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Manuel Altolaguirre (29 June 1905 – 26 July 1959) was a Spanish poet, an editor, publisher, and printer of poetry, and a member of the Generation of '27.
Biography
Born in the Andalusia city of Málaga in 1905, Altolaguirre's collaborative poets included Emilio Prados, Vicente Aleixandre, and Federico García Lorca. After completing law studies in Granada, Altolaguirre founded the magazine Ambos and returned to Málaga to start the printing shop Imprenta Sur ('Southern Press'), where he drew together many of his friends, publishing most of their early verse.
In 1926 Altolaguirre published his first collection, Las islas invitadas y otros poemas, twenty-four mostly descriptive, soul-searching poems about love, nature, solitude, and death. That same year, he co-founded with Emilio Prados the literary periodical Litorral, whose 1927 triple issue commemorated the three hundredth anniversary of the death of Luis de Góngora, a poet greatly admired by the Generation of '27.
In his second collection, Ejemplo, the poet seemed to want to mold himself into the universe in search of harmony, revealing the influence of Juan Ramón Jiménez. In 1930 he began another literary magazine, Poesía, which he also printed and bound, and to which he contributed poems of love and solitude.
After a two-year stay to Paris with his portable printing press, Altolaguirre lived in Madrid, where he produced Soledades juntas, including love poems perhaps inspired by his fellow poet Concha Méndez, whom he married in 1932.
With Méndez, Altolaguirre founded the publications Héroe (for which Juan Ramón Jiménez contributed lyrical character portraits of Spanish heroes) and 1616 (in England, to strengthen the literary relations between Spain and England through publication of poems in the original as well as in translation). In 1616 (the name commemorates the year of the deaths of Miguel de Cervantes and William Shakespeare), he published poems by Federico García Lorca, Luis Cernuda, Jorge Guillén, Pablo Neruda, and Moreno Villa, among others. He wrote a biography of Garcilaso de la Vega, edited the Antología de la poeśia romántica española, and translated Victor Hugo and other writers.
Published in 1936, his poetry collection, La lenta libertad, included many poems from previous volumes, the newer poems dealing with evil and social injustice.
In 1936, when the Spanish Civil War broke out, Altolaguirre became a member of the Alliance of Anti-Fascist Intellectuals and became the director of "La Barraca", a classic theater troupe that took Spanish theater to the countryside, after its leader Federico García Lorca was killed. Altolaguirre enlisted with the Republican forces and involved himself in printing projects. He printed Pablo Neruda’s España en el corazón (Spain in the Heart, 1938) on paper manufactured from old flags and uniforms of the enemy, the wet paper then hung with clothespins to dry.
In 1939, Altolaguirre suffered an emotional collapse. Later that year, he and his family traveled to Mexico City, stopping off in Cuba for five years. In Cuba he founded more magazines, Atentamente and La Verónica, and completed Nube temporal, poems of war and human suffering.
He completed Nuevos poems de las islas invitadas in 1946, poems revealing his increasing interest in mysticism, and in 1949, after leaving his wife for María Luisa Gómez-Mena y Vivanco (whom he later married), he published Fin de un amor, the poet seemingly torn between spiritual love inspired by Concha and the passion he felt for María Luisa.
For the last years of his life, he was involved with the Mexican film industry, writing scripts, producing, and directing. In 1959, Altolaguirre returned to Spain to present El Cantar de los cantares at the San Sebastián Film Festival. On 23 July, after the festival, he had a car accident on his way to Madrid and died three days later in Burgos.
Selected bibliography
Las islas invitadas y otros poemas (“The Invited Isle and Other Poems”) (Málaga: Imprenta Sur, 1926); also Las islas invitadas (Madrid: Viriato/Altolaguirre, 1936; revised edition, Madrid: Castalia, 1973)
Ejemplo ("Example") (Malaga: Imprenta Sur, 1927)
Soledades juntas ("Joint Solitudes") (Madrid: Plutarco, 1931)
La lenta libertad ("The Slow Freedom") (Madrid: Héroe, 1936)
Nube temporal ("Temporary Clouds") (Havana: Veronica/Altolaguirre, 1939)
Nuevas poemas de las islas invitadas ("New Poems of the Invited Islees") (Mexico city: Isla, 1946)
Fin de una amor ("End of a Love") (Mexico City, Isla, 1949)
Poemas en América ("Poems in America") (Málaga: Dardo, 1955)
Altolaguirre also wrote a propaganda play El triunfo de las germanías ("The Triumph of the Brotherhood of the Guilds") with José Bergamín in 1937, and screenplays for six motion pictures from 1951-1959. He edited and was responsible for publishing Antología de la poesía romántica española ("Anthology of Spanish Romantic Poetry") in 1933, Poemas escogidos de Federico Garćia Lorca in 1939, Presente de las lírica mexicana in 1946, and Gerardo Diego's Poemas in 1948.
Further reading
John Crispin, "Quest for Wholeness: the Personality and Works of Manuel Altolaguirre" (Valencia: Albatros Hispanófila, 1983)
C.B. Morris, "The Closed Door," in A Generation of Spanish Poets: 1920-1936 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969), pp. 143–171.
References
Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vol 108: Twentieth-Century Spanish Poets, First Series. (The Gale Group, 1991. pp. 42–51. Essay by Barbara Diehl.
Contemporary Authors Online. (Gale, 2003).
1905 births
1959 deaths
20th-century Spanish poets
20th-century Spanish dramatists and playwrights
20th-century Spanish screenwriters
20th-century Spanish male writers
Writers from Málaga
Generation of '27
Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in Mexico
Road incident deaths in Spain
Spanish editors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel%20Altolaguirre |
Trashman may refer to the following:
Trashman (character), a fictional character and eponymous comic book created by Spain Rodriguez
Trashman (video game), a 1984 video game for the ZX Spectrum
The Trashmen, a band from Minneapolis, Minnesota
Waste collector, the occupation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trashman |
The Bitch is a 1979 British drama film directed by Gerry O'Hara. It is a sequel to The Stud (1978) and, like its predecessor, is based on a novel by the British author Jackie Collins and stars her sister Joan Collins as Fontaine Khaled. Both films were made for a relatively small sum but were highly profitable at the box office, and were among the first successes in the emerging home video market of the early 1980s.
Plot
Following from where The Stud left off, Fontaine Khaled is now a divorcee. While she still leads an extravagant jetset lifestyle and did get a rather hefty divorce settlement, she no longer has the financial security of being a billionaire's wife and her once-successful London nightclub, "Hobo", is now failing due to a newer club taking away most of the former patrons. While on a flight returning to London from New York, she meets handsome Italian gambler Nico Cantafora. In order to impress Fontaine, Nico pretends he is a wealthy businessman, though he is actually a conman who owes money to the mafia, and he covertly uses Fontaine to smuggle a stolen diamond ring through airport customs which he intends to sell in London to pay off his debts.
Nico later tracks Fontaine down in order to retrieve the ring she unwittingly carried through customs for him. They spend the night together but when she discovers that he planted the ring in her coat, she throws him out. However, when Nico later learns that the ring is a fake, he gives it to Fontaine as a light-hearted gift and she forgives him. Meanwhile, Fontaine's own financial problems continue to mount and her accountant warns her that she is rapidly running out of money. To combat this, she attempts to restore her failing nightclub to its former glory. Meanwhile, she learns of Nico's mob connections after he is beaten up by local gangsters due to the money he still owes them.
Later, Fontaine and Nico are invited to the country estate of Fontaine's best friends, Leonard and Vanessa Grant. The Grants own a racehorse named Plato that is favourite to win an upcoming high-stakes derby. Still in debt to the mafia, Nico is instructed by local gangland boss Thrush Feathers to ensure that Plato loses the race. To this effect, Nico blackmails the horse's jockey to throw the race. Fontaine overhears Nico's plan and meets with Feathers to get a cut of the deal with him which could solve her financial problems. Feathers agrees so that Fontaine will not interfere with his plans and will also be indebted to him.
On the day of the race, the jockey falls off the horse as planned and loses the race. Fontaine pretends to Nico that she gambled her entire fortune on Plato to win and is now broke, but Nico is ecstatic because he backed the winning horse and now believes he can get the mafia off his back once and for all. However, the mafia have other ideas for him and after he gives Fontaine his winning tickets to collect on his behalf, he is carted off by Feathers' henchmen. Fontaine, meanwhile, goes to collect a double payout - with Nico's winning tickets and her cut from Feathers for going along with his scam.
With the money she made from the horse race scam, and her nightclub a success again, Fontaine is saved from financial ruin but when she arrives at her club one evening, she meets Feathers there who tells everyone he is now the club's new owner.
Cast
Joan Collins – Fontaine Khaled
Michael Coby – Nico Cantafora
Kenneth Haigh – Arnold Rinstead
Ian Hendry – Thrush Feathers
Pamela Salem – Lynn
Sue Lloyd – Vanessa Grant
Mark Burns – Leonard Grant
John Ratzenberger – Hal Leonard
Carolyn Seymour – Polly Logan
Doug Fisher – Sammy
Peter Wight – Ricky
George Sweeney – Sandy Roots
Chris Jagger – Tony Langham
Sharon Fussey – Sammy's Girl
Maurice Thorogood – Paul
Bill Mitchell – Bernie
Alibe Parsons – Bernice
Mela White – Mrs. Walters
Maurice O'Connell – John-Jo
Anthony Heaton – Luke
Timothy Carlton – Jamie
Jill Melford – Sharon
Peter Burton – Hotel Night Manager
Annie Lambert – Hotel Desk Clerk
Steve Plytas – Louis Almond
Graham Simpson – Mario
Grant Santino – Disco Dancer
Cherry Gillespie – Disco Girl
William Van Der Pye – Disc Jockey
Tai Ling – Mai Ling
Kari Ann – Marinka
Bill Nighy – Flower Delivery Boy (uncredited)
Production notes
Jackie Collins had apparently given her sister Joan the film rights to both The Stud and The Bitch for free so that they could be turned into movies. After funding was secured, the films were co-produced by the sisters' husbands at the time (Oscar Lerman, who was married to Jackie, and Ron Kass, who was married to Joan).
Although The Stud novel was made into a film nine years after its 1969 publication, The Bitch novel was published in the same year the film was released. The film (written and directed by Gerry O'Hara) differs from Collins' novel slightly, particularly the ending. The novel contains a more romantic ending with Fontaine and Nico both backing the losing horse and ending up broke but still in love with each other, whereas the film has a more convoluted ending that left the door open for a potential sequel with Fontaine dealing with shady characters from London's underworld. Jackie Collins had anticipated writing a third book in the series, also to be filmed and starring Joan. However, this never came to pass; instead she went on to write the first of her Santangelo mafia-themed novels, 1981's Chances.
O'Hara was hired on the condition the budget did not exceed that of The Stud.
Soundtrack
Much in the vein of Saturday Night Fever, the film features a disco soundtrack. The theme song to the film performed by Olympic Runners became a UK Top 40 hit single in August 1979, while the soundtrack album itself peaked at peaked at #39 in November. Released on Warwick Records, the album contained twenty songs that were featured in the film. Although some of these were existing hits, several were written especially for the film, including the Olympic Runners' title track, "Pour Your Little Heart Out" by The Drifters, "Dancing On The Edge Of A Heartache" by The Hunters, "I Feel Lucky Tonight" by Linda Lewis and The Stylistics, "Music You Are" by George Chandler, and "Standing In The Shadows Of Love" by Deborah Washington. The film score was written by Biddu, with lyrics by Don Black.
Tracks included:
Olympic Runners – "The Bitch"
The Drifters – "Pour Your Little Heart Out"
The Stylistics & Linda Lewis – "I Feel Lucky Tonight"
The Hunters – "Dancing on the Edge of a Heartache"
The Stylistics – "Just Like We Never Said Goodbye"
Herbie Hancock – "I Thought It Was You"
The Players Association – "Turn the Music Up"
Gonzalez – "Haven't Stopped Dancing Yet"
Blondie – "Denis"
Deborah Washington – "Standing in the Shadows of Love"
The Gibson Brothers – "Cuba"
The Three Degrees – "Giving Up, Giving In"
The Real Thing – "Can You Feel the Force?"
Len Boone – "There's No Me Without You"
Quantum Jump – "The Lone Ranger"
Inner Circle – "Everything Is Great"
The Dooleys – "Love of My Life"
George Chandler – "Music, You Are"
Leo Sayer – "You Make Me Feel Like Dancing"
Release
Premiere and Box office
The Bitch had its premiere at the Rialto cinema in Leicester Square in London on 19 September 1979. It opened to the public the following day and finished second at the London box office behind Alien, grossing £30,723 from five cinemas in its first week. It also opened on 70 other screens in the London area. It was one of the most popular films of 1979 at the British box office.
Reception
Although both The Stud and The Bitch were generally panned by critics and viewed as being little more than softcore porn, they were nevertheless both commercial successes and helped to revive Joan Collins' flagging career. Her performances as the insatiable "rich bitch" Fontaine Khaled later attracted the attention of Aaron Spelling and Esther and Richard Shapiro when they were looking for an actress to play the part of Alexis Carrington in their TV series Dynasty.
Due to its erotic adult content, the film was infamously banned from local cinema screens by Tameside Council (near Manchester in England) at the time of its release.
References
External links
1979 films
1970s erotic drama films
British erotic drama films
Films based on British novels
Films directed by Gerry O'Hara
Films scored by Biddu
1979 drama films
1970s English-language films
1970s British films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bitch%20%28film%29 |
Carlos Monsiváis Aceves (May 4, 1938 – June 19, 2010) was a Mexican philosopher, writer, critic, political activist, and journalist. He also wrote political opinion columns in leading newspapers within the country's progressive sectors. His generation of writers includes Elena Poniatowska, José Emilio Pacheco, and Carlos Fuentes. Monsiváis won more than 33 awards, including the 1986 Jorge Cuesta Prize (named after a fellow writer about whom he wrote a book), the 1989 Mazatlán Prize, and the 1996 Xavier Villaurrutia Award. Considered a leading intellectual of his time, Monsiváis documented contemporary Mexican themes, values, class struggles, and societal change in his essays, books and opinion pieces. He was a staunch critic of the long-ruling Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI), leaned towards the left-wing, and was ubiquitous in disseminating his views on radio and television. As a founding member of "Gatos Olvidados", Monsiváis wanted his and other "forgotten cats" to be provided for beyond his lifetime.
Early life and education
Carlos Monsiváis Aceves was born in Mexico City on May 4, 1938. He studied economics and philosophy at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). As a student, Monsiváis was involved with protests that reestablished Mexican democracy. From 1956 to 1958, he worked at Medio Siglo ("Half Century") magazine and "Estaciones" ("Seasons") from 1957 to 1959. From 1956 to 1958, he worked as an editor at Medio Siglo, and at Estaciones from 1957 to 1959.
His writings, some of which are written with an ironic undertone, show a deep understanding of the origin and development of Mexican popular culture. As a movie critic during this time period, he is considered one of the Golden Age of Mexican cinema's premiere observers. Monsiváis enjoyed reviewing many different media, to include movies, art and football.
Literary career
From 1962 to 1963 and 1967 to 1968, Monsiváis was a fellow at the "Centro Mexicano de Escritores" ("Mexican Writers's Center"). In 1965, he attended Harvard University's Center for International Studies.
In 1969, Monsiváis published his first two essays: "Principados y potestades" (lit. "Princedoms and powers") and "Características de la cultura nacional" (lit. "Characteristics of the national culture"). They were characterized as being filled with a universal curiosity and the ability to distill the core essence of Mexican political and cultural life. In 1971, he penned a chronicle called Días de guardar, which was compiled into a book with his first essays. In 1976, Monsiváis composed Amor perdido, which detailed mythical film characters based upon popular song, left-wing politics, and the bourgeoisie.
During the 1980s, Monsiváis prolifically wrote the bulk of many works that shaped and destined his career. Those works include 1984's De qué se ríe el licenciado, Entrada libre, crónicas de la sociedad que se organiza in 1987, and 1988's Escenas de pudor y liviandad. In 1982, he also wrote a book called Nuevo catecismo para indios remisos, which narrated an understanding or catechism about Mexico's indigenous people. Días de guarda and Escenas de pudor y liviandad are considered his epic works. In narrative form, Monsiváis recounted the 1985 Mexico City earthquake that killed thousands. He wrote "Historias para temblar: 19 de septiembre de 1985" ("Stories to tremble: September 19, 1985") which documented the earthquake.
In 1992, Monsiváis created a biography on Frida Kahlo entitled Frida Kahlo: Una vida, una obra.
In addition to these books, Monsiváis wrote several anthologies including La poesía mexicana del siglo X in 1966, Los narradores ante el público in 1969, and in 1986 an autobiography about Jorge Cuesta.
Monsiváis remained creative into his latter years and in 2002 wrote an essay called Yo te bendigo, vida, about Amado Nervo.
Political involvement
He was known as an activist for leftist causes.
In 1968, the Tlatelolco massacre left a distinct mark on Monsiváis. His critics maintained that Monsiváis' life was filled with social movements interweaved with real life politics and entertainment figures as he wrote about that "1968 army massacre" whose death toll varied from 25 to 350 depending on the sources. Monsiváis became an early defender of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation. In 1994, he supported the Zapatistas's Chiapas revolt on behalf of Mexico's indigenous peoples. Monsiváis along with Portuguese writer Jose Saramago visited rebel camps in Chiapas.
In 1975, he collaborated with gay rights activist and writer Nancy Cárdenas on the Manifesto in Defense of Homosexuals in Mexico, published in Siempre! magazine. He had also directed the drama The Boys in the Band at Teatro de los Insurgentes in 1974, the first openly gay drama to stage on at a major theatre.
In 2002, he spoke critically against Subcomandante Marcos's letter which supported a Basque terrorist group and criticized Baltasar Garzón. In 2006, Monsiváis signed a petition in support of the independence of Puerto Rico from the United States of America.
Later life and death
Monsiváis had struggled for years with pulmonary fibrosis and could be seen in his latter years with an oxygen tank. His weariness led to several hospital stays.
In 2007, Monsiváis opened the Museo del Estanquillo with an exhibition of Gabriel Vargas' La Familia Burrón paintings with the artist in person. Vargas sat paralyzed because of an affiction he had suffered for the past twenty years. In funding the museum, he paid homage to Vargas, La Familia Burrón and Eduardo del Río. The Estanquillo Museum also exhibits many of his varied works. It holds approximately 12,000 items that Monsiváis accumulated over 30 years.
In 2008, Monsiváis' love for his 20 cats led him to bequest funds for an animal shelter known as "Gatos Olvidados" (). For eight years, he had been attached deeply to "Miss Oginia", (a play on the word misoginia, misogyny) a cat he had saved from being euthanized and a kitten he had adopted. Monsiváis approached the Distrito Federal de México about a plot of land for 50 homeless cats because a young girl, Claudia Vázquez Lozano, sent him an email requesting his support. As a founding member of "Gatos Olvidados", Monsiváis wanted his and other forgotten cats to be provided for beyond his lifetime.
As recently as March 2010, Monsiváis presented his last collection of chronicles named Apocalipstick.
On June 19, 2010, Monsiváis was declared dead after respiratory problems by the staff of the Salvador Zubirán National Institute of Health Sciences and Nutrition. He had entered the hospital on April 2, 2010, and had declined in health.
He was buried with a gay pride flag on his coffin.
Tributes
EZLN spokesman Subcomandante Marcos regarded Monsiváis as an influence. While some of his critics did not appreciate his omnipresence in all forms of the media, in a country with "low reading levels" this made him more well known amongst the people. Pacheco, a Cervantes Prize winner, once commented that Monsiváis was the "only writer people knew on the street." Poniatowska, who knew him since 1957, said, "I think he is one of the great minds of Mexico, and an intellectual of the left." Carlos Fuentes, who was in London at the time of Monsiváis' death said, "great writer who renewed the essay genre in Mexico." Mexican President Felipe Calderón lamented his death with "profound sorrow".
Of his own autobiography that he wrote at age 28, Monsiváis once said "acepté esta suerte de autobiografía con el mezquino fin de hacerme ver como una mezcla de Albert Camus y Ringo" ("I accepted this sort of autobiography with the petty purpose of making myself look like a mix of Albert Camus and Ringo").
Personal life
In his book El clóset de cristal [The Glass Closet], Mexican author Braulio Peralta argues that Monsivaís was, along with Nancy Cárdenas and others, the founder of Mexico's LGBT movement, having supported Mexico's sexual minorities since the 1960s. Monsiváis chose to be buried with a gay pride flag on his coffin, indicating that he was a gay man.
Monsiváis never married and had no children. According to Poniatowska, he is survived by several nephews. Monsiváis owned a small two-story house in Mexico City’s Colonia Portales. In lieu of children, he owned several small cats and gave interviews with them in his lap. In his spare time, Monsiváis enjoyed reading and cinematography.
Bibliography
Chronicles
Días de guardar (1971)
Amor perdido (1976)
De qué se ríe el licenciado (una crónica de los 40) (1984)
Entrada libre. Crónicas de la sociedad que se organiza (1987)
Escenas de pudor y liviandad (1988)
Luneta y galería (Atmósferas de la capital 1920-1959) (1994)
Los rituales del caos (1995)
«No sin nosotros». Los días del terremoto 1985-2005 (2005)
Essays
Características de la cultura nacional (1969)
Principados y potestades (1969)
«Notas sobre la cultura mexicana en el siglo XX» en Historia General de México (1976)
El Crimen en el cine (1977)
Cultura urbana y creación intelectual. El caso mexicano (1981)
Cuando los banqueros se van (1982)
Confrontaciones (1985)
El poder de la imagen y la imagen del poder. Fotografías de prensa del porfiriato a la época actual (1985)
Historias para temblar: 19 de septiembre de 1985 (1988)
El género epistolar. Un homenaje a manera de carta abierta (1991)
Sin límite de tiempo con límite de espacio: arte, ciudad, gente, colección de Carlos Monsiváis (1993)
Rostros del cine mexicano (1993)
Por mi madre, bohemios I (1993)
El teatro de los Insurgentes: 1953-1993 (1993)
Los mil y un velorios. Crónica de la nota roja (1994)
Cultura popular mexicana (1995)
Aire de familia. Colección de Carlos Monsiváis (1995)
El bolero (1995)
Recetario del cine mexicano (1996)
Diez segundos del cine nacional (1996)
Del rancho al internet (1999)
Aires de familia. Cultura y sociedad en América Latina (2000)
Las herencias ocultas del pensamiento liberal del siglo XIX (2000)
Las tradiciones de la imagen: notas sobre poesía mexicana (2001)
Protestantismo, diversidad y tolerancia (2002)
Bolero: clave del corazón (2004)
Las herencias ocultas de la Reforma Liberal del Siglo XIX (2006)
Imágenes de la tradición viva (2006)
Las alusiones perdidas (2007)
El estado laico y sus malquerientes (2008)
El 68, La tradición de la resistencia (2008)
Biography
Carlos Monsiváis (Autobiografía) (1966)
Celia Montalván (te brindas voluptuosa e impudente) (1982)
María Izquierdo (1986)
Luis García Guerrero (1987)
José Chávez Morado (1989)
Escenas mexicanas en la obra de Teresa Nava (1997)
Salvador Novo. Lo marginal en el centro (2000)
Adonde yo soy tú somos nosotros. Octavio Paz: crónica de vida y obra (2000)
Novoamor (2001)
Yo te bendigo, vida. Amado Nervo: crónica de vida y obra (2002)
Leopoldo Méndez 1902-2002 (2002)
Carlos Pellicer: iconografía (2003)
Annita Brenner: visión de una época (2006)
Frida Kahlo (2007)
Rosa Covarrubias: una americana que amó México (2007)
Pedro Infante: las leyes del querer (2008)
Narrative
Nuevo catecismo para indios remisos (1982)
Other books in collaboration
Historia General de México (1972)/ Colegio de México
Frida Kahlo. Una vida, una obra (1992) / Rafael Vázquez Bayod
A través del espejo: el cine mexicano y su público (1994) / Carlos Bonfil
Parte de guerra. Tlatelolco 1968. Documentos del general Marcelino García Barragán. Los hechos y la historia (1999) / Julio Scherer
Parte de Guerra II. Los rostros del 68 (2002) / Julio Scherer
Tiempo de saber (2003) / Julio Scherer
El centro histórico de la Ciudad de México (2006) / Francis Alÿs
El viajero lúgubre: Julio Ruelas modernista, 1870-1907 (2007) / Antonio Saborit y Teresa del Conde
El hombre de negro (2007) / Helioflores
Anthologies
La poesía mexicana del Siglo XX (1966)
Poesía mexicana II, 1915-1979 (1979)
A Ustedes Les Consta. Antología de la Crónica en México (1980)
Lo fugitivo permanece. 21 cuentos mexicanos (1984)
La poesía mexicana II, 1915-1985 (1985)
Works in Translation
Mexican postcards (1997) / Trans. John Kraniauskas.
A new catechism for recalcitrant indians (2007) / Trans. Jeffrey Browitt and Nidia Esperanza Castrillón.
Obřady chaosu (2007) / Trans. Markéta Riebová.
Awards
In 1977, Monsiváis won "Premio Nacional de Periodismo" Award ("National Journalism Prize") which recognized his genre of chronicles.
Monsiváis was honoured with a Prince Claus Award in 1998 from the Prince Claus Fund, an international culture and development organization based in Amsterdam.
In 2000, Monsiváis was awarded the "Premio Anagrama de Ensayo" ("Anagram of Essay Prize"). At the "Feria Internacional del Libro de Guadalajara" (" International Book Fair of Guadalajara") in 2006, he received the "FIL de Guadalajara Prize") along with its $100,000 prize money and has been awarded honorary doctorates from universities in Peru, Arizona, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana and the Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Monsiváis has won more than 33 awards with his last coming from the Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Along with Miguel León-Portilla, Friedrich Katz, Fuentes and Pacheco, Monsiváis was a past recipient of The Medalla 1808 from the government of Mexico City.
References
Further reading
Spanish
La conciencia imprescindible. Ensayos sobre Carlos Monsiváis / Jezreel Salazar (ed.), México: Fondo Editorial Tierra Adentro, 2009.
El arte de la ironía: Carlos Monsiváis ante la crítica / Mabel Moraña, Ignacio Sánchez Prado (eds.), México: Era, 2007.
La ciudad como texto: la crónica urbana de Carlos Monsiváis / Jezreel Salazar, Monterrey: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 2006.
Acercamientos a Carlos Monsiváis / José Bru, Dante Medina, Raúl Bañuelos (eds.), Guadalajara, Jalisco: Universidad de Guadalajara, 2006.
Nada mexicano me es ajeno: seis papeles sobre Carlos Monsiváis / Adolfo Castañón, México: Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, 2005.
Crónicas de la identidad : Jaime Sáenz, Carlos Monsiváis y Pedro Lemebel / Cecilia Lanza Lobo, Quito, Ecuador: Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Ediciones Abya-Yala, Corporación Editora Nacional, 2004.
Carlos Monsiváis à l'écoute du peuple mexicain / Laura Brondino, Paris, Budapest: Torino: l'Harmattan, 2004.
Carlos Monsiváis: cultura y crónica en el México contemporáneo / Linda Egan, México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2004.
Confrontaciones : Carlos Monsiváis / 1984.
English
Brewster, Claire. Responding to crisis in contemporary Mexico: the political writings of Paz, Fuentes, Monsiváis, and Poniatowska 2005
Coerver, Don M., ed. Mexico : an encyclopedia of contemporary culture and history 2004.
Egan, Linda. Carlos Monsiváis : culture and chronicle in contemporary Mexico 2001.
Egan, Linda. "Carlos Monsiváis, in Collective and Personal Memory", Mexican Studies / Estudios Mexicanos vol. 27, issue 1, Winter 2011, pp. 225–231.
External links
Interview with Carlos Monsivais, Barcelona Metropolis, Summer 2008.
1938 births
2010 deaths
Mexican male journalists
Gay journalists
National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni
Writers from Mexico City
Mexican columnists
Deaths from respiratory failure
Mexican LGBT journalists
Mexican gay writers
20th-century Mexican LGBT people
21st-century Mexican LGBT people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos%20Monsiv%C3%A1is |
The Piscataway Township Schools is a community public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from Piscataway, in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. In addition to its high school, there are four schools for K-3, two intermediate schools serving grades 4-5 and three middle schools for students in grades 6-8.
As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of 10 schools, had an enrollment of 7,161 students and 530.1 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.5:1.
The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "GH", the third-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.
Awards and recognition
For the 1999-2000 school year, Conackamack Middle School received the National Blue Ribbon Award of Excellence from the United States Department of Education, the highest honor that an American school can achieve.
The district was selected as one of the top "100 Best Communities for Music Education in America 2005" by the American Music Conference.
NAMM named the district in its 2009 survey of the "Best Communities for Music Education", which included 124 school districts nationwide.
Piscataway High School was recognized by Governor Jim McGreevey in 2003 as one of 25 schools selected statewide for the First Annual Governor's School of Excellence award.
Schools
Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are:
Elementary schools
Dwight D. Eisenhower Elementary School (506 students; in grades K-3)
Laura Heimlich, principal
Grandview Elementary School (789; PreK-3)
William F. Baskerville Jr., principal
Knollwood Elementary School (505; K-3)
Lisa Parker, principal
Randolphville Elementary School (469; K-3)
Avi Slivko, principal
Intermediate schools
Arbor Intermediate School (585; 4-5)
Heather O’Donnell, acting principal
Martin Luther King Intermediate School (4-5)
C. Alex Gray, principal
Middle schools
Conackamack Middle School (472; 6-8)
Donna DeAngelis White, principal
Quibbletown Middle School (485; 6-8)
William Gonzalez, principal
Theodore Schor Middle School (576; 6-8)
Richard A. Hueston, principal
High school
Piscataway High School (2,267; 9-12)
Christopher Baldassano, principal
Administration
Core members of the district's administration are:
Frank Ranelli, superintendent
David Oliveira, business administrator and board secretary
Board of education
The district's board of education, comprised of nine members, sets policy and oversees the fiscal and educational operation of the district through its administration. As a Type II school district, the board's trustees are elected directly by voters to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with three seats up for election each year held (since 2012) as part of the November general election. The board appoints a superintendent to oversee the day-to-day operation of the district.
See also
New Jersey v. T. L. O.
Piscataway School Board v. Taxman
References
External links
Piscataway Township Schools
School Data for the Piscataway Township Schools, National Center for Education Statistics
Piscataway, New Jersey
New Jersey District Factor Group GH
School districts in Middlesex County, New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piscataway%20Township%20Schools |
Events from the year 1849 in art.
Events
March – The Journal of Design and Manufactures is established by Henry Cole in London.
May
First exhibition of paintings by the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, in London: John Everett Millais' Isabella and Holman Hunt's Rienzi at the Royal Academy summer exhibition and Dante Gabriel Rossetti's The Girlhood of Mary Virgin at the Institution for the Free Exhibition of Modern Art's "St. George's Gallery" on Knightsbridge next to Hyde Park Corner.
John Ruskin publishes The Seven Lamps of Architecture.
Awards
Prix de Rome (for painting) – Gustave Boulanger
Works
Ivan Aivazovsky – Stormy Sea at Night
Rosa Bonheur – Ploughing in the Nivernais
Auguste Couder – The Tennis Court Oath, 20 June 1789
Gustave Courbet – After Dinner at Ornans
Asher Brown Durand – Kindred Spirits
William Holman Hunt – Rienzi vowing to obtain justice for the death of his young brother, slain in a skirmish between the Colonna and the Orsini factions
John Everett Millais – Isabella
Andreas Müller – The Christ Child
John O'Connor – Diorama of the Queen's Visit to Ireland
Joseph Noel Paton – The Quarrel of Oberon and Titania
Clarkson Frederick Stanfield – Tilbury Fort – Wind Against Tide
Births
January 12 – Jean Béraud, French painter (died 1935)
April 29 – Méry Laurent, French muse and artist's model (Édouard Manet) (died 1900)
June 2 – Paul-Albert Besnard, French painter (died 1934)
August 12 – Abbott Handerson Thayer, American painter, naturalist and teacher (died 1921)
November 25 – Mary Fraser Tytler, British craftswoman and designer (died 1938)
December 19 – Henry Clay Frick, American art collector (died 1919)
Christopher Whall, English stained-glass artist (died 1924)
Deaths
January 30 – Peter De Wint, English landscape painter (born 1784)
February 11 – Luigi Ademollo, Italian painter (born 1764)
February 15 – Francis Engleheart, English engraver (born 1775)
March 5 – David Scott, Scottish historical painter (born 1806)
March 14 – Ellen Sharples, English painter who specialized in portraits and watercolor miniatures (born 1769)
March 18 – Antonin Moine, French romantic sculptor (born 1796)
March 29 – Abraham Wivell, British portrait painter, writer and pioneer of fire protection (born 1786)
May 18 – Samuel Amsler, Swiss engraver (born 1791)
May 10 – Hokusai, Japanese artist, ukiyo-e painter and printmaker of the Edo period (born 1760)
June 8 – Bianca Milesi, Italian writer, painter and patriot (born 1790)
June 26 – Moses Haughton the younger, English engraver and painter of portrait miniatures (born 1773)
August 21 – Moritz Michael Daffinger, Austrian miniature painter and sculptor (born 1790)
August 23 – Edward Hicks, American folk artist (born 1780)
August 25 – Adele Schopenhauer, German papercut artist and novelist (born 1797)
September 7 – Richard Sass, English landscape painter, etcher, and drawing master to royalty (born 1774)
November 11 – William Barnard, English mezzotint engraver (born 1774)
November 13 – William Etty, English painter, especially of nudes (born 1787)
November 21 – François Marius Granet, French painter (born 1777)
December 4 – Jovan Pačić, Serbian painter and poet (born 1771)
December 9 – John Glover, English-born Australian landscape painter (born 1767)
December 27 – Jacques-Laurent Agasse, Swiss animal and landscape painter (born 1767)
References
Years of the 19th century in art
1840s in art | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849%20in%20art |
Takeshita (written: or ) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
, Imperial Japanese Navy admiral
, Japanese actress
, Japanese professional wrestler
, Japanese general
, Japanese politician and Prime Minister of Japan
, Japanese fashion model and actress
, Japanese footballer
, Japanese badminton player
, Japanese politician
, Japanese politician
, Japanese volleyball player
, Japanese slalom canoeist
See also
Takeshita Street in Harajuku, Tokyo, Japan
Japanese-language surnames | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takeshita |
Vincent Martin Oliver Bell (2 February 1918 – 1 February 1978) was an English poet who was a key member of The Group, an informal group of poets who met in London from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s.
Biography
Bell was born in Hampshire, England. He attended the University of Southampton, then called University College, Southampton, where he read for an external London Honours degree in English, followed in 1939 by a diploma in Education. He served from 1939 to 1946 with the Royal Engineers in Lebanon, Syria and Italy.
From the mid-1950s, Bell became a member of The Group in London, having been introduced by Peter Redgrove following a chance meeting outside Chiswick Library. Bell regularly attended The Group's meetings until leaving for Leeds in 1967, and was influential in its workings. He was later described by Philip Hobsbaum as "much older than the rest of us, and much the best linguist;" and by Peter Porter as "the father and tone-setter of Group discussions." During this time, Bell held various teaching posts through London County Council; and worked as an opera critic for The Queen magazine, a post obtained through his friend Anthony Burgess. He was awarded the first Arts Council Poetry Bursary in 1964, enabling him to work part-time and allowing more time for writing.
Bell succeeded David Wright to the Gregory Fellowship in Poetry at the University of Leeds, having been recommended for the position by Professor Norman Jeffares. At age 49, he was the oldest poet to hold the Fellowship. The outbreak of war in 1939 and Bell's personal circumstances had interrupted his career and his development as a poet; Peter Porter pinpoints his poetic "flowering" as having come to Bell in early middle age, notably between 1955 and 1965. Bell's poems appeared in journals, and a selection of his poetry was included in the Penguin Modern Poets series, alongside poems by George Barker and Charles Causley in 1962. However, Collected Poems, 1937-1966 was the first and only poetry collection to be published during his lifetime.
Like his predecessors, Bell contributed both editorial advice and poems to the student literary magazine Poetry and Audience. In his final editorial as editor of the magazine, Ronnie Sullivan thanked Bell for his advice and for "contacting outside poets;" Peter Porter, Gavin Ewart, and Norman MacCaig were amongst those who appeared in the magazine's cyclostyled pages during Bell's Fellowship. Bell may also have been influential in the production of issues of Poetry and Audience entirely devoted to translations.
As well as being involved in and contributing to student poetry seminars at which he sometimes read his own work, Bell held regular discussion sessions for student poets in the Fenton pub, close to the University. Announcements in Poetry and Audience also show that Bell participated in readings open to the Leeds public, including a reading with fellow "Leeds poets" Geoffrey Hill and William Price Turner at the Civic Institute in February 1968, and a reading with George MacBeth, himself a member of The Group, in December of that year.
During his tenure of the Gregory Fellowship, Bell took up a part-time teaching position at the Leeds College of Art, holding afternoon poetry seminars as part of the college's Complementary Studies programme. Bell's seminars generally involved between five and seven students, who discussed poems "by famous, but ... unfamiliar, writers," and were perhaps influenced by his experience with The Group. The poet George Szirtes was amongst his students. Szirtes later acknowledged the influence that Bell had had on his own poetic development, describing him as "a good and kind teacher" and "very important to me, the first real poet in my life". Bell was instrumental in arranging the publication of Szirtes' first pamphlet of poetry, Poems, issued in 1972 as number 5 in the Perkin Poets series printed by the Stanningley based Perkins Printers.
Bell continued to teach at the College of Art when his Gregory Fellowship came to an end in 1969. He edited and contributed to an anthology of poetry written by staff and students at the college, including Szirtes, Jeff Nuttall and Doug Sandle (the latter a Leeds University graduate and editor/co-editor of student magazines Sixty-One, Ikon and M.O.M.A.). The anthology included three poems by Bell which were later collected in his posthumous Complete Poems (1988): And Welcomes Little Fishes In, Cauchemar and Variations on Francis Bacon. They are grouped together with a poem sequence titled from The City of Dreadful Something, an epithet coined by Bell for Leeds, parodying James Thomson's City of Dreadful Night. Peter Porter refers to this sequence as "a sort of mini-Waste Land." Bell's outlook on the city is dismal and gloomy, with "rain one day, snow the next, and sleet and fog the next day, And wind all the time;" the final section compares Leeds to Hell, which "also includes the Merrion Centre with its special subways for mugging.
In the late 1960s Bell visited Cyprus with his close friend, the Leeds-based Cypriot artist Stass Paraskos, on several occasions, and helped Paraskos establish the Cyprus Summer School for Artists, which later became the Cyprus College of Art. As well as meeting the Cypriot President Archbishop Makarios whilst in Cyprus in 1968, several of Bell's poems inspired by these trips were published in the Cypriot art and letters journal Poseidon.
Martin Bell died in Leeds in 1978. Collections of his literary papers and correspondence are held at the University of Southampton Libraries Special Collections and the Department of Special Collections and University Archives at the McFarlin Library, University of Tulsa.
In 1997, Martin Bell's Reverdy Translations were published by Whiteknights Press with a foreword by Peter Porter and an introduction by John Pilling.
References
1918 births
1978 deaths
20th-century English poets
Alumni of the University of Southampton | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Bell%20%28poet%29 |
Epic Systems Corporation, or Epic, is an American privately held healthcare software company. According to the company, hospitals that use its software held medical records of 78% of patients in the United States and over 3% of patients worldwide in 2022.
History
Epic was founded in 1979 by Judith R. Faulkner with a $70,000 investment (). Originally headquartered in Madison, Wisconsin, Epic moved its headquarters to a large campus in the suburb of Verona, Wisconsin in 2005, where it employs 10,000 people as of 2019. The campus has themed areas/buildings, such as a castle-like structure, a "Wizard Campus" that appears to be inspired by J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter, and a dining facility designed to mimic a train station.
As of 2015, the company was in the fifth phase of campus expansion with five new buildings each planned to be around 100,000 square feet. The company also has offices in Bristol, UK; , Netherlands; Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Helsinki, Finland; Melbourne, Australia; Singapore; Trondheim, Norway; and Søborg, Denmark.
Product and market
Epic primarily develops, manufactures, licenses, supports, and sells a proprietary electronic medical record software application, known in whole as 'Epic' or an Epic EMR. The company's healthcare software is centered on its Chronicles database management system. Epic's applications support functions related to patient care, including registration and scheduling; clinical systems for doctors, nurses, emergency personnel, and other care providers; systems for lab technologists, pharmacists, and radiologists; and billing systems for insurers. MyChart is used in the US and other countries to access doctors’ records and for billing purposes. It is used by 150 million patients across the US.
Epic also offers cloud hosting for customers that do not wish to maintain their own servers; and short-term optimization and implementation consultants through their wholly-owned subsidiary Boost, Inc.
The company's competitors include Cerner, MEDITECH, Allscripts, athenahealth, and units of IBM, McKesson, and Siemens.
The majority of U.S. News & World Report's top-ranked hospitals and medical schools use Epic. In 2003, Kaiser Permanente began using Epic for its electronic records system. Among many others, Epic provides electronic record systems for Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, the Cleveland Clinic, Johns Hopkins Hospital, UC Davis Medical Center in Sacramento, and all Mayo Clinic campuses. Partners HealthCare began adopting Epic in 2015 in a project initially reported to cost $1.2 billion, which critics decried and which is greater than the cost of its buildings. By 2018, the total expenses for the project were $1.6 billion, with payments for the software itself amounting to less than $100 million and the majority of the costs caused by lost patient revenues, tech support and other implementation work.
In 2022 Emory Healthcare, Baptist Health and Memorial Hermann Health System all switched to Epic from Cerner.
Criticisms and controversies
Data sharing
Care Everywhere is Epic's health information exchange software, which comes with its electronic health record (EHR, or EMR) system. A 2014 article in The New York Times interviews two doctors who said that their Epic systems wouldn't allow them to share data with users of competitors' software in a way that will satisfy the Meaningful Use requirements of the HITECH Act. At first, Epic charged a fee to send data to some non-Epic systems. Epic said the yearly cost for an average-sized hospital was around $5,000 a year. However, after Congressional hearings, Epic and other major software vendors announced that they would suspend per-transaction sharing fees. Epic customers must still pay for one-time costs of linking Epic to each individual non-Epic system with which they wish to exchange data; in contrast, Epic's competitors have formed the CommonWell Health Alliance which set a common Interoperability Software standard for electronic health records. A 2014 report by the RAND Corporation noted the software was difficult and costly to use in conjunction with other billing systems. The report also cited other research showing that Epic's implementation in the Kaiser Permanente system led to efficiency losses.
In September 2017, Epic announced Share Everywhere, which allows patients to authorize any provider who has internet access to view their record in Epic and to send progress notes back. Share Everywhere was named Healthcare Dive's "Health IT Development of the Year" in 2017.
UK experience
An Epic electronic health record system costing £200 million was installed at Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust in October 2014, the first installation of an Epic system in the UK.
After 2.1 million records were transferred to Epic systems, it developed serious problems and the system became unstable. Ambulances were diverted to other hospitals for five hours and hospital consultants noted issues with blood transfusion and pathology services. Other problems included delays to emergency care and appointments, and problems with discharge letters, clinical letters and pathology test results. Chief information officer, Afzal Chaudhry, said "well over 90% of implementation proceeded successfully".
In July 2015, the BBC reported that the hospital's finances were being investigated. In September 2015, both the CEO and CFO of the hospital resigned. Problems with the clinical-records system, which were said to have compromised the "ability to report, highlight and take action on data" and to prescribe medication properly, were held to be contributory factors in the organization's sudden failure. In February 2016, digitalhealth.net reported that Clare Marx, president of the Royal College of Surgeons of England and member of the NHS National Information Board, found that at the time of implementation, "staff, patients and management rapidly and catastrophically lost confidence in the system. That took months and a huge amount of effort to rebuild."
Danish experience
In 2016, Danish health authorities spent 2.8 billion DKK on the implementation of Epic in 18 hospitals in a region with 2.8 million residents. On May 20, Epic went live in the first hospital. Doctors and nurses reported chaos in the hospital and complained of a lack of preparation and training.
Since some elements of the Epic system were not properly translated from English to Danish, physicians resorted to Google Translate. As one example, when inputting information about a patient's condition, physicians were given the option to report between the left and the "correct" leg, not the left and right legs. As of 2019, Epic had still not been fully integrated with Denmark's national medical record system. Danish anesthesiologist and computer architect Gert Galster worked to adapt the system. According to Galster, these Epic systems were designed specifically to fit the U.S. health care system, and could not be disentangled for use in Denmark.
An audit of the implementation that voiced concerns was published in June 2018. At the end of 2018, 62% of physicians expressed they were not satisfied with the system and 71 physicians signed a petition calling for its removal.
Finnish experience
In 2012, the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa (HUS) decided to replace several smaller health record systems with one district-wide system created by Epic. It was called Apotti and would be used by healthcare and social services for the 2.2 million residents in the HUS area. The Apotti system was selected as the provider in 2015 and implementation started in 2018. By November 2022, the Apotti system had cost 625 million euros.
After the implementation, complaints from healthcare workers, especially from doctors, started accumulating. The system was accused of being too complicated and that its convoluted UI was endangering patient safety. For example, one patient was administered the wrong chemotherapeutic drug due to an unclear selection menu in the system.
In July 2022, a formal complaint demanding that the issues in the system be fixed or the system be removed entirely was sent to the Finnish health care supervising body Valvira. The complaint was signed by 619 doctors that use Apotti.
Norwegian experience
Central Norway started introducing Epic (branded “Helseplattformen”) in the winter 2023. After approximately two months, the public broadcaster NRK reported that around 25% of the doctors at the region's main hospital considered quitting their job, and that 40% were experiencing stress related health issues due to the new IT system. Previously, health personnel actively demonstrated against the software by marching though the city of Trondheim. Due to the chaos ensuing the introduction, including 16.000 letters not being sent to patients, the Norwegian CEO of the Helseplattformen IT project, Torbjørg Vanvik, had her employment ended by the board. Unexpected cost increases forced the authorities to decrease efforts in other areas, such as a planned initiative on mental health. Employee representatives state that the public will receive ”significantly worse services“.
COVID-19 response
In 2020, the novel coronavirus pandemic spread in the United States. Epic Systems faced considerable criticism for their initial plan to have their 10,000 employees return to work on-campus. Employees expressed concern about returning to the office, with the first group being required to return as early as August 10 while the pandemic continued to spread. This plan was abandoned, and as of December 2020, employees were still able to work from home. The plan had come about despite a Dane County public health order requiring remote work "to the greatest extent possible." Criticism revolved in particular around the fact that employees were being ordered back to preserve the company "culture," despite CEO Judy Faulkner's admission that work was getting done remotely. According to The Capital Times, who interviewed 26 Epic employees about the plan, "13 [employees] said they have knowledge of managers being demoted for expressing concern about the company’s plans to bring its nearly 10,000 workers back" to on-campus work, and all requested anonymity for fear of employer retribution.
In a survey of over 400 Epic employees, 89% of respondents expressed dissatisfaction with how Epic was handling the pandemic.
See also
Epic Systems Corp. v. Lewis
References
External links
Epic, state's largest solar producer, to build own wind farm - Milwaukee Journal Sentinel article
Epic Systems feeling heat over interoperability - Modern healthcare article
Epic Systems, Leading Defense EHR Bidder, Slammed for Lack of Interoperability - Nextgov article
Patient records giant Epic Systems will take a big step into the cloud in 2015 - VentureBeat article
Cancer moonshot head recounts exchange with Epic’s Faulkner - Politico article
Software companies based in Wisconsin
Health care companies based in Wisconsin
Electronic health record software companies
Privately held companies based in Wisconsin
Software companies established in 1979
1979 establishments in Wisconsin
Dane County, Wisconsin
Software companies of the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic%20Systems |
The 13th IAAF World Championships in Athletics () was an international athletics competition that was held in Daegu, South Korea. It started on 27 August 2011 and finished on 4 September 2011.
The United States topped the medal standings in the competition with 28 (12 gold, 9 silver, and 7 bronze). During the competition, 41 national records, 4 area records, 3 championship records, and 1 world record was set.
The championships were heavily affected by post-championship doping cases, particularly from the Russian team, who in subsequent years were stripped of eleven medals, seven of them gold.
Bidding process
On 4 April 2006, the IAAF announced that nine countries (United States, South Korea, Australia, Sweden, Spain, Russia, the United Arab Emirates, Croatia and Morocco) had submitted expressions of interest for hosting the 2011 World Championships.
Candidates
When the seeking deadline passed on 1 December 2006, four candidate cities (Brisbane, Daegu, Moscow and Gothenburg) had confirmed their candidatures. Gothenburg backed out later that month, citing lack of financial support from the Swedish government.
Brisbane was announced as the Australian candidate with the Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre (formerly ANZ Stadium) as the proposed venue for a championships to be held in July or August. The stadium previously hosted the 1982 Commonwealth Games and 2001 Goodwill Games. Brisbane also had an unsuccessful bid for the 2009 World Championships in Athletics.
Daegu was the city chosen for the Korean bid, following on from an initial application to host the 2009 edition. Daegu had previously hosted the 2003 Summer Universiade and three matches of the 2002 FIFA World Cup. The World Championships in Athletics had never been staged in mainland Asia, although it has taken place twice in Japan.
The Russian bid had Moscow's Luzhniki Stadium as the proposed venue. The city hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics and the 2006 IAAF World Indoor Championships.
Among the intent candidates were Casablanca (Morocco) and Split (Croatia), both of which were failed bidders for the 2009 World Championships in Athletics. The Spanish candidate was rumored to be either Madrid or Valencia, but Spain eventually settled for Barcelona as a candidate for the 2013 World Championships in Athletics. The United States intent candidate city matched those bidding for the 2016 Summer Olympics: Chicago, Los Angeles or San Francisco.
Selection
The IAAF announced Daegu as the winning candidate at the IAAF Council Meeting in Mombasa on 27 March 2007. Its victory was based on "the quality of the stadiums and [meeting] the need for good crowds." IAAF's officials also praised Daegu's "ambition and challenging spirit" as key to its winning bid. Both Moscow and Brisbane later confirmed their candidacy to host the 2013 World Championships in Athletics – a selection process won by the Russian capital.
Event schedule
All dates are KST (UTC+9)
Results
Men
The events in the men's section ended with a world record in 4 x 100 metres relay set by Jamaica and several world's leading results. Jamaica dominated the sprinting events, while Kenya and Ethiopia dominated the longer track events. In the field events, the United States and Germany were most successful, winning four and three gold medals respectively. Yohan Blake and Usain Bolt, both from Jamaica, won two gold medals, being the most successful athletes in the men's events.
In the 100 m final the largely favored Usain Bolt was disqualified for a false start, enabling Yohan Blake to win the crown with a time of 9.92 s. In the 200 m Bolt won with a time of 19.40 s, which was the fastest time ever not to be a world record at that point. Blake and Bolt, along with countrymen Nesta Carter and Michael Frater, ran in the 4 x 100 metres relay, setting a new world record with a time of 37.04 s. In the 10,000 metres event, World Champion Kenenisa Bekele did not finish the race. The world record holder in 800 m, David Rudisha, won the event with his first gold medal at the World Championships. On the last day, Kenyan Abel Kirui became the third marathon winner to retain the title at the next World Championships, after Abel Anton and Jaouad Gharib.
Most of the field events ended with new winners, but Dwight Phillips retained the long jump title, becoming only the second man after Ivan Pedroso to win four golds at the World Championships in this event.
Ethiopia's Imane Merga was originally awarded the bronze medal in the Men's 5000 metres, but he was later disqualified for having run inside the curb of the running track for some 10 to 15 metres. His teammate Dejen Gebremeskel was elevated to the bronze medal as a result.
Cuba's Dayron Robles finished first in the race of the Men's 110 metres hurdles, but was disqualified for interfering with Liu Xiang twice before and over the last barrier. Jason Richardson was awarded the Gold, Liu the Silver, and Andy Turner promoted to the Bronze medal position.
Track
Field
Women
During the championships, Russia was the most successful country in the women's events, winning seven gold medals, followed by the United States with six. Most successful female athlete was Allyson Felix having won two relay golds and silver and bronze in her individual events. On the first day of the Championships, the athletes of Kenya made an astonishing performance, winning all six medals available in the two events. Kenya also dominated the long-distance events, while Jamaica and the United States the sprinting. In the field events, Russia was initially dominant, winning four gold medals.
Following a series of retests of stored samples and biological passports, a number of athletes were stripped of medals because of doping. Nine medals in eight events were forfeited for doping, eight of them from Russia, including five gold medals. The only Russian medals that survived the post-championship doping purge were two gold medals in the high jump and the hammer throw, and a bronze medals in the pole vault and the 400 metre hurdles. Of the four surviving medalists, a further three were eventually banned for doping.
The amended results left United State the clear leading nation in women's athletics.
Track
Field
Original gold medalist Mariya Abakumova of Russia was stripped of her gold medal.
Original gold medalist Tatyana Chernova of Russia was stripped of her gold medal on 29 November 2016 by the Court of Arbitration for Sport, with Ennis and Oeser promoted to gold and silver respectively and the bronze awarded to Karolina Tymińska of Poland.
Anti-doping programme
On 4 November 2011 the IAAF reported that 2 of the 468 urine samples had produced adverse analytical findings. The samples of Portuguese runner Sara Moreira, a finalist in the women's steeplechase, and Korean relay runner Hee-Nam Lim had both tested positive for methylhexaneamine. Analysis of blood samples is still ongoing.
In March 2012 the Trinidad and Tobago track and field authorities announced that Semoy Hackett had tested positive for methylhexaneamine at the Trinidad and Tobago national championships prior to the World Championships. Her results in the women's 100 metres were annulled and the Trinidadian 4 x 100-metre relay team were also disqualified from fourth place.
An anonymous poll conducted by the World Anti-Doping Agency at the event showed that an estimated 29% of the athletes present at the World Championships had used a banned substance within the last 12 months.
Medal table
Originally, host nation South Korea failed to win any medals at these championships, a fate shared with Sweden in 1995 and Canada in 2001.
However, in 2015, South Korean athlete Kim Hyun-sub was promoted from sixth place to bronze medalist in the 20 km walk after three Russian race walkers were disqualified for doping offences.
Key
Participating nations
On the entry lists prior to the competition, a total of 1943 athletes from 202 national teams were set to participate in the 2011 World Championships in Athletics. The number of accredited athletes that actually participated at the event was 1848, while the total of countries represented was 204.
(Hosts)
See also
2011 IPC Athletics World Championships
References
External links
Website for the IAAF World Championships in Athletics – Daegu 2011
IAAF's Championship website
Entry Standards (IAAF)
Coverage and News at the Guardian
Flotrack Race Interviews with athletes and Race Videos
World Athletics Championships
World Championships in Athletics
World Championships in Athletics
Sports competitions in Daegu
International athletics competitions hosted by South Korea
August 2011 sports events in South Korea
September 2011 sports events in South Korea | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011%20World%20Championships%20in%20Athletics |
Theodore Davis may refer to:
Theodore Davis (Canadian politician) (c. 1778 – 1841)
Theodore M. Davis (1838–1915), American lawyer and archaeologist
Theodore R. Davis (1840–1894), American artist
See also
Ted Davis (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore%20Davis |
Putte Wickman (10 September 1924 – 14 February 2006) was a Swedish jazz clarinetist.
Career
He was born Hans Olof Wickman in Falun, and grew up in Borlänge, Sweden, where his parents hoped he would become a lawyer. He nagged them to allow him to go to high school in Stockholm. When he arrived in the capital he still did not know what jazz was, and said in an interview many years later he was probably the only 15 year-old who did not. Since he did not have access to a piano in Stockholm, he was given a clarinet by his mother as a Christmas present – a life-changing event, as it turned out, as by then he had started to hang out with "the worst elements in the class – those with jazz records".
Artie Shaw and Benny Goodman were the role models for the young Wickman, who, already in 1944, had turned to music full-time. He was taken on as band leader at Stockholm's Nalen and in 1945 the newly founded Swedish newspaper Expressen described him as the country's foremost clarinet player. Wickman considered himself self-taught; he never took classes on the instrument.
He led a band at Nalen for eleven years, and during the 1960s he ran the big band at Gröna Lund and at Puttes, the club he co-owned, at Hornstull in Stockholm. In interviews in his later years, it was clear that he rated his church performances very highly. He was until shortly before his death still active as a musician, giving concerts every year. The technique and tone was still of the highest class, as was the well-pressed suit with a white handkerchief in the breast pocket.
In 1994, Wickman received the Illis Quorum gold medal, today the highest award that can be conferred upon a private Swedish citizen by the government of Sweden. Wickman was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music.
