colonies on the sea bed in Loch Carron, below Strome Castle. In 2012 a bed of 100 million flame shells covering an area of 75 hectares was found during a survey of Loch Alsh undertaken by Heriot-Watt University on behalf of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatau%20Nishinaga | is the fifth president of Toyohashi University of Technology. He received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering at Nagoya University in 1967. He became a professor at the engineering faculty of Toyohashi University of Technology in 1977, the engineering faculty of Nagoya University in 1980, the engineering faculty of University of Tokyo in 1983, and the engineering and science faculty of Meijo University in 2000. In April 2002, he became the president of Toyohashi University of Technology.
He is a member of American Association for Crystal Growth.
Awards
2002 Yamazaki-Teiichi Prize in Semiconductor & Semiconductor Device
References
学長紹介（西永 頌）：国立大学法人 豊橋技術科学大学 Retrieved on July 5, 2007.
Japanese scientists
Japanese electrical engineers
Living people
Toyohashi University of Technology people
Nagoya University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godfried%20Toussaint | Godfried Theodore Patrick Toussaint (1944 – July 2019) was a Canadian computer scientist, a professor of computer science, and the head of the Computer Science Program at New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD) in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. He is considered to be the father of computational geometry in Canada. He did research on various aspects of computational geometry, discrete geometry, and their applications: pattern recognition (k-nearest neighbor algorithm, cluster analysis), motion planning, visualization (computer graphics), knot theory (stuck unknot problem), linkage (mechanical) reconfiguration, the art gallery problem, polygon triangulation, the largest empty circle problem, unimodality (unimodal function), and others. Other interests included meander (art), compass and straightedge constructions, instance-based learning, music information retrieval, and computational music theory.
He was a co-founder of the Annual ACM Symposium on Computational Geometry, and the annual Canadian Conference on Computational Geometry.
Along with Selim Akl, he was an author and namesake of the efficient "Akl–Toussaint algorithm" for the construction of the convex hull of a planar point set. This algorithm exhibits a computational complexity with expected value linear in the size of the input. In 1980 he introduced the relative neighborhood graph (RNG) to the fields of pattern recognition and machine learning, and showed that it contained the minimum spanning tree, and was a subg |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Encyclopedia%20of%20Systems%20and%20Cybernetics | The book International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics is an authoritative encyclopedia for systems theory, cybernetics, the complex systems science, which covers both theories and applications in areas as engineering, biology, medicine and social sciences. This book first published in 1997 aimed to give an overview over more than 40 years developments in the field of Systems and Cybernetics.
This book offers a collection of more than 3000 keywords and articles of Systems and Cybernetics. Many items contain quotes from authors from the field.
The book is edited by Belgian systems scientist and diplomat Charles François with an Academic board including members such as John N. Warfield, Robert Trappl, Ranulph Glanville, G. A. Swanson,
Nicholas Paritsis,
Daniel Dubois, Heiner Benking, Francisco Parra Luna, Anthony Judge, Markus Schwaninger, Gerhard Chroust, G. A. Swanson, Matjaž Mulej and Stuart Umpleby.
The first edition was published in 1997 in one volume with 450 pages by publisher K.G. Saur in Munich. The second edition was published in 2004 in two volumes and 741 pages by the same publisher. This update consisted of 1700 articles, some of them with figures, tables and diagrams, and 1500 bibliographical references. The genesis of the Encyclopedia was published by Anthony Judge in the Wall Street Journal and as Festschrift in 2001: UIA - Saur Relations: Sharing a Documentary Pilgrimage
References
External links
International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanvoorstia%20bennettiana | Vanvoorstia bennettiana (Bennett's seaweed) was an extinct red algae from Australia. It is named after naturalist George Bennett.
Biology
Vanvoorstia bennetiana was a small red algae. Like other members of its genus, V. bennettiana did not have significant differences in morphology throughout any phase of its life cycle. It can be distinguished from other members of its genus by its small size and by the structure of its reproductive organs. The overall structure of the algae is that of a blade with fine meshing. For much of the time it was extant, the algae was common.
The algae has only been found in two localities; both in or near Sydney Harbour. One was near the eastern part of Spectacle Island, where it was discovered between May 1 and May 15, 1855. The other was in a channel between Point Piper and Shark Island, where numerous specimens were collected in 1886.
Extinction
Since the V. bennettiana discovery, Sydney Harbour has been massively altered by human activities. These activities substantially increased the siltation level in Sydney Harbour. Fine-meshed algae species are especially vulnerable to this type of disturbance because the particulate matter can often clog the blade and prevent light necessary for photosynthesis from reaching the organism.
A search by Arthur Lucas in 1916 failed to find the species. Since it had been only found in two places, V. bennettiana became extinct by then. The causes were human disturbance, habitat destruction, and pollution. S |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20National%20Association%20of%20Biology%20Teachers%20presidents | This is a list of the presidents of the National Association of Biology Teachers, from 1939 to the present.
2020s
2020: Sharon Gusky
2010s
2019: Sherri Annee
2018: Elizabeth Cowles
2017: Susan Finazzo
2016: Bob Melton
2015: Jane Ellis
2014: Stacey Kiser
2013: Mark Little
2012: Don French
2011: Dan Ward
2010: Marion V. "Bunny" Jaskot
2000s
2009-John M. Moore
2008-Todd Carter
2007-Pat Waller
2006-Toby Horn
2005-Rebecca E. Ross
2004-Betsy Ott
2003-Catherine Ueckert
2002-Brad Williamson
2001-Ann S. Lumsden
2000-Phil McCrea
1990s
1999-Richard D. Storey
1998-ViviannLee Ward
1997-Alan McCormack
1996-Elizabeth Carvellas
1995-Gordon E. Uno
1994-Barbara Schulz
1993-Ivo E. Lindauer
1992-Alton L. Biggs
1991-Joseph D. McInerney
1990-Nancy V. Ridenour
1980s
1989-John Penick
1988-Jane Abbott
1987-Donald S. Emmeluth
1986-George S. Zahrobsky
1985-Thromas R. Mertens
1984-Marjorie King
1983-Jane Butler Kahle
1982-Jerry Resnick
1981-Edward J. Komondy
1980-Stanley D. Roth
1970s
1979-Manert Kennedy
1978-Glen E. Peterson
1977-Jack L. Carter
1976-Haven Kolb
1975-Thomas Jesse Cleaver, Sr., PhD (1926–1995)
1974-Barbara K. Hopper
1973-Addison E. Lee
1972-Claude A. Welch
1971-H. Bentley Glass
1970-Robert E. Yager
1960s
1969-Burton E. Voss
1968-Jack Fishleder
1967-William V. Mayer
1966-Arnold B. Grobman
1965-L.S. McClung
1964-Ted F. Andrews
1963-Philip R. Fordyce
1962-Muriel Beuschlein
1961-Paul V. Webster
1960-Howard E. Weaver
1950s
1959-Paul Klinge
1958-Irene Hollenbeck
1957-John B |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDR%2C%20Inc. | HDR, Inc. is an Omaha, Nebraska, United States based design and engineering service.
History
In 1917, the Henningson Engineering Company started as a civil engineering firm in Omaha, where HDR's headquarters remain today. Willard Richardson and Charles W. "Chuck" Durham joined the firm in 1939 as interns. Circa 1950, Richardson and Durham had purchased shares in the firm, and it became known as Henningson, Durham and Richardson, Inc.
The company's first project was designing a power station for the city of Ogallala, Nebraska. Similar projects followed as the firm built water, sewer, electric, and road systems for cities and towns throughout the Midwestern United States, emerging from frontier status.
In 1983, Bouygues SA, France's largest construction company, purchased HDR for $60 million. An employee group bought back HDR in 1996 for $55 million. The company has since grown from 1,100 employees to over 12,000.
Acquisitions
Since the employee buyout in 1996 from the French conglomerate Bouygues, HDR has acquired over 60 firms around the world. In February 2011, HDR acquired Cooper Medical, an Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, based firm providing integrated design and construction services for healthcare facilities throughout the U.S. The new alliance, HDR Cooper Medical, will provide a service design and construction delivery model to healthcare clients. In February 2011, HDR acquired Schiff Associates, a recognized leader in corrosion engineering headquartered in Claremont, Ca |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early%20immersion%20%28foreign-language%20instruction%29 | Early immersion is a method of teaching and learning a foreign language. It entails having a student undergo intense instruction in a foreign language, starting by age five or six. Frequently, this method entails having the student learn all or much of his or her various "regular" subject matter (such as mathematics and science) via the foreign language being taught.
Bilingualism has been associated with a vast array of cognitive advantages. It often develops as a result of experiential factors that shape an individual’s upbringing. People who are bilingual have been found to possess greater navigation ability with respect to diseases like Alzeihmer’s and exhibit greater competence when it comes to internal mental processes such as ‘memory’, ‘self-control’ etc. These positive outcomes associated with being bilingual serve as a motivational factor underlying what is known as ‘bilingual education’ wherein children’s education is conducted using not one, but two languages. ‘Immersion’ in a foreign language, as defined above, is a subtype within the realm of bilingual education as a tool that effectively promotes proficiency in two languages.
It has been found that students enrolled in an early-immersion program learn the language being taught at an almost-native proficiency by age 11. Such students do show a lagging behind their peers (that is, those peers who are not enrolled in an early-immersion program) in reading, spelling, punctuation, mathematics, and science for th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistic%20model%20tree | In computer science, a logistic model tree (LMT) is a classification model with an associated supervised training algorithm that combines logistic regression (LR) and decision tree learning.
Logistic model trees are based on the earlier idea of a model tree: a decision tree that has linear regression models at its leaves to provide a piecewise linear regression model (where ordinary decision trees with constants at their leaves would produce a piecewise constant model). In the logistic variant, the LogitBoost algorithm is used to produce an LR model at every node in the tree; the node is then split using the C4.5 criterion. Each LogitBoost invocation is warm-started from its results in the parent node. Finally, the tree is pruned.
The basic LMT induction algorithm uses cross-validation to find a number of LogitBoost iterations that does not overfit the training data. A faster version has been proposed that uses the Akaike information criterion to control LogitBoost stopping.
References
See also
C4.5 algorithm
Decision trees |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality%20%28physics%29 | In response theory, the quality of an excited system is related to the number of excitation frequencies to which it can respond. In the case of a homogeneous, isotropic system, the quality is proportional to the FWHM.
This sense of the phrase is the precursor of the usage of the word in music theory. In music theory, quality is the number of harmonics of a fundamental frequency of an instrument (the higher the quality, the richer the sound).
See also
Q factor
Physical quantities |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20systems%20sciences%20organizations | Systems science is the interdisciplinary field of science surrounding systems theory, cybernetics, the science of complex systems. It aims to develop interdisciplinary foundations, which are applicable in a variety of areas, such as engineering, biology, medicine and social sciences. Systems science and systemics are names for all research related to systems theory. It is defined as an emerging branch of science that studies holistic systems and tries to develop logical, mathematical, engineering and philosophical paradigms and frameworks in which physical, technological, biological, social, cognitive and metaphysical systems can be studied and developed.
