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Michael Henrich (born March 4, 1980) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. An NHL first-round draft pick of the Edmonton Oilers in 1998, Henrich played several years of professional hockey in North America before moving to professional hockey in Europe. Henrich is the first Jewish player to be selected in the first round of the NHL Entry Draft, and the only player taken in the first round of the 1998 NHL Entry Draft who did not play a regular season game in the National Hockey League.
Henrich's younger brother Adam Henrich was also a former professional hockey player for the Coventry Blaze.
Personal life
Henrich, who is Jewish, is from Thornhill, Ontario.
Playing career
Junior
Michael Henrich had a standout junior career with the Barrie Colts from 1996 to 2000 in the Ontario Hockey League. Barrie drafted him 5th overall in the 1996 Ontario Hockey League priority selection draft out of the Metro Toronto Hockey Leagues Midget Wexford Raiders.
In 1997 he was selected to the Ontario Hockey League all-star game, was voted MVP for Team Orr at the CHL/NHL Top Prospects Game and was voted by the Ontario Hockey League eastern conference coaches poll as best shot, hardest shot and most dangerous in the goal area.
In 1999–2000 he was an assistant captain of the Ontario Hockey League champion Barrie Colts. Barrie competed in the 2000 Memorial Cup in Halifax finishing runner-up.
1998 NHL Draft and North American Hockey
Prior to the 1998 NHL Entry Draft in Buffalo, New York, Henrich was rated high by the NHL's Central Scouting Service who ranked him 3rd in their initial rankings amongst North American skaters, and by many sportswriters, including USA Today's Phil Colvin, who had him ranked as the third best prospect in the draft behind David Legwand and Vincent Lecavalier.
Henrich was ultimately selected 13th overall by the Edmonton Oilers. He was selected ahead of eight future NHL All-Stars including Simon Gagne (22nd overall), Scott Gomez (27th overall), Brad Richards (64th overall), and Pavel Datsyuk (171st overall). As a result of Henrich not playing a regular season NHL game, coupled with the large number of NHL all-stars drafted after him, many sportswriters and networks cite him as an example of a draft bust, with NHL.com columnist and hockey author John Kreiser even listing Henrich as one of Edmonton's all-time biggest draft disappointments alongside Jason Bonsignore and Scott Allison.
His professional career in North America lasted four seasons in which he played a total of 9 preseason games for the Edmonton Oilers scoring 1 goal and 1 assist. He also played 219 games for the Hamilton Bulldogs, Toronto Roadrunners and Hershey Bears of the American Hockey League and 6 games with the Tallahassee Tiger Sharks of the ECHL.
International
In 1996–97 Henrich competed for Team Ontario at the World U-17 Hockey Challenge in Red Deer, Alberta where Team Ontario won the gold medal. He was selected to the Canada men's national junior ice hockey team selection camp in 1998 and 1999. He represented Canada men's national ice hockey team at the Deutschland Cup in Hannover, Germany in 2002 where Canada finished as champion. In 2003, he represented Canada men's national ice hockey team at the Sweden Hockey Games in Stockholm, Sweden, where Canada placed third.
Henrich played hockey for Team Canada at the age of 17 at the 1997 Maccabiah Games in Israel where the team won a gold medal.
Europe
Henrich played in the HockeyAllsvenskan for Mora IK in 2002. He spent the 2004–05 NHL lockout with the Austrian National League team EK Zell am See and won the league championship. In 2005, he played for the Füchse Duisburg of the DEL. In 2006, he played for the Grizzly Adams Wolfsburg of the 2nd Bundesliga and won the league championship. In 2008 he signed with Lega Italiana Hockey Ghiaccio club HC Asiago and won the league championship. He was a member of Dornbirner EC of the Erste Bank Eishockey Liga in 2012 and finished his career in 2014 with the Coventry Blaze of the Elite Ice Hockey League.
Career statistics
See also
List of select Jewish ice hockey players
References
External links
Michael Henrich Serie A Profile
Oilers: Q&A with Michael Henrich
1980 births
Asiago Hockey 1935 players
Barrie Colts players
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Jewish Canadian sportspeople
Coventry Blaze players
Dornbirn Bulldogs players
Edmonton Oilers draft picks
Grizzlys Wolfsburg players
Füchse Duisburg players
Hamilton Bulldogs (AHL) players
Hershey Bears players
Jewish ice hockey players
Living people
Maccabiah Games competitors by sport
Maccabiah Games competitors for Canada
Mora IK players
National Hockey League first-round draft picks
Tallahassee Tiger Sharks players
Toronto Roadrunners players
Competitors at the 1997 Maccabiah Games
Ice hockey people from Toronto
EK Zell am See players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Henrich |
Saadi Yacef (; 20 January 1928 – 10 September 2021) was an Algerian independence fighter, serving as a leader of the National Liberation Front during his country's war of independence. He was a Senator in Algeria's Council of the Nation until his death.
Biography
Yacef was born in Algiers. He was born in the bustling Casbah district of Algiers on 20th January 1928, to illiterate ethnic Berber parents. His parents spoke Berber rather than French or Arabic. The son of parents from the Algerian region of Kabylia, he started his working life at age of 14 as an apprentice baker. In 1945, at age of 17, he joined the Parti du Peuple Algérien, a nationalist party which the French authorities soon outlawed, after which it was reconstituted as the Mouvement pour le Triomphe des Libertes Democratiques (MTLD). From 1947 to 1949, Yacef served in the MTLD's paramilitary wing, the Organisation Secrete. After the OS was broken up, Yacef moved to France and lived there until 1952, when he returned to Algeria to work again as a baker.
Yacef joined the FLN at the start of the Algerian War in 1954. By May 1956, he was the FLN's military chief of the Zone Autonome d'Alger (Autonomous Zone of Algiers), making him one of the leaders on the Algerian side in the Battle of Algiers. He was captured by French troops on 24 September 1957 and eventually sentenced to death. General Paul Aussaresses later asserted that while in custody, Yacef betrayed the FLN and the Algerian cause by providing the French army with the location of Ali la Pointe, another leading FLN commander. Yacef denied it, and historian Darius Rejali considers the accusation as highly suspect. He was ultimately pardoned by the French government after Charles de Gaulle's 1958 return to power.
“The Battle of Algiers” movie, and Mr. Yacef’s 1962 memoir, “Souvenirs de la Bataille d’Alger,” which he had dictated to a friend in prison because he was barely literate, became a major influence on later guerrilla movements . After the Algerian War, Yacef helped produce Italian filmmaker Gillo Pontecorvo's film The Battle of Algiers (1966), based on Souvenirs de la Bataille d'Alger. Yacef played a character modeled on his own experiences (named as Djafar) in the battle.
Yacef died on 10 September 2021, aged 93, in Algiers. His daughter Zaphira Yacef stated that he had been suffering from heart problems before his death.
Quotations
•"I'm convinced that a battle of ideas is not enough. It's necessary to lead the armed struggle to the end."
•"We had nothing, we had to break the wall of fear. But when you have the people behind you, nothing can stop you."
•"It’s hard to start a revolution. Even harder to continue it. And hardest of all to win it. But, it’s only afterward, when we have won, that the true difficulties begin.”
•"Initially, we were just a few, but gradually, others rallied to our cause. The elderly, the young, women – they all united, recognizing the urgency. It's akin to a dormant warhorse, tranquil until stirred into action by a compelling trigger."
•"I will do whatever I can to help my country until my death. At the Senate I try to devise laws that fit in with the way people live, and I give my opinion. And I will always do this, even if I leave the Senate. I will always try and be useful."
See also
Zohra Drif
References
1928 births
2021 deaths
People from Algiers
Members of the Council of the Nation
Bakers
Algerian guerrillas
Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties politicians
Algerian People's Party politicians
National Liberation Front (Algeria) politicians
Algerian prisoners sentenced to death
Prisoners sentenced to death by France
21st-century Algerian people
Recipients of French presidential pardons | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saadi%20Yacef |
Association Football Club St. Austell is a football club based in St Austell, Cornwall, England in the United Kingdom. They play in the .
History
A.F.C St Austell were among the founding members of the South Western League in 1951. In over 50 years they claimed the title once, in 1968–69, and achieved four runner-up spots between 1963 and 1973. They remained in their original competition until 2007 when they joined the newly formed South West Peninsula League Division One West. In 2009–10 season A.F.C. St Austell gained promotion to the South West Peninsula Premier League by finishing runners up. A second success since came in the 2014–15 season when the club were crowned champions; their first league trophy since 1968–69 season.
They have played intermittently in the FA Competitions over the decades. Their best performance in the FA Cup dates back to 1947–48 when they made the third qualifying round, while in the FA Vase their most successful is the 2014–15 season, where the club reached the semi-finals, losing 2–1 on aggregate to Glossop North End. They also won the league and cup double.
In 2012, floodlights were installed on the ground, enabling the club to compete once again in the FA Cup and FA Vase tournaments.
In 2015 the club applied to take the step to the next tier of football but due to a failed ground inspection the application was denied by the FA.
2016 saw the team lift the league Cup.
2018-2019 saw the side come 5th level on points with Saltash and make the League Cup quarter final and the Senior Cup semi final. They also made it to 4th round of the FA Vase losing to eventual winners Chertsey Town.
To the start of the new 2019 -2020 season the club appoint Lee Hodges and Chris Todd as 1st Team Manager and Assistant Manager who left prior to the season starting and were replaced by St Austell favourites Chris Knight and James Powell for their 2nd spell managing the club.
The 2019 -2020 season was cut short from the world pandemic of Coronavirus, the season was declared null and void. They were in 2nd place at the time.
Mark Ferguson-Smith and Steve Wheatley were made the new manager and coach for the 2020 - 2021 season.
Season history
Ground
A.F.C. St Austell play their home games at Poltair Park, Trevarthian Road, St Austell, Cornwall, PL25 4LR. www.afcstaustell.co.uk
Honours
League honours
South West Peninsula League Premier Division
Champions (1): 2014-15
South West Peninsula League Division One west
Runners Up (1): 2009-10
South Western League
Champions (1): 1968–69
Runners-up (4): 1963–64, 1965–66, 1971–72, 1972–73
Cup honours
Cornwall Senior Cup
Winners (14): 1912, 1913, 1914, 1934, 1939, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1964, 1969, 1972, 2009, 2014, 2015
Cornwall Charity Cup
Winners (3): 1908, 1914, 1932
League Cup
Winners (1): 2016
Players
First-team squad
References
External links
Football clubs in Cornwall
Football clubs in England
Association football clubs established in 1890
South West Peninsula League
1890 establishments in England
A.F.C> | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.F.C.%20St%20Austell |
The Soviet A-7 VHF radio transceiver (later models include the A-7a and A-7b) was developed during World War II and used for communication in rifle brigades and regiments. The complete station was designed to be transported by an individual soldier.
Design and features
A-7
The A-7 is a portable man-pack, radio transceiver with narrow-band frequency modulation. The set can be used as a radio telephone in a wired network and managed remotely. Setting the frequency of the receiver and transmitter circuits is adjusted in tandem by one control handle. The antenna and buffer oscillator circuits are common for the receiving and transmitting circuits.
The receiver section is a superheterodyne design with a single frequency conversion, consisting of 8 identical 2K2M valves. A regenerative detector with adjustable feedback is used. The transmitter section includes a 2K2M modulator valve, a CO-257 buffer amplifier valve, and a CO-257 power amplifier valve. Switching from reception to transmission is achieved by switching the power from the heater circuits of the receiver and transmitter valves, alternately.
The transceiver with power supplies and accessories is housed in a wooden box with shoulder straps for carrying as a backpack. For long distances, the set is carried by two soldiers. The set only requires one radio operator. The deployment time is typically not more than five minutes.
Frequency range: 27-32 MHz.
Number of frequency channels: 101.
Transmitter output power: 1W.
Sensitivity of the receiver: 1-1.5 μV.
Intermediate frequency: 1100 kHz.
Antennas: a whip with a height of 2.5 m or a flexible wire 6.4 m long.
Range of action:
On rough terrain - up to 7–8 km.
On urban conditions - 3–4 km.
On slightly cross-country terrain outside of buildings - 10 km and more.
Power source: two dry anode batteries BAS-80 with a total voltage of 160 V and two 2 NKN-10 nickel-cadmium batteries. The time of continuous operation from one set is 35–40 hours.
Dimensions of the transceiver (without protruding parts): 285 × 135 × 165 mm.
Dimensions of the packing box: 210 × 385 × 330 mm.
Mass of the radio station: 15.5 kg, the battery weighs 6 kg.
A-7a
A-7a is a simplified version of the A-7. The total number of valves was reduced to 9. In the transmitter section, the functions of the modulator and power amplifier were combined into one valve, and in the receiver section one valve was used to simultaneously perform the functions of a high-frequency and low-frequency amplifier (the so-called reflex circuit). The ability to work by telegraph was removed. Energy consumption was decreased by about 30%, other main characteristics were not changed. The A-7a set was manufactured by various factories in several different variants: with and without a tone button, with one or two measuring instruments, etc.
A-7b
A-7b is a ten-valve version introduced in 1945. In the transmitter section two output valves are used in parallel. The transmitting range was increased by around 50%. The frequency range is 24-28 MHz. There is no feedback adjustment in the detector circuit.
The A-7b was also manufactured from 1950 to 1956 in Pardubice, Czechoslovakia by the Tesla company.
References
External links
Radiomuseum: A7 transceiver
World War II military equipment of the Soviet Union
Military electronics of Russia
Military radio systems
Radio in the Soviet Union | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-7%20%28transceiver%29 |
Wadebridge Town Football Club is a football club based in Wadebridge, Cornwall, England, in the UK. They play in the . The club is affiliated to the Cornwall County Football Association.
History
They were established in 1894 and joined the South Western League for its second season in 1952 and remained in membership until 2007 when they became founder members of the South West Peninsula League Division One West. During their time in the South Western League they had never won the league title, but on three occasions had finished in the runner-up spot. In their first season in the South West Peninsula league the club gained promotion to the Premier Division as champions. The club remained in the Premier Division until the end of the 2010–11 season when the finished bottom of the Premier division and were relegated back to Division One west.
They have competed in all three of the main national competitions, without any major success. The club has reached the third qualifying round of the FA Cup three times, the last being over thirty years ago, and prior to being accepted for the 2006–07 season, they hadn't been played in the tournament since 1984–85. They were among the teams selected for the first FA Trophy competition in 1969–70, but in six seasons never progressed past the qualifying rounds, and in a similar number of entries in the FA Vase their best run was to the third round in 1982–83.
Ground
Wadebridge Town play their games at Bodieve Park, Wadebridge PL27 6DJ. They have played at this ground since 1949.
The ground has seen a number of major improvements in recent years, with a new grandstand to replace the original wooden one, the installation of floodlights in 2004, and most recently, a project to reduce the slope of the pitch. In late 2006, however, the club applied for outline planning permission to build offices on their existing ground and to build a new pitch, to be shared with Wadebridge School.
Honours
League honours
South Western League
Runners-up (3): 1968–69, 1978–79, 1979–80
South West Peninsula League Division One West
Champions (1): 2007–08
Cup honours
South West Peninsula League Charity Vase
Winners (1): 2007–08
Records
Highest League Position: 2nd in South Western League 1968–69, 1978–79, 1979–80
FA Cup best performance: Third qualifying round 1958–59, 1968–69, 1969–70, 1971–72
FA Trophy best performance: Third qualifying round 1970–71
FA Vase best performance: Third round 1982–83
Former players
Players that have played/managed in the football league or any foreign equivalent to this level (i.e. fully professional league).
Players with full international caps.
John Brown
Reg Wyatt
References
External links
The Official homepage of Wadebridge Town F.C
Football clubs in Cornwall
Football clubs in England
South West Peninsula League
Association football clubs established in 1894
1894 establishments in England
Wadebridge | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadebridge%20Town%20F.C. |
The Juno Award for "Songwriter of the Year" has been awarded since 1971, as recognition each year for the best songwriter in Canada. It was also known as the Juno Award for "Composer of the Year" from 1975 to 1990.
Formerly presented for a single song, in its contemporary form the award is presented for two or three songs by the same songwriter; as long as the songwriter is Canadian, they may be nominated for songs that were recorded or performed by non-Canadian artists. Songwriting collaborators share in the nomination if they are both Canadian and common to all of the nominated songs; collaborators will be acknowledged, but not formally included in the nomination, if they did not share credit on all of the nominated songs or if they are not Canadians.
Winners
Best Songwriter (1971 - 1974)
1971 - Gene MacLellan (Special Award Canadian Composer)
1972 - Rich Dodson
1973 - Gordon Lightfoot
1974 - Murray McLauchlan
Composer of the Year (1975 - 1990)
1975 - Paul Anka
1976 - Hagood Hardy, "The Homecoming"
1977 - Gordon Lightfoot, "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald"
1978 - Dan Hill (Co-composer), "Sometimes When We Touch"
1979 - Dan Hill (Co-composer), "Sometimes When We Touch"
1980 - Frank Mills, "Peter Piper"
1981 - Eddie Schwartz, "Hit Me with Your Best Shot"
1982 - Mike Reno / Paul Dean, "Turn Me Loose"
1983 - Bob Rock / Paul Hyde, "Eyes of a Stranger"
1984 - Bryan Adams / Jim Vallance, "Cuts Like a Knife"
1985 - Bryan Adams / Jim Vallance
1986 - Jim Vallance
1987 - Jim Vallance
1989 - Tom Cochrane
1990 - David Tyson / Christopher Ward
Songwriter of the Year (1991 - 1998)
1991 - David Tyson
1992 - Tom Cochrane
1993 - k.d. lang / Ben Mink
1994 - Leonard Cohen
1995 - Jann Arden
1996 - Alanis Morissette
1997 - Alanis Morissette (Glen Ballard, co-songwriter)
1998 - Sarah McLachlan with Pierre Marchand, "Building a Mystery" by Sarah McLachlan
Best Songwriter (1999 - 2002)
Songwriter of the Year (2003 - Present)
References
Songwriter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno%20Award%20for%20Songwriter%20of%20the%20Year |
On February11, 2006, then-United States vice president Dick Cheney shot Harry Whittington, a then-78-year-old Texas attorney, with a 28-gauge Perazzi shotgun while participating in a quail hunt on a ranch in Riviera, Texas. Both Cheney and Whittington called the incident an accident.
The incident was reported to the Corpus Christi Caller-Times on February12, 2006, by ranch owner Katherine Armstrong. The Bush administration disclosed the shooting incident to the public the afternoon of February12. Local authorities released a report on the shooting on February16, 2006, and witness statements on February22.
On February14, 2006, Whittington suffered a non-fatal heart attack and atrial fibrillation due to at least one lead-shot pellet lodged in or near his heart. He also had a collapsed lung. Cheney did not speak publicly about the incident until February15 in an interview with Fox News. Early reports indicated that Cheney and Whittington were friends and that the injuries were minor. Whittington later clarified that he and Cheney were not close friends but acquaintances.
Shooting incident
Day of shooting
The shooting was widely reported to have taken place on Saturday, February11, 2006, based on the public statements of Katherine Armstrong, owner of the Armstrong Ranch. However, in her statement to the Sheriff, she said the shooting happened on February12. Harry Whittington said shortly after the incident, "Accidents do and will and that's what happened last Friday (February 10)."
Time of shooting
Mary Matalin stated on Meet the Press that "Somebody had talked to some ranch hand". Neither the Sheriff's report nor witness statements identify who this first reporter was.
The Secret Service said that they gave notice to the Sheriff about one hour after the shooting. Kenedy County Sheriff Ramone Salinas III states he first heard of the shooting at about 5:30p.m. from Captain Charles Kirk, and Salinas implies that he received 'official' notice from the Secret Service at about 5:40p.m.
The time of the shooting was not stated by Cheney.
The events
Cheney had a televised interview about the shooting on February15. On February22, the Sheriff's office released statements from Katherine Armstrong, Sarita Hixon, Pamela Pitzer Willeford, Oscar Medellin, Gerardo Medellin, and Andrew Hubert. Cheney's statement and all six other hunting party members specify that Cheney, Whittington, and Willeford had shot at a covey of birds. While Whittington was searching for a downed bird, Cheney, Willeford, and a guide walked towards another covey about away. Whittington approached within of the shooters, at which point a single bird flew up, around, and behind Cheney in the direction of Whittington. Cheney shot at the bird and hit Whittington.
Armstrong, the ranch owner, claimed that all in the hunting party were wearing blaze-orange safety gear and none had been drinking, and that at lunch they drank beer, which is slightly contradictory to her later statement that "there may (have been) a beer or two in [the lunch coolers], but remember not everyone in the party was shooting." Cheney has acknowledged that he had one beer four or five hours prior to the shooting. Armstrong said she never saw Cheney or Whittington drink until later at the house, where Cheney had a few cocktails. Armstrong did not actually see the incident happen, believing that the reason Cheney's security detail was running was that Cheney had a heart problem, but Cheney described her as an eyewitness in his Fox interview.
Secret Service agents and medical aides, who were traveling with Cheney, came to Whittington's assistance and treated his birdshot wounds to his right cheek, neck, and chest. An ambulance standing nearby for the Vice President took Whittington to close by Kingsville before he was flown by helicopter to Corpus Christi Memorial Hospital in Corpus Christi.
People present
At the scene:
Dick Cheney (shooter)
Harry Whittington (victim)
Pamela Pitzer Willeford (eyewitness)
Oscar Medellin (outrider, between Cheney and Willeford, flushed the bird)
"Secret Service personnel" were reported to be with the two shooters and Oscar Medellin
In a car at an unstated distance away from the shooting:
Katherine Armstrong, owner of the ranch
Sarita Storey Armstrong Hixon, Armstrong's sister
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department report
On February13, 2006, the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (an agency once headed by Armstrong) issued an incident report. According to the report, Cheney "was swinging on game" (i.e. turning to track it with his shotgun). The summary of the incident given was:
The report cited clear and sunny weather at the time of the shooting.
Whittington's injuries
Whittington was injured in the face, neck, and upper torso. Whittington was reported to be in stable condition at Corpus Christi Memorial Hospital and had been moved from intensive care to a "step-down unit" on Monday. Doctors decided to leave about 30 birdshot pellets lodged in his body rather than try to remove them. Each pellet was less than in diameter.
On February14, 2006, at 6:30a.m., Whittington suffered a minor heart attack and atrial fibrillation due to the shot pellets lodged in or near his heart, as well as a collapsed lung. He was immediately moved back to the intensive care unit. At about 9 a.m., Whittington underwent a cardiac catheterization test to detect blocked or leaky arteries. From the test, doctors found a single lead pellet.
Hospital officials said Whittington was alert and stable and that he did not experience chest pain or other symptoms of a heart attack. Doctors reported signs of inflammation, and Whittington was treated with anti-inflammatory drugs.
Whittington was subsequently discharged from the hospital on February17, 2006. At a press conference, he said: "My family and I are deeply sorry for everything Vice President Cheney and his family have had to deal with. We hope that he will continue to come to Texas and seek the relaxation that he deserves."
In a 2010 interview with The Washington Post, when asked if Cheney had apologized, Whittington declined to answer.
Information release
Though the shooting occurred on Saturday, February11, news of it was not released until after 2:00p.m. (Eastern Standard Time) on Sunday, February12. Kathryn Garcia, a reporter for the Corpus Christi Caller-Times, broke the story at 1:48p.m. after receiving an 11:00a.m. call from Katherine Armstrong, the owner of the ranch where the shooting occurred. Armstrong had notified Cheney earlier in the morning that she would inform the news media about the incident. She said Cheney agreed. Armstrong said that Whittington did not announce his location, and this led to the incident.
According to White House Press secretary Scott McClellan, news at the White House about the shooting "...was coming in to people back here, all the way at 3:00a.m. [Sunday] and beyond." McClellan would not state when the President first learned that Cheney had shot Whittington. When McClellan was asked if Andy Card had told Karl Rove that Cheney was the shooter, McClellan said: "...we still didn't have all the details at that point and additional details were coming into Andy Card at even three [...] in the morning and beyond."
The White House did not disclose the accident until a press conference on Sunday afternoon. McClellan said he did not know Cheney had shot someone until that Sunday morning. He remarked that he did ask the Vice President's office to release the information earlier. He said: "I think you can always look back at these issues and look at how to do a better job."
On February15, Cheney agreed to comment publicly about the accident on the Fox News Channel. He had previously avoided reporters by leaving an Oval Office meeting with United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan. Cheney visited Whittington in the hospital on Monday, February13, and at other times, telephoned him.
In the Fox News interview, Cheney accepted full responsibility for the accident.
Cheney acknowledged that White House Counselor Dan Bartlett and Scott McClellan "urged us to get the story out". Cheney said he was more concerned about accuracy and felt that Armstrong was the best person to make the announcement.