Discography
Putte Wickman (Jockey, 1973)
Happy New Year! (EMI/Odeon, 1973)
Dansa Med Putte (Swedisc, 1974)
Live at the Ahus Jazz Festival (EMI/Odeon, 1975)
Live in Stockholm (Out, 1977)
Some Enchanted Music by Richard Rodgers (Bluebell of Sweden, 1982)
Putte Wickman & Sivuca (Four Leaf Clover 1982)
1949–1952 (Cupol, 1984)
Desire (Four Leaf Clover, 1984)
Mr Clarinet (Four Leaf Clover, 1985)
Live in Gothenburg (Four Leaf Clover, 1986)
Memories of You (Phontastic, 1986)
Miss Oidipus with Hal Galper (Phontastic 1987)
The Very Thought of You with Red Mitchell (Phontastic 1988)
A Fine Together (Phontastic, 1991)
In Silhouette (Phontastic, 1995)
On a Friday (RCA, 1995)
Simple Isn't Easy (Proprius, 1995)
Live at the Pawnshop (Phontastic, 1996)
Back to the Future (RCA Victor, 1997)
Django D'or (Gazell, 1999)
The Champs with Buddy DeFranco (Gazell 1999)
We Will Always Be Together with Jan Lundgren (Gazell 2004)
An Intimate Salute to Frankie with Jan Lundgren (Gazell 2005)
Kinda Dukish with Ernie Wilkins (Gazell 2005)
As sideman
With Arne Domnerus
Blue and Yellow (Phontastic, 1982)
Skyline Drive (Phontastic, 1983)
Live (Lady Bird, 1996)
With Nils Lindberg
Lapponian Suite (Bluebell of Sweden, 1982)
Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day (Bluebell of Sweden, 1986)
7 Dalecarlian Paintings (Swedish Society, 1987)
With Thore Swanerud
More Than You Know (Phontastic, 1985)
Star Dust (Phontastic, 1986)
On the Sunny Side (Beaver, 1987)
With others
Harry Arnold, Harry Arnold Jazz Show Live 1959 (Ancha, 1993)
Harry Arnold, Premiar! (Ancha, 1994)
Susanne Alfvengren, Tidens Hjul (Hawk, 1988)
Svend Asmussen, Musik I Kyrkan (EMI, 1975)
Svend Asmussen, Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen, Telemann Today (Polydor, 1976)
Alice Babs, Charlie Norman, Anders Berglund, Swingtime Again (RCA Victor, 1998)
Berndt Egerbladh, TwoSome (Lady Bird, 1998)
Leonard Feather, Leonard Feather & The Swinging Swedes (Cupol, 1974)
Lars Gullin, 1959/60 Vol 4 Stockholm Street (Dragon, 1998)
Thore Jederby, Bas: Thore Jederby (Odeon, 1970)
Asa Jinder, Inom Mig Log Hjartat (Eagle 1989)
Sofia Kallgren, Mina Sanger (Big Bag, 1994)
Roger Kellaway, Red Mitchell, Some O' This and Some O' That (Phontastic, 1990)
John Lewis, Red Mitchell, The John Lewis Album (Finesse, 1987)
Silje Nergaard, Port of Call (EmArcy, 2000)
Joe Newman, Counting Five in Sweden (Metronome, 1966)
Povel Ramel, Wenche Myhre, PoW Show (Knappupp, 2005)
Georg Riedel, Kirbitz (Phontastic, 1985)
Sivuca, Sivuca Med Putte Wickmans Orkester (Interdisc, 1968)
Sylvia Vrethammar, Georgie Fame, In Goodmansland (Sonet, 1983)
Bengt-Arne Wallin, Nils Landgren, Miles from Duke (Phono Suecia, 1986)
Roy Williams, Royal Trombone (Phontastic, 1984)
Roy Williams, Again! Roy Williams in Sweden (Phontastic, 1987)
References
External links
"Putte Wickman är död" (in Swedish) by Sven Malm, Svenska Dagbladet (February 14, 2006)
"Tonen har klingat ut" (in Swedish) by Måns Wallgren, Dagens Nyheter (February 14, 2006)
1924 births
2006 deaths
People from Falun
Swedish jazz musicians
Litteris et Artibus recipients
Artists from Dalarna
Deaths from cancer in Sweden
Male jazz musicians
20th-century Swedish male musicians
Recipients of the Illis quorum | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putte%20Wickman |
Leonard Clark (1 August 1905 – September 1981) was an English poet, writer, editor, and educator. Though his works do occasionally mention Devon and Yorkshire, they always return to the Forest of Dean. His pieces center around people and places familiar to him from, as well as the nature of, his hometown Cinderford.
Biography
Clark was born on 1 August 1905 in Saint Peter Port, Guernsey to a governess out of wedlock. He was sent to live with widow Sarah Annie George and her sons Allan, George, and Frederick in Cinderford in the Forest of Dean. The family regularly attended St. Stephen's Church. Though he came to consider Sarah Annie, Allan, George, and Frederick his family, he struggled with feeling like an outside throughout his life. Clark attended Bilson Primary School and Double View School (now Heywood Community School) before earning a scholarship to Monmouth School in Monmouth, Wales; he was unable to continue his education at Monmouth due to financial constraints. In his final year of school, Clark met Forest poet F.W. Harvey, who served as his mentor and helped him write and publish a collection of poetry in 1923.
Clark worked as a pupil teacher with the goal of eventually becoming an educator. He taught from 1922—1928 in Gloucestershire before earning his Certificate in Education from Bangor Normal College in 1930. He then moved to London, where he taught from 1930—1936. In 1936, he became an Inspector of Education for Ofsted, a position he held until his retirement in 1970. In this role, he worked in Devon, Yorkshire, and London. Clark married Florence Tobias in 1933 at St. Stephen's Church; Harvey served as his best man. In the late 1930s, the couple moved to Plymouth. Their newborn son Robin died in 1939 and they divorced shortly after. Clark had at least one more son.
Clark wrote more than 50 books of poetry, prose, anthologies, and essays of his own and edited more than 20 more during his career. Some of his best known works are The Hearing Heart, Singing in the Streets: Poems for Christmas, and English Morning and Other Poems. He wrote a biography of Alfred Williams in his early years and edited collections by Andrew Young, Walter de la Mare, and Ivor Gurney. He also edited the Longman's Poetry Library series, was consulting editor for Chatto & Windus' children's poetry books and to Thornhill Press, and contributed frequently to The Citizen and the Dean Forest Mercury.
In 1966, Clark was awarded an OBE. He was also a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and received the Children's Literature Association's award for "his critical article Poetry and Children" published in 1978. In 1970, he was made a knight of St. Sylvester. He was on the Literature Panel of the Arts Council and on the Westminster Dioceses School Panel.
Clark died in September 1981 at his London home. His son scattered half his ashes from the viewpoint in Symonds Yat and interred the other half in St. Stephen's Church. A plaque marks his resting place.
Legacy and impact
In 2018, Tom Cousins painted a mural on the side of a Cinderford bakery featuring Clark along with fellow Forest poets Winifred Foley and Harry Beddington. His poem Stillborn is written in the voice of a mother who has lost her child and wonders: "[did] you [reject] us?" It is still used in support groups for families of stillborn babies.
Selected bibliography
Poetry
English Morning and Other Poems (1953)
Near and Far: Poems for Children (1968)
The Broad Atlantic (1974)
The Hearing Heart (1974)
The Way It Was: Poems (1980)
An Intimate Landscape (1981)
Children's stories
Robert Andrew Tells a Story (1965)
Robert Andrew by the Sea (1965)
Robert Andrew in the Country (1966)
Mr. Pettigrew's Harvest Festival (1974)
Mr. Pettigrew's Train (1975)
Mr. Pettigrew and the Bellringers (1976)
Anthologies and compilations
The Open Door: An Anthology of Verse for Juniors (1937)
The Magic Kingdom: An Anthology of Verse for Seniors (1937)
All Things New (1965)
All Along, Down Along: A Book of Stories in Verse (1971)
Prose
Green Wood: A Gloucestershire Childhood (1962)
A Fool in the Forest (1965)
Grateful Caliban (1967)
An Inspector Remembers (1976)
Edited books
Prospect of a Poet: Essays and Tributes by Fourteen Writers by Andrew Young (1957)
The Collected Poems by Andrew Young (1963)
Sound of Battle by Ivor Gurney (1969)
Biographies
A Handlist of the Writings in Book Form (1902—53) of Walter de la Mare (1953)
Walter de la Mare: A Checklist (1956)
Alfred Williams: His Life and Work (1969)
References
1905 births
1981 deaths
20th-century English poets
People from Saint Peter Port
People from Cinderford
People from Forest of Dean District
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Knights of the Order of St. Sylvester
British poets
English poets
English male poets
British writers
20th-century English writers
20th-century English male writers
English children's writers
Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature
British editors
English editors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard%20Clark%20%28poet%29 |
Alice in Glamourland () is a 2004 Dutch comedy film, directed by Pieter Kramer and starring Linda de Mol and Joan Collins. The story is about a poor single mother, who participates in a course about 'How to marry a millionaire'.
The film received a Golden Film (100,000 visitors).
Plot
A poor, single woman called Ellis (Linda de Mol), with a son, who meets Susan (Joan Collins), who wrote a successful book about 'How to marry a millionaire' and who now teaches classes on the subject.
Ellis attends the course, which is offered her for free. As a result, she meets many millionaires, of which several want to marry her. For one man who seemed rich, this turns out not to be the case. Nevertheless, after all Ellis chooses him.
Cast
Linda de Mol as Ellis Vermeulen
Joan Collins as Susan
Chris Tates as Gijs
Kees Hulst as Meindert Jan
Accolades
Golden Film for 100,000 visitors in the Netherlands (2004)
Golden Calf for Best Screenplay of a Feature Film (2004) for Mischa Alexander
Award for Best Feature at the Stony Brook Film Festival (2005) for Pieter Kramer
References
External links
2004 films
2004 comedy films
Dutch comedy films
2000s Dutch-language films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice%20in%20Glamourland |
Darry Cowl (born André Darricau; 27 August 1925 – 14 February 2006) was a French comedian, actor and musician. He won a César Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role in 2004 for his role as a concierge in Pas sur la bouche (Not on the lips), which was his last appearance.
He was born in Vittel and came to prominence when he was cast by Sacha Guitry in Assassins et voleurs (1956) (Assassins and Robbers). Following this he turned to acting in cinema roles and soon gained celebrity status with his role as Antoine Péralou in Le Triporteur (1957) (The Tricycle).
A game addict, he often acted only for money in films that did not stretch his acting ability. He explained this by noting he did not read the script (or, on occasion, know the title) of the work in which he was to act.
He played Major Archibald in the 1974 film Don't Touch the White Woman!.
He had hoped to return to theatre acting in Hold Up in September 2005 but ill-health prevented this. At age 80, he died in Neuilly-sur-Seine from complications of lung cancer.
Selected filmography
Four Days in Paris (1955) - L'aviculteur
The Duratons (1955) - M. Mathieu - le surveillant général
Maid in Paris (1956) - Daniel, le casseur d'assiettes
Bonjour sourire (1956) - Le médecin
Naughty Girl (1956) - Man with Suitcase
Ces sacrées vacances (1956) - Un voisin
La joyeuse prison (1956) - Maître Larigot
Plucking the Daisy (1956) - Hubert Dumont
Short Head (1956) - Le réceptionniste de l'hôtel
Paris, Palace Hotel (1956) - Jules Hoyoyo
Lovers and Thieves (1956) - Jean-Henri Lardenois - le faux témoin
Les lumières du soir (1956) - (uncredited)
L'amour descend du ciel (1957) - Dédé
Love in Jamaica (1957) - Pater Noster
Cinq millions comptant (1957) - Philémon de Montfilet
Les 3 font la paire (1957) - Henri Valpreux, le metteur en scène
L'ami de la famille (1957) - Pierre Bernicaud
Fric-frac en dentelles (1957) - Le détective amateur
Les Lavandières du Portugal (1957) - Paul
On Foot, on Horse, and on Wheels (1957) - Hubert
Ce joli monde (1957) - Gaston
Fumée blonde (1957) - Emile Gachit
Le triporteur (1957) - Antoine Peyralout
Le naïf aux 40 enfants (1957) - Le marchand d'échelles
The Lady Doctor (1957) - Egisto
Le temps des oeufs durs (1958) - Louis Stainval
Chéri, fais-moi peur (1958) - Jérôme Lenoir
Be Beautiful But Shut Up (1958) - L'inspecteur Jerome
School for Coquettes (1958) - Gégène
A Dog, a Mouse, and a Sputnik (1958) - Hubert
Le petit prof (1959) - Jérôme Aubin
Archimède le clochard (1959) - Arsène
The Indestructible (1959) - Hippolyte
Vous n'avez rien à déclarer? (1959) - Labaule
Les affreux (1959) - Fernand Mouchette
Monsieur Robinson Crusoe (1960) - Antoine Peyralout
Bouche cousue (1960) - Martin
Les pique-assiette (1960) - Edouard
Love and the Frenchwoman (1960) - Dr. Dufieux (segment "Enfance, L'")
Les fortiches (1961) - Riri et JoJo
Les amours de Paris (1961) - Gimenez
Un Martien à Paris (1961) - Pierre Dubois
Les moutons de Panurge (1961) - Charles Renard
Les livreurs (1961) - Édouard
The Lions Are Loose (1961) - Richard (uncredited)
Tales of Paris (1962) - Hubert Parker (segment "Ella")
Girl on the Road (1962) - Le journaliste
Tartarin of Tarascon (1962) - L'homme en panne dans le désert
Les Bricoleurs (1963) - Félix
L'abominable homme des douanes (1963) - Campo Santos
People in Luck (1963) - Simon Taquet (segment "Une nuit avec une vedette")
Strip Tease (1963) - Paul
Les Saintes-Nitouches (1963)
Le bon roi Dagobert (1963) - Le maître- bourreau Richardic
Salad by the Roots (1964) - Gratiopoulos
Jealous as a Tiger (1964) - Henri
The Gorillas (1964) - Edouard
Les gros bras (1964) - Ludovic Gabasse
I magnifici brutos del West (1964) - Jackson
Les baratineurs (1965) - César Brandini
Déclic et des claques (1965) - Un invité
La bonne occase (1965) - Le polytechnicien
The Double Bed (1965) - Le frère de la fiancée (segment 3 "La répétition")
La tête du client (1965) - L'agent André
Les Bons Vivants (1965) - L'avocat de la défense (Léonard) (segment "Le procès")
Up to His Ears (1965) - Biscoton
Les combinards (1966) - Léo
Les malabars sont au parfum (1966) - Cassius 0001
Your Money or Your Life (1966) - Marquy
Le grand bidule (1967) - Barratier
Ces messieurs de la famille (1968) - Albert Pelletier
Salut Berthe! (1968) - Didier
Le bourgeois gentil mec (1969) - Perrugo
Poussez pas grand-père dans les cactus (1969) - Doctor Biraque
Ces messieurs de la gâchette (1970) - Albert Pelletier
Elle cause plus, elle flingue (1972) - Le commissaire Adrien Bondu
L'Heptaméron (Joyeux compères) (1973) - L'apothicaire
Don't Touch the White Woman! (1974) - Maj. Archibald
La gueule de l'emploi (1974) - Le patron de l'Arquebuse
Y'a un os dans la moulinette (1974) - Gaston
C'est jeune et ça sait tout! (1974) - Le livreur
Trop c'est trop (1975) - Lucifer
Le jour de gloire (1976) - Le curé
Arrête ton char... bidasse! (1977) - Colonel Lessard
Un oursin dans la poche (1977) - Howard Bachs
Général... nous voilà! (1978) - Le Père Blanc
Les Borsalini (1980) - Pépé
Voulez-vous un bébé Nobel? (1980) - Professor Joseph Menzano
Les surdoués de la première compagnie (1981) - Colonel Boussardon
Le bahut va craquer (1981) - Le prof de maths
T'es folle ou quoi? (1982) - Himself
Pour cent briques, t'as plus rien... (1982) - Le concierge flic
On s'en fout... nous on s'aime (1982) - Le père de Julien
Qu'est-ce qui fait craquer les filles... (1982) - The journalist
Deux heures moins le quart avant Jésus-Christ (1982) - Faucuius
Ça va pas être triste (1983) - Jack Renard, the Mayor
On l'appelle Catastrophe (1983) - Le juge d'instruction
Mon curé chez les Thaïlandaises (1983) - Tête-de-fer, le pirate
Le téléphone sonne toujours deux fois!! (1985) - L'agent de police
Liberté, égalité, choucroute (1985) - Rouget de l'Isle
Suivez mon regard (1986) - Le cafetier
Les Saisons du plaisir (1988) - Daniel D.
Une nuit à l'Assemblée Nationale (1988) - Kayser
Ville à vendre (1992) - Emilio Bingo - le vétérinaire
Les Misérables (1995) - Le bouquiniste / Bookseller
Ma femme me quitte (1996) - Stéphane Lasser
Straight into the Wall (1997) - Le patient
Augustin, King of Kung-Fu (1999) - René
Drug Scenes (2000)
Le nouveau Jean-Claude (2002) - Jeff
If I Were a Rich Man (2002) - M. Sylvain
Les Marins perdus (2003) - Falco
Not on the Lips (2003) - Madame Foin
Le Cou de la girafe (2004) - Léo
Les Dalton (2004) - Le Vieil Homme
L'homme qui rêvait d'un enfant (2006) - Jules K.
La vie privée (2006) - Mr. Mellifond (final film role)
External links
Darry Cowl official website
Nanarland.com
Le coin du cinéphage
1925 births
2006 deaths
20th-century French male actors
21st-century French male actors
20th-century French musicians
Deaths from lung cancer in France
People from Vosges (department)
French male film actors
French male television actors
French male stage actors
French male comedians
People from Hauts-de-Seine
Best Supporting Actor César Award winners
César Honorary Award recipients | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darry%20Cowl |
Zagrebačka Televizija (Television of Zagreb), also known as Z1 Televizija, is a local commercial television station based in capital city of Croatia, Zagreb. Television started its broadcasting in August 2004 as Z1.
It was also known by the name TV Sljeme.
There are more notable TV talk shows produced and aired on Z1 are Nightmare Stage by Željko Malnar, Večernji pressing by N. Cvijanović, Vježbanje demokracije by B. Vukšić, Ćiroskop by Miroslav Blažević, Opasne veze by T. Dujmović and others.
Z1 is controversial in its daily programing (especially the show ''Bujica'' of rightwing activist Velimir Bujanec) and was deplatformed by national media regulator twice, in 2016 and 2018, due to hate speech.
Controversies and broadcasting bans
The first ban on Z1 television broadcasting was passed on January 22, 2016, due to hate speech on the show Markov trg. The decision to stop broadcasting was made by the Council for Electronic Media after the host Marko Jurič closed the show Markov trg with the words: "Notice to the citizens of Zagreb, to all who walk the Flower Square: be careful since there is a church nearby where, to paraphrase a Serb minister, Chetnik vicars reside. Be careful when walking through Cvjetni Square, especially mothers with children, so that none of these Chetnik vicars would run out of the church and in their manner of slaughter perform their bloody feast on our most beautiful square in Zagreb, which may be marked with "watch out, sharp Chetnik nearby" signs.
The Council described it as "favoring and inciting hatred or discrimination based on race or ethnic origin or color, sex, language, religion, political or other belief, national or social origin ... (...)". The revocation of the concession began at 00:00 on January 26, 2016, and the ban lasted for three days. Due to this decision, about five thousand protesters gathered in front of the Council building and protested against the decision.
The second ban on broadcasting was passed in 2018 due to hate speech established in the show Bujica hosted by Velimir Bujanac on November 5, 2018. Apart from Z1 television, the ban on broadcasting was also given to other partner televisions that broadcast the said show: SBTV, Osijek Television, Srca TV, Adriatic TV, and TV Jadran. Due to the broadcast and rerun of the show Z1, the television was punished with a 24-hour ban on broadcasting on December 3, 2018.
References
External links
Television channels and stations established in 2004
Mass media in Zagreb
Television channels in Croatia
2004 establishments in Croatia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z1%20%28television%29 |
Lady Godiva Rides Again is a 1951 British comedy film starring Pauline Stroud, George Cole and Bernadette O'Farrell, with British stars in supporting roles or making cameo appearances. It concerns a small-town English girl who wins a local beauty contest by appearing as Lady Godiva, then decides to pursue a higher profile in a national beauty pageant and as an actress.
The film was released in the United States under its original title in 1953 by Carroll Pictures, then was re-released in the United States as Bikini Baby, to capitalize on the profile of supporting player Diana Dors, who was given star billing with the new title.
It also features Joan Collins in her film debut as an uncredited beauty contestant. Ruth Ellis, the last woman to be executed in England, also appears as an uncredited beauty queen. Ruth, who was four months pregnant at the time, had dyed her hair black and had styled it into a bob. Other young starlets in the film included Diana Russell, Dana Wynter (billed as Dagmar Wynter), Anne Heywood (billed as Violet Pretty), Yvonne Brooks, Simone Silva, Jean Marsh and Pat Marlowe. It also featured Sid James in one of his first film roles. Trevor Howard has an uncredited cameo as a cinema patron.
Plot
On a rainy Sunday afternoon in Coventry Johnny takes his girlfriend to the cinema. In the intermission between films, as Johnny gets an ice-cream, she sees an advertisement on-screen asking for girls to compete for the position of Lady Godiva in the annual street festival. She decides she will enter.
Cast
Pauline Stroud as Marjorie Clark
Bernadette O'Farrell as Janie
George Cole as Johnny
Stanley Holloway as Mr. Clark
Gladys Henson as Mrs. Clark
John McCallum as Larry Burns
Dennis Price as Simon Abott
Diana Dors as Dolores August
Eddie Byrne as Eddie Mooney
Kay Kendall as Sylvia Clark
Cyril Chamberlain as Harry
Lyn Evans as Vic
Dora Bryan as Publicity Woman
Sid James as Lew Beeson
Richard Wattis as Casting Director
Renee Houston as Beattie
Arthur Howard as Soap Publicity Man
Michael Ripper as Joe - Stage Manager
Dana Wynter as Myrtle Shaw
Leslie Mitchell as TV interviewer
Tommy Duggan as a Compere
Felix Felton as a Councillor
Anne Heywood as Dorothy Marlowe, beauty pageant contestant
Alastair Sim as Hawtrey Murington (uncredited)
Googie Withers as Susan Foster (uncredited)
Trevor Howard as a cinema patron extra (uncredited)
Joan Collins as beauty pageant contestant (uncredited)
Ruth Ellis as beauty pageant contestant (uncredited)
Jean Marsh as beauty pageant contestant (uncredited)
Production
The film was inspired by the Miss Kent 1950 beauty competition held at Leas Cliff Hall in Kent. Frank Launder, joint producer of the film with Leslie Gilliatt, was one of the judges in the competition. Audrey Hepburn tested for the title role but was judged too thin.
The film was originally called Beauty Queen.
The filmmakers reportedly tested over 500 women to play the lead role including Joan Collins and Audrey Hepburn. The actor picked was Pauline Stroud. Her only previous film experience was as Vera-Ellen's stand-in in Happy Go Lovely (1951). Collins was given a bit part.
It was the first time John McCallum, who was Australian, played an Australian in a British film. Kay Kendall was cast as Stroud's sister after Launder saw her in a BBC play; the film helped revive Kendall's career after London Town.
Filming took place in June–July 1951. The production filmed on location in Folkestone, Kent. The Leas Cliff Hall was used as the location for the beauty competition, and The Metropole was the setting for the seaside hotel hosting the Fascination Soap Pageant. Folkestone West station features in the film for the railway scenes where Marjorie Clark (Pauline Stroud) arrives and meets Dolores August (Diana Dors) and her consorts, Larry and Vic. The now closed Rotunda Amusement Park was also used for the scenes where Larry (John McCallum) and Marjorie visit and go on rides.
Diana Dors appeared in a swimsuit in one scene. She shot two versions – one in a bikini for release in Europe, another in a more conservative swimsuit for release in America. American censors objected to the content of the film, including the revealing nature of outfits worn by Diana Dors.
Reception
Filmink said Dors "livens up every scene she appears in and her part is too small (she disappears in the second half); once again, the movie would have been better had Dors played the lead."
References
External links
Lady Godiva Rides Again at the British Film Institute
Lady Godiva Rides Again at Letterbox DVD
1951 films
1951 comedy films
British comedy films
Films directed by Frank Launder
Lady Godiva
Films set in England
Films set in London
Films shot in Kent
Films shot at Shepperton Studios
Films scored by William Alwyn
British black-and-white films
Films about beauty pageants
British Lion Films films
London Films films
1950s English-language films
1950s British films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady%20Godiva%20Rides%20Again |
Lawrence College Ghora Gali is a school situated in Murree Tehsil, Punjab, Pakistan. The college is located in the foothills of the Himalayas and Pir Panjal at a height of about 1950 metres (6395 feet) above sea level, covering an area of . It is 4 km from Murree and 57 km from Rawalpindi/Islamabad.
History
The college was founded in 1860 for the orphans of British soldiers and was named after Sir Henry Montgomery Lawrence.
Notable alumni
Shahid Khaqan Abbasi, former Prime Minister of Pakistan
Ayaz Amir
Mumtaz Bhutto
Sarfraz Bugti
Reginald Dyer
Ismail Gulgee
Usman Ali Isani, educationist
Jamal Nazrul Islam
Zafarullah Khan Jamali, former Prime Minister Of Pakistan
Lt. Gen. Imran Ullah Khan
Raja Muhammad Zulqarnain Khan, former President of Azad Kashmir
Gen. Shamim Alam Khan
Ikram Sehgal
V/Adm. Kaleem Shaukat
Aftab Ahmad Khan Sherpao
See also
Army Burn Hall College
Lawrence Military Asylums
Lawrence School, Sanawar
Lawrence School, Lovedale
References
External links
Lawrence College Official website
The Magic Mountains: Hill Stations and the British Raj
Old Gallians Database
Pakistan Army
Boarding schools in Pakistan
Universities and colleges in Murree
Education in Murree
Buildings and structures in Murree
Schools in Murree
Educational institutions established in 1860 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence%20College%20Ghora%20Gali |
Ralph Roberts was an American automotive designer who worked for the Chrysler Corporation during the 1930s and 1940s.
LeBaron
Although a designer Roberts joined the founders of design practice LeBaron in 1921 to look after administration. The founders left but he remained in the practice which grew to manufacture car bodies and was taken over in 1927 by Briggs. Roberts moved to Briggs along with LeBaron.
Briggs Motor Bodies
Roberts spent much of the second half of the 1930s in England setting up the Briggs Manufacturing Company plant for the bodies for Ford Dagenham.
Glass fiber
Jack Wills of Pasadena California brought in Roberts and formed Wills and Roberts Manufacturing Company (WiRo or WilRo) in 1942 to make plastic housings for Aerojet and fiberglass droppable boats using one of the first polyester resins — Lamitex —and Owens-Corning Fiberglas. Postwar Roberts designed and built a clay model in 1946 for a fibreglass body later briefly made and sold as the Skorpion car.
References
American automobile designers
Chrysler designers
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph%20Roberts%20%28automotive%20designer%29 |
Newtown is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It is part of the Greater Danbury metropolitan area as well as the New York metropolitan area. Newtown was founded in 1705, and later incorporated in 1711. As of the 2020 census, its population was 27,173. The town is part of the Western Connecticut Planning Region.
History
In 1705, English colonists purchased the Townsite from the Pohtatuck Indians, a branch of the Pasgussett. It was originally known as Quanneapague. Settled by migrants from Stratford and incorporated in 1711, Newtown residents had many business and trading ties with the English. It was a stronghold of Tory sentiment during the early Revolutionary War. Late in the war, French General Rochambeau and his troops encamped there in 1781 during their celebrated march on their way to the siege of Yorktown, Virginia, which ended the Revolution.
An important crossroads throughout its early history, the village of Hawleyville briefly emerged as a railroad center. The town's population grew to over 4,000 . In the following decades, the population dwindled to a low of 2,635 in 1930 before again growing.
Local industry has included the manufacture of furniture, tea bags, combs, fire hoses, folding boxes, buttons, and hats, as well as farming, and mica and feldspar mining. The game of "Scrabble" was developed here by James Brunot.
From the period of highway development and suburbanization following World War II, the town has developed as a suburb of Danbury, with many people also commuting to Norwalk, Stamford, and Bridgeport.
The Newtown Bee
The local newspaper, The Newtown Bee has been the hometown media outlet since June 1877, under Publisher John Pearce of Bethel. The Smith family purchased the newspaper in 1881 and has continuously operated it since that time.
Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting
, Adam Lanza shot and killed his mother in her home and then drove to Sandy Hook Elementary School where he killed 20 children and six adult staff. He committed suicide when police arrived at the school.
Lanza suffered from severe mental illness which was left untreated. The event reignited a debate regarding access to firearms by people with mental illness and gun laws in the United States.
Geography
The northeastern border of the town is a natural border that follows the Housatonic River.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and , or 2.22%, is water. Newtown is located in northern Fairfield County, about southwest of Hartford and about northeast of New York City. The state's fifth largest town in area, it is bordered by Bethel, Bridgewater, Brookfield, Easton, Monroe, Oxford, Redding and Southbury.
Principal communities
Botsford (ZIP code 06470)
Dodgingtown
Hattertown
Hawleyville (ZIP code 06470)
Newtown Borough (ZIP code 06470)
Rocky Glen
Sandy Hook (ZIP code 06482) (including Berkshire, Riverside, Walnut Tree Hill, and Zoar communities)
Smaller communities include Camelot, Head of Meadow (not necessarily related to Head O'Meadow Elementary School), Hopewell, Huntingtown, Lands End, Middle Gate, Palestine, and Taunton.
Demographics
As of the 2020 census, the total population was 27,179 in 9,934 households. As of the census of 2000, there were 25,031 people, 8,325 households, and 6,776 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 8,601 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 95.14% White, 1.75% Black or African American, 0.14% Native American, 1.40% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.64% from other races, and 0.89% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.36% of the population.
There were 8,325 households, out of which 44.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 73.3% were married couples living together, 5.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.6% were non-families. 14.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.90 and the average family size was 3.24.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 29.3% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 32.5% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 8.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.5 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $90,193, and the median income for a family was $99,192 (these figures had risen to $101,937 and $119,175 respectively as of a 2007 estimate). Males had a median income of $68,965 versus $42,217 for females. The per capita income for the town was $37,786. About 2.2% of families and 3.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.0% of those under age 18 and 3.9% of those age 65 or over.
Parks and recreation
The town of Newtown offers many programs for area residents. Numerous parks and fields offer playgrounds, swimming, tennis, softball, baseball, volleyball, lacrosse, soccer, as well as a nature center and trails. Prominent Newtown parks include Treadwell Park, Dickinson Park, and Collis P. Huntington State Park. Treadwell Park, named after former selectman Timothy Treadwell, contains recreation facilities and the town pool. Dickinson park used to contain a swimming pool, which was a large asphalt-lined bowl-shaped depression surrounded by a grass "beach". It was a uniquely safe design for children because there was no "deep end"; however, it lacked a formal filtration system and required attendants to periodically row out and manually add chlorine to the water. The asphalt was removed and the pond pool filled with earth in 2006.
Government
In Connecticut politics, the town of Newtown is required to have both a Democratic and a Republican Town Committee. The Town Committee members vote on which candidates to endorse for public elections. Elected to a two-year term, the Board of Selectmen supervise the administration of the affairs of the town, except those matters which by the General Statute or Town Charter are exclusively committed to the Board of Education or other departments. They are led by a First Selectman, who is the Chief Executive and Administrative Officer of the town. The Board of Selectmen, with the assistance of the departments and boards and commission, prepares the annual budget for the town in February. The Board of Education prepares and passes an education budget for the town schools at the same time. Both budgets then proceed to the Board of Finance, who reviews the town budget and education budget before being sent to the Legislative Council. The Legislative Council of 12 members (elected to the same two-year terms) acts as the legislative body of the town and has the power to pass ordinances and approve budgets for referendums. Final budget approval is subject to a town-wide referendum. These procedures are set forth in the Town Charter adopted and reviewed by the citizens.
The Borough of Newtown occupies about (or roughly two square miles) in the central part of town. Incorporated in 1824 by an act of the Connecticut General Assembly, it is one of only nine boroughs in the state. The borough adopted zoning for the town center long before the rest of the community. The lot sizes are smaller than the minimum lots of the rest of the community. The borough also has running public water provided by the Water & Sewer Authority. Much of the borough is sewered, whereas most of the rest of the town have wells and septic systems.
Law enforcement
The Newtown Police Department was founded in 1971.
Landmarks
Newtown has a number of local landmarks. The flagpole, first erected in 1876, now stands in the center of Main Street. Across from the flagpole is Newtown Meeting House, which served as the town's Congregational church for many years. The rooster weather vane (a town symbol), located atop the meeting house, is said to have been used as a target by French soldiers encamped here in 1781 during the Revolutionary War.
Hawley School is a landmark constructed in the 1920s. It has been used as a whole-town school, a high school, and an elementary school, its current function. Though it has served many different school functions, its original section has remained much the same. Two additions have been added.
Newtown is the site of Fairfield Hills Hospital, a state psychiatric hospital constructed in the 1930s and closed in 1995. The hospital was used as the set of the juvenile facility in the film Sleepers in 1995. In 2004, Newtown purchased the property and, as of 2007, was considering a controversial plan for redevelopment. In 2008, the Newtown Youth Academy began to operate there; extracurricular amenities include a fitness section, basketball courts, and a turf field.
Edmond Town Hall
Constructed in 1930 by a private benefactress for the community, the Town Hall is used for public-private purposes. Offices for the town are located there. The facility also has available for private rental the Alexandria Room for weddings, parties and recitals; and smaller meeting rooms that can be reserved by community groups. A gymnasium is used for community sports events, as well as private parties, and art or craft shows.
The Edmond Town hall is notable for its cinema. The theater shows popular films shortly after they leave mainstream theaters. It is the only $3 film theater in Connecticut. It is a popular spot for middle school and high school students.
The theater has been the primary venue for the Newtown Friends of Music chamber music concerts, the Flagpole Radio Café productions, and several others. The "Live at the Edmond Town Hall" concert series was created by Newtown resident Hayden Bates in 2009. All proceeds are put towards aiding the Edmond's theater upgrades. Headliners have included The Low Anthem, The Bill Frisell and Sam Amidon Duo, Brown Bird and Phosphorescent. In 2014, the theater began showing classic films through the Sunday Cinema Series, later changed to the Someday Cinema Series. A dozen films from 1939 were selected to celebrate The Greatest Year in Film, most sponsored by community members and local businesses, and presented by the Newtown Cultural Arts Commission.
The Board of Managers of the Hall is composed of six members serving six-year terms. At each regular Town Election, two members are elected, who must represent different political parties. According to Town Charter, the Board "shall have the exclusive care and maintenance of Edmond Town Hall and all grounds and buildings appurtenant thereto, together with all powers and duties prescribed for said Board by Special Act No. 98 of the 1931 session by which it was created, as amended by Special Act No. 517 of the 1953 session".
The architect was Philip Sutherland, who also designed Cyrenius H. Booth Library. The Town Hall was constructed for the community by a local benefactress Mary Elizabeth Hawley and dedicated in 1930. The building was named for Miss Hawley's maternal great-grandfather Judge William Edmond.
Cyrenius H. Booth Library
Newtown's public library was opened December 17, 1932, with a capacity for 25,000 volumes. The library is a posthumous gift of Mary Elizabeth Hawley. She named it for her maternal grandfather, a doctor in town from 1820 until his death in 1871. Hawley's gift paid for construction of the building, and an endowment, a trust fund of about $250,000. As a result, the town did not have to provide any financial support to the library until the 1980s.
Designed by Philip Sutherland, the building was considered one of the most modern libraries of its time, with several innovative features. The building was fireproof, had cork floors and acoustic ceiling tiles to deaden sound, and had a built-in humidifying unit and a centralized vacuum cleaner.
In January 1998 an addition to the rear of the building was completed and officially opened. The expansion doubled the available floor space. It provides areas for meetings and displays of art and local historical artifacts from the library's large collection.
National Register of Historic Places
Caleb Baldwin Tavern – 32 Main Street (added September 23, 2002)
Camps Nos. 10 and 41 of Rochambeau's Army, archeological site on grounds of Hawley School (added June 6, 2002)
Glover House – 50 Main Street (added March 11, 1982)
Hattertown Historic District – Roughly, junction of Aunt Park Lane, Castle Meadow, Hattertown, and Hi Barlow roads (added 1996)
John Glover House – 53 Echo Valley Road (added September 17, 2001)
March Route of Rochambeau's Army: Reservoir Road – Junction of Reservoir Road and Mount Pleasant Road South (added February 8, 2003)
Nathan B. Lattin Farm – 22 Walker Hill Road (added June 24, 1990)
New York Belting and Packing Co. – 45–71 and 79–89 Glen Road (added July 2, 1982)
Newtown Borough Historic District – Roughly, Main Street from Hawley Road to Academy Lane (added 1996)
Nichols Satinet Mill Site (added March 23, 1996)
Sanford–Curtis–Thurber House (added 2007)
Economy
Of the residents of Newtown, especially prior to the rise of remote work that became more prevalent after the COVID-19 pandemic, many commuted for work to Manhattan, Hartford, and Stamford.
Major employers
According to the Newtown Connecticut Economic Development Commission, the top employers in the Newtown and Sandy Hook area are:
Education
The Newtown Public Schools district operates four elementary schools (Hawley Elementary School, Head O'Meadow Elementary School, Middle Gate Elementary School, and Sandy Hook Elementary School) that serve grades K–4, Reed Intermediate School serving grades 5–6, Newtown Middle School serving grades 7–8, and Newtown High School serving grades 9–12.
Newtown also has several private and parochial schools, including St. Rose of Lima Roman Catholic School, the Fraser-Woods Montessori School, and the Housatonic Valley Waldorf School.
In 2010, six educators made the top salary list in Newtown, Connecticut.
Notable people
Renata Adler (born 1938), author
John Ball (born 1972), soccer player
Mary Augustine Barber (1789–1860), educator and Visitandine nun
William Bayer (born 1939), novelist
Cyrus Beers (1786–1850), U.S. Representative from New York
Charles Chapman (1799–1869), U.S. Representative from Connecticut
Suzanne Collins (born 1962), author of the best-selling The Hunger Games book series
Joanna Cole (1944–2020), author of The Magic School Bus series
Robert Cottingham (born 1935), photorealist painter
Bruce Degen (born 1945), illustrator of The Magic School Bus series
Henry Dutton (1796–1869), former Connecticut governor
Edward Eliscu (1902–1998), songwriter
Joseph F. Engelberger (1925–2015), roboticist
Scott Fellows (born 1965), producer and writer of Ned's Declassified and Big Time Rush
Sawyer Fredericks (born 1999) folk singer notable for winning NBC's The Voice (American season 8), born in Newtown and lived there until age 8, when he moved to Fultonville, New York (near Albany)
Robert Edison Fulton Jr. (1909–2004), inventor and adventurer
Charles Goodyear (1800–1860), inventor of the vulcanization process
Willis Nichols Hawley (1875–1898), American soldier; born and raised in Newtown
Rea Irvin (1881–1972), cartoonist, illustrator, and art editor
Caitlyn Jenner (born 1949), Olympic athlete
Elia Kazan (1909–2003), film and stage director
Steven Kellogg (born 1940), children's author and illustrator, used to live in Sandy Hook, "is believed to have sold house to Anthony Edwards".
Deen Kemsley, accounting professor and Christian author
Doug Kenney, humorist (National Lampoon co-creator, Animal House co-writer)
Chris Licht, CNN President
Burke Marshall (1922–2003), head of the Civil Rights Division of the U.S. Department of Justice during the Civil Rights Era, retired in Newtown
Leah McSweeney (born 1982), founder and CEO of the female "Married to the MOB" (MTTM) clothing line
Daniel Nash Morgan (1844–1931), Treasurer of the United States
Luzon Buritt Morris (1827–1895), 55th Governor of Connecticut
Ryan T. Murphy (born 1971), associate director of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir, was a resident and graduate from Newtown High School
Max Nacewicz (born 1993), professional football player
Elizur H. Prindle (1829–1890), U.S. Representative from New York
Francis Cornwall Sherman (1805–1870), Mayor of Chicago, for three terms for the Democratic Party
Francis Trowbridge Sherman (1825–1905), Union general during the American Civil War
Jesse Lee Soffer (born 1984), actor, TV series As the World Turns and Chicago P.D.
Art Spector (1920–1987), Boston Celtics basketball player
Rick Spencer (singer) (born 1952), American folk singer-songwriter and musical historian
Joey Styles (born 1971), announcer for Extreme Championship Wrestling and World Wrestling Entertainment
James Thurber (1894–1961), cartoonist and playwright
Isaac Toucey (1792–1869), U.S. Senator, Secretary of the Navy, Attorney General of the United States, and Governor of Connecticut, was born in the town
Marcus Tracy (born 1986), professional soccer player
Mead Treadwell (born 1956), 13th Lieutenant Governor of Alaska and former Chair of the U.S. Arctic Research Commission
Walter S. Trumbull (died 1961), sportswriter and columnist
Cecily Tynan (born 1969), broadcast meteorologist, WPVI TV Action News in Philadelphia, PA
Louis Untermeyer (1885–1977), American poet, anthologist and critic who lived and later died here
Jenna Von Oy (born 1977), actress, TV series Blossom and The Parkers
Nina Barr Wheeler (1909–1978), artist, muralist
Notes
References
External links
Town of Newtown official website
Towns in Fairfield County, Connecticut
Populated places established in 1705
1705 establishments in Connecticut
Towns in the New York metropolitan area
Towns in Connecticut
Towns in Western Connecticut Planning Region, Connecticut | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtown%2C%20Connecticut |
Gabriel Alejandro Milito (born 7 September 1980) is an Argentine former footballer who played as a central defender and is currently a manager.
He began and finished his professional career at Independiente. He spent seven years in Spain, representing Zaragoza and Barcelona and amassing La Liga totals of 187 matches and six goals.
Milito appeared with the Argentina national team in three major tournaments, including the 2006 World Cup, winning 42 caps. He later managed three teams in the Argentine Primera División, including Independiente.
Playing career
Club
Early years
Born in Bernal, Quilmes, Buenos Aires Province, Milito started playing professionally with Primera División side Club Atlético Independiente in 1997. During that time he often faced his older brother Diego, who played for Independiente's arch-rivals Racing Club de Avellaneda.
Zaragoza
In July 2003, Milito was due to be transferred to Real Madrid, but the Spaniards rejected the player after medical results showed, according to them, a not-fully-recovered knee injury; Jorge Valdano, who acted as director of football, further added that the player had always been appreciated for his technical skills, but his physical state was a cause for great concern. He decided to stay in the country, and joined Real Zaragoza.
In his four seasons with the Aragonese, Milito was an automatic first choice and won the Copa del Rey in his first season against former suitors Real Madrid; he never played fewer than 33 La Liga matches, and rejoined sibling Diego in 2005. In July that year, he was pursued by European champions Liverpool and their Spanish manager Rafael Benítez, whose £7.5 million approach was rejected; he then signed a new contract until 2010, with a buyout clause of €30 million.
Italian newspaper Tuttosport published an interview in June 2007 in which Milito – who holds the country's passport through descent – said that he wanted to leave for Juventus FC. The player denied the meeting had taken place.
Barcelona
On 10 July 2007, an agreement was reached with FC Barcelona for €18.5million (£13.9 million) and, the following week, Milito passed his medical and signed a four-year deal with the club worth €4 million (£2.7 million) a year; he was given the number 3 shirt, which was formerly worn by Thiago Motta.
Milito made his competitive debut for Barcelona on 2 September 2007, in a 3–1 home win against Athletic Bilbao. He scored his first goal for the Catalans on 24 November, in a 3–0 victory over Recreativo de Huelva also at the Camp Nou.
On 5 May 2008, it was announced that Milito had damage to the anterior cruciate ligament in his right knee. This rendered him ineligible for the entire 2008–09 campaign, which ended in a treble.
After being sidelined for almost two years (602 days), Milito finally returned to action when he played in a friendly with Kazma SC in Kuwait. On 5 January 2010, he made his return to competitive football in the first leg of the Copa del Rey's round of 16, a 1–2 home loss against Sevilla FC. He reappeared in the domestic league five days later, coming on as a substitute for Carles Puyol for the final seven minutes of the 5–0 away win over CD Tenerife.
Milito contributed one goal to a 5–1 home win against AD Ceuta in the domestic cup on 11 November 2010 (7–1 on aggregate), but had to leave the game injured. On 30 April 2011, starting in a league match at Real Sociedad, he had a goal wrongfully ruled out for offside with the score at 1–1, as the hosts went on to win it 2–1; as a result of his action he also tore a calf muscle, being sidelined for the rest of the season and making ten appearances for the eventual champions.
Return to Independiente
In early August 2011, the 30-year-old Milito was released from the last year of his contract with Barcelona, and signed shortly after with former club Independiente. On 12 June 2012, he announced his retirement due to being mentally and physically exhausted.
International
Milito participated in the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup with Argentina, helping the nation to the final. He was also part of the squad which took part in the 2006 FIFA World Cup, performing well in his only appearance, the group stage match against the Netherlands which ended in a 0–0 draw.
Milito was selected to the 2007 Copa América squad. He contributed five appearances, as the Albiceleste finished in second position in Venezuela.
On 20 August 2010, national team coach Sergio Batista recalled Milito for a friendly with Spain the following month, the player's first international appearance in more than three years. He started in the 4–1 win in Buenos Aires, and he was subsequently selected for the 2011 Copa América, appearing in all the games for the eventual quarter-finalists.
Coaching career
Milito's first coaching experience was with the reserves team of Independiente. He resigned late into 2014, due to differences with the club's president Hugo Moyano.
On 15 April 2015, Milito replaced Mauricio Pellegrino at the helm of Estudiantes de La Plata, after being convinced by president Juan Sebastián Verón. Despite good results, he resigned at the end of the year.
On 12 May 2016, Milito was re-appointed as Independiente manager, again in the place of Pellegrino. He signed an 18-month contract.
Milito started his first coaching adventure outside Argentina on 9 August 2017, signing for two years with O'Higgins F.C. from the Chilean Primera División. He returned to Estudiantes on a three-year deal on 11 March 2019 but, one year later, after being ousted in the round of 64 of the Copa Argentina by lowly Deportivo Laferrere, he again resigned.
In January 2021, Milito signed a three-year contract at Argentinos Juniors, replacing Diego Dabove who had moved to San Lorenzo de Almagro. At the end of the 2022 season, having qualified for the Copa Libertadores, he extended his contract to 2027 but with a clause to cancel it. He unexpectedly used the option on 30 August 2023, after a 1–0 home loss to San Martín de San Juan in the last 16 of the domestic cup.
Personal life
Milito's older brother, Diego, was also a footballer. A striker, he played with individual and team success for Inter Milan, and they both represented Real Zaragoza and the national team.
Career statistics
Club
International
(Argentina score listed first, score column indicates score after each Milito goal)
Honours
Independiente
Argentine Primera División: Apertura 2002
Zaragoza
Copa del Rey: 2003–04
Supercopa de España: 2004
Barcelona
La Liga: 2009–10, 2010–11
Supercopa de España: 2010
UEFA Champions League: 2010–11
Copa del Rey runner-up: 2010–11
Argentina
Copa América runner-up: 2007
FIFA Confederations Cup Runner-up: 2005
Individual
Argentine Footballer of the Year: 2002
South American Team of the Year: 2002
Managerial statistics
References
External links
1980 births
Living people
Argentine sportspeople of Italian descent
Argentine people of Calabrian descent
Footballers from Buenos Aires Province
Argentine men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Argentine Primera División players
Club Atlético Independiente footballers
La Liga players
Real Zaragoza players
FC Barcelona players
UEFA Champions League winning players
Argentina men's youth international footballers
Argentina men's under-20 international footballers
Argentina men's international footballers
2005 FIFA Confederations Cup players
2006 FIFA World Cup players
2007 Copa América players
2011 Copa América players
Argentine expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Argentine football managers
Argentine Primera División managers
Estudiantes de La Plata managers
Club Atlético Independiente managers
Argentinos Juniors managers
Chilean Primera División managers
O'Higgins F.C. managers
Argentine expatriate football managers
Expatriate football managers in Chile
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Chile | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel%20Milito |
Cheteshwar Arvind Pujara (born 25 January 1988) is an Indian cricketer and is the captain of Sussex County Cricket Club in County Championship. He plays for Saurashtra in Indian domestic cricket. Pujara is known for his disciplined batting style which made him an integral part of the Indian Test team for over a decade. His excellent batting was one of the main reasons of India winning their first-ever test series win in Australia.
Pujara made his first-class debut for Saurashtra in December 2005 and made his Test debut at Bangalore in October 2010. As of 9 May 2021, he is ranked as the world No.14 Test batsman, according to the ICC Player Rankings with a tally of 697 points. He also played 5 ODI matches for India.
He was a part of the India A team which toured England in the 2010 summers and was the highest scorer of the tour. In October 2011, the BCCI awarded him a D grade national contract. Known to have a sound technique and the temperament required to play long innings, he was one of the contenders for a spot in the Indian middle order after the retirement of Rahul Dravid and VVS Laxman. and was a part of the IPL 2021 winning team Chennai Super Kings.
His Test comeback came against New Zealand in August 2012, scoring a century. He made his first double hundred against England at Ahmedabad in November 2012 and followed up with another double hundred against Australia in March 2013, both the times steering India to victory and becoming man of the match.
In the 2012 NKP Salve Challenger Trophy, he was the highest scorer with two centuries and one half-century. He became one of the fastest batsmen to reach 1000 runs in Test cricket in just 11 matches and his 18th Test Innings. He won the Emerging Cricketer of the Year 2013.
In February 2017, during the one-off Test match against Bangladesh, he set a new record for the most runs by a batsman in an Indian first-class season, with 1,605 runs. The previous record was 1,604 runs set by Chandu Borde in 1964–65. In November 2017, he scored his twelfth double-century in first-class cricket, the most by an Indian batsman, breaking the previous record set by Vijay Merchant.
He was awarded a Grade B contract by the BCCI in March 2022.
Early and personal life
Cheteshwar Pujara was born in Rajkot, Gujarat on 25 January 1988 In a Hindu Lohana Family. His father Arvind and his uncle Bipin were Ranji Trophy players for Saurashtra. His father and his mother, Reema Pujara, recognized his talents early and Cheteshwar practised with his father. His mother died in 2005 when he was 17 due to cancer. Cheteshwar Pujara completed his BBA from J.J Kundalia College.
He married Puja Pabari in Rajkot on 13 February 2013. On 23 February 2018, the couple became parents of a baby girl.
Youth career
Pujara made his Under-19 Test debut for India against England in 2005. Opening the innings, he scored 211 runs to help India win by an innings and 137 runs. He was also picked in the Indian squad for the 2006 Under-19 Cricket World Cup after scoring three fifties in four innings of the Afro-Asia Under-19 Cup. He was the leading run-scorer of the Under-19 World Cup where he scored 349 runs from 6 innings, including three fifties and a century, at an average of 117. He was the Man of the Tournament in the 2006 Under-19 Cricket World Cup.
He scored 97 runs against the West Indies in the quarterfinals before scoring 129 runs not out against England in the semifinals, helping India win by a huge margin of 234 runs. However, he was dismissed for a duck in the final, against Pakistan, which India eventually lost.
Domestic career
He scored 10 and 203 not out from just 221 balls against Madhya Pradesh at the Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium at Rajkot to ensure a 203-run victory which qualified Saurashtra for the 2012–13 Ranji Trophy quarter-finals. In his next match, the quarter-final at Saurashtra University in Rajkot against Karnataka, he scored 37 and 352 (dismissed by off spinner K. Gowtham in both innings) to ensure that Saurashtra progressed to the semifinal. Though he was called to the India ODI squad after this success, he was not selected in the first XI.
In 2013, at the age of only 25, Pujara became only the ninth batsman to score three career first-class triple-centuries. His scores were: 302* for Saurashtra against Orissa in 2008/09, 352 for Saurashtra against Karnataka in 2012/13, and 306* for India A against West Indies A in 2013/14. He also holds a record of scoring three triple centuries within a span of one month, although only the last of these was in a first-class match.
Pujara played for the Kolkata Knight Riders in the first three seasons of the IPL. In the 2011 players' auction, he was bought by the Royal Challengers Bangalore (RCB). He started for RCB for the fourth season of the IPL before injuring his knee in a match against Kochi Tuskers Kerala. The injury kept him out of action for nearly a year before he returned to domestic cricket at the end of 2011.
In the 2013–14 Ranji Trophy, he played a lone hand against Bengal at Eden Gardens in November as he scored 102, though his side was bowled out for a meagre 225 in response to Bengal's 303. In the next match against Tamil Nadu at Chennai, he scored a mammoth 269, and struck a 353-run partnership with Jaydev Shah (195) to post a score of 581/6 in response to Tamil Nadu's 565.
In 2014 IPL, Pujara began the season as Virender Sehwag's opening partner and was left out after the first six matches in which he made 125 runs at an average of just 25 at a strike rate of 100.80. After having not been picked by any franchise for the 2015 IPL season, he signed for Yorkshire.
Pujara was the leading run-scorer for Saurashtra in the 2017–18 edition of the Ranji Trophy, making 437 runs in four matches. Joining the side for the quarter-final in the next edition, he helped his team chase down a target of 372 runs against Uttar Pradesh, the highest ever in Ranji Trophy history, making 67 not out in the fourth innings. In the semi-final, marked by a couple of umpiring errors that went his way, Pujara made an unbeaten 131 in the fourth innings, helping his team proceed to their third final in six years. In the opening round of the Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy that season, he scored his maiden T20 century and became the first batsman for Saurashtra to score a century in a T20 match.
In January 2020, in the 2019–20 Ranji Trophy, Pujara scored his 50th century in first-class cricket.
In February 2021, Pujara was bought by the Chennai Super Kings for 50 lakhs in the IPL auction ahead of the 2021 Indian Premier League. He however did not get a chance to play in any match.
In April 2022, in the 2022 County Championship in England, Pujara and Tom Haines became the first batters to score double centuries in the same innings of a first-class match while following-on.
In July 2022, Pujara scored a century in his first game as Sussex captain against Middlesex in the ongoing 2022 County Championship in England. This was his fifth century in this county season.
International career
Test debut
Pujara was selected for the Indian squad for the 2 match home Test series against Australia in 2010, replacing Yuvraj Singh. He made his debut in the second Test of the series on 9 October 2010 at Bangalore after both Gautam Gambhir and VVS Laxman were down with injuries sustained in the First Test.
While Laxman was off the field injured in the First Test, Pujara took two catches at silly point as a substitute. In his first Test innings, Pujara scored four runs before getting out LBW to Mitchell Johnson on the third ball he faced.
In the second innings, Pujara was sent in at number three in place of Rahul Dravid in a tactical change by captain MS Dhoni. With India needing 207 runs to win, he made 72 before being bowled by an arm ball from Nathan Hauritz.
Breakthrough
In August 2012, he made a comeback into the team and made his first International Test century, 159 against New Zealand at Hyderabad.
He was selected in India's squad to play four test matches against England. In the first match at Sardar Patel Stadium, Ahmedabad he made an unbeaten 206 runs and helped his team to win the match and go 1–0 up in the series. He was also named man of the match for his inning. He continued his good form when he made another hundred in the second match at Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai. He not only made big scores in next two matches but end the series as second highest run scorer behind England captain Alastair Cook with 438 runs.
He became the 2nd fastest Indian to get to 1,000 Test runs, during the course of his double hundred against Australia in March 2013, at Hyderabad, where he put on a 370-run record 2nd wicket partnership with Murali Vijay. Only Vinod Kambli was faster.
Pujara is also the 12th fastest of all time. In terms of the number of tests (11 matches), he joined the legendary Sunil Gavaskar for the quickest Indian to reach the mark. Pujara had a brilliant test series against Australia scoring 419 runs, only second to Murali Vijay's 430 in which he slammed a double ton's 204 and two half-centuries (52 and 82).
As Indian opener Virender Sehwag was struggling out of form, it provided the opportunity for Pujara who hit double and triple tons in successive Ranji trophy matches to prove his ability in shorter versions of the game, as he was selected in the 15 member squad for the ODI series against England, but was injured in practice. Following injury, he made his debut against Zimbabwe, scoring 9 runs.
Cementing his place
On India's tour to South Africa in 2013, he emerged as the highest run-scorer in the Test series, scoring 280 runs at an average of 70.00.
Pujara was picked for the Indian squad for the 2014 Asia Cup that was held in Bangladesh. Pujara played in the three-match ODI series against Bangladesh in June 2014 and made 0, 11 & 27 respectively.
Struggle with form
Pujara was named in the 16-man squad for the 2014 tour of England. With a best of 55 and a total of 222 runs in five Tests, he had a disappointing series. Despite getting good starts, he failed to convert them into big scores, struggling with his back foot movement and playing with a straighter bat, while also facing difficulty against the seaming ball. He was not a part of the squad for the ODI series that followed and upon receiving permission from the BCCI, signed for Derbyshire to play in their last three games of the season. After a poor first game, he finished the stint scoring 212 runs, that included an unbeaten 90 in the win over Surrey and an unbeaten century against Leicestershire.
He returned to form during the three-match test series against Sri Lanka in August 2015. He scored 145 not out in the third test against them. He also played in 2014 Border Gavaskar Trophy. In the first match at Adelaide Oval he made 73 runs in the first inning before being bowled by a Nathan Lyon delivery.