This list of systems sciences organizations gives an overview of global and local organizations in the field of systems science. This list shows all kinds of organizations and institutes listed thematically.
Awards
Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award
George B. Dantzig Prize
Donald P. Eckman Award
IEEE Simon Ramo Medal: award for exceptional achievement in systems engineering and systems science
John von Neumann Theory Prize
Rufus Oldenburger Medal
A. M. Turing Award
UKSS Gold Medallists by the United Kingdom Systems Society
The Hellenic Society for Systemic Studies Medal
Research centers
General
America
International Institute for General Systems Studies (IIGSS): an American non-profit scholastic organization for studies and education in Systems science in Pennsylvania, US
International Systems Instit |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20Ginsburg | Herbert P. Ginsburg is Jacob H. Schiff Foundation Professor of Psychology & Education at Teachers College, Columbia University.
He is a leading interpreter of children's understanding of mathematics, with research and teaching interests in intellectual development, mathematics education, and testing and assessment. He is a co-author of the Big Math for Little Kids curriculum for prekindergarten and kindergarten.
He received a Ph.D. and an M.S. in Developmental Psychology from the University of North Carolina, and a B.A. from Harvard University.
External links
Faculty Emeritus Bio
Big Math for Little Kids
Teachers College, Columbia University faculty
Living people
Harvard University alumni
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laplace%20expansion%20%28potential%29 | In physics, the Laplace expansion of potentials that are directly proportional to the inverse of the distance (), such as Newton's gravitational potential or Coulomb's electrostatic potential, expresses them in terms of the spherical Legendre polynomials. In quantum mechanical calculations on atoms the expansion is used in the evaluation of integrals of the inter-electronic repulsion.
The Laplace expansion is in fact the expansion of the inverse distance between two points. Let the points have position vectors and , then the Laplace expansion is
Here has the spherical polar coordinates and has with homogeneous polynomials of degree . Further r< is min(r, r′) and r> is max(r, r′). The function is a normalized spherical harmonic function. The expansion takes a simpler form when written in terms of solid harmonics,
Derivation
The derivation of this expansion is simple. By the law of cosines,
We find here the generating function of the Legendre polynomials :
Use of the spherical harmonic addition theorem
gives the desired result.
Neumann Expansion
A similar equation has been derived by John von Neumann that allows expression of in prolate spheroidal coordinates as a series:
where and are associated Legendre functions of the first and second kind, respectively, defined such that they are real for . In analogy to the spherical coordinate case above, the relative sizes of the radial coordinates are important, as and .
References
Griffiths, David J. (David J |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starport%3A%20Galactic%20Empires | Starport: Galactic Empires is a free, space-oriented, massively multiplayer online role-playing game by American studio Playtechtonics which uses a third-person overhead view similar to that used in Asteroids. The game uses realistic 2-dimensional physics for both space and atmospheric travel, affecting both the movement of ships and player-fired weaponry. Characters can conquer and colonize planets with a variety of different terrains depending on the type of planet. The player can harvest resources, generate money, and produce weapons with their colony. Starport shares many core concepts with Tradewars 2002, notably the commodity trading and planet controlling aspects.
Pricing
Starport is notable in the MMORPG genre as being one of the earliest adopters of the free to play business model. Instead of charging players a monthly subscription fee, Starport is free to play and allows players to purchase extra resources in the game through a feature called "The Admiral's Club."
Gameplay
Players are given a spaceship to travel through galaxies to either trade, pvp (player versus player) real-time combat, or create colonies for income. Players are also able to take over other people's colonies by breaching defenses and capturing the biodome, wherever it has been placed on the planet surface terrain map. Commodities play a large role in the universal economy, with different means of obtaining them either through trade, colonies or pvp.
References
External links
Official Starpo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamalain%20Shaath | Dr Kamalain Shaath is the current president of the Islamic University of Gaza (IUG). He has a Ph.D. degree in civil engineering. Prior to his current position, he was a professor at the Civil Engineering department at the same university. He received his Ph.D. from The University of Leeds in UK, M.Sc. from United States and B.Sc. from Cairo University, Egypt, all in civil engineering. Prior joining IUG, he used to work at An-Najah National University as instructor and assistant professor.
External links
Dr Kamalain Shaath's homepage
References
Living people
Academic staff of the Islamic University of Gaza
Alumni of the University of Leeds
Cairo University alumni
Academic staff of An-Najah National University
Year of birth missing (living people)
Palestinian civil engineers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20shuttle | A molecular shuttle in supramolecular chemistry is a special type of molecular machine capable of shuttling molecules or ions from one location to another. This field is of relevance to nanotechnology in its quest for nanoscale electronic components and also to biology where many biochemical functions are based on molecular shuttles. Academic interest also exists for synthetic molecular shuttles, the first prototype reported in 1991 based on a rotaxane.
This device is based on a molecular thread composed of an ethyleneglycol chain interrupted by two arene groups acting as so-called stations. The terminal units (or stoppers) on this wire are bulky triisopropylsilyl groups. The bead is a tetracationic cyclophane based on two bipyridine groups and two para-phenylene groups. The bead is locked to one of the stations by pi-pi interactions but since the activation energy for migration from one station to the other station is only 13 kcal/mol (54 kJ/mol) the bead shuttles between them. The stoppers prevent the bead from slipping from the thread. Chemical synthesis of this device is based on molecular self-assembly from a preformed thread and two bead fragments (32% chemical yield).
In certain molecular switches the two stations are non-degenerate.
References
Supramolecular chemistry
Molecular machines |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KKM | KKM may refer to:
Knaster–Kuratowski–Mazurkiewicz lemma, in mathematics
Kyo Kara Maoh!, a series of Japanese light novels
Kola Kolaya Mundhirika, a 2010 Tamil comedy film
KKM, a song by the music group Miracle Legion from their 1996 album Portrait of a Damaged Family |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CompHEP | CompHEP is a software package for automatic computations in high energy physics from Lagrangians to collision events or particle decays.
CompHEP is based on quantum theory of gauge fields, namely it uses the technique of squared Feynman diagrams at the tree-level approximation. By default, CompHEP includes the Standard Model Lagrangian in the unitarity and 't Hooft-Feynman gauges and several MSSM models. However users can create new physical models, based on different Lagrangians. There is a special tool for that - LanHEP. CompHEP is able to compute basically the LO cross sections and distributions with several particles in the final state (up to 6-7). It can take into account, if necessary, all QCD and EW diagrams, masses of fermions and bosons and widths of unstable particles. Processes computed by means of CompHEP can be interfaced to the Monte-Carlo generators PYTHIA and HERWIG as new external processes.
The CompHEP project started in 1989 in Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics (SINP) of Moscow State University. During the 1990s this package was developed, and now it is a powerful tool for automatic computations of collision processes. The CompHEP program has been used in the past for many studies in many experimental groups as shown schematically in the scheme
Due to an intuitive graphical interface CompHEP is a very useful tool for education in particle and nuclear physics.
External links
official CompHEP page
manual for version 3.3
Skobeltsyn Institute of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAT%20Subject%20Test%20in%20Mathematics%20Level%201 | The SAT Subject Test in Mathematics Level 1 (formerly known as Math I or MathIC (the "C" representing the use of a calculator)) was the name of a one-hour multiple choice test given on algebra, geometry, basic trigonometry, algebraic functions, elementary statistics and basic foundations of calculus by The College Board. A student chose whether to take the test depending upon college entrance requirements for the schools in which the student is planning to apply. Until 1994, the SAT Subject Tests were known as Achievement Tests; and from 1995 until January 2005, they were known as SAT IIs. Mathematics Level 1 was taken 109,048 times in 2006. The SAT Subject Test in Mathematics Level 2 covered more advanced content.
On January 19, 2021, the College Board discontinued all SAT Subject tests, including the SAT Subject Test in Mathematics Level 1. This was effective immediately in the United States, and the tests were to be phased out by the following summer for international students. This was done as a response to changes in college admissions due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education.
Format
The test had 50 multiple choice questions that were to be answered in one hour. All questions had five answer choices. Students received 1 point for every correct answer, lost ¼ of a point for each incorrect answer, and received 0 points for questions left blank.
The questions covered a broad range of topics. Approximately 10-14% of questions focused on Numbers and Ope |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood%20Control%20Act%20of%201941 | The Flood Control Act of 1941 was an Act of the United States Congress signed into law by US President Franklin Roosevelt that authorized civil engineering projects such as dams, levees, dikes, and other flood control measures through the United States Army Corps of Engineers and other Federal agencies. It is one of a number of Flood Control Acts that is passed nearly annually by the US Congress.
Projects
Dams
Kinzua Dam (begun in 1960, completed in 1965)
Fort Gibson Dam (begun in 1941, completed in 1949)
Allatoona Dam (begun in 1946, completed in 1950)
Stormwater control
Construction of mandatory storm drains and flood control channels throughout the city of Los Angeles in the wake of the Los Angeles Flood of 1938.
See also
Water Resources Development Act
Rivers and Harbors Act
for related legislation which sometime also implement flood control provisions.
1941 in the environment
1941 in American law
1941 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Output-sensitive%20algorithm | In computer science, an output-sensitive algorithm is an algorithm whose running time depends on the size of the output, instead of, or in addition to, the size of the input. For certain problems where the output size varies widely, for example from linear in the size of the input to quadratic in the size of the input, analyses that take the output size explicitly into account can produce better runtime bounds that differentiate algorithms that would otherwise have identical asymptotic complexity.
Examples
Division by subtraction
A simple example of an output-sensitive algorithm is given by the division algorithm division by subtraction which computes the quotient and remainder of dividing two positive integers using only addition, subtraction, and comparisons:
def divide(number: int, divisor: int) -> Tuple[int, int]:
"""Division by subtraction."""
if divisor == 0:
raise ZeroDivisionError
if number < 1 or divisor < 1:
raise ValueError(
f"Positive integers only for "
f"dividend ({number}) and divisor ({divisor})."
)
q = 0
r = number
while r >= divisor:
q += 1
r -= divisor
return q, r
Example output:
>>> divide(10, 2)
(5, 0)
>>> divide(10, 3)
(3, 1)
This algorithm takes Θ(Q) time, and so can be fast in scenarios where the quotient Q is known to be small. In cases where Q is large however, it is outperformed by more complex algorithms such as long division.
Computational geometry |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Medical%20Repository | The Medical Repository was the first American medical journal, founded in 1797 and published quarterly, with some interruptions, through 1824. It was printed by T. & J. Swords, printers to the physics faculty at Columbia College in New York City.