Investigations
Secret Service spokesman Eric Zahren said that about an hour after Whittington was shot, the head of the Secret Service's local office called the Kenedy County sheriff to report the accident. Kenedy County Sheriff Ramon Salinas III receiving a call of 'official' notice from the Secret Service 8–10 minutes after a Saturday, February11, 5:30p.m. phone call from Captain Charles Kirk.
Kirk had called Salinas en route to the Armstrong Ranch to investigate a possible hunting accident. The ensuing official investigation was performed by the Kenedy County Sheriff's department and published in an Incident Report written by Chief Deputy Gilberto San Miguel Jr, a Supplement Report written by Salinas, and several witness statements.
After Salinas finished his call with the Secret Service, Kirk called Salinas again to report that he couldn't get any information about the shooting at the Armstrong gate. Salinas told Kirk: "that it was fine and I [Salinas] would contact someone at the Ranch". Multiple news sources reported that local law enforcement officers were initially barred by United States Secret Service agents from interviewing Cheney.
After dismissing Kirk, Salinas called Constable Ramiro Medellin Jr to ask for information about the accident. None of the police reports say why Salinas thought to call Medellin or where Salinas thought Medellin was. In that first call to Medellin, Salinas reports Medellin saying only he would call Salinas back. Medellin called Salinas back and said that "This is in fact a hunting accident" and that he [Medellin] had spoken with some of the people in the hunting party who were eyewitnesses and that they all said that it was definitely a hunting accident. Salinas says he [Salinas] also spoke with another [unnamed] eyewitness and he[the witness] said the same thing, that it was an accident. Salinas states in his report: "After hearing the same information from eyewitness and Constable Medellin, it was at this time I decided to send my Chief Deputy first thing Sunday morning to interview the Vice-President and other witnesses."
On Sunday morning, Kenedy County Chief Deputy Gilbert San Miguel Jr. interviewed Cheney and other members of the hunting party. He said that Cheney characterized the incident as a "hunting accident".
On Monday, Miguel and Lt. Juan J Guzman went to Spohn Memorial Hospital to interview Whittington. Whittington requested not to be recorded 'due to his voice being raspy' but agreed to supply a written affidavit as soon as he returned home to his office. Whittington characterized the incident as an accident and said no alcohol was involved and that everyone was wearing proper hunting attire. Whittington described shooting at the first covey of quails, searching for a bird, then being sent by Katharine [Armstrong] to shoot the second covey. At that point, "a nurse came into the room and asked Guzman and Salinas to hurry up so Whitington could rest". The officers then left, telling Whittington, "I [Miguel] would give him a call in a few days to get the written affidavit". There is no public record of the promised affidavit being taken or released.
The Kenedy County Sheriff, Ramon Salinas III, has since cleared Cheney of any criminal wrongdoing.
Bush appointed Katharine Armstrong, a commission member of the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Steve Hall, education director for the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, said that the department would classify the shooting as an error in judgment by Cheney.
The news of the shooting was not released to the press for 21 hours until 1:48p.m. (07:48) Sunday, February12. Kathryn Garcia, a reporter for the Corpus Christi Caller-Times, broke the story after receiving a call from Armstrong at 11:00a.m., after confirming it with the White House and hospital.
A top Republican close to the White House said to Time magazine, "This is either a cover-up story or an incompetence story."
Controversial points
Questions have been raised regarding the shooting, even as Kenedy County Sheriff's Office documents support the official story by Cheney and his party.
Re-creations of the incident were enacted by George Gongora and John Metz, a photographer and producer respectively for the Corpus Christi Caller-Times. Also a hunter re-created it according to the Whidbey News-Times. All tests proved that the distance was much closer than the claimed. Local quail hunters have also argued that the range was closer, while others, such as forensic expert Jon Nordby, confirm the plausibility of the official reports.
The time of the shooting was estimated by Cheney and the other members of the hunting party to be variously between 5:30p.m. and 6:00p.m. In the Kenedy County Sheriff's Report, Officer Ramone Salinas III states that he first heard the news of the shooting from a Captain Charles Kirk at about 5:30p.m. Kirk had heard of the shooting prior to that phone call. In Salinas's statement, Salinas says he received official notice from the Secret Service 10minutes after the 5:30p.m. phone call. The Secret Service is reported to have said that they gave notice to the Sheriff about one hour after the shooting, which would put the time of the shooting at approximately 4:40p.m., 80minutes before the entire hunting party's recollection.
In popular culture
The incident, nicknamed Quailgate in the media, was the subject of jokes, satire and public ridicule. A number of these made reference to other controversies involving Cheney.
David Letterman began his Monday show on February13, 2006, with "Good news, ladies and gentlemen, we have finally located weapons of mass destruction ... it's Dick Cheney," and adding that "We can't get bin Laden, but we nailed a 78-year-old attorney." His Top 10 list was devoted to "Dick Cheney's excuses" and included "he thought the guy was trying to go gay cowboy on me." Al Franken, not yet a U.S. Senator, was a guest on Letterman's program a short time later. He asked people in the studio audience to raise their hands if they had ever shot anyone. He then asked people in the studio audience to raise their hands to indicate if they thought they would accompany a friend to the hospital after shooting him. Franken went on to suggest that Cheney's delay in going to the hospital may have been because he wanted to wait until all signs of his having been drinking passed.
Jay Leno also had a piece on The Tonight Show in which he pretended to host a game show with footage of George W. Bush and Pervez Musharraf that was taken during Bush's visit to Pakistan. Toward the end of that segment, the sound of loud bird calls was played, and Leno asked Cheney to take care of the problem, with footage of the Vice President shooting a gun then shown.
Both Dana Carvey and Paula Poundstone made jokes about this incident in their HBO and Bravo specials, respectively.
Carlos Mencia references the incident in a musical segment called the "Dee Dee Dee Song" in a season 2 episode of Mind of Mencia that aired on August 13, 2006, where he says "You wanna go hunting, for quail someplace, don't go with Cheney, he'll put a fucking shot in your face!"
Texas Monthly won the 2007 Best Cover Line of the Year Award from the Magazine Publishers of America for its January 2007 cover captioned, "If You Don't Buy This Magazine, Dick Cheney Will Shoot You in the Face."
Jon Stewart popularized the phrase "Cheney's Got a Gun" (a play on the 1989 Aerosmith song "Janie's Got a Gun") on The Daily Show soon after the event. Stewart and the Daily Shows correspondents repeatedly accentuated their disbelief at the absurdity of a sitting vice president shooting a 78-year-old man in the face while hunting quail raised in a pen and released mere seconds before they are shot. Stewart, for instance, pointed out that Whittington had been the first person to be shot by a sitting vice president since Alexander Hamilton, and that while Aaron Burr's fatal shooting of Hamilton was during a duel over issues of honor and political maneuvering, Whittington "was mistaken for a bird." Correspondent Ed Helms, reporting supposedly from Corpus Christi Hospital, said that Whittington's condition had been upgraded from "stable" to "stable, but still shot in the face by Dick Cheney." The show also used graphics from the video game Duck Hunt. After Whittington's post-discharge press conference, Stewart noted that Cheney's power was such that upon shooting someone, the victim would apologize.
The incident is mentioned in The Sopranos''' season six episode, "Remember When," where Junior Soprano, living in a mental care center after shooting his nephew (whom he confused with an old enemy because of his deteriorated mental state), writes a letter to Cheney asking for help, saying that they are "both powerful men" who were brought low "by unintentional incidents involving gunplay".
In the beta for the video game Halo 3, a medal called "Cheneymania" was awarded for killing 10 opponents with a shotgun without dying; the medal was later removed from the game.
On his first show after the incident, Stephen Colbert, host of The Colbert Report, confessed to having been involved in a hunting accident of his own over the weekend, then proceeded to show an edited version of Brit Hume's interview with Dick Cheney, featuring Colbert in place of Cheney. Colbert later mentioned the hunting incident in his appearance at the White House Correspondents' Association Dinner in 2006.
The incident has been parodied three times in the comedy Family Guy:
In the season 4 episode "Petergeist", Cheney shoots Peter at point-blank range several times while hunting, and apologizes, "Sorry, I thought you were a deer."
In the season 5 episode "Boys Do Cry", Cheney guards the President's house with a shotgun and, while sleeping, says, "18% approval ratings ... I'll give you 18% of my foot in your ass" about the drop in approval ratings to 18% which followed the shooting.
In the season 5 episode "Meet the Quagmires", Death says to Peter that "Dick Cheney shot "Supreme Court Justice Scalia" in a hunting accident and the bullet went right through him and killed Karl Rove and Tucker Carlson", referencing the incident.
In the fifth episode of Season 10 of Stargate SG1, Colonel Cameron Mitchell remarks about not wanting a Vice-Presidential bird hunt.South Park parodied the incident in the season 10 episode "Mystery of the Urinal Deuce". Cheney attempts to shoot a crossbow to kill Stan and Kyle but misses, leading him to exclaim: "Dang it! I missed again!"American Dad! parodied the incident in the season 11 episode "Blagsnarst, a Love Story" when Roger takes aim at a helicopter and states: "...I just have to pretend I'm Dick Cheney and that helicopter is my friend's face."
In Boston Legal, attorney Alan Shore points to the incident several times to show how the legal system is selective in how it looks at violent incidents involving high-profile individuals.
During a Saturday Night Live skit, Kristen Wiig as Diane Sawyer mentions the incident during a mock interview regarding Cheney's accomplishments as vice president, in which he denies feeling any regrets for the situation. In a later sketch, former President George W Bush (Will Ferrell) shows surprise when then Vice President Joe Biden did not own a shotgun, remarking, "What kind of Vice President are you?"
Former President Barack Obama also joked about this subject. In his speech for the White House Correspondents' Association Dinner on May 9, 2009, he said Mr. Cheney was 'very busy working on his memoirs, tentatively titled, How to Shoot Friends and Interrogate People, a humorous allusion to the self-help classic How to Win Friends and Influence People. Obama also joked about the incident in his final White House Correspondents' Association Dinner as president, in 2016, when he thanked then Vice President Joe Biden "for not shooting anybody in the face".
Episode 9 of the first season of Patriot, titled "Dick Cheney", is about a planned duck-hunting "accident".
The 2018 film Vice has a scene that portrays this Dick Cheney hunting accident and is shown in the movie trailer for the film.The Mindy Project makes a reference to the shooting in Season 4, Episode 21, "Under the Texan Sun." The main character, Mindy, is scared while on a walk at night during a visit to Texas and says: "I am walking on a dirt road in Texas in the middle of the night. Dick Cheney could be running around here looking for some pheasants."Bob Rivers made a parody song about the incident called "Cheney's Got a Gun", another parody of "Janie's Got a Gun" by Aerosmith.
Vic Chesnutt poked fun at the incident on "Dick Cheney", which was recorded on Skitter on Take-Off.''
Legacy
For years afterward, editorial cartoons and comedians continued to crack jokes about the incident.
Cheney was criticized for his handling of the matter. According to polls on February27, 2006, two weeks after the accident, Dick Cheney's approval rating had dropped 5 percentage points to 18%.
See also
Burr–Hamilton duel
Hunting license
References
External links
Witness Statements
2006 controversies in the United States
2006 in American politics
Hunting incident
February 2006 events in the United States
George W. Bush administration controversies
Hunting in the United States
Kenedy County, Texas
Non-fatal shootings
2006 in Texas
Political controversies in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick%20Cheney%20hunting%20accident |
The Juno Award for "Instrumental Album of the Year" has been awarded since 1976, as recognition each year for the best instrumental album in Canada. The award was originally called the "Instrumental Artist of the Year".
Winners
Instrumental Artist(s) of the Year (1976 - 1987)
1976 - Hagood Hardy
1977 - Hagood Hardy
1978 - André Gagnon
1979 - Liona Boyd
1980 - Frank Mills
1981 - Frank Mills
1982 - Liona Boyd
1983 - Liona Boyd
1984 - Liona Boyd
1985 - Canadian Brass
1986 - David Foster
1987 - David Foster
Instrumental Artist(s) of the Year (1989 - 1998)
1989 - David Foster
1990 - Manteca
1991 - Ofra Harnoy
1992 - Shadowy Men on a Shadowy Planet
1993 - Ofra Harnoy
1994 - Ofra Harnoy
1995 - André Gagnon
1996 - Liona Boyd
1997 - Ashley MacIsaac
1998 - Leahy
Best Instrumental Album (1999 - 2002)
2000 - Natalie MacMaster, In My Hands
2001 - Jesse Cook, Free Fall
2002 - Oscar Lopez, Armando's Fire
Instrumental Album of the Year (2003 - Present)
2003 - Robert Michaels, Allegro
2004 - I Sorenti, Italian Love Songs
2005 - Oscar Lopez, Mi Destino/My Destiny
2006 - Daniel Lanois, Belladonna
2007 - Sisters Euclid, Run Neil Run
2008 - Jayme Stone, The Utmost
2009 - DJ Brace, DJ Brace presents The Electric Nosehair Orchestra, Nostomania
2010 - Bell Orchestre, As Seen Through The Windows
2011 - Fond of Tigers, Continent & Western
2012 - Stretch Orchestra, Stretch Orchestra
2013 - Pugs and Crows, Fantastic Pictures
2014 - Esmerine, Dalmak
2015 - Quartango, Encuentro
2016 - Colin Stetson and Sarah Neufeld, Never Were the Way She Was
2017 - The Fretless, Bird's Nest
2018 - Do Make Say Think, Stubborn Persistent Illusions
2019 - Gordon Grdina, China Cloud
2020 - Alexandra Stréliski, Inscape
2021 - Blitz//Berlin, Movements III
2022 - David Myles, That Tall Distance
2023 - Esmerine, Everything Was Forever Until It Was No More
References
Instrumental Album
Album awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno%20Award%20for%20Instrumental%20Album%20of%20the%20Year |
Ponto Lake is a lake located north and east of Backus, Minnesota.
A public access is located on the southeast shore just north of State Highway 84. The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (MNDNR) has classified Minnesota's lakes into 43 different classes based on physical, chemical and other characteristics. Ponto Lake is in Lake Class 23; lakes in this class generally have hard water, are very deep and clear, and have a low amount of lake area less than 15 feet deep. This lake is managed primarily for walleye and northern pike and secondarily for bluegill, black crappie, largemouth bass, and yellow perch.
Ponto Lake has an abundant population of naturally reproducing walleye. The average length of these walleye was , and the largest sampled was . Northern pike were also abundant, averaged about long, and had a maximum length of . Ponto Lake has a good population of largemouth bass, and fish up to were sampled. Bluegill, black crappie and yellow perch are available for anglers, however numbers sampled in the 2002 assessment were low.
References
Minnesota DNR Lake Information
Lakes of Minnesota
Lakes of Cass County, Minnesota | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponto%20Lake |
Truro City Football Club () is an English football club based in Truro, Cornwall. They compete in the National League South, at the sixth tier of the English football league system. They are the highest ranked club from Cornwall. The club had previously played in what was known as the Conference South in 2011, following five promotions in six seasons. They were relegated at the end of the 2012–13 season after going into administration, but returned to that level, now known as the National League South, in 2015, before being relegated back to the Southern League in 2019.
They were founding members of the South Western League in 1951 and won the title five times in their history. Apart from a three-season spell in the 1970s, when they played in the Cornwall Combination after losing their ground as part of a by-pass development, they remained in the South Western League until 2006, when they joined the Western Football League, achieving promotion from Division One to the Premier Division in their first season.
Truro were FA Cup regulars throughout the 1950s, but subsequently they were sporadic entrants until a permanent return to the competition in the 2006–07 season, their first appearance in 13 years, then in 2017 they reached the first round for the first time in their history losing away to Charlton Athletic. They won the FA Vase in 2006–07.
History
In 1889 Truro City became one of the founding members of the Cornwall County Football Association (CCFA). Later in 1889, they played their first game at Truro School against Penzance, winning 7–1. They then switched to Tolgarrick for their future games. Six years later in 1895, they won their first, the Cornwall Senior Cup, beating Launceston 5–0.
In the 1930s Truro left Cornish football for a time, joining the Plymouth and District League, which they went on to win in 1936–37. However, as a result of this switch, they were barred from competing the Cornwall Senior Cup, although they were re-admitted again in 1938.
They were founding members of the South Western League in 1951, but stumbled in the initial years, requiring re-election in both of their first two seasons to remain in the league. However, they won the championship five times since, and were only out of the division for three seasons when they lost their ground due to road widening.
The 2000s
In the 2005–06 season, they finished runners-up in the South Western League and were promoted to the Western League Division One, becoming champions at the first attempt. They also won the 2006–07 FA Vase, beating AFC Totton 3–1 in the final, held at the new Wembley Stadium in front of an FA Vase record crowd of 36,232 fans, becoming the first Cornish football club to win a national trophy.
In their first season in the Western League Premier Division, Truro gained promotion to the Southern League at the first attempt, and became the first Cornish side ever to play in the Southern League, only three promotions from the Football League. They were faced with the longest travelling mileage of any club at their level due to the prevalence of Wiltshire-based clubs in the Western League.
Towards the end of the 2007–08 season, after the club's promotion to the Southern League was earned, chairman Kevin Heaney issued a statement reversing an earlier decision to turn the club fully professional for the following season, which led to the resignation of boss Dave Leonard. For the remainder of the season, Director of Football Chris Webb took charge, assisted by former boss Dave Newton.
Heaney owned a housing company and despite a slump in the housing market, the club were able to attract many players on higher wages from higher leagues. Heaney had stated he believed that long term, due to the large population catchment area, that Truro City could support a Football League Two club, but he also stated that he was looking to sell the club before they achieve this level. Despite his housing company having gone into liquidation owing £4.5m, he categorically denied claims that his money was drying up and said that he would continue to fund the club's success.
In May 2008 former Plymouth Argyle and Exeter City striker Sean McCarthy was appointed the new Truro manager and the club appointed Dave Newton as his assistant. On 7 December 2009 Sean McCarthy left the club by mutual consent following a 7–2 away defeat to Stourbridge. On 22 December 2009 Truro signed Mangotsfield United midfielder Kyle Tooze, for an undisclosed fee, thought to be in the region of £5,000. On 29 December 2009 Steven Thompson was announced as the new manager with immediate effect, but on 29 March 2010 he left the club by mutual consent after only winning five out of his 18 games in charge, with the chance of reaching the play-offs unrealistic.
The 2010s
Promotion to the sixth tier
Lee Hodges was appointed as Thompson's replacement, and had a successful first season in charge as on 23 April 2011, Truro were promoted as champions of the Southern League to the Conference South for the 2011–12 season with one league game remaining after a 3–0 win at Banbury United.
In 2011–12, Truro finished in a respectable 14th place in their first ever season in the Conference South, but financial troubles were to follow.
Financial trouble
On 25 August 2011, HM Revenue and Customs presented a winding-up petition to the club due to unpaid taxes of over £100,000. Prior to this, chairman Kevin Heaney had to quell rumours of the club being sold. A meeting on 31 October 2011 between the club and HMRC resulted in a postponement of the winding-up process to allow the club until 16 January 2012 to pay their taxes. When the case was called, the Registrar was told that two hours before the hearing the tax debt had been "paid in full." A further winding-up petition was lodged by HMRC in the High Court of Justice (Chancery Division) on 30 March 2012, with a hearing on 30 April 2012 when the club was expected to pay £51,000 to HM Revenue and Customs. When this was not paid, a further extension to 25 June 2012 was granted, but the petition was dismissed when the bill was ultimately settled. Four other parties were also claiming monies amounting to around £700,000, but the club disputed these claims.
Chairman Kevin Heaney stepped down on 24 August 2012 after being declared bankrupt, and he was replaced by vice-chairman Chris Webb. On 31 August, Truro City F.C. filed for administration after the first-team players, who had not been paid during August, informed the club that they would not play against Boreham Wood on 1 September unless this course of action was taken. On 3 September, a further HMRC winding-up order over a tax bill of £15,000 was postponed until 17 September, but this order would be dismissed if the club went into administration, which it did the following day. Ten points were deducted from Truro's total, leaving them bottom of the Conference South table.
On 11 October 2012, Truro City's administrators failed to meet the deadline for the Football Conference's requirement of a £50,000 bond that would enable the club to continue in the Conference South. This bond was to cover the costs of visiting clubs should Truro be liquidated during the season and their results be expunged from the record. A reduced amount was offered by the club, and was refused by the Conference. The match at home to Dover Athletic on 13 October was called off, and the club was expected to be expelled from the league with liquidation probably following such an expulsion.
However, on 12 October the Conference gave the club another week to pay the bond, in the light of "encouraging" information from the administrator. After a preferred bidder pulled out on the morning of 19 October, the bond remained unpaid and the club was set to be expelled from the Football Conference, but discussions continued and City were reprieved later the same day when two businessmen, Pete Masters and Philip Perryman, paid the £50,000 bond. The pair completed a deal to purchase the club on 14 December 2012.
The new ownership were unable to prevent relegation from the Conference South, and Lee Hodges was not offered a new contract at the end of the season as the club were still unable to afford his wages. On 5 June 2013, a CVA was agreed with the club's creditors, reducing the debt to £80,000 to be paid over three years. This agreement allowed City to begin the 2013–14 season in the Premier Division of the Southern League.
Post-administration
Hodges was replaced in June 2013 by Steve Massey, returning for his third spell as manager, having been in the post previously between 1992–94 and 2005–06. Massey was sacked on 12 March 2014 with City struggling in 19th place in the Southern League. The following day, Steve Tully was appointed player-manager until the end of the season.
Tully earned the job on a permanent basis, and under his guidance Truro were promoted back to the Conference South, renamed the National League South, after winning the 2014–15 Southern Football League play-off final 1–0 at home to St Neots Town on 4 May 2015.
The 2015–16 season in the National League South would be just the second time Truro had played at that level, where they finished 4th and reached the playoffs, losing to Maidstone United in the semi-finals. The 2016–17 season saw the club do less well, finishing 19th, just one place above the relegation zone. Steve Tully was relieved of his managerial duties and replaced by Lee Hodges, who had only left the club three years prior.
In 2017–18, the club bounced back and finished 7th, which again qualified them for the play-offs, in which they lost 3–1 to Hampton & Richmond Borough in the qualifying-round. That season also saw the club go on an FA Cup run, making the first round proper, where they were beaten 3–1 by Charlton Athletic at The Valley, Tyler Harvey being the Truro goalscorer.
The club's lack of consistency was prominent again in the 2018–19 season, where after just two games long-serving manager Lee Hodges resigned. The club poached Taunton Town manager Leigh Robinson and his assistant Michael Meaker, but they were both sacked in March 2019, with the club 19th in the league. Paul Wilkinson was named caretaker-manager but couldn't save the club, who eventually finished 20th and were relegated to the Southern League. Wilkinson left the club to become manager of EFL League One side Bury, and was replaced by Paul Wotton ahead of the 2019–20 season. They returned to the National League South in the 2022–23 season, defeating Bracknell Town 3–2 with a last-minute winner in the play-off final.
Crest and colours
Crest evolution
Stadium
Truro City traditionally played their home games at Treyew Road, Truro, TR1 2TH. The ground had been their home since the mid-1900s. A covered terrace was in place behind one of the goals until the mid-1970s when a road widening scheme resulted in it being removed. Only in recent years have they added to their old stand and erected two new stands on opposite sides of the ground lifting the capacity to approximately 3,000.
In 2005 the club announced plans to build a new 16,000-seater stadium in Truro as a new home for the city's football club. However, the £12m plans were opposed by some residents who live near the proposed site at Treyew Road. In 2006, the club revealed plans for a £7m football training complex. The club wanted to build two new pitches and a club house on land in Kenwyn, Truro with a 60-bed hotel and offices at its present Treyew Road base. However, in 2007, Carrick District Council rejected the plans for the new 16,000-seater stadium, a decision which club chairman Kevin Heaney described as a 'major blow'.
In 2011 Cornwall Council started developing a business plan for the proposed Stadium for Cornwall, which would host both Truro City and the Cornish Pirates rugby union team.
In 2014, the club sold Treyew Road for redevelopment, with the intention of using the money as their share of the development costs for the planned new stadium. The club received three extensions allowing them to stay at the ground following its sale, but in the summer of 2018, the development company announced its plans to begin work on the project immediately, forcing Truro City to find a temporary location. Eventually, the club came to an agreement with divisional rivals Torquay United to undertake a groundshare of their Plainmoor stadium, a ground that was 2 hours away from Truro. This agreement created the quirk of having more than 2,700 away fans than home ones in attendance when Truro hosted Torquay that season.
In October 2018 it was revealed that the deal with Helical Retail, who were going to redevelop the Treyew Road site into a supermarket, was off. In January 2019, Truro returned to Treyew Road, but insisted that their return to the ground did not affect their plans to share the proposed Stadium for Cornwall with rugby union club Cornish Pirates in future. The Pirates bought Truro in March 2019.