Return to form
Pujara continued to work on his game however he remained in the reckoning for a national comeback. He made the most of an injury setback to Murali Vijay in the 2015 series in Sri Lanka, reminding the selectors of his mettle by carrying his bat through his epic unbeaten 145 on an uncharacteristically seaming wicket at the SSC, Colombo, paving the way for an Indian win in the decider. Pujara has raised the bar even further since then, hammering routine hundreds during India's long home season and the odd series in Sri Lanka and the West Indies.
In the first Test of Australia's 2016–17 tour of India in Pune, Pujara was dismissed for 6 and 31 in the two innings, with India losing the match cheaply. He played a key role in India's second inning of second Test scoring a crucial 92 in Bangalore, and helped the team win the game. In the third Test, played in Ranchi, Pujara scored 202, his third double-hundred, off 525 balls, in the first innings. In terms of balls faced, it was the longest inning by an Indian batsman. The 11-hour knock included a 199-run partnership with Wriddhiman Saha for the seventh wicket. Following a fightback by Australia in the second innings, the match ended in a draw and Pujara was named man of the match. With the knock, Pujara became the first Indian to score 2,000 runs in an Indian single first-class cricket season. In the ICC Batsman Rankings announced following the game, Pujara was ranked a career-best second. He finished the season with 1,316 runs in Tests, the second most in a single season after Australia's Ricky Ponting (1,483). He also broke the record for the most runs scored in a first-class season by an Indian. At the end of the season, he was placed fourth in the Batsman Rankings for Tests.
In May, ahead of the first Test of the 2017 season, he signed for Nottinghamshire on a four-match contract as a replacement to James Pattinson, to play in Division Two of the County season. He scored a hundred in his first game, against Gloucestershire, scoring 112 and adding 185 runs for the fourth wicket. The stint ended with 233 runs in a total of five innings. Carrying the good form, he scored his 12th Test century in the first Test of the tour of Sri Lanka at Galle in July. Striking a partnership with Shikhar Dhawan who made 190, Pujara scored 153 off 265 balls, helping India record its biggest away Test win. He scored another hundred in the second match, his 50th Test, a first innings knock of 133. On course of the innings, he went past 4,000 runs, becoming the second fastest Indian to get there in terms of number of innings batted.
Pujara was dropped from the team for the First Test of the 2018 England tour. Recalled to the side, he found form and made 72 in the second innings of the Third Test at Trent Bridge. The innings, and guided by Virat Kohli's 97 and 103, helped his team secure a 203-run victory, after successive defeats at Lord's and Birmingham. In the Fourth Test at Southampton, Pujara scored his 15th Test century, and only his second outside Asia since 2013. He made an unbeaten 132 off 257 deliveries, while adding 78 runs for the final two wickets, helping his team gain a 27-run lead over England's first innings total. However, India went on to lose the game and the next, finishing 1–4 in the series. He finished the series scoring 278 runs at 39.71. When the West Indies toured India later that year, he made a total of 96 runs at 48.00 in two innings.
Pujara carried his good form to Australia later that season and scored his maiden century in the country on the opening day of the First Test at Adelaide, becoming only the seventh Indian to do so on the first day of a Test series outside Asia. Rescuing his team from 41/4, he made 123 in a six-hour long innings, before being run out for the fourth time in 2018, equaling Bill Lawry of Australia's 54-year-old record for most times dismissed in that manner in a year. En route to his century, Pujara reached 5,000 runs in Tests, becoming the fifth fastest Indian to reach the milestone in terms of innings batted (108). He followed it up with a 71 in the second innings and helped India win the Test, their first in the country in ten years. Pujara was named man of the match. In the Third Test in Melbourne, he scored a 319-ball 106 while adding 170 runs for the third wicket with Kohli in the first innings. India went to win the game and secured an unassailable 2–1 lead in the series. He followed it up with a third century of the series in the final Test at Sydney, making 193 in the first innings off 373 balls, in another man-of-the-match winning performance. The match ended in a draw and the series at 2–1 in his team's favour meant it was their first Test series win on Australian soil. Pujara finished the series making 521 runs, the highest for either sides, from a total of 1,258 deliveries faced, a record for an India player there, and at an average of 74.42. He was named player of the series.
His next big series was the tour against Australia in December 2020 in which he scored 271 runs in 4 matches at an average of 33.87. As he played at a strike-rate of 29.20, his intent was under heavy scrutiny. On 19 January 2021, during the fourth Test match against Australia on The Gabba, Pujara scored his slowest Test half century ever. He reached his half century on the 196th ball that he faced, and passed his old record of a 174 ball half century against Australia in 2020.
On 16 December 2022, Pujara scored a century in Test cricket after 1443 days in the second innings of the first Test against Bangladesh, and scored unbeaten on 102 runs.
Records
Pujara passed 2,000 runs in a calendar year during 2013. He scored 2,163 runs at 94.04 in first-class matches, only Chris Rogers with 2,568 runs at 50.35 made more.
His 222-run partnership with Virat Kohli is India's joint-highest in South Africa and their highest in the second innings of a Test in South Africa.
Second fastest Indian player to reach 1,000 Test runs.
Highest second innings score of 153 by any Indian batsmen in South Africa.
Most balls faced by an Indian in a Test innings: 525.
Pujara climbed to a career-best number 2 spot in the rankings for Test batsmen after his double century against Australia in March 2017.
He is the third batsman for India, and ninth overall, to bat on all five days of a Test.
He is the sixth Indian cricketer to score a century in a Tour outside Asia on the first day.
He is the eleventh Indian cricketer to reach 6,000 Test Runs.
International Centuries
Pujara has made 19 centuries in international cricket all in Test cricket . He scored his first test century against New Zealand at Hyderabad in the first match of New Zealand's tour of India in 2012, scoring 159.
References
External links
Short Biography of Cheteshwar Pujara for Students at Tradeism
1988 births
Living people
People from Rajkot
Indian cricketers
India Test cricketers
India One Day International cricketers
West Zone cricketers
Saurashtra cricketers
Derbyshire cricketers
Royal Challengers Bangalore cricketers
India Blue cricketers
India Green cricketers
Punjab Kings cricketers
Kolkata Knight Riders cricketers
Gujarati people
Gujarati sportspeople
Yorkshire cricketers
Recipients of the Arjuna Award | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheteshwar%20Pujara |
Michael Tollin is an American film and television producer/director who served as executive producer of the Emmy award-winning The Last Dance, a 10-part documentary series on Michael Jordan and the Chicago Bulls dynasty. The series received rave reviews and set numerous ratings records, being seen by nearly 15 million viewers per episode on ESPN and many million more on Netflix around the world. Tollin's other career highlights include Radio, Coach Carter, Hank Aaron: Chasing the Dream, and Varsity Blues. He has also produced and/or directed such movies and television shows as Arli$$, Smallville, One Tree Hill, All That, Kenan & Kel, Summer Catch, Wild Hogs, Dreamer, Good Burger, Big Fat Liar, and The Bronx is Burning. Tollin has also directed and/or produced documentaries, including The Comedy Store Documentary, Let Me Be Brave, Morningside Five, Iverson, Kareem: Minority of One, and Small Potatoes: Who Killed the USFL?. He is currently the co-chairman of Mandalay Sports Media.
Early life and education
Michael Tollin grew up in Havertown, Pennsylvania, a suburb outside of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His father, Sol Tollin (1929–2006), played basketball and baseball for Haverford College from 1947 to 1951. Tollin has a passion for sports and remains fiercely loyal to his Philadelphia teams. Both Tollin and his father were inducted into the Philadelphia Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 2009.
He attended Haverford High School and graduated from Stanford University in 1977, where he was a sports columnist and the play-by-play radio announcer for Stanford basketball.
Career
After graduating from Stanford, Tollin's first job was producer/writer for a syndicated series of sports documentaries called Greatest Sports Legends. Within one year of his arrival, Tollin began directing the series. He went on to work with MLB Productions in New York and was one of the creators of an Emmy Award-winning series called The Baseball Bunch. In 1980, he was the writer of the official World Series film in which his favorite team, the Philadelphia Phillies, defeated the Kansas City Royals in six games. His script was narrated by Vin Scully.
In 1982, Tollin formed his own company, Halcyon Days Productions, and was awarded exclusive rights to the United States Football League, a spring pro football league which played from 1983 through 1985. Tollin later directed the ESPN 30 for 30 film, "Small Potatoes: Who Killed the USFL?" in which he and others associated with the USFL, notably former New Jersey Generals owner Donald Trump, offered a retrospective on the league (the title came from a quote from Trump). In addition to its work on the USFL, Halcyon Days Productions also produced sports documentaries, children's shows and entertainment specials.
After the fall of the USFL, Tollin moved to California and joined forces with Brian Robbins. Together they started Tollin/Robbins Productions. In 1993, Tollin and Robbins produced their first documentary together Hardwood Dreams, which won the Crystal Heart award at the 1993 Heartland Film Festival. The film became Tollin and Robbins’ calling card. Over the next 15 years Tollin and Robbins teamed up to direct and produce more than a dozen feature films, award-winning documentaries and hundreds of hours of television. Some of Tollin/Robbins highlights include the films Varsity Blues, Coach Carter, Radio, Dreamer, Wild Hogs and Hardball; the television series Smallville, Arli$$ and One Tree Hill; as well as several award-winning documentaries, including Academy Award nominated Hank Aaron: Chasing the Dream, which Tollin wrote, produced and directed. In 2007 Robbins and Tollin decided to amicably split up their partnership both citing a desire to work on their own passion projects.
In 2012, Tollin partnered with Mandalay Entertainment chairman and CEO Peter Guber to form Mandalay Sports Media. MSM is a media and production company, the focus of which is sports entertainment programming for all media platforms. The company's portfolio runs the gamut from sports movies to scripted and unscripted series, documentaries, web series and branded content. Tollin is the executive producer of The Last Dance, a 10-part documentary series on Michael Jordan and the Chicago Bulls dynasty. MSM/Tollin have also produced the motion pictures Chuck and The Zookeeper's Wife; the documentaries Iverson, Kareem: Minority of One, Fastball, Morningside 5, CounterPunch, The Franchise, and the Katy Perry Superbowl Halftime Special; and the TV series/specials Sin City Saints, Wedding Band, Summer Dreams, Every Street United, and Bluegrass Kingdom.
Filmography
Executive producer
TV series
2022: The Captain (TV miniseries) (executive producer, 7 episodes)
2016: L.A. Clippers Dance Squad (TV series) (executive producer, 8 episodes)
2015-2016: Undrafted (TV series documentary) (executive producer, 7 episodes)
2015: Sin City Saints (TV series) (executive producer, 8 episodes)
2012-2015: 30 for 30 Shorts (TV documentary) (producer/executive producer, 3 episodes)
2012–2013: Wedding Band (TV series) (executive producer, 10 episodes)
2012: The Franchise: A Season with the Miami Marlins (TV series) (executive producer, 8 episodes)
2011: The Franchise: A Season with the San Francisco Giants (TV series) (executive producer, 9 episodes)
2009–2011: 30 for 30 (TV series) (consulting producer, 24 episodes, executive producer, 3 episodes)
2003–2012: One Tree Hill (TV series) (executive producer, 176 episodes)
2003–2004: I'm with Her (TV series) (executive producer, 21 episodes)
2003-2003: Black Sash (TV series) (executive producer, 5 episodes)
2002–2006: What I Like About You (TV series) (executive producer, 78 episodes)
2002–2003: Slamball (TV series) (executive producer)
2002: Birds of Prey (TV series) (executive producer)
2001–2002: The Nightmare Room (TV series) (executive producer, 8 episodes)
2001–2011: Smallville (TV series) (executive producer, 216 episodes)
2000–2001: The Amanda Show (TV series) (executive producer, 9 episodes)
1996–2002: Arli$$ (TV series) (executive producer, 80 episodes)
1994–2005; 2019–2020: All That (TV series) (executive producer)
Feature films, TV movies & unscripted TV series
2020: The Last Dance (documentary series) (executive producer)
2020: The Comedy Store Documentary (documentary series) (executive producer)
2019: The Comedy Store Documentary (documentary series, in production) (executive producer)
2018: The People's Fighters: Teofilo Stevenson and the Legend of Cuban Boxing (TV movie documentary) (executive producer)
2018: Walk-Off Stories: Improbably Gibson (documentary) (producer)
2018: WeTown (documentary) (executive producer)
2018: The Nagano Tapes: Rewound, Replayed & Reviewed (documentary) (executive producer)
2017: Long Time Coming: A 1955 Baseball Story (documentary) (executive producer)
2017: Morningside 5 (documentary) (executive producer)
2017: CounterPunch (documentary) (producer)
2017: Bigger Fatter Liar (Video) (executive producer)
2017: The Zookeeper's Wife (executive producer)
2016: Chuck (film) (producer)
2016: Fastball (documentary) (producer)
2016: Patrick & Zo (documentary) (executive producer)
2016: Vice Sports (executive producer)
2015: Uncompromising: Kyrie Irving (documentary) (executive producer)
2015: Katy Perry: Making of the Pepsi Super Bowl Halftime Show (documentary) (executive producer)
2015: Kareem: Minority of One (documentary) (executive producer)
2014: Summer Dreams (documentary) (executive producer)
2014: Iverson (documentary) (executive producer)
2014: Every Street United (documentary) (executive producer)
2014: Carmelo Anthony: Made in New York (documentary) (executive producer)
2013: Bluegrass Kingdom: The Gospel of Kentucky Basketball (executive producer)
2012: On the Mat (documentary) (executive producer)
2012: Live with John Legend (TV special) (executive producer)
2011: Thumbs (TV movie documentary) (executive producer)
2011: The Real Rocky (TV movie) (producer)
2007: Norbit (executive producer)
2007: Wild Hogs (producer)
2007: Unstrung (documentary) (producer)
2007: The Bronx Is Burning (TV miniseries) (executive producer)
2006: Bonds on Bonds (TV series) (executive producer)
2006: Crumbs (TV series) (executive producer)
2005: Coach Carter (producer)
2005: Dreamer: Inspired by a True Story (producer)
2005: Inconceivable (TV series) (executive producer)
2004: The Perfect Score (producer)
2004: The Days (TV series) (executive producer)
2004: Hardwood Dreams: Ten Years Later (TV movie documentary) (producer)
2003: Radio (producer)
2002: Big Fat Liar (producer)
2002: The Nick Cannon Show (TV series) (executive producer
2001: Summer Catch (producer)
2001: Hardball (producer)
2000: Ready to Rumble (executive producer)
1999: Varsity Blues (executive producer)
1998: Sports Theater with Shaquille O'Neal (TV series) (executive producer, 4 episodes)
1998: Cousin Skeeter (TV series) (executive producer)
1997: Good Burger (producer)
1996-2000: Kenan & Kel (TV series) (executive producer)
1995: Hank Aaron: Chasing the Dream (documentary) (executive producer)
1995: The Show (documentary) (producer)
1993: Hardwood Dreams (documentary) (executive producer, writer)
1988: The Final Season (documentary) (producer)
1986: Centennial: Over 100 Years of Philadelphia Phillies Baseball (Video)
1981: The Baseball Bunch (TV series documentary)
1978-79: Greatest Sports Legends (TV series)
Director
2017: Morningside 5 (documentary)
2009: 30 for 30 (documentary series) ("Small Potatoes: Who Killed the USFL?")
2007: Unstrung (documentary)
2003: Radio
2001: Summer Catch
1998: Cousin Skeeter (TV series)
1996: Arli$$ (TV series)
1995: Hank Aaron: Chasing the Dream (documentary)
1993: Hardwood Dreams (documentary)
1990: Let Me Be Brave (documentary)
1989: Buy Me That! A Kids' Survival Guide (TV special)
1988: The Final Season (documentary)
1987: Kids on Kids on Kids (TV special)
1986: Centennial: Over 100 Years of Philadelphia Phillies Baseball (video)
1982: The Baseball Bunch (TV series)
Awards
References
External links
Tollin/Robbins Production
1955 births
Film producers from Pennsylvania
Television producers from Pennsylvania
Living people
Businesspeople from Philadelphia
Stanford University alumni
Film directors from Pennsylvania
20th-century American Jews
Primetime Emmy Award winners
21st-century American Jews | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Tollin |
These Old Broads is a 2001 American made-for-television comedy film directed by Matthew Diamond, written by Carrie Fisher and Elaine Pope, and starring Fisher's mother Debbie Reynolds, as well as Shirley MacLaine, Joan Collins, and Elizabeth Taylor in her final film role. In a 2001 BBC Omnibus documentary about Taylor, MacLaine says that Julie Andrews and Lauren Bacall were originally planned to be in the film. The role of Miriam Hodges was originally offered to June Allyson, who ended up in a cameo instead.
Plot summary
Network television executive Gavin hopes to reunite celebrated Hollywood stars Piper Grayson, Kate Westbourne, and Addie Holden in a TV special after their 1960s film musical Boy Crazy is re-released to wide public acclaim in the 1990s. Though the three women share the same agent, Beryl Mason, Gavin's seemingly insurmountable obstacle is that they all cannot stand one another.
Cast
Shirley MacLaine as Kate Westbourne
Debbie Reynolds as Piper Grayson
Joan Collins as Addie Holden
Elizabeth Taylor as Beryl Mason
Jonathan Silverman as Wesley Westbourne
Pat Crawford Brown as Miriam Hodges (Addie's mother)
Nestor Carbonell as Gavin
Peter Graves as Bill
Gene Barry as Mr. Stern
Pat Harrington Jr. as Tony Frank
Carlos Jacott as Tom
Hinton Battle as Pete
Suzanne Carney as Connie
Heath Hyche as Ben Collier
Betty Carvalho as Rosa
Joe Sabatino as Leo
Sheri Hellard as Laurie Miller
Larry Sullivan as Jason (as Larry Sullivan Jr.)
Todd Fisher as Timothy
Tricia Leigh Fisher as Hooker
Carrie Fisher as Hooker
Zach Woodlee as Boy Crazy Dancer
Kevin Alexander Stea as Boy Crazy Dancer (as Kevin Stea)
Dante Henderson as Boy Crazy Dancer
June Allyson as Lady in Hotel (uncredited)
Kevin Nealon as Roger (uncredited)
Back story of leads
MacLaine, Reynolds, Collins and Taylor had all crossed paths personally and/or professionally in Hollywood over the years. Collins dated MacLaine's brother, Warren Beatty, when he was just starting his film career. Collins was also put on standby to replace an ailing Taylor in the film Cleopatra but Taylor recovered from her illness and completed the film. Reynolds' husband, Eddie Fisher, left her for a grieving Taylor after his best friend and Taylor's husband, Mike Todd, was killed in a plane crash. Reynolds and Taylor had also been close friends before the affair, but they grew to hate each other due to what happened and stayed away for twelve years. However, the two eventually reconciled on a cruise ship in a plan set up by Carrie Fisher and once again remained friends until Taylor's death in 2011. MacLaine wanted the role of Molly Brown in The Unsinkable Molly Brown but a clause in her contract prevented her from getting it; this made the role available for Reynolds, who garnered an Oscar nomination for her performance in the film. MacLaine portrayed a character loosely based on Reynolds in Postcards from the Edge, written by Reynolds's daughter, Carrie Fisher.
The story of Kate Westbourne's adopted son Wesley Westbourne, who is actually her biological son from her affair with the late Dick Preston, may have been inspired by the true story of Loretta Young, Judy Lewis and Clark Gable.
References
External links
2001 television films
2001 films
2001 comedy films
2001 LGBT-related films
2000s American films
2000s buddy comedy films
2000s English-language films
2000s female buddy films
ABC network original films
American buddy comedy films
American comedy television films
American female buddy films
American LGBT-related television films
Films about actors
Films directed by Matthew Diamond
Films with screenplays by Carrie Fisher
Films scored by Guy Moon
Gay-related films
LGBT-related buddy comedy films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/These%20Old%20Broads |
Anne Passovoy is active in science fiction fandom and filk music, and has won two Pegasus Awards. She is married to Bob Passovoy. She has written many filk songs, including "Marcon Ballroom" and writing perhaps the most widely sung tune for Poul Anderson's poem, "Mary O'Meara."
Robert A. Heinlein in part dedicated his 1982 novel Friday to Anne.
Along with her husband, she was the Fan Guest of Honor at Chicon 2000. Anne and Bob Passovoy were inducted into the Filk Hall of Fame in 2008.
References
External links
Chicon 2000 Fan Guest of Honor bio
A 2000 interview with Anne and Bob
Pegasus Awards won by Anne
Living people
Filkers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Women songwriters | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne%20Passovoy |
Kaifu may refer to:
Places
Kaifu District, Changsha (), Hunan, China
, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan
, a town in Kaifu District, Tokushima
Persons
, Japanese astronomer
, 76th and 77th Prime Minister of Japan
Japanese-language surnames | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaifu |
Joanie or Joannie is a feminine given name which may refer to:
People:
Joan Joanie Bartels (born 1953), American children's music singer and songwriter
Joanie Keller, American country music singer
Joanie Mackowski (born 1963), American poet
Joanie Madden, Irish-American flute and whistle player of Irish traditional music
Joanne Joanie Mahoney (born 1965), American politician, first woman County Executive of Onondaga County, New York
Joannie Rochette (born 1986), Canadian figure skater
Joanie Sommers, American singer and actress born Joan Drost in 1941
Joanie or Joan Weston (1935–1997), American roller derby skater
Fictional characters:
Joanie Caucus, in the comic strip Doonesbury
Joanie Cunningham, on the American TV series Happy Days
Joanie Taylor, on the British TV series The Catherine Tate Show
Joanie Wright, on the British soap opera Emmerdale
See also
Joan (given name)
Joni (disambiguation)
Feminine given names | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanie |
Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle is an American animated series created by the Filmation studio for Saturday mornings on CBS, starting in 1976. This was the first animated series about the jungle hero. There are 36 episodes produced over four seasons.
Opening-credits narration
"The jungle: Here I was born; and here my parents died when I was but an infant. I would have soon perished, too, had I not been found by a kindly she-ape named Kala, who adopted me as her own and taught me the ways of the wild. I learned quickly, and grew stronger each day, and now I share the friendship and trust of all jungle animals. The jungle is filled with beauty, and danger; and lost cities filled with good, and evil. This is my domain, and I protect those who come here; for I am Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle!"
Storyline
In many ways, the series is the most faithful of all screen-based adaptations of Edgar Rice Burroughs's Tarzan and featured a number of "lost cities" from the original novels. The rotoscoped animation is based upon the work of Burrough's favorite Tarzan artist, Burne Hogarth.
In the series, Tarzan is depicted as intelligent and well-spoken – not the simple-minded ("Tarzan... Jane") caricature of many films. His sidekick is N'kima the monkey, as in the novels ("Cheeta" the chimpanzee was the creation of movie producers). It uses much of Burroughs' Mangani language (though some of the words used, particularly for animals not encountered in the novels, do not appear in Burroughs' Mangani lexicons, and so were presumably newly invented for the show).
Characters
Tarzan (voiced by Robert Ridgely for speaking voice and Danton Burroughs for Tarzan yell) – The main protagonist.
N'kima (voiced by Lou Scheimer) – Tarzan's manu (monkey) companion.
Jad-bal-ja – A golden-furred, dark-maned lion raised and trained by Tarzan.
Tantor – African Elephants that are friendly towards Tarzan, and will also come to his aid if summoned.
Queen Nemone (voiced by Joan Gerber in the first appearance, Hettie Lynn Hurtes in the third appearance) – The ruler of Zandor who has had encounters with Tarzan.
Tomas (voiced by Alan Oppenheimer) – Queen Nemone's prime minister who does her bidding.
Belthar – Queen Nemone's pet lion.
Phobeg (voiced by Ted Cassidy in the first appearance, Alan Oppenheimer in the third appearance) – The strongest man in Zandor and member of Zandor's Royal Guards. In Phobeg's first appearance, Tarzan must fight him in a tournament. Tarzan managed to defeat him and Phobeg later frees him and Thia. Phobeg has since remained a secret ally of Tarzan when it comes to Queen Nemone's plots. In "Tarzan and the Soul Stealer", it is shown that Phobeg has a son named Tiborgh who assists his father in working in Zandor's Royal Guards.
Jane Porter (voiced by Linda Gary) – Tarzan's love interest in the original novels, she only appeared once during the Filmation series. In "Tarzan and Jane", she and her father were part of an archaeological expedition looking for the lost city of Cowloon and were accompanied back to civilization by Tarzan.
Fictional races
Mangani – A type of great ape. They are intelligent, with their own spoken language (which Tarzan knows), are Tarzan's friends and family, and will come to his aid if summoned. Named Mangani include Terkoz (voiced by Lou Scheimer) and Tor. Kala was only seen in the intro of this cartoon.
Bolmangani – A race of gorilla-men. They take monkeys, normal gorillas, and other animals to be used as slaves in plots to enhance their city and to take over the entire jungle. They have fought Tarzan many times and have been thwarted by him. They try to get revenge on him for thwarting their plots.
Donlumangani – A race of short humanoid primates that live in the snowy mountains. They are nicknamed the Ice People.
Monkey People – A race of creatures that are part human, part monkey.
Other animals
Almost all of the animals in the Filmation series are referred to using the Mangani-language names that Tarzan knows them by.
Argus – A giant eagle
Bazansi – A spider
Bolgani – A Gorilla
Borta – A Common Warthog
Buto – A Black Rhinoceros
Dimetrodon – a reptile from the inner world of Pellucidar and the land of Pal-ul-don
Dango – A Spotted Hyena
Duro – A Hippopotamus
Eta-pamba - A Kangaroo rat
Gimla – A Crocodile
Gordo – An aquatic beast resembling a sauropod
Gorgos – An African Buffalo
Gryf – A dinosaur-like creature in Pal-ul-don that is described by Tarzan as "ancient". It resembles a Triceratops with the dorsal plates and spiked tail of a Stegosaurus and teeth like a Tyrannosaurus.
Handal – A hornet
Histah – An African Rock Python
Lukota – A giant tortoise
Manu – A monkey. N'kima is one.
Nita – A hawk
Numa – A Lion
Pacco - A Zebra
Plesa – A fish
Sabor – A lioness
Sheeta – A large jungle cat
Tandor - The Pellucidar name for the Woolly Mammoth
Tangani – A baboon
Tarbogani – A white gorilla
Tar-Sheeta – A large white tiger that lives in the snowy mountains
Thipdar - The Pellucidar name for the Pteranodon
Zabor - The Pellucidar name for the Tyrannosaurus
Zupisa – A great whale
Episode list
There were 36 total episodes, produced over four seasons.
The first season (premiered September 11, 1976) consisted of 16 half-hour episodes. The second season (premiered September 10, 1977) added six new episodes, and aired with the half-hour series The New Adventures of Batman as The Batman/Tarzan Adventure Hour. The third season (premiered September 9, 1978) added six new episodes, and aired with a number of other series as the ninety-minute Tarzan and the Super 7. The fourth season (premiered September 15, 1979) added eight new episodes, and aired as part of the second season of Tarzan and the Super 7.
The "fifth season" (The Tarzan/Lone Ranger Adventure Hour), and the "sixth season" (The Tarzan/Lone Ranger/Zorro Adventure Hour) were all Tarzan reruns aired with other series.
Season 1: 1976
Season 2: 1977
Aired as part of The Batman/Tarzan Adventure Hour.
Season 3: 1978
Aired as part of Tarzan and the Super 7, season one.
Season 4: 1979
Aired as part of Tarzan and the Super 7, season two.
Cast
Robert Ridgely – Tarzan
Jack Bannon –
Erika Carroll –
Ted Cassidy – Phobeg (1st time)
Robert Chapel –
Gerald Clark –
Linda Gary – Jane Porter, Dr. Jessica Randolph, Fana the Huntress, Rowanda, Queen Tara
Joanie Gerber – Queen Nemone (1st Time)
Barry Gordon – Bjorn
Hettie Lynn Hurtes – Thia, Queen Nemone (3rd Time)
Alan Oppenheimer – Tomos, Orbin, Phobeg (3rd Time)
Jane Webb –
Formats
Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle (September 11, 1976 – September 3, 1977, CBS)
The Batman/Tarzan Adventure Hour (September 10, 1977 – September 2, 1978, CBS)
Tarzan and the Super 7 (September 9, 1978 – September 6, 1980, CBS)
The Tarzan/Lone Ranger Adventure Hour (September 13, 1980 – September 5, 1981, CBS)
The Tarzan/Lone Ranger/Zorro Adventure Hour (September 12, 1981 – September 11, 1982, CBS)
Home media
The series is not owned by Universal Television, and the rights are owned by the Edgar Rice Burroughs company. Warner Home Video has released one episode on DVD, "Tarzan and the Colossus of Zome", on Saturday Morning Cartoons: 1970s Volume 1; Warner Bros.' rights to the series may originate from their ownership of international TV distribution rights in the 1970s and 1980s. Ironically, Warner has released most of the Tarzan franchise it owns either through its Turner Broadcasting subsidiary or in-house.
The first season of the series was released on DVD on June 14, 2016 as part of its 40th anniversary.
References
External links
Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle at SkoolDays.com
Tarzan Movie Guide: Television Series 1966 – Present
1976 American television series debuts
1980 American television series endings
American children's animated action television series
American children's animated adventure television series
American children's animated fantasy television series
CBS original programming
1970s American animated television series
Animated Tarzan television series
Animated television series about orphans
Television series by Filmation
Television series by Warner Bros. Television Studios
Television shows set in jungles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarzan%2C%20Lord%20of%20the%20Jungle |
Avatar Aang () is the title character and protagonist of Nickelodeon's animated television series Avatar: The Last Airbender (created by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko), voiced by Zach Tyler Eisen. Aang is the last surviving Airbender, a monk of the Air Nomads' Southern Air Temple.
He is an incarnation of the "Avatar", the spirit of light and peace manifested in human form. As the Avatar, Aang controls all four elements (water, earth, fire, and air) and is tasked with bringing balance and keeping the Four Nations at peace. At biologically 112 years old (physically 12), Aang is the series' reluctant hero, spending a century in suspended animation in an iceberg before being discovered and joining new friends Katara and Sokka on a quest to master the elements and save their world from the imperialist Fire Nation.
Aang's character has appeared in other media, such as trading cards, video games, T-shirts, and web comics. Aang has also been portrayed by Noah Ringer in the live-action film The Last Airbender (2010) and voiced by D.B. Sweeney in the sequel series The Legend of Korra. Gordon Cormier will portray Aang in the upcoming Netflix live-action adaptation of the same name.
Appearances
Avatar: The Last Airbender
Upon death, Avatar Roku was reincarnated and Aang was born, and later raised by Monk Gyatso, a senior monk at the Southern Air Temple and friend of the late Avatar Roku. Even prior to learning he was the Avatar, Aang distinguished himself by becoming one of the youngest Airbending Masters in history by inventing a new technique. As a result of Fire Lord Sozin's increasingly hostile attitude towards the other nations, the senior monks decided to reveal Aang's nature as the Avatar four years before the traditional age (Avatars are usually told of their status once they turn 16) and relocate him to one of the other Air Temples. Learning that he was to be taken from Gyatso caused Aang to flee the monastery on his flying bison, Appa, before being caught by a storm; the life-or-death conditions triggered the Avatar State, encasing the young Avatar and his bison in an air-pocket among icebergs, where he remained suspended for a century. Although Monk Gyatso had snuck into Aang's bedroom late at night to tell Aang that he won't be relocated to the Eastern Air Temple, it had already been too late.
Book One: Water
After one hundred years of suspended animation in an iceberg, twelve-year-old Aang was freed when found by Katara and Sokka, yet unaware of the events that occurred during his rest. His reawakening catches the attention of Prince Zuko, the banished son of current Fire Lord Ozai, and Aang is forced to leave, with Katara and Sokka accompanying him after they learn that he is the Avatar. Aang and his new friends visit the Southern Air Temple, where they meet a winged lemur whom Aang later names Momo. It is there that Aang learns that the Fire Nation wiped out his people, including Gyatso which causes Aang to summon his avatar spirit and the other 3 nations find out the avatar is back. After a series of misadventures, Aang meets his previous incarnation, Roku, who informs him that he must master all four bending arts and end the war before the coming of Sozin's Comet at the end of summer. Upon arriving to the Northern Water Tribe, after a few conflicts, Aang became an apprentice of Waterbending Master Pakku alongside Katara. After helping the Water Tribe drive off a Fire Nation invasion headed by Admiral Zhao, with Katara as his teacher, Aang and his group journey to the Earth Kingdom to find an Earthbending teacher. Ozai, angered that Iroh betrayed the Fire Nation, sends his daughter, Princess Azula, to hunt down Zuko and Iroh.
Book Two: Earth
In the second season, Aang learns Earthbending from Toph Beifong after he has a vision of the blind Earthbender in a swamp telling him to find her. On their journey, they are chased by Fire Princess Azula and her friends Mai and Ty Lee. The group learns about the Day of Black Sun in a secret underground library, and they attempt to reveal the information to the Earth King at Ba Sing Se. However, their flying bison, Appa, is captured by Sandbenders. Aang grows upset and angry and confronts the Sandbenders, learning that Appa has been sold. After stopping a Fire Nation drill threatening the safety of Ba Sing Se, they look for Appa only to find themselves dealing with the Dai Li before exposing their leader's deception. The group reunites with Jet helping them find Appa at Dai Li headquarters. They expose the Hundred Year War to the Earth King, who promises to help them invade the Fire Nation. Soon after, Aang meets a guru who attempts to teach Aang to open his seven chakras in order to control the defensive 'Avatar State'; but when Aang perceives Katara in danger, he leaves before the seventh chakra is opened, and thus loses his progress until the seventh is opened. Though Aang manages to unlock the Seventh Chakra, he is fatally electrocuted by Azula. He is later brought back to life by Katara, using the spirit water given to her by the Northern Water Tribe at the start of the second season.
Book Three: Fire
In the beginning of third and final season, after he woke after being knocked out by Azula, Aang grew some hair. After that, Aang is unable to use the Avatar State for quite a while. Although reluctant with the plan at first, Aang accepts to have everyone think he had died and his remaining allies attack the Fire Nation's capital, but are thwarted by Azula. However, Zuko has a change of heart, rebels against his father, and offers to teach Aang Firebending. Aang and Zuko also improve their Firebending powers with the help of their world's last two dragons. (In this part of the show, he is 13) During the finale, finding himself on a strange island, Aang is reluctant to actually kill Fire Lord Ozai, despite his four previous past lives (Roku, Kyoshi, Kuruk, and Yangchen) convincing him it is the only way. But upon learning that he was actually on the back of a Lion Turtle, one of four that made the first benders by manipulating humans' chi, Aang receives the Lion Turtle's Energybending. During the final battle, Aang's scar is pressed against a jutting rock, opening his chakras and allowing him to enter the Avatar State. Aang wins the battle, but before he delivers the final blow, he stops himself. Instead, Aang removes Ozai's firebending ability, rendering him harmless and ending the Hundred Year War. Later, in the Fire Nation capital, Aang is seen beside Zuko, the new Fire Lord. The series ends with Aang and his friends relaxing at Iroh's tea shop at Ba Sing Se, where Aang and Katara share a kiss.
Graphic Novel Trilogies
After beginning the Harmony Restoration Movement, an event that was meant to remove Fire Nation remnants from the Earth Kingdom, Aang agrees to end Zuko's life should he go down a path similar to his father, after the latter requests it, being stopped by Katara from entering the Avatar State as he began a later encounter with Zuko and then tries to mediate protestors and the Yu Dao resistance, afterward assembling members of a fan club and forming the "Air Acolytes", a group that he intends to teach the ways of the Air Nomads. Aang then participated in a search for Zuko's mother Ursa, successfully finding her and entering the Spirit World to assist in locating the Mother of Faces, convincing her to grant Rafa a new face. After a period of entertainment, Aang is contacted by his former life Yangchen, who tried contacting him about Old Iron's return. Aang also has a fight with the Rough Rhinos when they try to oust him from the Eastern Fire Refinery. Aang then aids in preventing Azula, disguised as the Kemurikage, from stealing any more children.
He later returns to the South Pole and reunites with Katara and Sokka during the festival of the rebuilt and newly expanded Southern Water Tribe, with assistance from dozens of waterbenders and healers from the Northern Water Tribe.
The Legend of Korra
While frozen in an iceberg for 100 years, the Avatar State drained much of Aang's life energy. While he did not feel the effects for many years, after he entered middle age in his 50s, the strain of this exertion increasingly weighed upon his body. Ultimately, it resulted in Aang dying at the relatively young biological age of 66 (since he was in the ice for 100 years, in 153 AG). Aang was outlived by his wife, Katara, and his three children, but he did not live to see his grandchildren, all of whom would become powerful airbenders. As his death drew near, Aang tasked the Order of the White Lotus with finding and guiding the new Avatar after him. When Aang died, the Avatar spirit reincarnated into Korra of the Southern Water Tribe. Aang intended for the Order to simply guide and guard Korra, but several mishaps in the aftermath of Aang's death (including a kidnapping attempt by the anarchist Zaheer) and the still-fragile state of relations between the now-Five Nations resulted in Katara and Tenzin sequestering Korra in a compound at the South Pole, bringing teachers to her instead of allowing her to seek out her own.
Book One: Air
In the sequel series' first season, Avatar Aang's spirit occasionally serves as the spiritual advisor to seventeen-year-old Korra (much like the previous Avatar incarnation, Roku, did for Aang). Korra struggles with the spiritual aspects of bending and being the avatar, so initially Aang is only able to give Korra glimpses of his memory concerning Yakone in relation to her confrontations with his two sons, Amon and Tarrlok, the products of Yakone's Bloodbending vendetta on the Avatar. It is only after she loses her ability to bend that Korra allows herself to listen to her past lives, at which point Aang is able to manifest more directly to her and helps to restore her powers by triggering the Avatar State and teaching her to Energybend.
Book Two: Spirits
The sequel series' second season reveals that Avatar Aang apparently treated Tenzin as his favorite child, due to his son's Airbender status; Kya and Bumi mentioned to Tenzin that Aang always took Tenzin on vacations with him, but never them. Aang's Air Acolytes also were unaware that Aang had two other children besides Tenzin. Tenzin himself insists that Aang loved all his children equally, but that Aang took more precedence in raising him since Tenzin would have to take care of future generations of airbenders. Aang himself later appears, along with Roku, Kyoshi and Kuruk, before Korra in a vision and encourages her to learn the origins of Wan (the first Avatar) and Raava. Aang, or possibly a vision of him, later appears in the Spirit World, encouraging Tenzin to move past the enormous legacy of being Aang's son and find his own path. Korra's connection to Aang and the other preceding Avatars is severed when Vaatu extracts and subsequently kills Raava, the divine Avatar Spirit entity within her. Even though Raava is reborn and fused again with Korra, she discovers, to her dismay, that her spiritual connection to Aang and all past Avatars is presumably gone forever.
Book Three: Change
When Zaheer gave an ultimatum: Surrender to him or lose the new airbenders, Korra meditated into the spirit realm, she expressed her wish to call upon Aang's spirit and ask his advice in saving the new Air Nomads. Iroh's spirit assured her that, even though Aang was no longer able to guide her, she could ask one of Aang's closest friends: Lord Zuko.
Appearances in other media
Games
Aang's character appeared in the Avatar: The Last Airbender Trading Card Game on a multitude of cards. He appeared in the Avatar: The Last Airbender video game as one of the four playable characters. Two sequels were made: Avatar: The Last Airbender – The Burning Earth, followed by Avatar: The Last Airbender – Into the Inferno. Aang appears as a playable racer in Nickelodeon Kart Racers 2: Grand Prix.
Aang also appeared in Escape from the Spirit World, an online video game found on Nickelodeon's official website. The game includes certain plot changes that are not shown in the show. The show's directors, Michael DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko, claim the events are canon. Aang is also a playable character in the Nickelodeon game Super Brawl Universe. There is also a location in the game set in the Air Temple.
He also appeared as a playable character in Nickelodeon All-Star Brawl.
Aang appears as a crossover skin in Brawlhalla for the character Wu Shang.
Films
Tokyopop has published a films comic (sometimes referred to as cine-manga), in which Aang, being the main character of the show, appears repeatedly.
In 2010, director M. Night Shyamalan cast 12-year-old Tae Kwon Do practitioner Noah Ringer as Aang in the film adaptation of the series, The Last Airbender. His name in the film is pronounced [ɑŋ] instead of [eəŋ]. The casting of a presumed white actor in the role of Aang (as well as a primarily Caucasian cast) in the Asian-influenced Avatar universe triggered negative reactions from some fans, marked by accusations of racism, a letter-writing campaign, and a protest outside of a Philadelphia casting call for movie extras. The casting decisions were also negatively received by several critics, who stated that the original casting call expressed a preference for Caucasian actors over others. Noah Ringer later identified himself to Entertainment Weekly as an American Indian.
Creation and conception
Aang's character was developed from a drawing by Bryan Konietzko, depicting a bald man with an arrowlike design on his head, which the artist developed into a picture of a child with a flying bison. Meanwhile, Michael Dante DiMartino was interested in a documentary about explorers trapped in the South Pole, which he later combined with Konietzko's drawing.
The plot they described corresponds with the first and second episodes of Avatar: The Last Airbender, where the "water people" (Katara and Sokka) rescue the "air guy" (Aang) while "trapped in a snowy wasteland" (the Southern Water Tribe) with "some fire people [that] are pressing down on them" (Fire Nation Troops and Zuko). The creators of the show intended Aang to be trapped in an iceberg for one hundred years, later to wake inside a futuristic world, wherein he would have a robot named Momo and a dozen bisons. The creators lost interest in this theme, and changed it to one hundred years of suspended animation. The robotic Momo became a flying lemur, and the herd of bison was reduced to one.
In the episode "Tales of Ba Sing Se", Aang's name was written as 安昂 (ān áng) in Chinese.
Personality and characteristics
Michael Dante DiMartino, the show's co-creator, said:
According to the show's creators, "Buddhism and Taoism have been huge inspirations behind the idea for Avatar." As shown in "The King of Omashu" and "The Headband", a notable aspect of Aang's character is his vegetarian diet, which is consistent with Buddhism, Hinduism, and Taoism. In the Brahmajala Sutra, a Buddhist code of ethics, vegetarianism is encouraged. Furthermore, the writers gave Aang a consistent reluctance to fight and an aversion to killing. In "The Spirit World (Winter Solstice, Part 1)", Aang encounters an angry spirit destroying a village and kidnapping villagers; but instead of fighting the spirit, Aang negotiates. He is also depicted showing ethical reluctance in killing the Phoenix King, and eventually strips Ozai of his bending instead of murdering him.
Bending the elements
As the Avatar, Aang is capable of bending all four elements (air, water, earth and fire). The series' creators consulted a professional martial artist in the design of the show's fighting style; each of these styles' philosophies and set movements corresponds to a specific "bending arts".
The creators made bending a natural extension of consistent limitations and rules of the world. Everything in Avatar's world, whether it be clothing, culture or infrastructure, is influenced by bending. The City of Omashu uses a complex system of gravity and earthbending to transport supplies. The Water Tribes were a naval superpower: their buildings are made of ice and used waterbending as mechanisms for their walls and gates. Airbenders built temples atop high mountains and cliffs that could only be easily reached by Airbending and they have a hermetic ideology to reflect this isolation. The Fire Nation were the first to industrialize due to their ability to generate power and master metallurgy with their bending of fire and lightning.
At the start of the series, Aang is initially only proficient in air, having been able to bend it with ease since he was a young child. Through the teaching of Katara and Zuko, he gradually learns waterbending and firebending; but struggles with Toph's teachings of earthbending due to its rigid nature conflicting with his desire for freedom. Aang utilizes all elements equally, but heavily favors airbending for crowd control and non-lethal purposes, in accordance with his pacifism principles.
Airbending: The bending art Aang primarily uses in the entire franchise, is a Southern Temple Style based on an "internal" Chinese martial art called Baguazhang. Aang is the only person in living memory to have mastered this form of airbending, and would later pass down this knowledge to his son, Tenzin, who with the aid of Korra, would prove instrumental in the reconstruction and preservation of Air Nomad oral and intangible cultural heritage. Due to the genocide of his people, all other "styles of airbending arts" have been forever lost to history. This fighting style focuses on circular movements, and does not have many finishing moves; traits meant to represent the unpredictability of air and the peaceful character of Airbenders. Airbending represents the element of freedom, and is categorized as the most elusive of the "four bending arts". Airbending utilizes negative jing, which involves retreating and dodging attacks. Airbending involves "smooth coiling and uncoiling actions"; dynamic footwork, throws, and open-handed techniques; and swift, evasive maneuvers designed to evoke the "intangibility and explosive power of wind". These techniques are intended to increase the difficulty for opponents to attack directly or land a lethal blow—allowing airbenders to defend themselves while also protecting their attacker from injury—a pacifist-philosophy that is prevalent among the Air Nomad people. Airbending lacks "finishing moves" or effective methods for permanently disabling foes, a weakness frequently exploited by opponents.
Waterbending: Waterbending is the bending art Katara, later Pakku, teaches Aang in the series, which is based on Chinese martial arts techniques of "internal style" T'ai chi ch'uan and Jeet Kune Do. When Aang traveled north, he learned Northern Tribe Yin-style. During The Legend of Korra, Katara is the only Master of "Southern Tribe Yang-style", forced to reconstruct the style from surviving manuscripts; all other masters were killed, their collective knowledge confiscated or destroyed by the Fire Nation. Waterbending represents the element of change—a shapeshifter constantly changing forms—and is categorized as the most adaptive or pliable of the "four bending arts". Waterbending emphasizes "softness and breathing" over "hard aggression"; fluid and graceful, acting in concert with the environment; creating opportunities where none exist; this "flow of energy" allows their defensive maneuvers to translate into focus on control and counter-offenses, turning their opponents' momentum against them. Despite these advantages, Waterbending is almost entirely dependent on inertia; it is essential for practitioners to not be rigid, but to be fluid and able to adapt to any situation.
Earthbending: Earthbending is the martial art Toph teaches Aang in the series, which is based on Chinese martial arts techniques of Hóng Quán and Chu Gar Nán Pài Tángláng. Earthbending represents the element of substance. Toph's earthbending style is Chu Gar Praying Mantis, as opposed to the more common Hung Gar, taught to her by the original earthbenders, badgermoles. Earthbending is categorized as the most diverse and enduring of the "four bending arts". Earthbending is the geokinetic ability to manipulate earth, rock, sand, lava, and metals in all their various forms. Earthbending utilizes neutral jing, which involves waiting and listening for the right moment to act decisively. Earthbending involves enduring attacks until the right opportunity to counterattack reveals itself, emphasizes "heavily rooted stances and strong blows that evoke the mass and power of earth", and demands precise stepping footwork to maintain constant contact with the ground. Earthbending parallels Five Animals movements (such as the tiger's hard blows and the crane's affinity to landing gracefully). Earthbending is at its strongest when the feet or hand are in direct contact with the ground, enabling earthbenders to transfer their kinetic energies into their bending for fast and powerful moves. This reliance on direct contact with the earth is a literal Achilles' heel; separating earthbenders from any contact with the earth renders them ineffective.
Firebending: Firebending is the martial art Zuko teaches Aang in the series, which is based on Chinese martial arts techniques of Changquan, Shaolinquan, Lóng Xíng Mó Qiáo and Xing Yi Quan. Firebending represents the element of power—desire and will paired with energy to achieve it, a philosophy reflected in firebending's unique capability for its users to generate their central element, rather than manipulating already present sources. Firebenders use breath control to manipulate chi in their own bodies and convert the energy from breathing into fire once it exits the body. A century of warfare have corrupted the Fire Nation's rich culture, and with it, their firebending-styles "regressed" into militarized format based on hatred and raw aggression; Zuko and Aang sought to learn firebending in its purest and most harmonious form, and rediscovered Dancing Dragon Style from the last surviving dragons. Dragon Style is the bending art first practiced by the Sun Warriors, the earliest incarnation of the modern Fire Nation; for the Sun Warriors, fire is life, energy, and creativity, rather than destruction and hate. Firebending is categorized as the most determined and powerful of the "four bending arts". All Firebending styles emphasize initiative and speed, overwhelming their opponents with powerful jabs and kicks that hurl fire before building to an explosive finishing move, mirroring the vitality and explosive power of fire. This is often seen in the "Agni Kai" or fire-duels that Zuko competes in. A master firebender will confidently control fire, rather than allowing their energy to become unfocused rage. A select few high-level firebenders can access highly destructive and lethal skills, such as lightning-bending and combustion-bending. Firebending's offensive power comes with a trade-off: a lack of blocks or evasive maneuvers, particularly when facing other elements.
Energybending: Aang learned about energybending from the last living lion turtle, as he did not wish to kill Ozai, and was given the ability to do so. He is able to use energybending to connect with his inner spirit and gain cosmic energy from the universe. In The Legend of Korra, Aang gave Avatar Korra, the current Avatar, the ability to energybend, which was used to restore people's bending abilities after Amon removed them using bloodbending.
The Avatar State
As the Avatar, Aang serves as a bridge between "Material World" and the "Spirit World", the plane of existence where the universe's disembodied spirits dwell. His spirituality training progressed swiftly, granting visions and access to the various memories from his past lives.
As his predecessors, his most powerful ability is the Avatar State, in which he receives a massive boost in raw power from the cosmic energy, enabling him to easily overcome any opponent that tries to fight him head on. In addition, this state allows him to access bending techniques he would not have learned during his own lifetime but throughout those of his past lives. If he is killed in the Avatar State, then this would cause the Avatar to cease being reincarnated and end the Avatar Cycle.
Critical reception
Aang was received exceptionally by critics and fans. Kendall Lyons stated, "Aang seems to be the lighthearted kid that you can easily familiarize yourself with", and that he "seems to bring comfort in the most dangerous or hostile situations." There are many similar descriptions about Aang as a childlike character who is "reckless and excitable". Reviews point out that "as the Avatar, Aang seems unstoppable, but as Aang, he is just another Airbender"; the review states later that the show continues to focus on a more realistic character instead of a perfect one by revealing many character flaws.
In 2016, Screen Rant ranked Aang #15 on its "30 Best Animated TV Characters Of All Time" list.
At the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympics, Dutch windsurfer Kiran Badloe won the gold medal in Men's RS: X while having a blue arrow haircut inspired by Aang's design.
Family tree
References
External links
Official TV Show Website at Nick.com
Aang at Nick.com
Animated human characters
Avatar: The Last Airbender characters
Television characters introduced in 2005
Animated characters introduced in 2005
Avatar: The Last Airbender
Fictional male martial artists
The Legend of Korra
Child characters in animated television series
Child superheroes
Fictional aikidoka
Fictional avatars
Fictional Baguazhang practitioners
Fictional characters displaced in time
Fictional characters with anti-magic or power negation abilities
Fictional characters with air or wind abilities
Fictional characters with earth or stone abilities
Fictional characters with fire or heat abilities
Fictional characters with ice or cold abilities
Fictional characters with water abilities
Fictional child soldiers
Fictional cryonically preserved characters
Fictional Hung Ga practitioners
Fictional Lóng Xíng Mó Qiáo practitioners
Fictional monks
Fictional Nán Tángláng practitioners
Fictional genocide survivors
Fictional pacifists
Fictional refugees
Fictional shamans
Fictional stick-fighters
Fictional tai chi practitioners
Fictional vegan and vegetarian characters
Fictional war veterans
Fighting game characters
Male characters in animated series
Male superheroes
Orphan characters in television
Television superheroes
Fictional nomads | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aang |
The Tomb of Perneb is a mastaba-style tomb from ancient Egypt, built during the reigns of Djedkare Isesi and Unas (ca. 2381 BC to 2323 BC), in the necropolis of Saqqara, north of Pharaoh Djoser's Step Pyramid and about 30 kilometers south of Giza, Egypt. It was the tomb of Perneb, and from the size and placement of the tomb he might have been a court official or royal family member.
The tomb was erected during the 5th Dynasty in the Old Kingdom. It was discovered in 1907, purchased from the Egyptian government in 1913 and given to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, by Edward S. Harkness.
Perneb was a court official in the royal household who had a role in the robing and crowning of the king. His name means "my Lord has come forth to me". His tomb was attached to the larger tomb of the vizier Shepsesre, who may have been Perneb's father.
Description
The tomb consists of an underground burial chamber and a limestone mastaba above ground. The mastaba is divided into four rooms, including a decorated main offering chapel and a secondary offering chamber with a separate entrance. The secondary offering chamber is connected to the serdab (Arabic for "cellar"), a closed room containing a statue of Perneb, by a slot through which the smell of incense and chants could pass into the serdab. Perneb's burial shaft was located to the right side of the main offering chamber. The main offering chapel is decorated with a false door and painted reliefs which depict Perneb seated at an offering table where he offers food and other goods.
Exhibit at the Metropolitan Museum of Art
The tomb was dismantled in 1913 by Albert Lythgoe and Ambrose Lansing, with the help of countless Egyptian workers. It was brought to the US from Saqqara that year, where it was received and organized by Caroline Ransom Williams. It was reassembled at the MMA, in Gallery D4.
The tomb was opened to the public on 3 February 1916 to what Ransom called "great éclat." She wrote to her colleague James Breasted that "People were formed in line two abreast all the way back to the Fifth avenue entrance to get into the chambers. Glass positions electrically lighted illustrate the former position and the taking down of the tomb. There are two cases of the objects found in the course of the excavations including the greater part of Perneb’s skull. A model of the entire tomb makes clear the position of the burial chamber."
She wrote a handbook about the tomb, geared toward the general public and visitors to the exhibition, The Tomb of Perneb, with Illustrations.
In its original location, there were two small obelisks at the western corners of the courtyard, honoring the sun god Re. These are no longer part of the museum exhibit.
As of 2018, it is at the entrance to the museum's collection of Egyptian art. Visitors can enter the tomb and walk through its rooms. Some of the internal hieroglyphics have been translated into English.
References
External links
Description by the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Buildings and structures completed in the 24th century BC
Tombs of ancient Egypt
Architecture in the Metropolitan Museum of Art
1907 archaeological discoveries
3rd-millennium BC establishments in Egypt
Relocated ancient Egyptian monuments | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb%20of%20Perneb |
Miyazawa is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Emma Miyazawa (born 1988), Japanese actress
, Japanese women's footballer
Kazufumi Miyazawa (born 1966), Japanese musician
Kenji Miyazawa (1896–1933), Japanese poet and author of children's literature
Kiichi Miyazawa (1919–2007), 78th Prime Minister of Japan
Pablo Miyazawa, Brazilian journalist
Rie Miyazawa (born 1973), actress and singer
Sae Miyazawa (born 1990), former Japanese idol and former member of Japanese girl group AKB48
Takashi Miyazawa (born 1978), Japanese professional cyclist
Takeshi Miyazawa (born 1978), Canadian comic book artist
, Japanese women's basketball player
Fictional characters
Yukino Miyazawa, the female protagonist of the anime and manga series Kare Kano
Yukine Miyazawa, a character in the visual novel Clannad
Japanese-language surnames | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miyazawa |
The Fairey Spearfish was a British carrier-based, single-engined, torpedo bomber/dive bomber that was ordered from Fairey Aviation for the Fleet Air Arm during World War II. Designed during the war, the prototype did not fly until July 1945. Much larger than earlier naval bombers, it was designed for use aboard the large s that were cancelled after the war and was itself cancelled thereafter. Seven prototypes were ordered, but only five were built, of which four actually flew. They were mostly used for experimental work until the last aircraft was scrapped in 1952.
Design and development
The Spearfish was designed by Fairey Aviation to Admiralty Specification O.5/43 as a replacement for the Fairey Barracuda in the torpedo/dive bomber role. In comparison to the Barracuda, the Spearfish had a much more powerful engine, an internal weapons bay and a retractable ASV Mk.XV surface-search radar mounted behind the bomb bay. The Spearfish was half as large again as the Barracuda, as it was designed to be operated from the Malta-class aircraft carriers then under development.
In August 1943, the company received an order for three prototypes to be built against Specification O.5/43 and the first prototype, serial number RA356, was constructed at Fairey's Hayes factory and first flew on 5 July 1945 from Heston Aerodrome; the other two did not fly until 1947. In November 1943 the company was ordered to build a dual-control dive-bombing trainer variant against Specification T.21/43 and this was built at the Heaton Chapel factory and assembled and flown at Ringway on 20 June 1946. Three further development aircraft were ordered in May 1944 to be built at Heaton Chapel, with the last two to be fitted with a Rolls-Royce Pennine engine; only the first Centarus-engined aircraft was built but never flew.
Production orders for 150 aircraft were placed to be built at Heaton Chapel; the first ten aircraft were intended to use Bristol Centaurus radial engine, Centaurus 59 engines on the next 22, and Centaurus 60s of the remainder. In addition, the flaps were to be enlarged and lateral control was to be provided by spoilers with small "feeler" ailerons. With the cancellation of the Malta-class carriers, the Fleet Air Arm no longer had a requirement for new torpedo bombers and the programme was cancelled. Work continued on the two other prototypes built at Hayes after the cancellation of the contract, albeit very slowly.