The journal's founding editors were Elihu Hubbard Smith, Samuel L. Mitchill, and Edward Miller. Smith edited the journal until his death in 1798, and Miller until his death in 1812, with Mitchill leaving his editorship after 1821; the final volumes were edited by James R. Manley and Charles Drake. The journal filled a vacuum in medical literature in the early United States, as most medical publications were European and difficult to obtain; the great demand for the journal is attested by the fact that its first two volumes were each reprinted twice, in 1800 and 1804.
References
Defunct journals of the United States
Publications established in 1797
Publications disestablished in 1824
Quarterly journals
English-language journals
General medical journals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynkin%27s%20formula | In mathematics — specifically, in stochastic analysis — Dynkin's formula is a theorem giving the expected value of any suitably smooth statistic of an Itō diffusion at a stopping time. It may be seen as a stochastic generalization of the (second) fundamental theorem of calculus. It is named after the Russian mathematician Eugene Dynkin.
Statement of the theorem
Let X be the Rn-valued Itō diffusion solving the stochastic differential equation
For a point x ∈ Rn, let Px denote the law of X given initial datum X0 = x, and let Ex denote expectation with respect to Px.
Let A be the infinitesimal generator of X, defined by its action on compactly-supported C2 (twice differentiable with continuous second derivative) functions f : Rn → R as
or, equivalently,
Let τ be a stopping time with Ex[τ] < +∞, and let f be C2 with compact support. Then Dynkin's formula holds:
In fact, if τ is the first exit time for a bounded set B ⊂ Rn with Ex[τ] < +∞, then Dynkin's formula holds for all C2 functions f, without the assumption of compact support.
Example
Dynkin's formula can be used to find the expected first exit time τK of Brownian motion B from the closed ball
which, when B starts at a point a in the interior of K, is given by
Choose an integer j. The strategy is to apply Dynkin's formula with X = B, τ = σj = min(j, τK), and a compactly-supported C2 f with f(x) = |x|2 on K. The generator of Brownian motion is Δ/2, where Δ denotes the Laplacian operator. Therefore, by Dynkin's formu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Hinch%20%28mathematician%29 | Edward John Hinch (born 4 March 1947) is a Professor of fluid dynamics at the University of Cambridge, and fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.
His research covers a wide range of fluid dynamics, including micro-hydrodynamics, colloidal dispersion, flow through porous media, polymer rheology and non-Newtonian fluid dynamics. He also works on industrial problems involving fluid dynamics, including collaborating with experimental groups in Paris, Marseille and Toulouse. He lectures undergraduates at the University of Cambridge, is a Director of Studies for Trinity College, and supervises PhD students.
John Hinch has published more than a hundred papers on fluid dynamics. Since 1997 he has been a Fellow of the Royal Society and he is also a Knight of the Ordre National du Mérite of France and a Fellow of the American Physical Society. In 2012, Hinch was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for contributions to the mechanics of fluids, suspensions, and polymeric liquids and to industrial processes.
External links
John Hinch's Cambridge Homepage
John Hinch on the Mathematics Genealogy Project
1947 births
Living people
20th-century British mathematicians
21st-century British mathematicians
Rheologists
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge
Fellows of the Royal Society
Cambridge mathematicians
Fluid dynamicists
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Engineering |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloch%20oscillation | Bloch oscillation is a phenomenon from solid state physics. It describes the oscillation of a particle (e.g. an electron) confined in a periodic potential when a constant force is acting on it.
It was first pointed out by Felix Bloch and Clarence Zener while studying the electrical properties of crystals. In particular, they predicted that the motion of electrons in a perfect crystal under the action of a constant electric field would be oscillatory instead of uniform. While in natural crystals this phenomenon is extremely hard to observe due to the scattering of electrons by lattice defects, it has been observed in semiconductor superlattices and in different physical systems such as cold atoms in an optical potential and ultrasmall Josephson junctions.
Derivation
The one-dimensional equation of motion for an electron with wave vector in a constant electric field is:
which has the solution
The group velocity of the electron is given by
where denotes the dispersion relation for the given energy band.
Suppose that the latter has the (tight-binding) form
where is the lattice parameter and is a constant. Then is given by
and the electron position can be computed as a function of time:
This shows that the electron oscillates in real space. The angular frequency of the oscillations is given by .
Discovery and experimental realizations
Bloch oscillations were predicted by Nobel laureate Felix Bloch in 1929. However, they were not experimentally observed for a lon |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tara%20Lynne%20O%27Neill | Tara Lynne O'Neill (born 18 September 1975) is a film, theatre and television actress from Northern Ireland.
Early life
During her childhood she aspired to become a dentist, but abandoned this after failing her General Certificate of Secondary Education in Chemistry. At sixth-form college she opted for a career in acting.
Career
Film and television
O'Neill started work as a television presenter on Saturday Disney from 1993 to 1996. She was also a main presenter on The Over the Wall Gang, a young people's television show from BBC Northern Ireland. She later played Joanne Ryan in EastEnders between 20 September 2002 and 21 August 2003.
O'Neill also appeared in film roles such as the town's seductress in The Most Fertile Man in Ireland (1999), and as Claire McKee in Wild About Harry (2000). Between 2013 and 2016 she appeared in The Fall. In 2018, she joined the main cast of Derry Girls as Mary Quinn. The second series of Derry Girls premiered on 5 March 2019.
Her other roles include The Informant (1997), Disco Pigs (2001), Full Circle and Omagh (2004).
Stage
In addition to television and film, at the age of 19 she appeared on stage at the Grand Opera House in Belfast as Sandy in a production of the musical Grease.
In 2006 O'Neill appeared as Rita in a theatre production of Educating Rita staged at the Lyric Theatre in Belfast.
In 2021 she wrote and starred in Rough Girls, a play about women's football in Belfast in 1917–21; it was aired on BBC Four in 2022.
References
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisan%20Mehta | Kisan Mehta (31 August 1924 – 7 March 2015) was an Indian activist and President of Save Bombay Committee and Prakruti, nonprofits based in India.
Biography
Kisan Mehta was born on 31 August 1924. He has a BA Hons in History & Economics, a LL.B from the Bombay University and Diplomas in Electrical Engineering and Prestressed Concrete. He was a Freedom Fighter participating in the Quit India Movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1942. During this struggle he was arrested and imprisoned in the Yervada Central Prison, Pune for eight months in 1943.
Indian National Exhibition
On release from the prison in 1943, he conceived and developed the Indian National Exhibition depicting the history of the Indian peoples' struggle for freedom beginning with the First War of Independence in 1857 and ending with the Quit India movement that culminated in Indians getting freedom on 15 August 1947. The exhibition of posters, illustrations, translates was first inaugurated by Jayaprakash Narayan on the eve of independence in May 1947. The Exhibition toured the country including would be Pakistan areas during the years 1947–50 to be inaugurated by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Maulana Azad, Achyut Patwardan, Kamala Devi, etc., at various locations in India viewed by about 5 million visitors.
Himalaya Hamara exhibition
He conceived and completed "Himalaya Hamara Exhibition" in 1963 at the time of the Sino-Indian War depicting the importance of the Himalaya to India a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadaf%20Educational%20Group | Hadaf Educational Group (, "Goruh-e Farhangi-e Hadaf") was a pioneering private educational complex, founded in Tehran in 1949. The founders include Ahmad Birashk, and a number of well-known high school teachers of mathematics and natural sciences, including Ahmad Anwari, Taqi Hurfar, Ali Motemadden and Ahmad Reza Qoli-Zade.
History
The name Hadaf (English: goal) also served as an acronym in Persian for honar (art); danesh (science), and farhang (culture). The main objective of the Group was to offer high quality education from elementary to high school, comparable to that of American preparatory schools.
Hadaf's first boys' high school (Dabirestan-e yak-e pesaran-e Hadaf) was established in 1951. In 1955 three new schools were added: a girls' high school, a boys elementary school and another elementary school for girls. By 1974 Hadaf schools were expanded to 12 elementary, intermediary, and high schools for boys and girls, including a coed primary school with a total of 3,524 students. In 1974, when the government initiated national mandatory free education for all students from primary to the end of intermediary grades (8th grade), three elementary and four intermediary schools of the Hadaf Group were transferred to the public school system. From 1951 to 1976, a total of 15,588 students had graduated from Hadaf high schools: 8,596 in mathematics branch, 6,960 in natural sciences, and only 32 in humanities. The overwhelming majority of Hadaf graduates continued their high |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod%20Campbell | Rod Campbell (born 4 May 1945) is a Scottish author and illustrator of several popular children's books including the classic lift-the-flap board book Dear Zoo.
Born in Scotland in 1945, he was brought up in Zimbabwe and returned to Britain where he completed a doctorate in organic chemistry. In 1980 he became involved in children's publishing where he began designing innovative books with interactive elements and repetitive phrases.
In 1987 he founded Campbell Blackie Books in partnership with his publisher Blackie. Campbell Books (as it became in 1989) was sold in 1995 to Macmillan Publishers.
Dear Zoo
Campbell's most famous work is Dear Zoo, first published in 1982. Campbell says that he was inspired by seeing other early lift-the-flap books, such as Spot the Dog, and wanted to incorporate the flaps into a story so that they made sense. He then thought of explorers sending animals to zoos years ago in crates, and hit upon the structure of each flap being a container holding a different animal.
Enormously popular among the under 5s in Britain, the book has been translated into Albanian, Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Persian, French, Gujarati, Hindi, Panjabi, Portuguese, Russian, Simplified Chinese, Somali, Spanish, Turkish, Urdu, and Vietnamese, as well as being published in a number of formats and alongside various merchandise.
A spin-off Christmas title, Dear Santa, was first published in 2004 and follows the same format, with different gifts being considered by Santa h |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanaka%20equation | In mathematics, Tanaka's equation is an example of a stochastic differential equation which admits a weak solution but has no strong solution. It is named after the Japanese mathematician Hiroshi Tanaka (Tanaka Hiroshi).
Tanaka's equation is the one-dimensional stochastic differential equation
driven by canonical Brownian motion B, with initial condition X0 = 0, where sgn denotes the sign function
(Note the unconventional value for sgn(0).) The signum function does not satisfy the Lipschitz continuity condition required for the usual theorems guaranteeing existence and uniqueness of strong solutions. The Tanaka equation has no strong solution, i.e. one for which the version B of Brownian motion is given in advance and the solution X is adapted to the filtration generated by B and the initial conditions. However, the Tanaka equation does have a weak solution, one for which the process X and version of Brownian motion are both specified as part of the solution, rather than the Brownian motion being given a priori. In this case, simply choose X to be any Brownian motion and define by
i.e.
Hence,
and so X is a weak solution of the Tanaka equation. Furthermore, this solution is weakly unique, i.e. any other weak solution must have the same law.
Another counterexample of this type is Tsirelson's stochastic differential equation.
References
(Example 5.3.2)
Stochastic differential equations |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%C3%B4%20diffusion | In mathematics – specifically, in stochastic analysis – an Itô diffusion is a solution to a specific type of stochastic differential equation. That equation is similar to the Langevin equation used in physics to describe the Brownian motion of a particle subjected to a potential in a viscous fluid. Itô diffusions are named after the Japanese mathematician Kiyosi Itô.