In January 2021 it was announced that the club will finally leave their Treyew Road ground and groundshare with Plymouth Parkway F.C. at Bolitho Park, Plymouth, until 2022 when the Stadium for Cornwall is scheduled to be finished.
in March 2023, Truro confirmed the extension of their ground share deal at Plymouth Parkway for the 2023/24 season.
Players
Current squad
Former players
Club staff
First-team coaches
Board members
Honours
League
Southern League Premier (Tier 7)
Champions 2010–11
Play-off winners 2014–15, 2022–23
Southern League Division One (Tier 8)
Champions 2008–09
Western League Premier (Tier 9)
Champions 2007–08
Western League Division One (Tier 10)
Champions 2006–07
South Western League
Champions (5) 1960–61, 1969–70, 1992–93, 1995–96, 1997–98
Cups
FA Vase
Winners 2006–07
South Western League Cup
Winners (3) 1959–60, 1966–67 (joint), 1992–93
Cornwall Senior Cup
Winners (15) 1894–95, 1901–02, 1902–03, 1910–11, 1923–24, 1926–27, 1927–28, 1937–38, 1958–59, 1966–67, 1969–70, 1994–95, 1997–98, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08
Durning Lawrence Cornwall Charity Cup
Winners (11) 1911–12, 1912–13, 1919–20, 1925–26, 1928–29, 1929–30, 1930–31, 1932–33, 1949–50, 1964–65, 1980–81
Records
Best FA Cup performance: First round (2017–18)
Best FA Trophy performance: Third round (2020–21, 2021-22)
Best FA Vase performance: Winners (2006–07)
Highest league position: 4th, National League South (2015–16)
Most League goals in a season (by team): 185 (2006–07, Western Football League Division One, 42 games)
Most League points in a season: 115 (2006–07, Western Football League Division One, 42 games)
References
External links
National League (English football) clubs
Football clubs in Cornwall
Football clubs in England
Western Football League
Southern Football League clubs
Truro
Association football clubs established in 1889
1889 establishments in England
South Western Football League | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truro%20City%20F.C. |
Torpoint Athletic Football Club is a football club based in Torpoint, Cornwall, England. They are currently members of the and play at the Mill.
History
The club was formed as a merger of Torpoint Triumph and Torpoint Defiance. They won the Cornwall Senior Cup, the Cornwall Charity Cup and the Plymouth & District League in 1905–06, and retained the Senior Cup the following season, before winning it again in 1908–09 and 1909–10. After World War I the club won the Senior Cup in 1919–20, 1921–22, 1922–23, 1928–29 and 1932–33.
In 1962 Torpoint joined the South Western League, going on to win the league title in 1964–65 and 1966–67. They were runners-up in the league in 1995–96, a season which also saw them win the Cornwall Senior Cup for the first time since the 1930s. In 2003–04 the club won the League Cup.
In 2007 the South Western League merged with the Devon County League to form the South West Peninsula League, with Torpoint placed in the Premier Division. Following league reorganisation at the end of the 2018–19 season, the club were moved to the Premier Division East.
In the 2021/22 season Torpoint Athletic became South West Peninsula Premier Division East Champions, the first time the 1st team have won a league championship for 55 years, the last time was in 1967 with Les Cardew as manager, his grandson Dean Cardew is the manager today. In this season’s cup competitions they got to the FA Vase 2nd Round Proper, competed in the Cornwall Senior Cup and won the Walter C Parson Cup Final, beating St Blazey 3-1 at Pennygillam, completing a League & League Cup double. They lost the SWPL Champions Bowl 4-2 to Falmouth Town (SWPL West Champions) at Bodmin Town.
Honours
South West Peninsula Premier Division East
Champions: 2021-22
Walter C Parson SWPL League Cup
Winners: 2021-22
South West Peninsula Champions Bowl
Runners-up: 2022
South Western League
Champions: 1964–65, 1966–67
Plymouth & District League
Champions: 1905–06
Cornwall Senior Cup
Winners: 1905–06, 1906–07, 1908–09, 1909–10, 1919–20, 1921–22, 1922–23, 1928–29, 1932–33, 1995–96
Cornwall Charity Cup
Winners: 1905–06, 1909–10, 1910–11, 1920–21, 1936–37, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1995–96
Records
Best FA Cup performance: First qualifying round, 2010–11 & 2022/23
Best FA Vase performance: Quarter-finals, 2010–11
References
External links
Official website
Football clubs in Cornwall
Football clubs in England
1887 establishments in England
Association football clubs established in 1887
South Western Football League
South West Peninsula League
Western Football League | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpoint%20Athletic%20F.C. |
Senior hockey refers to amateur or semi-professional ice hockey competition. There are no age restrictions for Senior players, who typically consist of those whose Junior eligibility has expired.
Senior hockey leagues operate under the jurisdiction of Hockey Canada or USA Hockey. They are not affiliated in any way with professional hockey leagues. Many former professional players play Senior hockey after their pro careers are over. The top Senior AAA teams in Canada compete annually for the Allan Cup.
History
From the beginning of the 1900s until the 1970s, Senior hockey was immensely popular across Canada, particularly in rural towns. At a time when most households didn't have a television and few hockey games were broadcast, local arenas were filled to capacity to watch the local team take on a rival.
The popularity of Senior hockey declined in the 1980s and 1990s. A number of long-running leagues and teams vanished. Today, many players choose to play organized recreational hockey, sometimes referred to as "commercial hockey." The popularity of the National Hockey League and Junior hockey has also supplanted Senior hockey in many towns across Canada.
Senior AAA hockey leagues
Allan Cup Hockey (Ontario Sr. AAA)
Allan Cup Hockey West (Alberta Sr. AAA)
Other leagues
Canada
North Peace Hockey League
Highway Hockey League
Big 6 Hockey League
Qu'Appelle Valley Hockey League
Carillon Senior Hockey League
South Eastern Manitoba Hockey League
Western Ontario Athletic Association Senior Hockey League
Avalon East Senior Hockey League
Central West Senior Hockey League
Eastern Ontario Super Hockey League
West Coast Senior Hockey League
United States
Union Hockey League
Great Lakes Hockey League
Mountain West Hockey League
Black Diamond Hockey League
References
External links
Allan Cup
Hockey Canada - Allan Cup
USA Hockey - adult hockey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senior%20ice%20hockey |
The 1967 Pan American Games were held in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, from July 23 to August 6, 1967.
Winnipeg was chosen as host of the Pan American Games on its second try. It first bid for the 1963 Games at the 1959 PASO meeting in Chicago. It lost to São Paulo, Brazil. The Winnipeg Pan American Society then turned its sights to 1967 and was named host nation at the PASO meeting at the São Paulo Games.
Host city selection
Three cities submitted bids to host the '1967 Pan American Games that were recognized by the Pan American Sports Organization (PASO). On April 22, 1963, Winnipeg was selected over Caracas and Santiago to host the V Pan American Games by the PASO at its general assembly in Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Medal count
To sort this table by nation, total medal count, or any other column, click on the icon next to the column title.
Note
The medal counts for the United States, Canada and Argentina are disputed.
Sports
Venues
The games used 17 different venues with a few still in use after 1967:
Winnipeg Stadium – opened in 1953 it was used for the opening ceremonies; it was demolished in 2013 for re-development as retail and commercial site known as The Plaza at Polo Park
Pan Am Stadium, University of Manitoba – hosted track and field and since renamed University Stadium
Pan Am Pool – Swimming and diving; re-used for 1999 Pan Am Games and now in use as public pool
Winnipeg Revolver and Pistol Association – shooting (rifle/pistol) ranges belong to a private shooting club. Team storage building now in use as an indoor pistol range.
Winnipeg Velodrome – Cycling; demolished 1998 and now site of retail stores
Royal Alexandra Hotel - Press Centre; built in 1908 it closed shortly after the Games ended and demolished in 1971
Broadcast
CBC Television
References
External links
Winnipeg 1967 - V Pan American Games - Official Report at PanamSports.org
Pan-Am Games
P
Sports competitions in Winnipeg
Multi-sport events in Canada
Pan American Games
Pan American Games
Pan American Games
Pan American Games
20th century in Winnipeg | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967%20Pan%20American%20Games |
Tavistock Association Football Club is a football club based in Tavistock, Devon, England. They play in the .
History
The club was formed on 8 September 1888, when sportsman and businessman Herbert Spencer summoned "interested persons to assemble at the Guildhall" where a committee would be elected under the chairmanship of his brother, Wilfred, with Herbert as his deputy and another brother, Kingsley, on the committee. They played their first games at the old Tavistock Grammar School playing fields, playing in the Devon League. In their second season of 1889 – 1890 they became the first winners of the Devon Senior Cup. In 1900–01 season the club then claimed their first Devon League title.
After the first world war the club achieved success in the Devon league, Senior Cup and Bedford Cup, during the 1920s however the club had to cease playing football at the end of the 1931–32 season due to debt. The club started playing again in 1937 and in 1939 amalgamated with three other local teams, Tavistock Comrades, Bannawell Blues United and Tavistock West End. With this amalgamation the club changed the colours of their strips from salmon pink shirts with chocolate collars and cuffs, to the present day red and black stripes.
After World War II the club joined the Plymouth Combination League First Division. In 1947 the Club President Herbert Thomas Langsford purchased their current home of Langsford Park and then two years later giving it under trust to the club. With a new ground the club entered the FA cup for the first time in the 1948–49 season.
They joined the South Western League for its second season in 1952. Apart from an eight-season sojourn spent back in local football, they had remained members of the South Western League until 2007 when they became founding members of the South West Peninsula League Premier Division. On only one occasion had they challenged for the South Western League title, on the 50th anniversary of their original entry into the league when, in 2002–03 they took the runner-up spot.
In recent times, Tavistock have entered the FA Vase in the 2004–05 season and made a mark in only their second season of entry, when in 2005–06 they reached the fourth round (last 32) before going out in North Yorkshire at Pickering Town. They were a founding member of the South West Peninsula League Premier Division in 2007, and were relegated after a 19th-place finish for the first time to Division One East after eight seasons. At the end of the 2014–15 season Tavistock clinched the Division One East title to return to the Premier Division after one season, beating Sidmouth Town at home 3–0. After finishing 3rd in their first season back in the top flight, they won the league 2016–17.
In 2018-19 they finished top of the SWPL league again and after one of the tightest contests with Exmouth Town that went to the last game of the season, they were promoted to the Western League for the first time in their history.
Ground
Tavistock play their games at Langsford Park, Crowndale Road, Tavistock PL19 8JR.
The ground had new LED floodlights installed in 2017, and has a capacity of 2000, with a stand for 200 people. There is a carved commemorative stone, dedicated to the Club President Herbert Thomas Langsford who gave the land to the club and who the ground is named after.
The ground has won several awards including:
Jewson South Western League Ground of the Year: 1996–97
South West Peninsula League Ground of the Year: 2009–10
South West Peninsula League Ground of the Year: 2014–15
South West Peninsula League Ground of the Year: 2015–16
Honours
Western Football League
Champions (1): 2021–22South West Peninsula League Premier Division:
Champions (2): 2016–17, 2018–19South West Peninsula League Division One East:
Champions (1): 2014–15South Western League:
Runners-up (1): 2002–03Devon League:
Winners (1): 1900–01
Runners-up (1): 1889–90Plymouth Combination League Division One:
Winners (1): 1950–51
Runners-up (1): 1948–49Devon Senior Cup:
Winners (4): 1889–90, 1968–69, 1977–78, 1982–83
Runners-up (2): 1900–01, 1927–28South Western League Challenge Cup:
Winners (1): 1968–69,
Runners-up (2): 1976–77, 1984–85Throgmorton Cup:
Runners-up (1): 2007–08Southern Cup:
Runners-up (1): 1897–98Bedford Cup:
Winners (11): 1920–21, 1948–49, 1949–50, 1976–77, 1977–78, 1983–84, 1986–87, 1989–90, 1996–97, 2004–05, 2005–06
Runners-up (1): 1981–82Victory Cup:
Winners (1): 1949–50
Club recordsHighest League Position: 1st in South West Peninsula League 2016–17, 2018–19FA Cup best performance: Third qualifying round 1954–55, 2019–20FA Trophy best performance: Second round 2022–23FA Vase best performance: Fourth round 2005–06
Committee members
President: Geoffrey Cox Q.C., M.P.
Chairman: Vacancy'Vice Chairman Martin Williams
Football secretary: Stuart James'
Trustees: I. Langsford, M.J. Symons
Honorary Life Members: R. Bartlett, R. Daw, D.E. Greening, J. Greening, S Greening, A.J. Meeds, D.R.D. Pethick, D.K. Symons, M.J. Symons, K. Wood.
Management team
First team manager: Stuart Henderson
First team assistant: Darren Spong.
Coach: Callum Davenport
Captain: Ed Harrison
Former players
1. Players that have played/managed in the football league or any foreign equivalent to this level (i.e. fully professional league).
2. Players with full international caps.
Marcus Crocker
Bill Fellowes
Kevin Parker
Eric Davis
Paul Adcock
Ben Camara
Doug Baird
Bill Shortt
Mike Trebilcock
Neil Langman
Roger Frude
Daniel Sullivan
References
External links
Football clubs in Devon
Association football clubs established in 1888
1888 establishments in England
South West Peninsula League
Tavistock
Football clubs in England
Western Football League
Southern Football League clubs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavistock%20A.F.C. |
State Route 158 (SR 158) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California. Known as the June Lake Loop, it is a loop route of U.S. Route 395 in Mono County that serves the community of June Lake.
Route description
The route is a loop west off of U.S. Route 395 passing through the community of June Lake, following the watercourse of June Lake, Gull Lake, Reversed Creek, Silver Lake, Rush Creek and Grant Lake, into the Mono Basin. The highway provides access to several vacation areas, trailheads, and scenic locations, including the June Mountain ski and snowboard resort.
SR 158 from north of June Lake to the northern junction with U.S. Highway 395 is closed during winters, typically from mid-December through mid-April.
SR 158 is not part of the National Highway System, a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration.
Major intersections
See also
References
External links
California @ AARoads.com - State Route 158
California Highways: Route 158
158
State Route 158
Inyo National Forest | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California%20State%20Route%20158 |
The Juno Award for Comedy Album of the Year is awarded as recognition for the best Canadian comedy album released in the previous year. Irregularly presented from 1979 to 1984, the award was then discontinued until the Juno Awards announced in 2017 that they would revive the category for the Juno Awards of 2018.
Winners and nominees
References
Comedy Album
Canadian comedy and humour awards
Album awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno%20Award%20for%20Comedy%20Album%20of%20the%20Year |
Laura Garrone (born 15 November 1967) is a former professional tennis player from Italy.
In her career, Garrone won five doubles titles on the WTA Tour. The right-hander reached her career-high ranking of world No. 32 on 19 January 1987. Her best Grand Slam finish was the fourth round at the 1986 French Open at Roland Garros.
WTA career finals
Doubles: 7 (5 titles, 2 runners-up)
ITF Circuit finals
Singles: 5 (4–1)
Doubles: 7 (5–2)
External links
1967 births
Living people
Italian female tennis players
Tennis players from Milan
US Open (tennis) junior champions
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in girls' singles
Mediterranean Games silver medalists for Italy
Mediterranean Games bronze medalists for Italy
Mediterranean Games medalists in tennis
Competitors at the 1983 Mediterranean Games
20th-century Italian women
21st-century Italian women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura%20Garrone |
U.S.A. Still United is the second remix album by Atlanta-based rap duo Ying Yang Twins. The summer hit, "Wait (The Whisper Song)", is featured here in its remix version, as is the remix of the follow-up "Shake" with labelmate Pitbull and dancehall superstar Elephant Man. Also included is the most recent single "Bedroom Boom" featuring Avant, plus five previously unreleased songs.
Track listings
CD
"Mr. Collipark's (Intro)" - 0:52
"Wiggle Then Move" - 4:34
"Ms. New Booty" (Bubba Sparxxx featuring Ying Yang Twins & Mr. Collipark) - 4:38
"Git It" (Bun B featuring Ying Yang Twins) - 3:57
"Get Yern" (Da Muzicianz featuring D-Roc of the Ying Yang Twins) - 3:37
"The Pink" - 4:10
"4 Oz." (featuring Three 6 Mafia) - 5:54
"Legendary Status" (Homebwoi featuring Kadalack Boyz) - 4:23
"Bedroom Boom" (featuring Avant) - 4:36
"Duts" - 2:07
"Wait (The Whisper Song) [Ultimix Remix]" - 5:42
"Shake [Remix]" (featuring Pitbull & Elephant Man) - 4:21
DVD
"Wait (The Whisper Song)"
"Badd" (featuring Mike Jones)
"Shake" (featuring Pitbull)
90 min. of behind the scenes footage, live performances, and interviews
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
Ying Yang Twins albums
Albums produced by Mr. Collipark
2005 remix albums
TVT Records remix albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.A.%20Still%20United |
The Juno Award for Classical Album of the Year has been awarded since 1977, as recognition each year for the best classical music album in Canada.
Winners
Best Classical Album of the Year (1977–1984)
1977 – Anton Kuerti, Beethoven - Vols. 1,2,& 3
1978 – The Toronto Symphony Orchestra, Three Borodin Symphonies
1979 – Glenn Gould/Roxolana Roslak, Hindemith; Das Marienleben
1980 – Judy Loman/R. Murray Schafer, The Crown of Ariadne
1981 – Arthur Ozolins, Stravinsky - Chopin Ballads
1982 – Orchestre symphonique de Montreal/Charles Dutoit, Ravel: Daphnis Et Chloe (Complete Ballet)
1983 – Glenn Gould, Bach: The Goldberg Variations
1984 – Glenn Gould, Brahms: Ballades Op. 10, Rhapsodies Op. 79
Best Classical Album: Solo or Chamber Ensemble (1985–2002)
1985 – The Orford String Quartet, W.A. Mozart-String Quartets
1986 – James Campbell (clarinet), Stolen Gems
1987 – The Orford String Quartet, Ofra Harnoy (cello), Schubert, Quintet In C
1989 – Ofra Harnoy, Arpeggione Sonata
1990 – Louis Lortie, 20th Century Original Piano Transcriptions
1991 – The Orford String Quartet, Schafer: Five String Quartets
1992 – Louis Lortie (piano), Liszt: Annees De Pelerinage
1993 – Louis Lortie, Beethoven: Piano Sonatas
1994 – Louis Lortie, Beethoven: Piano Sonatas, Opus 10, No 1-3
1995 – Erica Goodman, Erica Goodman Plays Canadian Harp Music
1996 – Marc-Andre Hamelin (piano), Alkan: Grande Sonate/Sonatine/ Le Festin d'Esope
1997 – Marc-André Hamelin, Scriabin: The Complete Piano Sonatas
1998 – Marc-André Hamelin, Marc-André Hamelin Plays Franz Liszt
1999 – Angela Hewitt, Bach: Well-Tempered Clavier - Book 1
2000 – St. Lawrence String Quartet, Schumann: String Quartets
2001 – James Ehnes, Bach: The Six Sonatas & Partitas for Solo Violin
2002 – Angela Hewitt, Bach Arrangements
Classical Album of the Year: Solo or Chamber Ensemble (2003–2021)
2003 – Marc-André Hamelin, Liszt: Paganini Studies & Schubert March Transcriptions
2004 – Gryphon Trio, Murphy, Chan, Hatzis, Kulesha: Canadian Premieres
2005 – Angela Hewitt, Bach: The English Suites
2006 – Marc-André Hamelin, Albéniz: Iberia
2007 – Jean-Marie Zeitouni/Les Violons du Roy, Piazzolla
2008 – Marc-André Hamelin, Alkan Concerto for Solo Piano
2009 – James Ehnes, Homage
2010 – Joel Quarrington, Joel Quarrington: Garden Scene
2011 – Gryphon Trio, Beethoven: Piano Trios Op. 70 No. 1, Ghost & No. 2: Op 11
2012 – Marc-André Hamelin, Liszt Piano Sonata
2013 – Amici Chamber Ensemble, Levant
2014 – James Ehnes, Prokofiev Complete Works for Violin
2015 – James Ehnes, Bartok: Chamber Works for Violin Vol. 3
2016 – James Ehnes, Franck & Strauss: Violin Sonatas
2017 – New Orford String Quartet, Brahms: String Quartets, Op. 51 NOS. 1 & 2
2018 – Janina Fialkowska, Chopin Recital 3
2019 - Gryphon Trio, The End of Flowers: Works by Clarke & Ravel
2020 - Angela Schwarzkopf, Detach
2021 - Ensemble Made in Canada, Mosaïque
References
Classical Album - Solo or Chamber Ensemble
Classical music awards
Album awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno%20Award%20for%20Classical%20Album%20of%20the%20Year%20%E2%80%93%20Solo%20or%20Chamber%20Ensemble |
Frank Welch (February 10, 1835 – September 4, 1878) was a Nebraska Republican politician.
He was born at Bunker Hill, Charlestown, Massachusetts on February 10, 1835 and moved to Boston in with his parents. He graduated from Boston High School and took up civil engineering. He moved to the Nebraska Territory in 1857 to Decatur, Nebraska serving as postmaster.
He served in the Nebraska Territorial council in 1864 and was presiding officer of the Territorial House of Representatives in 1865, also serving in the house in 1866. He was a register of the land office at West Point, Nebraska from 1871 to 1876. He was elected as a Republican to the Forty-fifth United States Congress serving from March 4, 1877 until his death in Neligh, Nebraska on September 4, 1878. He is interred in Forest Hills Cemetery, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts.
See also
List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)
References
External links
at the Nebraska State Historical Society. Retrieved on 2009-10-27.
1835 births
1878 deaths
People from Charlestown, Boston
People from Decatur, Nebraska
People from West Point, Nebraska
Members of the Nebraska Territorial Legislature
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Nebraska
19th-century American politicians
American postmasters | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Welch%20%28American%20politician%29 |
Porthleven Football Club is a Cornish football club based in Porthleven in Cornwall. Founded in 1896, the club competed in the South Western League from 1967 to 1977 and again from 1989 until the dissolution of the league in 2007, when they joined the new South West Peninsula League. They currently play in the .
History
Porthleven were established in 1896 and were founding members of the Cornwall Combination in 1959, winning the inaugural league title. After winning the Cornwall Combination three more times they moved up to the South Western League for the 1967–68 season. This proved to be a harder competition and, despite finishing in fifth place in their first season, the club were usually found in mid-table. After a poor 1976–77 season the club dropped back down, replacing their reserve side in the Cornwall Combination.
Another twelve-year spell in the Combination followed until, with two league titles and four other top three places behind them, Porthleven moved up again to the South Western League for the 1989–90 season. After seven years of fluctuating fortunes, the club began to enjoy more success from the 1996–97 season onwards. For eight straight years, mostly under the managership of Alan Carey, they finished in the top three. However, the ultimate prize – the league title – eluded them.
Following Carey's departure at the end of the 2003–04 season the club were forced to rebuild their squad, and consequently finished bottom of the South Western League in 2004–05, with the reserves suffering the same fate in the Cornwall Combination. Having successfully avoided re-election, Porthleven improved on this performance in subsequent seasons, and in 2006–07 finished 9th, high enough to obtain a place in the Premier Division of the newly formed South West Peninsula League. However, Porthleven withdrew their application for a place in the Premier Division for financial reasons, and from 2007 to 2008 they will compete in the South West Peninsula League Division One West.
Porthleven have entered the FA Cup on five occasions, but have only won one tie so far and have never made it through the preliminary rounds to the qualifying rounds. In the FA Vase success has been more forthcoming, with the club reaching the quarter-finals in 1997–98, becoming only the second Cornish club to reach that stage. They then went on to reach the third round or better in each of the next five seasons.
In June 2012 before the 2012–13 season, the club faced some bad news when the FA refused to allow them to enter any national FA competitions because they do not have toilet facilities in the home and away dressing room, and the referee's room.
Recent season-by-season record
Records dating back to the 1959–60 season can be found at the Football Club History Database.
Ground
Porthleven play their home games at Gala Parc, Mill Lane, Porthleven, Cornwall, TR13 9LQ.
Achievements
South West Peninsula League Division One west
Runners Up (1): 2007–08
South Western League
Runners-up (3): 1998–99, 2000–01, 2001–02
Cornwall Combination
Winners (6): 1959–60, 1963–64, 1965–66, 1966–67, 1978–79, 1988–89
Runners-up (5): 1960–61, 1964–65, 1977–78, 1984–85, 1987–88
Notable ex-players
Gary Bannister
Martin Gritton
George Torrance
Lee Mitchell
References
External links
Football clubs in Cornwall
Football clubs in England
South West Peninsula League
Association football clubs established in 1896
Cornwall Combination
Porthleven | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porthleven%20F.C. |
Mercedes María Paz (; born 27 June 1966) is a former professional tennis player from Argentina. She won three singles titles on the WTA Tour and reached a career-high ranking of world No. 28 in April 1991. Her best Grand Slam result was the fourth round at the 1986 French Open and the 1990 French Open.