Test pilot and naval aviator Captain Eric Brown evaluated the first prototype and found "the controls in cruising flight were very heavy and, in fact, lateral control was so solid that I could barely move the ailerons with one hand at ." In bad weather a pilot circling a carrier while waiting to land would have been forced to fly such a wide circuit that he could not always keep the carrier in sight. The later prototypes had ailerons boosted by hydraulic power and artificial feel to the stick from a spring, as an interim measure but Brown found "the second prototype was much less the pleasant aircraft to fly as the stick continually hunted either side of neutral and there was no build up of stick force with increase in speed." The Spearfish lacked any sort of stall warning, which would have been a problem in operational use as the stall and approach speeds were fairly close. For the landing, the aircraft proved quite docile.
The first prototype was later used by Napier & Son at Luton for trials of the firm's inflight de-icing systems. It was then briefly used for ground-training purposes beginning on 30 April 1952, until it was scrapped shortly afterwards. The second prototype was used by the Royal Navy Carrier Trials Unit at RNAS Ford, Sussex, until it was sold for scrap on 15 September. The third prototype conducted ASV Mk.XV radar trials, but was damaged in a heavy landing on 1 September 1949 and sold for scrap on 22 August 1950 as uneconomical to repair. The fourth prototype never flew and was used as a source of spares. The sole Heaton Chapel-built aircraft was the closest to the planned production configuration and it was used for engine-cooling and power-assisted flying-control trials, until it was struck off charge on 24 July 1951.
In a follow-up, to meet Specification O.21/44 for a two-seat strike fighter, the Spearfish was redesigned to accommodate a twin-coupled Rolls-Royce Merlin engine and contra-rotating propellers. A variety of other engines were considered and although a production order was placed for three examples in 1944, the programme was eventually shelved, remaining as an unfulfilled paper project.
Description
The Spearfish was a cantilever, mid-wing monoplane, with an all-metal, monocoque fuselage. The centre wing section was built integral with the fuselage and the outer wing panels could be hydraulically folded for carrier operations. A distinguishing feature of the wing was the large Fairey-Youngman flaps that spanned 73.5% of the wing's trailing edge. The Spearfish had an outward-retracting conventional landing gear with a tailwheel. The wings housed a pair of fuel tanks, plus a tank in the leading edge of the starboard wing for a total of of fuel. The two-man tandem cockpit had a hydraulically operated canopy.
The large internal weapons bay could alternatively carry up to four bombs, four depth charges, a torpedo, or a auxiliary fuel tank. The Spearfish was intended to carry four 0.5-inch (12.7 mm) M2 Browning machine guns, two in a remote-controlled Fraser-Nash FN 95 barbette behind the cockpit and two in the wings. The only external offensive armament was 16 RP-3 rockets that could be carried underneath the outer wing panels.
Operators
Royal Navy, Fleet Air Arm
Specifications (Spearfish)
See also
References
Notes
Bibliography
Brown, Eric. "The Spearfish ... A Misconceived Welterweight". Air International, Vol. 14:1, January 1978, pp. 20–25 ISSN 0306-5634
Buttler, Tony. British Experimental Combat Aircraft of World War II: Prototypes, Research Aircraft and Failed Production Designs. Manchester, UK: Hikoki Publications, 2012.
Chorlton, Martin (editor). Fairey — Company Profile 1915–1960. Cudham, Kent, UK: Kelsey Publishing, 2012.
Sturtivant, Ray. Fleet Air Arm Fixed-Wing Aircraft Since 1946. Air-Britain, 2004.
Taylor, H. A. Fairey Aircraft Since 1915. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1988 [1974].
External links
Fleet Air Arm Archive
Two pictures of a Spearfish
Flight, 14 February 1946, pages a–d, 169–69 (permanent dead link)
1940s British bomber aircraft
Carrier-based aircraft
1940s British anti-submarine aircraft
Spearfish
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1945
Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairey%20Spearfish |
Artūras Karnišovas (born April 27, 1971) is a Lithuanian professional basketball executive and former player. He is the current executive vice president of basketball operations of the Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association (NBA).
Early life and college career
Karnišovas was born in Klaipėda to Mykolas, a basketball player, and Irena. Karnišovas started his career in Lithuania, with Statyba Vilnius, while in high school, and played there until 1990. His father also played for Statyba and they are the only father-son duo to play for the team at some point in their careers. Expressing an interest in playing and studying in the United States, Karnišovas earned an invitation to play college basketball at Seton Hall University following a recommendation of Šarūnas Marčiulionis to Seton Hall head coach P. J. Carlesimo during the 1990 FIBA World Championship. Karnišovas was the first player from the USSR to play in an American college, and arrived there without knowing a single word of English. In four years playing for the Seton Hall Pirates, Karnišovas helped the team win two Big East tournaments and qualify for the NCAA tournament four straight times, being the only player to start for all squads.
Professional playing career
After trying and failing to draw interest from a National Basketball Association (NBA) team, Karnišovas began playing overseas. His former college coach, P. J. Carlesimo, attributed his inability to play in North America to insufficient scouting and a more guaranteed financial return in Europe. Karnišovas is one of the few players to have played in Europe's four strongest national domestic league championships, Spain (for FC Barcelona), Italy (Fortitudo Bologna), Greece (Olympiacos Piraeus), and France (Cholet). He reached the EuroLeague's EuroLeague Final Four three times, and led the 1998–99 EuroLeague season in free throw percentage (89.6%). He was chosen as FIBA's European Player of the Year in 1996, by FIBA Basket magazine.
National team career
Karnišovas helped lead the senior men's Lithuanian national basketball team to consecutive bronze medals at the Summer Olympic Games in 1992 and 1996. He also played at the 1998 FIBA World Championship. He also played at the EuroBasket 1995, where he won a silver medal, at the EuroBasket 1997, and at the EuroBasket 1999.
Post-playing career
Karnišovas worked for the National Basketball Association's basketball operations office from 2003 to 2008, and afterwards became an international scout for the Houston Rockets for five years, while also directing the Adidas Eurocamp—a preparation tournament for European players picked in the NBA draft—in 2011 and 2012.
On July 16, 2013, he became the assistant general manager of the Denver Nuggets.
Karnišovas was considered one of the top candidates to be the new general manager for the Brooklyn Nets in 2016. In 2017, Karnišovas emerged as one of the candidates for the general manager position for the Milwaukee Bucks. On June 6, 2017, he remained as one of their three last original candidates, along with Wes Wilcox and Justin Zanik. On June 13, 2017, it was announced that only Karnišovas and the Bucks' interim general manager Justin Zanik remained as top candidates for the position. Two days later, on June 15, 2017, the Nuggets made Karnišovas their new general manager, with Tim Connelly moving up to become the team's president of basketball operations. The Bucks would eventually promote their director of basketball operations, Jon Horst, for their vacant general manager position instead. His first notable signing as a general manager was a multi-year contract with Paul Millsap on July 13, 2017. On February 15, 2019, Karnišovas signed a multi-year contract extension with the Nuggets.
On April 13, 2020, Karnišovas was named executive vice president of basketball operations by the Chicago Bulls.
Personal life
Karnišovas is married to Gina, whom he met at Seton Hall, and they live in Chicago, with their three sons. The family previously resided in North Jersey and Englewood, Colorado.
Awards and achievements
College
Haggerty Award: (1994)
Professional
FIBA European Selection: (1995)
EuroLeague Finals Top Scorer: (1996)
EuroLeague All-Final Four Team: (1996)
3× Spanish League champion: (1996, 1997, 2001)
FIBA Basket Magazine's European Player of the Year: (1996)
3× Spanish League All-Star: (1996, 2001 I, 2001 II)
FIBA EuroStars MVP: (1997)
3× FIBA EuroStar: (1997, 1998, 1999)
FIBA EuroStars MVP: (1997)
McDonald's Championship Finalist: (1997)
Greek League All-Star (1997)
Italian Supercup winner: (1998)
FIBA EuroStars Top Scorer: (1999)
Italian League champion: (2000)
Spanish King's Cup winner: (2001)
Lithuanian senior national team
2× Summer Olympic Games:
(1992, 1996)
EuroBasket:
(1995)
References
Notes
Sources
External links
Artūras Karnišovas at fibaeurope.com
Artūras Karnišovas at euroleague.net
Artūras Karnišovas at legabasket.it
Artūras Karnišovas at acb.com
1971 births
Living people
1998 FIBA World Championship players
Basketball players at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Basketball players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Basketball players from New Jersey
BC Statyba players
Chicago Bulls executives
Cholet Basket players
Denver Nuggets executives
Lithuanian expatriate basketball people in France
Lithuanian expatriate basketball people in Greece
Lithuanian expatriate basketball people in Italy
FC Barcelona Bàsquet players
Fortitudo Pallacanestro Bologna players
Liga ACB players
Lithuanian men's basketball players
Lithuanian expatriate basketball people in Spain
Lithuanian expatriate basketball people in the United States
Lithuanian expatriate sportspeople in France
Lithuanian expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Lithuanian expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
National Basketball Association scouts from Europe
Olympiacos B.C. players
Olympic basketball players for Lithuania
Olympic bronze medalists for Lithuania
Olympic medalists in basketball
Seton Hall Pirates men's basketball players
Small forwards
Soviet expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Soviet men's basketball players
Basketball players from Klaipėda | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%C5%ABras%20Karni%C5%A1ovas |
Full Circle (previously Dear Charles) is a play by Alan Melville adapted from "Les Enfants d'Edouard" by Marc-Gilbert Sauvajon and Frederick J. Jackson. It also was produced in 1944 with the title Slightly Scandalous, lasting only one week.
The plot focuses on Parisian author Dolores who "decides it is time to legitimize her three grown children so she invites their three fathers to a reunion party to decide which one she ought to marry."
Yvonne Arnaud and Tallulah Bankhead appeared in productions of Dear Charles in 1950s. In 2004 Joan Collins toured the UK with a revival of this play directed by Patrick Garland.
Sophie Stewart starred in a version of the play that was performed in Melbourne, Australia, in 1954 and went on to tour in Australia and New Zealand in 1955.
References
External links
"Dear Charles" in Theatre Archive University of Bristol
1953 plays
Comedy plays
English plays
Plays based on other plays
Plays by Alan Melville | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full%20Circle%20%28Melville%20play%29 |
Genene Anne Jones (born July 13, 1950) is an American serial killer, responsible for the deaths of up to 60 infants and children in her care as a licensed vocational nurse during the 1970s and 1980s. In 1984, Jones was convicted of murder and injury to a child. She had used injections of digoxin, heparin, and later succinylcholine to induce medical crises in her patients, causing numerous deaths. The exact number of victims remains unknown; hospital officials allegedly misplaced and then destroyed records of Jones' activities, to prevent further litigation after Jones' first conviction.
Early life and marriages
Jones was adopted by a nightclub owner and his wife. She worked as a beautician before attending nursing school in the late 1970s.
Jones was married to her high school sweetheart between 1968 and 1974, and they had one child during that time. The relationship ended in divorce. Three years later Jones and her husband reconciled and had another child together in 1977. Just before her indictment, she married a 19-year-old nursing assistant. He filed for divorce a short time later.
Career and background
While Jones worked as a licensed vocational nurse (LVN) at the Bexar County Hospital (now University Hospital of San Antonio) in the pediatric intensive care unit, a statistically improbable number of children died under her care. Because the hospital feared being sued, it simply asked all of its LVNs, including Jones, to resign and staffed the pediatric ICU exclusively with registered nurses. No further investigation was pursued by the hospital.
Jones left and took a position at a pediatrician's clinic in Kerrville, Texas, some 60 miles northwest of San Antonio. It was here that she was charged with poisoning six children. The doctor in the office discovered two puncture marks in a bottle of succinylcholine (Suxamethonium chloride) in the drug storage, where only she and Jones had access. Contents of the apparently full bottle were later found to be heavily diluted with water, where it was estimated that only 20% of the vial's contents were succinylcholine. Succinylcholine is a powerful short-acting paralytic that causes temporary paralysis of all skeletal muscles, as well as those that control breathing; the drug is used as a part of general anesthetic. A patient cannot breathe while under the influence of this drug. In small children, cardiac arrest is the ultimate result of deoxygenation due to lack of respiration.
Jones claimed she was trying to stimulate the creation of a pediatric intensive care unit in Kerrville.
Prosecution
In 1985, Jones was sentenced to 99 years in prison for killing 15-month-old Chelsea McClellan with succinylcholine. Later that year, she was sentenced to a concurrent term of 60 years in prison for nearly killing Rolando Santos with heparin.
As of May 2016, Jones was held at the Lane Murray Unit of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. She had been scheduled for mandatory release in 2018 due to a Texas law meant to prevent prison overcrowding. To avoid this, Jones was indicted on May 25, 2017, for the murder of 11-month-old Joshua Sawyer. Nico LaHood, Bexar County District Attorney, stated that additional charges could be filed in the deaths of other children. Due to the mandatory early-release law covering Jones' original convictions, she would otherwise have been released upon completion of a third of the original sentence. The new charges were filed to prevent her release. In April 2018, a judge in San Antonio denied a request to dismiss five new murder indictments against Jones. On January 16, 2020, Jones pleaded guilty to the murder of 11-month-old Joshua Sawyer on December 12, 1981, as part of a plea bargain in which four other charges were dropped. She was sentenced to life in prison. She will not be eligible for parole until she is roughly 87 years old.
In popular culture
She was portrayed by Susan Ruttan in the television movie Deadly Medicine (1991) and by Alicia Bartya in the straight-to-video movie Mass Murder (2002). She was also featured in a Discovery Channel documentary, Lethal Injection; Forensic Files season five episode ten entitled Nursery Crimes; a season one episode of the British docuseries Nurses Who Kill (2016); as well as "Dark Secrets," an episode of the Investigation Discovery series Deadly Women.
See also
Beverley Allitt
Miyuki Ishikawa
General:
List of serial killers in the United States
References
External links
Mass Murder
Genene Jones Letter to the Texas Board of Nursing (March 2011)
1950 births
21st-century American women
American female serial killers
American murderers of children
American people convicted of murder
American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
American women nurses
Criminals from Texas
Living people
Medical serial killers
Nurses convicted of killing patients
People convicted of murder by Texas
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Texas
People from San Antonio
Poisoners
Serial killers from Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genene%20Jones |
The Sopranos, an American crime drama television series created by David Chase that aired on the premium cable network HBO between 1999 and 2007, won and was nominated for a variety of different awards. The show won 21 Primetime Emmy Awards in 111 nominations. The series was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series seven times, in every year eligible, winning in 2004 (as the first series on a cable network to do so) and 2007. It also won five Golden Globe Awards in 23 nominations, including a win for Best Drama Series for its first season in 2000. The series was honored with two consecutive Peabody Awards in 2000 and 2001, and also won several major guild awards for its actors, directors, producers, and writers.
Additionally, because of the long hiatuses between certain seasons, the series was intermittently ineligible for awards.
Lead actor James Gandolfini and lead actress Edie Falco received the most nominations and wins of the ensemble cast, including three wins each for the Primetime Emmy Award, in their respective categories; as well as Falco winning the Golden Globe Award in 2000 and 2003, and Gandolfini winning in 2000. David Chase also received numerous accolades for his work on the series as a director, producer and writer, including the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series on three occasions. The Sopranos received 16 Directors Guild of America Award nominations, winning two of them; its four nominations in 2000 set a record for most nominations for a series in one category in a year. It received six Producers Guild of America Award nominations, winning three of them. At the Screen Actors Guild Awards, Gandolfini and Falco were honored three times each, and the entire cast also won for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2000 and 2008. The show won four Writers Guild of America Awards from 11 nominations and 12 TCA Awards from 24 nominations. Its five nominations and four wins at the TCA Awards in 1999 set records for most nominations and wins in a year.
Awards and nominations
Notes
Nominees for awards
Other
References
External links
Awards for The Sopranos at Internet Movie Database
Awards
Lists of awards by television series | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20awards%20and%20nominations%20received%20by%20The%20Sopranos |
Research Corporation for Science Advancement (RCSA) is an organization in the United States devoted to the advancement of science, funding research projects in the physical sciences. Since 1912, Research Corporation for Science Advancement has identified trends in science and education, financing many scientific research projects.
The Research Corporation was founded in 1912 by Frederick Gardner Cottrell, scientist, inventor, environmentalist and philanthropist, with initial funding derived from the profits from his patents on the electrostatic precipitator. Research Corporation was the second foundation established in the United States (Andrew Carnegie established the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching in 1906) and America's first foundation devoted solely to the advancement of science. For over 100 years, RCSA has catalyzed transformative research by funding top early-career teacher-scholars at America's colleges and universities.
RCSA seeks to identify and support ideas that could revolutionize and advance entire fields of study. At the same time, RCSA works to improve U.S. science education by advocating that faculty members enhance their teaching and contribution to society by remaining active in research and by involving undergraduates in their work. For many years the foundation has maintained that involving undergraduates in research develops critical thinking, creativity, problem solving, and intellectual independence, and promotes an innovation-oriented culture.
RCSA supports direct grants to academic scientists; conferences that leverage important scientific work that is already under way; advocacy with an emphasis on the research of early-career faculty; promulgating innovative ideas for scientific transformation; the integration of research and science teaching; interdisciplinary research; and building academic cultures that look toward tomorrow's scientific needs.
During the 1920s and 1930s, many scientists took out patents of their developments and assigned them to the Research Corporation in order to guarantee that any profits made from their work would be used for further scientific research (one notable example is Ernest O. Lawrence, who assigned his cyclotron patent to the company). The Research Corporation played a major role in the minds of many scientists of the period in formulating ideal policies about the role of intellectual property in science. It was one of the first foundations in the United States. In 1987, their invention-handing facilities became Research Corporation Technologies, a wholly independent company which handles technology transfer. It was also a major supporter of the research that led to the presentation of Interlingua in 1951.
Grants Programs: Cottrell Scholar Awards
The Cottrell Scholar Awards program (CSA) reinforces the growing awareness that teaching and research are complementary rather than wholly or partially exclusive. RCSA believes this convergence is essential for increasing the number of students who are attracted and retained in science.
Cottrell Scholar Awards are intended to:
Create a culture shift in Ph.D.-granting institutions toward valuing the university scholar;
Increase the attraction and retention of undergraduates in science;
Increase the number of undergraduates from Ph.D.-granting institutions pursuing graduate degrees.
The program provides $100,000 over three years to early-career faculty in chemistry, physics, astronomy, biochemistry and biophysics at major research universities. Cottrell Scholars are chosen not only for their high-quality research, but also for their dedication to the task of teaching undergraduates. There are currently more than 240 Scholars nationwide.
Each award recipient is required to attend at least two annual conferences during the three-year term of the award. These conferences are focused on providing opportunities to share teaching knowledge as well as mentoring from previous award recipients and nationally recognized experts on such topics as navigating career paths, and balancing research and education in the research university environment. Numerous Cottrell Scholars have found the knowledge and recognition the program provides to be major motivating factors in their efforts to push through reforms in undergraduate science curricula at their universities.
In 2011 RCSA did not make any regular Cottrell Scholar Awards; instead, foundation personnel and various Cottrell Scholars focused on revamping and reorienting the program to increase its effectiveness in the coming decade. At the 2011 conference, a new synergistic organization, the Cottrell Scholar Collaborative, was launched. The Collaborative's central goal is to act collectively to change the way undergraduate science education is taught at major American universities.
Grants Programs: Cottrell College Science Awards
The Cottrell College Science Awards (CCSA) program, RCSA's oldest initiative, was created in the early 1970s to promote basic research as a vital component of undergraduate education at primarily undergraduate institutions (PUIs). CCSA has supported the research work of more than 1,300 PUI faculty in more than 400 institutions, and has generated research opportunities for thousands of undergraduates at both public and private institutions. One of RCSA's important goals is to motivate students to pursue careers in research and to become the advanced scientific workforce America will need to remain prosperous and safe in the challenging decades to come.
The awards are intended to:
• Strengthen teacher-scholars while supporting high-quality research at primarily undergraduate institutions;
• Help early-career PUI faculty become competitive for federal funding;
• Encourage faculty to conduct meaningful collaborative work with undergraduate researchers, and;
• Enhance the research culture of science departments at public and private institutions in the U.S.
The CCSA Single-Investigator Award provides research support for early-career faculty with interests in the fields of chemistry, physics and astronomy and in closely related fields that overlap significantly with these three disciplines. RCSA also has a new initiative under the CCSA banner, the Multi-Investigator Awards, to encourage early-career faculty to establish in-house, interdisciplinary research collaborations. This was done to encourage PUI-based researchers to address the increasingly complex problems inherent in modern scientific inquiry.
Grants Programs: Arizona Partners in Science Awards
Arizona Partners in Science, an RCSA program in conjunction with the M.J. Murdock Charitable Trust, provides summer research opportunities for high-school science teachers under the supervision of faculty members at Arizona universities.
The objective of this program is to provide Arizona high-school science teachers the opportunity to work on summer research projects in collaboration with individual science faculty at universities within the state. The main goals are to help improve grade 9-12 science education and increase the number of students who choose to pursue science careers.
Strategic Partnerships
Research Corporation for Science Advancement works with corporations, fellow foundations, and government offices and agencies, as well as educational institutions, across the country.
In order to increase the breadth of its influence, in 2010 Research Corporation established a Strategic Partnerships program charged with increasing its endowment and establishing collaborations with corporations, fellow foundations, government offices and agencies.
Presidents
Nobel Laureates
Research Corporation for Science Advancement has funded the early work of at least 40 scientists who have received Nobel Prizes.
References
External links
Research Corporation website
Archival collections
Research Corporation maser and laser patents collection, 1956-1962, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
Science and technology in the United States
Research organizations in the United States
Organizations based in Tucson, Arizona
Organizations established in 1912 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research%20Corporation |
Coleman is a community in the Rocky Mountains within the Municipality of Crowsnest Pass in southwest Alberta, Canada. It was formerly incorporated as a town prior to 1979 when it amalgamated with four other municipalities to form Crowsnest Pass.
Coleman is located in Census Division No. 15 and in the riding of Macleod. It is served by Highway 3 (Crowsnest Highway) and the Canadian Pacific Railway.
History
In 1903, a new townsite was laid out a few kilometres west of Blairmore, to service a new coal mine operated by the International Coal and Coke Company. Initial names of Paulson's Camp or McGillivray Hill were rejected by the post office, settling on Coleman (after the mother's maiden name of the president and mine owner A. C. Flumerfelt's wife, Ada, and the middle name of his youngest daughter, Norma Coleman Flumerfelt). Coleman was incorporated as a village on 11 January 1904. It then incorporated as a town on 10 September 1910.
A feature of Coleman was the mine's 100 (later 216) coke ovens located at it outskirts, which operated from 1906 to 1952. The town grew rapidly, surpassing its neighbour Blairmore as the largest in the region. Coleman had an opera house from 1908 until it burned down in 1948.
Coleman persevered through strikes (1911 and 1932), floods (1923 and 1942), and fires (1948). As the coal mines in the region gradually closed, Coleman's commercial importance waned in favour of Blairmore. On 3 November 1978, the Government of Alberta passed the Crowsnest Pass Municipal Unification Act, which led to the formal amalgamation of the Town of Coleman with the Village of Bellevue, the Town of Blairmore, the Village of Frank, and Improvement District (ID) No. 5 on 1 January 1979.
Coleman's coal mining heritage is evident in its several historic buildings, a regional museum, the ruins of its coal plant and coke ovens, several nearby abandoned mines, and the "biggest piggy bank in the world" made from a gauge air driven thermos bottle mine locomotive. Much of the downtown section now forms the Coleman National Historic Site.
Geography
Climate
Coleman has a subarctic climate (Dfc) with mild to warm summers and cold, snowy winters.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population, the urban population centre of Coleman, as delineated by Statistics Canada, recorded a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
As a population centre in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Coleman recorded a population of 1,475 living in 696 of its 891 total private dwellings, an change from its 2011 population of 1,366. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016.
Notable people
Joe Kryczka, Justice of the Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta, president of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association
See also
List of former urban municipalities in Alberta
References
Crowsnest Pass, Alberta
Former towns in Alberta
National Historic Sites in Alberta
Populated places disestablished in 1979 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coleman%2C%20Alberta |
Streetnoise is a 1969 album by Julie Driscoll, Brian Auger and the Trinity, originally released as a double LP.
It includes cover versions of The Doors’ "Light My Fire", Nina Simone’s "Take Me To The Water", Laura Nyro’s "Save the Country", Miles Davis' "All Blues", Richie Havens' "Indian Rope Man", and "Let The Sunshine In" and "I Got Life" from the musical Hair. Driscoll covers this wide range of musical influences easily and with her highly emotive and distinctive vocals, and with Auger's intense Hammond organ, the album is instrumentally interesting, too.
Track listing
LP side 1
sub-titled: HOW GOOD WOULD IT BE TO FEEL FREE
1. "Tropic of Capricorn" (Brian Auger) 5:30
2. "Czechoslovakia" (Julie Driscoll) 6:45
3. "Take Me to the Water" (Nina Simone) 4:00
4. "A Word About Colour" (Julie Driscoll) 1:35
LP side 2
sub-titled: KISS HIM QUICK, HE HAS TO PART
5. "Light My Fire" (John Densmore, Robby Krieger, Ray Manzarek, Jim Morrison) 4:30
6. "Indian Rope Man" (Richie Havens, Joe Price, Mark Roth) 3:00
7. "When I Was a Young Girl" (Traditional; arranged by Julie Driscoll) 7:00
8. "The Flesh Failures (Let the Sunshine In)" (James Rado, Gerome Ragni, Galt MacDermot) 3:05
LP side 3
sub-titled: LOOKING IN THE EYE OF THE WORLD
9. "Ellis Island" (Brian Auger) 4:10
10. "In Search of the Sun" (Dave Ambrose) 4:25
11. "Finally Found You Out" (Brian Auger) 4:15
12. "Looking in the Eye of the World" (Brian Auger) 5:05
LP side 4
sub-titled: SAVE THE COUNTRY
13. "Vauxhall to Lambeth Bridge" (Julie Driscoll) 6:30
14. "All Blues" (Miles Davis, Oscar Brown) 5:40
15. "I've Got Life" (James Rado, Gerome Ragni, Galt MacDermot) 4:30
16. "Save the Country" (Laura Nyro) 3:56
Personnel
Brian "Auge" Auger - B-3 organ, piano, electric piano, vocals
Julie "Jools" Driscoll - lead vocals, acoustic guitar
David "Lobs" Ambrose - 4- and 6- string electric basses, acoustic guitar, vocals
Clive "Toli" Thacker - drums, percussion
References
External links
BBC - Classic Pop/Rock Review - Brian Auger Julie Driscoll & The Trinity, Open, Definitely What!, Streetnoise
1969 albums
Julie Driscoll albums
Brian Auger albums
Progressive rock albums by English artists
Jazz fusion albums by English artists
Albums produced by Giorgio Gomelsky
Polydor Records albums
Collaborative albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streetnoise |
Model elimination is the name attached to a pair of proof procedures invented by Donald W. Loveland, the first of which was published in 1968 in the Journal of the ACM. Their primary purpose is to carry out automated theorem proving, though they can readily be extended to logic programming, including the more general disjunctive logic programming.
Model elimination is closely related to resolution while also bearing characteristics of a tableaux method. It is a progenitor of the SLD resolution procedure used in the Prolog logic programming language.
While somewhat eclipsed by attention to, and progress in, resolution theorem provers, model elimination has continued to attract the attention of researchers and software developers. Today there are several theorem provers under active development that are based on the model elimination procedure.
References
Loveland, D. W. (1968) Mechanical theorem-proving by model elimination. Journal of the ACM, 15, 236—251.
Automated theorem proving
Logical calculi
Logic in computer science | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%20elimination |
The British Columbia Breakers were a professional women's ice hockey team in the National Women's Hockey League (NWHL). The team played its home games in Langley, a suburb of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The Owner of the Breakers was Nu Global Sports Inc.
History
The British Columbia Breakers is an ice hockey team in the Western Women's Hockey League (WWHL). It was formed in 2004 as a charter member of the league. In 2006, it was announced that the WWHL would be absorbed into the National Women's Hockey League. However, this was short lived as the NWHL and WWHL could not reach an agreement upon a playoff schedule. As a result, the merger was not consummated. With the collapse of the NWHL in the summer of 2007, the Western Women's Hockey League was once again a completely independent league.
Season-by-season
In their first season, the Breakers finished with a record of five wins, 15 losses, and one tie. They were led in scoring by American veteran Cammi Granato, who had 8 goals and 11 assists for 19 points. Kyla Gillespie and Jodi Faye led the team with 9 goals each, Gillespie in only 14 games. The Breakers came fourth out of five teams and missed the playoffs.
In 2005–2006, the team finished in last place of the five teams—with a record of 21 losses and 3 ties. Melissa Anderson led the team in both goals (9) and total points (15), even though she only played 14 of the 24 games. Goaltender Jennifer Price, who faced almost 50 shots per game (and saved about 91% of them), was named the league's defensive player of the year.
The 2006-2007 season showed some promise as the Breakers received a few new players who helped them develop their team. Under the guidance of Jeff Bandura the team had its best season to date. Even so, management was pursued by the players to relieve Jeff Bandura of his duties.
In 2007-2008 Proved to be a tough rebuild from the 2006-07 season, as a number of key players had left. Nat Christensen (formerly a player of the Vancouver Griffins) was appointed head coach. The 2007-2008 edition of the breakers went winless through difficult season.
In 2008-2009 the team was stronger than 2007-08, and it looked to be a promising season. This season, however, was riddled with financial problems from its ownership and proved to be costly on the players. Although the team dynamics were strong, it was not enough to save the team from being pulled at the peak of the season due to the ownership unable to front the costs he committed to. The sports management group had pulled out earlier in the season seeing the writing on the wall. The Breakers were forced to end their season early and are no longer a part of the WWHL.
Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, Pts = Points.
Season standings
Last roster 2008-09
Coaching staff 2008-09
Head Coach: Natalie Christensen
Assistant Coach: Ken Welsh
Manager Player/Equipment: Maureen Hawkes
References
External links
Western Women's Hockey League Website
See also
Western Women's Hockey League (WWHL)
List of ice hockey teams in British Columbia
Western Women's Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in Vancouver
Defunct women's ice hockey teams in Canada
Ice hockey teams in British Columbia
2004 establishments in British Columbia
2009 disestablishments in British Columbia
Women in British Columbia
Ice hockey clubs established in 2004
Ice hockey clubs disestablished in 2009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Columbia%20Breakers |
Billy Joe Tolliver (born February 7, 1966) is an American former professional football player who was a quarterback in the National Football League (NFL) and Canadian Football League (CFL) for twelve seasons with the San Diego Chargers, Atlanta Falcons, Houston Oilers, Shreveport Pirates, Kansas City Chiefs, and New Orleans Saints. Over the course of his NFL career, he played in 79 games, completed 891 of 1,707 passes for 10,760 yards, threw 59 touchdowns and 64 interceptions, and retired with a passer rating of 67.7.
A graduate of Boyd High School and Texas Tech University, Tolliver was selected 51st in the 1989 NFL Draft by the San Diego Chargers. He started 19 games in two seasons at San Diego before being traded to Atlanta, where he saw playing time as a backup for three seasons. In 1994, he became one of three starting quarterbacks for Houston and then served as quarterback of the Shreveport Pirates in the CFL during their final season of activity in 1995. After not competing in 1996, Tolliver played for both Atlanta and Kansas City in 1997. He then started 11 games for New Orleans in two seasons but did not take the field in 2000. A stint with the Green Bay Packers in the 2001 offseason concluded his professional career.
Early life
Tolliver grew up in Boyd, Texas, where he attended local schools. He played high school football at Boyd High School. During his senior season, he led the Boyd Yellowjackets to a 15–0–1 record and the 2–A state championship. He amassed more than 1,000 rushing and passing yards and was named Player of the Year by the Fort Worth Star-Telegram. Tolliver was a three–sport athlete in high school, averaging 15 points and 17 rebounds in basketball and throwing 14 no-hitters in baseball.
College career
After graduating from high school, Tolliver played college football at Texas Tech University and was a member of the Delta Tau Delta fraternity. His hard throwing style led Texas Tech head coach David McWilliams to say, "He throws the ball harder, and with more velocity, than anyone I've ever seen." He redshirted his freshman season in 1984 and became the starting quarterback in 1985. On November 9, 1985, Tolliver had his first breakout performance for the Red Raiders as he threw for a record-setting 422 yards and five touchdowns in a 63–7 win over Texas Christian University (TCU), a feat that helped him become a household name in Texas. As he began his sophomore season, he was considered the lone bright spot on Texas Tech's offense. Tolliver struggled at the start of the year; by the end of September he had only completed 54 of 123 passes. After throwing five interceptions in a game against Baylor, he shrugged off the bad game, saying, "even Betty Crocker burns a cake every now and then." His fortunes continued to sink when in a game in late October against the Rice Owls, he was benched, and backup quarterback Monte McGuire rallied the team to a victory. However, Tolliver regained his starting job and brought his team to the 1986 Independence Bowl as Texas Tech won six games for the first time since 1978. He finished the season with 1,802 passing yards and seven touchdowns.
Tolliver began his junior year facing Florida State, a game in which he suffered a hairline fracture in his foot, leaving him doubtful for the match. He missed the first three games of the season but returned in Texas Tech's fourth game against Baylor, completing 14 of 25 passes for 189 yards, a touchdown and an interception in a 36–22 loss. Tolliver's next big performance came against TCU, the same team he defeated 63–7 as a freshman. He threw a touchdown pass to Wayne Walker in the last minute to beat TCU 36–35. He finished the season having passed for 1,422 yards and seven touchdowns in eight games. The next season, his senior year, Tolliver and Texas Tech sought to win the Southwest Conference. He started the season strong, throwing an 85-yard pass against Arizona—it was the third-longest pass in school history—but the Red Raiders started with two losses. By the end of the season, Tolliver had set 16 school records and was awarded the Southwest Conference Sportsmanship Award by the league's officials. After four seasons with Texas Tech, he set the school record for career passing yards (6,756), career pass attempts (1,008), career pass completions (493), career touchdown passes (38), season passing yards in 1988 (2,869), and single game passing yards (446) against Oklahoma State University in 1988. Tolliver was inducted into Texas Tech's Hall of Honor in 2002.
Professional career
San Diego Chargers
Tolliver was selected by the San Diego Chargers in the second round of the 1989 NFL Draft. The Chargers traded third, fourth, and seventh-round picks in exchange for the New York Giants' second-round pick in order to draft him. Tolliver was signed on July 31, 1989, after a short holdout. He was to compete with Mark Malone and David Archer for the starting job, a spot which eventually went to Jim McMahon after the Chargers traded for him. As the 1989 season began with McMahon as the helm, Tolliver was slated to play the second half of the final preseason game against the Phoenix Cardinals. After 13 completions in 23 attempts, Tolliver ran the ball late in the game and broke his collarbone, sidelining him for at least six weeks. After spending the first seven games on the injured reserve list, Tolliver was taken off the list and named the starter for the game against the Seattle Seahawks on October 29, replacing McMahon who had disappointed at quarterback. In Tolliver's first start, he played three quarters, throwing six completed passes in 17 attempts for 41 yards and throwing an interception in a 10–7 loss. Tolliver subsequently lost the starting job back to McMahon. However, in late November, Tolliver was given the starting job back, remaining the starting quarterback the rest of the season. Tolliver finished the season having played five games with 89 completions in 185 attempts, 1097 yards, five touchdowns, eight interceptions, and a 57.9 quarterback rating.
As the 1990 season began, McMahon was released by the team, leaving Tolliver as the starting quarterback at training camp. After training camp and a preseason in which Tolliver started and was relieved by quarterbacks Mark Vlasic and rookie John Friesz, Chargers head coach Dan Henning named Vlasic as the starting quarterback against the Dallas Cowboys in the season opener, saying that he was "steadier" than Tolliver. After a loss against Dallas, Tolliver regained his starting job during the game two against the Cincinnati Bengals. Despite some shaky performances in the following weeks, the Chargers' coaching staff stuck by their quarterback, saying that "the last thing we need around here is more change." Tolliver played nearly the rest of the season as the starting quarterback but was replaced by Friesz for the final game of the season against the Los Angeles Raiders. The Chargers made this move because, according to Henning, "Tolliver has to work on his shortcomings." Tolliver finished the season having completed 216 of 410 passes, thrown for 2,574 yards, 16 touchdowns, and 16 interceptions, and posting a QB rating of 68.9.
Although Tolliver had the confidence of Dan Henning, Chargers general manager Bobby Beathard and owner Alex Spanos were unsatisfied with his production during the 1990 season, and were looking towards Friesz as the future quarterback. Tolliver was the leading man for the starting quarterback position as training camp for the 1991 season began, with Friesz battling Bob Gagliano for the backup spot. However, after training camp ended, Friesz was named the starting quarterback for the 1991 season opener against the Pittsburgh Steelers.
Atlanta Falcons
Just a few days after losing the starting job, Tolliver was traded to the Atlanta Falcons for a fifth-round draft pick. In Atlanta, Tolliver was the backup quarterback behind Chris Miller and alongside rookie Brett Favre, and played part of seven games throughout the season. Tolliver's breakthrough as a Falcon came against the San Francisco 49ers on November 3. Miller was injured in the second quarter, and Tolliver was brought in for the rest of the game. With one second left, he threw a 44-yard Hail Mary pass to Michael Haynes, which was caught for a touchdown and sealing a 17–14 upset victory. Due to his performance and Miller's injury, Tolliver was given his first start the following week against the Washington Redskins. Tolliver's first start with the Falcons was a 56–17 blowout loss. Afterwards, Tolliver got his second and last start of the season against the Green Bay Packers as a result of Miller suddenly running a fever. Tolliver finished the regular season having completing 40 of 82 passes with four touchdowns, two interceptions, and a QB rating of 75.8.
After the Falcons traded Favre to the Packers, Miller and Tolliver were the only quarterbacks on the roster. Before the season started, Wade Wilson signed with the team, and the two shared the role of backup to Miller. Tolliver played two of the first eight games, then was named the starting quarterback when the Falcons lost Miller for the season as a result of reconstructive surgery on his left knee. Tolliver's first start of the season came against the 49ers. He completed 16 of 25 passes, but threw three interceptions in a 41–3 loss. The next week against the Cardinals, Tolliver was benched for the final series as Wilson led the team to victory and Tolliver argued with coach Jerry Glanville. Despite the conflict and a shoulder injury, Glanville gave Tolliver the start the following week against the Buffalo Bills. He played a few more games before being replaced by Wilson for the rest of the season, partially as a result of Wilson throwing five touchdown passes in his first start en route to a 35–7 Falcons victory. Tolliver finished the season with five touchdowns, five interceptions, a 55.7% completion percentage, and a 70.4 QB rating.
After the 1992 season, Tolliver was a restricted free agent. Wilson signed a contract with the Saints, and to replace him the Falcons signed Bobby Hebert. Tolliver signed a one-year contract in August, after holding out for a time. Tolliver started the 1993 season as the third-string quarterback behind Hebert and Miller. However, Miller re-injured his left knee in late September, making Tolliver the main backup to Hebert. Tolliver made his first start against the Los Angeles Rams, but was injured in his second start against the Saints; the Falcons signed Chris Hakel as a result of the injury. Tolliver finished the season in occasional relief for Hebert, who remained bothered by injuries. Over the course of the year, Tolliver played in seven games and threw for just under 500 yards, and became a free agent after the season ended.
Houston Oilers
In early September 1994, Tolliver was signed to a contract by the Houston Oilers. He was originally the third-string quarterback, but ineffectiveness by Bucky Richardson led Tolliver to relieve him in a game against the Cleveland Browns. Tolliver played well enough to be considered for the starting job the following week due to Cody Carlson dealing with injuries. Tolliver made his first start in a game against the Raiders, but played inconsistently over seven starts and was replaced by Richardson in the season finale against the New York Jets. After finishing the season, Tolliver became a free agent and left the NFL.
Shreveport Pirates
Tolliver signed a three-year contract worth about $1 million with the Shreveport Pirates of the Canadian Football League before the 1995 season began. Early in the season, Tolliver got to compete against former teammate David Archer in the San Antonio Texans' CFL debut. He finished the season having thrown for 3,767 yards, 16 touchdowns, and 15 interceptions. After the team folded following a 5–13 season, Tolliver was again without a team.
Atlanta Falcons (second stint)
In October 1996, Tolliver rejoined the Falcons as the third-string quarterback, this time sitting behind Bobby Hebert and Browning Nagle. He spent the 1996 season on the bench, and did not take a snap in a game. He was re-signed by Atlanta in April and given a one-year contract worth $325,000.
Tolliver was slated to compete with Tommy Maddox for the backup quarterback spot at Atlanta as training camp rolled around. Halfway through August, Maddox was released, and Tolliver was made the primary backup behind Chris Chandler. Tolliver played his first NFL game since 1994 on September 7, 1997 against the Carolina Panthers. He completed 7 of 17 passes for 79 yards. After relieving Chandler again the following week, Tolliver was slated to start the next game against the 49ers, in what became his only starting appearance of the season. He was slated to start again against the Denver Broncos, but instead came in late in the game. He was almost able to lead the Falcons to a comeback victory over the Broncos, completing six of nine passes for 85 yards and a touchdown, but he instead lost to the then-undefeated Broncos as the team remained winless. When Chandler went down with an injury in late October, coach Dan Reeves chose to start Tony Graziani. Shortly afterwards, Tolliver was released by the Falcons.
Kansas City Chiefs
In early November, Kansas City Chiefs quarterback Elvis Grbac was lost for the season due to a broken collarbone. As a result, the Chiefs signed Tolliver to a two-year contract as the third-string quarterback to replace him. Tolliver finished the season having completed 64 passes in 116 attempts for 677 yards, five touchdowns, and one interception. Only one of the 116 attempts came as a Kansas City quarterback. The 1998 preseason began with Tolliver competing with Pat Barnes for the third-string quarterback job, but this ended when Tolliver was released by the Chiefs in August.
New Orleans Saints
After Saints quarterback Billy Joe Hobert was lost for the season with a ruptured Achilles tendon, the Saints signed Tolliver to a two-year deal. After four starts by Danny Wuerffel, Saints coach Mike Ditka gave Tolliver the start against the Atlanta Falcons. After starting for four weeks and having a few impressive performances, Tolliver was benched in favor of Kerry Collins, who finished the season as starting quarterback. Tolliver finished the year with one of his most statistically impressive seasons, completing 110 of 199 passes for 1,427 yards, eight touchdowns, four interceptions, and finishing with a QB rating of 83.1.
Tolliver started the 1999 season as Hobert's backup. Hobert started the first four games but was injured, leaving Tolliver to start against the Tennessee Titans on October 17 and the Giants the week after. Hobert started the next game, but suffered a pinched nerve in his neck, resulting in Tolliver's third start of the season against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Against the 49ers, he scored the third and fourth rushing touchdowns of his career en route to a 24–6 win. However, the next week against the Jacksonville Jaguars, Tolliver suffered a torn MCL, and he was considered likely to miss the rest of the season. A couple of weeks later, Tolliver had bounced back from his injury by "treating himself with some WD-40" and was named the starter in the December 12 game against the St. Louis Rams. Tolliver was again injured the following week against the Baltimore Ravens, putting an end to his season, which he finished with a 51.9 completion percentage, 1,916 yards, seven touchdowns, 16 interceptions, and a QB rating of 58.9.
Throughout the 1999 season, Tolliver remained a vocal supporter of coach Ditka despite the Saints' 3–13 record, saying "I think he's a heck of a football coach, a great motivator. We just got to start buying what he's selling." Ditka was fired by the Saints, but as training camp for the 2000 season began, Tolliver was the Saints' backup quarterback behind Jeff Blake. On August 1, the Saints traded for quarterback Aaron Brooks, which left Tolliver to compete for the third-string spot alongside Jake Delhomme. The Saints' roster was reduced to 53 players, and Tolliver was among those cut. When the Saints lost Jeff Blake for the season in mid-November due to a dislocated foot, Tolliver was re-signed by the Saints, though he did not play a game that season.
Green Bay Packers
In July 2001, Tolliver was signed by the Green Bay Packers. This briefly reunited him with Brett Favre, with whom he was teammates in Atlanta. However, he was cut on August 21, 2001, when Doug Pederson won the backup job, and this stint marked the end of Tolliver's professional career.
Personal life
Tolliver was named after his uncle Joe and aunt Billie. He and his wife, Sheila, have five children.
Tolliver is an avid golfer and has played many celebrity tournaments. He is a regular competitor at the American Century Championship in Lake Tahoe, the annual competition to determine the best golfers among American sports and entertainment celebrities. He won in 1996, when it was the Isuzu Celebrity Golf Challenge, in 2005, in 2010 (with a new point record of 84 points), and in 2013, and had a total of fourteen top-ten finishes as of the 2019 tournament.
References
External links
1966 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
Atlanta Falcons players
Houston Oilers players
Kansas City Chiefs players
New Orleans Saints players
San Diego Chargers players
Canadian football quarterbacks
Shreveport Pirates players
American players of Canadian football
Players of American football from Dallas
Players of Canadian football from Dallas
Texas Tech Red Raiders football players
People from Boyd, Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy%20Joe%20Tolliver |
The Feeble Files is an adventure video game about the adventures of an alien called Feeble. The game is a science fiction comedy, with a similar style of British humour to that of Adventure Soft's previous games, the Simon the Sorcerer series.
It was created and released in the UK in 1997 by Adventure Soft. e.p.i.c. interactive (now RuneSoft) created a Mac version in 2001 and an Amiga version in 2002 that were released in Europe. In 2002 the Mac version was released in the U.S..
The game was made available for DRM-free digital distribution from GOG.com on December 30, 2008.
Gameplay
For interaction the game uses a point-and-click navigation system synonymous with adventure games. The player is in control of the main character, Feeble, and must solve various puzzles to advance through the game and complete his quest. However, the player eventually gets the opportunity to use SAM, a robot with a penchant for genocide, to solve certain puzzles in the game. When using SAM the players cursor changes and different options are available to interact with objects in the environment, adding more depth to the gameplay.
At one point during the game the player must win several arcade games in order to advance, however these games use completely different gameplay methods and often proved to be very difficult for players. In the end Adventure Soft released a saved game just after the arcade section to allow people to carry on playing.
The story and puzzles within the game are all of a linear nature.
Plot
'The Feeble Files is loosely based on elements of the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell which describes a government and society similar to Feeble's and features a protagonist with similar ambitions as Feeble's.
Characters
Feeble: A young and able scientist at the Ministry of Galactic Uncertainty (Crop Circle Division) whose main task is to travel to far corners of the galaxy, such as Earth's solar system, in order to covertly burn circles in crop fields. The purpose of this activity, according to the in-game encyclopaedia, is to stimulate curiosity and paranoia about the universe in a planet's inhabitants, and thereby the development of science and technology, such that the planet will eventually become valuable enough to be worth invading and assimilating. After another day at work, Feeble encounters an asteroid field on his way back and accidentally crashes into a Voyager space probe, which in turn crashes into his workplace, thus getting him in serious trouble and, eventually, into the Freedom Fighters.
Dolores: A freedom fighter who recruits Feeble into their ranks, helping him out of prison first. Tough, resourceful and persistent, she makes a model of a rebel. She is of the same species as Feeble, though is much taller than him (apart from his brother, their mother and their grandfather, there are no other Grenelons in the game). Dolores is a playable character in a short sequence of the game, the only one to employ a FPS kind of gameplay.
SAM: A 13-class intercepting robot, SAM is discovered by Dolores on board the prison vessel, shortly after their crash landing on the planet Filb. As a deadly dangerous and always willing to fight robot, SAM's relationship with the peaceful Feeble is, at first, rather shaky, though after a while they learn to get along quite well. SAM is the second playable character after Feeble.
Institutions
OmniBrain: The OmniBrain is the governing power of the galaxy, controlling and seeing everything via the all-powerful OmniCorporation and its tortuous bureaucracy, and the sinister Enforcers. The game states “he considers all life forms everywhere to be his citizens, and he loves them and cares for them in the way that is best for them, and wants them all to be happy. Praise be to the OmniBrain!" This fine line between a god and a dictatorship is explored at many points throughout the game. The OmniBrain is an obvious reference to Orwell's Big Brother.
OmniCorporation: Widely known as the Company, the OmniCorporation is the ruling body of Feeble's universe and its actual existence, unlike the OmniBrain's, is unquestionable. One of the Company's main objectives is to ensure that all citizens remain loyal and happy. The former is achevied by providing the citizens with various types of substances that lower one's abilities to think critically of the society they see around them. The latter is implemented by the so-called Happy Bots who patrol the city of Metro Prime, killing everybody that seems upset, even if the reason for their anxiety is by no means concerned with politics. The Company's counterpart in Orwell's novel is the Party.
Ministry of Galactic Uncertainty: Feeble works for the Ministry of Galactic Uncertainty (Crop Circle Division). It is his job to fly to undeveloped planets, such as Earth, and create crop circles in order to increase the indigenous population's paranoia and uncertainty about the universe. This is to stimulate greater scientific investigation and technological development, until the planet is sufficiently advanced that it is ready to be absorbed by the OmniCorporation.
Freedom Fighters: A group of rebels whose main and, apparently, only objective is to bring down the Company and the OmniBrain. The rebels have spent years trying to track down the OmniBrain's exact location in order to destroy him. The Freedom Fighters try to maintain contact with the population (and, possibly, recruit new members) by spreading Traitor TV, a TV channel outside the Company's control. The group is made up mostly of partisans and the game hints that in the course of their anti-Company struggle they have not refrained from killing civilians. The Freedom Fighters' means of recruiting new members are very cautious: the potential candidate is watched closely by one of the partisans and if he or she proves able to think independently and might serve to the rebels' cause, contact is established. Afterward, his or her Oracle is uploaded with a rebel version of the Encyclopedia (which might be a reference to Goldstein's book in Nineteen Eighty-Four). In such a way Feeble was recruited by Dolores. The Freedom Fighters refer to one another as comrades and they might have been based on communist guerillas.
Cygnus Alpha: The Company's most prominent penitentiary colony on board which hundreds of citizens are gradually brainwashed and deprived of all independent thoughts and feelings but unswerving love for the OmniBrain. The Cygnus Alpha security system comprises a network of screens that display a hypnotyzing spiral from time to time so as to make sure that no prisoner has time to think clearly for a longer period. The inmates divide their time into sleeping, eating disgusting food, watching TV and working on an assembly line that construct Company propaganda devices.
Filb: A C-class planet outside the OmniCorporation, inhabited by a race of primitive blue aliens who worship as a god the only operative of the only Company outpost on the planet, Feeble's hated brother, Filbert, who uses them as test subjects for his experiments.
Directives: Directives are rules created by the OmniBrain to make the world better; there are over a million of them. As the game progresses a record is kept of all the rules that Feeble has broken.
Development
The game is presented in pre-rendered 2D graphics at a much higher resolution than the Simon the Sorcerer games series. However, given the five-year gap between its original UK release and the US release there have been several claims that it looks dated.
To bring Feeble's world to life several famous actors were recruited to provide the voices. Feeble was voiced by Robert Llewellyn from the BBC comedy Red Dwarf (after previously having co-star Chris Barrie as Simon the Sorcerer), and Blake's 7’s Peter Tuddenham provides the voice for the Oracle.
Reception
In 2011, Adventure Gamers named The Feeble Files the 91st-best adventure game ever released. The game was made compatible with ScummVM in version 0.9.1.
See alsoThe Space Bar''
References
External links
The Feeble Files at the Hall of Light
1997 video games
Adventure games
Amiga games
Classic Mac OS games
MorphOS games
Point-and-click adventure games
Science fiction video games
ScummVM-supported games
Video games about extraterrestrial life
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Windows games
RuneSoft games
Single-player video games
Adventure Soft games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Feeble%20Files |
A laptop orchestra (lork or LO) or laptop ensemble (LE) is a chamber music ensemble consisting primarily of laptops. Education based laptop orchestras include SCLOrk (Santa Clara University Laptop Orchestra), BLOrk (University of Colorado Boulder Laptop Orchestra), CLOrk (Concordia Laptop Orchestra), CMLO (CMU Laptop Orchestra, Carnegie Mellon), HELO (Huddersfield Experimental Laptop Orchestra), L2Ork (Virginia Tech Linux Laptop Orchestra) OLO (Oslo Laptop Orchestra), PLOrk (Princeton Laptop Orchestra), SLOrk (Stanford Laptop Orchestra), SAMPLE (Portland State University Sonic Arts and Music Production Laptop Ensemble), and ELUNM (Ensamble de Laptops de la Universidad Nacional de Música in Peru. City based laptop orchestras include BiLE (Birmingham Laptop Ensemble), MiLO (Milwaukee Laptop Orchestra), and BSBLOrk (The Brasília Laptop Orchestra).
CLOrk
Concordia Laptop Orchestra (CLOrk) is an ensemble of laptop performers, consisting of up to 25 members, based at Concordia University's Music Department in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Founded and directed by professor Eldad Tsabary, CLOrk specializes in networked and multidisciplinary performances and collaborations, such as with dance and video.
CLOrk's first performance (January 2011) was a telematic collaboration with other laptop ensembles across Canada as part of the University of Calgary Happening Festival. Since that performance, CLOrk has performed telematically on several occasions with other laptop ensembles (such as McMaster's Cybernetic Orchestra) and acoustic ensembles at New York University, University of California, San Diego, Queen's University Belfast, Hamburg Hochschule of Music, University of California, Irvine, and Mustek duo (Edinburgh), among others, at international events such as Birmingham Network Music Festival, ToBeContinued, and Penta Locus.
The laptop orchestra trend began with the Princeton Laptop Orchestra (PLOrk) in 2005 and continued with the emergence of many laptop orchestras and ensembles around the world, each characterized by certain technological traits and artistic approaches. CLOrk is characterized by a non-uniform technological approach, based on the idea of "music first; technology follows," by its network music activities, by its collaboration with acoustic ensembles, and by its use of soundpainting conduction.
Electro-Acoustic Ensemble
The Electro-Acoustic Ensemble is a laptop-based ensemble at Loyola University New Orleans. The ensemble was formed in January 2009 by Professor Paul J. Botelho and is composed of thirteen performers. Custom software instruments are developed for the ensemble primarily using the ChucK and Java programming languages. The ensemble focuses on contemporary and classical electro-acoustic works and performs in a variety of situations with a special focus on guerrilla performance.
Notable performances
Futurist Manifesto was premiered at a guest lecture by philosopher Slavoj Žižek at Loyola University New Orleans on November 17, 2009. The work was based on the manifesto of the Italian Futurists and included live recitation of the manifesto with computer manipulation. This work was also performed at the New Orleans Museum of Art on April 1, 2011 as a part of the museum's Where Y'Art? series.
On December 4, 2009, the ensemble performed a twenty-four-hour meta-performance of Erik Satie's Vexations at Loyola University New Orleans. Notably, one audience member, pianist Michael Bennett, remained for the entire twenty-four-hour performance.
The ensemble performed a concert at McKeown's Books and Difficult Music, New Orleans, LA on March 26, 2011.
PLOrk
The Princeton Laptop Orchestra (abbreviated PLOrk) is an ensemble of computer-based meta-instruments at Princeton University.
PLOrk is part of research at Princeton University that investigates ways in which the computer can be integrated into conventional music-making contexts while also radically transforming those contexts. The Princeton Laptop Orchestra is a group of 12–15 persons and uses the “orchestra” (in a very general sense) as a model.
Each PLOrk “instrument” consists of a laptop, a multi-channel hemispherical speaker, and a variety of “control” devices (keyboards, graphics tablets, sensors). The members of this ensemble act as performers, researchers, composers, and software developers.
History
PLOrk was co-founded in 2005 by professors Perry Cook and Dan Trueman, with graduate students Scott Smallwood and Ge Wang, and funding and support from many Princeton University departments, organizations, and industrial affiliations. Composers and performers from Princeton and elsewhere developed new pieces for the ensemble, including Paul Lansky (Professor of Music at Princeton), Brad Garton (Director of the Columbia Computer Music Center), Pauline Oliveros, PLOrk co-founders Dan Trueman and Perry Cook, Scott Smallwood, Ge Wang, and others. The new PLOrk gave its first performance on April 4, 2006, in Richardson Auditorium, Princeton University. Grammy-winning tabla player Zakir Hussain, renowned accordionist Pauline Oliveros, and So Percussion also performed with the group. PLOrk has since performed at Dartmouth College, the Ear to the Earth festival (produced by the Electronic Music Foundation), ffmup, and elsewhere. Several scholarly articles describing the motivations for establishing such an ensemble, the issues involved in composing for a laptop orchestra, and pedagogical concerns, are currently in press. PLOrk was first presented academically at the 2006 International Computer Music Conference in New Orleans. The guest director of the PLOrk for 2007 was R. Luke DuBois. The group is currently directed by composer and instrument designer Jeff Snyder, who is the Director of Electronic Music at Princeton.
Since the beginning, PLOrk has made extensive use of ChucK, a new music programming language created by Ge Wang and Perry Cook which allows the performers to develop new code both in preparation and in performance, and which serves as a primary teaching tool.
A number of composers from Princeton and elsewhere have been developing pieces for PLOrk that address the unconventional composition of the group. PLOrk works closely with these composers on their pieces with the aim of developing them further and further exploring a new branch of computer music and new media musical composition and performance.