Overview
A (time-homogeneous) Itô diffusion in n-dimensional Euclidean space Rn is a process X : [0, +∞) × Ω → Rn defined on a probability space (Ω, Σ, P) and satisfying a stochastic differential equation of the form
where B is an m-dimensional Brownian motion and b : Rn → Rn and σ : Rn → Rn×m satisfy the usual Lipschitz continuity condition
for some constant C and all x, y ∈ Rn; this condition ensures the existence of a unique strong solution X to the stochastic differential equation given above. The vector field b is known as the drift coefficient of X; the matrix field σ is known as the diffusion coefficient of X. It is important to note that b and σ do not depend upon time; if they were to depend upon time, X would be referred to only as an Itô process, not a diffusion. Itô diffusions have a number of nice properties, which include
sample and Feller continuity;
the Markov property;
the strong Markov property;
the existence of an infinitesimal generator;
the existence of a characteristic operator;
Dynkin's formula.
In particular, an Itô diffusion is a continuous, strongly Markovian process such th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexicon%20Pharmaceuticals | Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company developing treatments for human disease. The company was founded in 1995 in The Woodlands, Texas under the name Lexicon Genetics, Incorporated by co-founders Professor Allan Bradley, FRS and Professor Bradley's postdoctoral fellow Arthur T Sands. The company has used its patented mouse gene knockout technology and extensive in vivo screening capabilities to study nearly 5,000 genes in its Genome5000 program and has identified over 100 potential therapeutic targets. Lexicon has advanced multiple drug candidates into human clinical trials and has a broad and diverse pipeline of drug targets behind its clinical programs. Lexicon is pursuing drug targets in five therapeutic areas including oncology, gastroenterology, immunology, metabolism, and ophthalmology.
The company's clinical drug candidates include sotagliflozin (LX4211) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes; LX1033 for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and other gastrointestinal disorders; telotristat ethyl (LX1032) for the treatment of the symptoms associated with carcinoid syndrome; and LX2931 for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Company history
Lexicon Pharmaceuticals was founded in September 1995 as a biotech venture of Baylor College of Medicine. The company went public in April 2000 with one of the largest initial public offerings in biotech history ($220 million). In June, 2001 Lexicon purchased a privately ow |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic%20measure | In mathematics, especially potential theory, harmonic measure is a concept related to the theory of harmonic functions that arises from the solution of the classical Dirichlet problem. In probability theory, the harmonic measure of a subset of the boundary of a bounded domain in Euclidean space , is the probability that a Brownian motion started inside a domain hits that subset of the boundary. More generally, harmonic measure of an Itō diffusion X describes the distribution of X as it hits the boundary of D. In the complex plane, harmonic measure can be used to estimate the modulus of an analytic function inside a domain D given bounds on the modulus on the boundary of the domain; a special case of this principle is Hadamard's three-circle theorem. On simply connected planar domains, there is a close connection between harmonic measure and the theory of conformal maps.
The term harmonic measure was introduced by Rolf Nevanlinna in 1928 for planar domains, although Nevanlinna notes the idea appeared implicitly in earlier work by Johansson, F. Riesz, M. Riesz, Carleman, Ostrowski and Julia (original order cited). The connection between harmonic measure and Brownian motion was first identified by Kakutani ten years later in 1944.
Definition
Let D be a bounded, open domain in n-dimensional Euclidean space Rn, n ≥ 2, and let ∂D denote the boundary of D. Any continuous function f : ∂D → R determines a unique harmonic function Hf that solves the Dirichlet problem
If a point |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massimo%20Porrati | Massimo Porrati (born 1961 in Genova, Italy) is a professor of physics and a member of the Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics at New York University. He graduated from the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Italy with a "Diploma di Scienze" degree in 1985. Later he worked as a postdoctoral fellow at UCLA and UC Berkeley in the USA. He was a research scientist at the INFN section in Pisa, Italy, in collaboration with CERN, where he over the years has spent several periods, before joining NYU in 1992. His major research interests are string theory, supersymmetry and supergravity, nonperturbative aspects of strings and quantum field theory, and cosmology.
Among other things, Porrati is known for his work on the large-distance modification of gravity and its application to the cosmological constant problem. With Gia Dvali and Gregory Gabadadze he co-pioneered and advanced this direction by proposing a generally covariant model of infrared modification of gravity (the so-called DGP model), and studying many novel and subtle features of this class of models.
Porrati held the Marie Curie Chair (2005–2007) at the Theoretical Physics Group in the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Italy. Massimo was featured on a video produced by the Wired YouTube channel titled 'Theoretical Physicist Brian Greene Explains Time in 5 Levels of Difficulty'.
References
External links
Scientific publications of Massimo Porrati on INSPIRE-HEP
on Wired (magazine)
Living people
Italian string the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas%20Science%20and%20Natural%20History%20Museum | The Texas Science & Natural History Museum is located on the campus of the University of Texas at Austin in Austin, Texas, U.S. It opened as the Texas Memorial Museum during preparations for the Texas Centennial Exposition held in 1936. The museum's focus is on natural history, including paleontology, geology, biology, herpetology, ichthyology and entomology. The Texas Memorial Museum building was designed in the Art Deco style by John F. Staub, with Paul Cret as supervising architect. Ground was broken for the building by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in January 1936. The museum was opened on January 15, 1939.
The museum won "Best of Austin" awards from the Austin Chronicle in 2002, 2005, and 2012.
The museum had exhibits on Texas history, anthropology, geography, and ethnography, but these were relocated to other museums (including the Bullock Texas State History Museum) in 2001. In October 2013, Linda Hicke, the dean of Austin's College of Natural Sciences, cut the museum's funding by $400,000.
The museum closed in 2022 for extensive renovations. It underwent a re-branding and became Texas Science & Natural History Museum. The museum reopened on September 23, 2023.
Wichita County Meteorite
In 1723, the Comanche defeated the Lipan Apache people in a nine-day battle along the Rio del Fierro (Wichita River). The River of Iron may be the location written about by Athanase De Mezieres in 1772, containing "a mass of metal which the Indians say is hard, thick, heavy, and c |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Increment%20theorem | In nonstandard analysis, a field of mathematics, the increment theorem states the following: Suppose a function is differentiable at and that is infinitesimal. Then
for some infinitesimal , where
If then we may write
which implies that , or in other words that is infinitely close to , or is the standard part of .
A similar theorem exists in standard Calculus. Again assume that is differentiable, but now let be a nonzero standard real number. Then the same equation
holds with the same definition of , but instead of being infinitesimal, we have
(treating and as given so that is a function of alone).
See also
Nonstandard calculus
Elementary Calculus: An Infinitesimal Approach
Abraham Robinson
Taylor's theorem
References
Howard Jerome Keisler: Elementary Calculus: An Infinitesimal Approach. First edition 1976; 2nd edition 1986. This book is now out of print. The publisher has reverted the copyright to the author, who has made available the 2nd edition in .pdf format available for downloading at http://www.math.wisc.edu/~keisler/calc.html
Theorems in calculus
Nonstandard analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Cruickshank%20%28chemist%29 | William Cruickshank (born circa 1740 or 1750, died 1810 or 1811) was a Scottish military surgeon and chemist, and professor of chemistry at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich.
William Cruickshank was awarded a diploma by the Royal College of Surgeons of England on 5 October 1780. In March 1788 he became assistant to Adair Crawford at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, at a salary of £30 a year. On 24 June 1802, he became a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS).
Discoveries and inventions
He identified carbon monoxide as a compound containing carbon and oxygen in 1800. In 1800 he also used chlorine to purify water. He also discovered the chloralkali process.
Strontium
Some authors credit Cruickshank with first suspecting an unknown substance in a Scottish mineral, strontianite, found near Strontian, in Argyleshire. Other authors name Adair Crawford for the discovery of this new earth, due to the mineral's property of imparting a redding color to a flame. It was later isolated by Humphry Davy and is now known as strontium.
Diabetes
Cruickshank worked with John Rollo at Woolwich in the 1790s, and some of his discoveries about diabetes were published in Rollo's book on the dietary treatment of the condition. This research led him to isolate urea in 1798, though his priority was not recognised at the time.
Trough battery
Circa 1800, Cruickshank invented the Trough battery, an improvement on Alessandro Volta's voltaic pile. The plates were arranged horizontally in a trough |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertial%20supercharging%20effect | The inertial supercharging effect is the increase of volumetric efficiency in the cylinder of an engine.
Background
The internal combustion engine is the most common engine found in mechanical devices across the world. The engine is powered by an air/gasoline mixture and the physics principles of heat and pressure.
Overview
Inertial supercharging effect is the result of incoming fuel/air charge developing momentum greater than intake stroke would generate alone. It is achieved by the
careful design of the shape of the piston head, the valves and cam profile/valve timing which creates a vacuum that pulls more exhaust gases (and some of the intake gasses) out of the engine. This is immediately followed by a reflected pressure wave timed to force the extra intake gasses back into the cylinder, thus achieving a greater mass of air/fuel mix in the combustion chamber than possible with conventional methods. Expansion chambers only work well at a narrow engine speed range which is why two stroke engines are referred to as having a "powerband". Since the early 1980s exhaust powervalves have been developed which have the effect of altering the timing and/or volume of the expansion chamber, greatly improving the spread of power of high output two stroke engines.
The idea behind this effect is that if more pressure is created within the cylinder, the faster the piston will be able to move. The volumetric efficiency is maximized to increase the amount of air/fuel mixture in the c |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Contortionist%27s%20Handbook | The Contortionist's Handbook is the debut novel by American novelist Craig Clevenger.
Plot summary
John Dolan Vincent is a talented young forger with a proclivity for mathematics and drug addiction. In the face of his impending institutionalization, he continually reinvents himself to escape the legal and mental health authorities and to save himself from a life of incarceration. But running turns out to be costly. Vincent's clients in the L.A. underworld lose patience, the hospital evaluator may not be fooled by his story, and the only person in as much danger as himself is the woman who knows his real name.
Characters
John Dolan Vincent
Daniel John Fletcher:
Brian Delvine: The alias Vincent used while living in Los Angeles. He then became Martin Kelly to cover up traffic warrants, an eviction, and a drug screening.
Martin Kelly: "Born to" Liam and Fiona Kelly, a deceased couple that Vincent had picked out of The Boston Globe.
Paul MacIntyre: The identity Vincent created for the son of a stripper that had left and taken her son to live in Virginia before all of the paperwork could get pushed through.
Keara/Molly Wheeler
"The Evaluator"
Jeremy
Shelly
Mom
Dad
Officer Durrell
Brett A childhood neighbor to Vincent, first seen meticulously cutting the front lawn while being berated by his mother. Eventually he is found to be visiting the same psychiatric doctor's office that the young John Dolan Vincent went to for treatment of his headaches. Brett is later |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipole%20moment | Dipole moment may refer to:
Electric dipole moment, the measure of the electrical polarity of a system of charges
Transition dipole moment, the electrical dipole moment in quantum mechanics
Molecular dipole moment, the electric dipole moment of a molecule.