Paz unexpectedly defeated defending champion Arantxa Sánchez Vicario in the second round of the 1990 French Open. Later that year, at the Virginia Slims of Worcester, Paz also defeated Sánchez Vicario in the round of 16. Five years before, in the semifinals of the 1985 Brazil Open, she beat top-seeded Gabriela Sabatini en route to beating Peruvian Laura Arraya for the title. In so doing, Paz became the first Argentinian woman to capture a major WTA event. In addition to wins over Sánchez Vicario and Sabatini, she also defeated top-seeded Jana Novotná in three sets to reach the semifinals of the Belgian Ladies Open in Brussels in 1989. The previous year, at the 1988 Hilton Head tournament, Paz had defeated Novotná in the round of 32 for the first time.
WTA career finals
Singles 6 (3 titles, 3 runner-ups)
Doubles 40 (22 titles, 18 runner-ups)
ITF Circuit finals
Singles (2–3)
Doubles (9–3)
Notes
External links
1966 births
Living people
Argentine female tennis players
Olympic tennis players for Argentina
Sportspeople from Tucumán Province
Tennis players at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Tennis players at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Tennis players at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Tennis players at the 1995 Pan American Games
US Open (tennis) junior champions
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in girls' doubles
Pan American Games medalists in tennis
Pan American Games gold medalists for Argentina
Competitors at the 1982 Southern Cross Games
South American Games gold medalists for Argentina
South American Games silver medalists for Argentina
South American Games medalists in tennis
Tennis players at the 1983 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1995 Pan American Games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedes%20Paz |
Legrandite is a rare zinc arsenate mineral, Zn2(AsO4)(OH)·(H2O).
It is an uncommon secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of arsenic bearing zinc deposits and occurs rarely in granite pegmatite. Associated minerals include: adamite, paradamite, köttigite, scorodite, smithsonite, leiteite, renierite, pharmacosiderite, aurichalcite, siderite, goethite and pyrite. It has been reported from Tsumeb, Namibia; the Ojuela mine in Durango, Mexico and at Sterling Hill, New Jersey, US.
It was first described in 1934 for an occurrence in the Flor de Peña Mine, Nuevo León, Mexico and named after M. Legrand, a Belgian mining engineer .
References
Zinc minerals
Arsenate minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 14
Minerals described in 1934 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legrandite |
Jahsh (جحش) is an Arabic male given name that was used before the era of Islam. Jahsh means "mule" in Arabic.
list
Jahsh ibn Riyab, companion of Muhammad
Ubayd-Allah ibn Jahsh (c. 588-627), one of the four monotheistic hanifs, first cousin of Muhammad
Abd-Allah Jahsh (c. 586 - 625), brother-in-law and companion of Muhammad
Zaynab bint Jahsh (c. 590 - 614), first cousin and wife of Muhammad
Abdu ibn Jahsh (c. 586 - 625), brother-in-law and companion of Muhammad
Hammanah bint Jahsh (d. after 641), companion and first cousin of Muhammad
Habiba bint Jahsh, companion and first cousin of Muhammad
See also
Arabic Name
Arabic-language masculine given names
Masculine given names | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahsh |
Plymouth Parkway Football Club is a football club based in Plymouth, Devon, England. They are currently members of the and play at Bolitho Park.
History
The club was originally formed by Stuart Cadmore in 1988 when a group of players left the youth team Plymouth Kolts and joined the Plymouth & District League in Division 4. In that same year the club secured sponsorship from Exeter Airport, and as part of that deal they changed their name to Ex-Air Flyers. They were the first club in Plymouth to be sponsored from outside the city limits. The club colours of yellow and blue are from the colours of the airport logo and remain the same today.
In their first season the club gained promotion and then moved the Parkway Sports Club. The club carried on to be promoted in successive seasons until it reached Division one and was waiting to join the Premier Division when the Devon League was formed in 1992. The club decided to apply to become members of the Devon League instead as the Parkway Sports Club had sufficient facilities to join the league. The club was accepted into the league but the club had to change its name, so they became known as EAF Plymouth FC.
Before the 1993–94 season the Sports Club offered a number of extra facilities and help to the club, so the club changed their name to Plymouth Parkway FC. Five seasons later in 1998 the club left the Devon league to join the South Western League. On the eve of the 2000–01 season the club became homeless with the loss of the Parkway Sports Club due to a disagreement over the terms of the lease and subsequent maintenance costs. As a result, and with special permission from the league, the club spent that season having to play all of its games away from home. During their build up to the 2001/02 season the club announced they would be developing an area of Manadon as their new ground, to be known as Bolitho Park. While work was being completed, with controversial assistance from Plymouth City Council, they used The Brickfields athletics ground in Devonport, before they moved to their new and current home in August 2003.
In the 2006–07 season the club entered the FA Vase for the first time, making it to the second qualifying round in their first attempt. A season later the club became founding members of the South West Peninsula League, when the South Western Football League and the Devon County Football League merged.
In the summer of 2016, Parkway merged with Plymouth and West Devon Football League club Bar Sol Ona, whose team became the Parkway Reserves in the East Cornwall League. It is here where Parkway got the design for their previous FC Barcelona-esque away kit from.
In 2018 the club gained promotion to the Western League and in 2021 was promoted to the Southern League.
Ground
Plymouth Parkway play their games at Bolitho Park (Stadio Bolithio), St. Peters Road, Plymouth, PL5 3JG. The ground has floodlights, a clubhouse, and has a capacity of 3500 standing and two covered seating areas for around 250 people.
Current squad
Honours
Pitching In Southern League Division One South:
Winners (1): 2021–22
Les Phillips Cup
Winners (1): 2018-19
South West Peninsula League Premier Division:
Winners (1): 2013–14, 2017–18
Runners-up (2): 2008–09, 2012–13
Plymouth & District League Division 2:
Winners (1): 1990–91
Throgmorton cup
Winners (1): 2010–11 2013-14
Devon Premier Cup:
Runners-up (3): 2003–04, 2004–05, 2005–06
Plymouth & District League Division 3 Cup:
Runners-up (1): 1989–90
Plymouth & District League Division 4 Cup:
Winners (1): 1988–89
George Gillin Trophy:
Winners (1): 2001–02
Runners-up (2): 1997–98, 2002–03
Stafford Williams Trophy:
Runners-up (2): 2000–01, 2001–02
Charity Bowl:
Winners (1): 2014-15
Edenvale Turf St Luke's Bowl:
Winners (1): 2013–14, 2017-2018
Records
Highest League Position: 10th in Pitching In Southern League Premier League South 2022-23
FA Cup best performance: Third Qualifying Round, 2022–23
FA Trophy best performance: Fourth round, 2021–22
FA Vase best performance: Quarter-finals, 2019–20
Highest League attendance: 1363 vs Cinderford Town, April 23, 2022
Club officials and staff
See also
Plymouth Parkway F.C. players
References
External links
Plymouth Parkway Official Website
Football clubs in England
Sport in Plymouth, Devon
Football clubs in Devon
1988 establishments in England
Association football clubs established in 1988
South West Peninsula League
Western Football League
Southern Football League clubs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plymouth%20Parkway%20F.C. |
Tin Star is a shoot 'em up video game developed by Software Creations and released by Nintendo for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES) in North America in November 1994. Starring anthropomorphic robot characters, it follows a seven-day adventure of the titular sheriff who fights the criminal Bad Oil Gang from taking over the town of East Driftwood.
It includes both third and first-person stages, and players can control the reticle either with a standard SNES controller, Super Scope, or the SNES Mouse. It is the third Software Creations game to be published by Nintendo, after Ken Griffey Jr. Presents Major League Baseball (1994) and (only in Europe) Plok! (1993). The game received positive reviews from critics, with praise for the presentation, especially the graphics and humor, but criticism of the monotonous gameplay and lack of challenge.
Gameplay
Tin Star is an arcade-style shoot 'em up game. It is compatible with the standard Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES) controller, the Super Scope, and the SNES Mouse, and is the first SNES game to be playable with all controllers. From Monday to Sunday, each day consists of shooting practice with a jug, action stages, and a fast draw with a Bad Oil Gang member. The game has 31 levels, unusual for a shoot 'em up game at the time.
Though all sequences involve the player controlling the gun reticle on screen, they differ in gameplay style, featuring side-scrolling stages in the third-person and first-person sequences similar to Lethal Enforcers. The third-person segments take place on rides, stampedes, and in town, and the first-person levels are located in jails, banks, and saloons. Tin Star fights the Bad Oil Gang involved in various activities, such as robberies of trains and banks, prison breaks, and shootouts.
Cash is gained by shooting enemies, and lost by wasting bullets and damaging the town. Cash is used to save progress, and the balance determines the ending of the story. There are objects to hit, such as canteens that regain Tin Star's hit points. However, if the canteen is hit in a stage, the bonus stage afterward is disabled. In the bonus stage, cash is obtained by shooting stars that surround a woman on a spinning disk.
Plot
Tin Star, a six gun-armed sheriff with Mo Crash as his sidekick and Aluminum as his horse, tries to save the town of East Driftwood from an overthrow by the criminal Bad Oil Gang. Led by Black Bart, its members include four Johnson brothers, Tiny, Bugsy, Lucky, and the Kid; and two Oil brothers, Snake and Crude. Bad Oil members have different strengths and incapacities, such as Snake Oil being fast with the gun but having poor aim, and Tiny Johnson being the opposite.
Tin Star's journey is chaotic from the start; a coach ride to the town is surrounded by criminals trying to shoot him, and when he arrives, he is instantly bombarded with missions of stopping the Bad Oil Gang's shooting of a saloon and cattle stampede. The town has just built its first railroad, which serves as its route to other prisons for the town's criminals to be sent. Many of the Bad Oil Gang members are sent to jail following multiple attempted train robberies; however, as Tin Star places the gang's Snake Oil in the slammer following a showdown, the inmates escape by wearing disguises and digging the ground for exits.
The Bad Oil Gang return to East Driftwood and shoot up the town disguised as women, taking advantage of the "Good Guy Code of the West" which restricts lawmen from shooting women and children. They try to rob a bank, take over another train, and trigger another cattle stampede. He dissolves all the incidents, in the process loophole-ing around the women-and-children rule by stating it applies only when unarmed females and juveniles are together. However, Tin Star is still unable to capture the group.
Tin Star is threatened with another quick draw by the Bad Oil Gang's The Kid Johnson. However, Tin Star faces the "Good Guy Code of the West" again, as The Kid, although an experienced gunfighter, cannot be shot due to being a child. The Kid goes away without any injuries, but the gang's leader, Black Bart, requests the kid disappear, and hires a town civilian to spread misinformation about Tin Star murdering the child. Tin Star is convicted of shooting a child and has his sheriff badge revoked, only to be taken by Black Bart, who replaces him. He is then knocked out by Mo's big brother and enemy, Schemp, and the Bad Oil Gang dumps the body in the middle of the desert.
Tin Star awakes to find his love interest and the mayor's daughter, Maria, informing him Mo has been kidnapped by the Bad Oil Gang, which is also terrorizing the saloon. Tin Star rides back to town disguised in a mask and saves Mo, stops a town shootout, finds The Kid and shows the residents he's still alive, successfully finishes off Black Bart in two quick draw encounters, destroys the Bad Oil Gang's headquarters, and gets his sheriff position back. What happens with Tin Star and Maria differs depending on the final score. Having below $750,000 results in Maria refusing to marry Tin Star, and $750,000–$999,999 results in the same with her instead marrying Mo, who inherited one million from his brother's will. If Tin Star has more than one million dollars, Maria is revealed to be Black Bart in disguise. Bart reasons that he wore it to learn Tin Star's secrets.
Development
Tin Star is the third Software Creations-developed game published by Nintendo, after Ken Griffey Jr. Presents Major League Baseball (1994) and (only in Europe) Plok! (1993). Nintendo hired the Manchester developer to work on a light gun game for the SNES in compensation for not assigning them a follow-up to Ken Griffey Jr. Presents Major League Baseball, which went to Rare. The game was developed out of founder Richard Kay's concept of a Western shoot 'em up with robot characters, inspired by the 1973 film Westworld. Software Creations was the first developer to hire professional artists, with a catalog including a hand-drawn animation style which Kay was a fan of. Tin Stars team included animator Scott Pleydell-Pearce and background artist Deborah Graham. It became one of six games featured by Nintendo at the 1994 summer Consumer Electronics Show (CES), and was released exclusively in North America in November 1994.
Reception
An estimated 50,000 copies of the game were sold.
Critics called Tin Star fun, easy, and suitable for young players. It was considered unique from other shoot 'em up games for its comic nature, cartoon graphics, and quick draw bosses, which Última Generación declared the best all-time aspect of games in the genre. It was found to be very playable due to its decent control and ability to modify cursor speed and difficulty. Computer and Video Games called it the best game to use the Super Scope, and GamePro and Total! claimed it was the easiest to play with the Super Scope and Mouse. The graphics were frequently lauded and called by Total! journalist Frank the best on the SNES; this includes the varied visual styles, colorfulness, jocularity, interactiveness, and attention to detail. The music and sound effects were praised for capturing a Wild West aesthetic, and the humor and story was enjoyed by many critics, except Markus Hawkins of Super Play and GamePros Tommy Glide.
Reactions to the gameplay were mixed. Some reviewers thought the levels were diverse, and others found the general experience monotonous, limiting in challenge, lacking in replay value, and taking under a day to finish. Hawkins was stressed by the quickdraw bosses, but lamented the recycled enemy placements and not being able to shoot at certain instances. However, Consoles+ found it much harder with easy segments in scarcity; and an Última Generación writer criticized a difficulty spike from the fifth to the sixth day, also finding it tough and annoying to kill small enemies. Some reviewers disliked the absence of a two-player mode.
Notes
References
External links
Tin Star at GameFAQs
Tin Star at Giant Bomb
Tin Star at MobyGames
1994 video games
Light gun games
Nintendo games
North America-exclusive video games
Rail shooters
Software Creations games
Super Nintendo Entertainment System games
Super Nintendo Entertainment System-only games
Video games about police officers
Video games about robots
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Western (genre) video games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin%20Star%20%28video%20game%29 |
The Juno Award for "Classical Album of the Year" has been awarded since 1994, as recognition each year for the best vocal classical music album in Canada.
Winners
Best Classical Album (Vocal or Choral Performance) (1994 - 2002)
1994 - Claudette Leblanc (soprano), Valerie Tryon (piano), Debussy Songs
1995 - Vocal Soloists/Choeur et Orchestre symphonique de Montreal, Charles Dutoit - Conductor, Berlioz: Les Troyens
1996 - Ben Heppner (tenor), The Toronto Symphony Orchestra, Andrew Davis - Conductor, Ben Heppner Sings Richard Strauss
1997 - Choeur et orchestre symphonique de Montréal, Charles Dutoit - Conductor, Berlioz: La Damnation de Faust
1998 - Michael Schade (tenor), Russell Braun (baritone), Canadian Opera Company Orchestra, Richard Bradshaw, Soirée française
1999 - Gerald Finley (baritone), Stephen Ralls (piano), Songs of Travel
2000 - Ben Heppner, German Romantic Opera
2001 - Karina Gauvin; Russell Braun; Les Violons du Roy, G. F. Handel: Apollo e Dafne & Silete Venti
2002 - Ben Heppner, Air Français
Classical Album of the Year: Vocal or Choral Performance (2003 - Present)
2003 - Les Violons du Roy, Mozart Requiem
2004 - Isabel Bayrakdarian, James Parker, Cello Ensemble, Azulão
2005 - Isabel Bayrakdarian, Tafelmusik Baroque Orchestra, Cleopatra
2006 - Isabel Bayrakdarian, Serouj Kradjian, Viardot-Garcia: Lieder Chansons Canzoni Mazurkas
2007 - Isabel Bayrakdarian, Russell Braun, Michael Schade, Mozart: Arie e Duetti
2008 - Measha Brueggergosman, Surprise
2009 - Ensemble Caprice, Gloria! Vivaldi’s Angels
2010 - Adrianne Pieczonka, Adrianne Pieczonka sings Puccini
2011 - Gerald Finley, Great Operatic Arias
2012 - Jane Archibald, Orchestre Symphonique Bienne, (Thomas Rösner, conductor), Haydn Arias
2013 - Karina Gauvin, Prima Donna
2014 - Marie-Nicole Lemieux & André Gagnon, Lettres de Madame Roy à sa fille Gabrielle
2015 - Gerald Finley & Julius Drake, Schubert: Winterreise
2016 - L'Harmonie des Saisons, Las Ciudades de Oro
2017 - Orchestre Symphonique de Montréal with Kent Nagano, L’Aiglon
2018 - Barbara Hannigan with Ludwig Orchestra, Crazy Girl Crazy
2019 - Barbara Hannigan with Reinbert de Leeuw, Vienna: Fin de siècle
2020 - Ottawa Bach Choir conducted by Lisette Canton, Handel: Dixit Dominus; Bach & Schutz: Motets
2021 - Toronto Mendelssohn Choir with Toronto Symphony Orchestra conducted by Sir Andrew Davis, Massenet: Thaïs, Erin Wall, Joshua Hopkins, Andrew Staples
References
Classical Album - Vocal or Choral
Classical music awards
Album awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno%20Award%20for%20Classical%20Album%20of%20the%20Year%20%E2%80%93%20Vocal%20or%20Choral%20Performance |
Penzance Association Football Club is a Charter Standard Football Club based in Penzance, Cornwall in the United Kingdom. They were established in 1888 and were founding members of the South Western League in 1951, and maintained membership of that league until 2007 when they joined the newly formed South West Peninsula League Division One West. In common with many other teams that play in black-and-white stripes, they are nicknamed The Magpies. They currently play in the .
History
Penzance AFC was founded in 1888, the same year as the Football League was established. They played their first match that season against employees of the Eastern Telegraph Company, based in Porthcurno. The following year, the club was one of the founding members of the Cornwall County Football Association. In the 1892–93 season, the club won the first award of the Cornwall Senior Cup, beating Launceston 5–0 in the final. They missed out on the final in the next two seasons, but then appeared in the following six finals, winning three of those matches. In the first sixteen years of the competition, Penzance making ten appearances in the final, winning six of them and losing four. In five of those appearances, their opponents were Launceston, including four years running from the 1897–98 season. In the 1947–48 season, the club celebrated a double, winning both the Senior Cup, and the Cornwall Charity Cup.
Penzance were founding members of the South Western League in 1951, and participated in the competition throughout its existence until it was merged with the Devon County League to form the South West Peninsula League. They enjoyed mixed success in the competition, winning the League in consecutive seasons in 1955–56 and 1956–57, and then again in 1974–75, before in later years suffering from a series of finishes in the bottom half of the table. They finished bottom of the league in 1986–87, 1990–91 and 1991–82, but were not relegated from the league on any of these occasions. Upon the creation of the South West Peninsula League, Penzance were placed in Division One West due to their position in the previous season's South Western League, when they had finished in sixteenth out of nineteen teams. After finishing eleventh in their first season in the new league, they won the Division in 2008–09, gaining promotion to the Premier Division. They also won the Cornwall Charity Cup, the first county cup they had won since claiming the Senior Cup in 1981.
In 1988–89, to celebrate their centenary year, Penzance hosted English champions Liverpool and Scottish champions Celtic The match against Liverpool, played in August 1988 attracted a crowd of over 5,000 as Penzance lost 6–0. 2,000 people attended the Celtic match, watching as the Scottish team also claimed a 6–0 victory over the Magpies in March 1989.
Penzance have appeared in both the FA Cup and the FA Vase on multiple occasions, their most recent FA Cup appearance being during the 2006–07. Their most successful campaign came in 1955–56, when they reached the Third Qualifying Round, taking Bideford of the Western League to a replay. They have appeared in the FA Vase in every season since 2004–05, failing to get past the Second Qualifying Round.
In June 2012 before the 2012–13 season, the club faced some bad news when the FA refused to allow them to enter any national FA competitions because they do not have toilet facilities in the home and away dressing room, and the referee's room.
Ground
Penzance play their home matches at Penlee Park, Alexandra Place, Penzance, Cornwall, TR18 4NE. The ground was opened in 1952 by Sir Stanley Rous, a former referee, and at the time, secretary of the Football Association. To mark the official opening of the new ground, Penzance played a match against Luton Town, who were at the time playing in Division Two. The ground has a 550-seat stand, clubhouse, tea hut and parking. In 1954, Penlee Park hosted a match between West Ham United and Swansea Town of the Football League, attracting over 7,000 football supporters.
Reserves
Penzance Reserves have played in the Cornwall Combination League since its foundation in 1959–60. They were runners-up in the competition in 1965–66 and 2001–02. Like the first-team, they have finished bottom of their league a number of times but avoided relegation, doing so in 1961–62, 1985–86 and most recently in 2007–08. They now play in the Trelawney League Division 1 having been promoted at the conclusion of the 2017–18 season.
Honours
South West Peninsula League Division One West
Champions: 2008–09South Western LeagueChampions: 1955–56, 1956–57, 1974–75Cornwall Senior CupWinners: 1892–93, 1895–96, 1897–98, 1898–99, 1903–04, 1907–08, 1947–48, 1960–61, 1972–73, 1980–81
Runners-up: 1896–97, 1899–1900, 1900–01, 1904–05, 1948–49, 1949–50, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1974–75
Cornwall Junior CupWinners:
Runners-up: 1907–08, 1909–10
Cornwall Charity Cup'''
Winners: 1947–48, 1948–49, 2008–09
Runners-up: 1921–22 1963–64, 1995–96, 1996–97
Notable players
Players who have played/managed in the football league or any foreign equivalent to this level (i.e. fully professional league).
Gerry Gazzard
Tony Kellow
Wayne Quinn
Mike Tiddy
Darren Cann
Sean Flynn
Notes
References
External links
Penzance AFC Official Website
1888 establishments in England
Association football clubs established in 1888
Football clubs in Cornwall
Football clubs in England
South West Peninsula League
Sport in Penzance | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penzance%20A.F.C. |
The 1971 Pan American Games were held in Cali, Colombia, from July 30 to August 13, 1971. (One source dates the Games from July 25 to August 8.) A total of 2,935 athletes from 32 countries participated in seventeen sports. (One source says 4,000 athletes)
Host city selection
Three cities submitted bids to host the 1971 Pan American Games that were recognized by the Pan American Sports Organization. On July 22, 1967, Cali was selected over Santiago and Champ, Missouri by a vote of 12 to 11 to 6, respectively, by PASO at its general assembly, held at the Manitoba Medical College in Winnipeg, Canada, to host the VI Pan American Games.
Participating nations
Sports
Venues
The main stadium was the Cali Olympic Stadium. Some events were held in the Coliseo El Pueblo. Boxing was staged in the Plaza de Toros Cañaveralejo, a Cali bullring. Some complaints were made about the barracks-style housing, which was woefully overcrowded. In an effort to protect the athletes from students who had protested the amount of money that Colombia was spending on the games, security-minded officials surrounded the athletes' village with barbed wire and guards carrying rifles. The overcrowding caused it to be dubbed "Claustrophobia Manor" by the athletes. Other concerns centered on mosquitoes, the altitude, faulty plumbing, dysentery and pickpockets.
Medal count
To sort this table by nation, total medal count, or any other column, click on the icon next to the column title.
Note
The medal counts for the United States, Cuba and Canada are disputed.
References
External links
Cali 1971 - VI Pan American Games - Official Report at PanamSports.org
Pan American Games
Pan
Pan
Pan
Pan
Pan
Multi-sport events in Colombia
Sport in Cali
Pan American Games
Pan American Games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971%20Pan%20American%20Games |
Richard Docherty (1899–1979) was a Catholic priest who established the mission at Port Keats, now known as Wadeye in the Northern Territory of Australia.
Timeline
In 1899, Docherty was born in Urwin, Western Australia. 28 years later, in 1927, he was ordained as a priest, Missionaries of the Sacred Heart (M.S.C.). A year later, he moved to Darwin, and then to Werntek Nganayi 7 years later, in 1935. 4 years after this, in 1939, he moved to Wadeye, where he stayed for 19 years, his longest place of residence since being ordained. In 1958, he moved to the city of Sydney, over 2500 miles away, where he stayed for a year before moving to Hammond Island, a small island in the Torres Strait between Australia and Papua New Guinea. He remained here for 9 years, before returning to the town of Darwin in 1968. 4 years later, he moved south to Daly River. In 1978, he was awarded the Order of Australia, becoming a Member of the Order of Australia. He died the following year, while visiting Perth, and was buried in Wadeye.