Technology
Originally, there were 15 PLOrk stations. Each station consists of a laptop with audio software; a rack containing an 8-channel audio amplifier, a power conditioner, and other electronic components; and a custom-made 6-channel hemispherical speaker. In April 2008, PLOrk began using a new hemispherical unit that combined the functionality of the old rack and speakers into one more portable device. The laptops are Apple 12" power books, or more recently, 14" Macbooks. HCI devices include keyboard controllers, TriggerFinger interfaces, graphics tablets, Nintendo Wii remotes, and infrared, light, pressure, and tilt sensors. Additional gear included floor pillows, laptop lapdesk, and gear for transportation.
The PLOrk ensemble uses a variety of commercial and open-source software. Two audio programming languages, ChucK and Max/MSP are primarily used for pedagogy and performance.
BSBLOrk
The Brasília Laptop Orchestra (abbreviated to BSBLOrk) is an ensemble of laptop performers based at Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil. It was founded by Eufrasio Prates and Eduardo Kolody in 2012, in collaboration with Conrado Silva. It has done many different and multidisciplinary performances and collaborations with dance and video artists.
The Brasília Laptop Orchestra is a group of 5-15 persons and uses the idea of “Orchestra” as a model, with the laptop as main instrument. The members of this ensemble act as performers, researchers, composers. It uses a variety of commercial and open-source software, including HITS, developed by Eufrasio Prates. Its main audio programming language is Max/MSP, but the musicians often use other software and even common instruments in some compositions. BSBLOrks's performances focus on an improvisatory aesthetic, based on the belief that contemporary music should be unpredictable, non-linear and interactive.
It uses hemispherical speakers commissioned by its founders, similar to those used by PLOrk.
History
BSBLOrk's first performance (August 2012) occurred during one of the city's "Tubo de Ensaios" ("test-tube") experimental performance festivals, and was also the last live performance of Conrado Silva.
BSBLOrk has recently celebrated its 10th year by releasing an album and making a series of online performances.
Throughout the years, BSBLOrk has adopted a critical approach on social and political issues, using samples of political speeches as source.
Notable performances
BSBLOrk has played in Juca Ferreira nomination, in 2014.
BSBLOrk played at NMF2020, Network Music Festival
See also
Computer music
Electronic music
The Hub (band)
Laptronica
Laptop battle
References
Bibliography
Tsabary Eldad and Woollard Jamie. “Whatever Works”: an Action-Centered Approach to Creation and Mediation in Designing Laptop Orchestra Performances, Gli spazi della musica 3, 2 (2014): 54-70, accessed Jan. 12, 2014 http://www.ojs.unito.it/index.php/spazidellamusica/article/view/818
External links
BiLE homepage
BSBLOrk
CLOrk homepage
CMLO homepage
HELO homepage
MiLO homepage
OLO homepage
PLOrk homepage
ChucK and Max/MSP
Debut Concert sounds and images
SLOrk homepage
Experimental musical instruments
Music education
Orchestras
Orchestra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptop%20orchestra |
The following is a list of Filipino (Pinoy) superheroes, who have either appeared in Filipino comic books (komiks), television shows (fantaserye), or movies.
A
A-Gel from Batang X
Abdullah from "Kuwtmak"
Adarna from Sandugo
Afnan from "Kuwtmak"
Aguiluz from Mulawin
Agimat from Agimat, Ang Anting-anting ni Lolo and Si Agimat at si Enteng Kabisote and Si Agimat, si Enteg Kabisote at si Ako
Alakdan from Bayan Knights
Alamid from Sandugo
Alamid from the 1998 movie Alamid: Ang Alamat
Alena from Encantadia and Etheria
Alexandra Trese from Trese by Budjette Tan (writer) and Kajo Baldisimo (artist)
Almiro, Prince from The Last Prince
Alvera, Diwani from Enchanted Garden
Alwina from Mulawin
Alyas Aswang
Alyas Hunyango
Alyas Robin Hood
Alyssa from "Kuwtmak"
Aman Sinaya of the Diwatas (Philippine goddess of the sea; Marvel Comics' Thor & Hercules: Encyclopædia Mythologica)
Amanikable, god of sea and hunt in Philippine mythology (Aquaman)
Amazing Jay
Amaya from Atlantika
Amazing Ving
Amazona, ally of Batang Z
Amihan of the Diwatas (Philippine god of wind; Marvel Comics' Thor & Hercules: Encyclopædia Mythologica)
Amihan from Encantadia and Etheria
Amulette from Flashpoint
Angel from Biotrog
Angel Ace
Angstrom from Flashpoint
Anino from Sandugo
Anitun from Triumph Division and the Diwatas (Philippine goddess of wind, lightning, and rain; Marvel Comics' Thor & Hercules: Encyclopædia Mythologica)
Anti-Bobo Man
Apache
Apo Laki of the Diwatas (Philippine god of day and war; Marvel Comics' Thor & Hercules: Encyclopædia Mythologica)
Arya
Aster
Aquano from Atlantika
Aquil from Encantadia
Astig from Batch 72
Ato
Atom Man
Atong son of Ato
Ava Abanico from Super Inggo
Amy from Zaido
Andre Lupin
Asero (Grecko Abesamis) from Codename: Asero
Asero a.k.a. Hector Zuniga
Aya / Diwani Olivia from Enchanted Garden
B
Babaeng Isputnik
Babaing Kidlat
Mr. Badassman
Bagwis
Bagwis from Bayan Knights
Bakal Boy
Balzaur
Batang X
Batang Z
Batch 72
Bathala of the Diwatas (Philippine god of the sky; Marvel Comics' Thor & Hercules: Encyclopædia Mythologica)
Bato from Bayan Knights and Sandugo
Bayan Knights
Berdugo
Bernardo Karpio from Sandugo
Bianong Bulag
Billy The Dragon
Binibining Tsuper-man
BioKid (comic)
BioKids (movie)
Biotrog
Blade
Blue Turbo Max
Boga
Bolt
Bokutox / Bok
Botak
Booster B from Bayan Knights
Boy Bawang
Boy Ipis from Bayan Knights
Boy Pinoy
Bronco
Brown-out from Batch 72
Bughaw (Tabak ni Bulalakaw)
Buhawi Jack
Bulalakaw
C
Calyptus (engkanto) from Panday
Camia – leader of the vukad (group of female warriors) from Panday
Captain Barangay Captain
Captain Barbell by Mars Ravelo
Captain Juliet Chavez from Flashpoint
Captain Flamingo
Captain Karate
Captain Philippines
Captain Suicide
Carlo from Fly Me to the Moon movie
Cassandra (Warrior Angel)
Cassandra from RPG Metanoia
Codename: Bathala from Bayan Knights
Captain Steel (Earth-2) (Hank Heywood Jr.) from DC Comics
Computer Man
Cardo Dalisay from Ang Probinsyano
Carmela from Zaido
Chan Lee
Charlie from Panday Kids
Claw
Combatron from Pilipino FUNNY Komiks is a space warrior and protector of Earth.
Crisval Sarmiento from Resiklo
Cruzado
Combat
Control from Batang X
Copycat
Cuatro y medya
Cyfer from Kalayaan
D
Dahlia from Panday
Dalmatio Armas from Carlo Caparas Newspaper Serial
Danaya from Encantadia and Etheria
Darna by Mars Ravelo
Darna Kuno
Dark Knight
Darmo Adarna
Datu, leader of Pintados
Datu Pag-Asa from Sandugo
Deathstorm
Dennis from My Super D
Davanta from Bayan Knights
Dinky and the Wonder Dragon
Diwata from Pintados
Diwata from Sandugo
Doc Kuwago from Batang X
Dodong a.k.a. Super D from My Super D
Don El Oro
Dragonna by Mars Ravelo
Dwarfina
Dyesebel by Mars Ravelo
Dyosa
E
El Indio
Elias Paniki by Carlo J. Caparas
Elektro from Puwersa ng Kalikasan
Enteng-Anting
Enteng Kabisote from Okay Ka, Fairy Ko! and Enteng Kabisote movies
Exodus, a mercenary from Exodus: Tales from the Enchanted Kingdom
Extranghero
Eman from "Kuwtmak"
F
Fantasia from Krystala
Fantastic Man
Fantastica (old Filipino movie heroine)
Fantastikids
Fighter One from Triumph Division
Filipino Heroes League
Flash Bomba by Mars Ravelo
Flashlight
Flashpoint
Flavio, the original Panday
Flavio, descendant and namesake of the original Flavio
G
G:Boy from Batang X
Gabriel Black from Bayan Knights
Gabriel Labrador from Agimat ng Agila
Gabriella from Flashpoint
Gagamba
Gagambino (or Bino)
Gagamboy
Galema, anak ni Zuma
Gandarra from Gandarrapiddo: The Revenger Squad
Gante from Bayan Knights
General Star
Grail (WildStorm) of Wetworks. Symbiote and "chi" energy / EM control.
Great Mongoose from Triumph Division
Guiller, replaced the original Panday in Hiwaga ng Panday
Gwapoman from Bayan Knights
H
Hadji from Panday Kids
Hagibis – similar to Tarzan. Created by Francisco V. Coching and one of the first Filipino superheroes
Haribon
Hammerman from Victor Magtanggol
Handog from Bayan Knights
Hee-Man
Hiro
Hugo
Hunyago, protagonist of a 1992 Filipino film
Hamza from "Kuwtmak"
I
Ida from Bayan Knights
IncrediBelle
Invisiboy (Filipino Heroes League)
Ipo-ipo – presumably the first costumed superhero in the Philippines created by Lib Abrena, graphics by Os del Rosario.
Ispikikay
J
Japanese Bat
Jasmina, Reyna from Enchanted Garden
Jessa (of Blusang Itim) from Super Inggo
Joaquin Bordado
Jolas Zuares
Juan dela Cruz from the television series of the same name.
Juan Tanga
Julio Valiente
Junior from Bayan Knights
Juro from Ang Panday (2016 TV series) Flavio's descendant from the modern time, and the third to take up the mantle of Panday
Jawhaina from "Kuwtmak"
K
Kabalyero from Bayan Knights
Kabayo Kids
Kadasig from Bayan Knights
Kadi from Batch 72
Kahddim
Kahimu from Panday
Kalasag from Bayan Knights
Kalayaan from GMP Comics
Kamandag by Carlo J. Caparas
Kamagong
Kamagong from Enchanted Garden
Kampeon (Jimmy Rey, appeared in Kidlat Super Heroes Komiks)
Kampeon (Super Adventure Komix)
Kampyon
Kapitan Aksiyon
Kapitan Awesome
Kapitan Bandila from Bayan Knights
Kaptain Barbell
Kapitan Boom
Kapitan Kidlat
Kapitan Kidlat (Leonardo Abutin's character)
Kapitan Inggo
Kapitan Pagong
Kapitan Sino
Karatecha
Kaupay from Panday
Kawal from Bayan Knights
KidLat from Batang X
Kidlat from TV5's Kidlat 2013 TV series.
Kidlat (Obet Santos) from Kung Tawagin Siya'y Kidlat
Kidlat from Pintados
Kidlat Kid (Filipino Heroes League)
Kick Fighters
Kickero
Kilabot from Bayan Knights
Kisig Pinoy
K'Mao from RPG Metanoia
Knight Hawk (Bolt Gadin)
Knighthawk
Kumander Bawang
Kupcake from Batch 72
Kuryente Kid
Krystala
Kulafu by Francisco Reyes and Pedrito Reyes, presumably the first Filipino superhero
Kulog from Kung Tawagin Siya'y Kidlat
Kung Fu Chinito
Kung Fu Kids
L
Lady Mantisa, aka Lucy, from Gagambino
Lady Untouchable (old Filipino movie heroine)
Lagim
Lam-Ang from Sandugo
Lapu-Lapu
Laser Man by D.G. Salonga (writer) and Abel Laxamana (artist)
Lastikman by Mars Ravelo
LastikDog
Lawin from Ang Alamat ng Lawin
Leah or Super Bee from Gagambino
Leather from Bayan Knights
Leon Artemis from Bayan Knights
Leon Guerrero
Liberty Girl from Bayan Knights
Lieutenant J
Lilit Bulilit (Funny Komiks 1984)
Lira, daughter of Amihan and Ybarro from Encantadia
Lito from Bayan Knights
Lualhati from Krystala
Lucia from Dyesebel
Luna from Darna
Luzviminda from Bayan Knights
Lyn Tek from Bayan Knights
M
Machete
Magnum from Bayan Knights
Mananabas from Bayan Knights
Mang Kepweng (Comics)
Manila Man from Bayan Knights
Marella (Earth-2) from DC Comics
Maria Constantino (Filipino Heroes League)
Maskarado from Bayan Knights
Maso from Bayan Knights
Master Cleu from Encantadia
Matanglawin from Bayan Knights
Merza, lady mercenary from Ninja Komiks by Bobby V. Villagracia and Boy Baarde
Midknight
Mine-a (the Ynang Reyna), mother of the four Sang'gres from Encantadia and Etheria
Miguel (Ang Panday 2016 TV Series) Flavio's descendant. The second to take up the mantle of Panday
Miguel, the protagonist from Sugo
Mokong from Krystala
Molave from Enchanted Garden
Mr. Atlas
Mysterio from Krystala
Mira, daughter of Pirena from Encantadia
Marina
Mayari of the Diwatas (Philippine goddess of the moon and night; Marvel Comics' Thor & Hercules: Encyclopædia Mythologica)
Mayumi from Pintados
Mighty M from Krystala
Mighty Mother from Triumph Division
Mighty Ken from Super Inggo
Mighty T
Mithi from Bayan Knights
Mr. Pol (Leopoldo Guerrero) from Tatak ng Katarungan
Morion from Bayan Knights
Majeed from "Kuwtmak"
N
Narra from Sandugo and Bayan Knights
Nieves, an engkanto slayer from Shake, Rattle & Roll X
Niño from Bayan Knights
Ngid also Darno in other Darna reincarnation (Super Action Vol. 2 #12 1999)
Niño Valiente
Noah from Bayan Knights
O
Olen
Onslaught from Flashpoint
Oro from Flashpoint
Osyana
Overdrive from Bayan Knights
P
P.I. Joey
Pag-Asa from Bayan Knights
Palos by Nestor Redondo and Virgilio Redondo
Pasa Hero
Pastor Banal from Bayan Knights
Patintina from Laban ng Lahi
Payaso from Flashpoint
Pammy from Batch 72
Panday Kids
Pandoy, the Panday's apprentice
Pao from Ang Agimat: Anting Anting ni Lolo
Passion from Flashpoint
Pedro Penduko by Francisco V. Coching
Pepeng Agimat
Perseus the Starlord
Petrang Kabayo
Phantom Cat from Bayan Knights
Phantom Lady
Pinoy Rangers (Batang X Komiks 1995)
Pintados
Pintura from Bayan Knights and Pintura: Panimulang Yugto
Pirena from Encantadia and Etheria
Promiteyo
Pusang Itim
Puwersa ng Kalikasan
Q
Quassia, Diwani from Enchanted Garden
Quattro from Bayan Knights
R
Raja Team One from Bathala
Randie from Batch 72
Rapiddo from Gandarrapiddo: The Revenger Squad
Raquim from Encantadia and Etheria, is a prince of Sapiro and the father of Amihan.
Red Feather from Triumph Division
Red Ninja from Kick Fighter
Reserve Agent King Agila a.k.a. Agent X44 from Agent X44
Rocco, ang batang bato
Royal Blue
Rubberman
Ryan from "Kuwtmak"
Rayan from "Kuwtmak"
S
Sabina from Majika
Salakay of Bayan Knights
Sandata from Sandugo
Sandugo, a superhero team
Santelma from Bayan Knights
Sarhento Sagrado of Bayan Knights
Scorpio from Sapot ni Gagamba - Kasama si Scorpio
Sentensyador
Servant from Bayan Knights
She-Man
Sidapa from Sandugo
Silaw from Bayan Knights
Sinag from Bayan Knights
Siopawman by Larry Alcala, may be the first, albeit fumbling, Pinoy komiks superhero
Sipatos from Laban ng Lahi
Slick (Filipino Heroes League)
Snake Force (Cobra, Python, Rattlesnake and Dahong Palay)
St. George from Triumph Division
Starfighters
Starra
Sumpak from RPG Metanoia
Super-B (Bilma)
Super Bing
Super Delta from My Super D
Super Idol
Super Inday
Super Inggo
Super Islaw
Super Gee
Super Kikay (a.k.a. Super K)
Super Lolo
Super Ma'am
Super Noypi
Super Ranger Kids (1997 Film)
Super Talipa, character of a Santo Tomas, Batangas Cable Show
Super Twins
Super Wan*Tu*Tri
Super Vhing
Supercat
Superdog
Supergirl
Superkat
Supremo from Sandugo
Sarah from "Kuwtmak"
T
Tala of the Diwatas (Philippine goddess of the stars; Marvel Comics' Thor & Hercules: Encyclopædia Mythologica)
Talahib, a Kulafu-like character by Francisco Reyes
Talim from Bayan Knights
Tara Tarantula: The Spider Lady
Tatto from Pintados
Taurus
Tayho, a tikbalang and earth elemental/engkanto from Exodus: Tales from the Enchanted Kingdom
Teg from Super Inggo
The Evil Buster
The Maker (Filipino Heroes League)
Three-Na (3-Na) from Batang X
Tinay Pinay
Tiny Tony by Mars Ravelo
Tinyente Tagalog
Tiagong Akyat
Tobor
Tol from Batch 72
Tonyong Bayawak
Totoy Bato
Tough Hero a.k.a. Brix
Transformer Man
Triumph Division from Marvel Comics by Matt Fraction and Salvador Larroca
Tsuperhero (Noynoy), a jeepney driver and berserker in GMA Network's Tsuperhero
Tsuperman
Turbo Girl
U
Urban Rangers – framed cops turned vigilante superheroes with advance equipment
Unstoppable from Bayan Knights
V
Valeriana, Diwani (Good Valeriana) from Enchanted Garden
Varga by Mars Ravelo
Volta (see also Volta (TV series))
W
Wang from Batch 72
Wapakman
Wave (Pearl Pangan) from Marvel Comics' The New Agents of Atlas by Greg Pak (writer) and Leinil Francis Yu (artist)
Widad the Loving (Hope Mendoza) of the 99
Wishing Man from Triumph Division
Wonder Dabiana
Wonder Vi
X
X-Gen (Dr. Javier, Cyclon, Steel, Alamid, Raja, Psi-Lock, Hamok, Seraph)
X-Man
Y
Ybarro/Ybrahim from Encantadia and Etheria is the king of Sapiro and heir to the Kalasag.
Yasmin from "Kuwtmak"
Yousra from "Kuwtmak"
Z
Zsazsa Zaturnnah
Zaido: the Space Sherriffs from Metal Hero Series
Zaido Blue
Zaido Green
Zaido Red
Zaido Kids
Zarda (old TV series heroine)
Zero from RPG Metanoia
Zheamay from Bayan Knights
Zigomar
Zoids
Zuma, while he is the antagonist in earlier comic book, he is the protagonist in the later serial
See also
Philippine comics
List of Filipino komik artists
List of Filipino comics creators
List of Filipino komiks
References
External links
"Philippine Comics" The most comprehensive library of Filipino comics on the internet.
Pinoy Superheroes Universe "An online compendium of Filipino comic book heroes from the 80'S, 90'S and beyond."
International Catalogue of Superheroes
Filipino
Filipino | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Filipino%20superheroes |
BibleGateway is a Christian website designed to allow easy reading, listening, studying, searching, and sharing of the Bible in many different versions and translations, including English, French, Spanish, and other languages. Its mission statement is "To honor Christ by equipping people to read and understand the Bible, wherever they are". The website is free to use, but also offers Bible Gateway Plus, a membership program with enhanced services. It is currently owned by Zondervan.
Bible Gateway's engagement features include the ability to display a single Bible verse in many English Bible translations, the ability to display and compare up to five Bible translations side by side at once; its daily Blog; more than 60 email devotions, Bible reading plans, and verses-of-the-day; an award-winning free mobile app; audio Bibles; video interviews; Bible reference books; shareable widgets; advanced search tools; Bible Gateway Blogger Grid; a retail store; and the Bible Gateway Deals discount program. Bible Gateway's online bookstore offers more than 500,000 Christian resources. It is an affiliate of Christianbook.com.
History
Founded by Nick Hengeveld in 1993 at Calvin College, Grand Rapids, Michigan, Bible Gateway was initially planned as a static HTML presentation of the Bible. In 1995, the site moved to the new Gospel Communications Network (a part of Gospel Communications International). The Bible Gateway website was originally written as a CGI script in Perl. Later versions were written in C++, PHP and Ruby.
Bible Gateway gradually expanded its database by acquiring the rights to more English and foreign language translations, including translations published by International Bible Society, The Lockman Foundation and Wycliffe Global Alliance.
In late 2008, Zondervan (the Evangelical Christian publisher of the NIV and TNIV Bible and a wholly owned subsidiary of HarperCollins) acquired Bible Gateway from Gospel Communications. The sale of the site came after two years of continued financial difficulties on the part of the donation-driven GospelCom ministry.
In June 2009, Joseph Park was hired as president of BibleGateway.com. Park was co-founder and former CEO of Kozmo.com, which was the subject of the documentary film e-Dreams. He was also co-founder and former CEO of Askville, which was owned by Amazon and closed in 2013.
In May 2010, Rachel Barach replaced Park (who became Senior Vice President of Consumer Products at parent company HarperCollins Digital, Consumer) as General Manager of Bible Gateway.
, Bible Gateway hosts 232 versions of the Bible, in 74 different languages. Its Alexa ranking is #744.
References
Android (operating system) software
BlackBerry software
Christian websites
Electronic Bibles
Internet properties established in 2008
IOS software
Online Scripture Search Engine
Universal Windows Platform apps
Bible versions and translations
Internet properties established in 1993 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibleGateway |
Louis William Merloni (born April 6, 1971), nicknamed "Sweet Lou", is an American radio personality and a former Major League Baseball player. Merloni played for his hometown Boston Red Sox from – and again for part of 2003. He also played for the San Diego Padres, Cleveland Indians, and Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim.
Amateur career
A native of Framingham, Massachusetts, Merloni graduated from Providence College in 1993 and still holds several single-season and career records for the now-defunct Friars baseball team. In 1991, Merloni played collegiate summer baseball for the Bourne Braves of the Cape Cod Baseball League (CCBL), and returned to the league in 1992 to play with the Cotuit Kettleers. He was inducted into the CCBL Hall of Fame in 2010.
Professional career
Merloni hit a home run in his first major-league at bat in Fenway Park, a 3-run home run off of José Rosado on May 15, 1998. While with Boston, his frequent reassignments between the Red Sox and their Triple-A affiliate Pawtucket Red Sox caused local sportswriters to coin the term "Merloni Shuttle" to refer to Boston's transfer of players between the clubs. Merloni became popular with Boston fans for his local roots and reliable pinch hitting. Merloni hit .294 for his career as a pinch hitter.
After beginning the season in Triple-A, Merloni was called up to the Cleveland Indians on May 17, 2006.
Merloni signed a contract with the Oakland Athletics for the season. He played the season for the A's Triple-A affiliate, the Sacramento River Cats. Merloni was chosen as the Most Valuable Player in the 2007 Bricktown Showdown, leading the River Cats over the Richmond Braves by a final score of 7–1. He was also voted Best Defensive Player and Best Teammate for the 2007 season. Merloni contributed a home run and 4 RBI in the game. Before the game, Merloni was chosen as the River Cats' team captain.
Radio career
Beginning in March 2008, Merloni began appearing on WEEI-AM's Big Show as a co-host. On May 27, 2008, Merloni joined the New England Sports Network (NESN) as a commentator on the Red Sox pre-game and post-game shows. After the 2008 season, Merloni decided not to remain with NESN. Merloni was hired by Comcast SportsNet New England during the 2009 season as an analyst and reporter.
On February 28, 2011, Merloni started co-hosting WEEI's Mut and Merloni show with Mike Mutnansky. On May 27, 2014, Merloni, Tim Benz, and Christian Fauria began the Midday's with MFB show. Fauria previously played for the New England Patriots as a tight end. Benz, a former beat reporter for the Pittsburgh Steelers and radio show host in Pittsburgh, joined the show after Mutnansky was forced out due to poor ratings.
In 2013, Merloni began serving as a part-time color analyst on Red Sox radio, teaming with play-by-play announcers Joe Castiglione and Dave O'Brien for select games. In October that year, he joined Castiglione and O'Brien for WEEI's broadcasts of the ALCS and World Series.
In September 2015, Glenn Ordway joined Merloni and Fauria at WEEI for the station's mid-day program; the show moved to the afternoon drive time in July 2018. After Ordway retired in August 2021, the show was hosted by Merloni and Fauria; they were joined by Meghan Ottolini in May 2022, making the show Merloni, Fauria, and Mego. In December 2022, it was announced that Merloni would leave the show at the end of year.
Steroid education controversy
During an appearance May 9, 2009, on WEEI's The Baseball Show, Merloni claimed that the Red Sox organization had a doctor brief the players during spring training on how to correctly use steroids. Merloni claims the session did not encourage players to use steroids, but rather informed players that there were right and wrong ways to use them. Merloni stated "It was like teaching your teenage daughter about sex education. The organization acknowledged that there were likely players using steroids and basically 'if you're gonna use them, this is how you use them so you don't abuse them'". Merloni could not remember the name of the doctor nor the year in which the briefing took place.
Merloni's claim was quickly refuted by former Red Sox General Manager Dan Duquette who stated "It's ridiculous. It's totally unfounded. ... If there was such a doctor, he wasn't in the employ of the Red Sox. We brought in doctors to educate the players on the major league drug policy at the time, at the recommendation of Major League Baseball".
Former Red Sox player Troy O'Leary was interviewed and stated he didn't remember the incident. "I remember the normal union meetings in spring training where they'd talk about drugs and steroids, and I remember doctors talking negatively about them, but I don't remember ever hearing anything like, 'OK, this is the right way to do steroids.' If that happened, I missed that one."
Merloni's account was confirmed with former major league pitcher John Rocker who previously stated that a doctor hired by the Major League Baseball Players Association told Alex Rodriguez, Iván Rodríguez, Rafael Palmeiro and him how to use steroids after a spring training lecture in .
On May 16, 2009, ESPN baseball analyst Peter Gammons claimed that an unnamed major league player corroborated Merloni's claim. The player, who also could not remember the doctor's name, placed the briefing as occurring during spring training . The player is quoted as having said: "I'm not sure of the name of the doctor; he was someone outside the Boston organization. In no way did I think Boston was trying to push steroids; I think they just wanted to educate us on the subject. But you could tell by the faces on the training staff that they didn't think the doctor would say the things he did".
Personal life
In the offseasons of 1996 and 1997, Merloni served as a substitute gym teacher at Framingham High School.
References
External links
1971 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Japan
American sports radio personalities
Arizona League Angels players
Boston Red Sox announcers
Boston Red Sox players
Bourne Braves players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Cleveland Indians players
Cotuit Kettleers players
Framingham High School alumni
Gulf Coast Red Sox players
Lake Elsinore Storm players
Los Angeles Angels players
Mahoning Valley Scrappers players
Major League Baseball broadcasters
Major League Baseball infielders
Major League Baseball replacement players
Nippon Professional Baseball infielders
Pawtucket Red Sox players
Providence Friars baseball players
Salt Lake Stingers players
Sacramento River Cats players
San Diego Padres players
Sarasota Red Sox players
Sportspeople from Framingham, Massachusetts
Baseball players from Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Trenton Thunder players
Yokohama BayStars players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou%20Merloni |
In the War of the Sixth Coalition, the Battle of the Mincio River was fought on 8 February 1814 and resulted in an inconclusive engagement between the French under Eugène de Beauharnais and the Austrians under Field Marshal Heinrich von Bellegarde. Fought on the same ground as Napoleon's victory at the Battle of Borghetto in 1796, the battle was not as decisive as Eugène hoped, and in the end it had little significant impact upon the war, whose outcome was to be decided in France rather than Italy.
Strategic background
Following Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Leipzig in 1813, French armies retreated westwards in a bid to save the Empire from the main Allied thrust. However, the 1814 campaign involved other theaters besides France, and one of these being Northern Italy, which the Austrians were making another attempt to recover. Murat, the King of Naples, had defected to the Allied side and was threatening the main French army under Napoleon's stepson, Eugène. An Austrian army commanded by Bellegarde advanced from the east and convinced Eugène that a battle was needed to eliminate one opponent before he could deal with the other. Since the Austrians were the more immediate threat, Eugène decided to make a stand on the Mincio river.
Prelude
The battlefield was highly awkward for the armies involved; roughly 70,000 men would be fighting on a north-south axis of 20 miles that stretched from Lake Garda all the way down to the fortress of Mantua. The low force-to-space ratio meant that it would take time for each commander to understand the developing situation and would hamper effective responses. The Mincio river that interposed itself between Lake Garda and Mantua was dotted with villages and bridges that would become major focus points as the battle progressed.
Eugène had an army of 41,000, but detached 7,000 troops to guard his southern flank on the Po River, leaving 34,000 for the upcoming battle. His army consisted of the Italian Royal Guards, a cavalry division, and two pseudo-corps (not at full strength) under generals Paul Grenier and Jean-Antoine Verdier. The former's troops were positioned around Mantua while those of the latter defended the fortress of Peschiera at the northern edge of the battlefield. Eugène's plan called for a double envelopment that would eventually unite Grenier's and Verdier's forces and allow them to drive the Austrians from the field. It was a good plan on paper, but double envelopment, especially on this scale, usually works with heavy numerical superiority or tactical mobility, neither of which the French had.
Bellegarde's force was numerically equivalent to Eugène's, meaning rapid manoeuvring would be key if there was to be hope of success. His 35,000 soldiers were deployed in a manner that allowed for the observance of the French-controlled Peschiera and Mantua while still having enough troops to conduct an attack through Eugène's sadly depleted center around the village of Borghetto; a brigade under General Franz von Vlasits guarded against Peschiera, a division under General Anton Mayer von Heldenfeld watched Mantua, and three divisions under generals Paul von Radivojevich, Franz von Pflacher, and August von Vecsey were supposed to be the main thrust through Borghetto and Pozzolo. Bellegarde initially assumed the French would be retreating, but when Austrian patrols spotted a strong 'rearguard' presence across the Mincio, he decided not to commit as many troops as originally planned and ordered the reserve division under General Franz von Merville to remain on the east bank at Pozzolo, a decision which probably saved his army from disaster.
Unknown to either side were each other's intentions, which would become all too clear once the battle commenced. Bellegarde expected Eugène to retreat while Eugène expected Bellegarde not to attack. So when the battle did start, Bellegarde discovering that his southern flank was collapsing and Eugène noticing his weakened center had disintegrated, both sides were stunned.
Battle
Without any conflict, two brigades of Radivojevich's division began to arrive at Borghetto at 8 am on 8 February. The French had abandoned their outposts in the center overnight and this further convinced the Austrians that their enemy was in fact retreating. The Austrians pushed northwest and encountered several French detachments at the village of Olfino, about two miles from Borghetto. When General Verdier went to Olfino to personally assess the situation, he realized he'd been cut off from the main French army in the south and cancelled his offensive. Verdier recalled the Italian division under General Giuseppe Palombini to Peschiera and ordered General Philibert Fressinet's division to face south and guard against possible Austrian drives from Borghetto.
In the meantime, more and more Austrian troops poured into the west bank of the river. The final brigade of Radivojevich, three squadrons of uhlans, and two brigades of Pflacher's division crossed the Mincio between 9 and 10 am. The Austrian reserve division under General Merville arrived at Pozzolo and halted to await further instructions. But while the situation for the French appeared bleak in the center, their southern offensive proved far more successful. There were about 20,000 men being used for this double-pronged attack and there would be two main assaulting points: the fortress of Mantua, from which Grenier would begin, and the village of Goito, a bit further upstream from Mantua and where Eugène was commanding. The vanguard of Eugène's assault was led by General Bonnemains, who controlled the 31st Chasseurs à Cheval, two light infantry battalions, and four guns. General Mayer's outposts were easily overrun, over 500 became prisoners, and Grenier and Eugène finally linked up at the village of Roverbella. In danger of being outflanked, General Mayer retreated three-and-a-half mile north-eastwards to the village of Mozzecane. The French kept pursuing to the north and thought they would meet the main Austrian force around Villafranca, only to be bitterly disappointed. Around 10 am, Eugène heard gunfire on the western bank of the river and was astonished to see much of the Austrian army at a place where he completely did not expect them.
At this point in the battle, the position of the two armies looked rather odd, since many of the troops on both sides occupied the riverbanks where their opponent had begun the fight. Eugène now made the critical and correct decision to keep pressing the attack and hope that his onrushing columns would scare the main Austrian army across the Mincio once more. He detached the Italian Royal Guard back to Goito in order to secure the bridge, reinforced his eastern flank against Mayer, and, with 13,000 men and 30 guns, advanced north to the village of Valeggio, hoping to cut his enemy's line of retreat. Bellegarde's earlier decision to leave his reserve now paid dividends; Merville's dragoons routed General Perreymond's 1st Hussars and captured the brigade's six guns, only to be counter-attacked, driven back, and see the French reclaim five of those guns. Merville had deployed his men into three lines around Pozzolo: the first two were composed of 2,000 elite grenadiers under General Josef von Stutterheim and the third by the dragoons brigade. They awaited an attack by Eugène, who recalled the Royal Guard from Goito to bolster the two infantry divisions under generals François Jean Baptiste Quesnel and Marie François Rouyer. Eugène finally began a combined arms attack and only heroic resistance by Stutterheim's masses, who lost over 700 men, prevented a breakthrough. Realizing the danger of being outflanked, Merville fell back a mile north of Pozzolo. Eugène's men attacked Merville's division in its new position, but at this time sufficient reinforcements from Bellegarde permitted Merville to stem the French tide and ground the battle to a virtual halt. Renewed French drives took them to the hamlet of Foroni, but nightfall prevented the capture of the crucial Borghetto bridge. Meanwhile, Verdier's men to the north had been barely hanging on, but once the sounds of Eugène's guns were manifest, they became emboldened and managed to defeat the Austrian charges.
Bellegarde presumed Eugène would continue his attack in the morning, so he ordered a retreat across the river. But, once again, Bellegarde misjudged, since Eugène wanted to establish contact with his northern wing and quickly pulled his forces back to where they'd come from: Goito and Mantua.
Aftermath
Eugène claimed a victory when writing to his wife after the battle, but in reality it had been a sloppy and inconclusive affair. Casualties were not particularly heavy, 3,500 for the French and 4,000 for the Austrians. Nevertheless, Eugène once again proved that he was a determined and competent commander, and he would do so many more times throughout this campaign; he kept fighting all the way until Napoleon's abdication in April.
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
Battles of the War of the Sixth Coalition
Battles of the Napoleonic Wars
Battles involving Austria
Battles involving France
Conflicts in 1814
February 1814 events
1814 in the Austrian Empire
1814 in Italy
Battles in Lombardy
Battles in Veneto
Battles involving the Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)
Austrian Empire–France relations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20the%20Mincio%20River%20%281814%29 |
Qomsheh or Qumisheh or Qowmsheh () may refer to various places in Iran:
Komeshcheh, city in Isfahan Province
Shahreza, city in Isfahan Province
Qomsheh Tappeh, Kermanshah Province
Qomsheh-ye Baba Karam Khan, Kermanshah Province
Qomsheh-ye Lor Zanganeh, Kermanshah Province
Qomsheh-ye Seyyed Amin, Kermanshah Province
Qomsheh-ye Seyyed Qasem, Kermanshah Province
Qomsheh-ye Seyyed Yaqub, Kermanshah Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qomsheh |
Haywood Franklin Jeffires (pronounced "Jeffries"; born December 12, 1964) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for 10 seasons. He was selected by the Houston Oilers in the first round (20th overall) of the 1987 NFL Draft out of North Carolina State.
He spent his first nine seasons (1987–1995) in the NFL with the Oilers where he was selected to three consecutive Pro Bowls from 1991 to 1993. In 1991, he led the league in receptions and was a First-team All-Pro. He then spent the 1996 season with the New Orleans Saints.
Biography
Jeffires was born in Greensboro, North Carolina and attended high school at Walter Hines Page High School and college at North Carolina State University. From 1983 to 1986, he registered 111 receptions for 1,733 yards and 14 touchdowns at NC State. In the 1987 NFL Draft, Jeffires was the first selection for the Houston Oilers and the 20th pick overall.
Jeffires played wide receiver for the Oilers between 1987 and 1996. He played most of his career with the Oilers during the "Run & Shoot" era with Warren Moon. The Run & Shoot also incorporated teammates Ernest Givins, Drew Hill, Webster Slaughter, and Curtis Duncan. A 3-time Pro Bowl selection from 1991 to 1993, Jeffires led the AFC in receptions in 1991 with 100.
, Jeffires is coaching the Bay Area Gamblers, a semipro football team in Pearland, Texas. Though his last name is spelled Jeffires, it is pronounced Jeffries, a fact that commentators often noted during broadcasts of games in which Jeffires was playing. 1991 Nintendo Entertainment System console game, Tecmo Super Bowl, incorrectly listed Jeffires' name as "Jeffries".
Jeffires currently resides in suburban Houston with his wife, Robin, and their two children, Andrea and Haywood III. Jeffires remains beloved and active in the Houston community, devoting countless hours assisting special needs children, and is frequently tapped for personal appearances and interviews.
References
1964 births
Living people
American football wide receivers
Houston Oilers players
NC State Wolfpack football players
New Orleans Saints players
American Conference Pro Bowl players
Players of American football from Greensboro, North Carolina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haywood%20Jeffires |
Star Spangled Ice Cream was an American ice cream company. They marketed their ice cream as a politically conservative alternative to Ben & Jerry's which the founders felt to be too liberal. Similarly to Ben & Jerry's, the names of the ice cream were puns, usually plays on conservative phrases and ideas, such as "Smaller Governmint", "I Hate the French Vanilla," "Navy Battle Chip," "Bill Clinton Im-peach" and "Choc & Awe". The company donated 10% of its profits to organizations that it felt supported the United States Armed Forces.
Reception
The Star Spangled Ice Cream company received both criticism and praise through email, both of which were posted on their now-defunct website. Ted Nugent had said that he was a fan of the "Gun Nut" flavor.
See also
Freedom fries
Minuteman Salsa
References
External links
Company homepage
List of flavors as of October 2007
Discontinued products
Iraq War | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%20Spangled%20Ice%20Cream |
Schetky Northwest Sales, Inc. is a company that sells both commercial and school buses and is located in Portland, Oregon.
The Schetky family first became involved with transportation in 1931 when Jack Schetky assembled what was rumored to be the first School Bus assembled west of the Mississippi River. In 1942, Jack Schetky and a business partner formed Roots & Schetky. One of their first jobs was the assembly of 65 buses with trailers to transport shipyard workers during World War II. In 1945, Jack helped write the official School Bus Codes in the state of Washington.
In 1950, Jack Schetky and his son John purchased Root's half of the business and changed its name to Schetky Equipment. In the ensuing years, John Schetky took a larger role in the business and helped write the official School Bus Codes for the states of Oregon (1950), and Alaska (1959). John Schetky also lobbied for and helped launch a bill in the state of Oregon which simply read, "School districts shall have the authority to lease school buses." In 1975, John and son Randy changed the business' name once again to Schetky Northwest Sales and that is what it remains today.
Official website: https://www.schetkynw.com/
Bus manufacturers of the United States
Companies based in Portland, Oregon
School bus manufacturers
Privately held companies based in Oregon | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schetky%20Northwest%20Sales%2C%20Inc. |
Hata may refer to:
Places
Hata, Nagano, a former town in Nagano Prefecture, Japan
Hata District, Kōchi, a district in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan
Hata, India, a town and municipal council in Uttar Pradesh, India
Hata (Assembly constituency), a constituency of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly
Hata, a former village that is now the site of Ahta Indian Reserve No. 3
Hata, Purvi Singhbhum, a village in Jharkhand, India
Other uses
Hata (surname), a Japanese surname
Hata clan, a former immigrant clan to Japan
See also
Hata Station (disambiguation), multiple railway stations in Japan
Hatamoto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hata |
Erik Røring Møinichen (15 December 1797 – 7 February 1875) was a Norwegian politician.
Personal life
Møinichen was born in Trondhjem as a son of district stipendiary magistrate Thomas Henrich Møinichen (1758–1845) and Ingeborg Birgitte Røring, Sr. He was an older brother of Ingeborg Birgitte Møinichen, Jr, who married into the Lie family and was a mother of Erika (Nissen) and Ida Lie and mother-in-law of Jonas Lie. Erik Røring Møinichen even had one of Jonas' sons, Erik Røring Møinichen Lie, named after him. Through another sibling, he was an uncle of Frithjof M. Plahte.
Møinichen married Laura Emilie Sørensen (1812–1888) from Skien.
Career
He held the cand.jur. degree and was hired in the Norwegian Ministry of Justice and the Police in 1827. He is known for his work with the prison service, and was a driving force behind the building of Botsfengselet which was completed in 1851. He was a board member of Norsk Hoved-Jernbane until 1854, when the first railway was opened in Norway.
In politics, Møinichen served as mayor of Christania in 1842 and 1843. He was then the County Governor of Akershus from 1843 to 1855. He was elected to the Parliament of Norway in 1851, representing the constituency of Christiania og Lillehammer, and served one term. From 1855 to 1870 he was a government minister.
He was the Minister of Auditing from January to May 1855, then a member of the Council of State Division in Stockholm. After exactly one year, on 1 June 1856, he became Minister of Finance. On 1 August 1857 he became Minister of Justice and the Police, where he stayed until 31 August 1858 except for a time between September and November 1857. In August 1858 he also became Minister of Finance, which he was until 30 September 1859. He was then a member of the Council of State Division in Stockholm for thirteen months. Then, from November 1860 to 30 September 1861 he was the Minister of Postal Affairs. He also became Minister of Justice on 12 December 1861 and remained so until the cabinet change on 17 December. From 1 September 1861 he was the Minister of Finance for twelve months, then a member of the Council of State Division in Stockholm for thirteen months, Minister of the Navy and Postal Affairs for twelve months, member of the Council of State Division in Stockholm for twelve months, Minister of Finance for twelve months, Minister of Justice for twelve months, and member of the Council of State Division in Stockholm for eight months. Then, on 1 June 1868 he became minister of Auditing again. From 1 October 1869 to 31 January 1870 he was Minister of Finance for the fifth time, concluding his involvement in Norwegian government.
References
1797 births
1875 deaths
Norwegian civil servants
Mayors of Oslo
County governors of Norway
Government ministers of Norway
19th-century Norwegian politicians
Ministers of Finance of Norway
Ministers of Justice of Norway | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik%20R%C3%B8ring%20M%C3%B8inichen |
Curtis Everett Duncan (born January 26, 1965), is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Houston Oilers in the 10th round of the 1987 NFL Draft.
A 5'11", 184-lb. receiver from Northwestern University, Duncan played his entire seven-year career with the Houston Oilers during the Run & Shoot era with fellow receivers Ernest Givins, Haywood Jeffires, Drew Hill, and quarterback Warren Moon. His best year as a pro came during the 1992 season when he caught 82 receptions for 954 yards, earning him a selection to the Pro Bowl.
References
1965 births
Living people
American Conference Pro Bowl players
American football wide receivers
Northwestern Wildcats football players
Houston Oilers players
Players of American football from Detroit | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtis%20Duncan |
Harry Burton (13 September 1879 – 27 June 1940) was an English archaeological photographer, best known for his photographs of excavations in Egypt's Valley of the Kings. Today, he is sometimes referred to as an Egyptologist, since he worked for the Egyptian Expedition of the Metropolitan Museum of Art for around 25 years, from 1915 until his death. His most famous photographs are the estimated 3,400 or more images that he took documenting Howard Carter's excavation of Tutankhamun's tomb from 1922 to 1932.
Life and work
Burton was born in Stamford, Lincolnshire, England, to journeyman cabinet maker William Burton and Ann Hufton, the fifth of eleven children.
In his teens he began to work for the art historian Robert Henry Hobart Cust and in 1896 moved to Florence, Italy, acting as Cust's secretary and establishing a reputation as an art photographer.
While in Florence, Burton met Theodore M. Davis, a wealthy American lawyer who sponsored a number of excavations of ancient tombs in Egypt. When in 1910 Cust returned to England, Burton went to Egypt, where Davis employed him as a photographer to record his excavations, including the artefacts found. Burton also supervised a number of tomb excavations and clearances, including KV3 and KV47 in 1912, and KV7 in 1913–14.
When Davis relinquished his excavation permit in 1914, Burton was engaged by the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Egyptian Expedition to serve as their official photographer, often working closely with Herbert E. Winlock. Over the next few years Burton worked with the Metropolitan team on numerous excavations, mostly around Thebes. His photographs frequently appeared in the Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and other publications, although they were often not credited.
Tutankhamun's tomb
In November 1922 Howard Carter discovered the tomb of Tutankhamun, its contents largely intact. Carter realised that "the first and pressing need was for photography, for nothing could be touched until a complete photographic record had been made, a task involving technical skill of the highest order." The Metropolitan Museum's excavation team, working nearby, readily agreed to Carter's request for the loan of Burton to formally photograph the findings of the British excavation at Tutankhamun's tomb.
Taking his first pictures on 27 December 1922, Burton was to spend nearly ten years photographing Tutankhamun's tomb and its artefacts, with over 3,400 photographs preserved. Burton used gelatine silver glass plates that recorded a high quality detailed image. For lighting he preferred sunlight reflected into the tomb by mirrors, sometimes over a distance of 100 feet, the light caught by reflectors that were kept constantly in motion to disperse the light evenly on the subject. Burton also made use of two movable powerful electric standard lamps that Carter had installed in the dark tomb, producing an even light that could produce a high quality photograph on a slow exposure. To develop pictures in the first two seasons, Burton used a previously cleared tomb nearby, allowing him to determine whether or not he had the shot required. Carter commented "These periodic dashes of his from tomb to tomb must have been a godsend to the crowd of curious visitors who kept vigil above the tomb, for there were many days during the winter in which it was the only excitement they had." Burton also made use of early colour autochrome plates in his work at the tomb and for the Metropolitan Museum of Art's recording work; the Illustrated London News published some tinted photographic images based on his Tutankhamun autochromes, which were transparencies designed to be viewed against the light.
In addition, Burton learned to operate a motion picture camera, loaned by Samuel Goldwyn Productions, using it to record the opening of Tutankhamun sarcophagus in February 1924, and to show objects as they were being removed from the tomb. He also produced some of the earliest documentary film footage of life in the Nile valley.
While working on Tutankhamun's tomb, Burton continued to do photographic work for the Metropolitan Museum's concession at nearby Deir el-Bahari, this taking up much of his time from 1927. He however continued to support Carter until the completion of the Tutankhamun clearance in 1932, the two remaining on good terms.
Later work
From 1931 to 1934 Burton worked at the Metropolitan concession further down the Nile at Lisht. He remained in Egypt after the Metropolitan Museum ceased its major excavations in 1935, and continued to record other monuments and artefacts.
In 1931 Carter named Burton as an executor of his will. After Carter died in March 1939, Burton identified at least eighteen items in Carter's antiquities collection taken from Tutankhamun's tomb without authorisation. As this was a sensitive matter that could affect Anglo-Egyptian relations, Burton sought wider advice, finally recommending that the items be discreetly presented or sold to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, with most eventually going either there or to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. The Metropolitan Museum items were later returned to Egypt.
From 1937 Burton's health began to decline. He died of diabetes in Egypt on 27 June 1940, aged 60. He was buried in the American cemetery in Asyut.
On 18 July 1914 Burton married Minnie Catherine Young at Chelsea Registry Office in London. When not in Egypt, they lived mainly in Florence, where they were often visited by Howard Carter. Minnie outlived her husband, dying in Florence in May 1957. The couple had no children.
Legacy
While the 3,400 images from the tomb of Tutankhamun are widely known, and played a significant part in the "Egyptomania" of the 1920s, Burton also produced many other photographic records of the highest quality, including 7,500 for the Metropolitan Museum, over 3,000 of Theban tombs and monuments and 600 of antiquities in Cairo and Italy.
Burton's key role in photographing archaeological finds, including those relating to Tutankhamun, was often downplayed or overlooked. His pictures were frequently published without attribution, he rarely featured in press reports, with only brief mentions in contemporary books. He however earned a reputation among Egyptologists as the finest archaeological photographer of the time. Carter valued his work highly, describing his photographs as "of outstanding beauty as well as great archaeological value". In May 1923 Carter wrote to Albert Lythgoe, who had agreed the loan of Burton from the Metropolitan concession, confirming that Burton had completed his work "in a splendid and admirable manner. In fact, I do not know how to praise his work sufficiently. He had a colossal task which he carried out to the end in the most efficient manner possible, and I should like to convey through you my most sincere gratitude to your trustees and Director for his good aid."
Burton's photographs have featured in a number of exhibitions:
2001: The Pharaoh's Photographer: Harry Burton, Tutankhamun, and the Metropolitan's Egyptian Expedition, at the Metropolitan Museum of Art;
2006: Wonderful Things! The Discovery of the Tomb of Tutankhamun: The Harry Burton Photographs, at the University of Chicago's Oriental Institute;
2006-07: Discovering Tutankhamun: The Photographs of Harry Burton, at the Metropolitan Museum of Art;
2014: Discovering Tutankhamun, at the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, featured many of Burton's original photographs alongside records and drawings from the Griffith Institute;
2017-2018: Photographing Tutankhamun, at the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, showed many of Harry Burton's photographs. Held also at The Collection, Lincoln, it was curated by Professor Christina Riggs.
References
Sources
Riggs, Christina. (2019). Photographing Tutankhamun: Archaeology, Ancient Egypt, and the Archive. London: Bloomsbury/Routledge. ISBN 9781350038516.
External links
Burton's Tutankhamun photographs: online gallery All of Burton's photographs of the Tutankhamun excavation (The Griffith Institute)
Wonderful Things! The Discovery of the Tomb of Tutankhamun: The Harry Burton Photographs
Burton, Harry: Tutankhamun tomb photographs: a photographic record in 5 albums containing 490 original photographic prints (Heidelberg University)
Photographing Tutankhamun, website and blog by Professor Christina Riggs with insights into her research on the Tutankhamun photographic archive
Lecture: Photographing Tutankhamun: How the Camera Helped Create 'King Tut' - Christina Riggs, 7 November 2018 (Harvard Museums of Science & Culture)
1879 births
1940 deaths
Photographers from Lincolnshire
English documentary filmmakers
English archaeologists
English Egyptologists
Photography in Egypt
People from Stamford, Lincolnshire
20th-century British archaeologists
People associated with the Metropolitan Museum of Art | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Burton%20%28Egyptologist%29 |
Mir Ahmad Ali Khan Siddiqi Bayafandi, Nasir Jung, was the son of Nizam-ul-Mulk by his wife Saeed-un-nisa Begum. He was born 26 February 1712. He succeeded his father as the Nizam of Hyderabad State in 1748. He had taken up a title of Humayun Jah, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Ahmad Ali Khan Siddiqi Bahadur, Nasir Jung, Nawab Subadar of the Deccan. However, he is most famously known as Nasir Jung.
The Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah bestowed him with the title Nasir Jung and later the next Mughal Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur appointed him as the Subedar of the Deccan and bestowed him with the title Nasir-ud-Daula.
Official name
His official name was Humayun, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Ahmad Ali Khan Siddiqi Bayafandi Bahadur, Nasir Jung, Nawab Subadar of the Deccan.
Rise to power
In his early career, he defied the Marathas by refusing to pay tribute and Chauth to Chhatrapati (Emperor) Shahu. The Peshwa Bajirao marched against Nasir Jung who was stationed at Jalna governing the state of Hyderabad in the absence of Nijam. Bajirao with 30,000 cavalry attacked Nasir Jung and his army near Jalna and defeated him in open field battle. Nasir Jung surrendered to Bajirao and paid a tribute of one crore (10,000,000) of Rupees and restitution of 75 lakhs 7,500,000) of Rupees. He also handed over the territories of Srirangapatanam, Vellore and Gingee to the Marathas under the governorship of Murari Rao.
He ruled Hyderabad State in India from 1 June 1748 to 1750. He was appointed as his father's Deputy during his absence in Delhi from 1737 to 1741. In 1741 he attempted to seize power, but was defeated by his father at the Eid Gah Maidan in Aurangabad, on 23 July 1741. After his father's death, he ascended the throne on 2 June 1748 at Burhanpur.
Second Carnatic War
After the death of the Nizam-ul-Mulk, the Nizam of Hyderabad, a civil war for succession broke out in south between Nasir Jung (son of the Nizam-ul-Mulk) and Muzaffar Jung (grandson of the Nizam-ul-Mulk from his daughter). This opened a window of opportunity for Hussain Dost Khan better known as Chanda Sahib who wanted to become Nawab of Carnatic and joined the cause of Muzaffar Jung and began to conspire against Nawab Anwar-ud-din Muhammad Khan in Arcot.
The Europeans got directly involved in the affairs of the Deccan and Carnatic. This resulted in the Second Carnatic War which was an unofficial war fought between the British East India Company and the French Compagnie de Indes at a time when there was peace between the two powers in Europe. Its roots lay in Dupleix's (French Governor) skillful exploitation of the confused politics of the region to enhance French power through a series of Indian alliances.
The French sided with Chanda Sahib and Muzaffar Jung to bring them into power in their respective states. But soon the British intervened. To offset the French influence, they began supporting Nasir Jung and Muhammad Ali Khan Walajah the son of late Nawab Anwar-ud-din Muhammad Khan who had recently been killed by the French in Battle of Ambur in 1749.
There were initial successes for the French in both Deccan and Carnatc in defeating and murdering their opponents and placing their supporters on thrones by 1750. It was during one such success that Nasir Jung was killed at Dupleix-Fathabad (Sarasangupettai), near Gingee, by the Pathan Himmat Khan who was Nawab of Kadapa, on 16 December 1750. He was buried at the Mausoleum of Burhan ud-Din Gharib, Khuldabad. As a result, Muzaffar Jung succeeded to the throne of Hyderabad.
Later, the famous capture of Arcot by the English under Robert Clive in 1751 led to successive British victories and of their South Indian Allies. The war ended with the Treaty of Pondicherry, signed in 1754–55. Muhammad Ali Khan Walajah was recognized as the Nawab of Carnatic. Joseph François Dupleix the French leader was asked to return to France. The directors of the French Compagnie de Indes were dissatisfied with the political ambitions of Dupleix, which had led to immense financial loss. In 1754, Godeheu replaced Dupleix.
Death
He was killed at Sarasangupettai, near Gingee, by Himmat Khan, the Nawab of Kurnool, on 16 December 1750. He is buried next to his father at Khuldabad, within the shrine of Burhan ud-Din Gharib.
Positions held
Subedar of Aurangabad 1745–1746.
Nizam
References
External links
Hyderabad's history
Mughal nobility
1712 births
1750 deaths
18th-century Indian Muslims
Nizams of Hyderabad
People from Burhanpur
18th-century Indian royalty | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasir%20Jung |
Weird Little Boy is a one-off album by a band of the same name, performed by John Zorn (alto saxophone, keyboards, samplers), Trey Spruance (guitar, drums, keyboards), William Winant (percussion), Mike Patton (drums, vocals) and Chris Cochrane (guitar). It was released in 1998 on the Japanese label Avant.
Weird Little Boy is regarded by fans (as well as by the actual performers) as the best/worst thing that could have resulted from the meeting of this eclectic mix of artists. Every performer on the recording has at some point professed their distaste for the project. Most vocal on this subject was Trey Spruance.
Reception
The Allmusic review by Bradley Torreano awarded the album 3 stars noting that "This is not for fans of jazz, or fans of anything really. This is a brutal noise experience for listeners interested in how far sonic technology can really be stretched and twisted. It is also very captivating music, and given time it can really sustain interest. Just make sure to listen to it when you have time to digest the whole package".
Track listing
"Two Weeks on a Morphine Drip / New Dirt and New Flies / Lorne Greene" - 10:17
"If the Gun Has a Mind / Redeye / Worms and Shit" - 8:05
"Totally Poobied" - 2:14
"Weird Little Boy" - 1:39
"Lungfull of Water" - 7:51
"Seance" - 3:04
"When Blood Fills a Cylinder" - 2:59
"Waiting" - 1:46
"Blindness" - 4:04
Recorded at Creative Audio, New York City on November 26, 1995
All compositions by Weird Little Boy
Personnel
Chris Cochrane: guitar
Mike Patton: drums, vocals
Trey Spruance: guitars, keyboards, drums
William Winant: percussion
John Zorn: alto, samplers, keyboards
Nayland Blake: graphics
Dennis Cooper: text
References
1998 albums
Albums produced by John Zorn
John Zorn albums
Avant Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weird%20Little%20Boy |
Early life
Abune Takla Haymanot was born in 1918, the son of a simple soldier, Wolde Mikael Adamu in southern Begemder province. As a young boy, he left home to study at the Zerzer St. Michael Church School in Bitchena, Gojjam Province where he studied advanced Bible commentary and "Kine" (ecclesiastic poetry). He was ordained a deacon by the then Coptic Archbishop of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, Abune Mattewos. In 1934, just before the Italian occupation, he traveled to Addis Ababa and was ordained a priest by Abune Kerlos, the last Coptic Archbishop of Ethiopia. He then went on to Sodo town, then a very small village in Wolaitta district of Sidamo Province to serve at the Debre Menkirat St. Takla Haymanot Monastery. Abba Melaku Wolde Mikael is believed to have had a transformative religious revelation during his service there, and he became a "bahitawi" or hermit monk. Although he played a significant role in preaching to the people of the district and helping to found and build schools, orphanages and churches, he spent the majority of his time sequestered alone in a cave praying and mortifying his flesh by severe penance and self-denial. He ate only the simplest foods (mostly boiled grains) and wore simple yellow robes of the lowest quality.