Bond dipole moment, the measure of polarity of a chemical bond
Electron electric dipole moment, the measure of the charge distribution within an electron
Magnetic dipole moment, the measure of the magnetic polarity of a system of charges
Electron magnetic moment
Nuclear magnetic moment, the magnetic moment of an atomic nucleus
Topological dipole moment, the measure of the topological defect charge distribution
The first order term (or the second term) of the multipole expansion of a function
The dielectric constant of a solvent; the measure of its capacity to break the covalent molecules into ions
See also
Dipole (disambiguation)
Moment (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-myc%20mRNA | C-myc mRNA is a type of mRNA that serves as a template for the MYC protein which is implicated in the rapid growth of cancer cells. This mRNA is a topic of ongoing research to investigate the viability of preventing cancer growth by cleaving or degrading the c-myc mRNA.
See also
C-myc
References
RNA
Molecular biology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan%20Zhegalkin | Ivan Ivanovich Zhegalkin (; 3 August 1869, Mtsensk – 28 March 1947, Moscow) was a Russian and Soviet mathematician. He is best known for his formulation of Boolean algebra as the theory of the ring of integers mod 2, via what are now called Zhegalkin polynomials.
Zhegalkin was professor of mathematics at Moscow State University. He helped found the thriving mathematical logic group there, which became the Department of Mathematical Logic established by Sofya Yanovskaya in 1959. Reminiscing on his student days, Nikolai Luzin recalls Zhegalkin as the only professor he was not afraid of.
References
(NB. German translation of булевы алгебры, 1969.)
(NB. Circulation: 1000.)
External links
http://letopis.msu.ru/peoples/923
1869 births
1947 deaths
Mathematicians from the Russian Empire
People from Mtsensk
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Soviet logicians
Soviet mathematicians
Burials at Vagankovo Cemetery |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray%20William%20Clough | Ray William Clough, (July 23, 1920 – October 8, 2016), was Byron L. and Elvira E. Nishkian Professor of structural engineering in the department of civil engineering at the University of California, Berkeley and one of the founders of the finite element method (FEM). His article in 1956 was one of the first applications of this computational method. He coined the term “finite elements” in an article in 1960. He was born in Seattle.
In the Fall, 2008 Clough was recognized as a “Legend of Earthquake Engineering” at the World Conference of Earthquake Engineering in China. Clough was known for his work in the field of earthquake engineering, and credited with the development and application of a mathematical method, finite element analysis, that has revolutionized numerical modeling of the physical world. Dr. Clough extended the method to enable dynamic analysis of complex structures and co-authored the definitive text on structural dynamics. Three decades later, this text is still in wide use. He also transformed the field through the development of fundamental theories, computational techniques, and experimental methods. During his almost 40 years at Berkeley he taught, advised, and mentored numerous students.
Clough was professor emeritus of civil and environmental engineering at the University of California, Berkeley. He is credited with developing the Earthquake Engineering Research Center at Berkeley, a hub for analytical engineering research, information resources, and p |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20problems%20in%20loop%20theory%20and%20quasigroup%20theory | In mathematics, especially abstract algebra, loop theory and quasigroup theory are active research areas with many open problems. As in other areas of mathematics, such problems are often made public at professional conferences and meetings. Many of the problems posed here first appeared in the Loops (Prague) conferences and the Mile High (Denver) conferences.
Open problems (Moufang loops)
Abelian by cyclic groups resulting in Moufang loops
Let L be a Moufang loop with normal abelian subgroup (associative subloop) M of odd order such that L/M is a cyclic group of order bigger than 3. (i) Is L a group? (ii) If the orders of M and L/M are relatively prime, is L a group?
Proposed: by Michael Kinyon, based on (Chein and Rajah, 2000)
Comments: The assumption that L/M has order bigger than 3 is important, as there is a (commutative) Moufang loop L of order 81 with normal commutative subgroup of order 27.
Embedding CMLs of period 3 into alternative algebras
Conjecture: Any finite commutative Moufang loop of period 3 can be embedded into a commutative alternative algebra.
Proposed: by Alexander Grishkov at Loops '03, Prague 2003
Frattini subloop for Moufang loops
Conjecture: Let L be a finite Moufang loop and Φ(L) the intersection of all maximal subloops of L. Then Φ(L) is a normal nilpotent subloop of L.
Proposed: by Alexander Grishkov at Loops '11, Třešť 2011
Minimal presentations for loops M(G,2)
For a group , define on x by
, , , . Find a minimal presentation for the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth%20Devine%20%28writer%29 | Elizabeth Devine (born Elizabeth Kornblum in 1961) is an American crime scene investigator, notable as a writer and co-producer of the crime drama CSI: Crime Scene Investigation.
Education
Devine holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Biology from UCLA and a Master of Science degree in Criminalistics from CSULA.
Career
Criminalist
Devine joined the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department immediately after receiving her degree in criminalistics in 1985. She became trained in crime scene investigation a year later and in that capacity worked on some of L.A.’s most high-profile murder investigations. As a member of a panel of experts brought together by Attorney General Janet Reno, Devine contributed to the publication of a booklet entitled "Crime Scene Investigation: A Guide for Law Enforcement", a review of the fundamental principles of investigating crime scenes and preserving evidence. She became Supervising Criminalist, head of the Crime Scene program and co-supervisor of the DNA unit. She also provided training in the fields of homicide investigation, sexual assault investigation and crime scene reconstruction.
Television
As a criminalist and Crime Scene expert, Devine had a chance to work in the film industry as technical adviser. When after 15 years with LASD she retired from her work as a crime scene investigator, she joined the team for the show CSI : Crime Scene Investigation, first as a technical consultant, and later as writer and co-executive producer. She was n |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanox | Tanox was a biopharmaceutical company based in Houston, Texas. The company was founded by two biomedical research scientists, Nancy T. Chang and Tse Wen Chang in March 1986 with $250,000, which was a large part of their family savings at that time. Both Changs grew up and received college education in chemistry in National Tsing Hua University in Taiwan and obtained Ph.D. degrees from Harvard University. For postdoctoral training, Tse Wen shifted to immunology and did research with Herman N. Eisen at the Center for Cancer Research, M.I.T. The two Changs successively became research managers and worked with a range of monoclonal antibody projects in Centocor, Inc. based in Malvern, Pennsylvania, from 1981 to 1985. The Changs were recruited by Baylor College of Medicine toward the end of 1985 and offered faculty positions in the Division of Molecular Virology. Soon after their arrival, they were encouraged by a high-ranking Baylor official and local business leaders to start a biotech venture in Houston. This was in a period of time when the economy of Houston was in slump as the result of the collapse of the oil industry.
The Changs rented a corner of about 2000 square feet in a large empty warehouse building on Stella Link Road, located four miles away from the Texas Medical Center, and built laboratories. In 1987, Tanox obtained a $4 million cash infusion from the legendary biotech venture capitalist and investor, Moshe Alafi, who was a founding investor of Cetus, Amgen, Bi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation%20of%20mechanism%20and%20policy | The separation of mechanism and policy is a design principle in computer science. It states that mechanisms (those parts of a system implementation that control the authorization of operations and the allocation of resources) should not dictate (or overly restrict) the policies according to which decisions are made about which operations to authorize, and which resources to allocate.
While most commonly discussed in the context of security mechanisms (authentication and authorization), separation of mechanism and policy is applicable to a range of resource allocation
problems (e.g. CPU scheduling, memory allocation, quality of service) as well as the design of software abstractions.
Per Brinch Hansen introduced the concept of separation of policy and mechanism in operating systems in the RC 4000 multiprogramming system. Artsy and Livny, in a 1987 paper, discussed an approach for an operating system design having an "extreme separation of mechanism and policy". In a 2000 article, Chervenak et al. described the principles of mechanism neutrality and policy neutrality.
Rationale and implications
The separation of mechanism and policy is the fundamental approach of a microkernel that distinguishes it from a monolithic one. In a microkernel, the majority of operating system services are provided by user-level server processes.<ref>Raphael Finkel, Michael L. Scott, Artsy Y. and Chang, H. [www.cs.rochester.edu/u/scott/papers/1989_IEEETSE_Charlotte.pdf Experience with Charlotte: |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%20measure | In mathematics — specifically, in stochastic analysis — the Green measure is a measure associated to an Itō diffusion. There is an associated Green formula representing suitably smooth functions in terms of the Green measure and first exit times of the diffusion. The concepts are named after the British mathematician George Green and are generalizations of the classical Green's function and Green formula to the stochastic case using Dynkin's formula.
Notation
Let X be an Rn-valued Itō diffusion satisfying an Itō stochastic differential equation of the form
Let Px denote the law of X given the initial condition X0 = x, and let Ex denote expectation with respect to Px. Let LX be the infinitesimal generator of X, i.e.
Let D ⊆ Rn be an open, bounded domain; let τD be the first exit time of X from D:
The Green measure
Intuitively, the Green measure of a Borel set H (with respect to a point x and domain D) is the expected length of time that X, having started at x, stays in H before it leaves the domain D. That is, the Green measure of X with respect to D at x, denoted G(x, ·), is defined for Borel sets H ⊆ Rn by
or for bounded, continuous functions f : D → R by
The name "Green measure" comes from the fact that if X is Brownian motion, then
where G(x, y) is Green's function for the operator LX (which, in the case of Brownian motion, is ½Δ, where Δ is the Laplace operator) on the domain D.
The Green formula
Suppose that Ex[τD] < +∞ for all x ∈ D, and let f : Rn → R be |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20F.%20Dezendorf | John Frederick Dezendorf (August 10, 1834 – June 22, 1894) was a U.S. representative from Virginia.
Biography
Born in Lansingburgh, New York, Dezendorf pursued an academic course.
Learned the carpenter's trade.
He studied architecture and civil engineering.
He engaged in railroad and other building at Toledo and Cleveland, Ohio from 1850 to 1860, and later, from 1860 to 1862, in mercantile pursuits.
He moved to Norfolk, Virginia, in 1863 and engaged in the shipping business until 1866.
Surveyor of Norfolk City and County 1866–1869.
He served as assistant assessor of the United States internal revenue from September 9, 1870, to August 6, 1872.
Appraiser of merchandise at the Norfolk customhouse from August 7, 1872, until the position was abolished in 1877.
He served as delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1876.
He was an unsuccessful Republican candidate for election in 1878 to the Forty-sixth Congress.
Dezendorf was elected as a Republican to the Forty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1881 – March 3, 1883).
He engaged in the construction business.
He died in Norfolk, Virginia, June 22, 1894.
He was interred in Elmwood Cemetery.