References
1899 births
1979 deaths
Roman Catholic missionaries in Australia
People from the Northern Territory
Members of the Order of Australia
Missionaries of the Sacred Heart
Australian Roman Catholic missionaries
20th-century Australian Roman Catholic priests
Catholic Church in the Northern Territory | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Docherty |
The Juno Award for "Classical Composition of the Year" has been awarded since 1987, as recognition each year for the best classical music composition in Canada.
Winners
Best Classical Composition (1987–2002)
Classical Composition of the Year (2003 – Present)
References
Classical Composition
Classical music awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno%20Award%20for%20Classical%20Composition%20of%20the%20Year |
Penryn Athletic F.C. is a football club based in Penryn, Cornwall, in the United Kingdom. Their women's team play in Division One of the Earthbound Electrical Cornwall Women's Football League and the men's team play in the St Piran league, and stage their home games at the 1,500 capacity Kernick Road ground. They also run a team in the Trelawny League.
History
Penryn Athletic F.C. is a football club based in Penryn, Cornwall, in the United Kingdom. Their women's team play in Division One of the Earthbound Electrical Cornwall Women's Football League and the men's team play in the St Piran league, and stage their home games at the 1,500 capacity Kernick Road ground. They also run a team in the Trelawny League.
Penryn Athletic Football Club was formed in October 1963 by a group of schoolboys, who after playing in the County youth system the joined the Falmouth/Helston League Division two in 1965, as a men's team. Twelve years later in 1977 Penryn were elected to the Cornwall Combination League. During their time in the Cornwall combination the club went on to win the league three times in the 1981–82, 1982–83 and 1984–85 seasons. After the last of the Cornwall Combination league titles the club joined the South Western League in 1985 for a single season, returning to the Combination League again. They remained in the Cornwall combination league, winning six more league titles, until the 2000–01 season when they joined the South Western league.
In 2002 the club gained the FA's Charter Standard Community Club status after they linked up with local youth team Falmouth United.
The 2005–06 season saw floodlights erected at the Kernick ground. On the football side, the 2005–06 season saw them as runners up in the South Western League Cup, losing out in the replay to South Western league winners, Bodmin Town. Also that season, they reached the first round of the FA Vase, and in 2006–07 they entered the FA Cup for the first time, losing 3–2 in the preliminary round to Slimbridge.
In 2007 they became founding members of the South West Peninsula League joining Division One West and have since remained in this division. In the 2011–12 season the club, under the management of Andy Parry, won their first ever Senior Trophy when they picked up the Cornwall Charity Cup.
Ground
Penryn Athletic play their games at Kernick, Kernick Road, Penryn TR10 9DG. The ground has had floodlighting installed and has a 1500 capacity.
The Pitch at the ground has been awarded some prizes, winning the best South Western League pitch for seven seasons in a row from the 2000–01 season. They also won first place in the South & South West section of the FA's National pitch competition.
Honours
Cornwall Combination:
Winners (10): 1981–82, 1982–83, 1984–85, 1986–87, 1989–90, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1999–2000, 2003–04†
Runners-up (10): 1980–81, 1983–84, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1994–95, 1996–97, 1997–98, 1998–99, 2009–10†
Cornwall Charity Cup:
Winners (1):' 2011–12
Cornwall Combination League Cup:
Winners (4):' 1988–89, 1989–90, 1995–96, 2006–07†
South Western League Cup:
Runners-up (1): 2005–06
Supplementary Cup
Winners (1) 1986–87
† Penryn Athletic Reserves
Club records
Highest League Position: 6th in South Western League 2005–06
FA Cup best performance: Preliminary round 2006–07
FA Vase best performance: Fourth round 2005–06, 2006–07
References
External links
Official Website
Football clubs in Cornwall
Football clubs in England
Association football clubs established in 1963
South West Peninsula League
1963 establishments in England
Cornwall Combination
Penryn, Cornwall | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penryn%20Athletic%20F.C. |
The Juno Award for Contemporary Jazz Album of the Year was presented as recognition each year for the best contemporary jazz album in Canada. It was first presented in 1994, after the Juno Awards split the former award for Best Jazz Album into separate categories for contemporary and traditional jazz, and was discontinued after 2014, when the traditional and contemporary jazz categories were replaced with new categories for Jazz Album - Solo and Jazz Album - Group.
Winners
Best Contemporary Jazz Album (1994 – 1999)
Best Contemporary Jazz Album – Instrumental (2000 – 2002)
Contemporary Jazz Album of the Year (2003 – 2014)
References
Contemporary Album Of The Year
Jazz awards
Album awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno%20Award%20for%20Contemporary%20Jazz%20Album%20of%20the%20Year |
Bonnie Gadusek (born September 11, 1963) is a retired American professional tennis player.
Career
Gadusek started a career in gymnastics, training for the 1980 Olympics, but fell from uneven parallel bars and landed on her neck, dislocating two vertebrae. While recovering from her injuries, she took up tennis as part of her therapy. She played in her first junior tournament wearing a brace. She was named Junior of the Year in 1980 and Player of the Year in 1981 by the Florida Tennis Association. She won the 1981 French Open girls’ singles championship.
Gadusek played on the WTA Tour from 1981 to 1987. She was named Rookie of the Year in 1982. She won five singles and three doubles titles before retiring. The right-hander reached her highest career ranking on July 9, 1984 when she became the world No. 8. Her best Grand Slam finishes were two quarterfinals at the US Open in 1982 and 1986.
Gadusek had career wins over Billie Jean King, Andrea Jaeger, Sue Barker, Hana Mandlíková, Manuela Maleeva, Wendy Turnbull, Gabriela Sabatini, Dianne Fromholtz, Claudia Kohde-Kilsch, Helena Suková, Zina Garrison, Mary Joe Fernandez, Sylvia Hanika, Jo Durie, and Rosie Casals. During her career, she was coached by renowned Australian coach Harry Hopman.
Gadusek was a member of the 1986 Wightman Cup Team. She helped coach the 1987 Wightman Cup Team. She retired with a 169–95 win–loss record.
WTA career finals
Singles: 10 (5 titles, 5 runner-ups)
Doubles: 6 (3 titles, 3 runner-ups)
Grand Slam singles performance timeline
References
External links
1963 births
Living people
American female tennis players
French Open junior champions
People from Punta Gorda, Florida
Tennis people from Florida
Tennis players from Pittsburgh
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in girls' singles
21st-century American women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnie%20Gadusek |
Sam Newfield, born Samuel Neufeld (December 6, 1899 – November 10, 1964), also known as Sherman Scott or Peter Stewart, was an American B-movie director, one of the most prolific in American film history—he is credited with directing over 250 feature films in a career which began during the silent era and ended in 1958. In addition to his staggering feature output, he also directed one -and two-reel comedy shorts, training films, industrial films, TV episodes and pretty much anything anyone would pay him for. Because of this massive output—he would sometimes direct more than 20 films in a single year—he has been called the most prolific director of the sound era.
Many of Newfield's films were made for PRC Pictures. It was a film production company headed by his brother Sigmund Neufeld. The films PRC produced were low-budget productions, the majority being westerns, with occasional horror films or crime drama.
Family and education
Newfield completed one year of high school, according to the 1940 US census. Brother Morris Neufeld was a stage actor, according to the 1930 US census.
Pseudonyms
Sam Newfield was credited as Sherman Scott and Peter Stewart on a number of films he made for the PRC. He used these names in order to hide the fact that one person was responsible for so many of PRC's films.
Partial filmography
Partial filmography is listed below for the different names he used.
As Sam Newfield
Big Time or Bust (1933)
Reform Girl (1933)
Under Secret Orders (1933)
The Important Witness (1933)
Beggar's Holiday (1934)
Undercover Men (1934)
Marrying Widows (1934)
Bulldog Courage (1935)
Racing Luck (1935)
Timber War (1935)
The Traitor (1936)
The Lion's Den (1936)
The Fighting Deputy (1937)
The Gambling Terror (1937)
Trail of Vengeance (1937)
The Feud Maker (1938)
The Terror of Tiny Town (1938)
Six-Gun Trail (1938)
The Invisible Killer (1939)
The Fighting Renegade (1939)
Frontier Crusader (1940)
Marked Men (1940)
Secrets of a Model (1940)
Texas Renegades (1940)
The Mad Monster (1942)
Tiger Fangs (1943)
The Black Raven (1943)
I Accuse My Parents (1944)
Swing Hostess (1944)
The Monster Maker (1944)
His Brother's Ghost (1945)
Shadows of Death (1945)
The Lady Confesses (1945)
Rustlers' Hideout (1945)
Apology for Murder (1945)
White Pongo (1945)
Gas House Kids (1946)
Fight That Ghost (1946)
House-Rent Party (film) (1946)
Outlaws of the Plains (1946)
Jungle Flight (1947)
Money Madness (1948)
Western Pacific Agent (1950)
Skipalong Rosenbloom (1951)
Lost Continent (1951)
Lady in the Fog (aka Scotland Yard Inspector) (1952)
The Gambler and the Lady (1952)
Outlaw Women (1952)
Thunder over Sangoland (1955)
The Wild Dakotas (1956)
The Three Outlaws (1956)
Frontier Gambler (1956)
Last of the Desperadoes (1956)
Wolf Dog (1958)
Flaming Frontier (1958)
As Sherman Scott
Hitler, Beast of Berlin (1939)
I Take This Oath (1940)
Billy the Kid's Gun Justice (1940)
Billy the Kid's Fighting Pals (1941)
Billy the Kid's Smoking Guns (1942)
The Flying Serpent (1946)
Lady at Midnight (1948)
The Strange Mrs. Crane (1948)
The Wild Weed (1949)
As Peter Stewart
Gun Code (1940)
Black Mountain Stage (1940)
Adventure Island (1947)
The Counterfeiters (1948)
State Department: File 649 (1949)
Film statistics
Between 1923 and 1930 Newfield directed over 50 comedies. Feature films statistics per year, starting with 1933, are summarised in the following table.
See also
Fred Olen Ray, another B movie director who has used many of these pseudonyms
References
Review of Tiger Fangs
External links
1899 births
1964 deaths
Film directors from New York City
American Jews | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam%20Newfield |
The Juno Award for "Pop Album of the Year" has been awarded since 1999, as recognition each year for the best pop album in Canada.
The category was first named as Best Pop Album but it changed to Best Pop/Adult Album in 2000, the following year it returned to be Best Pop Album from 2001 to 2002, finally in 2003 was changed to Pop Album of the Year and has remained that way since then. Justin Bieber has won the most awards in this category, with 3 wins.
Recipients
References
Pop Album
Pop music awards
Awards established in 1999
1999 establishments in Canada
Album awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno%20Award%20for%20Pop%20Album%20of%20the%20Year |
The Juno Award for Alternative Album of the Year is presented annually at Canada's Juno Awards to honour the best album of the year in the alternative rock and/or indie rock genres. The award was first presented in 1995 under the name Best Alternative Album, and adopted its current name in 2003.
Achievements
Arcade Fire and July Talk have won the award three times to date, while Broken Social Scene, Metric, Alvvays and Rufus Wainwright have won the award twice each. In addition to Broken Social Scene's wins as a band, three members have also won the award for separate projects — Emily Haines and James Shaw have also won the award twice with their band Metric, and Leslie Feist has won for a solo album. Arcade Fire have been nominated for the award four times overall, while Broken Social Scene, Metric, Stars, Chad VanGaalen, Tegan and Sara and July Talk have received three nominations each.
Only two French-language albums have ever been nominated (Malajube's Trompe-l'œil and Karkwa's Les Chemins de verre) and none has ever won.
Recipients
Best Alternative Album (1995–2002)
Alternative Album of the Year (2003–present)
References
Alternative Album
Album awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno%20Award%20for%20Alternative%20Album%20of%20the%20Year |
Newquay Association Football Club is a football club based in Newquay, Cornwall, England. Nicknamed "The Peppermints", they are currently members of the and play at Mount Wise Stadium.
History
The club was established in 1890 as Newquay Football Club, but did not play any competitive games until entering the Cornwall Senior Cup in 1896–97. They were renamed Newquay One and All in 1903 and went on to win the Cornwall Charity Shield in 1906–07. After folding in 1912, the club was re-established as Newquay Rovers in 1920. The new club joined the Plymouth & District League, but left in 1927 due to the cost of travelling. In 1931 they were founder members of the Cornwall Senior League, going on to win the league and the Cornwall Senior Cup in 1934–35. However, the club disbanded in 1937.
The current incarnation of the club was formed in 1946, rejoining the Cornwall Senior League. In 1951 they were founder members of the South Western League. They won the Cornwall Senior Cup in 1952–53, 1954–55 and 1956–57, before finishing as runners-up in the South Western League in 1957–58. They were league champions the following season and retained the title in 1959–60. The club won the league again in 1977–78, 1979–80, 1981–82 and 1983–84, before finishing as runners-up in 1984–85. They were South Western League champions for a seventh time in 1987–88 and finished as runners-up in 1991–92,as well as winning the Cornwall Senior Cup. They finished second in the league again in 1993–94.
In 2007 the South Western League merged with the Devon County League to form the South West Peninsula League, with Newquay placed in Division One West. They were runners-up in the division in 2008–09 and then champions in 2011–12, earning promotion to the Premier Division. Following league reorganisation at the end of the 2018–19 season, the club were placed in the Premier Division West.
Season-by-season record
Ground
The club have played at Mount Wise on Clevedon Road since 1922, when Newquay Urban District Council leased the site to the club. Floodlights were erected in the 1980s and inaugurated with a friendly match against West Bromwich Albion. The club's record attendance of 3,500 was set for a friendly match against Manchester City on 14 July 1998, with the visitors winning 6–0.
Honours
South West Peninsula League
Division One West champions 2011–12
South Western League
Champions 1958–59, 1959–60, 1977–78, 1979–80, 1981–82, 1983–84, 1987–88
League Cup winners 1955–56, 1988–89
Cornwall Senior League
Champions 1934–35
Cornwall Senior Cup
Winners 1934–35, 1952–53, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1991–92
Cornwall Charity Cup
Winners 1906–07, 1908–09, 1953–54, 1954–55, 1955–56, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1962–63, 1969–70, 1974–75, 1976–77, 1977–78, 1988–89, 2009–10
Records
Best FA Cup performance: Second qualifying round, 1950–51, 1956–57, 1973–74, 1976–77, 1977–78, 1979–80
Best FA Vase performance: Fourth round, 1990–91
Record attendance: 3,500 vs Manchester City, friendly match, 14 July 1998
See also
Newquay A.F.C. players
Newquay A.F.C. managers
References
External links
Official website
Football clubs in England
Football clubs in Cornwall
Association football clubs established in 1890
1890 establishments in England
South Western Football League
South West Peninsula League | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newquay%20A.F.C. |
plus 44 may refer to:
+44, the country calling code for telephone numbers in the United Kingdom
+44, an alternative rock band based in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plus%2044 |
The Cabinet of Malaysia (Malay: Jemaah Menteri Malaysia) is the executive branch of the Government of Malaysia. Led by the Prime Minister, the cabinet is a council of ministers who are accountable collectively to the Parliament. According to the Article 43 of the Federal Constitution, members of the Cabinet can only be selected from members of either houses of Parliament. Formally, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong appoints all Ministers on the advice of the Prime Minister. The constitution is amended by repealing the Clause (8) of Article 43, enabling a person who is a member of State Legislative Assembly to continue to serve even while serving as a minister or deputy minister in the cabinet. Ministers other than the Prime Minister shall hold office during the pleasure of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, unless the appointment of any Minister shall have been revoked by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong on the advice of the Prime Minister but any Minister may resign from office. In practice, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is obliged to follow the advice of the Prime Minister on the appointment and dismissal of ministers.
Cabinet appointments
Members of the Cabinet must be members of either house of Parliament. Most ministers are appointed from the lower house, the Dewan Rakyat, although a few are appointed from the upper house, the Dewan Negara. The Prime Minister must be a member of the Dewan Rakyat. Although Deputy Ministers and Parliamentary Secretaries may be appointed to each portfolio, they are not included in the Cabinet. The Cabinet meets weekly, every Wednesday. After the position of Parliamentary Secretary was removed and partial live telecasts of Parliament proceedings began in 2008, Cabinet meetings were moved to Fridays whenever Parliament sat, so as to allow Ministers to personally answer questions during Question Time in Parliament.
Cabinet composition
The composition of the Cabinet, and the number of portfolios depends mainly on the wishes of the Prime Minister at the time. However, the post of Finance Minister was considered so important as to be a necessity, and as a result was incorporated by the Minister of Finance (Incorporation) Act 1957 (Act 375). The position of Deputy Prime Minister is one that exists by convention, and as a result a Prime Minister could theoretically form a Cabinet without a Deputy.
Deputy ministers exist for each portfolio, although they are not considered members of the Cabinet. The position of Deputy Minister was created by constitutional amendment in 1960. The office of parliamentary secretary for each ministry exists but none were appointed after the 2008 Malaysian general election. Parliamentary secretaries were provided for by an amendment in 1963. Deputy ministers and parliamentary secretaries are also appointed from members of Parliament, and deputise for the ministers in government ministries and in Parliament respectively. An additional office, that of the Political Secretary, exists. Political Secretaries need not be members of Parliament. Before taking office, all members of the Cabinet, Deputy Ministers, Parliamentary Secretaries, and Political Secretaries take an oath of secrecy concerning the proceedings of the Cabinet.
Functions of cabinet
An outline of the functions of the Cabinet are as follows:
To formulate national economic policies and development programmes.
The Cabinet is responsible to formulate various development programs and projects for the development of the country. Examples are the New Economic Policy (NEP), the National Development Policy (NDP), and the National Vision Policy (NVP).
To set the budget and finance of the country.
The government is allowed to generate revenues from the people through the collection of taxes, fines, summons, custom duties, fees, etc.
The government is allowed to plan for the various development programs, and also to allocate the resources for these development plans and programs.
As an arena for suggestions, debates, and criticisms.
The Cabinet is allowed to discuss almost any issues of national interests, except those that touch on the special rights of the Malays, Bumiputeras and/or royal privileges. Article 153 (1): It shall be the responsibility of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to safeguard the special position of the Malays and Natives of any of the States of Sabah and Sarawak, and the legitimate interests of other communities in accordance with the provisions of this Article.
To propose and amend the law.
Law is proposed by the Executive and introduce in Parliament with the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd readings for approval.
Most provisions for the amendments of the constitution requires a 2/3 majority of the total number of members from both of the Houses (Dewan Negara and Dewan Rakyat)
The bill must be presented to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong for the final assent.
List of cabinets
23 cabinets have taken place in Malaysia since 1957 headed by nine Prime Ministers.
Current cabinet
Inactive portfolio
Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security
Ministry of Agriculture
Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry
Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives
Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries
Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industries
Ministry of Agriculture and Lands
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
Ministry of Digital Communications
Ministry of Communications
Ministry of Communications and Multimedia
Ministry of Communications, Telecommunications and Posts
Ministry of Information
Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
Ministry of Information, Communications and Culture
Ministry of Information, Communications, Arts and Culture
Ministry of Domestic Trade and Costs of Living
Ministry of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs
Ministry of Domestic Trade, Co-operatives and Consumerism
Ministry of Entrepreneur Development and Co-operatives
Ministry of Coordination of Public Corporations
Ministry of Public Enterprises
Ministry of Entrepreneur Development
Ministry of Territories
Ministry of Federal Territories
Ministry of Federal Territories and Urban Wellbeing
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Ministry of External Affairs
Ministry of Finance
Ministry of Economic Affairs
Ministry of General Planning and Sosio-Economic Research
Ministry of Home Affairs
Ministry of Home Affairs and Justice
Ministry of Internal Security
Ministry of Justice
Ministry of Law
Ministry of the Interior
Ministry of Human Resources
Ministry of Labour
Ministry of Labour and Manpower
Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare
Ministry of International Trade and Industry
Ministry of Commerce and Industry
Ministry of Trade and Industry
Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources
Ministry of Energy, Communications and Multimedia
Ministry of Energy, Science, Technology, Environment and Climate Change
Ministry of Energy, Technology and Research
Ministry of Energy, Telecommunications and Posts
Ministry of Energy, Water and Communications
Ministry of Environment and Water
Ministry of Lands and Co-operatives Development
Ministry of Lands and Mines
Ministry of Lands Development
Ministry of Lands and Regional Development
Ministry of Natural Resources
Ministry of Plantation Industries and Commodities
Ministry of Primary Industries
Ministry of Rural and Regional Development
Ministry of National and Rural Development
Ministry of Rural Development
Ministry of Rural Economy Development
Ministry of Science and Technology
Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (Malaysia)
Ministry of Technology, Research and Local Government
Ministry of Tourism
Ministry of Arts, Culture and Heritage
Ministry of Culture and Tourism
Ministry of Culture, Arts and Tourism
Ministry of National Unity and Community Development
Ministry of National Unity, Culture, Arts and Heritage
Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture
Ministry of Tourism and Culture
Ministry of Local Government Development
Ministry of Federal Territories
Ministry of Federal Territories and Urban Wellbeing
Ministry of Housing and Local Government
Ministry of Housing and New Villages
Ministry of Housing and Villages Development
Ministry of Local Government and Environment
Ministry of Local Government and Federal Territories
Ministry of Local Government, Housing and Town Planning
Ministry of Technology, Research and Coordination of New Villages
Ministry of Territories
Ministry of Urban Wellbeing, Housing and Local Government
Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development
Ministry of General Welfare
Ministry of National Unity
Ministry of Social Welfare
Ministry of Welfare Services
Ministry of Women and Family Development
Ministry of Works
Ministry of Works and Energy
Ministry of Works and Public Amenities
Ministry of Works and Transport
Ministry of Works, Posts and Telecommunications
Ministry of Youth and Sports
Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports
Ministry of Youth, Culture and Sports
Ministry of Health
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare
Minister in the Prime Minister's Department
Minister with Special Functions
Minister with Special Functions for Foreign Affairs
Minister without Portfolio
Others
Chief Minister of Malaya
Ministry of Sabah Affairs
Ministry of Sarawak Affairs
See also
Shadow Cabinet of Malaysia
Prime Minister's Department (Malaysia)
List of female cabinet ministers of Malaysia
List of federal ministries and agencies in Malaysia
References
External links
Malaysian Cabinet Members | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet%20of%20Malaysia |
Amelia C. Voght is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is most commonly associated with the X-Men franchise.
A mutant with the ability to turn her body into mist, Amelia was a love interest of Professor X before he founded the X-Men. Unable to believe in his mission, she eventually joined Magneto’s Acolytes, becoming one of Magneto's most-trusted lieutenants.
Publication history
Created by Scott Lobdell and John Romita Jr., she first appeared in Uncanny X-Men #300 (May 1993).
In her first appearance, it was hinted that Amelia Voght was a former student of Professor X who declined to join his original X-Men team. But 9 issues later a different story emerged.
Fictional character biography
Amelia was a nurse who cared for Charles Xavier after his legs were first injured. Stationed in Tibet, Amelia was glad to see another American and her positive and friendly attitude helped Xavier to get over the depression he developed when his legs were injured. At first their relationship was professional, but it soon became romantic. They left Tibet together and Amelia returned with Xavier to the United States. Xavier, also a mutant, had encountered Magneto and the Shadow King and was developing a machine called Cerebro to track mutants, hoping to protect and educate them, so they wouldn't turn into a threat. Amelia found the plans and thought that Xavier was developing the machine to hunt down and exterminate mutants. She revealed herself as a mutant and attacked him, only stopped when Xavier revealed his own mutant powers. This link strengthened their relationship even more, but over time they both developed different stances on human-mutant interaction. Xavier wanted co-existence with the humans, while Amelia thought it was best for mutants to stay underground. When Xavier brought Scott Summers to his mansion for training, Amelia left him, telling him that his plans for the X-Men would doom all mutants. Xavier attempted to use his telepathy to convince her otherwise, but stopped himself. Amelia noticed and felt betrayed.
Acolytes
She would stay hidden for the next few years, but when human-mutant relationships deteriorated, she was recruited by Fabian Cortez and became a member of the second lineup of the Acolytes, followers of Magneto, whom she had met with Xavier years before. As one of the older and more experienced mutants, she was given a position of seniority within the group, even though she didn't agree with some of the Acolytes' more extreme policies, like the killing of humans, though initially she advocated it in the case of Moira MacTaggert. Over the years she would support the Acolytes and Magneto, but she would also try to limit casualties and gave limited aid to the X-Men and other superheroes like Quicksilver who opposed them.
She eventually became disillusioned with the Acolytes' extremist stance and left the group, ending her services assisting Magneto with his rule on Genosha by working against him to help the X-Men free the captured Professor X.
Amelia returned to work as a nurse and is also one of a handful of mutants to retain their powers following the events of M-Day.