Elevation to the Patriarchate
Abba Melaku was enthroned as Patriarch of Ethiopia following the forcible removal from the Patriarchal throne of the previous Patriarch, Abuna Theophilos (aka Abuna Tewophilos) by the Marxist Derg regime in May 1976. Following the Patriarch's arrest, the Derg ordered that an assembly of clergy and laity of the church along with the Holy Synod elect a new Patriarch to replace the arrested Abuna Tewophilos. All Archbishops were disqualified from being elected for having been too close to the recently deposed Ethiopian monarchy. The Assembly of the Church met on July 7, 1976, and under the leadership of the Locum Tenens (Acting Patriarch) Archbishop Abune Yohannes, was made to elect a hermit bahitawi by the name of Melaku Wolde Mikael as the new Patriarch of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. The new Patriarch-elect of the Orthodox Church was elevated to the rank of bishop with the name Takla Haymanot on July 18, 1976, and then enthroned as Patriarch of Ethiopia on August 29. With little formal education, and little exposure to temporal affairs, Abba Melaku had spent the bulk of his life as a hermit praying in a cave, and preaching to the people of Wollaita district, helping to build numerous churches and church schools in the area. It is believed that the Derg hoped that such simple rural man would be easy to control. Indeed, Abune Takla Haymanot's reaction to the news that he was to be enthroned as Patriarch of the Church was extreme distress, and he was reduced to bitter weeping. He was enthroned, and within a year, he was made to appoint 14 new bishops to replace the old ones who were deemed to have been close to the government of Emperor Haile Selassie. A government appointed administrator was put in place to place the church under the tutelage of the Derg.
The Coptic church refused to recognize the removal of Patriarch Abune Tewophilos, and declared that as far as the church of Egypt was concerned, he remained the canonical Patriarch of Ethiopia. Even after the execution of Patriarch Abune Tewophilos became widely known, the lack of an official announcement of his death kept the Coptic Church from recognizing any other person as head of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. Although the two churches continued in communion with each other, formal ties were severed and the Coptic Patriarchate refused to recognize Abune Takla Haymanot as legitimate.
Abune Takla Haymanot presided over the church during a tumult filled period of Ethiopian history. The Derg launched a vicious and bloody campaign against its opponents known as the Ethiopian Red Terror. Countless of people from every political, social, economic and religious grouping, were imprisoned, tortured, or killed, and thousands fled the country as a hard line Communist and officially atheist regime imposed itself on the ancient empire. Later during his tenure, Ethiopia would fall victim to the worst famine in its recorded history when millions are believed to have been affected directly. During these hard times, church attendance exploded to all time highs, and unlike the other Communist countries of the world, actually grew during this period. Although his legitimacy had been called into question, Abune Takla Haymanot through his personal devoutness and dignity, would become the most popular of all the men to have sat on the Patriarchal throne in Ethiopia. Upon his enthronement, he had refused to don the black robes traditional to high-ranking hierarchs of the Orthodox churches. Instead he adopted robes that were bright yellow, the color of the bahitawi hermits, and a color which in Ethiopian tradition symbolized penance and suffering. Indeed, the Patriarch spent the entire 11 years of his reign in almost constant penance. He prayed constantly, refused to eat anything but the simplest boiled and roasted grains and beans, slept on the bare floor and wore the thinnest of sandals, in an act of constant self-mortification. Every penny of his personal allowance was spent on educating a group of famine orphans that he was personally raising in the Patriarchate itself. Although never directly confronting the communist government for fear of increasing the persecution of his flock, Patriarch Abune Takla Haymanot preached to his people to be strong and to pray, joining them in this endeavor with all his heart. Eventually, the Derg realized that instead of having a pliant, easily manipulated country bumpkin, they were dealing with a formidable, deeply conservative, rigid and uncompromising man at the head of the church. He increasingly refused to accept incursions on his office by the government appointed administrator, and eventually had the man removed from office.
There are reports, that there was a final rupture between President Mengistu Haile Mariam and the Patriarch following the napalm and cluster bombing of rebel held areas of Eritrea and the Tigray Region in the north in 1988. It is said that the Patriarch had protested against such measures being carried out on innocent civilian populations, and that Col. Mengistu had angrily demanded that he stop interfering in state affairs. The Patriarch, already in poor health and a weakened state thanks to his constant fasting and penance, then began an even more rigorous fast (basically a hunger strike in protest) and refused to make any more public appearances other than to attend the Divine Liturgy at the church within the Patriarchate. He made one final public appearance at the inauguration of a new church in Wollaita, and visited the cave where he had once lived. He returned to Addis Ababa and was almost immediately admitted to the hospital, where he died.
The Ethiopian government ordered a full state funeral for Patriarch Abune Takla Haymanot, complete with military escort, gun salutes and flags at half staff throughout Ethiopia. The open casket was carried from St. Mary's church in the Patriarchate, to Holy Trinity Cathedral, on the same carriage that was once used by the fallen Imperial regime for royal funerals. The Patriarch lay in his coffin wearing a Patriarchal crown and in his robes of office, draped with the Ethiopian flag. Tens of thousands of weeping faithful packed the streets to see the body pass on the way to the Cathedral. He was buried at the Cathedral after lying in state for three days. His burial was attended by the entire diplomatic corps in Addis Ababa as well as most of the high-ranking members of the government and the Workers' Party of Ethiopia (WPE).
Abune Takla Haymanot was succeeded by Patriarch Abuna Merkorios.
See also
List of abunas of Ethiopia
References
External links
Patriarch Tekle Haimanot
1918 births
1988 deaths
Patriarchs of Ethiopia
Ethiopian anti-communists
20th-century Oriental Orthodox archbishops | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abuna%20Takla%20Haymanot |
Grapette is a grape-flavored soft drink that was first produced and marketed in 1939 by Benjamin "Tyndle" Fooks. Grapette is now produced by Grapette International, and is marketed in the United States by Walmart as part of its Sam's Choice line of soft drinks.
Development
Grapette was developed by Benjamin "Tyndle" Fooks (1901-1981) when, while working as a traveling salesman selling a product known as "Fooks Flavors", he noticed the popularity of his grape flavor. From this, Fooks, dissatisfied with existing grape sodas on the market, sought to develop a grape soda that tasted the way he believed that a grape soda should taste. Over the course of two years and tens of thousands of taste tests, by 1939, he had developed a flavor that he believed was superior to all other grape sodas available at the time.
To name the drink, Fooks turned to Hubert Owen. Owen and an assistant ran a local contest to come up with a name, but this failed to produce any suitable results. In search of further inspiration, Owen then traveled to Washington, D.C. in 1939 to look through the trademark files of the United States Patent Office. It was here that Owen learned of Rube Goldstein, a man who owned a trademark for the name "Grapette", "Orangette", and "Lemonette". Further research determined that Goldstein owned a small bottling firm that produced a drink that used one of Fooks' grape flavors, called "Tiny”. Aptly named, “Tiny” was produced in a six-ounce bottle and distributed in Virginia and North Carolina. Goldstein, however, had never used the Grapette, Orangette, or Lemonette names. By March 1940, Fooks and Owen had met with Goldstein in Chicago, Illinois to purchasing the Grapette, Orangette, and Lemonette names for a total of $500.
Early marketing
In the spring of 1940, Fooks began marketing his soda in Camden, Arkansas, under the name "Grapette".
Grapette's first-year sales were quite promising. This was due to Grapette's flavor, as well as Grapette's unique packaging. Most soft drinks at the time were sold in twelve-ounce bottles. Grapette was sold in a six-ounce clear glass bottle, which served to show off the beverage's purple color. With the success in sales, marketing of Grapette was expanded to much of the United States, and the slogan "Thirsty or Not" was developed for use in advertising. In addition, other flavors were developed, such as Orangette, an orange-flavored soda that used a considerable amount of real orange juice, and Lemonette, which contained a large amount of real lemon juice.
When World War II began, Fooks dropped many of his other brands, such as Botl-O and Sunburst, in order to focus on Grapette. Sales of Grapette continued to soar during the war, despite restrictions and material shortages. Sugar, which was subject to wartime rationing, was obtained by adding water to granulated sugar, thus liquefying it, enabling it to be sold as syrup, which was not subject to rationing.
In 1942, R. Paul May, an Arkansas oil tycoon, persuaded Fooks to allow him to market Grapette in Latin America, citing a lack of soft drink options in the area. May was able to build a good reputation for Grapette in Guatemala, selling not only Grapette, but also Orangette and Lemonette. These brands soon became market leaders. In 1962, the export division of Grapette was reorganized into a separate company, known as Grapette International.
In 1962, Grapette introduced a line of cola drinks to compete with Coca-Cola under the name of "Mr. Cola". The drink was popular in large part because of its sixteen-ounce bottle. Mr. Cola was also available in ten and twelve-ounce sizes. In 1963, "Lymette" was added to Grapette's family of brands. Lymette, however, never achieved the commercial success of the other brands.
Decline and retirement
By the 1960s, Fooks believed that he had reached his limit with Grapette, and was ready to move on. By the end of the decade, Fooks had begun talks with groups interested in purchasing Grapette. Fooks ultimately sold Grapette to the Rheingold Corporation in 1970, which marketed the Rheingold, Ruppert-Knickerbocker, and Gablinger's lines of beers, as well as several regional brands of soft drinks in California, New Mexico, and Puerto Rico. Rheingold changed the name of the company from Grapette to Flavette, and relocated the company headquarters to Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Grapette's bottle was changed to one with smooth sides and colored dots. The slogan became "The Juicy Soda". Grapette's advertising model also changed. Previously, advertising was funded by a surcharge on sugar, which was to be spent by the distributor for advertising only. This plan was dropped by Rheingold, placing advertising solely in the hands of Grapette's distributors, resulting in an immediate drop in sales. During this period, Flavette purchased the Dr. Wells soda pop brand and Mason & Mason, Inc., the makers of Mason's Root Beer.
In 1975, Rheingold was purchased by PepsiCo, Inc. in a hostile takeover, acquiring 80% of the company's stock. However, the Federal Trade Commission determined that PepsiCo controlled too many soft drink companies, and thus ordered that PepsiCo divest several prominent brands. When the divestiture was complete in 1977, Grapette was in the hands of Monarch Beverage Company, which manufactured NuGrape. As Monarch already manufactured a grape soda, it was determined that they did not need a second. Representatives from Monarch flew to Grapette's headquarters and essentially fired the Grapette team. As such, the Grapette name was shelved, and the flavor was retired in the United States.
Despite the brand's retirement in the United States, May retained ownership of Grapette International, and Grapette was still produced internationally, remaining a popular drink. When May died in the early 1970s, control of Grapette International was passed on to May's son-in-law, Brooks Rice.
In the United States, Grapette may have been gone, but it certainly had not been forgotten. Rice had made many offers to buy the American rights to Grapette back from Monarch, but regardless of the amount of money offered, Monarch refused to sell the name. Despite this setback, Rice continued to grow Grapette's market share elsewhere in the world, with sales in the tens of millions in countries in South America and the Pacific Rim.
Walmart
Rice had profited by becoming an early investor in a business called Walmart, founded by Sam Walton. Over time, as Walmart grew into a household name, Rice began thinking of ways to partner with Walmart. In 1986, Rice was able to meet with Sam Walton, in order to discuss creating a line of private label soft drinks for Walmart. He was specifically interested in making a grape soda for Walmart. Walton did not waste words in telling Rice what he wanted: "I want Grapette in my stores." While Rice did not have the American rights to the Grapette name, he was able to offer Grapette's flavor, and also promised that if he was able to reacquire the rights for the Grapette name, Walmart could have it.
Ozark Farms
In 1989, nearly three years after the initial meeting, Grapette International began producing a line of soft drinks for Walmart under the Ozark Farms name. The flavors available were cola, lemon-lime, grape, and orange. Each flavor used Fooks' original formulas. Thus Grapette returned to American shelves, albeit under a new name. However, sales were disappointing, and the Ozark Farms line of soft drinks was discontinued.
Sam's Choice
When Sam Walton died in 1992, Walmart CEO David Glass felt it would be a fitting tribute to Walton to rename Walmart's private label as "Sam's Choice". In 1993, Rice again began manufacturing soft drinks for Walmart, this time under the Sam's Choice brand. Walmart was given exclusive rights to the flavors in the United States. Grapette was relaunched at this time as well, under the name "Sam's Choice Grape". Sam's Choice Grape soon became one of the best-selling grape sodas in the nation, seemingly proving Rice's claim that the flavor was what had made Grapette so popular, and not the drink's famous name.
Revival of Grapette name
In 2000, Rice walked into the Walmart Home Office in Bentonville, Arkansas, in order to personally deliver the news to David Glass: Monarch was finally selling the Grapette name. Rice told Glass, "This is a tribute to you and Sam for having the vision on this product."
By late 2004, the Grapette and Orangette names (and original logotypes) had been incorporated into the Sam's Choice line of soft drinks, and had completely replaced the Sam's Choice Grape and Sam's Choice Orange brands in Walmart stores.
See also
List of Walmart brands
Sam's Choice
Notes
References
Gloeckler, Geoff (January 2005). "The Grape Awakening". Walmart World, p. 10-12.
Mangum, Walker. "The Grapette Story". Retrieved April 13, 2006.
Further reading
External links
Grapette International
Nancy and Walker Mangum's Grapette site
Soda Traderz: Grapette
Companies based in Arkansas
Grape sodas
American soft drinks
Walmart brands
Monarch brands
Products introduced in 1939
Camden, Arkansas
Cuisine of the Southern United States
Arkansas culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapette |
Amore is the Italian word for "love". It may come from Amare which is "to love" in Latin.
People
Alexis Amore, pornographic actress
Eugenio Amore, Italian beach volleyball player
Gianna Amore, Playboy centerfold
Gregg Amore, Secretary of State of Rhode Island
Film and TV
Amore!, a 1993 American film
L'Amore (film), 1948 Italian film directed by Roberto Rossellini
Amore (1936 film), a 1936 Italian film Carlo Ludovico Bragaglia
Amore (1974 film), a 1974 French film directed by Henry Chapier
Music
Albums
Amore (Alessandra Mussolini album), a 1982 album by Alessandra Mussolini
Amore (Andrea Bocelli album), a 2006 album by classical crossover singer Andrea Bocelli
Amore (The Hooters album), a 1983 album by The Hooters
Amore (Wanda album), 2014 debut album by Austrian band Wanda
Songs and compositions
"Amore", 1987 song by BZN
"Amore", 1976 song by Krisma
"Amore", 2016 song by Babymetal from the album Metal Resistance
"Amore", 2018 song by Pitbull featuring Leona Lewis from the film Gotti
"Amore", 2021 song by Bebe Rexha featuring Rick Ross from the album Better Mistakes
"Amoré (Sexo)", a song by Santana featuring Macy Gray from the album Shaman
"L'amore" (Sonohra song), 2008 song by Sonohra
"L'Amore", 1966 song by Don Backy
"L'Amore", 1973 song by Fred Bongusto
"L'Amore", 1958 song by Tonina Torrielli
Amore, a composition for piano by Ryuichi Sakamoto
Other
Amore Pacific, cosmetics brand of Taepyeongyang Corporation
Partito dell'Amore, Italian political party
See also
De amore (disambiguation)
D'Amore (disambiguation)
Un amore (disambiguation)
Amor (disambiguation)
Amora (disambiguation)
Amour (disambiguation)
L'Amour (disambiguation)
Mi amor (disambiguation)
Mi amore (disambiguation)
"That's Amore", a 1953 Dean Martin song
Love (disambiguation), Italian translation of amore | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amore |
Ian or Iain is a name of Scottish Gaelic origin, which is derived from the Hebrew given name (Yohanan, ) and corresponds to the English name John. The spelling Ian is an Anglicization of the Scottish Gaelic forename Iain. This name is a popular name in Scotland, where it originated, as well as in other English-speaking countries.
The name has fallen out of the top 100 male baby names in the United Kingdom, having peaked in popularity as one of the top 10 names throughout the 1960s. In 1900, Ian ranked as the 180th most popular male baby name in England and Wales. , the name has been in the top 100 in the United States every year since 1982, peaking at 65 in 2003.
Other Gaelic forms of the name "John" include "Seonaidh" ("Johnny" from Lowland Scots), "Seon" (from English), "Seathan", and "Seán" and "Eoin" (from Irish). The Welsh equivalent is Ioan, the Cornish counterpart is Yowan and the Breton equivalent is Yann.
Notable people named Ian
As a first name (alphabetical by family name)
Ian Agol (born 1970), American mathematician
Ian Anderson (musician) (born 1947), lead of rock band Jethro Tull
Ian Astbury (born 1962), singer of rock band The Cult
Ian Bairnson (1953–2023), Scottish guitarist of The Alan Parsons Project and Pilot
Ian Baker-Finch (born 1960), Australian golfer and 1991 British Open winner
Ian Bannen (1928–1999), British actor
Ian Bazalgette (1918–1944), Canadian-British recipient of the Victoria Cross
Ian Bell (born 1982), English cricketer
Ian Berry (disambiguation), multiple people
Ian Black (disambiguation), multiple people
Sir Ian Blair (born 1953), British former Head of the Metropolitan Police Service
Ian Bohen (born 1976), American actor
Ian Bolton (born 1953), English footballer
Ian Book (born 1998), American football player
Sir Ian Botham (born 1955), English cricketer
Ian Brady (Ian Duncan Stewart, 1938–2017), convicted for the Moors murders in England in the 1960s
Ian Bremmer (born 1969), political scientist, author, entrepreneur
Ian Broudie (born 1958), English singer in The Lightning Seeds, and music producer
Ian Brown (born 1963), singer and lyricist in The Stone Roses
Ian Bunting (born 1996), American football player
Ian Callaghan (born 1942), Liverpool footballer with the most appearances
Ian Callum (born 1954), British design director for Jaguar
Ian Cameron (disambiguation), multiple people
Ian Carmichael (1920–2010), OBE, English actor
Ian "iDubbbz" Carter (born 1990), American YouTube personality
Ian Chan (born 1993), Hong Kong singer-songwriter and actor
Ian Chappell (born 1943), former Australian cricketer
Ian Charleson (1949–1990), Scottish/British actor
Ian Clark (disambiguation), multiple people
Ian Clyde (born 1956), Canadian boxer
Ian Cole (born 1989), American hockey player
Ian Collier (1943–2008), singer and actor
Ian Cooper (disambiguation), multiple people
Ian James Corlett (born 1962), cartoon writer and voice actor, creator of Being Ian
Ian Crocker (born 1982), swimmer
Ian Curtis (1956–1980), singer and lyricist in Joy Division
Ian Davidson (disambiguation), multiple people
Ian Davis (disambiguation), multiple people
Ian Desmond (born 1985), American Major League Baseball shortstop
Ian Stuart Donaldson (1957–1993), English vocalist and frontman of British neo-Nazi band Skrewdriver
Ian Dunn (activist) (1943-1998), Scottish gay and paedophile rights activist
Ian Dunn (rugby union) (born 1960), New Zealand rugby union player
Ian Dury (1942–2000), British singer and songwriter
Ian Eagle (born 1969), American sports announcer
Ian Edmond (born 1978), British swimmer
Ian Falconer (1959–2023), American author and illustrator
Ian Ferguson (disambiguation), multiple people
Ian Flanagan (born 1982), Welsh tennis player
Ian Fleming (1908–1964), British novelist, creator of James Bond
Ian Flynn (born 1982), American comic book writer
Ian Frazier (born 1951), American writer and humorist
Ian Froman (born 1937), South African-born Israeli tennis player and tennis patron
Ian Gibbons (musician) (1952–2019), English keyboardist, member of The Kinks
Ian Gibson (disambiguation), multiple people
Ian Gillan (born 1945), English lead singer of hard rock band Deep Purple
Ian Gleed DSO DFC (1916–1943), English Royal Air Force flying ace and one of the Few
Ian Gold (born 1978), former American football player
Ian Gomm (born 1947), British guitarist and singer
Ian Goodfellow (born 1985), Director of Machine Learning in the Special Projects Group at Apple computer
Ian Gow, British Member of Parliament assassinated by IRA terrorists in 1990
Ian Greig (born 1955), former English cricketer and brother of Tony Greig
Ian Grist (1938–2002), British politician
Ian Gunther (born 1999), American gymnastics creator
Ian Hall (musician) (1940–2022), Guyanese-born British musician and composer
Ian Hallard (born 1974), British actor
Ian Hamilton (disambiguation), multiple people
Ian Hanlin, Canadian voice actor
Ian Hanomansing, Canadian journalist and news anchor
Ian Harding (born 1986), American actor
Ian Hart (born 1964), English actor
Ian Haugland (born 1964 as Jan-Håkan Haugland), Norwegian-born Swedish drummer for the band Europe
Ian Healy (born 1964), former Australian Wicket-Keeper
Ian Hecox, comedian with Smosh
Ian Henderson (footballer) (born 1985), current Norwich City F.C. player in the FA Premier League
Ian Henderson (news presenter) (born 1953), Australian news presenter
Ian Henderson (police officer), former head of secret police in Bahrain, accused of torture
Ian Henderson (rugby league), Scottish rugby hooker who plays in Australia
Ian Hennessy (born 1967), Irish soccer player
Ian Hicks (disambiguation), multiple people
Ian Hill, bassist for metal band Judas Priest
Ian Hislop (born 1960), British satirist and editor of Private Eye
Ian Holm (1931–2020), British actor
Ian Ho (swimmer) (born 1997), Hong Kong freestyle swimmer
Ian Hornak (1944–2002), painter
Ian Hunter (actor) (1900–1975), English actor
Ian Hunter (singer) (born 1939), English singer of Mott the Hoople
Ian McLellan Hunter (1915–1991), English screenwriter best known as the front for the blacklisted Dalton Trumbo and who later found himself blacklisted
Ian Huntley, double murderer
Ian Jacobs (academic) (born 1957), English academic, gynaecological oncologist, gynaecologist/obstetrician
Ian Jacobs, Australian kickboxer and 3-time World Kickboxing Champion
Ian James (athlete) (born 1963), Olympic athlete
Ian Jones-Quartey (born 1984), animator
Ian Joyce (born 1985), American soccer player
Ian Kahn (born 1972), American actor
Ian Karmel (born 1984), American stand-up comedian and writer
Ian Kennedy (born 1984), Major League Baseball pitcher
Ian Kershaw (born 1943), English historian
Ian "Lemmy" Kilmister, singer/bass player in Motörhead
Ian Kinsler (born 1982), Israeli-American Major League Baseball All Star second baseman
Ian "Vaush" Kochinski (born 1994), American YouTuber and livestreamer
Ian Koziara, American operatic tenor
Ian Krankie (born 1947), Scottish entertainer
Ian Laperrière (born 1974), Canadian-American hockey player
Ian Lavender (born 1946), English actor
Ian Law (born 1938), Australian footballer
Ian Levy, British Conservative MP for Blyth Valley since 2019
Ian Hideo Levy (born 1950), American author
Ian Livingstone (born 1949), author
Ian Lorimer, television director
Ian Lucas (born 1960), politician
Ian MacArthur (1925–2007), politician
Ian MacDonald (1948–2003), author
Ian Macdonald (barrister) (1939–2019)
Ian MacKaye (born 1962), musician
Ian Mahinmi (born 1986), basketball player
Ian Malcolm (politician) (1868–1944), Member of Parliament (1910-1919)
Ian Martin (disambiguation), multiple people
Ian Matos (1989–2021), Brazilian diver
Ian Matthews (drummer) (born 1971), drummer for Kasabian
Ian Maxtone-Graham (born 1959), television writer and producer
Ian McAteer (born 1961), former gangster from Glasgow
Ian McCaskill (1938–2016), weather forecaster
Ian McCulloch (actor) (born 1939), actor
Ian McCulloch (singer), singer in the band Echo & the Bunnymen
Ian McCulloch (snooker player) (born 1971), snooker player
Ian McDiarmid (born 1944), actor
Ian McDonald (musician), British musician, best known for being a member of both King Crimson and Foreigner
Ian McEwan (born 1948), English novelist and screenwriter
Ian McKay, recipient of the Victoria Cross
Sir Ian McKellen (born 1939), actor
Ian McLagan, English musician, best known for being a member of both Small Faces and Faces
Ian McMillan (footballer) (born 1931), Scottish footballer
Ian McMillan (poet) (born 1956), poet
Ian McShane (born 1942), actor
Ian Messiter (1920–1999), Engglish creator of Just a Minute
Ian Moran (cricketer) (born 1979), Australian cricketer
Ian Moran (born 1972), American hockey player
Ian Morris (footballer), Irish professional footballer
Ian Morrison (disambiguation), multiple people
Ian Morton (born 1970), English cricketer
Ian Mosley, drummer for Marillion
Ian Moss, Australian musician, Cold Chisel
Ian Murdock, computer professional, creator of the Debian project
Ian Nepomniachtchi (born 1990), Russian chess grandmaster
Ian O'Brien (born 1947), swimmer
Ian Oswald Liddell, recipient of the Victoria Cross
Ian Paice, drummer of Deep Purple
Ian Paisley (1926–2014), Protestant politician
Ian Patterson (disambiguation), multiple people
Ian Pearson (badminton) (born 1974), English badminton player
Ian Peck (born 1957), English cricketer
Ian Pooley (born 1973), German DJ
Ian Poulter (born 1976), English professional golfer
Ian Punnett (born 1960), American radio broadcaster and priest
Ian Rankin (born 1960), Scottish novelist
Ian Reed, Australian discus thrower
Ian Reid (disambiguation), multiple people
Ian Richards (disambiguation), multiple people
Ian Richardson (1934–2007), Scottish actor
Ian Robinson (disambiguation), multiple people
Ian Ross (disambiguation), multiple people
Ian Rush (born 1961), Welsh international footballer
Ian Sanders (born 1961), cricketer for Edinburgh, Scotland
Ian Sangalang (born 1991), Filipino professional basketball player
Ian Scheckter (born 1947), former South African F1 driver. Brother of Jody Scheckter and uncle of Tomas Scheckter.
Ian Scott (disambiguation), multiple people
Ian Smith (disambiguation), multiple people
Ian Smith (1919–2007), former Rhodesian Prime Minister
Ian Snell (born 1981), American Major League Baseball pitcher
Ian Somerhalder (born 1978), actor
Ian Stanley (born 1957), British musician
Ian Stannard (born 1987), English cyclist
Ian Stevenson Webster (1925–2002), British judge
Ian Stewart (disambiguation), multiple people
Ian Stone, comedian
Ian Svenonius, American musician
Ian Thomas (American football) (born 1995), American football player
Ian Thomson (disambiguation), multiple people
Ian Thornley (born 1972), Canadian musician
Ian Thorpe (born 1982), Australian swimmer
Ian "Sam" Totman (born 1979), British guitarist
Ian Tyson (1933–2022), Canadian singer-songwriter
Ian Van Dahl, Belgian artist
Ian Veneracion (born 1975), Filipino actor, athlete, pilot, and singer
Ian Walker (sailor) (born 1970), British sailor
Ian Waltz (born 1977), American discus thrower
Ian Watkins (Lostprophets singer) (born 1977), former lead singer of the alternative metal band Lostprophets, and convicted pedophile
Ian "H" Watkins (born 1976), British pop singer and actor, former member of Steps
Ian Weatherhead (born 1932), English watercolor artist
Ian Webster (born 1986), English footballer
Ian West (born 1951), Australian politician
Ian Wilmut (1944–2023), English embryologist, best known for cloning Dolly the sheep
Ian Wilson (disambiguation), multiple people
Ian Wolfe (1896–1992), American actor
Ian Wood (disambiguation), multiple people
Ian Woosnam (born 1958), Welsh golfer
Ian Wright (born 1963), English footballer
Ian Donald Calvin Euclid Zappa (born 1969), birth name of American musician Dweezil Zappa
Ian Ziering (born 1964), American actor
As a middle name
Michael Ian Black (often credited by his full name, born 1971), American comedian
Richard Ian Cox (born 1973), Welsh-Canadian actor, voice actor (including as Ian Kelley on Being Ian), and radio host
Thomas Ian Nicholas (born 1980), American actor and singer
Henry Ian Cusick (born 1967), Scottish-Peruvian actor and television director
As a surname
Janis Ian (born 1951), singer and songwriter
Scott Ian, stage name of Scott Ian Rosenfeld (born 1963), guitarist with the metal band Anthrax
Notable people named Iain
Iain Anders (1933–1997), English actor
Iain Andrews (born 1975), contemporary English painter
Iain Archer, Northern Irish Singer-songwriter musician
Iain Armitage (born 2008), American child actor
Iain Baird (born 1971), Canadian former soccer defender
Iain Ballamy (born 1964), British composer, soprano, alto and tenor saxophone player
Iain Balshaw (born 1979), MBE, English rugby player
Iain Bell (born 1980), English composer
Iain Banks (1954–2013), Scottish writer
Iain Benson (born 1955), legal philosopher, writer, professor and practising legal consultant
Iain Black (born 1967), British Columbia politician
Iain Boal, Irish social historian of technics and the commons
Iain Borden (born 1962), English architectural historian and urban commentator
Iain Brambell (born 1973), Canadian rower
Iain Brines (born 1967), former Scottish football referee in the Scottish Premier League
Iain Brunnschweiler (born 1979), English former cricketer
Iain Canning (born 1979), English film producer
Iain Chambers, English composer, producer and performer
Iain Michael Chambers, British scholar
Iain Cheeseman, Australian scientist
Iain Chisholm (born 1985), Scottish footballer
Iain Clough (born 1965), British slalom canoer
Iain Collings, Australian scientist
Iain Connell (born 1977), Scottish comedian and actor
Iain Coucher (born 1961), British businessman and consultant in the railway industry
Iain Couzin, British scientist
Iain Dale (born 1962), British broadcaster, author and political commentator
Iain Davidson (born 1984), Scottish professional footballer
Iain De Caestecker (born 1987), Scottish actor
Iain Dilthey (born 1971), British film director
Iain Donald Campbell (1941–2014), FRS (1941 – 2014) Scottish biophysicist and academic
Iain Dowie (born 1965), Northern Irish football manager
Iain Duncan (born 1963), Canadian former ice hockey forward
Iain Dunn (born 1970), English former professional footballer
Iain Durrant (born 1966), Scottish footballer
Iain Eairdsidh MacAsgaill (1898—1934), Scottish poet and piper
Iain Evans (field hockey) (born 1981), South African field hockey player
Iain Fairley (born 1973), Scottish rugby union player
Iain Fearn (born 1949), Scottish footballer
Iain Finlay (born 1935), Australian author
Iain Finlayson (alpine skier) (1951–1990), British alpine skier
Iain Glen (born 1961), Scottish actor, noted for his role in TV's Game of Thrones
Iain Gray (born 1957), Leader of Labour in the Scottish Parliament
Iain Harnden (born 1976), Zimbabwean hurdler
Iain Kay (born 1949), Zimbabwean farmer and politician
Iain Lee (born 1973), British comedian, TV presenter and radio presenter
Iain Lindsay (born 1959), British diplomat
Iain Macleod (1913–1970), British politician
Iain Macmillan (1938–2006), Scottish photographer, noted for his image of the Beatles walking across Abbey Road
Iain Matthews (born 1946), formerly known as Ian Matthews, English musician, singer-songwriter, member of Fairport Convention
Iain David McGeachy (1948–2009), birth name of John Martyn, British singer-songwriter and guitarist
Iain McGilchrist (born 1953), psychiatrist, writer, and former Oxford literary scholar
Iain McKenzie (born 1959), Scottish politician
Iain O'Brien (born 1976), New Zealand cricketer
Iain Paxton (born 1957), Scottish rugby player
Iain Robertson (born 1981), Scottish actor
Iain Smith (Scottish politician) (born 1960), Scottish politician
Iain Duncan Smith (born 1954), Leader of the Conservative Party, 2001–2003
Iain Softley (born 1958), film director
Iain Stirling (born 1988), Scottish TV presenter and comedian
Iain Stewart (disambiguation), multiple people
Iain Sutherland (1948–2019), Scottish musician, member of The Sutherland Brothers
Iain Sydie (born 1969), Canadian badminton player
Iain Torrance (born 1949), President of Princeton Theological Seminary and former Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
Fictional people named Ian
Ian – the supporting character from Shinbi's Haunted House anime
Ian – from Shane Jiraiya Cummings' short story "Ian"; every male character the protagonist meets is called Ian
Ian – from Sarah Kane's play Blasted
Ian – from Leprechaun 2
Ian – the protagonist in the manga Not Simple by Natsume Ono
Ian Beale – from the TV soap opera EastEnders
Ian Chesterton – from the TV series Doctor Who
Ian Craig – from the radio soap opera The Archers
Ian the Deer – Elliot's arch-rival in the Open Season movies
Ian Doyle – an Irish terrorist featured on Criminal Minds
Ian Edgerton – FBI agent and sniper from the show Numb3rs
Ian Foot – from the British TV series Come Fly with Me
Ian Gallagher – one of the main characters in the television drama Shameless and its American remake
Ian Grimm - creative director of fictional video game in the television series Mythic Quest
Ian Hainsworth – Susan Delfino's boyfriend in 3rd season of Desperate Housewives
Ian Hawke – the main antagonist in the Alvin and the Chipmunks movies
Ian Howe – an antagonist in National Treasure
Ian Kabra – antagonist of the book series The 39 Clues
Ian Kelley – title character from the Canadian animated series Being Ian, created by Ian James Corlett, voiced by Richard Ian Cox
Ian Lewis and Ian Ketterman (together with dozens of other Ians) – characters created by Lee and Herring; the duo used 'Ian' as their de facto comedy name, in such sketches as the Ian News
Ian Lightfoot – Tom Holland’s character from the film Onward
Ian Malcolm (Jurassic Park) – from Michael Crichton's novel Jurassic Park
Ian (MÄR) – a recurring character in the manga and anime series MÄR
Ian Maxtone-Graham – from the TV series Suddenly Susan
Professor Ian McClaine – adoptive father of Joe 90
Ian McKenzie – the liberal attorney from the novel and the film A Dry White Season
Ian McKinley – from the movie Final Destination 3
Ian Miller – from the movie My Big Fat Greek Wedding
Ian Murray – the nephew of Jamie Fraser in Diana Gabaldon's Outlander series
Ian Nottingham – a character from Witchblade comic and TV series
Ian O'Shea – from Stephenie Meyer's novel The Host
Ian Papov – character and member of the Demolition Boys (also known as the Blitzkrieg Boys) from the anime series Beyblade (2000)
Ian Randall – from the Smallville (TV series), episodes "Dichotic" and "Asylum", a character who had the ability to duplicate himself
Ian Raymond – Laura's boyfriend in the novel and film High Fidelity
Ian Rider – from the Alex Rider books
Ian Schulenburg – unseen husband of Harriet Schulenburg in Green Wing
Ian Scuffling – Tyrone Slothrup's adopted name after he goes into hiding in Thomas Pynchon's Gravity's Rainbow
Ian Slater – from the ABC soap opera All My Children
Ian Thomas – Ryan Merriman's character in the TV series Pretty Little Liars
Janis Ian – from the film Mean Girls
Fictional people named Iain
Iain Sterling, a fictional character in the Android: Netrunner universe
Iain Dean, a fictional character in the Casualty Central universe
See also
John (given name), a common masculine given name in the English language of originally Semitic origin
Eoin
Ioan
Ian (disambiguation)
IANS (disambiguation)
References
English-language masculine given names
Scottish masculine given names
English masculine given names
Masculine given names
Irish masculine given names
Welsh masculine given names
Welsh given names | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian |
Croydon and Sutton is a constituency represented in the London Assembly.
It consists of the combined area of the London Borough of Croydon and the London Borough of Sutton.
Overlapping constituencies
The south of Croydon is traditionally a more Conservative area, while the north of Croydon has traditionally Labour-voting areas. Sutton is competitive between the Liberal Democrats and the Conservatives. The equivalent Westminster seats are:
Carshalton and Wallington (Conservative)
Croydon Central (Labour)
Croydon North (Labour)
Croydon South (Conservative)
Sutton and Cheam (Conservative)
Assembly Members
Mayoral election results
Below are the results for the candidate which received the highest share of the popular vote in the constituency at each mayoral election.
Assembly election results
Notes
References
London Assembly constituencies
Politics of the London Borough of Croydon
Politics of the London Borough of Sutton
2000 establishments in England
Constituencies established in 2000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croydon%20and%20Sutton%20%28London%20Assembly%20constituency%29 |
Phoebe Yates Levy Pember (August 18, 1823 – March 4, 1913) was a member of a prominent American Jewish family from Charleston, South Carolina, and a nurse and female administrator of Chimborazo Hospital at Richmond, Virginia, during the American Civil War. She assumed the responsibility informally at the age of 39 and eventually over 15,000 patients came under her direct care during the war.
Family and early life
Pember was born on August 18, 1823, and raised in Charleston, South Carolina. The fourth of seven children, she was raised in a wealthy and socially prominent Jewish family; her father, Jacob Clavius Levy (son of Moses Levy of Charleston), was a successful merchant, while her mother, Fanny Yates, was the seventh and youngest daughter of Samuel Yates and Martha Abrahams. One of Pember's sisters, Eugenia Levy, married lawyer and congressman Philip Phillips, and would later be twice imprisoned for her support of the Confederate cause. Exemplifying the way in which wealth enabled some antebellum Jewish families to gain full community acceptance, the Levy family moved among Charleston's elite until a series of financial setbacks sent them to Savannah, Georgia, in the late 1840s.
Marriage
Pember apparently received some formal schooling before her 1856 marriage to Bostonian Thomas Pember, who was not Jewish. He died soon after their marriage and by late 1861 she was a childless widow, living with her parents in Marietta, Georgia, where they had fled to escape the ravages of war. Unhappy at home, Pember accepted an invitation to serve at Richmond's Chimborazo Hospital. She reported for duty in December 1862.
The Civil War
A sprawling institution on the outskirts of the city, Chimborazo was reportedly the largest military hospital in the world in the 1860s. By the end of the Civil War, the hospital had cared for some 76,000 patients. Pember served as Chief Matron of one of the facility's five divisions. It was an unusual job for a woman, at a time when virtually all nursing was done by men. Pember's varied duties surely required what one of her contemporaries described as her "will of steel under a suave refinement." Although Pember had to thwart efforts by her staff to pilfer supplies, once reportedly threatening a would-be thief with a gun, she also seems to have been accepted and valued by patients. Lacking adequate food, medicine, and other supplies, often that warm presence was the best that Pember and her staff could offer. Although she dedicated herself to relieving the suffering of soldiers, she was often simply a final companion for the dying.
Despite discrimination, she became responsible for the rationing of whiskey -- considered a vital medicine -- among her many other duties. She kept a pistol handy to deal with resentful men trying to steal her whiskey. Before the allotment became her charge, she wrote in her memoir: "daily inspection... convinced me that great evils still existed under my rule, in spite of my zealous care for my patients. For example, the monthly barrel of whiskey which I was entitled to draw still remained at the dispensary under the guardianship of the apothecary and his clerks, and quarts and pints were issued through any order coming from surgeons under their substitutes, so that the contents were apt to be gone long before I was entitled to draw more, and my sick would suffer for want of the stimulant." Young surgeons continued to try to remove the barrel from her quarters, but she did have the support of her noncommissioned officers and congressional law on her side. "The monthly barrel was an institution and a very important one," Pember wrote. "Indeed, if it is necessary to have a hero for this matter-of-fact narrative the whiskey barrel will have to step forward and make his bow." Whiskey helped keep men alive, and Pember did everything in her power to make sure the "tempted" surgeons never got their hands on it.
Pember remained at Chimborazo until the Confederate surrender in April 1865. She published her memoir soon after the war, in March 1866, serialized in a Baltimore magazine called The Cosmopolite as "Reminiscences of A Southern Hospital. By Its Matron." The memoir would later be published in book form as A Southern Woman's Story: Life in Confederate Richmond, in 1879.
Pember's memoir
There are differences between the book and magazine version: Pember deletes many place names in the book; Pember used much more critical language when describing prominent figures in the magazine; the magazine version is also conspicuously devoid of a major editing effort. The memoir, which details her daily life through anecdotes of the war years, remains one of the best sources for understanding the experiences and ideas of upper-class Southern Jewish women before and during the Civil War. In the memoir, Pember recounts the hostility towards her from male doctors at Chimborazo Hospital.
Death and legacy
Following the Civil War, Pember maintained her elite social status, and traveled extensively through the United States and Europe. In her last years she lived with her niece, Fanny Phillips Hill in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and died on March 4, 1913, of breast cancer at the age of 89. She is buried in Laurel Grove Cemetery in Savannah, Georgia.
Pember's childhood home in Charleston was a bed and breakfast (now closed) at 26 Society Street. The portrait used in the literature is a Sully portrait of her mother, Phoebe Yates Levy.
Notes
References
External links
Reminiscences of a Southern Hospital, by Its Matron (1866) at Civil War Richmond (plain text)
Chimborazo Hospital
The History and Genealogy of the Jewish Families of Yates and Samuel of Liverpool, from materials collected by Stuart M. Samuel, M.P. (1901) at Google Books
1823 births
1913 deaths
Female wartime nurses
Jewish Confederates
Women in the American Civil War
People of Virginia in the American Civil War
People of Georgia (U.S. state) in the American Civil War
People from Savannah, Georgia
People from Charleston, South Carolina
American Jews
Deaths from breast cancer
Deaths from cancer in Pennsylvania
American Civil War nurses
American women nurses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoebe%20Pember |
Josef Stangl (; 12 March 1907 – 8 April 1979) was a Roman Catholic bishop of Würzburg, Germany.
Born in Kronach, Bavaria, Stangl became a priest on 16 March 1930, and he was appointed by Pope Pius XII as Bishop of Würzburg on 27 June 1957.
He approved the exorcism on Anneliese Michel in 1975 and 1976, ordering total secrecy, "after careful consideration and good information" by Father Arnold Renz. She died of malnutrition from almost a year of semi-starvation while the rites of exorcism were performed.
Stangl consecrated Father Joseph Ratzinger, later Pope Benedict XVI, as a bishop on 28 May 1977.
On 8 January 1979, Stangl withdrew as a bishop of Würzburg, and died in Schweinfurt in April 1979.
References
External links
Bishop Stangl at catholic-hierarchy.org
1907 births
1979 deaths
People from Kronach (district)
Roman Catholic bishops of Würzburg
Exorcism in the Catholic Church
Participants in the Second Vatican Council
20th-century German Roman Catholic bishops
Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
20th-century German Roman Catholic priests | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef%20Stangl |
Obuchi is a Japanese surname 小渕. Notable people with the surname include:
Keizo Obuchi (1937–2000), Japanese politician
Yūko Obuchi (born 1973), Japanese politician, daughter of Keizo
Raiju Obuchi (born 2003), Japanese association footballer
Japanese-language surnames | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obuchi |
William Henry Stevenson (1 June 192426 November 2013) was a British-born Canadian author and journalist.
His 1976 book A Man Called Intrepid was about William Stephenson (no relation) and was a best-seller. It was made into a 1979 mini-series starring David Niven. Stevenson followed it in 1983 with another book, Intrepid's Last Case. He published his autobiography in 2012.
In 1976 Stevenson released the book, 90 Minutes at Entebbe.
It was about Operation Entebbe, an operation where Israeli commandos landed at night at Entebbe Airport in Uganda and succeeded in rescuing the passengers of an airliner hi-jacked by Palestinian militants, while incurring very few casualties. Stevenson's "instant book" was written, edited, printed and available for sale within weeks of the event it described.
Bibliography
The Yellow Wind, 1959, Houghton Mifflin Co., , . Reportage on the People's Republic of China between 1954-1957.
The Bushbabies, 1965, Houghton Mifflin Co., , . Children's story inspired by his own family's adventures in Africa.
The Bormann Brotherhood, 1973 (non-fiction)
A Man Called Intrepid, 1976, Harcourt, . (non-fiction)
The Ghosts of Africa, 1980, Harcourt, . Historical fiction set in World War I colonial German East Africa.
Intrepid's Last Case, 1983, Michael Joseph Ltd, . (non-fiction)
Eclipse, 1986 (fiction)
Booby Trap, 1987 (fiction)
Kiss the Boys Goodbye: How the United States Betrayed Its Own POWs in Vietnam, 1990, Dutton, . Co-written with his wife Monika Jensen-Stevenson. (non-fiction)
90 Minutes at Entebbe, Bantam, (non-fiction)
Strike Zion 1967 (non-fiction)
Zanek!; A Chronicle of the Israeli Force (non-fiction)
The Revolutionary King: : the true-life sequel to the King and I, 2001, Constable and Robinson, .
Spymistress: The Life of Vera Atkins, the Greatest Female Secret Agent of World War II, 2006, Arcade Publishing, . (biography)
Past to Present: A Reporter's Story of War, Spies, People, and Politics, Lyons Press, 2012.
References
External links
Publisher's biographical notes in Intrepid's Last Case.
Kiss the Truth Goodbye review at miafacts.com (only in respect of Stevenson's wife, and the existence of that book)
Canadian non-fiction writers
1924 births
2013 deaths
British emigrants to Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Stevenson%20%28Canadian%20writer%29 |
David Alexander Edwards (born 3 February 1986) is a former professional football player who played for Wolverhampton wanderers and Shrewsbury town.
Edwards began his career at hometown club Shrewsbury Town, making his professional debut in 2003. After three full seasons with the team in League Two he moved to Luton Town of League One in July 2007. Due to Luton's financial situation he moved the following January to Wolverhampton Wanderers for a fee believed to be £675,000. Edwards was part of the Wolves teams that won the Championship in 2009 and League One in 2013, and also played three seasons with the club in the Premier League. He totalled 307 games and 44 goals for the club before transferring to Reading in August 2017. In January 2019, he returned to Shrewsbury and after being released went part-time to join Bala Town in the Cymru Premier.
He was capped by the Welsh national team 43 times from 2007 to 2017, scoring three goals. Edwards represented the nation at UEFA Euro 2016, in which Wales reached the semi-finals.
Club career
Shrewsbury Town
Born in Pontesbury, Shropshire, Edwards started as an apprentice at his hometown club, Shrewsbury Town, and made his professional debut in the final match of 2002–03 season as an 83rd-minute substitute for Jamie Tolley in a 2–1 defeat at home to Scunthorpe United on 3 May 2003, as Shrewsbury were relegated from the Football League.
Shrewsbury secured an instant promotion back to the Football League in 2003–04, though Edwards did not play a large role, making just 16 appearances. Upon the club's return to the Football League, Edwards became a regular first-team player, a role he retained for three successive seasons at Gay Meadow.
Towards the end of the 2006–07 season, Edwards was the subject of transfer speculation, after rejecting an offered extension to his Shrewsbury contract. He was then controversially left out of the play-off final against Bristol Rovers by then-manager Gary Peters, despite playing an important role in their run to the final. Shrewsbury lost the match 3–1 at Wembley Stadium and missed out on promotion to League One.
Luton Town
On 26 June 2007, Edwards signed for Luton Town on a three-year contract. As he was under 24, Shrewsbury commanded a compensation fee to cover his youth development. The eventual fee was agreed at a tribunal, but clubs reported differing figures; Luton claiming it was £250,000, with Shrewsbury reporting £250,000 as the initial payment, plus a further £150,000 based on appearances. He made his debut on the opening day of 2007–08, starting in Luton's 2–1 home win over Hartlepool United. Edwards scored his first goal for Luton with the equaliser in a 2–1 away defeat to Swindon Town a week later.
Edwards made 19 league appearances for Luton Town in League One and scored four goals. However, the club was struggling financially and were only able to pay their players' weekly wages twice in three months, hence a 10-point deduction. He became linked with Championship teams Watford and Nottingham Forest after a strong performance in an FA Cup third round match at home to Liverpool. Luton accepted a £675,000 offer from Wolverhampton Wanderers.
Wolverhampton Wanderers
On 14 January 2008, Edwards signed a two-and-a-half-year contract with Wolverhampton Wanderers. Five days after signing, Edwards made a goalscoring debut for the club in a 2–0 win away to Scunthorpe United. However, injuries kept him from playing a regular role in the remainder of the season. He returned fit for the following season, but found new signing David Jones often preferred alongside captain Karl Henry in central midfield; however, Edwards still started half the season's games as they won promotion to the Premier League. Following the conclusion of the season, Edwards signed a new three-year contract with the club.
The midfielder became a regular in the team after promotion, and contributed the winning goal against Fulham in the first home win of the season on 20 September 2009. He suffered ankle ligament damage that December which kept him out for four months, but he recovered to make five appearances in the closing months as the club retained their top-flight status. Edwards' contribution to Wolves in the 2010–11 season was severely hampered by injuries. He signed a new three-year contract with the club, including an option of a one-year extension, and made 12 appearances, scoring once in a 2–1 victory at home to Manchester City, where he scored past his former Shrewsbury teammate, and lodger, Joe Hart.
Edwards suffered two injury setbacks during the 2012–13 season, when he firstly tore his hamstring in December in a 4–1 win away to Bristol City, and after returning to first-team action, suffered a broken foot in the reverse fixture. Edwards remained with the club after they suffered a second consecutive relegation, scoring nine goals as the team won promotion back to the Championship at the first attempt as League One champions. On 13 June 2014, Edwards signed a new two-year contract with the club.
On 8 August 2015, he scored the winning goal in Wolves' first game of the 2015–16 season away to Blackburn Rovers, finishing Nouha Dicko's cross with his hand. Manager Kenny Jackett said after the game that the goal was scored by Edwards' hand, albeit not deliberately. Five days later, he signed a one-year contract extension to last until 2017. On 23 January 2016, Edwards broke the fifth metatarsal in his foot during a 1–1 draw away to Queens Park Rangers, ruling him out for three months. He returned to first-team football on 5 April as a 92nd-minute substitute for Joe Mason in a 2–1 win away to Milton Keynes Dons.
Reading
On 26 August 2017, Edwards signed for fellow Championship club Reading on a two-year contract for an undisclosed fee, reported by the Express & Star as £1 million. He made his debut as a 63rd-minute substitute for Liam Kelly in a 1–0 defeat at home to Bristol City on 9 September. Edwards scored his first goal for Reading on 26 September in a 2–1 defeat away to Millwall. On 3 April 2018 he was sent off for the first time in his 539-game career, after half an hour of a 3–0 loss at Aston Villa.
Return to Shrewsbury Town
Edwards re-signed for League One club Shrewsbury Town on 7 January 2019 on a two-and-a-half-year contract. Four days later he made his second debut in a 3–0 home loss to Charlton Athletic, replacing Oliver Norburn for the final 12 minutes. In his next game on 9 February, he was shown a straight red card for a foul on Chris Lines in a 1–1 draw at Bristol Rovers. Shrewsbury unsuccessfully appealed the dismissal. His season ended in April after six games with an ankle injury in training, and manager Sam Ricketts said that Edwards would improve following a pre-season.
On 12 May 2021 it was announced that he would leave Shrewsbury at the end of the season, following the expiry of his contract.
Bala Town
Following his release from Shrewsbury, Edwards expressed a desire to drop into part-time football. On 10 June 2021, he signed for Cymru Premier side Bala Town. Edwards made a flying start to his Bala Town career, notching 4 goals in his first 6 Cymru Premier matches and establishing himself as a key player for the Lakesiders. Edwards left Bala Town after two years.
International career
Edwards qualifies for Wales through his father from Welshpool. He had previously played for the Wales U17 and U19 teams making his U21 debut against Cyprus on 16 May 2006. He had been selected for the under-21 squad for an earlier friendly against Northern Ireland on 28 February 2006, but missed the match through injury.
His first experience with the senior team was under John Toshack on 12 September 2007, remaining an unused substitute against Slovakia. He made his full international debut on 17 November against the Republic of Ireland at the Millennium Stadium as a 37th-minute substitute for Carl Robinson in a 2–2 UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying match.
On 10 October 2008, Edwards scored the opening goal in a 2010 World Cup qualifier against Liechtenstein, and against Azerbaijan on 6 June 2009. He ended the campaign with two goals. Following Wales' disappointing qualifying campaign, he was called up again for 14 November 2009 friendly against Scotland, a 3–0 win, and opened the scoring with a volley from Aaron Ramsey's assist in the 16th minute.
He retired from international football on 15 March 2018.
Personal life
Edwards attended Pontesbury's Mary Webb School and Science College and shared a house with England international Joe Hart during their days at Shrewsbury Town. Edwards still resides in Pontesbury with his wife Emma and their two children.
In 2015, Edwards and a friend opened a children's indoor soft play centre in Shrewsbury called Little Rascals. In 2017, Edwards launched his charity, The Little Rascals Foundation, aiming to help children with disabilities. The charity launch event, hosted by Jacqui Oatley with guest speaker Kit Symons, in the absence of Wales national football team manager Chris Coleman, was held at the New Meadow, the home of Edwards' hometown club Shrewsbury Town, and raised just under £13,000. He was the first active professional footballer to endorse the Offside Trust, founded after the reveal of the United Kingdom football sexual abuse scandal in 2016.
Edwards wrote an autobiography, Living My Dream, which was released in December 2017. All proceeds went to his foundation.
In December 2021 Edwards, with his ex Shrewsbury Town teammates Sam Aiston and Gavin Cowan, launched the podcast, In The Stiffs.
Career statistics
Club
International
Wales score listed first, score column indicates score after each Edwards goal.
Honours
Shrewsbury Town
Football Conference play-offs: 2004
Wolverhampton Wanderers
Football League Championship: 2008–09
Football League One: 2013–14
References
External links
Profile at the Shrewsbury Town F.C. website
1986 births
Living people
People from Pontesbury
Footballers from Shropshire
English men's footballers
Welsh men's footballers
Wales men's youth international footballers
Wales men's under-21 international footballers
Wales men's international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Shrewsbury Town F.C. players
Luton Town F.C. players
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players
Reading F.C. players
Bala Town F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Premier League players
UEFA Euro 2016 players
English people of Welsh descent
Cymru Premier players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Edwards%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201986%29 |
Body Shock (also: Bodyshock) is a British medical documentary series about the conditions or lives of extraordinary people. It was originally produced by redback for Channel 4 in the UK, but in September 2006, it was taken over by ArkMedia.
There have been three series since December 2003.
The Boy Who Gave Birth to His Twin (Alamjan Nematilaev from Kazakhstan)
Wild Child (also titled Wild Child: The Story of Feral Children in the United States)
Anatomy of a Shark Bite
Riddle of the Elephant Man (Joseph Merrick from the United Kingdom)
The Man Who Ate his Lover (Armin Meiwes from Germany)
The Man Who Slept for 19 Years (Terry Wallis from the United States)
Orgasmatron
The Girl with X-Ray Eyes (Natasha Demkina from Saransk, Russia)
Megatumour (Lucica Bunghez from Romania and Matt Peperell from England)
When Anaesthesia Fails (Anesthetic awareness)
The Curse of the Mermaid (Milagros Cerrón from Peru)
Half Ton Man (Patrick Deuel from the United States)
The 80-Year-old Children (The Hussein family from India)
Born with Two Heads (Manar Maged from Egypt)
The Boy in the Bubble (David Vetter from the United States)
Kill Me to Cure Me (Brett Kehrer from the United States)
World's Biggest Boy (Dzhambulat Khatokhov from Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia)
Half Ton Mum
The Girl with Eight Limbs (Lakshmi Tatma from Bihar, India)
I am the Elephant Man (Huang Chuncai from China)
The Girl with Two Faces (Lali Kumar from India)
Half Ton Son (Billy Robbins from Houston, Texas, United States)
Two Foot Tall Teen (Jyoti Amge, from Nagpur, India)
Age 8 and Wanting a Sex Change
The Girl Who Cries Blood (Twinkle Dwivedi from Lucknow, India)
Our Daughter, the Mermaid (Shiloh Pepin from Maine)
The Twins Who Share A Brain (Krista and Tatiana Hogan from Vernon, Canada)
Dad's Having a Baby (Thomas and Scott Moore from California, US)
The 27 Inch Man (Edwardo Hernandez)
Turtle Boy
World's Tallest Man (Sultan Kösen from Turkey)
The Man with the 10-Stone Testicles (Wesley Warren, Jr. from the United States)
The Girl who Never Ate (Tia McCarthy from the United Kingdom, who suffered from and received corrective surgery for Oesophageal atresia)
References
External links
2003 British television series debuts
2014 British television series endings
2000s British documentary television series
2010s British documentary television series
Channel 4 documentary series
English-language television shows | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body%20Shock |
Zygmunt Gloger (3 November 1845 in Tybory-Kamianka – 16 August 1910 in Warsaw) was a Polish historian, archaeologist, geographer and ethnographer, bearer of the Wilczekosy coat of arms. Gloger founded the precursor of modern and widely popular Polish Tourist and Sightseeing Society (PTTK).