Elections
1878; Dezendorf lost his first bid for election to the U.S. House of Representatives to Democrat John Goode, Jr.
1880; Dezendorf won election to the U.S. House of Representatives defeating Democrat Goode and Readjuster Benjamin W. Lacy, winning 52.6% of the vote.
References
1834 births
1894 deaths
Republican Party members of the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Turnbull%20%28materials%20scientist%29 | David Turnbull (February 18, 1915 – April 28, 2007) was an American physical chemist who worked in the interdisciplinary fields of materials science and applied physics. Turnbull made seminal contribution to solidification theory and glass formation. Turnbull was born in Elmira, Elmira Township, Stark County, Illinois. He graduated from high school in 1932 and then received a bachelor's degree in 1936 from Monmouth College (Illinois), specializing in physical chemistry. He received his Ph.D. in physical chemistry under Thomas Erwin Phipps from the University of Illinois in 1939. He was on the faculty of Case Institute of Technology from 1939 to 1946 before eventually becoming a professor at Harvard University.
In 1946, he joined the General Electric research laboratory, performing research into nucleation of structural transformations occurring during the solidification of liquid metals, demonstrating that such complex processes could be quantitatively understood. Using a low-melting-point metal, mercury, Turnbull determined that the small supercoolings usually seen were the result of heterogeneous catalysts in the melt. When liquid mercury is dispersed as small droplets, large supercoolings could be achieved. The previously empirical study of metal solidification was provided a consistent scientific foundation.
Turnbull and his General Electric colleagues developed metal alloy processing. Turner and I. S. Servi developed homogeneous nucleation theory for a solid-solid |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%20Nimmer | Raymond Theodore Nimmer (19442018) was an attorney and former dean of the University of Houston Law Center in Houston, Texas.
Biography
Education and early life
Raymond T. Nimmer was born in Illinois May 2, 1944. He received a B.A. in mathematics in 1966 from Valparaiso University. He received a J.D. degree which was awarded with distinction in 1968 from Valparaiso University Law School
Career
Nimmer’s field of expertise was in intellectual property law. After graduating from law school in 1968, he worked as a Research Attorney at the American Bar Foundation from 1968 to 1975.
In 1975, Nimmer began teaching at the University of Houston Law Center. He was named associate dean in 1978. In 2006, he became dean of the law school. During his law school career, he took particular interest in making the Houston Law Review financially stable. He stepped down as dean in early 2013 citing health concerns and a feeling that he had accomplished the goals he had set out in his deanship. He was the Leonard H. Childs Professor of Law at Houston. He was also a Distinguished Chair in Residence at Universidad Catholica in Lisbon, Portugal.
Nimmer served of counsel at two Houston law firms: at Sheinfeld, Maley and Kay from 1985 to 1991 and at Weil, Gotshal & Manges from 1992 to 1999. He was admitted to the Texas Bar in March, 1984.
Nimmer was also a member of the Illinois Bar and the Supreme Court Bar.
Nimmer was the author of twenty books and many law articles. Professor Nimmer w |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast%20Asian%20long-fingered%20bat | The Southeast Asian long-fingered bat (Miniopterus fuscus) is a species of vesper bat in the family Miniopteridae. It is endemic to Japan and has been assessed as endangered by the IUCN.
Description and biology
The bat has an average body mass of and a forearm length of . Females give birth to a single young in early June. The species forages over forests and mainly feeds on butterflies, moths, Hymenoptera, and flies.
Habitat and distribution
The species is found in Amami-Oshima, Tokuno-shima, Okinoerabu Island, Okinawa Island, Kume Island, Ishigaki, and Iriomote Island in Japan. It was collected from the Kii peninsula in Honshu in 1933, but is now considered extinct there.
It inhabits forests and roosts in mines and caves, in colonies of several hundred individuals. There were large maternity colonies in the past, but these have become rare. There is a colony of 10,000 females on Okinawa Island.
Conservation
The species has been assessed as endangered by the IUCN Red List due to its small area of inhabitance, degradation of its habitat, and disturbance of caves where it roosts. Some caves roosted by this species are lined with electricity for tourism and also face development near the caves. A new airport has been constructed nearby on Ishigaki Island above several caves frequented by these bats. It does not occur in any protected areas.
References
Miniopteridae
Bats of Asia
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Mammals described in 1902
Taxa named by J. Lewis Bonhot |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitrofan%20Cioban | Mitrofan Cioban (5 January 1942 – 2 February 2021) was a Moldovan mathematician specializing in topology, a member of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova (2000).
He was born in Copceac (then in Tighina County, Romania, now in Ștefan Vodă District, Moldova), the son of Mihail and Tecla Cioban. At age 17 he enrolled in the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of Tiraspol State University. After one year Cioban transferred to Moscow State University, where he started attending the Topology seminar of Pavel Alexandrov. He obtained his Ph.D. in 1969 with thesis Properties of Quotient Mappings and Classification of Spaces written under the direction of Alexander Arhangelskii. Upon graduation, he returned in 1970 to Tiraspol State University as a faculty member, where he directed 17 Ph.D. theses and served as prorector and then rector.
He published over 200 papers in academic journals from 1966 to 2020, mostly under the names of Choban or Čoban, and occasionally Cioban, Ciobanu, or Coban. Starting in 1999 he served as president of the Mathematical Society of the Republic of Moldova, with headquarters in Chișinău.
He died from COVID-19 on 2 February 2021 in Chișinău during the COVID-19 pandemic in Moldova.
Publications
References
External links
1942 births
2021 deaths
20th-century Moldovan mathematicians
21st-century Moldovan mathematicians
People from Ștefan Vodă District
Moscow State University alumni
Academic staff of Shevchenko Transnistria State University
Algebraists
Topo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric%20measure%20theory | In mathematics, geometric measure theory (GMT) is the study of geometric properties of sets (typically in Euclidean space) through measure theory. It allows mathematicians to extend tools from differential geometry to a much larger class of surfaces that are not necessarily smooth.
History
Geometric measure theory was born out of the desire to solve Plateau's problem (named after Joseph Plateau) which asks if for every smooth closed curve in there exists a surface of least area among all surfaces whose boundary equals the given curve. Such surfaces mimic soap films.
The problem had remained open since it was posed in 1760 by Lagrange. It was solved independently in the 1930s by Jesse Douglas and Tibor Radó under certain topological restrictions. In 1960 Herbert Federer and Wendell Fleming used the theory of currents with which they were able to solve the orientable Plateau's problem analytically without topological restrictions, thus sparking geometric measure theory. Later Jean Taylor after Fred Almgren proved Plateau's laws for the kind of singularities that can occur in these more general soap films and soap bubbles clusters.
Important notions
The following objects are central in geometric measure theory:
Hausdorff measure and Hausdorff dimension
Rectifiable sets (or Radon measures), which are sets with the least possible regularity required to admit approximate tangent spaces.
Characterization of rectifiability through existence of approximate tangents, densiti |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo%20Paquette | Leo Armand Paquette ( – January 21, 2019) was an American organic chemist.
Biography
Paquette was born on July 15, 1934. He received his B.S. degree in 1956 from the College of the Holy Cross and his Ph.D. in organic chemistry from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1959 with professor Norman Allan Nelson. After serving as a research associate at the Upjohn Company from 1959 to 1963, he joined the faculty of Ohio State University (OSU).
Paquette was promoted to full professor at OSU in 1969 and was named Distinguished University Professor in 1987. He was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1984, and was the founding editor of the Electronic Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis (e-EROS).
Paquette is perhaps best known for achieving the first total synthesis of the Platonic solid dodecahedrane.
Scientific misconduct
In 1993, an Ohio State University investigation found that Paquette had plagiarized sections from an unfunded NIH grant application, for which he was a reviewer, and included the text in his own NIH grant application. The Office of Research Integrity agreed with the university investigation and "required institutional certification of proper attribution in any future grant proposals" from Paquette and "prohibited him from serving on Public Health Service Advisory Committees, Boards, or review groups" for ten years.
For a separate plagiarism incident that occurred in 1991, the Ohio State University investigatory panel fou |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirton%27s%20deer%20mouse | Stirton's deer mouse (Peromyscus stirtoni) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. P. stirtoni is widely distributed and is presumed to have a large population and a tolerance of habitat destruction, though its biology is poorly understood. The species is named after Ruben A. Stirton (1901-1966), an American zoologist associated with the University of California at Berkeley.
References
Peromyscus
Rodents of Central America
Mammals described in 1928
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew%20Ritchie | Matthew Ritchie (born 1964) is a British artist who currently lives and works in New York City. He attended the Camberwell School of Art from 1983 to 1986. He describes himself as "classically trained" but also points to a minimalist influence. His art revolves around a personal mythology drawn from creation myths, particle physics, thermodynamics, and games of chance, among other elements.
Ritchie is married to Garland Hunter, an artist and actress who appeared in The Tao of Steve.
Education and early career
Matthew Ritchie was born in the suburbs of London in 1964. Ritchie went to St. Paul's School, after which, he moved on to Camberwell School of Art. Ritchie received his BFA from London's Camberwell School of Art, in the years of 1983–86. He also spent a year enrolled at Boston University in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1982. Ritchie has established himself in the contemporary fine arts scene since the early 1990s, and had his first group exhibition in 1990 at the Judy Nielsen Gallery in Chicago, Illinois. Ritchie's first solo show, "Working Model", was shown in New York's Basilico Fine Arts from 18 February to 18 March in 1995. This series of paintings, wall drawings, and sculptures introduced Ritchie into the contemporary genre as an artist who "brought together historically and ideologically different belief systems in an attempt to show their common thread." Regardless of the medium or material Ritchie uses, all of his work collaborates into a complex meta-narrat |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null%20encryption | In modern cryptography, null encryption (or selecting null cipher or NONE cipher) is choosing not to use encryption in a system where various encryption options are offered. When this option is used, the text is the same before and after encryption, which can be practical for testing/debugging, or authentication-only communication. In mathematics such a function is known as the identity function.
Examples of this are the "eNULL" and "aNULL" cipher suite in OpenSSL, and the "NULL Encryption Algorithm" in IPSec.
See also
: "The NULL Encryption Algorithm and Its Use With IPsec"
References
Ciphers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rethinking%20Mathematics | Rethinking Mathematics: Teaching Social Justice by the Numbers is a 2005 book (2nd edition 2013) edited by Eric Gutstein and Bob Peterson, advocating a mathematics education curriculum that intertwines mathematics with social justice. The various essays in the book, including "Home Buying While Brown or Black" and "Sweatshop Accounting", advocate using social-justice issues to motivate the teaching of rigorous mathematical concepts, and the use of mathematics education as a way of promoting ideas of social justice.
Critics derided the work as an attempt to subvert mathematics education for partisan political purposes, while the authors defended it as a useful way to motivate a wide range of students in mathematics.