Messiah Complex/X-Men: Legacy
Wolverine, Storm and Nightcrawler seek her out during the Messiah Complex crossover to obtain information regarding the Acolytes. At first she's reluctant to speak, fearing the Acolytes will kill the X-Men. However, she relents and reveals them the location of her former comrades. Voght eventually rejoins the Acolytes after the Professor's apparent death. She also informs Omega Sentinel of recent events that took place after she returns to normal following her possession by Malice. She also reveals she still has some feelings for Professor X in the X-Men: Legacy series.
Voght is seen again when Professor X returns to New Avalon and convinces Exodus to disband the Acolytes and find a new way to help mutantkind. After this, Voght, along with Random and Omega Sentinel, decide to relocate to San Francisco.
She later joins S.W.O.R.D. alongside other mutants who have teleportation powers as part of their transportation division.
Powers and abilities
Amelia Voght is a mutant possessing the power of transubstantiation, enabling her to convert matter into a psionically resonant vapor at will. This mist became Amelia's natural state after her powers manifested, and she is capable of transubstantiating herself or any person or object in her line-of-sight. Being insubstantial, Amelia can use this power to avoid injury. She can control the flow of the vapor through the air, allowing her to fly, squeeze herself through tight passages, or move objects about; she could pull a person out from under a mob attacking them by dispersing and reforming them nearby, or steal her opponents' weapons by vaporizing from their hands and bringing them to her own. Voght's mist can also be transported through the astral plane, allowing her to employ her powers for long range teleportation. She is able to transport herself and anything else she transubstantiates across the surface of the globe in an instant, or to and from orbit around the planet. She can teleport with cargo, or send objects to a new location without traveling with them, providing she can visualize the new location in her mind. On certain occasions, Voght even demonstrated the ability to summon distant people to herself by teleportation, visualizing wherever the person is at the moment, seeing them converted into mist, and then bringing that mist into her presence to be reformed.
In other media
Amelia Voght appears in X-Men: The Animated Series, voiced by Susan Roman. This version is a former friend of Charles Xavier and a member of Magneto's Acolytes who initially lives on Asteroid M before eventually relocating to Earth to become a doctor, working alongside Moira MacTaggert. In a later appearance, Voght aids the X-Men in fending off the Phalanx.
References
External links
Amelia Voght at Marvel.com
UncannyXmen.net Spotlight On Amelia Voght
Characters created by John Romita Jr.
Characters created by Scott Lobdell
Comics characters introduced in 1993
Fictional nurses
Marvel Comics mutants
Genoshans
Marvel Comics characters who can teleport
Marvel Comics female supervillains | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelia%20Voght |
Millbrook Association Football Club is a football club based in Millbrook, Cornwall, England. They are currently members of the and play at Jenkins Park.
History
The club was established in 1888. They played in district leagues, including the Plymouth & District League, until joining the South Western League in 1980. The club were South Western League runners-up in 1981–82 and finished in the top five every season until 1988–89, also reaching the final of the Cornwall Senior Cup in 1983–84. After losing another Cornwall Senior Cup final in 1998–99, they entered the FA Vase for the first time in 2004–05, losing 2–1 at home to Exmouth Town. The club remained in the league until it merged with the Devon County League to form the South West Peninsula League in 2007, at which point they were placed in Division One West.
After finishing bottom of Division One West in 2008–09 and second-from-bottom in 2009–10, financial problems forced Millbrook to resign from the league, with the first team taking over from the reserves in Division One of the East Cornwall League. The club were Division One runners-up in 2012–13, earning promotion to the Premier Division. A third-place finish in the Premier Division in 2013–14, a season that also saw them lose the League Cup final, was enough to secure promotion back to Division One West of the South West Peninsula League.
In 2017–18, Millbrook were Division One West champions, earning promotion to the Premier Division. Following league reorganisation at the end of the 2018–19 season, the club were placed in the Premier Division East. In 2021 they were promoted to the Premier Division of the Western League based on their results in the abandoned 2019–20 and 2020–21 seasons.
Ground
The club play at Jenkins Park on Mill Road. The ground was originally named Mill Park, but was renamed in 2014 after former professional footballer Reg Jenkins, who was born in the village and went on to become Rochdale's record goalscorer. After retiring he returned to Cornwall and helped run the Millbrook football club. The ground includes a covered stand on one side of the pitch, with other three sides railed off. The clubhouse is located behind one goal.
Honours
South West Peninsula League
Division One West champions 2017–18
Records
Best FA Vase performance: Third round, 2020–21
Best FA Cup performance: Extra preliminary round, 2020–21
References
External links
Official website
Football clubs in England
Football clubs in Cornwall
Association football clubs established in 1888
1888 establishments in England
South Western Football League
South West Peninsula League
East Cornwall League
Western Football League | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millbrook%20A.F.C. |
William Joseph Burns (born April 4, 1956) is an American diplomat who has served as director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in the Biden administration since March 19, 2021. He previously served as U.S. deputy secretary of state from 2011 to 2014; in 2009 he served as acting secretary of state for a day prior to the Senate confirmation of Hillary Clinton. Burns retired from the U.S. Foreign Service in 2014 after a 32-year diplomatic career. From 2014 to 2021, he served as president of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Burns served as ambassador to Jordan from 1998 to 2001, assistant secretary of state for Near East affairs from 2001 to 2005, ambassador to Russia from 2005 to 2008 and under secretary of state for political affairs from 2008 to 2011.
In January 2021, President Joe Biden nominated Burns to become CIA director. He was unanimously confirmed by voice vote in the Senate on March 18, 2021, sworn in officially as director on March 19, as well as ceremonially sworn in by Vice President Kamala Harris on March 23. In July 2023, Biden elevated Burns to a position in his cabinet, a largely symbolic action.
Early life and education
Burns was born at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, in 1956. He is the son of Peggy Cassady and William F. Burns, who was a United States Army major general, a deputy assistant secretary of state for arms control, Bureau of Political-Military Affairs, director of the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency in 1988–1989 in the Ronald Reagan administration, in addition to his service as the first U.S. special envoy to denuclearization negotiations with former Soviet countries under the legislation sponsored by U.S. senators Sam Nunn and Richard Lugar.
Burns attended Trinity High School in Camp Hill, Pennsylvania, where he graduated valedictorian in 1973. He then studied history at La Salle University and graduated with honors in 1978. He was then awarded a Marshall Scholarship to study at the University of Oxford, becoming La Salle's first Marshall Scholar. He earned M.Phil. and D.Phil. degrees in international relations from St. John's College, Oxford. His D.Phil. thesis, Economic Aid and American Policy toward Egypt, 1955–1981, was completed in 1985.
While at Oxford, Burns was also a member of the men's basketball team.
Career
U.S. Foreign Service
Burns entered the Foreign Service in 1982 and served as deputy secretary of state from 2011 to 2014. He had served as under secretary for political affairs from 2008 to 2011. He was ambassador to Russia from 2005 to 2008, assistant secretary of state for Near Eastern affairs from 2001 to 2005, and ambassador to Jordan from 1998 to 2001. He had also been executive secretary of the State Department and special assistant to secretaries of state Warren Christopher and Madeleine Albright, minister-counselor for political affairs at the U.S. Embassy in Moscow, acting director and principal deputy director of the State Department's Policy Planning Staff, as well as special assistant to the president and senior director for Near East and South Asian affairs at the United States National Security Council.
In 1995, while serving as counselor for political affairs at the U.S. Embassy in Moscow, he wrote that "hostility to early NATO expansion is almost universally felt across the domestic political spectrum here."
In 2008, Burns was nominated by President George W. Bush and confirmed by the Senate as a career ambassador, the highest rank in the U.S. Foreign Service, equivalent to a four-star general officer in the U.S. Armed Forces. Promotions to the rank are rare.
In 2008, Burns wrote to Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice: "Ukrainian entry into NATO is the brightest of all redlines for the Russian elite (not just Putin). In more than two and a half years of conversations with key Russian players, from knuckle-draggers in the dark recesses of the Kremlin to Putin's sharpest liberal critics, I have yet to find anyone who views Ukraine in NATO as anything other than a direct challenge to Russian interests."
A cable that Burns signed as ambassador to Russia in August 2006, released by WikiLeaks, provided a detailed eyewitness account of the lavish wedding organized in Makhachkala by Russian State Duma member and Dagestan Oil Company chief Gadzhi Makhachev for his son. The wedding lasted for two days; its attendees included Chechnya's Ramzan Kadyrov. An FSB colonel sitting next to the cable's authors tried to add "cognac" to their wine until an FSB general told him to stop. In 2015, Burns told Gideon Rachman of the Financial Times that the cable had been "largely written by his colleagues," with Rachman remarking that the telegram had gained a reputation of "a minor classic of comic writing, its tone very much not what one might expect of a diplomatic cable." In June 2013, Andrew Kuchins remarked about Burns's stint in Moscow, "It was a period when the relationship was deteriorating very significantly, but he was personally respected by Russian authorities as a consummate professional diplomat."
In 2013, Burns and Jake Sullivan led the secret bilateral channel with Iran that led to the interim agreement between Iran and the P5+1 and ultimately the Iran nuclear deal. Burns was reported to be "in the driver's seat" of the American negotiating team for the interim agreement. Burns had met secretly with Iranian officials as early as 2008, when President George W. Bush dispatched him to do so.
In a piece published in The Atlantic in April 2013, Nicholas Kralev praised him as the "secret diplomatic weapon" deployed against "some of the thorniest foreign policy challenges of the US."
Burns retired from the Foreign Service in 2014, later becoming president of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
In November 2020, as Burns's name was being cited by press as one of several possible candidates to be nominated by Joe Biden for secretary of state, Russia's broadsheet Kommersant stated that its sources "in the state structures" of the Russian Federation agreed that his candidacy would "be the most advantageous for Moscow of all the five cited" in the media.
Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
On January 11, 2021, Joe Biden announced he planned to nominate Burns as director of the Central Intelligence Agency, saying that Burns shared his belief "that intelligence must be apolitical and that the dedicated intelligence professionals serving our nation deserve our gratitude and respect."
On February 24, his nomination was well-received in the confirmation hearing in the Senate. On March 2, the Senate Intelligence Committee unanimously approved Burns' nomination, setting him up for a final floor vote. On March 18, Burns was confirmed to the role with unanimous consent after Senator Ted Cruz (R-TX) lifted his hold on the nomination. He was officially sworn in as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency on March 19, with a ceremony performed by Vice President Kamala Harris on March 23, 2021.
In his confirmation hearing before the Senate, Burns said, "an adversarial, predatory Chinese leadership poses our biggest geopolitical test". He said China was working to "methodically strengthen its capabilities to steal intellectual property, repress its own people, bully its neighbors, expand its global reach and build influence in American society."
In April 2021, Biden announced his intention to withdraw all regular U.S. troops from Afghanistan by September 2021. Burns told the U.S. Senate Intelligence Committee on April 14, 2021, that "[t]here is a significant risk once the U.S. military and the coalition militaries withdraw" but added that the U.S. would retain "a suite of capabilities."
On August 23, 2021, Burns held a secret meeting in Kabul with Taliban leader Abdul Ghani Baradar, who returned to Afghanistan from exile in Qatar, to discuss the August 31 deadline for a U.S. military withdrawal from Afghanistan.
In early November 2021, Burns flew to Moscow, notifying Nikolai Patrushev, the secretary of Putin’s security council, that the United States believed Putin was considering a full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Burns warned that if Putin proceeded down this path, the West would respond with severe consequences for Russia. John Sullivan, at the time the American ambassador to Russia, recounted that Patrushev was undeterred, "supremely confident". Upon his return to Washington, Burns informed Biden that Putin had all but made up his mind to take over Ukraine, Burns told him, and the Russians had absolute confidence victory would come swiftly.
On March 31, 2022, Burns tested positive for COVID-19, a day after meeting with President Biden during a socially distanced meeting at the White House while wearing an N95 mask.
In April 2022, Burns warned that Vladimir Putin's "desperation" over Russia's failures in Ukraine could result in the use of tactical nuclear weapons or "low-yield nuclear weapons." That same month, Burns traveled to Saudi Arabia to meet with the Saudi crown prince, asking him to increase the country’s oil production. They also discussed Saudi weapons purchases from China. As director of the CIA, Burns oversaw the hunt for terrorist leader Ayman al-Zawahiri, and played a key role in the operation that killed him on July 31, 2022. In May 2023, Burns made a secret visit to China to ease tensions between China and the United States.
Publications
His memoir, The Back Channel: A Memoir of American Diplomacy and the Case for Its Renewal, was published by Random House in 2019. It was published in conjunction with an archive of nearly 100 declassified diplomatic cables. International Relations scholars who reviewed the book were mostly positive.
Burns’ dissertation was published in 1985 as Economic Aid and American Policy Toward Egypt, 1955–1981.
Awards
Burns is the recipient of three Presidential Distinguished Service Awards and several Department of State awards, including three Secretary's Distinguished Service Awards, the Secretary's Career Achievement Award, the Charles E. Cobb Jr. Award for Initiative and Success in Trade Development (2006), the Robert C. Frasure Memorial Award (2005), and the James Clement Dunn Award (1991). He also received the Department of Defense Award for Distinguished Public Service (2014), the U.S. Intelligence Community Medallion (2014), and the Central Intelligence Agency's Agency Seal Medal (2014).
In 1994, Burns was named to Time's lists of "50 Most Promising American Leaders Under Age 40" and "100 Most Promising Global Leaders Under Age 40". He was named Foreign Policy's "Diplomat of the Year" in 2013. He is the recipient of Anti-Defamation League's Distinguished Statesman Award (2014), the Middle East Institute's Lifetime Achievement Award (2014), and the American Academy of Diplomacy's Annenberg Award for Diplomatic Excellence (2015). Burns received the American Academy of Achievement’s Golden Plate Award (2022).
Burns holds four honorary doctoral degrees and is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is also an honorary Fellow, St. John's College, Oxford, (from 2012).
Foreign government decorations
Commandeur, Legion of Honour (France)
Knight Commander, Order of Merit (Germany)
Grand Cordon, Order of the Rising Sun (Japan)
Marshall Medal (UK)
Commendatore, Order of Merit (Italy)
First Order, Al Kawkab Medal (Jordan)
Commander with star, Royal Order of St Olav (Norway)
Jeffrey Epstein meetings
In 2023, The Wall Street Journal reported that Burns allegedly had three scheduled meetings with Jeffrey Epstein in 2014, according to 'documents' and 'calendars' in their possession. At the time, Burns was deputy secretary of state, and Epstein had already plead guilty to the charge of procuring for prostitution a girl below age 18. The Wall Street Journal has not disclosed these alleged documents and calendars to the public.
Personal life
Burns is married to Lisa Carty, a former diplomat and current UN OCHA senior official, and has two daughters. He speaks English, French, Russian, and Arabic.
References
Further reading
Notes
External links
United States Embassy in Moscow: Biography of the Ambassador
1956 births
Acting United States Secretaries of State
Alumni of St John's College, Oxford
Ambassadors of the United States to Jordan
Ambassadors of the United States to Russia
Assistant Secretaries of State for the Near East and North Africa
Biden administration cabinet members
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Directors of the Central Intelligence Agency
La Salle University alumni
Living people
Marshall Scholars
Obama administration cabinet members
People from Fort Liberty, North Carolina
Under Secretaries of State for Political Affairs
United States Career Ambassadors
United States Deputy Secretaries of State | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20J.%20Burns%20%28diplomat%29 |
Teston /ˈtiːstən/ or /ˈtiːsən/ is a village in the Maidstone District of Kent, England. It is located on the A26 road out of Maidstone, four miles (6.4 km) from the town centre. There is a narrow stone bridge over the River Medway here.
History
Barham Court is the 'big house'. It has now been converted into offices and apartments. It was once the home of Randall Fitz Urse, one of the knights who murdered Thomas Becket in 1170. It passed to the de Berham family now called the Barhams, and then the Boteler (or Butler) family. They were Royalists, William Butler was imprisoned for supporting the Kentish Royalist Petition 1642, which indirectly led to the Battle of Maidstone 1648. When Edward Hasted visited in the 18th century, it was owned by the Bouveries. After that it passed to the Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham.
Barham Court has been recognised by historians as the birthplace of the British evangelical abolitionist movement. It was in the house in the 1780s that a young Thomas Clarkson pledged his life to the cause, and where William Wilberforce agreed to bring the matter before the House of Commons for the first time. In 1789, Hannah More described the village as the "Runnymeade of the negroes".
The parish church is dedicated to St Peter and St Paul. On one wall of the church, under a window, is a memorial tablet to a former vicar, the Rev James Ramsay, he was the Rector of Teston and Nettlestead from 1781 until he died in July 1789. Ramsay was a friend of Charles Middleton, William Pitt and William Wilberforce and he worked with them for the abolition of slavery.
James Ramsay had served as a surgeon under Middleton aboard in the West Indies but later took holy orders and served on the Caribbean island of St Christopher (now St Kitts), where he observed first-hand the treatment of slaves. He briefly lived with the Middletons at Barham Court, then was given the living of the Teston and Nettlestead, by Middleton. Nestor Court is named after Ramsey's servant and companion.
William Cobbett passed through Teston on Friday 5 September 1823.
Amenities
Teston has a village green, shop/Post Office, Village Hall and a Farm Shop.
Sport
In the middle of the nineteenth century, Thomas Martin began making cricket balls in a workshop above the post office. When he retired the business was taken over by Alfred Reader who expanded the business and transferred it to the factory. The current factory. on Malling Road was built in 1927. The workers at the Reader factory formed their own trade union - The Teston Independent Society of Cricket Ball Makers, to represent their interests, it was the smallest trade unions in the country, and was only de-listed in March 2006.
Cricket has been played at Barham Court since 1896. The current club runs two teams, the Sunday Team representing the village in the Kent Village League.
River
The River Medway at Teston Bridge is 5.41m above mean sea level, and 7.31m upstream of the weir and lock. It lies 10.4 km upstream of Allington where the river becomes tidal. The bridge is mediaeval, being widened for river traffic in 1749. The lock was originally constructed in the 1740s, when 14 locks were built to make the river navigable from Maidstone to Tonbridge, enabling the transport of iron products from the Weald. The current lock dates from 1911 and will take craft up to 24.5m by 5.6m with a draft of 1.7m.
At Teston Bridge there is a country park on a 12 hectare meadow, with public day ticket fishing. There is a continuous footpath along the bank of the Medway, which at this point is within the boundaries of the Maidstone Millennium River Park and forms part of the Medway Valley Walk.
Media
Teston Bridge was used as a location in the 1958 feature film Dunkirk.
References
External links
Teston church
Villages in Kent
Country parks in Kent
Civil parishes in Kent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teston |
Delaware County Community College (DCCC) is a public community college with campuses and facilities throughout Delaware and Chester Counties in Pennsylvania. DCCC was founded in 1967 and is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. The college offers 53 associate degree programs and 43 certificate programs at nine different locations.
DCCC's athletic teams compete in Division III of the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA) and are members of the Eastern Pennsylvania Athletic Conference. They are collectively known as the Phantoms and have won two men's basketball championships.
In 2021, DCCC was named a Center of Excellence for Domestic Maritime Workforce Training and Education for preparing students for U.S. maritime industry careers.
History
Early years
The origin of DCCC can be traced back to 1963, when Pennsylvania legislature permitted the establishment of state community colleges through the Community College Act of 1963.
In 1964, when the Delaware County Council for Higher Education was formed, Delaware County residents were presented with a survey, the results of which showed they wanted a community college in the area. The council subsequently assigned a task force to identify a permanent location for the college. Simultaneously, Delaware County commissioners were supporting the potential expansion of Pennsylvania State University (PSU) into the area. Despite the debate over which school would have a presence in Delaware County, Pennsylvania's board of education approved the establishment of DCCC in January 1967. (That year, Penn State Brandywine was established in Delaware County as an extension of PSU).
Although DCCC was officially founded on March 1, 1967, it did not yet have its own facility. Under the leadership of DCCC's first president Dr. Douglas F. Libby Jr., classes commenced in September at Ridley Township High School with 307 students enrolled. Once DCCC had an established board of trustees, a committee was appointed to continue searching for a permanent site for the college.
By 1968, additional DCCC classes were temporarily being held at the Fair Acres Delaware County Institution District and the Dante School, a former orphanage in Concordville, Pennsylvania. After delays caused by legal disputes over building a permanent facility in Delaware County, DCCC entered into an agreement of sale with the heirs to the Gideon Stull estate in May 1968. Following the agreement, DCCC submitted an application to the Marple Township Planning Commission and Zoning Board requesting exception from residential zoning. Upon denial of its request, DCCC appealed the board's decision, which led to a Pennsylvania Supreme Court ruling in DCCC's favor in July 1969. That same month, DCCC officially closed on the Gideon Stull estate for approximately $1.25 million.
By 1974, the $18.5 million Academic Building and Learning Support Building were fully constructed. DCCC's Marple Campus was dedicated in November.
Presidents
Following Dr. Libby's retirement, Dr. Richard D. DeCosmo served as DCCC's second president from 1980 until his retirement in 2003. Under his leadership, new skills-based degree and certificate programs were added to those established during Dr. Libby's administration. Additionally, Dr. DeCosmo advocated for improved economic conditions for Delaware County though access to adult basic education, GED preparation and skill training. To accomplish this, he requested reduced Pell Grant eligibility requirements to make higher education accessible to the increased percentage of Delaware County residents living below the poverty level.
Before his 2003 appointment as the third president, Dr. Jerome S. Parker had served as a DCCC staff member since 1977. As president, he pushed for updated facilities and technical training at DCCC to advance the college and continue its mission to improve the local community's economy. Five additional campuses in Delaware and Chester Counties were opened and DCCC built alliances with companies such as Aker Philadelphia Shipyard, Boeing and Sunoco to prepare students for open industry positions. Dr. Parker is credited with playing a major role in the development of DCCC's Advanced Technology Center, which was named after him upon his retirement in 2017 (see Campus section below).
Since 2017, Dr. L. Joy Gates Black has served as the current president of DCCC. She is the first African-American female to serve in this position at the college. In 2019, DCCC and the Archdiocese of Philadelphia signed a $3 million agreement of sale, which will allot space for the construction of a new DCCC campus at Monsignor Bonner & Archbishop Prendergast Catholic High School. The campus is set to tentatively open in spring 2022 and will integrate the Southeast and Upper Darby Centers (see Campus section below). In 2020, Dr. Gates Black was recognized for founding DCCC's first Center for Equity and Social Justice.
Campus
DCCC has eight locations. All except Chester County Hospital offer all of the following: a bookstore, career and counseling center, an Enrollment Central for student assistance services, disability services, student lounges, study areas and a Learning Commons that offers tutoring and technology support to the DCCC community. The degree and certificate programs offered vary by location.
Delaware County Campuses
Marple Campus
Marple Campus is the main campus of DCCC. It is located in Marple Township, Pennsylvania, with a Media mailing address, and covers . Opened in 1974, it houses DCCC's radio station, baseball and soccer field and basketball and tennis courts. Marple Campus is also the home of DCCC's municipal police academy, which has trained more than 95 percent of all Delaware County and 75 percent of all Chester County police officers for the last 40 years.
The four main buildings on Marple Campus are Founders Hall, the Academic Building, the STEM Center and the Jerome S. Parker Advanced Technology Center.
Founders Hall houses most of DCCC's administrative offices, a cafeteria and the Learning Commons. Also located in Founders Hall are Enrollment Central and the Nazz Mariani Veterans Center for veterans programs.
The Academic Building is the largest main building on Marple Campus. It contains the Student Center for campus life activities, the Career and Counseling Center, art studios, an art gallery, an auditorium for theater and other large events, faculty offices and PA CareerLink®.
The STEM Center and Advanced Technology Center are a part of the $60 million STEM Complex that opened during the 2009–2010 academic year. The STEM Center is a four-story, building that houses classrooms, a fitness center, aerobics studio, computer lounge and café. It shares 23 science and specialized laboratories with the Advanced Technology Center. The Advanced Technology Center is a building that houses classrooms and laboratories for DCCC's technical programs.
Southeast Center
The Southeast Center campus is located in the Folcroft Business Park near Academy Park High School in Sharon Hill, Pennsylvania. It spans . The campus opened in 2004 with 15 general and computer classrooms, a self-service café and dining area and social services.
Upper Darby Center
The Upper Darby Center campus is located behind the Barclay Square Shopping Center on Garrett Road in Upper Darby, Pennsylvania. The campus opened in 2012 and has six classrooms. It has the capacity to serve up to 1,800 students each year.
Chester County Campuses
Chester County Hospital
DCCC has partnered with Chester County Hospital since 1998 to offer nursing education to Chester County residents at the hospital. The hospital is located in West Chester, Pennsylvania.
Downingtown Campus
Downingtown Campus is located on the site of the former Downingtown Industrial and Agricultural School on Route 322 in Downingtown, Pennsylvania. Opened in 2002, the $12.5 million facility has of space, laboratories and nine general classrooms. In 2018, the STEM Wing opened and offers eight additional classrooms for DCCC's STEM programs.