Life
He was a son of engineer and Michalina née Wojno. Under the professional influence of historians and geographers Julian Bartoszewicz as well as Józef Ignacy Krasicki, and later Wincenty Pol and Oskar Kolberg, Gloger voyaged through Poland and Lithuania under the foreign Partitions, and corresponded with many European scholars.
Founder of Towarzystwo Krajoznawcze (the Sightseeing Society, precursor of modern PTTK), in his will Gloger gave his impressive collection to that organization as well as to the Towarzystwo Ethnograficzne (the Ethnographic Society), Towarzystwo Bibliotek Publicznych w Warszawie (Public Libraries Society) and Museum of Industry and Agriculture.
His life's work was the Encyklopedia staropolska ilustrowana (1900-1903), still considered a useful and important book about culture of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. His other works include Obchody weselne (1869), Pieśni ludu (1892), Księga rzeczy polskich (1896), Rok polski w życiu, tradycji i pieśni (1900).
Works
"Encyklopedia staropolska", Zygmunt Gloger, 1900-1903, online
"Dolinami rzek. Opisy podróży wzdłuż Niemna, Wisły, Bugu i Biebrzy" Zygmunt Gloger, 1903, online
See also
List of Poles
References
Further reading
Józefowicz, Anna. 2019. “Zygmunt Gloger’s "Baśnie I powieści" ("Fairy Tales and Stories") – Composition, Characters, Axiology”. In: Bibliotekarz Podlaski 43 (2), 389-410. https://doi.org/10.36770/bp.27.
1845 births
1910 deaths
People from Wysokie Mazowieckie County
Polish nobility
19th-century Polish historians
Polish male non-fiction writers
Burials at Powązki Cemetery | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt%20Gloger |
The California dancer (Argia agrioides) is a damselfly of the family Coenagrionidae, native from Oregon south through California to Arizona, as well as adjacent parts of Mexico.
References
External links
Argia agrioides at AzOdes
Coenagrionidae
Insects described in 1895 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California%20dancer |
The Apple Media Tool was a multimedia authoring tool and associated programming environment sold by Apple in the late 1990s. It was primarily aimed at producing multimedia presentations for distribution on CD-ROM and was aimed at graphic designers who did not have programming experience. It featured an advanced user interface with an object-oriented user model that made production of rich and complex presentations easy. Its competitors were Macromedia Director, Quark Immedia, mTropolis, and Kaleida Labs ScriptX.
History
The AMT system was developed by Patrick Soquet, a developer in Belgium working for Arborescence - a French company that was later acquired by Havas. From 1993 onwards it was marketed by Apple but all development was done by the independent team led by Soquet. In 1996, the development of the tool was taken over by Apple and the 2.1 version of the program was developed in-house by a team of engineers in California led by Dan Crow. In 1997 Apple decided to concentrate its multimedia offerings on QuickTime and HyperCard and the rights to AMT returned to Havas. Patrick Soquet acquired these rights and co-founded Tribeworks and developed a new tool based on AML, called iShell.
Features
The major features of the Apple Media Tool were a graphical authoring tool (AMT itself) and an associated programming environment - the Apple Media Tool Programming Environment (AMTPE) which was a compiler and debugger for the underlying Apple Media Language (AML - also known as the Key language). AMT was notable as one of the first authoring systems to support embedding Apple's pioneering QTVR movie format.
AML is an object-oriented programming language based on Eiffel but specialized for multimedia programming. Although the AMT did not require any programming experience to use, it produced complete AML programs which were then compiled into byte code and interpreted by a runtime interpreter. The AMPTE could be used to enhance the AML code to create more complex programs, for example accessing a database to retrieve media. AML is conceptually similar to Java, with a "write once, run anywhere" approach to cross-platform development: it had runtime interpreters for both the classic Mac OS and Windows platforms.
Awards
1993 MacUser Editor's Choice Award for Best New Multimedia Software
References
External links
Apple Media Tool 2.0 Read Me file
Domain-specific programming languages
Hypertext
Macintosh multimedia software
Authoring systems
Media Tool | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%20Media%20Tool |
, formerly Oriental Light and Magic, is a Japanese animation and film studio headquartered in Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan, founded on October 3, 1990 by former Studio Gallop and OB Planning employees.
Establishment
OLM was founded as Oriental Light and Magic, Inc. on October 3, 1990 by Toshiaki Okuno, Shūkichi Kanda, Shōji Ōta, Kunihiko Yuyama, Naohito Takahashi, Yuriko Chiba, Nobuyuki Wasaki, Tsukasa Koitabashi, and Takaya Mizutani, all of which were formerly affiliated with Studio Gallop or OB Planning. Their name is derived from the American special effects studio Industrial Light & Magic.
In 1995, OLM representative director Toshiaki Okuno founded OLM Digital, which became the main CG work company behind a majority of OLM's works. Toshiaki Okuno stands as both companies' representative director.
Studio structure
Similar to Bandai Namco Filmworks and Bones, OLM is divided into separate production lines that are typically named after the Animation Producer leading the production. As of 2023, the studio operates six separate production lines.
Works
Video games
TV series
Films
Original video/net animations
Specials
Pac's Scary Halloween (2015)
Santa Pac's Merry Berry Day (2015)
Game
Pokémon Black and White 2 Animated Trailer (2012)
Distribution/dubbing
PAW Patrol (2019–present)
Tinpo (2020–present)
D.N. Ace
Notes
References
External links
Japanese animation studios
Animation studios in Tokyo
Mass media companies established in 1990
Japanese companies established in 1990
Setagaya
Imagica Robot Holdings
Video game companies of Japan
Video game development companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLM%20%28studio%29 |
B26, B-26 or B.26 may refer to:
Games
Sicilian Defence, Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings code
Military
BAM B26, a pellet gun manufactured in China
Blackburn B.26 Botha, a British World War II torpedo bomber
Douglas A-26 Invader, an American Cold War bomber, which was designated B-26 from 1948 until 1962
Fokker B 26, a proposed dive bomber derived from the G.I for the Swedish Air Force
Martin B-26 Marauder, an American World War II bomber
Soviet submarine B-26, a Soviet Cold War submarine
Transportation
Bundesstraße 26, a road in Germany
B26 (New York City bus), an American bus route | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B26 |
Adolph Stephan Friedrich Jentsch (29 December 1888 Dresden – 18 April 1977 Windhoek) was a German-born Namibian artist. He studied at the Dresden Staatsakademie für Bildende Künste (Dresden Art Academy, today's College of Fine Arts) for six years, and used a travel grant award to visit France, Italy, UK and the Netherlands. Jentsch moved to Namibia in 1938 to escape the approaching war and lived there until his death. He travelled extensively in Namibia and eventually settled down near Dordabis, about 60 km from the capital Windhoek. He is one of Namibia's most famous painters.
Life and career
Germany
Jentsch was the son of a Lutheran church official, Stephan Jentsch, and his wife Adele. He attended the gymnasium of the Brudergemeine Zinzendorf, at Nieski. Six years of further education followed at Dresden's Staatsakademie fϋr Bildende Künste. Other student artists at the Academy were Max Pechstein, George Grosz and Kurt Schwitters. He was awarded the Königlich-Sächsische Staatsmedaille fur Kunst und Wissenschaft and several travel grants. Later, Jentsch often worked for Otto Gussmann, decorating public buildings.
Jentsch was in the Jäger-Reserve in the First World War, but developed a crippling rheumatism that put him into a military hospital at Neustadt for a year. After the war, he married a young divorcee, Anne Ilgen, in 1920, and together they operated a small factory making spray-containers for perfume. Anne ran the factory while Jentsch painted. A son, Christoph, was born in 1921.
Jentsch illustrated a children's book in 1927, and joined a group of interior decorators in Czechoslovakia. He worked on colour schemes and decorative painting on jobs in Germany and Czechoslovakia.
Namibia
Jentsch's antipathy to National Socialism resulted in a loss of commissions, so he took up an offer to vacation on a friend's (Helmuth Dietterle)farm Kleepforte, in Namibia (then called South West Africa). He arrived in Africa in early 1938, and never left, working in oils and watercolour until his death in 1977.
Jentsch painted landscapes almost exclusively, working in watercolour and oil. He was interested in Oriental philosophy, specifically Taoism, and was influenced by Chinese Art. He travelled extensively in Namibia, staying at many farms and painting the diverse landscapes, but in 1947 he finally settled on a farm near Dordabis called Brack, about 60 km from Windhoek, with his friends Gebhard and Dorothee von Funcke.
Jentsch found the Namibian landscape amenable to his mystic approach to art. His watercolours display the same calligraphic strokes seen in Chinese art. In 1960 Jentsch abandoned oils and worked only in watercolour.
Later life
In the early 1970s he suffered a stroke that left him with a severe tremor and stopped him painting completely. Jentsch and Dorothea von Funcke (whose husband had by now died) moved into a modest house in Windhoek for the last few years of his life.
Five of his paintings were reproduced as stamps in 1973 – the first non-commemorative stamps in South Africa philatelic history.
In 1975, farm workers at Brack, attempting to smoke out a wasp's nest, started a fire next to the old barn where Jentsch stored much of his oeuvre. The barn caught fire and burned down, with the result that the product of 40 years, including some of his most important works, was lost.
Four of Jentsch's watercolours were reproduced in limited editions by Orde Levinson in 1975.
Awards
1913 Königlich-Sächsische Staatsmedaille für Kunst und Wissenschaft.
1958 Order of Merit, First Class, Federal Republic of West Germany.
1962 Medal of Honour for Painting, SA Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns.
Public Collections
Administration of South West Africa
Hester Rupert Art Museum, Graaf-Reinet
Johannesburg Art Gallery
King George VI Gallery, Port Elizabeth
Pietersburg Collection
Pretoria Art Museum
Pretoria University
Rand Afrikaans University, Johannesburg
Rembrandt van Rijn Art Foundation
S.A Association of Arts, Windhoek
S.A National Gallery, Cape Town
South African National Art Gallery, Cape Town
State Museum, Windhoek
UNISA
University of Stellenbosch
William Humphreys Gallery, Kimberley.
Art Exhibitions
1938 : Adolph Jentsch's first one-man exhibition in Southern Africa, Windhoek.
1954 : Venice Biennale
1956 : First Quad of South African Art
1958 : Retrospective Exhibition, Windhoek (70th Birthday); South African Exhibition touring Holland, Germany and Belgium.
1960 Second Quad of South African Art.
1962 : “South West African Artists’, South African National Art Gallery, Cape Town.
1964 : Third Quad of South African Art.
1966 : Republic Fest Exhibition, Pretoria.
1967 : Prestige Exhibition, Johannesburg Art Gallery
1968 : Retrospective Exhibition, SAAA, Windhoek (80th Birthday)
1970/1 : Prestige Exhibition, Pretoria Art Museum
1974 : Retrospective Exhibition, SAAA, Windhoek
Publications
Adolph Jentsch. Die Bilder aus der Zigarrenkiste. 2003, by Peter Strack
Gallery Magazine, Autumn 1984, Adolph Jentsch — Prayers in Paint by Mark A. Meaker
Adolph Jentsch. 1973, by Olga Levinson
Lantern, Vol.3, No.4, April–June, 1954: 'Adolph Jentsch' by Otto Schroder
Lantern, Vol.7, No.1, October, 1957: 'Vyf Kunstenaars uit Suidwes-Afrika'
Adolph Jentsch, SWA.: An appreciation with reproductions of watercolours painted by Jentsch in the surroundings of Brack. Essays by Otto Schroder and P. Anton Hendriks, Swakopmund, 1958 (70th anniversary)
Our Art, Vol.1: Essay by Otto Schroder, 1959
Fontein, Vol.1, No.1, 1960: 'Adolph Jentsch' by Anton Hendriks
Art in South Africa by F. L. Alexander, Cape Town, 1962
South West Africa Annual, 1970: 'Jentsch' by Olga Levinson
Art and artists of South Africa by Esme' Berman, Cape Town, 1970
Film
Jentsch, documentary sound film, 16mm, commissioned by The Friends of the South African National Gallery, Cape Town, 1970. Written and produced by Olga Levinson; filmed by Lewis-Lewis Productions.
References
20th-century German painters
20th-century German male artists
German male painters
Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Landscape artists
German emigrants to Namibia
White Namibian people
Namibian painters
1888 births
1977 deaths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolph%20Jentsch |
The variable dancer (Argia fumipennis) is a damselfly of the family Coenagrionidae. It is native to North America, where it is widespread throughout the east and present in the interior western United States.
The male of the subspecies A. f. violacea (the violet dancer) is purple with a blue tip.
Subspecies
Argia fumipennis has three subspecies:
Black dancer A. f. atra
Smoky-winged dancer A. f. fumipennis
Violet dancer A. f. violacea
References
Coenagrionidae
Odonata of North America
Insects described in 1839 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable%20dancer |
Operation Crimp (8–14 January 1966), also known as the Battle of the Ho Bo Woods, was a joint US-Australian military operation during the Vietnam War, which took place north of Cu Chi in Binh Duong Province, South Vietnam. The operation targeted a key Viet Cong headquarters that was believed to be concealed underground, and involved two brigades under the command of the US 1st Infantry Division, including the 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (1 RAR) which was attached to the US 173rd Airborne Brigade. Heavy fighting resulted in significant casualties on both sides, but the combined American and Australian force was able to uncover an extensive tunnel network covering more than 200 kilometres (120 miles), at the cost of 8 Australians and 14 Americans killed and 29 Australians and 76 Americans wounded.
The operation was the largest allied military action mounted during the war in South Vietnam to that point, and the first fought at division level. Despite some success, the allied force was only able to partially clear the area and it remained a key communist transit and supply base throughout the war. The tunnels were later used as a staging area for the attack on Saigon during the 1968 Tet offensive before they were largely destroyed by heavy bombing from American B-52 bombers in 1970, ending their utility.
Background
Military situation
Although the initial American commitment to the war in Vietnam had been limited to advice and materiel support, by 1964 there were 21,000 US advisors in South Vietnam. However, with the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) weakened by successive defeats at the hands of the communists, the South Vietnamese government faltering, and Saigon threatened with a major offensive, the worsening situation led to a significant escalation of the war in 1965, with a large-scale commitment of US ground troops under the command of General William Westmoreland. At first the Americans had adopted a cautious strategy, applied to the strictly limited role of base defence by US Marine units. This was abandoned in April 1965, and replaced by a new "enclave strategy" of defending key coastal population centres and installations. This strategy required the introduction of nine additional US battalions, or 14,000 troops, to bring the total in Vietnam to 13. Allied nations of the Free World Military Forces were expected to contribute another four battalions.
Westmoreland planned to develop a series of defensive positions around Saigon before expanding operations to pacify the South Vietnamese country-side and as a result a number of sites close to Viet Cong dominated areas were subsequently chosen to be developed into semi-permanent divisional-level bases. Such areas included Di An which was intended to become the headquarters of the US 1st Infantry Division, while the US 25th Infantry Division would be based in the vicinity of Cu Chi. However, large-scale military operations to clear the intended base areas had to wait until the dry season. Yet the allied enclave strategy proved only transitory and further setbacks led to additional troop increases to halt the losing trend. With the situation reaching crisis point during the Viet Cong wet season offensive in June 1965, Westmoreland requested further reinforcement and US and allied forces increased to 44 battalions which would be used to directly bolster the ARVN.
Australia's growing involvement in Vietnam reflected the American build up. In 1963, the Australian government had committed a small advisory team, known as the Australian Army Training Team Vietnam (AATTV), to help train the South Vietnamese forces. However, in June 1965 the decision to commit ground troops was made, and the 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment—originally commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Ivan 'Lou' Brumfield—was dispatched. Supporting 1 RAR was 1 Troop, A Squadron, 4th/19th Prince of Wales's Light Horse equipped with M-113 Armoured Personnel Carriers, artillery from 105th Field Battery, Royal Australian Artillery and 161st Field Battery, Royal New Zealand Artillery, and 161st Reconnaissance Flight operating Cessna 180s and Bell H-13 Sioux light observation helicopters; in total 1,400 personnel. The Australian and New Zealand units were attached to the US 173rd Airborne Brigade under the command of Brigadier General Ellis W. Williamson in Bien Hoa and operated throughout the III Corps Tactical Zone to help establish the Bien Hoa-Vung Tau enclave. Although logistics and resupply were primarily provided by the Americans, a small logistic unit—1st Australian Logistics Company—was situated at Bien Hoa airbase. Unlike later Australian units that served in Vietnam, which included conscripts, 1 RAR was manned by regular personnel only.
Attached to US forces, 1 RAR would primarily be employed in search and destroy operations using the newly developed doctrine of airmobile operations, utilising helicopters to insert light infantry and artillery into an area of operations, and to support them with aerial mobility, fire support, casualty evacuation, and resupply. The battalion commenced operations in late June 1965 and initially focussed on defeating the Viet Cong's wet season offensive. During this time US 173rd Brigade, including 1 RAR, conducted a number of operations into War Zone D—a major communist base area at the junction of Phuoc Long, Long Khanh, Bien Hoa and Binh Duong provinces—as well as in the Iron Triangle, formed by the confluence of the Saigon and Thi Tinh rivers and Route 7, where they fought a number of significant actions including the Battle of Gang Toi on 8 November. Meanwhile, Brumfield was replaced by Lieutenant Colonel Alex Preece, after an old football injury forced his evacuation to Australia in mid-November. During the period 21 November to 16 December 1 RAR was involved in Operation New Life in the La Nga Valley, north-east of Bien Hoa in an attempt to deny the Viet Cong access to the rice harvest. On 24 November D Company, 1 RAR carried out a deliberate attack on the fortified village of Duc Hanh which had been occupied by the Viet Cong, killing 10 and wounding four without loss. Operation Marauder on the Plain of Reeds in the Mekong Delta was subsequently launched on New Years Day 1966.
Prelude
Opposing forces
Located west of the Iron Triangle, the Ho Bo Woods were believed to contain the political-military headquarters of the communist 4th Military Region, which controlled all Viet Cong activity around the South Vietnamese capital, Saigon. Although its precise position was unknown, it was believed to be concealed in an extensive underground bunker system. Agents' reports, the interrogation of prisoners, and aerial surveillance all pointed to the presence of this vital communist facility. The headquarters itself was believed to be located in a area of jungle and marshland, and to have four entrances guarded by a Viet Cong Regional Force company, while two Main Force battalions were also thought to be in the vicinity to afford additional security. Communist units detected in the Ho Bo Woods by allied intelligence included the C306 Local Force Company, 3rd Quyet Thang Battalion and 7th Cu Chi Battalion. The commander of the Cu Chi Battalion was later identified after the war as Captain Nguyen Thanh Linh. In total, local communist defensive strength was believed to include 1,000 men.
In response, a large American 'search-and-destroy' operation was launched in January 1966, involving more than 8,000 troops commanded by the US 1st Infantry Division under Major General Jonathan O. Seaman, including the US 3rd Infantry Brigade, 1st Infantry Division and the US 173rd Airborne Brigade, which was attached to the division for the operation; in total six battalions plus supporting arms. Still attached to the US 173rd Airborne Brigade was the Australian battalion, 1 RAR—now commanded by Preece—with 105 Field Battery in direct support, as well as engineers from 3 Field Troop, Royal Australian Engineers and the M113s from the Prince of Wales Light Horse. At the time it was the largest military operation mounted in South Vietnam, being the first divisional offensive to date. Preceded by a heavy aerial bombardment, the scheme of manoeuvre envisioned an airmobile assault by the US 173rd Brigade in the north and west, while the US 3rd Infantry Brigade would seal off the area to the south, in preparation for a sweep designed to push trapped communist forces eastwards against the Saigon River. 1 RAR's role was to establish a blocking position in a village beside the river on the northern flank of the brigade's area of operations.
In order to achieve tactical surprise, the operation was launched immediately following Operation Marauder, with the Australians and Americans redeployed by air. Prior to the assault, the 1 RAR Operations Officer, Major John Essex-Clarke, conducted an aerial reconnaissance of the proposed Landing Zone—known as LZ June—on 7 January. Observing a lack of ground foliage, he was concerned about the possibility of extensive Viet Cong defensive works close to the LZ, and with the support of Williamson the landing zone was subsequently switched to a less-exposed location. The original plan would have seen 1 RAR inserted directly on top of a heavily defended bunker system, and would have likely resulted in heavy casualties. Captain Alexander "Sandy" MacGregor, the commander of the 3 Field Troop, was of the opinion that the "decision almost certainly saved hundreds of Australian lives."
Battle
Insertion, 8 January 1966
The battle began at 09:30 on 8 January with heavy American preparatory fire from artillery, as well as napalm and airstrikes from B-52 bombers which resulted in significant defoliation. Soon after the airmobile operation commenced with the first American units being inserted by helicopter to the north, west and south. The US 3rd Infantry Brigade—under the command of Colonel William Brodbeck—was subsequently inserted by helicopter and by road. The brigade headquarters and command element departed Di An in convoy and reached Trung Lap on the western boundary of the brigade's area of operations by midday. Concurrently, two battalions were inserted by helicopter to the south-west, one blocking the south side of the Ho Bo Woods while the other conducted a sweep. The Americans were in contact almost immediately, although the engagements were generally small scale, or involving snipers. Meanwhile, the brigade's third battalion moved by road to Trung Lap and then moved on foot to its assigned search area.
In the north, 1 RAR was inserted into its new landing zone—LZ March— to the south-west. With B Company securing the site, the battalion moved on foot to the line of departure but not before they were mistakenly engaged by US helicopter gunships and artillery fire. However, after the Australians established communications, the shelling was halted and they began their advance. No sooner had the lead elements—D Company under the command of Major Ian Fisher—emerged into the cleared area that was originally to have been used as the battalion's LZ, when the forward platoon came under fire from Viet Cong positions in the tree-line on the north-east corner. In the action which followed, six Australians from 12 Platoon were wounded, including platoon commander Lieutenant Jim Bourke, who was shot through the jaw but remained in command until he passed out from loss of blood. Meanwhile, two medics who attempted to move forward to treat the casualties were themselves shot and killed.
Preece moved to push his other companies around each flank of D Company, and towards the battalion's original blocking position. Soon they were also in contact with small groups of Viet Cong from positions behind trees and in bunkers, while others popped up from spider holes and tunnel entrances; it became apparent to the Australians that they had stumbled across a significant Viet Cong force in extensive fortifications, sufficient to hold a battalion. B Company, under the command of Major Ian McFarlane, also uncovered a small dug-in hospital with simple transfusion equipment, documents and bandages. Meanwhile, the remaining battalions of the US 173rd Airborne Brigade had also been inserted. The 1st Battalion, US 503rd Infantry Regiment flew into LZ April at 12:00, while US 2/503rd Battalion arrived at LZ May at 14:30. With the insertion going largely according to plan, the brigades began their advance eastwards. Converging on the suspected location of the communist headquarters, a thorough search of the area yielded little, and it was believed that the Viet Cong had withdrawn earlier in response to the initial Australian advance.
Amid strong resistance, the Australians were made to fight their way through the maze of bunkers, punji stakes and booby traps but they were eventually able to force a Viet Cong regional force company to withdraw as they continued their advance. The area was heavily seeded with trip wires connected to shells and grenades dangling from branches, one of which blew McFarlane and several of his men off their feet. The defenders subsequently withdrew, with 7th Cu Chi Battalion forced north and 3rd Quyet Thang Battalion to the east. Suspecting they were being drawn into a trap—as one of the American battalions of the brigade had been previously during Operation Hump—the Australians moved into a tightly defended perimeter before dark and waited for the communists to counter-attack. As night fell, movement was detected along a trench on the C Company perimeter when a squad of Viet Cong attempted to infiltrate the Australian position. Initially believing the movement to be another Australian patrol that had just departed on a clearing patrol, the machine-gunner on sentry duty finally opened fire at the last safe moment, killing one of the infiltrators at point-blank range and wounding a number of others before they withdrew.
Minor actions continued into the night, with small groups of Viet Cong able to pop up undetected and then disappear at will from within the Australian defensive position. The searching units were unable to locate Viet Cong in large numbers but experienced a significant number of sudden engagements and ambushes throughout the day, and it became clear that the communists were using tunnels for movement and concealment. Preece suspected that the area was honeycombed with tunnels and that the communist headquarters that he had been tasked to destroy was in fact located beneath the feet of the battalion. The Australians were the only battalion in the US 173rd Brigade to strike significant resistance, and by the end of the first day 1 RAR had suffered a total of three killed and 15 wounded, while the artillery Forward Observer from 105 Field Battery had also been killed. The battalion spent a sleepless night and in the early hours of the morning there were a number of short exchanges of fire as small groups of Viet Cong returned to the area. Not wanting to fire the machine-guns for fear of giving their positions away or hitting friendly troops, the Australians resorted to using grenades forward of the perimeter. Meanwhile, in the US 3rd Infantry Brigade area of operations contact had been light, with only six Viet Cong killed.
Tunnels of Cu Chi, 9 January 1966
The process of breaking into and exploring the communist tunnels began on 9 January, with the objective now switching to the location, clearance and destruction of the tunnel complexes. Whereas standard US Army practice was to seal, blow up or otherwise attempt to render tunnel systems unusable with smoke, tear gas and explosives before quickly moving on, the Australians spent the next few days laboriously searching and mapping the complexes they found using military engineers. Led by MacGregor, the Australian sappers from 3 Field Troop systematically tackled the tunnels, using telephone line and compasses to plot the subterranean passages. Small-scale contacts between the communists and the Australians continued and MacGregor was later awarded the Military Cross for his leadership.
Originally constructed in 1945 by the Viet Minh during the fighting with the French in the First Indochina War, the tunnels at Cu Chi had taken decades to build but later had lain dormant after the war until 1960, when they were reactivated. Since then they had endured constant bombing, all the while being expanded. By 1965 they formed an underground maze of passages, fighting tunnels, meeting rooms and food caches, stretching from Saigon to the Cambodian border. Given their headquarters function, the tunnels were equipped with an array of communications and medical facilities and were defended by interlocking arcs of fire and connecting fire tunnels. Dug into hard clay which had largely protected them from American bombing, some trenches were reported as being more deep, and some tunnels as long as , while numerous side tunnels led from the main tunnels. In places the system was between one, two and even three levels deep. The network was so extensive that they were rumoured to be able to hold 5,000 men, many of whom lived underground for up to six months at a time. On seeing the tunnels one American soldier described them at the time as "the New York subway".
In the southern area of operations, the US 3rd Infantry Brigade was making slow progress, with the Viet Cong using hit-and-run and ambush tactics to inflict casualties on the Americans, before withdrawing into the sanctuary of their tunnels. On 9 January, the Americans located and destroyed a cache of medical supplies, a small hospital and a large amount of rice, as well as capturing 30 Viet Cong during a series of skirmishes. To the north, while 1 RAR searched the tunnel complex the American battalions of the US 173rd Airborne Brigade continued to sweep their area of operations, with a number of friendly fire incidents complicating their task. Both the US 1/503rd and US 2/503rd Battalions searched eastward toward the Saigon River and, although they continued to find supply caches and abandoned positions, they were involved in only minor skirmishes with the Viet Cong. Concealed in well-camouflaged ambush positions however, the communists inflicted a number of casualties on the Americans. Only one Viet Cong was killed during the fighting, bringing the total for the operation to just 22. Despite the large number of US troops involved they had experienced only limited contact to that point, and criticism of the operation consequently began to mount in the American media.
Fighting intensifies, 10–11 January 1966
The Australians continued to explore the tunnels, finding a large quantity of documents and equipment, and by 10 January they had recovered 59 weapons, 20,000 rounds of ammunition, 100 fragmentation grenades, one 57 mm recoilless rifle, explosives, clothing and medical supplies. At least 11 Viet Cong had also been killed in the fighting. Contact also continued, and overnight the Australians killed another five Viet Cong outside their perimeter, while numerous actions occurred during the day as the US 173rd Brigade maintained its sweep. On 10 January at 09:00 the American cavalry from Troop E, US 17th Cavalry Regiment and the Australians from the Prince of Wales Light Horse commenced a combined search operation and fought communist snipers and small groups throughout most of the day. At 14:00 a number of Viet Cong dug-in in trenches were encountered, and following a series of air-strikes and artillery barrages, the cavalry and the Australian M113s swept the area during which several Australians were slightly injured by a misdirected US Navy air-strike. Sixteen Viet Cong bodies were subsequently recovered, and another 60 were believed to have been killed but had been removed from the battlefield.
Williamson subsequently ordered the US 1/503rd Battalion—under the command of Lieutenant Colonel John Tyler—to change the direction of its advance. During the morning the battalion had conducted platoon-sized patrols south, south-west and west, locating a well-constructed defensive position, including bunkers and trenches connected by tunnels. With no contact as yet made with the Viet Cong, the battalion prepared to move to a new AO in the north by 13:30. During this move the battalion, and armour from Troop D, US 16th Cavalry Regiment, engaged a dug-in Viet Cong Main Force company less than west of the Australians. Following air-strikes and heavy artillery bombardment the communists withdrew, leaving 29 dead during a sharp engagement. The US 2/503rd Battalion had also sent out a number of squad-sized patrols during the day, but no recent signs of Viet Cong activity were found, and only minor sniper fire encountered. However, like the Australians, the American paratroopers also uncovered a large number of tunnels and other fortifications.
Meanwhile, the US 3rd Brigade continued to make slow progress and, despite reaching the banks of the Saigon River by 10 January, only a few brief glimpses of the Viet Cong had been made. A small base camp was discovered and destroyed however, while another battalion captured more than 10 tons of rice and 15 bales of cotton. The following day the Americans found and destroyed more bunkers and a number of houses and sampans, as well as quantities of supplies and food. They also uncovered a tunnel complex and a quantity of maps, charts and documents, although still little resistance was met. During these actions the Americans lost more men to booby traps than enemy fire. Advancing on a front, troops from the 1st Battalion, US 28th Infantry Regiment—commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Robert Haldane—took a number of casualties from snipers, although the source of the fire was not immediately obvious. The Viet Cong attempted to avoid a set piece battle, opting instead to disperse into small groups to fight from their spider-holes and tunnels and only choosing to engage the Americans at close range with small arms, which included old Russian K-44 rifles. Despite suffering a number of casualties the Americans continued to advance, calling in artillery fire. Such tactics proved largely ineffective though and the Commanding Officer of US 2/28th Battalion, Lieutenant Colonel George Eyster, was himself shot and killed by a sniper during the fighting. Regardless, after receiving word of the discovery of the tunnels by US 173rd Airborne Brigade to their north, the brigade began another sweep.
The US 3rd Brigade subsequently also uncovered a significant tunnel complex, after Sergeant Stewart Green from US 1/28th Battalion accidentally sat down on a nail and uncovered a trap door on 11 January. Volunteering to enter the tunnel, Green then located an underground dispensary occupied by more than 30 Viet Cong who subsequently escaped. Later a smoke machine was used to pump smoke into the tunnel system, and this was successful in locating numerous tunnel entrances and bunkers as the smoke rose above the jungle canopy. They were the first American troops to enter the tunnels, and they proceeded to attack them with CS gas, and later explosives. However, such tactics met with limited success with the tear gas flushing out large numbers of women and children, but few Viet Cong. Led by Green, a squad of Americans equipped with flashlights, pistols and a field telephone penetrated over of the tunnel system before becoming involved in a fire-fight with the Viet Cong. Wearing gas-masks the Americans threw gas grenades and fought their way back to the tunnel entrance, but one soldier became lost in the darkness and Green re-entered the tunnel to find him. The Viet Cong subsequently withdrew.
Yet even as the Americans were attempting to clear the tunnels, heavy hand-to-hand fighting broke out above ground and Haldane was later awarded the Silver Star for his actions when he rushed a bunker while under fire armed only with a pistol, in order to give first aid to a number of wounded soldiers. His courage inspired his men to complete the assault, and ultimately helped ensure the successful evacuation of the casualties and the capture of their objective. That evening the battalions of US 3rd Infantry Brigade had completed searching their assigned area of operation, and the following morning they were withdrawn from the operation. The brigade's involvement in Crimp had been limited, losing six killed and 45 wounded, while 22 Viet Cong had been killed. It was subsequently redeployed on Operation Buckskin.
Crimp continues, 12–13 January 1966
As they had done previously, the communists continued to attempt to infiltrate the 1 RAR perimeter during the night, and a minor clash with an Australian standing patrol occurred at dawn. Over the next two days, operations to exploit the tunnels continued, with the US 173rd Brigade and the Australians involved in a number of contacts, as well as suffering from sporadic sniper and mortar fire. Significant quantities of documents, equipment and rice were captured however, and large numbers of civilians detained for questioning. On 12 January, 1 RAR continued its patrolling program and one patrol subsequently located 15 tons of rice and destroyed it after killing six Viet Cong during a 20-minute battle. The task was complicated by the presence of a large number of civilians, and many were found hiding in shelters and tunnels. They had to be coaxed out of hiding by the Australians and transported to a refugee camp which had been established nearby. Another patrol from 11 Platoon later uncovered a tunnel system just from their position, and found it to be occupied by a large Viet Cong force after a dog and its handler were sent into the tunnel to investigate. Eight Viet Cong were subsequently killed after the tunnel was destroyed by Australian engineers.
The same day, however, the Australian efforts to clear the tunnels had suffered a setback after an engineer, Corporal Robert "Bob" Bowtell, became stuck in a trap door between one underground gallery and another, more than below the surface. Despite the efforts of his comrades, he could not be recovered and died from asphyxiation after being overcome by a combination of tear gas, carbon monoxide, and lack of oxygen when he dislodged his respirator during the struggle to free himself. After days of living in close proximity to the enemy, the constant strain of sniper fire and the pressure of searching the tunnels was also beginning to take its toll, and a number of Australians were killed and wounded in otherwise avoidable friendly fire incidents on the evenings of 10 and 12 January. During the early afternoon of 12 January the Australians encountered a large group of armed Viet Cong during a tunnel clearance and called on them to surrender. However, they failed to emerge and the tunnel was subsequently demolished, probably killing eight Viet Cong who were believed to have been entombed as it collapsed.
Meanwhile, the same day Haldane ordered US 1/28th Battalion to closely explore the tunnels in their area of operations, uncovering a number of chambers and trapdoors defended by grenades and booby traps. A Company subsequently located another tunnel system after an American was killed by a Viet Cong soldier who suddenly appeared out of a large anthill. Later, as the 1/503rd continued to search its area with platoon-size patrols during the afternoon of 13 January, a clash between Company C and a Viet Cong platoon developed into a heavy contact. An air-strike was successfully called in by the Americans however, and a search of the area recovered 10 dead Viet Cong, while blood trails and human remains indicated that perhaps another 20 were also killed.
Action concludes, 14 January 1966
Ultimately, more than of tunnels had been uncovered and searched by the Australians. A large quantity of documents had been recovered, including more than 100,000 pages detailing operational structure as well as the names of agents operating in Saigon. Ninety weapons were also captured, as well as thousands of rounds of ammunition and enough equipment, food and other supplies to fill eight 2½-tonne trucks. Although the US battalions had played a large part in the operation and had also uncovered numerous tunnel systems and been involved in heavy contact, by the fortunes of war 1 RAR had been allocated the area of operations that was ultimately found to contain the Viet Cong headquarters. The Australians had even partially searched the tunnel leading to the headquarters that was their objective, but did not learn how close they had come to succeeding until decades after the war had ended. During the course of these activities the searchers had suffered a number of additional fatalities from Viet Cong snipers.
Fully exploring and destroying the tunnels was well beyond the allied resources available, and the decision was eventually made to call a halt to operations. Six days after it began, Operation Crimp ended, with 1 RAR returning to Bien Hoa on 14 January. By the time the operation was concluded only a fraction of the known tunnel network had been destroyed and it was not until after the war that it was learnt that the system at Cu Chi actually included more than of tunnels. Although further American ground operations as well a number of heavy B-52 bombing raids resulted in further damage to the tunnel complexes, the Ho Bo Woods were never occupied on a permanent basis and the Viet Cong were successful in restoring their transit and supply functions. As such, despite significant disruption, the military and political apparatus in Cu Chi remained largely intact, allowing the communists freedom of action for later operations against Saigon.
Aftermath
Casualties
During the fighting the Australians had faced stiff resistance and had suffered eight killed and 29 wounded, while claiming 27 Viet Cong killed and a further 30 probably killed. The Americans had also been involved in heavy fighting and their casualties included 14 killed and 76 wounded. Total communist casualties included 128 confirmed killed, and another 190 probably killed, as well as 92 captured and another 509 suspects detained. In addition many more Viet Cong were thought likely to have perished in the tunnels as they were collapsed by charges laid by the Australian engineers. The Americans later claimed that the headquarters of the communist 4th Military Region had also been destroyed. Due to the quantity of information recovered from the thousands of captured documents alone, the battle was later described as the first allied strategic intelligence victory of the war. So significant was the find that both Westmoreland and General Joseph McChristian, the head of Intelligence at MACV, visited 1 RAR during Operation Crimp. Allied operations against the communist tunnels had been largely ad hoc, and the Australians began to develop the earliest techniques for exploring and destroying them. Later, at least partially as a result of the success of the Australians in clearing some of the shorter tunnels, American units adopted similar tactics and created a number of tunnel-clearance teams, known popularly as Tunnel Rats.
Assessment
Despite the losses suffered by the communists, the combined American and Australian force had only succeeded in partially clearing the area and the tunnel network it concealed, and consequently the Ho Bo Woods would remain a key communist transit and supply base throughout the war. The bulk of the communist force had successfully withdrawn intact, leaving only rear guard elements in defence, prompting the communists to also declare the operation a victory, claiming almost 2,000 American troops killed or wounded, 100 vehicles destroyed, and 50 aircraft shot down. Yet, such claims were based on estimates of casualties caused by command-detonated mines, punji sticks and other booby traps, and proved to be wildly inaccurate. In fact Operation Crimp had rattled the communists, and they subsequently ordered their units in the south to prevent the Americans from concentrating their forces in the future. Regardless, it also highlighted the inherent weakness of the search-and-clear operations that would later become standard operating procedure for the US Army in Vietnam. The Ho Bo Woods were again targeted by the Americans in January 1967, during a much larger operation known as Operation Cedar Falls. However, despite heavy casualties again being inflicted on the Viet Cong, the tunnels continued to remain a problem for the Americans and they were later used as a communist staging area for the attack on Saigon during the 1968 Tet offensive. Finally in 1970, American B-52 bombers carried out a number of heavy air-strikes on the area, dropping thousands of delayed-fuse bombs that buried deep into the ground before exploding, ending the tunnels' utility. Operation Crimp was 1 RAR's third and last foray into the communist heartland and following the fighting they had more than two weeks rest in Bien Hoa—their longest break from operations during the battalion's tour. Further operations followed in the months afterwards, including the Battle of Suoi Bong Trang on the night of 23–24 February 1966.
Subsequent operations
At the strategic level the ARVN and the South Vietnamese government had both rallied after appearing on the verge of collapse and the communist threat against Saigon had subsided, yet additional troop increases were required if Westmoreland was to adopt a more offensive strategy, with US troop levels planned to rise from 210,000 in January 1966 to 327,000 by December 1966. The Australian government increased its own commitment to the ground war in March 1966, announcing the deployment of a two battalion brigade—the 1st Australian Task Force—with armour, aviation, engineer and artillery support; in total 4,500 men. Additional Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) and the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) force elements would also be deployed and with all three services total Australian strength in Vietnam was planned to increase to 6,300 personnel. 1 RAR was subsequently replaced by 1 ATF which was allocated its own area of operations in Phuoc Tuy Province, thereby allowing the Australians to pursue operations more independently using their own counter-insurgency tactics and techniques. The task force arrived between April and June 1966, constructing a base at Nui Dat, while logistic arrangements were provided by the 1st Australian Logistics Support Group which was subsequently established at the port of Vung Tau.
Notes
Footnotes
Citations
References
External links
Conflicts in 1966
1966 in Vietnam
Battles and operations of the Vietnam War in 1966
Battles involving Vietnam
Battles and operations of the Vietnam War
Battles of the Vietnam War involving Australia
Battles involving the United States
January 1966 events in Asia
History of Bình Dương province | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation%20Crimp |
Christine Malèvre (born January 10, 1970) is a former nurse who was arrested in 1998 on suspicion of having killed as many as 30 patients. She confessed to some of the murders, but claimed she had done so at the request of the patients, who were all terminally ill. France, however, does not recognize a right to die, and Malèvre eventually recanted most of her confessions. The families of several of her victims strongly denied that their relatives had expressed any will to die, much less asked Malèvre to kill them.
Charges
Malèvre initially admitted to assisting in the deaths of 30 terminally ill patients at François Quesnay Hospital in Mantes-la-Jolie. She later recanted, stating that she had made her original confession under duress. Although originally charged with the lesser charge of manslaughter, Malèvre's charge was upgraded to murder, following a report stating that she had a “morbid fascination” with death and patients were three to four times more likely to die during her duty periods.
According to Olivier Morice, a lawyer for families of five patients who had died in Malèvre's care, the charge of murder came about because the judge had realized “we are dealing with a serial killer more than with a Madonna of euthanasia”.
Shortly after her release on bail, Malèvre tried unsuccessfully to commit suicide by overdosing on drugs.
Trial
Malèvre went on trial in Versailles on 20 January 2003 on charges of murdering seven gravely ill patients between 1997 and 1998. She faced up to life in prison. She admitted to having killed four patients by injecting them with lethal doses of morphine, potassium or other drugs, but denied being responsible for the other three deaths. She stated that her reason for lethally injecting these patients was because the patients requested to die, and she helped them to do so out of compassion. In a book she later wrote, called “My Confession”, Malèvre stated “I helped people to end their suffering and depart in peace. I did not kill. I am not a criminal.”
Prosecutors did not agree with her statement. Having been nicknamed "the black widow" by her colleagues, prosecutors told the court that Malèvre's motives for ending the lives of her patients were not merciful, but rather due to her morbid fascination with death and illness; by killing these patients, she was satisfying her compulsions. Families of the deceased also went on the record agreeing with the prosecution that Malèvre killed for her own good, not for the good of her patients, denying that their relatives had ever asked to die, statements which would later turn many of Malèvre's supporters against her.
Sentencing
After a four-hour deliberation, Malèvre was sentenced to ten years' imprisonment for the murder of six of the seven patients she was accused of killing. She was also permanently banned from working as a nurse.
Public opinion controversy
France disallows euthanasia, unlike its neighbors, Belgium and the Netherlands. Malèvre's arrest raised a national debate over the case itself as well as over the controversial topic of euthanasia in France. The country was divided between strong Roman Catholic hostility towards euthanasia and mounting pressure from the liberals to decriminalize assisted suicide.
After initially admitting to having helped 30 gravelly-ill patients kill themselves, Malèvre received an outpouring of support from both the public and from ministers. She received over 5,000 letters from the public showing support and appreciation for her acts of compassion, and health minister Bernard Kouchner stated that people should avoid hasty moral judgement when it came to Malèvre's case.
The media were also generally sympathetic toward Malèvre, whom they described as a model nurse who was helping terminally-ill patients to end their own lives. However, once details of the case were leaked by judges and family members, public opinion seemed to turn against Malèvre These leaks stated that the terminally-ill patients had neither wanted nor asked her to aid in their suicides. The principal French association supporting the right to die immediately dropped its support for Malèvre. Public opinion quickly turned against her to support the prosecution's opinion that she did not help her patients, but rather was a serial killer who murdered them to satisfy her own compulsions.
See also
List of serial killers by number of victims
References
External links
BBC News
United Press International
1970 births
French female serial killers
French people convicted of murder
French women nurses
Living people
Medical serial killers
Nurses convicted of killing patients
People convicted of murder by France
Poisoners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine%20Mal%C3%A8vre |
Macuata Open is a former electoral division of Fiji, one of 25 open constituencies that were elected by universal suffrage (the remaining 46 seats, called communal constituencies, were allocated by ethnicity). Established by the 1997 Constitution, it came into being in 1999 and was used for the parliamentary elections of 1999, 2001, and 2006. The electorate was located in north-eastern Vanua Levu, and has been a stronghold of the Fiji Labour Party (FLP) since its inception.
The 2013 Constitution promulgated by the Military-backed interim government abolished all constituencies and established a form of proportional representation, with the entire country voting as a single electorate.
Election results
In the following tables, the primary vote refers to first-preference votes cast. The final vote refers to the final tally after votes for low-polling candidates have been progressively redistributed to other candidates according to pre-arranged electoral agreements (see electoral fusion), which may be customized by the voters (see instant run-off voting).
1999
2001
2006
Sources
Psephos - Adam Carr's electoral archive
Fiji Facts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macuata%20East%20%28Open%20Constituency%2C%20Fiji%29 |
Ealing and Hillingdon is a constituency represented in the London Assembly.
It consists of the combined area of the London Borough of Ealing and the London Borough of Hillingdon.
Overlapping constituencies
The constituency contains all of the following UK Parliament constituencies after the 2019 General Election:
Ealing Central and Acton (Labour), Rupa Huq MP
Ealing North (Labour and Co-operative), James Murray MP
Ealing Southall (Labour), Virendra Sharma MP
Hayes and Harlington (Labour), John McDonnell MP
Uxbridge and South Ruislip (Conservative), Steven Tuckwell MP
Additionally it contains part of one other constituency:
Ruislip, Northwood and Pinner (Conservative), David Simmonds MP
Assembly Members
Mayoral election results
Below are the results for the candidate which received the highest share of the popular vote in the constituency at each mayoral election.
Assembly election results
References
London Assembly constituencies
Politics of the London Borough of Ealing
Politics of the London Borough of Hillingdon
2000 establishments in England
Constituencies established in 2000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ealing%20and%20Hillingdon%20%28London%20Assembly%20constituency%29 |
In politics and government, lapsed power is a term often used to describe a certain constitutionally granted power of government that is no longer used, according to constitutional convention. This may be because the power's original conditions of use no longer exist, making it an anachronism, or simply because the nation's political culture and attitudes have shifted, making the power appear too morally or ethically objectionable to use. However, the power still exists.
Examples of lapsed powers include the reserve powers of a monarch under a constitutional monarchy. Constitutional monarchs have significant powers over matters such as the appointment of the prime minister or the veto of legislation, but in practice these powers are rarely actually used independently.
Comparative public law scholar Richard Albert has theorized a related phenomenon he calls "constitutional desuetude," which occurs "when an entrenched constitutional provision loses its binding force upon political actors as a result of its conscious sustained nonuse and public repudiation by preceding and present political actors."
See also
Regionalism (politics)
References
Political terminology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapsed%20power |
Marjorie Joyner (née Stewart; October 24, 1896 – December 27, 1994) was an American businesswoman, hair care entrepreneur, philanthropist, educator, and activist. Joyner is noted for being the first African-American woman to create and patent a permanent hair-wave machine. In addition to her career in hair care, Joyner was highly visible in the African-American community in Chicago, once serving as head of the Chicago Defender Charity network, helping organize the Bud Billiken Day Parade and fundraiser for various schools.
Biography
Early life and education
Born in 1896 in Monterey, Virginia, Joyner was the daughter of George Emmanuel Stewart, a teacher and Annie Stewart (née Daugherty). Joyner was the granddaughter of a slave and a white slave-owner. Joyner's family relocated to Dayton, Ohio in 1904 and her parents divorced three years later. After the divorce of her parents, Joyner lived with various relatives between Ohio and Virginia. In 1912, aged 16, Joyner relocated to Chicago, Illinois to live with her mother. After arriving to Chicago, Joyner received a certificate for dramatic art and expression from Chicago Musical College in 1914. Joyner began studying cosmetology, graduating A.B. Moler Beauty School in 1916, becoming the first African American to graduate from the school. Joyner later received her high school diploma in 1939. In 1973, at the age of 77, Joyner was awarded a bachelor's degree in psychology from Bethune-Cookman College.
Career
Shortly after graduating from beauty school, Joyner opened her salon. Joyner later met Madam C. J. Walker, an African American beauty entrepreneur, and the owner of a cosmetic empire. Joyner worked for Walker as a sales representative. In 1920, Joyner oversaw 200 of Madam Walker's beauty schools as the national adviser. Joyner taught some 15,000 stylists and served as an instructor to coaching Walker's sales representatives door-to-door. After her time with Walker beauty schools, Joyner served as a leader in developing new products, such as her permanent wave machine. Joyner helped write the first cosmetology laws for the state of Illinois in the early 1940s. On October 27, 1945, Joyner, along with renowned educator, Mary McLeod Bethune and U.S. congressman William Dawson, founded a sorority and fraternity dedicated to the advancement and promotion of the beauty industry, Alpha Chi Pi Omega. In 1945, Joyner along with Mary McLeod Bethune founded the United Beauty School Owners and Teachers Association, a national association for African-American beauticians. In the 1940s, Joyner was an advisor to the Democratic National Committee and advised several New Deal agencies trying to reach out to African-American women.
Permanent wave design
In 1919, Joyner started looking for an easier way for women to curl their hair, taking her inspiration from a pot roast cooking with paper pins to quicken preparation time. Joyner experimented initially with these paper rods and soon designed a table that could be used to curl or straighten hair by wrapping hair. This method allowed hairstyles to last several days. At the beginning of her invention, there were complaints from people that it was uncomfortable.
That was when Joyner improved it with the simple idea of having a scalp protector while the lady is curling her hair. Her patent for this design, (U.S. pat. #1,693,515) established her as the first African American woman to receive a patent. This claim is disputed by some who say that Sarah E. Goode was the first African American woman to hold a patent. It is sometimes falsely cited that Joyner was the original inventor of this type of the machine, called the permanent wave, or perm. Joyner's design was an alternative version of Karl Nessler's groundbreaking invention, invented in England during the late 19th century and patented in London in 1909 and again in the United States in 1925. () Joyner's design was popular in salons with both African American and white women. The patent was credited to Walker's company and she received almost no money for it.
Personal life and death
Joyner was married once and had two children. On April 4, 1916, aged 19, she married podiatrist Robert E. Joyner. They remained married until his death in 1973. Together, they had two daughters, Anne and Barbara Joyner. Joyner died on December 27, 1994, of heart failure at her home in the Bronzeville neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois, aged 98.
Legacy
In 1987, the Smithsonian Institution in Washington opened an exhibit featuring Joyner's permanent wave machine and a replica of her original salon. On October 24, 1990, Joyner's 95th birthday, she was honored by the city of Chicago, proclaiming her birthday Marjorie Stewart Joyner Day within the city. Currently, her papers reside in the Vivian G. Harsh Research Collection of African-American History and Literature at the Chicago Public Library.
See also
African-American business history
List of African-American inventors and scientists
Timeline of United States inventions
References
External links
Joyner on Black Inventors
About.com entry for Marjorie Joyner
1896 births
1994 deaths
African-American inventors
20th-century American inventors
American cosmetics businesspeople
American make-up artists
Bethune–Cookman University alumni
Businesspeople from Illinois
Businesspeople from Virginia
Madam C. J. Walker
People from Highland County, Virginia
African-American businesspeople
African-American women in business
Women inventors
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American businesswomen | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjorie%20Joyner |
Steve The First was a four-part dark comedy set in a post-apocalyptic future, broadcast on CBC Radio One in 2005. It ran on Saturday mornings from 11:30 - 12:00pm (half an hour later in Newfoundland).
Steve, a young slacker, emerges from an underground vault after a year spent reading a lengthy novel, and discovers he has missed a nuclear war (thereby surviving it unharmed) in the interim. Exploring the "post-popocalyptic" world, where animals have mutated into menacing giant creatures, fire now rains from the skies instead of water, dogs explode from human contact, and people melt when exposed to sunlight, Steve discovers latent telepathic abilities, and uses them to communicate with the one dog he meets who can tolerate human company.
Steve takes shelter at the home of Colleen, who hides her deceased parents from the "dead collectors"; roving children who claim melted corpses. They begin a relationship, which leads to Colleen's cure from melting when they become intimate. This frustrates Phil Green, an evil politician who sees his chances of becoming mayor of Toronto greatly enhanced by the death of his opponents, and has assigned two assistants to stalk Colleen, whom he strongly desires.
A bizarre power struggle develops as Steve bumbles his way into folk heroism, helping to reclaim civilization for the common people as Phil tries to harness surviving resources to take ultimate control.
All of this is ostensibly told from the point of view of a storyteller who is recounting the tale 1,000 years later.
A sequel, Steve, The Second, was aired early in 2006.
Steve The First was written by Matt Watts, who also starred in the episodes.
Crew
Tom Anniko directed all four episodes. Joe Mahoney recorded and mixed every episode and also served as the series story editor.
Anton Szabo performed all the sound effects.
Tom Anniko was also the Executive Producer.
References
External links
Matt Watts CBC Program Guide
Review of Steve the First SFF Audio
Interview with Matt Watts Gloryosky
CBC Radio One programs
Canadian comedy radio programs
Canadian radio dramas
Canadian science fiction radio programs
2000s Canadian radio programs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%2C%20The%20First |
Urban Tapestry is a three-woman band based in Toronto, Ontario that performs filk music, composed by Debbie Ridpath Ohi, Allison Durno, and Jodi Krangle. As a group, they won the 'Best Performer' Pegasus Award in both 1997 and 2004.
Urban Tapestry has released three albums between 1994 and 2003.
Discography
Castles and Skyscrapers, 1994. Cover art by Ruth Ohi
Myths and Urban Legends, Dodeka Records, 1997. Cover art by Beckett Gladney
Sushi and High Tea, Dodeka Records, 2003. Cover art by Beckett Gladney
References
External links
Urban Tapestry's official homepage
Urban Tapestry
Musical groups from Toronto
All-female bands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban%20Tapestry |
The pallid-winged grasshopper (Trimerotropis pallidipennis) is a common grasshopper of the family Acrididae, native to the deserts of western North America along with South America, ranging from British Columbia to Argentina. They are more active during the summer months, and their pale, mottled coloration makes them hard to see against surfaces such as the granite often found in the gravel of dry river beds. They grow to be . The behavior of the pallid-winged grasshopper is apparently determined by temperature, with foraging occurring at temperatures of and mating at .
Populations of the pallid-winged grasshopper occasionally irrupt to damaging numbers. Between 1952 and 1980, there were six outbreaks in Arizona, only one of which lasted more than one year.
References
Oedipodinae
Orthoptera of North America
Insects of South America
Insects described in 1838 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallid-winged%20grasshopper |
The Islamic Front for Armed Jihad (French name, Front Islamique du Djihad Armé, hence the abbreviation FIDA) was a militant Islamist organization active during the Algerian Civil War. It called for the violent overthrow of the secular Algerian government, and a system of government based on shari'a law.
On July 21, 1996, it merged under the auspices of Mustapha Kartali with the Movement for an Islamic State (MEI) and splinter factions of the Groupe Islamique Armée (GIA) to form the Islamic Movement for Preaching and Jihad (MIPD).
Factions of the Algerian Civil War
Jihadist groups in Algeria | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic%20Front%20for%20Armed%20Jihad |
Adi ibn Hatim al-Tai () was a leader of the Arab tribe of Tayy, and one of the companions of Muhammad. He was the son of the poet Hatim al-Tai. Adi remained antagonistic to Islam for about twenty years until he converted to Islam in 630 (9th year of Hijri).
Biography
Adiyy inherited the domain of his father and was confirmed in the position by the Tayy people. He received a quarter of any amount they stole in raiding expeditions.
Before Islam
Adi said that before being preached to by Muhammad he practiced Rakusiyya, a syncretic sect which adhered to teachings of both Christianity and Judaism, or a syncretic mixture of Christianity and Sabian religion.
Clément Huart has theorized this sect was linked to Manichaeism due to its syncretic nature. According to Khalid Basalamah, the sect was regarded as heretical by the official Eastern Orthodox Church of the Byzantine Empire, so Adi practiced it in secrecy, fearing persecution from his Byzantine overlord.
After Islam
After converting to Islam, he joined the Islamic army at the time of caliph Abu Bakr. He was a commander of the Islamic army sent to invade Iraq under the command of Khalid ibn al-Walid.
Adi participated in the Khalid desert crossing from Iraq to the Levant, and fought on the side of Ali ibn Abi Talib, at the Battle of Camel and Battle of Siffin.
Legacy
Bukhari, Muslim, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, and others have attributed hadiths to him.
References
Further reading
https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/adi-b-hatim-SIM_0307?s.num=0&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.q=Adi+ibn+Hatim
Companions of the Prophet
Converts to Islam from Christianity
Year of birth unknown
Arab people of the Arab–Byzantine wars
Tayy
People of the Ridda Wars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adi%20ibn%20Hatim |
Le Silence de la mer (lit. 'The silence of the sea') is a 1949 French drama film by Jean-Pierre Melville, his directorial debut. It is based on the 1942 book of the same name written by Vercors (the pen name of Jean Bruller). Set during WWII in occupied France, the story concerns the relationship of a Frenchman and his niece with a German lieutenant, Werner von Ebrennac, who is billetted in their house.