See also
Critical mathematics pedagogy
Mathematics for social justice
Mathematics education
References
External links
Book website
2005 books
Mathematics education reform |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eikonal%20approximation | In theoretical physics, the eikonal approximation (Greek εἰκών for likeness, icon or image) is an approximative method useful in wave scattering equations which occur in optics, seismology, quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics, and partial wave expansion.
Informal description
The main advantage that the eikonal approximation offers is that the equations reduce to a differential equation in a single variable. This reduction into a single variable is the result of the straight line approximation or the eikonal approximation which allows us to choose the straight line as a special direction.
Relation to the WKB approximation
The early steps involved in the eikonal approximation in quantum mechanics are very closely related to the WKB approximation for one-dimensional waves. The WKB method, like the eikonal approximation, reduces the equations into a differential equation in a single variable. But the difficulty with the WKB approximation is that this variable is described by the trajectory of the particle which, in general, is complicated.
Formal description
Making use of WKB approximation we can write the wave function of the scattered system in terms of action S:
Inserting the wavefunction Ψ in the Schrödinger equation without the presence of a magnetic field we obtain
We write S as a power series in ħ
For the zero-th order:
If we consider the one-dimensional case then .
We obtain a differential equation with the boundary condition:
for , .
See also
Eikonal e |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remez%20inequality | In mathematics, the Remez inequality, discovered by the Soviet mathematician Evgeny Yakovlevich Remez , gives a bound on the sup norms of certain polynomials, the bound being attained by the Chebyshev polynomials.
The inequality
Let σ be an arbitrary fixed positive number. Define the class of polynomials πn(σ) to be those polynomials p of the nth degree for which
on some set of measure ≥ 2 contained in the closed interval [−1, 1+σ]. Then the Remez inequality states that
where Tn(x) is the Chebyshev polynomial of degree n, and the supremum norm is taken over the interval [−1, 1+σ].
Observe that Tn is increasing on , hence
The R.i., combined with an estimate on Chebyshev polynomials, implies the following corollary: If J ⊂ R is a finite interval, and E ⊂ J is an arbitrary measurable set, then
for any polynomial p of degree n.
Extensions: Nazarov–Turán lemma
Inequalities similar to () have been proved for different classes of functions, and are known as Remez-type inequalities. One important example is Nazarov's inequality for exponential sums :
Nazarov's inequality. Let
be an exponential sum (with arbitrary λk ∈C), and let J ⊂ R be a finite interval, E ⊂ J—an arbitrary measurable set. Then
where C > 0 is a numerical constant.
In the special case when λk are pure imaginary and integer, and the subset E is itself an interval, the inequality was proved by Pál Turán and is known as Turán's lemma.
This inequality also extends to in the following way
for some A>0 inde |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobitis%20maroccana | Cobitis maroccana is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cobitidae.
Taxonomy
The taxonomy of the Cobitis marrocana is as follows:
Kingdom-Animalia
Phylum-Chordata
Class-Actinopterygii
Order-Cypriniformes
Family-Cobitidae
Biology
Cobitis marrocana is now recorded to be least concern. It now has a competitor species called Lepomis spp. The competition has created a decline in the population of Cobitis marrocana. Another negative influence that could affect the population as well is the effect of pollution on the habitat of Cobitis marrocana.
Size
The average size of an unsexed male is about 8 centimeters.
Location
It is found only in Morocco and Spain. It is known to be common to the rivers of Loukkos and Sebou, and it is also found in the Atlantic coast of northern Morocco. The climate that it is found in is temperate. It is common to highland and lowland freshwater.
Habitat
Its natural habitats are rivers and intermittent rivers.
References
Sources
Cobitis
Endemic fauna of Morocco
Fish described in 1929
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20snoR9%20plant | In molecular biology, snoR9 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) which functions in the biogenesis (modification) of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a 'guide RNA'.
R9 is a member of the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
This plant snoRNA was identified in Arabidopsis thaliana by computational screening and experimentally verified by primer extension analysis. This snoRNA is not related to the snoRNA identified in hyperthermophiles also called snoR9.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid%20harmonics | In physics and mathematics, the solid harmonics are solutions of the Laplace equation in spherical polar coordinates, assumed to be (smooth) functions . There are two kinds: the regular solid harmonics , which are well-defined at the origin and the irregular solid harmonics , which are singular at the origin. Both sets of functions play an important role in potential theory, and are obtained by rescaling spherical harmonics appropriately:
Derivation, relation to spherical harmonics
Introducing , , and for the spherical polar coordinates of the 3-vector , and assuming that is a (smooth) function , we can write the Laplace equation in the following form
where is the square of the nondimensional angular momentum operator,
It is known that spherical harmonics are eigenfunctions of :
Substitution of into the Laplace equation gives, after dividing out the spherical harmonic function, the following radial equation and its general solution,
The particular solutions of the total Laplace equation are regular solid harmonics:
and irregular solid harmonics:
The regular solid harmonics correspond to harmonic homogeneous polynomials, i.e. homogeneous polynomials which are solutions to Laplace's equation.
Racah's normalization
Racah's normalization (also known as Schmidt's semi-normalization) is applied to both functions
(and analogously for the irregular solid harmonic) instead of normalization to unity. This is convenient because in many applications the Racah normalizat |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asoka%20barb | The Asoka barb (Systomus asoka) is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to Sri Lanka where it is found in the upper reaches of the Sitawaka River and its tributaries, and Kelani near Kitulgala. This fish can reach a length of TL.
Biology
Asoka barb inhabit relatively deep (1–2 m), fast-flowing water in areas with gravel or sand substrates. Juveniles ( 1–3 cm TL) shoal together in schools of 30–100 individuals in very shallow water (5–25 cm) downstream whereas adults occupy deeper water (1–2m) upstream. They usually occupy unshaded areas. They are fast swimmers and are not easily identified from water surface. This species can be found in fresh water which has 6.5–7.5 pH range and 25–30 °C temperature.
References
Systomus
Cyprinid fish of Asia
Freshwater fish of Sri Lanka
Endemic fauna of Sri Lanka
Fish described in 1989
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercer%27s%20tusked%20silverside | Mercer's tusked silverside (Dentatherina merceri) is a species of fish.
Mercer's tusked silverside originates from the west-central Pacific. It is found from the Philippines to north-eastern Australia and from Moluccas to the Trobriand Islands. It is found close in shore around islands and over coral reefs. Except for larval biology, little is known about this species. It may be taken as food by some commercially important species.
Dentatherina was originally classified in the Atherinidae. In 1984, L. R. Parenti considered it and the other phallostethids to be sister taxa. However, ranking these two groups (Phallostethidae and Dentatherinidae) as two families within the same superfamily or two subfamilies (Dentatherininae and Phallostethinae) within Phallostethidae is a subjective decision. The distinctiveness of Dentatherina could be used in favor of separate family recognition. Fish Base considers this species to belong to its own family.
References
Atheriniformes
Monotypic fish genera
Fish described in 1983 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20Federer | Herbert Federer (July 23, 1920 – April 21, 2010) was an American mathematician. He is one of the creators of geometric measure theory, at the meeting point of differential geometry and mathematical analysis.
Career
Federer was born July 23, 1920, in Vienna, Austria. After emigrating to the US in 1938, he studied mathematics and physics at the University of California, Berkeley, earning the Ph.D. as a student of Anthony Morse in 1944. He then spent virtually his entire career as a member of the Brown University Mathematics Department, where he eventually retired with the title of Professor Emeritus.
Federer wrote more than thirty research papers in addition to his book Geometric measure theory. The Mathematics Genealogy Project assigns him nine Ph.D. students and well over a hundred subsequent descendants. His most productive students include the late Frederick J. Almgren, Jr. (1933–1997), a professor at Princeton for 35 years, and his last student, Robert Hardt, now at Rice University.
Federer was a member of the National Academy of Sciences. In 1987, he and his Brown colleague Wendell Fleming won the American Mathematical Society's Steele Prize "for their pioneering work in Normal and Integral currents."
Mathematical work
In the 1940s and 1950s, Federer made many contributions at the technical interface of geometry and measure theory. Particular themes included surface area, rectifiability of sets, and the extent to which one could substitute rectifiability for smoothnes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Yates%20%28chemist%29 | John T. Yates Jr. (August 3, 1935 – September 2015) was an American chemist. He was an investigator in the field of surface chemistry and physics, including both the structure and spectroscopy of atoms and molecules on surfaces, the dynamics of surface processes and the development of new methods for research in surface chemistry.
He worked at the National Bureau of Standards (now NIST) in Washington, D.C., and subsequently at the University of Pittsburgh, where he was for 25 years the R. K. Mellon Professor of Chemistry and Physics as well as the founding director of the Pittsburgh Surface Science Center before moving to the University of Virginia in 2007.
Yates received his bachelor's degree from Juniata College in 1956 and his doctorate in physical chemistry from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1960. He was a senior visiting scholar at the University of East Anglia from 1970 to 1971. Following three years as an assistant professor at Antioch College, he joined the scientific staff at the National Bureau of Standards. In 1982 he joined the faculty of the University of Pittsburgh as the first R. K. Mellon Professor of Chemistry and as the director of the University of Pittsburgh Surface Science Center, which he founded. In 1994 he was jointly appointed to the department of physics and astronomy.
Yates served on the editorial boards of six journals and two book series in surface science and catalysis. He was the co-editor and author of several books and had wr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Max%20Planck%20Research%20School%20for%20Molecular%20and%20Cellular%20Biology | The International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMPRS-MCB) is an international PhD program in molecular biology and cellular biology founded in 2006 by the Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics and the University of Freiburg.
The Max Planck Society (MPG) started in 2000 an initiative to attract more international students to Germany to pursue their PhD studies. Therefore, International-Max-Planck-Research-Schools (IMPRS) were established. The number of IMPRS has ever been increasing since then in all three sections of research of the MPG.
External links
International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology
Molecular Biology and Cellular Biology
Molecular biology
Cell biology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shi-Kuo%20Chang | Shi-Kuo Chang () is a computer scientist and writer best-known for his science fiction novels and short stories.
Life and career
Chang was born in Chongqing in 1944 and grew up in Taiwan. After completing an undergraduate degree in electrical engineering at National Taiwan University, Chang arrived in the United States in 1966 as a graduate student. In 1967 he completed his master's degree at University of California, Berkeley, in Computer Science, earning his doctorate in 1969. From 1969 to 1975, Chang worked as a research scientist at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center. In 1975 he joined the Department of Information Engineering at the University of Illinois Chicago, where he was appointed Director of the Information Systems Laboratory. Since 1986 he has been a professor of computer science at the University of Pittsburgh, serving as chairman of the department from 1986 to 1991.