Pennocks Bridge Campus
Pennocks Bridge Campus is located in West Grove, Pennsylvania. It was opened in 2008 and shares of space with the Chester County Intermediate Unit's (CCIU) Technical College High School West Grove. The building contains general classrooms, laboratories and workshops for students.
Brandywine Center
The Brandywine Center campus is located on Boot Road in Downingtown, Pennsylvania. Opened in fall 2012, the building sits on . The campus partners with the CCIU to offer career and technical education programs as well as college credit courses to students of Technical College High School Brandywine.
Phoenixville Campus
Phoenixville Campus is located on Charlestown Road in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania. It was opened in 2013 and shares space with CCIU's Technical College High School Pickering.
Administration and organization
DCCC operates under five academic divisions: Allied Health & Nursing; Business, Computing & Social Science; Communications, Arts & Humanities; Science, Technology, Engineering and Math; and Workforce Development & Economic Development.
A typical academic year is broken up into two 10-week terms during the fall (August–December) and spring (January–May). Within the terms are two seven-week accelerated sessions. The winter term is one month long for online classes only. The full summer term is 12 weeks long (May–August). Within the term are two accelerated sessions that each last approximately five weeks. An academic year begins on the first day of the fall term and ends on the last day of the summer term.
DCCC's endowment had a market value of approximately $2.19 million in the fiscal year that ended in 2019.
Sponsoring school districts
DCCC is partially funded through tax programs maintained by the respective school districts of Delaware County:
Chester Upland School District
Garnet Valley School District (Bethel residents only)
Haverford Township School District
Interboro School District
Radnor Township School District
Ridley School District
Rose Tree Media School District
Southeast Delco School District
Springfield School District
Upper Darby School District
Wallingford-Swarthmore School District (Swarthmore and Rutledge residents only)
William Penn School District
School district sponsorship allows students and residents of each sponsoring school district to access DCCC's courses and degree programs for a reduced tuition rate.
Academics and programs
DCCC has an open admissions policy and accepts life experience as credits. In addition to its associate and certificate degree programs, DCCC offers non-credit enrichment, job training and certification courses through its Continuing Education program.
DCCC has dual admissions agreements with several four-year universities in the Philadelphia area that allow students to automatically transfer after completing an associate degree. Villanova University offers a Guaranteed Admissions program and West Chester University and Temple University each offer a Letter of Intent Program.
DCCC has one of the largest KEYS (Keystone Education Yields Success) programs in the state of Pennsylvania. The government-funded program helps students who are Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and/or Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) recipients achieve their career and economic goals.
Student Life
Student Body
As of fall 2019, DCCC's student body consists of 10,073 students. There are 27 percent full time and 73 percent part-time students.
Organizations
More than 30 student clubs and organizations operate at DCCC, including student government, special interest and service organizations.
Cultural groups on campus include: American Sign Language Club, Black Student Union, Campus Bible Fellowship, LatinX Student Association, LGBTQ+ Club, Multicultural Club and Mutual Africa. The Sexuality and Gender Awareness (SAGA) Club is headquartered at the Pennocks Bridge campus.
Publications
The Communitarian, DCCC's independent student-alumni newspaper, originally began as a mimeographed sheet in 1967. It is published four times each semester and features work by current and former students of the Fundamentals of Journalism courses offered at DCCC.
Pegasus, a student-run literary magazine published each spring, features literary works by DCCC students.
The Student Writing Journal, a peer-reviewed online journal, features superior academic works by DCCC students.
DCCC's New Media Lab houses three podcast productions that feature DCCC news and events (This Must Be Heard), readings of students' literary and nonfiction works (The Written) and discussions of popular forms of entertainment (Study Break).
Athletics
The DCCC athletic teams have been known as the Phantoms since 1967, when students and faculty helped select the school's mascot.
The DCCC athletic association chairs eight varsity athletic programs, which are open to full-time students and any part-time students who have completed at least 30 credit hours at DCCC. The Phantoms belong to the Eastern Pennsylvania Athletic Conference and Region 19 of the NJCAA. Men's sports include: baseball, basketball, golf and soccer. Women's sports include: basketball, cross country, indoor and outdoor track & field and volleyball. As of fall 2021, the women's volleyball program has returned from a hiatus that began in fall 2017.
The Phantoms became nationally affiliated with the NJCAA in 2012. The men's baseball team was the first to make the transition in March 2012 and the men's basketball team soon followed. The remaining sports teams became affiliated as of the 2012–2013 academic year.
DCCC's teams have won two conference championships in men's basketball in 1996 and 2012.
Athletic Facilities
Students, student-athletes, faculty and staff are granted access to the fitness center and programs at DCCC's Marple Campus.
Volleyball and basketball home games are played at Widener University's Schwartz Athletic Center and Penn State Brandywine's Athletic/Commons Gym.
Notable alumni
Callahan Bright, American football defensive lineman
Ken Cage, Airplane Repo
Dean Demopoulos, collegiate and professional basketball coach
Joe Hackett, member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, District 161 from 2011 to 2015
Audra McLaughlin, The Voice Season 6 finalist
Explanatory footnotes
References
External links
Official website
Two-year colleges in the United States
Community colleges in Pennsylvania
Universities and colleges established in 1967
Universities and colleges in Delaware County, Pennsylvania
Universities and colleges in Chester County, Pennsylvania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware%20County%20Community%20College |
Launceston Football Club () is a football club based in Launceston, Cornwall, England. They are currently members of the and play at Pennygillam.
History
The original club was established in 1891. They reached the final of the Cornwall Senior Cup in its first season (1892–93), but lost 5–1 to Penzance. After three more losing appearances in the final, they won the cup for the first time in 1899–1900 and retained it the following season. They joined the Cornish & Devon League, but folded in 1907 after their ground was closed, with a team named "The Boys of England" taking over their fixtures.
The modern club was formed in 1922 by a merger of Launceston Saturdays and the Comrades. They joined the Plymouth & District League and were Division Two champions in 1928–29. The mid-1950s saw a sustained period of success as the club won the league for three successive seasons between 1955–56 and 1957–58. They then moved up to the South Western League where they played for three seasons, before leaving in 1961. Although the club rejoined the league in 1962, they left again after finishing bottom of the table in 1965–66, dropping into the East Cornwall Premier League.
In 1979 Launceston returned to the South Western League for a third spell. They won the Cornwall Senior Cup again in 1982–83 and were runners-up in 1983–84 before winning the league in 1994–95. However, after finishing fourth the following season and winning the League Cup, they finished bottom of the league for the next three seasons. In 2004–05 they won the Cornwall Senior Cup for a fourth time, and in 2006–07 they were the last winners of the League Cup prior to the South Western League merging with the Devon County League to form the South West Peninsula League, with the club placed in the Premier Division. Following league reorganisation at the end of the 2018–19 season, they were placed in the Premier Division West.
Honours
South Western League
Champions 1994–95
League Cup winners 1995–96, 2006–07
Plymouth & District League
Champions 1955–56, 1956–57, 1957–58
Division Two champions 1928–29
Cornwall Senior Cup
Winners 1899–1900, 1900–01, 1982–83, 2004–05
Records
Best FA Cup performance: Preliminary round, 2008–09, 2009–10
Best FA Vase performance: Second round, 2006–07
See also
Launceston F.C. players
Launceston F.C. managers
References
External links
Official website
Football clubs in England
Football clubs in Cornwall
Association football clubs established in 1891
1891 establishments in England
Launceston, Cornwall
South Western Football League
East Cornwall League
South West Peninsula League | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launceston%20F.C. |
The Bark River is a tributary of the Rock River, about long, in southeastern Wisconsin in the United States. Via the Rock River, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River. According to the Geographic Names Information System, it has also been known historically as the "Peelbark River". The Bark River rises in southern Washington County at Bark Lake In Richfield, WI and flows generally southwestwardly through Waukesha and Jefferson counties, past the communities of Hartland, Delafield, Summit Dousman and Rome, and through several small lakes. It joins the Rock River in Jefferson County just east of Fort Atkinson. In Jefferson County the Bark River collects the Scuppernong River.
See also
List of Wisconsin rivers
References
Columbia Gazetteer of North America entry
DeLorme (1992). Wisconsin Atlas & Gazetteer. Freeport, Maine: DeLorme. .
Rivers of Wisconsin
Rivers of Jefferson County, Wisconsin
Rivers of Washington County, Wisconsin
Rivers of Waukesha County, Wisconsin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bark%20River%20%28Rock%20River%20tributary%29 |
Scuppernong River may refer to:
Scuppernong River (North Carolina)
Scuppernong River (Wisconsin) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scuppernong%20River |
Falmouth Town Association Football Club is a football club based in Falmouth, Cornwall, United Kingdom. They are currently members of the and play at Bickland Park. The club were the first Cornish team to reach the first round proper of the FA Cup, which they have done on three occasions; 1962–63, 1967–68 and 1969–70.
History
The club was established in 1949 and joined the Cornwall Senior League for the 1950–51 season. In 1951 they were founder members of the South Western League. They finished bottom of the league in 1952–53 and again in 1954–55, but won their first trophy in 1957–58, beating Newquay 1–0 in the League Cup final. They were league runners-up the following season, also retaining the League Cup with a 6–3 win over Truro City in the final. In 1961–62 they won the league for the first time, also winning the League Cup and the Cornwall Senior Cup, thrashing St Blazey 7–1 in the Senior Cup final. The following season saw them become the first club from Cornwall to reach the first round of the FA Cup, winning through four qualifying rounds before eventually losing 2–1 at home to Fourth Division Oxford United in front of a record crowd of 8,000. In 1964–65 the club missed out on a second league title by one point after being deducted two points. However, they won the league the following season.
In 1967–68 Falmouth reached the first round of the FA Cup for a second time, this time losing 5–2 at Third Division Peterborough United. The season also saw them win the South Western League title for a third time. Another appearance in the first round in 1969–70 resulted in another defeat to Peterborough, this time losing 4–1 at home. The club went on to win the four consecutive South Western League titles between 1970–71 and 1973–74, also winning the League Cup and Cornwall Senior Cup in 1970–71, a season in which they remained unbeaten in all three competitions; over the next three seasons they only lost five league matches. Their dominance in local football led the club to move up to the Western League in 1974. The club's first season in the league saw them win the league and League Cup double without losing a game. They then won the league for the next three seasons, marking eight consecutive league titles. This included a 58-match unbeaten stretch in the league that saw them go unbeaten in the Western League until January 1976.
In 1978–79 Falmouth finished eighth in the Western League and the following season saw them finish in the bottom half. In 1983 the club withdrew from the league due to increased travelling costs. However, an application to rejoin the South Western League was rejected and they dropped into the Cornwall Combination. After winning the Combination at the first attempt, they were allowed to rejoin the South Western League. The club went on to win back-to-back league titles in 1985–86 and 1986–87 and again in 1988–89 and 1989–90. Further league titles followed in 1991–92, 1996–97 and 1999–2000. When the South Western League merged with the Devon County League to form the South West Peninsula League in 2007, the club were placed in the Premier Division of the new league. In 2017–18 they won the League Cup, beating Tavistock 4–2 after extra time in the final. At the start of the following season the club won the league's Charity Bowl with a 2–1 win over Plymouth Parkway.
Following league reorganisation at the end of the 2018–19 season, Falmouth were placed in the Premier Division West. In 2021–22 they won the Cornwall Senior Cup and were Premier Division West champions, earning promotion to the Premier Division of the Western League.
Ground
The club initially played at the Recreation Ground, before moving to Union Corner when they joined the South Western League. Over 1,200 spectators attended the club's first South Western League match on 18 August 1951, the game ending in a 3–3 draw. The ground was a farmer's field with players initially having to change in a nearby YMCA and then travel to the ground by bus. Shortly afterwards the club bought two fields at Ashfield, where a new ground was built. However, this was soon sold to Shell-Mex & BP for £20,000, with the club moving back to Union Corner for a season in 1956. The money allowed them to build a new ground at Bickland Park, which opened in August 1957 with Newquay the first visitors. In the early 1960s the club played a home game at Falmouth Docks' Mongleath/Boslowick as Bickland Park was being used for a Cornwall FA match.
Bickland Park has covered stands on all four sides of the ground, with the main stand on one side of the pitch sent into banking. The other three sides of the ground have covered standing areas. Floodlights were installed in 1973, although their first use was on 10 April 1974 for a match against Porthleven.
Honours
Western League
Champions 1974–75, 1975–76, 1976–77, 1977–78
League Cup winners 1974–75
Alan Young Cup winners 1975–76 (shared with Taunton Town), 1977–78
South Western League
Champions 1961–62, 1965–66, 1967–68, 1970–71, 1971–72, 1972–73, 1973–74, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1991–92, 1996–97, 1999–00
League Cup winners 1957–58, 1958–59, 1961–62, 1962–63, 1967–68, 1970–71, 1985–86, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1994–95, 1996–97, 1998–99
South West Peninsula League
Premier Division West champions 2021–22
League Cup winners 2017–18
Charity Bowl winners 2018–19
Cornwall Combination
Champions 1983–84
Pratten Cup
Winners 1973–74
Cornwall Senior Cup
Winners 1961–62, 1964–65, 1965–66, 1967–68, 1970–71, 1973–74, 1975–76, 1976–77, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1996–97, 2018–19, 2021–22
Cornwall Charity Cup
Winners 1959–60, 1999–2000
St Austell Brewery Cup
Winners 1989–90, 1991–92, 1993–94, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1997–98
Aubrey Wilkes Trophy
Winners 1988–89, 1991–92, 1993–94, 1995–96, 2011–12, 2018–19
Records
Best FA Cup performance: First round, 1962–63, 1967–68, 1969–70.
Best FA Trophy performance: Second round, 1977–78
Best FA Vase performance: Quarter-finals, 1986–87
Record attendance: 8,000 vs Oxford United, FA Cup, 1962–63
Record transfer fee received: £12,000 for Tony Kellow to Exeter City in 1976
Most appearances: Keith Manley, 580
Most goals: Joe Scott, 205
See also
Falmouth Town A.F.C. players
Falmouth Town A.F.C. managers
References
External links
Fan website
Football clubs in England
Football clubs in Cornwall
Falmouth, Cornwall
1949 establishments in England
Association football clubs established in 1949
South Western Football League
Western Football League
Cornwall Combination
South West Peninsula League | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falmouth%20Town%20A.F.C. |
Jiří Dopita (, born 2 December 1968 in Šumperk, Czechoslovakia) is former Czech professional ice hockey player, and currently hockey coach. He has played in the Czech Elite League most of his career. He briefly played in the National Hockey League. Dopita has primarily played center throughout his career.
Playing career
Early in his career, Dopita attracted little notice as a professional prospect. At age 23, Dopita was selected in the sixth round of the 1992 NHL Entry Draft by the Boston Bruins, but never came to North America while the Bruins owned his rights. However, starting in 1993, Dopita joined the German Bundesliga with Eisbären Berlin, averaging over a point per game in the Bundeliga and with Berlin's later entry in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga.
Starting in the 1995–96 season, Dopita returned to his native Czech Republic and played with HC Vsetín of the Czech Extraliga. Dopita continued his scoring pace in the Czech Republic, averaging over a point per game every year in six seasons with Vsetín, compiling 315 career points, and being selected again in the NHL draft, this time in 1998 being selected in the 5th round at 123rd overall by the New York Islanders. However, once again, Dopita would not play with the Islanders. And at the 1999 NHL Entry Draft, his right were traded to the Florida Panthers for a 5th round choice that year.
By the late 1990s, some, such as the Hockey News, considered Dopita the best player outside the NHL. He was a member of the gold medal-winning Czech team at the 1998 Winter Olympics, and was named Czech player of the year in 2001, the first non-NHLer to win the award since Roman Turek in 1994. When it became clear that Dopita still did not seem to have interest in coming to North America, his NHL rights were moved again at the 2001 NHL Entry Draft to the Philadelphia Flyers for a 2nd round selection that year, the Flyers made a concerted effort to bring Dopita to the NHL. The Flyers had convinced Dopita's former Vsetin HC teammate Roman Cechmanek to come to North America prior to the previous season and the 32-year-old Dopita agreed to join him in Philadelphia for the 2001–02 NHL season.
However, Dopita's time in the NHL was to be disappointing. He recorded respectable totals getting limited ice time with Philadelphia, including a four-goal game against the Atlanta Thrashers, but a knee injury limited him to 52 games. After the season, his rights were traded to the Edmonton Oilers, where he was expected to be a top-two centre. However, Dopita had a terrible season, recording only six points in 21 games.
After only two years in the NHL, Dopita returned to the Czech Republic, this time with Pardubice HC. In his second year with Pardubice, at age 36, Dopita recorded less than a point per game in European competition for the first time since his time with Olomouc HC. For 2005–06, Dopita joined HC JME Znojemští Orli and has remained with the team for 2006–07 season too.
On 5 May 2006 Dopita became the majority shareholder of Olomouc HC.
Dopita is currently the head coach of VHK Vsetín.
Awards and achievements
Olympic gold medal winner for the Czech Republic in the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano
IIHF World Champion: 1996, 2000, 2001
Golden Stick Award: 2001 (the highest trophy an ice hockey player can get in the Czech Republic)
Czech Extraliga – Champion: 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2005
Czech Extraliga – Regular Season MVP: 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001
Czech Extraliga – Play-Off MVP: 1994, 1996, 1998, 2001
Czech Extraliga – Leading Goal Scorer: 1997, 2000
German DEL – Leading Point Scorer: 1995
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
External links
Jiří Dopita's profile at HC Znojemští Orli webpage
1968 births
Living people
Boston Bruins draft picks
Czech ice hockey centres
Czech ice hockey coaches
Edmonton Oilers players
Eisbären Berlin players
HC Olomouc players
HC Kometa Brno players
HC Dynamo Pardubice players
HC Tábor players
Orli Znojmo players
Ice hockey players at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 1998 Winter Olympics
New York Islanders draft picks
Olympic gold medalists for the Czech Republic
Olympic ice hockey players for the Czech Republic
Olympic medalists in ice hockey
People from Šumperk
Philadelphia Flyers players
VHK Vsetín players
Ice hockey people from the Olomouc Region
Czech expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
Czech expatriate ice hockey players in Germany | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD%20Dopita |
Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (, abbreviated as SKMCH&RC/SKMCH) is a cancer centre with locations in Lahore and Peshawar, Pakistan. It is the first project of the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Trust, a charitable organization established under the Societies Registration Act XXI of 1858 of British India. It is Pakistan's largest tertiary care hospital.
History
The hospital was founded by Imran Khan, Pakistani cricketer-turned-politician and former Prime Minister. The inspiration to build a cancer hospital came after his mother, Mrs. Shaukat Khanum, succumbed to cancer in 1985. During his mother's illness, he also witnessed the plight of poor cancer patients in Pakistan's hospitals, and deeply felt the need for a specialized cancer centre in his country. He had a vision of making cancer treatment accessible to every Pakistani who needed it. This is reflected in the hospital's mission statement:
"To act as a model institution to alleviate the suffering of patients with cancer through the application of modern methods of curative and palliative therapy irrespective of their ability to pay, the education of health care professionals and the public and perform research into the causes and treatment of cancer".
Designing and execution of the master plan was overseen by Dr. Nausherwan K. Burki (MB, PhD, FRCP, FCPS, FCCP) of the University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, in collaboration with an international team of cancer physicians and research workers. Designing and architectural services were provided by Arrasmith, Judd & Rapp, Architects in Health Planning of Louisville, Kentucky, USA. Architectural details were handled by Messrs. Nayyar Ali Dada & Associates of Lahore. Local engineering was performed by Messrs. Progressive Consultants, Lahore. The hospital land was state owned land and the use was approved by Former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. Ground was broken in April 1991 and the Former Prime Minister Sharif attended the opening ceremony on 29 December 1994.
Since its opening, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital, Lahore has received local and international recognition, including the Joint Commission International's Gold Seal of Approval and the World Health Organization's UAE Foundation Prize.
In 1992, Bollywood legend Amitabh Bachchan, Mick Jagger of The Rolling Stones, Peter Gabriel, Vinod Khanna, Elizabeth Hurley, and Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan came together for the Shaukat Khanum Appeal Concert. In the 1990s, Diana, Princess of Wales, visited the hospital alongside her friend Jemima Khan and her two sons.
Celebrity support for Shaukat Khanum has continued through the years. Notable Pakistani actor Fawad Khan dedicated his debut Bollywood film Khoobsurat to the foundation. Each year, SKMCH&RC carries out two major cancer awareness campaigns: the Breast Cancer Awareness Campaign in October; and the Anti-Tobacco Campaign in May.
SKMCH&RC in Lahore and Peshawar provide financially supported treatment to about 75% of their patients.
Today, the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Trust has a presence in over fifty Pakistani cities in the form of hospitals, diagnostic centres, walk-in-clinics (cancer screening centres), and collection centres. The Trust aims to build a series of hospitals in various cities of Pakistan to bring cancer care closer to patients. Since a quarter of the patients at SKMCH&RC, Lahore were from the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province of Pakistan, and adjoining areas, the second hospital has been built in Peshawar, the capital city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
The second hospital was inaugurated on 29 December 2015 by a cancer patient in Peshawar.[15] At the completion of Phase I, it has commenced clinical services, with outpatient clinics, inpatient beds, a fully equipped intensive care unit (ICU), a full-service pharmacy, and 24-hour emergency services. Chemotherapy services are also available, of tremendous benefit to patients who previously made physically, emotionally, and financially demanding trips to Lahore for cyclical chemotherapy treatments every few weeks.
In conjunction with the commencement of clinical services, the full range of pathology and radiology services have begun in Peshawar. The Radiology department has commenced services. Surgical oncology services are expected to start in 2020 as part of Phase 3 of the development. SKMCH&RC, Peshawar is built according to the latest international healthcare standards and its covered area is even bigger than SKMCH&RC, Lahore.
Board of governors
The hospital is a project of the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Trust, a non-profit legal entity established under the laws of Pakistan. The Board of Governors formulates overall policy and consists of bankers, researchers, businessmen, and physicians. The hospital is managed by a professional team from clinical, administrative, and nursing backgrounds. former Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan is the chairman of the board.
The Board of Governors of SKMT is composed of eminent individuals from diverse backgrounds, including bankers, researchers, businessmen, and physicians, who bring valuable experience to the table. The role of the Board includes governance and oversight of the clinical programmes, finances, and resource generation.
Mr. Imran Khan (chairman),
Dr. Nausherwan Khan Burki,
Mrs. Aleema Khanum,
Dr. Uzma Ahad,
Mr. Ashiq Hussain Qureshi,
Dr. Tauseef Ahmed,
Mr. Saifuddin Zoomkawala,
Mr. S.M. Muneer,
Mr. Munir Kamal,
Mr. Irfan Mustafa,
Mr. Tariq Shafi,
Mr. Ehsan Mani,
Mr. Atif Bukhari.
Clinical departments
Surgical Oncology
Anesthesiology Details
Medical Oncology
Pediatric Oncology
Pharmacy Details
Clinical & Radiation Oncology
Nuclear Medicine Details
Pathology Details
Ancillary Health Services
Clinical Radiology
Internal Medicine
Research
Research is needed to develop better ways of detecting and treating cancer and to improve cancer care. Over the coming years, SKMCH&RC's expanding knowledge of cancer genetics will have a major impact on its ability to predict an individual's level of risk of developing cancer, to detect and diagnose cancer early, and to select treatments that are most likely to be effective. Ultimately, the genetic revolution may lead to ways of preventing cancer. The genetic revolution provides major opportunities for identifying people at risk of cancer and for developing better treatments. At the moment such studies are limited in Pakistan.
SKMCH&RC's research is organized in three streams:
Epidemiology, which seeks to understand the lifestyle and environmental causes of cancer
Molecular biology, which will enable the development of better ways of predicting treatment responses and disease outcome i.e. molecular markers
Clinical trials, which are primarily focused on the evaluation of existing and new therapies.
The Management Information Systems (MIS) Department has developed a state-of-the-art hospital information system. Through this system, the research team has been able to handle the logistics of a large hospital, documenting a wealth of patient information.
SKMCH&RC's objective is to explore the bridge between laboratory and clinic through the support of translational studies in areas of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. It is important to maintain research concerned with cancer in the local population, addressing issues of prevention through studies on the effects of genetic make-up, environment, and lifestyle.
The research section has been developed over the last five years and, recently, received a donation to refurbish the third floor of the hospital into a research wing, housing a suite of research laboratories, a data management and epidemiology division, as well as a clinical research section responsible for clinical trials.
The team of researchers is expanding and several projects are underway. Currently, Basic Sciences Research is divided into three main areas of interest and several projects are being conducted:
Identification of genetic risk factors in the development of cancer
Prevalence and spectrum of BRCA1/2 germline mutations in Pakistani Breast and/or Ovarian Cancer families.