Plot
In occupied France early in 1941, when Werner von Ebrennac, a German lieutenant with a limp, is billetted in a house in a small village that a retired man shares with his adult niece, the pair, without having to discuss it, agree never to speak to or acknowledge the unwanted intruder. Most nights as the uncle smokes his pipe and the niece does some sewing by the fire, the officer, at first dressed in his uniform and later in civilian clothes, comes to warm himself and politely engages them in a brief one-sided conversation. Speaking good French, he reveals that he is an unmarried composer and this is the first time he has been to France, though he has long studied and admired French literature and culture, which he seems to prefer to his own (except regarding music). Loyal to Hitler, he hopes the Nazi invasion will bring about a lasting "marriage" between France and Germany that will benefit everyone, a point he comes back to day after day and illustrates by referencing Beauty and the Beast (Germany being the beast, who only needs France accept it to turn into a prince). Werner often looks warmly at the niece as he extols the virtues of France; she remains obdurately silent, but occasionally betrays her growing feelings by a faint quiver of her fingers.
Werner gets some leave in the spring and spends two weeks in Paris. When he returns to the village, the uncle and niece do not see him for over a week. Finally, one night he knocks at the door and does not enter until the uncle, breaking his silence, invites the man in. Once more wearing his uniform, Werner tells his hosts about how his excitement to see Paris was undercut by the presence of the occupying forces and finally turned to disillusionment and despair once he learned about the Holocaust and was told by a group of fanatic German officers, including an old friend, that the Nazi plan is to destroy the French spirit and culture and subjugate France to Germany forever. Stopping short of urging the uncle and niece to rebel, Werner announces that he requested a transfer to the front, and he is leaving in the morning. When he says "adieu", the niece breaks her silence to whisper "adieu" in return.
The next day, the uncle sets out a quotation from Anatole France for Werner: "Il est beau qu'un soldat désobéisse à des ordres criminels." ("It is a fine thing when a soldier disobeys a criminal order.") Werner reads it, exchanges glances with the uncle, and leaves. The niece and her uncle eat lunch in silence.
Cast
Howard Vernon as Werner von Ebrennac
Nicole Stéphane as The Niece
Jean-Marie Robain as The Uncle
Ami Aaröe as Werner's fiancée
Denis Sadier as Werner's friend and SS officer
Heim as German officer
Max Fromm as German officer
Roger Rudel as German officer
Max Hermann as German officer
Claude Vernier as German officer
Georges Patrix
Dietrich Kandler
Henri Cavalier
Release
Shot in 1947, Le Silence de la mer was released in Paris on 22 April 1949. It took in 464,032 admissions in Paris and 1,371,687 admissions in France as a whole.
References
External links
1949 films
1940s war drama films
French war drama films
Films based on French novels
Films directed by Jean-Pierre Melville
French black-and-white films
1949 drama films
1940s French-language films
1940s German-language films
French World War II films
1940s French films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%20Silence%20de%20la%20mer%20%281949%20film%29 |
Henrik Schaefer (born 1968 in Bochum) is a German conductor.
He is Music Director of the Opera of Gothenburg (Sweden)
Alongside his work at this house he keeps up an impressive carriere as a guest conductor with the Gävle Symphony, Danish Radio Symphony, Osaka Philharmonic, Helsingborg Symphony, Tokyo Symphony, Norrköping Symphony, Sapporo Symphony, Arctic Philharmonic, Sendai Philharmonic, Rouen, Stuttgarter Philharmoniker, Tokyo Metropolitan, Volksoper Wien, Bogota Philharmonic, New Japan Philharmonic, Nederlands Philharmonisch, Hongkong Philharmonic and the orchestras in Nürnberg, Curitiba, Aalborg, Antwerp, Porto Alegre, Enschede, Kristiansand and Belo Horizonte.
At the age of six he began playing the violin and changed to viola when he was 14. After his studies in Essen and Freiburg with Prof. Grahe, Prof. Koch, Prof. Kashkashian and Prof. Luethy, he became the then youngest member of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra at the age of 22.
As well as playing in the orchestra he studied conducting in Leipzig with Prof. Rohde from 1994 to 1998. After his first smaller projects as a conductor he led the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra for the first time in 1999 for the MusikBox project of Sony music (Ludwig van Beethoven's symphony no. 5, Robert Schumann's symphony no. 3 and Felix Mendelssohn's symphony no. 4). In May 2000 he was chosen from numerous applicants to become Claudio Abbado’s assistant with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra and already in December 2000 he led all rehearsals for the production of Richard Wagner's Tristan in Tokyo, due to Abbado’s ailing health.
Since then he has conducted the orchestra on many occasions in Berlin and Salzburg (Falstaff, Parsifal) and took the dress rehearsal for Claudio Abbado’s last concert with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra with Gustav Mahler's symphony no. 7 in Vienna in May 2002.
His opera repertoire includes The Magic Flute, Don Giovanni, Figaro, Cosi fan Tutte, Eugen Onegin, Faust, La Traviata, La Boheme, Madama Butterfly, Falstaff, Hamlet, Les dialogues des Carmelites, Hänsel and Gretel, Daphne, Elektra, Ariadne, The Flying Dutchman, Rheingold, Walküre, Siegfried, Götterdämmerung, Tristan and Parsifal.
He has recorded numerous symphonic works by Badings, Raff and recently the first opera by the romantic Swedish composer Wilhelm Stenhammar with the Norrköping Symphony for the label Sterling.
References
External links
Official website of Henrik Schaefer
German male conductors (music)
1968 births
Living people
People from Bochum
21st-century German conductors (music)
21st-century German male musicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik%20Schaefer |
Rhonda Belle Martin (née Thomley; c. 1907 – October 11, 1957) was an American serial killer and family annihilator who was executed by the state of Alabama for the murder of Claude Carroll Martin, her fourth husband, in 1951. Martin's method of murder was rat poison; she was also accused of poisoning and murdering her own mother, as well as five of her seven children, all of whom were below the age of 12 at the times of their deaths. Only one of her victims, her former son-in-law and fifth husband Ronald Martin, was known to have survived. Although she initially confessed to all the murders she was accused of committing, she later recanted her confession in the murders of two of her children.
Martin's execution made her the third and final woman to be electrocuted in Alabama before the Furman v. Georgia ruling, as well as the last woman put to death in the state until 2002.
Life before murders
Rhonda Belle Thomley was born around 1907 in Alabama, to James Robert Thomley and Mary Frances (née Grimes). Prior to her arrest, she worked as a waitress. At the time of her arrest, she lived in Montgomery, Alabama.
Murders and apprehension
She confessed in March 1956 to poisoning her mother, two husbands, and three of her children. She denied killing two other children. According to LIFE Magazine in an article published at the time, she loved getting the get-well cards, and later the sympathy cards that came when the victims died, as well as taking great care to have them buried side by side in a private plot.
Her fifth husband, Ronald Martin (formerly her step-son, as he was the son of Claude Carroll Martin), was poisoned like the others. However, he survived and was left a paraplegic. It was his illness that led authorities to look into the strange deaths surrounding Martin.
Prosecutors said collecting insurance proceeds prompted her killing spree, although this is unlikely, since she collected only enough to cover burial costs, and she never admitted this was the case.
Martin was arrested in March 1956.
Trial
Martin was convicted of murdering fifty-one-year-old Claude Carroll Martin in 1951 by surreptitiously feeding him rat poison. Although Martin was only convicted of one murder, she admitted to committing every murder she was suspected of, except for two of the children.
Death row and execution
Because Martin had a heart condition, prison officials usually withheld information from her regarding her scheduled execution dates until the dates were very near. The day before her execution, Martin had a clemency hearing that lasted for two hours, during which her defense attorney unsuccessfully attempted to stop the execution on the grounds of Martin's sanity not having been adequately tested.
Martin was housed in the Jefferson County jail until late May 1957; as her execution was set for May 31, she was transferred to Kilby Prison, where Alabama's electric chair was located. When that execution date was postponed, she was sent to the Julia Tutwiler Prison for Women. Eight days before her execution, Martin gave an interview in which she said, "Well, you've never seen anybody who was ready to sit down in the electric chair. But if that's what it's got to be, that's what it will be." She was housed at the Julia Tutweiler Prison until approximately four hours before her execution, when she was sent back to Kilby Prison. Seven hours prior to her execution, Martin had a last meal consisting of a hamburger, mashed potatoes, cinnamon rolls, and coffee.
Execution
On October 11, 1957, Martin was led to Alabama's electric chair while she held a Bible in her hand. Martin was reportedly calm but quietly weeping at her execution as she recited the 23rd Psalm alongside the prison chaplain. She received the first shock at 12:10 am, and she was pronounced dead at 12:16 am and removed from the death chamber at 12:25 am. She declined to make a final statement.
Martin's execution featured a slight mishap prior to the time she received the first shock, as her executioners threw the switch activating the electricity before the electrodes were ready for use. Martin had to wait several minutes until the electric cycle was finished before authorities could complete her execution.
In 1956, Martin had expressed a desire for her body to be sent to an unspecified "scientific institution" for autopsy, so scientists could analyze her and find out why she committed her crimes. After her execution, prison officials found a note expressing a similar sentiment. Martin's note read, in part, that she wanted physicians "to find out why I committed the crimes I committed. I can't understand it, for I had no reason whatsoever. There's definitely something wrong." Instead, after her execution, some family members received her body in a funeral home in Montgomery.
Martin was the last woman executed in Alabama until 2002, when Lynda Lyon Block was executed for the murder of a policeman.
See also
List of serial killers in the United States
List of people executed in Alabama
References
Resources
"Mother Tells 6 Killings by Poison," The Associated Press, March 14, 1956.
"Jury Sentences Woman To Death," United Press International, June 5, 1956.
"Rhonda Bell Martin," Mind of a Killer (DVD), Kozel Multimedia [1998].
External links
03/14/57 RHONDA BELLE MARTIN v. STATE ALABAMA FindACase
1900s births
1957 deaths
20th-century executions by Alabama
20th-century executions of American people
American murderers of children
Executed American female serial killers
Executed people from Alabama
Filicides in the United States
Mariticides
Matricides
People convicted of murder by Alabama
People executed by Alabama by electric chair
People from Montgomery, Alabama
Poisoners
Serial killers from Alabama | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhonda%20Belle%20Martin |
Aerial silks (also known as aerial contortion, aerial ribbons, aerial tissues, fabric, ribbon, or tissu) is a type of performance in which one or more artists perform aerial acrobatics while hanging from a specialist fabric. The fabric may be hung as two pieces, or a single piece, folded to make a loop, classified as hammock silks. Performers climb the suspended fabric without the use of safety lines and rely only on their training and skill to ensure safety. They use the fabric to wrap, suspend, drop, swing, and spiral their bodies into and out of various positions. The fabric may also be used to fly through the air, striking poses and figures. Some performers use rosin (dried or mixed with rubbing alcohol) on their hands and feet to increase the friction and grip on the fabric. Aerial silks is a demanding art and requires a high degree of strength, power, flexibility, courage, stamina, and grace to practice.
Tricks
The three main categories of tricks are climbs, wraps, and drops. Climbs employed by aerialists range from purely practical and efficient, such as the Russian climb, to athletic and elegant, such as the straddle climb. Wraps are static poses where aerialists wrap the silks around one or more parts of their body. In general, the more complicated the wrap, the stronger the force of friction and the less effort required to hold oneself up. Some wraps, such as the straddle-back-balance, actually allow performers to completely release their hands. Foot locks are a sub-category of wraps where the silks are wrapped around one or both feet; for instance, an ankle hang. In a drop, performers wrap themselves high up on the silks before falling to a lower position. Drops can combine aspects of free fall, rolling or otherwise rotating oneself before landing in a new pose. Preparation for a drop can make for a pretty wrap, but the ultimate goal is the fall rather than the pose. Of the three trick types, drops require the most strength and are also the most potentially dangerous.
Fabrics
The fabrics used as silks are very strong with some give and flexibility. They are either two-way stretch spandex or nylon. The width varies depending on the routine and the acrobat. The fabric is doubled, giving the artist two strips to work with as they perform.
Stretch
Low-stretch fabrics: Low-stretch fabrics are primarily used by beginners who have not yet developed proper climbing technique.
Medium-stretch fabrics: Medium-stretch fabrics are the principal choice of professional aerialists and graduates of professional training programs.
Width: Fabric width is mostly a personal choice. The thickness of the fabric when gathered is also influenced by the "denier", or technical thickness of the fabric's weave. 40 denier is a common choice. The following applies to 40 denier nylon fabric:
60" - Narrow when open, thin when gathered. Fairly common simply because the fabric is widely available.
72-84" - Average for adult performers
96" - Wide when open, thick when gathered. Best for adults with large hands.
108" - Very wide and thick. For adults with very large hands, or specialty acts.
Length: Fabric length is a function of the height of the space available.
For beginners, it is beneficial if the fabric comes down past the ground, allowing them to practice wraps at a lower level where they can be spotted.
For intermediate users and above, it is sufficient if the fabrics come down to the ground.
For all users, the space required is usually between and . There are a great many tricks that can be done on a aerial fabric and a few drops require more than 30 feet, but for the most part is best.
History
It is not known for certain who invented the art form of performing aerial dance on fabrics. Fred Deb of Drapés Aériens is widely known to be one of the founders around 1992. André Simard was hired by Cirque du Soleil to develop and research acrobatics in 1987; his job was to discover original and imaginative ways to attract audiences, and is also regarded as one of the founders around 1995. Now silks have been incorporated into the circus arts and are practiced as a form of aerial fitness.
Rigging
Aerial rigging applies to the hanging of aerial silks. Aerial silk rigging equipment commonly includes:
a figure-eight descender, rescue eight, ring, or another piece of hardware for attaching the silk;
a ball-bearing swivel to keep the silk from twisting and to allow for spinning;
carabiners for connecting the silk hardware to the swivel, and for connecting the swivel to a mounting point. Depending on the setup, there can be multiple carabiners in use at one time.
Carabiners are the most used rigging piece for all aerial arts, but only two or three styles are safe for aerial use; these are the auto lock gate and screw gate carabiner. rated two different ways, one for the spine and one for the gate. Distributing weight on the gate is not recommended, for it is about 1/3 of the spine kN rating. For aerial silk as for other aerial arts, a screw gate carabiner is used rotated to screw down to decrease the risk that the carabiner will accidentally open or that the screw gate will become unscrewed.
A span set or daisy chain are often used to add length to the silks if needed; they are also used to wrap around a beam.
A span set is a polyester loop that can hold up to 44kN (10,000 lbs), depending on the quality.
A daisy chain is made of nylon webbing with loops sewn on, to offer more length variation, but it is less strong then a span set and may not be able to withstand the downward force of drops and other aerial tricks. A basic daisy chain tops out at around 4kN (1,000 lbs) on each loop, and end to end is around 22kN (5,000 lbs).
See also
Rope climbing
Aerial hoop
Aerial dance
Aerial straps
References
Basic Circus Arts Instruction Manual: Chapter 2 - "Static Trapeze, Rope and Silks." [PDF, 6.2 MB] and Chapter 8 - "Manual for Safety and Rigging." [PDF, 3.3 MB] European Federation of Professional Circus Schools (FEDEC), 2008.
FM 5-125: Rigging Techniques, Procedures, and Applications. [PDF, 3.6 MB] US Army, 1995.
Sharon McCutcheon, Geoff Perrem. Circus in Schools Handbook. Tarook Publishing, 2004. ()
Hovey Burgess, Judy Finelli. Circus Techniques. Brian Dube, 1989. ()
Carrie Heller. Aerial Circus Training and Safety Manual. National Writers Press, 2004. ()
Jayne C. Bernasconi and Nancy E. Smith. Aerial Dance. United States: Human Kinetics, 2008. () View at Google Books
Elena Zanzu, M.A. Il Trapezio Oscillante: Storie di Circo nell'Aria. (The Swinging Trapeze: Histories of the Circus in the Air.) Bologna University, Italy, 2004-2005. Language: Italian.
Performing arts
Circus skills | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial%20silk |
This page is concerned with the stochastic modelling as applied to the insurance industry. For other stochastic modelling applications, please see Monte Carlo method and Stochastic asset models. For mathematical definition, please see Stochastic process.
"Stochastic" means being or having a random variable. A stochastic model is a tool for estimating probability distributions of potential outcomes by allowing for random variation in one or more inputs over time. The random variation is usually based on fluctuations observed in historical data for a selected period using standard time-series techniques. Distributions of potential outcomes are derived from a large number of simulations (stochastic projections) which reflect the random variation in the input(s).
Its application initially started in physics. It is now being applied in engineering, life sciences, social sciences, and finance. See also Economic capital.
Valuation
Like any other company, an insurer has to show that its assets exceeds its liabilities to be solvent. In the insurance industry, however, assets and liabilities are not known entities. They depend on how many policies result in claims, inflation from now until the claim, investment returns during that period, and so on.
So the valuation of an insurer involves a set of projections, looking at what is expected to happen, and thus coming up with the best estimate for assets and liabilities, and therefore for the company's level of solvency.
Deterministic approach
The simplest way of doing this, and indeed the primary method used, is to look at best estimates.
The projections in financial analysis usually use the most likely rate of claim, the most likely investment return, the most likely rate of inflation, and so on. The projections in engineering analysis usually use both the most likely rate and the most critical rate. The result provides a point estimate - the best single estimate of what the company's current solvency position is, or multiple points of estimate - depends on the problem definition. Selection and identification of parameter values are frequently a challenge to less experienced analysts.
The downside of this approach is it does not fully cover the fact that there is a whole range of possible outcomes and some are more probable and some are less.
Stochastic modelling
A stochastic model would be to set up a projection model which looks at a single policy, an entire portfolio or an entire company. But rather than setting investment returns according to their most likely estimate, for example, the model uses random variations to look at what investment conditions might be like.
Based on a set of random variables, the experience of the policy/portfolio/company is projected, and the outcome is noted. Then this is done again with a new set of random variables. In fact, this process is repeated thousands of times.
At the end, a distribution of outcomes is available which shows not only the most likely estimate but what ranges are reasonable too. The most likely estimate is given by the distribution curve's (formally known as the Probability density function) center of mass which is typically also the peak(mode) of the curve, but may be different e.g. for asymmetric distributions.
This is useful when a policy or fund provides a guarantee, e.g. a minimum investment return of 5% per annum. A deterministic simulation, with varying scenarios for future investment return, does not provide a good way of estimating the cost of providing this guarantee. This is because it does not allow for the volatility of investment returns in each future time period or the chance that an extreme event in a particular time period leads to an investment return less than the guarantee. Stochastic modelling builds volatility and variability (randomness) into the simulation and therefore provides a better representation of real life from more angles.
Numerical evaluations of quantities
Stochastic models help to assess the interactions between variables, and are useful tools to numerically evaluate quantities, as they are usually implemented using Monte Carlo simulation techniques (see Monte Carlo method). While there is an advantage here, in estimating quantities that would otherwise be difficult to obtain using analytical methods, a disadvantage is that such methods are limited by computing resources as well as simulation error. Below are some examples:
Means
Using statistical notation, it is a well-known result that the mean of a function, f, of a random variable X is not necessarily the function of the mean of X.
For example, in application, applying the best estimate (defined as the mean) of investment returns to discount a set of cash flows will not necessarily give the same result as assessing the best estimate to the discounted cash flows.
A stochastic model would be able to assess this latter quantity with simulations.
Percentiles
This idea is seen again when one considers percentiles (see percentile). When assessing risks at specific percentiles, the factors that contribute to these levels are rarely at these percentiles themselves. Stochastic models can be simulated to assess the percentiles of the aggregated distributions.
Truncations and censors
Truncating and censoring of data can also be estimated using stochastic models. For instance, applying a non-proportional reinsurance layer to the best estimate losses will not necessarily give us the best estimate of the losses after the reinsurance layer. In a simulated stochastic model, the simulated losses can be made to "pass through" the layer and the resulting losses assessed appropriately.
The asset model
Although the text above referred to "random variations", the stochastic model does not just use any arbitrary set of values. The asset model is based on detailed studies of how markets behave, looking at averages, variations, correlations, and more.
The models and underlying parameters are chosen so that they fit historical economic data, and are expected to produce meaningful future projections.
There are many such models, including the Wilkie Model, the Thompson Model and the Falcon Model.
The claims model
The claims arising from policies or portfolios that the company has written can also be modelled using stochastic methods. This is especially important in the general insurance sector, where the claim severities can have high uncertainties.
Frequency-Severity models
Depending on the portfolios under investigation, a model can simulate all or some of the following factors stochastically:
Number of claims
Claim severities
Timing of claims
Claims inflations can be applied, based on the inflation simulations that are consistent with the outputs of the asset model, as are dependencies between the losses of different portfolios.
The relative uniqueness of the policy portfolios written by a company in the general insurance sector means that claims models are typically tailor-made.
Stochastic reserving models
Estimating future claims liabilities might also involve estimating the uncertainty around the estimates of claim reserves.
See J Li's article "Comparison of Stochastic Reserving Models" (published in the Australian Actuarial Journal, volume 12 issue 4) for a recent article on this topic.
References
Guidance on stochastic modelling for life insurance reserving (pdf)
J Li's article on stochastic reserving from the Australian Actuarial Journal, 2006 (pdf)
Stochastic Modelling For Dummies, Actuarial Society of South Africa
Actuarial science
Stochastic models
Monte Carlo methods in finance | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic%20modelling%20%28insurance%29 |
Fatty acid desaturases (also called unsaturases) are a family of enzymes that convert saturated fatty acids into unsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. For the common fatty acids of the C18 variety, desaturases convert stearic acid into oleic acid. Other desaturases convert oleic acid into linolenic acid, which is the precursor to alpha-linolenic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and eicosatrienoic acid.
Two subgroups of desaturases are recognized:
Delta - indicating that the double bond is created at a fixed position from the carboxyl end of a fatty acid chain. For example, Δ9-desaturase creates a double bond between the ninth and tenth carbon atom from the carboxyl end.
Omega - indicating the double bond is created at a fixed position from the methyl end of a fatty acid chain. For instance, ω3 desaturase creates a double bond between the third and fourth carbon atom from the methyl end. In other words, it creates an omega-3 fatty acid.
For example, Δ6 desaturation introduces a double bond between carbons 6 and 7 of linoleic acid (LA C18H32O2; 18:2-n6) and α-linolenic acid (ALA: C18H30O2; 18:3-n3), creating γ-linolenic acid (GLA: C18H30O2,18:3-n6) and stearidonic acid (SDA: C18H28O2; 18:4-n3) respectively.
In the biosynthesis of essential fatty acids, an elongase alternates with various desaturases (for example, Δ6-desaturase) repeatedly inserts an ethyl group, then forms a double bond.
Mechanism and function
Desaturases have diiron active sites reminiscent of methane monooxygenase. These enzymes are O2-dependent, consistent with their function as either hydroxylation or oxidative dehydrogenation.
Desaturases produce unsaturated fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids help maintain structure and function of membranes. Highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) are incorporated into phospholipids and participate in cell signaling.
Unsaturated fatty acids and their derived fats increase the fluidity of membranes.
Role in human metabolism
Fatty acid desaturase appear in all organisms: for example, bacteria, fungus, plants, animals and humans. Four desaturases occur in humans: Δ9-desaturase, Δ6-desaturase, Δ5-desaturase, and Δ4-desaturase.
Δ9-desaturase, also known as stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, is used to synthesize oleic acid, a monounsaturated, ubiquitous component of all cells in the human body, and the major fatty acid in mammalian adipose triglycerides, and also used for phospholipid and cholesteryl ester synthesis. Δ9-desaturase produces oleic acid (C18H34O2; 18:1-n9) by desaturating stearic acid (SA: C18H36O2; 18:0), a saturated fatty acid either synthesized in the body from palmitic acid (PA: C16H32O2; 16:0) or ingested directly.
Δ6 and Δ5 desaturases are required for the synthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids such as eicosopentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (synthesized from α-linolenic acid); arachidonic acid and adrenic acid (synthesized from linoleic acid). This is a multi-stage process requiring successive actions by elongase and desaturase enzymes. The genes coding for Δ6 and Δ5 desaturase production have been located on human chromosome 11.
Synthesis of LC-PUFAs in humans and many other eukaryotes starts with:
* Linoleic acid (LA: C18H32O2; 18:2-n6) → Δ6-desaturation → γ-linolenic acid (GLA: C18H30O2; 18:3-n6) → Δ6-specific elongase (introducing two carbons) → dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid DGLA: C20H34O2; 20:3-n6) → Δ5-desaturase → arachidonic acid (AA: C20H32O2; 20:4-n6) → also endocannabinoids.
* α-Linolenic acid (ALA: C18H30O2; 18:3-n3) → Δ6-desaturation → stearidonic acid (SDA: C18H28O2; 18:4-n3) and/or → Δ6-specific elongase → eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA: C20H32O2; 20:4-n3) → Δ5-desaturase → eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA: C20H30O2; 20:5-n3).
By a Δ17-desaturase, gamma-linolenic acid (GLA: C18H30O2; 18:3-n6) can be further converted to stearidonic acid (SDA: C18H28O2; 18:4-n3), dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DHGLA/DGLA: C20H34O2; 20:3-n6) to eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA: C20H32O2; 20:4-n3; omega-3 arachidonic acid) and arachidonic acid (AA: C20H32O2; 20:4-n6) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA: C20H30O2; 20:5-n3), respectively.
Fatty acids with at least 20 carbons (C20) and three double bonds (20:3) bind to CB1 receptors.
Arachidonic acid (AA) is also the catalyst to the formation of the two main endocannabinoids, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG).
* Anandamide (AEA: C22H37NO2; 20:4,n-6) is an N-acylethanolamine resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxyl group of arachidonic acid (AA: C20H32O2; 20:4-n6) with the amino group of ethanolamine (C2H7NO), bind preferably to CB1 receptors.
* 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG: C23H38O4; 20:4-n6) is an endogenous agonist of the cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), and the physiological ligand for the cannabinoid CB2 receptor. It is an ester formed from omega-6-arachidonic acid (AA: C20H32O2; 20:4-n6) and glycerol (C3H8O3).
Vertebrates are unable to synthesize polyunsaturated fatty acids because they do not have the necessary fatty acid desaturases to "convert oleic acid (18:1n-9) into linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3)". Linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) are essential for human health and development, and should therefore be consumed by diets, like 15 ml of hemp seed oil, or/and 33 gram of hemp seed protein a day, can provide all the protein, essential fatty acids, and dietary fiber necessary for human survival for one day, as their absence has been found responsible for the development of a wide range of diseases such as metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disorders, inflammatory processes, viral infections, certain types of cancer and autoimmune disorders.
Human fatty acid desaturases include: DEGS1; DEGS2; FADS1; FADS2; FADS3; FADS6; SCD4; SCD5
Classification
Δ-desaturases are represented by two distinct families which do not seem to be evolutionarily related.
Family 1 includes Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD) ().
Family 2 is composed of:
Bacterial fatty acid desaturases.
Plant stearoyl-acyl-carrier-protein desaturase (), an enzyme that catalyzes the introduction of a double bond at the delta-9 position of steraoyl-ACP to produce oleoyl-ACP. This enzyme is responsible for the conversion of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids in the synthesis of vegetable oils.
Cyanobacterial DesA, an enzyme that can introduce a second cis double bond at the delta-12 position of fatty acid bound to membrane glycerolipids. This enzyme is involved in chilling tolerance; the phase transition temperature of lipids of cellular membranes being dependent on the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids of the membrane lipids.
Acyl-CoA dehydrogenases
Acyl-CoA dehydrogenases are enzymes that catalyze formation of a double bond between C2 (α) and C3 (β) of the acyl-CoA thioester substrates. Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is a required co-factor.
See also
N-acylethanolamine (NAE)
References
Enzymes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty%20acid%20desaturase |
Social network services are increasingly being used in legal and criminal investigations. Information posted on sites such as Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook has been used by police and university officials to prosecute users of said sites. In some situations, content posted on Myspace has been used in court to determine an appropriate sentence based on a defendant's attitude.
The U.S. DOT National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has made federal grants available to states to train law enforcement officers to use social media sites to identify events that may result in impaired driving or consumption by minors. As of 2012, Michigan spent over $4.5 million through this program, and has trained over 100 local police officers to use social media sites to identify and target events. In more recent years, a majority of police departments have some sort of social media-based strategy in place.
Social media can be used as an investigative tool to obtain probable cause for a search warrant. Agencies can surveil social media sites via software programs, such as X1 Social Discovery, MediaSonar, and Geofeedia.
How police use social media
In 2015 the international Association of Chiefs of Police reported that about 94% of police agencies have some form of Facebook related strategy in place. Among other things, this includes using Facebook to encourage a more positive perception of the police and monitor public gatherings. Social media is considered public space, therefore anything posted is considered public, unless you set your privacy settings to private, and don't accidentally accept friend requests from undercover police. This means that if you post something on Facebook or twitter, police have access to it and have the right to use and monitor it. Police may use tactics such as "Ghosting" where they create undercover profiles and friend requesting suspects in order to keep a closer eye on the daily lives of those suspects. This helps them know when large gatherings are going to occur and possibly increase police presence in that area to ensure public safety. these tactics provide police with otherwise unavailable information on key suspects and people of interest while taking up less time, money and resources. In 2020, when asked police mentioned Facebook (And Facebook live), Instagram, Myspace, Periscope, Xbox Live with Friends, and YouTube. They would be on the lookout for planned gatherings or post flashing guns or weaponry as well as sudden escalation of violence.
In addition to monitoring criminals, police can use social media to seek assistance from their communities. one such example is with missing persons or wanted suspects. In 2019, Police in Toronto, Ontario (Canada) posted on twitter seeking help locating four missing children. their post was shared over 300 times and the children were located and returned home. Between the year 2017 and 2019, 373 posts were made by 15 police agencies in Canada. They used a technique called crowdsourcing to gather more information for their investigations and create interactive communities of citizens who are ready to participate and engage when communicated with. They have a tendency to prefer Facebook and Twitter due to the ease of liking and sharing their posts. Police also use social media to inform citizens of possible safety issues and take control of the media coverage of investigations. They share press releases, recorded interviews, mug shots and status updates on ongoing investigations. Their tendency to post before stories go public leads to a better control of the flow of information as well as journalist relying on police pages as quick and reliable resources.
Facebook
Facebook, a social network service, is increasingly being used by school administrations and law enforcement agencies as a source of evidence against student users. Allows users to create profile pages with personal details. In the early years of the site, these pages could be viewed by other registered users from the same college, including resident assistants, campus police, or others who signed up for the service. The user privileges and terms of service of the site have since been changed to allow users to control who has the ability to view their content.
Disciplinary actions against students based on information made available on Facebook has spurred debate over the legality and ethics of school administrators' harvesting such information. Facebook spokespeople have made clear that Facebook is a public forum and all information published on the site should be presumed available to the general public, school administrators included. Legal experts agree that public information sources such as Facebook can be legally used in criminal or other investigations.
In the aftermath of the 2011 Vancouver Stanley Cup riot, community participation in assisting police to identify the rioters has been described as unprecedented. Police admitted to being overwhelmed by the amount of evidence provided by social media.
Cyber-bullying
Facebook and other social networking sites are being used to bring bullying outside of school. Students are being targeted on the internet and even mobile devices. A strategy to catch cyber-bullies is being implemented in Reading, Berkshire:
From February 28, 2011 until May 2011, Thames Valley Police Officers will be using Facebook to catch cyber-bullies. With the help of a teenage volunteer, the police will go through Facebook pages to investigate reported instances of cyber-bullying. If there is anything inappropriate found, a Facebook message will be sent to the offender which will warn them of the consequences of bullying. Along with the message, the student's parents will also receive a letter highlighting the incident and the potential consequences.
In May 2012, Lake Havasu Unified School District #1 used evidence found on Facebook to catch multiple cyber-bullies after a discussion on a post that the one who felt bullied was not involved in. The school district acquired the list of comments through another student, who printed them out and handed them in to the school administration.
In Bangalore, India, school students of certain schools were all asked to delete their Facebook profiles in the wake of cyber bullying. Indian law addresses some of the components of cyber-bullying. However, the perpetrators are children and therefore alternatives to criminalization and other policies should be adopted.
Alcohol policy violations
It has become increasingly common for colleges and universities to use Facebook to investigate underage drinking and violations of dry campus policies. Students who violate these policies may be discovered through photographs of illicit drinking behavior, membership in drinking-related groups, or party information posted on the Facebook website. Some examples of such investigations are listed below:
In October 2005, pictures from Facebook were used to cite violators of university alcohol policy at North Carolina State University. Charges included underage drinking and violations of the dormitory alcohol policy, specifically holding open bottles of alcoholic beverages in the dorm hallway. A dorm resident advisor originally wrote up citations for 14 different students, some of which were dropped. Details were not released by the university, but the incident received news coverage including articles in the official school newspaper and segments on local TV stations.
In November 2005, four students at Northern Kentucky University were fined for posting pictures of a drinking party on Facebook. The pictures, taken in one of NKU's dormitories, proved that the students were in violation of the university's dry campus policy.
In November 2005, Emory University officials cited members of the Facebook group "Dobbs 2nd Alcoholics," referring to the second floor of a campus residence hall, for conduct code violations. A similar drinking group, "Wooddruff=Wasted," was also investigated. The group's club members only discussed "having fun in Wooddruff" and said no photos of students were ever posted on Facebook.
In response to the monitoring, some students have begun to submit "red herring" party listings. In one case at George Washington University, students advertised their party and were raided by campus police. The police found only cake, no alcohol, and later claimed the dorm raid had been triggered by a noise complaint.
Investigation examples
In December 2004, The Student Life (the student newspaper at Pomona College in Claremont, California) reported that an assistant football coach at the college had been living in the team's equipment room and hosting parties there. The paper cited postings by football players on a Facebook group page titled "We Miss Coach Baker" as evidence of the alleged parties.
In October 2005, sophomore Cameron Walker was expelled from Fisher College in Boston for comments about a campus police officer made on Facebook. These comments, including the statement that the officer "loves to antagonize students...and needs to be eliminated," were judged to be in violation of the college's code of conduct.
In October 2005, University of Pennsylvania freshmen student government election results were delayed due to early campaigning violations on Facebook. Though candidates were forbidden from campaigning before a certain date, many Facebook advocacy groups appeared before that date. The University of California, Berkeley, High Point University, and The George Washington University have also experienced similar problems.
In November 2005, Kansas State University authorities announced that they were using Facebook to investigate a possible violation of the school's honor code potentially involving over 100 students. Students used the message board of a Facebook group to share class information without authorization from the professor.
In October 2005, Pennsylvania State University police used Facebook to track down students who rushed the field after the October 8 Ohio State game. Two students were later charged with criminal trespass for their involvement.
In January 2006, Syracuse University's student newspaper, The Daily Orange, featured an article about a student who claimed Syracuse City Police personally warned him in advance about having a party he had listed on Facebook. The university denied the allegations and stated that their own peace officers would have handled the case in any event.
In February 2006, a 16-year-old Colorado boy was arrested for juvenile possession of a firearm after police saw pictures that he had posted on MySpace of himself posing with rifles and handguns. He was convicted in April 2006.
In February 2006, The Daily Orange reported about another Syracuse University incident, in which four students were placed on disciplinary probation after creating a group entitled "Clearly [instructor's first name] doesn't know what she's doing ever." The group featured derogatory and personal attacks aimed at the instructor. After meeting with judicial affairs, the students admitted that their comments on the site were inappropriate and accepted an agreement that they would not contact the instructor again.
In February 2006, police in Oxford, Ohio were directed to the Facebook profile of a Miami University student because it showed the police sketch of a suspect in the rape of another Miami University student as the account owner's personal picture. The police arrested the student and charged him with inducing panic.
Students that had created a Facebook group to complain about a professor's teaching shortcomings at the University of Louisville were responsible in part for dismissal of that instructor in February 2006. The students were not punished.
Pictures posted of unrelated parties thrown by students at the University of Connecticut School of Law and Baylor University drew attention to the presence of uninstitutionalized racism on both campuses. In March 2006, Baylor's student newspaper reported a call to action made by outraged students after pictures were posted on Facebook depicting partygoers wearing bandanas and carrying 40-ounce beer bottles wrapped in brown paper, with one young woman sporting layers of bronzer to darken her skin. An advisor for a campus fraternity denied the party was sponsored by the organization and said the party theme was not to dress "ghetto", as critics alleged, but as E-Dawg, a Seattle rapper. Facebook removed the photos from the site as black student groups called for a university-sponsored open forum to discuss the racially insensitive undercurrent on campus. Similar action was taken with the UConn pictures, which depicted a "Bullets and Bubbly" themed party held days after Martin Luther King Jr. Day in 2007. Half the partygoers brought champagne and dressed in formalwear for the "bubbly" portion of the theme, while the other half brought 40 ounces and dressed in do-rags, baggy hip-hop inspired clothing, gold teeth, and in some cases carried fake machine guns. The university responded by holding an open forum discussing the insensitive nature of the party and resulting photos. Controversy over similar parties has also occurred at Clemson University (South Carolina), Tarleton State University (Texas), Texas A&M University, and the University of Chicago.
In April 2006, University of Dayton student Christopher Herbert was fined approximately $10,000 for damages caused by an annual event known as "LowesFest." Herbert had posted a public invitation to the event on Facebook, though he did not attend the event himself. The University informed him 24 hours before "LowesFest" that he would have to pay for any and all extra costs (police, cleaning, etc.) stemming from that evening. However, Christopher Herbert chose to not pay the fine and he transferred out of the University of Dayton.
In April 2006, officials at the State University of New York at Cobleskill took a student from Sri Lanka, Tharindu Meepegama into custody after Meepegama posted pictures of him with a shotgun and wrote comments that the school officials found "troubling". Meepegama, who was later allowed to return to the school, said it was all a misunderstanding.
In August 2006, police officers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign arrested two students who were spotted urinating in public. One of the students ran, and the other was apprehended by police. When queried about the identity of the student who ran, the student in custody lied saying he did not know him. The arresting officer, upon talking with witnesses, obtained the name of the student who ran. He later found that the two were Facebook friends, and therefore that the questioned student had lied. This student was charged with obstruction of justice.
In October 2006, a male Southern Illinois University student faced possible expulsion for creating a Facebook page detailing his sexual relationship with a young female he'd been involved with in the past. Other male students added to the page with their own experiences with the woman, until she brought it to the attention of Facebook administrators, who permanently removed the page. The 19-year-old female cited slander while the young man claimed it was an inside joke and assumed she would understand the humor. In an interview he stated, "I never thought something on Facebook would get me into trouble out in the real world." During the debacle, his fellow students created yet another Facebook page with updates on the controversy.
In December 2006, campus police at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington were investigating the theft of two PlayStation consoles, which had been stolen by the two perpetrators of a beating and robbery on campus. They planned to raid the rented house of Peyton Strickland, an 18-year-old student at nearby Cape Fear Community College. They discovered that the other alleged robber, Ryan Mills, had posted photographs of himself on Facebook in which he posed with guns. Expecting "heavily armed resistance" at Strickland's house, the officers called in a SWAT team for backup to raid Strickland's house. When they arrived at the residence, which three students rented, they were not immediately let in. As one officer began to break down the door with a battering ram, another officer mistook the sound of the battering ram for gunshots and shot through the glass door multiple times, killing the unarmed Strickland and his dog. The officer, Christopher Long, was not charged with second-degree murder by two different grand juries. He was however initially indicted by one grand jury, which was later attributed to a clerical error and overturned. Soon after the incident, Christopher Long went on to receive $1,000 paid out by the sheriff he worked under as well as receiving a "Local Hero" award for $4000.
In January 2007, several Ottawa employees of Farm Boy were terminated due to their postings on a Facebook group titled "I Got Farm Boy'd."
In January 2007, a long-standing debate over the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's dancing Chief Illiniwek mascot intensified after racist remarks about Native Americans were discovered on a pro-mascot Facebook group. The group, entitled "If They Get Rid of the Chief, I'm Becoming a Racist," contained wall posts by students that said things like, "What they don't realize is that there never was a racist problem before ... but now I hate redskins and hope all those drunk casino owning bums die." Another student directed a post towards a particularly vocal Native American grad student, saying, "I say we throw a tomahawk into her face." The page was removed, but not before inciting a university investigation into the threats and spawning a counter group entitled "The Chief Dance is Racist, Plain and Simple".
In February 2007, 11 students at Robert F. Hall Catholic Secondary School in Caledon, Ontario were suspended after posting comments about their principal on Facebook.
In February 2007, following the fatal hit-and-run death of freshman Carlee Wines, University of Connecticut campus police said they used Facebook to link the suspected driver, Anthony P. Alvino of Lindenhurst, N.Y., to the university. By following leads via Facebook, police learned of the connection between Alvino and his girlfriend, Michele A. Hall, a UConn student. The Long Island, N.Y. newspaper Newsday reported: "Police traced Alvino's connection to UConn through his entry in Facebook, which listed Hall as his girlfriend." Alvino was charged for the hit-and-run, while Hall was charged with helping cover it up and hindering prosecution.
In April 2007, just days after the Virginia Tech shooting, a student at the SUNY College at Cobleskill was remanded into psychiatric care and suspended from college after posting a photo of himself on his profile with a vaguely threatening message underneath.
In October 2008, in Edmonton, Alberta, it was revealed that filmmaker Mark Twitchell, who was facing first degree murder charges, had posted as his Facebook status in August that "he had a lot in common with Dexter Morgan". This proved to be a key piece of evidence in the missing person case of John Altinger, as Twitchell was a fan of the television series "Dexter" and it is believed that he murdered Altinger in the style of Dexter's clandestine murders. Shortly after Altinger's disappearance, Twitchell gained access to Altinger's e-mail and Facebook accounts, changing Altinger's Facebook status and e-mailing Altinger's contacts stating that he met a girl online and was planning a move to Costa Rica.
In 2008, in the city of Cincinnati, police disassembled a local street gang and arrested 71 people following a nine-month investigation with social media to identify the gang's members. Working together with the University of Cincinnati's Institute of Crime Science, the police produced databases of evidence from social networks, current police records and phone documentation, then used software to investigate the information and determine connections between suspects. Cincinnati's social-media attempts started small, with a small number of officers examining online profiles on their own time. Then police joined with the university and obtained training from social-media experts. It was soon determined that felons were using social networks to brag about the offenses they were planning or had already committed, posting incriminating videos, and setting up drug deals. Felons that can't resist boasting online are an advantage to prosecutors and police across the country.
In one 2008 case, Ronnie Tienda Jr. was convicted of a gang-related homicide in Texas built mainly on incriminating photos and words that he had posted openly on his MySpace page. Today, a person may have their social media information completely private, but their acquaintances or relatives might not be knowledgeable of the law. Police often circumvent proper procedure by finding relatives who unknowingly grant investigators access through their accounts. Drug dealers commonly post inoffensive public updates that incorporate location information so that consumers-and unknowingly, law enforcement-know the location to find them, claimed police. A more debatable tactic to getting evidence from social networks is going undercover online-creating false accounts to make friends with suspects.
In July 2009, an emergency medical technician in New York City was terminated and arrested for taking a picture of a crime scene and uploading it to Facebook. The technician, 46-year-old Frank Musarella, was charged with "official misconduct".
Nathalie Blanchard, a Quebec woman on long-term sick leave for depression, sued Manulife after the insurer cut her benefits, claiming that her photos posted on Facebook demonstrated that she had recovered. Blanchard said that she was following her doctor's advice to try to have fun, including nights out at her local bar with friends and short getaways to sun destinations, as a way to forget her problems. She also stated that she had notified Manulife that she was taking a trip. Some experts noted that the privacy controls on Facebook and other social networking sites was "laughable".
On October 27, 2010 in Kanata Centrum, Ottawa, a collector's edition hazelle jersey and a cap were stolen from an apparel store by four young males. In 15 minutes, the staff were able to use the store's friends list of 324 people who "like" the store and recognized the face of the perpetrators. Police were contacted, found the suspects, and the jersey valued at $1000.00 was recovered.
On March 17, 2012, San Marinan singer Valentina Monetta was selected to sing Facebook Uh, Oh, Oh for Eurovision Song Contest 2012. People who were on the social network pointed out that the lyrics contained a commercial message for Facebook. The lyrics of the song that contained references to Facebook were banned from the contest on March 18. The banned lyrics must be replaced no later than March 22. If the banned lyrics are not replaced, Valentina's other song will be selected on that day.
In July 2017, the Philippine National Bureau of Investigation is monitoring any activity of Pastor Hokage groups, after complaints from victims that their photos have been shared without permission.
On October 16, 2023, singer and internet personality Dalal Abu Amneh was arrested by the Israeli Police over a social media post for allegedly promoting hate speech and inciting violence on social media following a massacre perpetrated by Hamas on October 7, 2023.
See also
List of social networking services
References
Student culture
Social networking websites
Criminal investigation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use%20of%20social%20network%20websites%20in%20investigations |
Eugen Diederichs (June 22, 1867 – September 10, 1930) was a German publisher born in Löbitz, in the Prussian Province of Saxony.
Diederichs started his publishing company in Florence, Italy, in 1896. He moved on to Leipzig, where he published the early works of Hermann Hesse, and from there to Jena in 1904. He started publishing the magazine Die Tat in 1912. His publishing firm, the Eugen Diederichs Verlag, played a central role in Germany's neo-conservative or revolutionary conservative movement in the late 19th and early 20th century.
Diedrichs married Helene Voigt in 1898; the couple separated in 1911. He married the writer in 1916. Diederichs died in Jena in 1930.
Since 1988, Diederichs has become an imprint of the Hugendubel publishing house.
References
External links
1867 births
1930 deaths
People from Burgenlandkreis
People from the Province of Saxony
German magazine publishers (people)
German book publishers (people)
Expatriates from the German Empire
Expatriates in Italy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugen%20Diederichs |
Enfield and Haringey is a constituency represented in the London Assembly.
It consists of the combined area of the London Borough of Enfield and the London Borough of Haringey.
Overlapping constituencies
The equivalent Westminster seats are:
Edmonton (Labour)
Enfield North (Labour)
Enfield Southgate (Labour)
Hornsey and Wood Green (Labour)
Tottenham (Labour)
Assembly Members
Mayoral election results
Below are the results for the candidate which received the highest share of the popular vote in the constituency at each mayoral election.
Assembly election results
References
London Assembly constituencies
Politics of the London Borough of Haringey
Politics of the London Borough of Enfield
2000 establishments in England
Constituencies established in 2000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enfield%20and%20Haringey%20%28London%20Assembly%20constituency%29 |
The Heritage Reformed Congregations (HRC) constitute a continental Calvinist denomination in the United States and Canada. They were established in 1993 by dissidents from the Netherlands Reformed Congregations under the leadership of Pastor Joel Beeke.
History
The Heritage Reformed Congregations were formed in 1993 by dissidents from the Netherlands Reformed Congregations, under the leadership of Joel Beeke. Originally, the denomination was called the Heritage Netherlands Reformed Congregations. The current name was adopted in 2005.
In 1995, the denomination founded the Puritan Reformed Theological Seminary. Later, the seminary was supported by the Free Reformed Churches of North America (FRCNA).
Starting in the 2010s, the denomination began a dialogue with the FRCNA about a possible denominational merger. In 2017, the two denominations held simultaneous synods, in the same place, to discuss the approximation.
Doctrine
The HRC adopts the Three Forms of Unity (Heidelberg Catechism, Belgic Confession, and Canons of Dort) as its official doctrine. The denomination advocates Biblical inerrancy and opposes the ordination of women.
Inter-church Relations
The denomination is a member of the North American Presbyterian and Reformed Council and the International Conference of Reformed Churches.
Congregations
The Heritage Reformed Congregations consist of the following congregations:
References
Reformed denominations in the United States
Calvinist denominations established in the 20th century
Religious organizations established in 1993 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heritage%20Reformed%20Congregations |
Sir Mir Turab Ali Khan, Salar Jung I, (21 January 1829 – 8 February 1883), known simply as Salar Jung I, was an Indian nobleman who served as Prime Minister of Hyderabad State between 1853 until his death in 1883. He also served as regent for the sixth Nizam, Asaf Jah VI between 1869 and 1883.
His tenure is known for administrative reforms, which included a reorganization of the revenue and judicial systems, the division of Hyderabad State into districts, institution of a postal service, establishment of the first modern educational institutions, and construction of the first rail and telegraph networks. A small offshoot of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 took place in Hyderabad State during his tenure, and he was partly responsible for quelling it.
He was one of the five Prime Ministers from the Salar Jung family, one of the most prominent families of the state. His daughter Amat-uz-Zehra married Asaf Jah VI, and he was therefore known as the maternal grandfather of the last Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan.
Early life
Khan was born in Bijapur in 1829. He was a descendant of a family which had held various appointments, first under the Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur, then under the Mughal Empire, and lastly under the Nizams. His father was Muhammad Ali Khan, the eldest son of Mir Alam, and his mother was the daughter of Saiad Kazim Ali Khan. He was educated privately.
Career
He was appointed the talukdar of Khammam in 1847. He held the position for 8 months.
Prime Minister of Hyderabad
He succeeded his uncle Siraj-ul-Mulk as the prime minister in 1853 at the age of 23. During this time, the administration of the Hyderabad State was infused with corruption, and there was no systematic form of government.
His earlier reforms included constitution of courts of justice at Hyderabad, organization of the police force, construction and reparation of irrigation works, and establishment of schools. In 1854, the first modern educational institution in Hyderabad was established by the name, Dar-ul-Ulum.
On the outbreak of the Indian rebellion of 1857, he supported the British, and although unable to hinder an attack on the British Residency, he warned the British minister that it was in contemplation. The attack was repulsed; the Hyderabad contingent remained loyal, and their loyalty served to ensure the tranquility of the region. Salar Jung took advantage of the preoccupation of the British government with the rebellion to push his reforms more boldly, and when the Calcutta authorities were again at liberty to consider the condition of affairs his work had been carried far towards completion.
In 1867, the State was divided into five Divisions (subahs) — namely Berar, Bidar, Bijapur, Aurangabad, and Hyderabad, and seventeen Districts, and subedars, or governors, were appointed for the five Divisions and talukdars and tehsildars for the districts.
The other important reform introduced by Salar Jung was the stabilization of currency. A central mint was established at Hyderabad and the district mints were abolished. He issued Hali Sikka rupees and this became the standard currency for all monetary transactions. A government treasury was established in the city, and the customs department brought directly under the government.
As Regent
On 26 February 1869, Asaf Jah V died, and his eldest son Mir Mahbub Ali Khan, a boy of two, was crowned as the sixth Nizam. Salar Jung, at the insistence of the British government, was associated in the regency along with the principal noble of the state, Shams-ul-Umara. In 1881, Shams-ul-Umara died and Salar Jung remained as the sole regent. During the lifetime of the Asaf Jah V, Salar Jung was considerably hampered by the Nizam's supervision, but during his tenure as regent, he enjoyed a greater authority. Salar Jung also personally tutored the Nizam on matters of the state.
In 1868, an attempt was made on Salar Jung's life, on the day of Eid ul-Fitr as he was proceeding towards the Nizam's court. Two pistol-shots were fired, of which one injured his attendant, while the other grazed his turban. The assassin was immediately captured, and would have been lynched by the crowd, however, Salar Jung forbade any further violence, and asked that he be handed over to the police. He sentenced to death by beheading, although Salar Jung himself had appealed for the sentence to be commuted to imprisonment. The motive for the crime remains unknown as the assassin never made a confession.
Sir Salar was created G.C.S.I. on 28 May 1870. In 1876, he visited England with the object of obtaining the restoration of Berar. Although he was unsuccessful, his personal merits met with full recognition. A London journal remarked - "Our guest is the man who, when Delhi had fallen and our power was, for the moment, in the balance, saved Southern India for England". He received the honorary degree of D.C.L. from the University of Oxford on 21 June 1876.
Art collection
In 1876 on a trip to France the unique "double sculpture " Mephistopheles & Margaretta sculpture was acquired by Khan. He also traveled to Rome where he purchased a marble statue called Veiled Rebecca.
The Salar Jung family had a history of collecting art, and eventually the collection of art from Salar Jung I, II and III all ended up in the Salar Jung Museum.
Personal life
He had two sons and two daughters. His daughter Amat-uz-Zehra married Asaf Jah VI, and he was therefore the maternal grandfather of the last Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan.
Death and legacy
He died of cholera at Hyderabad on 8 February 1883, and was buried at the Daira Mir Momin. A three-day mourning period was declared for all of Hyderabad State. His son Salar Jung II succeeded him as Prime Minister. His grandson enjoyed an estate of 1486 sq. miles, yielding an income of nearly £60,000.
See also
Salar Jung Museum
Salar Jung family
Hyderabad State
References
Further reading
External links
The First Salar Jung By Narendra Luther
The Salar Jungs
1829 births
1883 deaths
Jung, Salar
Indian knights
Salar Jung family
Jung, Salar
19th-century Indian politicians
People from Bijapur district, Karnataka
Deaths from cholera
Prime Ministers of Hyderabad State | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir%20Turab%20Ali%20Khan%2C%20Salar%20Jung%20I |
Abner Kirk "Trey" Junkin III (born January 23, 1961) is a former American football long snapper in the National Football League (NFL). Junkin played college football at Louisiana Tech University. Although considered one of the forefathers of the modern long snappers, Junkin also played at the tight end and linebacker positions.
Early years
Junkin attended Northeast High School in North Little Rock, Arkansas, and was a football star.
Professional career
Junkin played 19 seasons in the NFL for six different teams: Buffalo Bills (1983–1984), Washington Redskins (1984), Los Angeles/Oakland Raiders (1985–1989, 1996), Seattle Seahawks (1990–1995), Arizona Cardinals (1996–2001), plus a single game with the New York Giants in 2002. Primarily a long snapper and special teams player throughout his career, Junkin started out as a linebacker and later moved to tight end.
It is his one game with the Giants for which Junkin is most remembered. The Giants coaxed the retired veteran back to replace an injured Dan O'Leary. In a 2002 Wild Card playoff game against the San Francisco 49ers, Junkin botched a snap on a field goal attempt that could have won the game for the Giants, who had squandered a 38-14 lead. Holder Matt Allen attempted to pass the ball to Rich Seubert, but it fell incomplete. There was an uncalled pass interference penalty on the play, which could have led to another field goal attempt as a result of off-setting penalties, as the Giants were penalized for having an ineligible man downfield. Junkin took full responsibility and said that the Giants lost this game because of him. This play ultimately became #10 on NFL Top 10's Top Ten Meltdowns and Top Ten Controversial Calls at #7.
After the 2002 NFL season, Junkin went on to coach in the Canadian Football League for the Calgary Stampeders. After a short stint with the Stampeders, he rejoined his family in Winnfield, Louisiana. Junkin is now the defensive coordinator for his son Connor's high school football team, the Winnfield Senior High Tigers.
Junkin is the older brother of former NFL linebacker Mike Junkin.
References
1961 births
Living people
People from Conway, Arkansas
American football tight ends
American football long snappers
Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football players
Buffalo Bills players
Washington Redskins players
Los Angeles Raiders players
Seattle Seahawks players
Oakland Raiders players
Arizona Cardinals players
Dallas Cowboys players
New York Giants players
Calgary Stampeders coaches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trey%20Junkin |
Socialist Students is a socialist organisation with branches in universities, further education colleges and sixth form colleges in the United Kingdom. Socialist Students was established in the late 1990s by members of the Socialist Party (SP) who had built support for the Save Free Education Campaign amongst students in the battle over the introduction of fees when the Labour Party under Tony Blair was elected in 1997.
Socialist Students describes itself as a politically independent organisation, and has its own national committee meetings and annual conference at which motions are debated and voted on. Socialist Students produces the political magazine Megaphone. It is affiliated with International Socialist Resistance and takes part in campaigns such as Youth Fight for Jobs and "Hands off our Schools" against city academies. The two organisations have a joint presence on anti-war and anti-G8/climate change demonstrations, which they term the "Red Contingent". Socialist Students has been active in the recent climate change strikes.
Political programme
The organisation is broad, with some in the ranks being members of parties other than the SP - for example the Green Party of England and Wales, Plaid Cymru, the Communist Party of Britain and Labour, with the majority being non-aligned. The structure of Socialist Students is federal, with each society or organising its own activity and campaigns as well as building national campaigns. Socialist Students aims to be a forum for students interested in socialist and Marxist ideas, while giving students experience in debating, organising and intervening in struggle.
Socialist Students links the struggles of students with that of workers. Along with ISR and the Socialist Party, Socialist Students set up the Youth Fight for Jobs campaign.
Campaign to Defeat Fees
After the National Union of Students (NUS) demonstration against fees on 29 October 2006, Socialist Students members launched the Campaign to Defeat Fees to argue for a fighting platform against tuition and top-up fees.
Prior to the campaign's first day of action, Socialist Students received a message of support from National Union of Students, a message Socialist Students welcomed but were still critical of NUS's lack of action. The first day of action on 22 February 2007 featured action taking place at over 40 Universities and Colleges, which was followed by another on 27 April 2007, alongside various meetings on this issue organised by local Socialist Student societies.
So far students from 103 different schools, colleges or universities have signed the Campaign to Defeat Fees petition.
References
External links
Socialist Students national website
Higher education organisations based in the United Kingdom
Student politics
Socialist_Party_(England_and_Wales)
1998 establishments in the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist%20Students |
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