Writing
While still an undergraduate, Chang published his first novel, Reverend Pi (皮牧師正傳, 1963). In 1975, Chang completed his first novel-length work of science fiction, Chess King (棋王). This was followed by the short story collection Nebula Suite (星雲組曲) in 1980, with the first volume of his acclaimed City Trilogy, The Five Jade Disks (五玉蝶), appearing in 1983. Defenders of the Dragon City (龍城飛將) was published three years later, in 1986, with the final volume, Tale of a Feather (一羽毛), appearing in 1991. A second short story collection, Nocturne (夜曲) was published in 1985, with further collecti |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Costello%20%28software%20executive%29 | Joseph Ball Costello (born December 6, 1953) is an American executive in the electronic design automation (EDA) industry. He was president and COO of SDA Systems from 1987–1988 and CEO of Cadence Design Systems, which became the largest EDA company under his tenure, from 1988–1997.
Education
Joseph received his B.S. in Physics in 1974 from Harvey Mudd College. He also has a master's degree in Physics from both Yale and UC Berkeley. He started his career at National Semiconductor, which he soon left to found "Electronic Speech Systems".
Career
He entered the EDA industry when James Solomon invited him to SDA Systems, where he rapidly rose to senior management. While Joseph was President of SDA, it merged with ECAD to become Cadence Design Systems.
In 2001, Joseph gave the commencement address at Harvey Mudd, two days after the sudden death of Douglas Adams, who had been scheduled to speak.
He was formerly the CEO of think3, a product lifecycle management software and consulting company, and of Orb Networks. He is currently the CEO of Enlighted.
He also served as chairman of Barcelona Design, BravoBrava!, Soliloquy Learning, Zamba and on the board of directors of Santa Cruz Networks and Oasys Design Systems.
Awards
In 2004, he was awarded the Phil Kaufman Award in recognition of his business contributions that helped grow the EDA industry.
References
External links
Article on Joe Costello
Harvey Mudd College alumni
Electronic design automation people
Living people
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia%20L.%20Herbold | Patricia Louise Herbold (born 1940) is a chemist, former city mayor, and the former United States Ambassador to the Republic of Singapore.
Early life
Ambassador Herbold was born in and grew up in Cincinnati, Ohio. She received a B.A. in chemistry from Edgecliff College (now part of Xavier University) in Cincinnati in 1962, graduating cum laude. She later received a J.D. law degree from the Northern Kentucky University Salmon P. Chase College of Law in 1977, graduating second in her class.
Career
Chemistry
Ambassador Herbold initially worked for the federal government as an analytical chemist dealing with water pollution. She later served as Chief of the Data Processing Unit of the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration Lake Erie Program Office.
Law
After working in pollution control, Herbold began a career as an attorney. She was a prosecutor from 1978 to 1979. Later, she was Associate Regional Counsel for Prudential Insurance of America from 1979 to 1988. For two years from 1988 to 1990, she was the General Counsel of Bank One. She was an attorney with the Cincinnati law firm of Taft, Stettinius & Hollister from 1990 to 1994.
Local government
Ambassador Herbold was a member of the City Council of Montgomery, Ohio from 1983 to 1986. She was mayor of the city beginning in 1986.
She moved to Washington state in 1995 when her husband, Robert Herbold became Executive Vice
President and Chief Operating Officer of Microsoft Corporation in 1994, where he worked until |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20systems%20science%20journals | Systems science is an interdisciplinary field of science that studies the nature of complex systems in nature, society, and science. It aims to develop interdisciplinary foundations, which are applicable in a variety of areas, such as engineering, biology, medicine and social sciences.
Systems sciences covers formal sciences fields like complex systems, cybernetics, dynamical systems theory, and systems theory, and applications in the field of the natural and social sciences and engineering, such as control theory, operations research, social systems theory, systems biology, systems dynamics, systems ecology, systems engineering and systems psychology.
A
Advances in Systems Science and Applications
Annals of Systems Research: from 1971 until 1978
Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics
B
Behavioral Science: from 1956 until 1996, then became Systems Research and Behavioral Science
C
Complex Systems
Complexity
E
Enacting Cybernetics
Ecological Complexity
European Journal of Information Systems
G
General Systems Yearbook: from 1956 until 1987, and then published in Systems Research and Behavioral Science
I
IEEE Intelligent Systems
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics
IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology
Information Systems Research
Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems
Interfaces: An International Journal of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Science
International Journal of G |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9tur%20Bl%C3%B6ndal | Pétur Haraldsson Blöndal (24 June 1944 – 26 June 2015) was an Icelandic parliamentarian in the Icelandic Independence Party and was president in the committees of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Social Affairs Committee and Health and Ensurance Committee.
He held a doctorate in mathematics from the University of Cologne. He ran unsuccessfully for the chairmanship of the Independence Party at their national meeting in late June 2010 and received 30% of the vote.
He died in his home on 26 June 2015 after years of battling cancer.
References
External links
Non auto-biography of Pétur Blöndal on the homepage of Alþingi
The homepage of Pétur Blöndal
1944 births
2015 deaths
Members of the Althing
Independence Party (Iceland) politicians |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20American%20Field%20Trip | The American Field Trip is an educational film series that explores unique places of interest across the USA. Episode titles include Exploring Marine Biology, at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California, and Exploring Space Technology at the NASA Johnson Space Center in Texas. The series won a CINE competition Golden Eagle award in 1995. The series is produced by film maker James Myer.
References
External links
Official Site
The American Field Trip Publishers
Movie Reviews.com
NEMN Silver Apple
American documentary films
Educational materials
1995 television films
1995 films
1990s American films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus%20wangii | Pinus wangii, commonly known as the Guangdong white pine (), is a species of conifer in the family Pinaceae.
It was named after Dr. Shao-Ping Wang, a professor of forest genetics.
Distribution
This pine tree is native to Yunnan Province of southern China, where two populations are known from Wenshan Prefecture. It is uncertain whether it occurs in northern Vietnam.
Pinus wangii is an IUCN Red List Endangered species, threatened by continued logging. It is under second-class national protection in China.
References
wangii
Trees of China
Flora of Yunnan
Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture
Trees of Vietnam
Endangered flora of Asia
Species endangered by logging
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing%20switch | In theoretical network science, the Turing switch is a logical construction modeling the operation of the network switch, just as in theoretical computer science a Turing machine models the operation of a computer. Both are named in honor of the English logician Alan Turing, although the research in Turing switches is not based on Turing's research. Some introductory research on the Turing switch was started at the University of Cambridge by Jon Crowcroft (Homepage).
In essence, Crowcroft suggests that instead of using general-purpose computers to do packet switching, the required operations should be reduced to application specific logic and then that application specific logic should be implemented using optical components. The work is not actually based on Turing's research.
A Turing switch consists of a switched fabric, one or more ingress interfaces (also referred to as sources), one or more egress interfaces (sinks), and a decision procedure to determine an egress interface given an ingress interface. Interfaces are sometimes referred to as ports. A packet (cell or switched unit) arrives at an ingress interface, the appropriate egress interface is determined by the decision procedure, and the packet is then transported across the switching fabric to the egress interface. A packet is a symbol or sequence of 1's and 0's. An ingress interface is connected to an ingress line and an egress interface to an egress line. The ingress line is said to feed the ingress interface; |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Math%20%28disambiguation%29 | Math (or maths in non-American English-speaking countries) is an abbreviation of mathematics.
Math or Maths may also refer to:
Arts, entertainment and media
Fictional characters
Math, a character on the TV series Life Unexpected
Math fab Mathonwy, a king in Welsh mythology
Mathematical Anti Telharsic Harfatum Septomin, a topic on the TV series Look Around You
Music
Groups
MATH (band), an American band formed in the 1990s
Math, the original name of American rock band Mutemath
Songs
"Maths" (song), a 2012 single by Canadian producer deadmau5
"The Math", a song on Hilary Duff's 2003 album Metamorphosis
Television
"Math!", an episode of Blue's Clues
Computing and technology
, a tag used in MathML
, a module in the Python programming language
Places
Math, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a village of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan
Matha, Hindu monastic establishments, also known as "math" or "mutt"
Other uses
MATH, or Make America Think Harder, a slogan for Andrew Yang's 2020 presidential campaign
Maths O. Sundqvist (1950–2012), a Swedish businessman
See also
Matha (disambiguation)
Cmath (disambiguation)
Mathematica (disambiguation)
Mathematics (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanford%20Underground%20Research%20Facility | The Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF), or Sanford Lab, is an underground laboratory in Lead, South Dakota. The deepest underground laboratory in the United States, it houses multiple experiments in areas such as dark matter and neutrino physics research, biology, geology and engineering. There are currently 28 active research projects housed within the facility.
Sanford Lab is managed by the South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA). SURF operations are funded by the U.S. Department of Energy through Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and through a $70M donation from T. Denny Sanford. The State of South Dakota also contributed nearly $70 million to the project.
Scientific Research
Sanford Lab's depth, rock stability and history make it ideal for sensitive physics experiments that need to escape high energy cosmic radiation from the sun. Additionally, the facility is used for researchers studying geology, biology and engineering.
Experiment List
Experiments under development:
DUNE, LBNF/hosted by Fermilab: Scientists with the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) hope to revolutionize our understanding of the role neutrinos play in the creation of the universe. The Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) will shoot a beam of neutrinos from Fermilab in Batavia, Illinois, 800 miles through the earth to detectors deep underground at Sanford Lab in Lead, South Dakota.
Active experiments:
LUX-Zeplin: LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a next-generation dark ma |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinitesimal%20generator%20%28stochastic%20processes%29 | In mathematics — specifically, in stochastic analysis — the infinitesimal generator of a Feller process (i.e. a continuous-time Markov process satisfying certain regularity conditions) is a Fourier multiplier operator that encodes a great deal of information about the process.
The generator is used in evolution equations such as the Kolmogorov backward equation, which describes the evolution of statistics of the process; its L2 Hermitian adjoint is used in evolution equations such as the Fokker–Planck equation, also known as Kolmogorov forward equation, which describes the evolution of the probability density functions of the process.
The Kolmogorov forward equation in the notation is just , where is the probability density function, and is the adjoint of the infinitesimal generator of the underlying stochastic process. The Klein–Kramers equation is a special case of that.
Definition
General case
For a Feller process with Feller semigroup and state space we define the generator by
,
, for any .
Here denotes the Banach space of continuous functions on vanishing at infinity, equipped with the supremum norm, and . In general, it is not easy to describe the domain of the Feller generator. However, the Feller generator is always closed and densely defined. If is -valued and contains the test functions (compactly supported smooth functions) then
,
where , and is a Lévy triplet for fixed .
Lévy processes
The generator of Lévy semigroup is of the form
where is |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Donoghue | John Donoghue may refer to:
John Donoghue (neuroscientist), professor of neuroscience at Brown University; co-founder of Cyberkinetics
John Donoghue (writer) (born 1964), British humorist
John Donoghue (footballer) (1903–?), Scottish football player
John Francis Donoghue (1928–2011), American Roman Catholic bishop
John P. Donoghue (born 1957), American politician
John Talbott Donoghue (1853–1903), American artist
See also
John Donahue (disambiguation)
Jack Donohue (disambiguation) |
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