A study to evaluate the association between germline genetic variation and disease risk and outcome in ovarian carcinoma in Pakistan.
The role of p53 mutations in the development, progression and outcome of breast cancer in Pakistan.
Genetic causes of colorectal cancer in the Pakistani population.
Tumor virology
Human Papillomavirus Associated with Esophageal Cancer in Pakistan - A Retrospective Analysis.
Human Papillomavirus in Cervical Cancer cases from Pakistan.
Transcriptional profiling of Hodgkin's Lymphoma; relationship to Epstein-Barr virus status, histological subtype and geographical locale.
Infections and cancer
Quantitative PCR for detection and quantification of fungal infections in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and myelodysplastic syndrome.
Future
A new branch of Shaukat Khanum Memorial Hospital is planned for Karachi and is currently being built and is projected to be completed by 2023.
Shaukat Khanum Memorial Hospital is planned for Bahawalpur. Memorandum of Understanding has been signed by Shaukat Khanum Memorial Hospital Lahore and Defence Housing Authority Bahawalpur on 26 July 2019. It will be built in DHA Bahawalpur on area of 400 Canal. It is assumed that it will be Pakistan's largest cancer hospital.
Achievements
Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Center, Peshawar branch, has now earned Joint Commission International's Gold Seal of Approval® for Hospital Accreditation after strictly following compliance with its standards which are recognized globally.
Regional offices
Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center has regional offices throughout Pakistan, in Lahore, Karachi, Islamabad, Peshawar, Multan, Faisalabad and Sialkot. Moreover, the hospital has expanded its marketing and fundraising reach to cities like Gujranwala, Sheikhupura, Rahim Yar Khan and Sahiwal.
It has overseas offices in England, the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Arab Emirates and Norway.
Criticism
There have been some allegations of misuse of funds by Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital, such as siphoning off some funds for the political party Pakistan Tahreek e Insaf, being also run by the founder of SKMCH. SKMCH has denied these allegations.
There have been allegations regarding multiple occasions where Imran Khan's opposition and the military establishment have tried their hand in defaming the foundation.
See also
List of hospitals in Pakistan
Imran Khan
Cancer
Gambat
References
External links
Hospital buildings completed in 1994
Cancer hospitals in Pakistan
Cancer organisations based in Pakistan
Hospitals in Lahore
Hospitals established in 1994
Imran Khan
Medical research institutes in Pakistan
Nayyar Ali Dada buildings and structures
1994 establishments in Pakistan
United Arab Emirates Health Foundation Prize laureates | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaukat%20Khanum%20Memorial%20Cancer%20Hospital%20and%20Research%20Centre |
Kick the Moon () is a 2001 South Korean film directed by Kim Sang-jin.
Plot
Ten years ago, a legendary fighter named Choi Gi-dong and a timid straight-A student named Park Young-joon leave for a high school field trip to Gyeongju city. But during their journey, fate befalls on them as they experience an unforgettable incident that would change the course of their lives.
One night during a school gala, Gi-dong leads his entire school to a huge brawl against a local gang while Young-joon chickens out and stays behind at the party by himself. The streets turn out to be a battlefield with blood gushing, heads bashing and bones breaking, but the gruesome fight nonetheless becomes history in the making. Gi-dong becomes admired for his bravery, while Young-joon gets ostracized for his fear.
Ten years later, Gi-dong and Young-joon coincidentally meet each other at a club in Gyeongju. Surprisingly, Young-joon turns out to be a big time gangster while Gi-dong becomes a daunting phys ed teacher who transferred to a high school in Gyeongju. They feel glad about their unexpected reunion, but the mood gets tense as they rekindle old yet not-so-fond memories.
Before they bid farewell, both Gi-dong and Young-joon suddenly find a pretty damsel named Ju-ran in distress. In an instant, they fall headlong in love with her as Ju-ran's gleeful smile sweeps them off their feet.
Gi-dong makes his claim on Ju-ran, but Young-joon calls it a fair game. Young-joon planned to make his trip to Gyeongju a short visit, but he extends his stay to win Ju-ran's heart and to get back at Gi-dong for old time's sake. Gi-dong gets infuriated over Young-joon's decision since he won't listen to him like the good old days. Even though fighting over Ju-ran becomes a grueling test to their friendship, the situation gets worse when they practically get the whole city involved. It's a fight to the finish to win one girl's heart, even if it takes a few bones to break.
Cast
Lee Sung-jae - Park Young-jun
Cha Seung-won - Choi Gi-dong
Kim Hye-soo - Min Ju-ran
Lee Jong-su - Min Jin-seob
Kim Young-joon - Park Jun-young
Lee Han-gal - Hyeok-su
Lee Won-jong - Chun-soo
Yoo Hae-jin
Lee Si-eon
References
External links
2001 films
2001 action comedy films
South Korean action comedy films
Films about educators
Films about organized crime in South Korea
2000s Korean-language films
Films directed by Kim Sang-jin (film director)
2001 comedy films
2000s South Korean films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kick%20the%20Moon |
Battery Park is a public park overlooking Lake Champlain at the western end of downtown Burlington, Vermont. The park includes a bandshell, a playground, and various monuments, including a bronze statue of Civil War veteran General William W. Wells, and a red oak sculpture of Chief Gray Lock, a veteran of Gray Lock's War. Locally, it is popular for its wide, sweeping views of Lake Champlain.
History
The park was named for the artillery stationed there by American forces during the War of 1812. On August 13, 1813, American gunners, aided by the , successfully defended their position against an attack by a British squadron led by Lt Colonel John Murray.
The park land was deeded to the City of Burlington in 1870, and the Battery Park Extension was added to the southern end in 1972.
Trivia
Because of its unobstructed view high above Burlingon's harbor, Battery Park is a very popular spot for observers of the Independence Day fireworks launched from a barge in the bay.
According to noted author Rudyard Kipling (The Jungle Book), Battery Park has one of the two finest sunset views in the world, with the other location being Kenya’s Ngong Hills.
References
Links
Vermont Department of Parks and Recreation
President Lyndon B. Johnson's Remarks at Battery Park
Battle at Burlington (1813)
Parks in Vermont
Geography of Burlington, Vermont
Protected areas of Chittenden County, Vermont
Tourist attractions in Burlington, Vermont | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery%20Park%20%28Burlington%2C%20Vermont%29 |
The hulusi (), also known as the cucurbit flute and the gourd flute, is a free reed wind instrument from China, Vietnam, and the Shan State, played also by the indigenous people of Assam. It is held vertically and has three bamboo pipes that pass through a Calabash gourd wind chest; the center pipe has finger holes and the outer two are typically drone pipes. It is not uncommon for a hulusi to have only one drone pipe while the second outer pipe is merely ornamental. The drone pipe has a finger hole which allows it to be stopped. Advanced configurations have keyed finger holes similar to a clarinet or oboe, which can greatly extend the range of the hulusi to several octaves.
The hulusi was originally used primarily in the Shan State of Myanmar, Yunnan province and Assam by a number of ethnic-minority groups, in particular the Dai people who call the instrument "pi lamtao" (筚朗叨 – the word "pi" means woodwind instruments, and the word "lamtao"(namtao) means gourd), and has gained nationwide popularity throughout China and is also used by various indigenous ethnic groups of Assam; similar to the popularity of the harmonica in the West, and "improved" versions have been produced outside the indigenous realms. In Vietnam, the instrument is referred to as the "Sáo Bầu", which means Gourd Flute. Like the related free reed pipe called bawu, the hulusi has a very pure, very mellow clarinet-like sound.
A similar instrument called hulusheng is a mouth organ with a gourd wind chest.
Etymology
The instrument's name comes from the Mandarin Chinese word húlu (葫蘆絲/葫芦丝), meaning "Calabash gourd," and si, meaning "silk" (referring to the instrument's smooth tone).HULUSI The instrument is called pi lamtao in the Dai (Tai Nuea) language of Dehong and "pi namtao" in Lue language (Sipsong Panna), Khun language (Kengtung), Yuan language (Northern Thailand), Lao language and Thai language. It is also called Huluxi in Assam.hulusi
Performers
Although the hulusi is still predominantly performed in Yunnan (China), Shan State (Myanmar) and Assam it has in recent years been adopted by European composers and performers. Rohan Leach and Jack Reddick from England, Raphaël De Cock from Belgium, Sara Bentes from Brazil, Nadishana from Russia and Herman Witkam from the Netherlands have all taken the instrument in new directions.
References
External links
Hulusi page from Pat Missin site
Hulusi page from ASZA.com site
Video
Hulusi video from The Musical Instruments E-book
See also
Bawu
Traditional Squares
Pungi, a similar Indian instrument
Chinese musical instruments
Free reed aerophones
Culture in Yunnan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulusi |
Alarma Records was an imprint of Newpax Records and Frontline Records. Alarma! Records and Tapes was formed in 1983 by the band Daniel Amos with musician Tom Howard for the release of their Doppelgänger album. The name of the label comes from the band's 1981 album ¡Alarma!.
It was reformed by the Frontline Music Group in the late 1980s.
Artists
afewloosescrews
Altar Boys
Daniel Amos
Dead Artist Syndrome
Dr. Edward Daniel Taylor
Edin-Ådahl
Rick Elias
Every Day Life
Hoglund Band
Jacob's Trouble
Lifesavers
Mad at the World
Michael Knott
Mortal
Poor Old Lu
Scaterd Few
Shades of Blue
The Swirling Eddies
Terry Scott Taylor
White Frogs
Walk on Water
David Zaffiro
See also
Intense Records
List of record labels
References
Christian record labels
American independent record labels
Record labels established in 1983
Record labels established in 1988 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alarma%20Records |
Rabbi Yehuda Chitrik (August 28, 1899 – February 14, 2006) was an author and Mashpia in the Chabad Hasidic community in Brooklyn, New York.
Early life
Yehuda Chitrik was born in 1899 in , a small Jewish shtetl in Russia, to a prominent Lubavitch family that traces its roots to the foremost Chassidim of the Alter Rebbe. At the age of 14, he began studying in Yeshiva Tomchei Temimim in the village of Lyubavichi, where he met the fifth Chabad Rebbe, Rabbi Sholom Dovber Schneersohn. For the next 12 years, he traveled to many different communities together with the Yeshiva, for the difficulties caused by World War I, the Bolshevik revolution, and the economic pressures to which the Jews were subjected compelled the Yeshiva to move frequently.
In 1926 Chitrik married Kayla Tomarkin, the daughter of Rabbi Aharon Tomarkin, a Rabbi in Kharkiv, Ukraine, and began to serve as a Shochet until the Russian government forcefully shut down the ritual slaughterhouses. During this period he also met Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, who later became the seventh Lubavitcher rebbe.
Post-Holocaust
In the turmoil that followed World War II and the Holocaust, Rabbi Chitrik and his family moved to Belgium with the intention of continuing to the United States. But the sixth Chabad Rebbe, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn recognized his skills and asked him to remain in Belgium to support the community and spread Yiddishkeit and Chassidic warmth among the many refugees who had settled in that country.
In 1949, he emigrated to Montreal, Canada, where he was appointed Mashpia in the branch of the Lubavitcher Yeshiva established there. After the passing of his wife in 1983, he moved to Brooklyn.
Rabbi Chitrik was the eldest living Chabad Chassid for many years. He died 17 Shevat 5766. He has four children and eighteen grandchildren, and is survived by over 300 descendants in total.
Many of his descendants serve as spiritual leaders and rabbis across the globe. Amongst them is his son-in-law Rabbi David Moshe Lieberman, who serves as the chief rabbi of Antwerp, Belgium. His great grandsons, Rabbi Mendy Chitrik of Istanbul, Turkey serves as the Chairman of the Alliance of Rabbis in Islamic States. Other descendants serve in China, Turkey, Germany, Australia, Israel, Canada, Uruguay, Brazil, Ukraine, England and cities across the United States: Bedford, NY; Philadelphia, PA, New York City, NY; Munster, IN; Oak Park, MI.
Writings
Reshimot Devorim, four volumes.
From My Father's Shabbos Table, A Treasury of Chabad Chassidic Stories
External links
A collection of stories by Yehudah Chitrik on Chabad.org
Books
Rabbi Yehuda Chitrik, 106; Chasidic Storyteller The Jewish Week
New York Times eulogy
Chabad-Lubavitch rabbis
Chabad-Lubavitch Mashpiim
Russian centenarians
Canadian centenarians
American centenarians
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
1899 births
2006 deaths
American Hasidic rabbis
Belarusian Jews
Men centenarians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yehuda%20Chitrik |
Bodmin Town Football Club is a football club based in Bodmin, Cornwall, England. They are currently members of the and play at Priory Park.
History
The club was established by W.M. Pethybridge and C.H. Bray in 1889. After amalgamating with a team from the local barracks in 1900, they started playing in white shirts, gaining the nickname "the Lilywhites". They won the Bodmin & District (Senior) League in 1922–23, and in 1925 the colour of the club's home shirts was changed to amber. They won the league again in 1926–27 and were runners-up in 1947–48.
In 1953 Bodmin joined the South Western League, where they played for nine seasons, before leaving at the end of the 1961–62 season to play in the East Cornwall Premier League. They rejoined the South Western League in 1969, and were runners-up in 1976–77. They won the league for the first time in 1990–91, and were champions again in 1993–94. They won the Cornwall Senior Cup for the first time in 1998–99, beating Millbrook 2–1 in the final. After finishing as runners-up twice in a row, they won the league for a third time in 2005–06.
In 2007 the club were founder members of the South West Peninsula League, and were placed in the Premier Division; they went on to win the league and the League Cup in both of its first two seasons. They finished as runners-up in 2009–10 and 2010–11, winning the Senior Cup in both seasons, beating Camelford 3–1 in the 2010 final and St Austell 3–2 in 2011. The 2011–12 season saw them win the league, the League Cup and the Senior Cup, beating Saltash United 3–2 in the final. They repeated the feat in 2012–13, with Helston Athletic beaten 4–3 after extra time in the Senior Cup final. A fifth league title was won in 2015–16, with the club also winning the League Cup for a fifth time and the Senior Cup for a sixth time with a 7–0 win over Godolphin Athletic in the final.
Following league reorganisation at the end of the 2018–19 season, Bodmin were placed in the Premier Division West.
Ground
The club initially played at Cooksland, a ground located on Liskeard Road. They subsequently moved to Coldharbour Lane and then Barn Park, before returning to Cooksland. They later moved to Westheath, which they shared with St Lawrence's Hospital football club and the cricket club.
In 1948 they moved to their current ground, Priory Park, which is owned by the local council. A stand was relocated from Westheath to the new ground, but was replaced by a new 400-capacity main stand in 1958, which cost £2,500 to build; the money was donated by TH Dennison, with the stand being named the Dennison Memorial Stand. Floodlights were installed in 1971 and a new clubhouse built in 1985.
One end of the ground consists of grass banking, with the other two sides of the pitch left open. The ground currently has a capacity of 5,000.
Honours
South West Peninsula League
Premier Division champions 2007–08, 2008–09, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2015–16
League Cup winners 2007–08, 2008–09, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2015–16
South Western League
Champions 1990–91, 1993–94, 2005–06
League Cup winners 1993–94
Bodmin & District (Senior) League
Champions 1922–23, 1926–27
Cornwall Senior Cup
Winners 1998–99, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2015–16
Cornwall Charity Cup
Winners 1986–87, 2013–14
Records
Best FA Cup performance: Third qualifying round 2011–12
Best FA Trophy performance: Second qualifying round 1970–71
Best FA Vase performance: Fifth Round 2012–13
See also
Bodmin Town F.C. players
Bodmin Town F.C. managers
References
External links
Football clubs in Cornwall
Football clubs in England
Association football clubs established in 1889
1889 establishments in England
Bodmin
South Western Football League
East Cornwall League
South West Peninsula League
Military football clubs in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodmin%20Town%20F.C. |
SOP is a Philippine television variety show broadcast by GMA Network. It premiered on February 2, 1997, replacing GMA Supershow. The show concluded on February 28, 2010, with a total of 672 episodes. It was replaced by Party Pilipinas in its timeslot.
History
SOP started airing on February 2, 1997, with a live episode from the GMA Broadway studios. Regular dancers include the VIP Dancers, Universal Motion Dancers, Abstract Dancers and Kidz at Work; with Al Quinn as the director and German Moreno as a production consultant.
In 2005, the cast of SOP and SOP Gigsters together with Mel Tiangco, Joey de Leon, Richard Gomez and German Moreno went to San Francisco, California, United States, for the launch of GMA Pinoy TV.
The show moved to a new set at GMA Network Center Annex, Studio 7 in November 2008. It is one of the biggest studios in the Philippines accommodating 1,000-member audiences.
Cast
Ogie Alcasid
Janno Gibbs
Vina Morales
G. Toengi
Cacai Velasquez
Regine Velasquez
Gary Valenciano
Jaya
Co-hosts and performers
604
Carla Abellana
Aljur Abrenica
Marvin Agustin
Marco Alcaraz
Bernadette Allyson-Estrada
Bobby Andrews
Aryana
Roxanne Barcelo
Kris Bernal
James Blanco
Nancy Castiglione
Billy Crawford
Chico and Delamar
Glaiza de Castro
Chris Cayzer
Ryza Cenon
Marky Cielo
Jake Cuenca
Anne Curtis
Rita Daniela
Dingdong Dantes
Angelika dela Cruz
Maybelyn dela Cruz
Joshua Desiderio
Joshua Dionisio
Mylene Dizon
Sunshine Dizon
Cogie Domingo
Gabby Eigenmann
Mart Escudero
Brenan Espartinez
Heart Evangelista
Frencheska Farr
Barbie Forteza
Joross Gamboa
Maricris Garcia
Toni Gonzaga
Carlo Guevarra
Matteo Guidicelli
Raymond Gutierrez
Richard Gutierrez
Ruffa Gutierrez
Mark Herras
Eugene Herrera
Jerome John Hughes
Dion Ignacio
Joseph Izon
Jay-R
Karylle
Bianca King
Kitty Girls
Yasmien Kurdi
Kyla
Kris Lawrence
Lilet
Angel Locsin
Francis Magalona
Maxene Magalona
Gian Magdangal
Jolina Magdangal
Malik
Karel Marquez
Jennylyn Mercado
Lani Misalucha
K. C. Montero
Vaness del Moral
Champagne Morales
Jan Nieto
Nina
Chynna Ortaleza
Amanda Page
Paolo Paraiso
Tyron Perez
Lovi Poe
Yassi Pressman
Rufa Mae Quinto
Radha
Jolo Revilla
Cristine Reyes
LJ Reyes
Tricia Roman
Jake Roxas
Julie Anne San Jose
Aicelle Santos
Gerald Santos
Danica Sotto
Miko Sotto
South Border
Stags
Miggy Tanchangco
Antoinette Taus
Geoff Taylor
Bryan Termulo
Dennis Trillo
TJ Trinidad
Brad Turvey
Greg Turvey
Mo Twister
Kevin Vernal
April Villanueva
Jonalyn Viray
Trina Zuñiga
Ratings
According to AGB Nielsen Philippines' Mega Manila household television ratings, the final episode of SOP scored a 13% rating.
Accolades
References
External links
1997 Philippine television series debuts
2010 Philippine television series endings
Filipino-language television shows
GMA Network original programming
Philippine variety television shows | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOP%20%28TV%20program%29 |
Henricus Regius (; July 29, 1598 – February 19, 1679) was a Dutch philosopher, physician, and professor of medicine at the University of Utrecht from 1638.
Biography
Regius was born in Utrecht, and was also known by his birth name, Hendrik de Roy, or by its French rendering, Henri Le Roy. He studied liberal arts at the University of Franeker and medicine at Groningen University, Leiden University, and subsequently at the Universities of Montpellier and Padua.
He was a vocal proponent of Cartesianism, and corresponded frequently with René Descartes. He was the author of a textbook of natural philosophy, Fundamenta Physices.
He died in Utrecht.
References
External links
The Correspondence between Descartes and Henricus Regius (in French, with commentary in English)
The Mathematics Genealogy Project - Henricus Regius
1598 births
1679 deaths
17th-century Dutch physicians
17th-century Dutch philosophers
Physicians from Utrecht (city)
Academic staff of Utrecht University | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henricus%20Regius |
PEBL may mean or refer to:
PEBL (software), Psychology Experiment Building Language, a platform for administering psychological exams
Motorola Pebl, a mobile phone produced by Motorola. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEBL |
The elf is a humanoid race in the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, one of the primary races available for player characters, and play a central role in the narratives of many setting worlds of the game. Elves are described as renowned for their grace and mastery of magic and weapons such as the bow and sword. Becoming physically mature by the age of 25 and emotionally mature at around 125, they are also famously long-lived, capable of living more than half a millennium and remaining physically youthful. Possessed of innate beauty and easy gracefulness, they are viewed as both wondrous and haughty by other races in-universe; however, their natural detachment is seen by some as introversion or xenophobia. They were usually portrayed as antagonistic towards dwarves.
There are numerous different subraces and subcultures of elves, including aquatic elves, dark elves (drow), deep elves (rockseer), grey elves, high elves, moon elves, snow elves, sun elves, valley elves, wild elves (grugach), wood elves and winged elves (avariel). The offspring of humans and elves are known as "half-elves" among humans and in sourcebooks, and as "half-humans" among elves.
Creative influences
Gary Gygax claimed Dungeons & Dragons elves draw very little from Tolkien's version of the elf. However, academic Philip J. Clements sees certain aspects as directly traceable to Tolkien's portrayal. Similarly, academic Philippe Bornet in "Religions in play: games, rituals, and virtual worlds" said that elves in the game are based on Tolkien's version of the elf. Michael J. Tresca, in the book The Evolution of Fantasy Role-Playing Games (2014), stated the elven sub-types in Dungeons & Dragons can be traced to divided lines of Tolkien's elves – Noldor become high elves, Tawarwaith become wood elves and Sindar become grey elves in the game.
Publication history
Original Dungeons & Dragons
The elf first appeared as a player character race in the original 1974 edition of Dungeons & Dragons. The aquatic elf was introduced in the 1975 Blackmoor supplement. Elves in Dungeons & Dragons are immune to paralysis as a holdover from a game balance adjustment in Chainmail. Players with elf characters could chose either the "fighting-man" or "magic-user" class to start with; multiclassing was allowed, however, elf characters could only take a max of four levels in fighter and eight levels in magic-user. Tresca described the Tolkien style of elf as "a burden for game designers" as they were seemingly "more capable than humans". Tresca commented that "Gygax worked hard to curb their power, by giving the race a weak constitution and putting limitations on how high they could level. These limitations would not be removed until the third edition of Dungeons & Dragons".
Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 1st edition
The elf appeared as a player character race in the original Player's Handbook (1978). The elf also appeared in the original Monster Manual (1977), with subraces including High Elf, Gray Elf (some of whom are also called Faerie), Dark Elf (also called Drow), Wood Elf (also called Sylvan), and Aquatic Elf. The grugach, valley elf, and cooshee (an elven dog) first appeared in Dragon issue #67 (November 1982) in "Featured Creatures", an ongoing series of articles where Gary Gygax released information on official creatures before their release in the upcoming Monster Manual II. The grugach, valley elf, and cooshee then appeared in the original Monster Manual II (1983). A number of elven subraces were presented as character races in the original Unearthed Arcana (1985).
Basic Dungeons & Dragons
The elf appeared as a character race in the Dungeons & Dragons Basic Set (1977). In subsequent revisions, in order to streamline the game, the non-humans (including the elf) were presented as distinct classes. The elf class is often seen as a blend of the fighter and magic-user classes.
The Shadow elf appears as a character race in GAZ13 The Shadow Elves published by TSR in 1990 as a 64-page booklet and a 32-page booklet.
Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition
The high elf appeared as a character race in the second edition Player's Handbook (1989). The high elf also appeared in the Monstrous Compendium Volume One (1989). Several elven races were detailed as player character races in The Complete Book of Elves (1992). Supplements focused on elves in specific campaign settings include Comanthor: Empire of the Elves, Elves of Evermeet and Elves of Athas.
Dungeons & Dragons 3rd edition
The elf appeared as a character race in the third edition Player's Handbook (2000), and in the 3.5 revised Player's Handbook. Elves were detailed for the Forgotten Realms setting in Races of Faerûn (2003). Elves were one of the races detailed in Races of the Wild (2005).
Dungeons & Dragons 4th edition
The elf appeared as a character race and as one of three in a family of elven races — the sylvans, the drows, and the eladrins — in the fourth edition Player's Handbook (2008). This version of the elf returns in the Essentials rulebook Heroes of the Fallen Lands (2010). The elf appears in the fourth edition Monster Manual (2008).
Tresca explained that this edition allowed elves and humans to be equal in height and "deemphasized their low constitution, a balancing attribute created for earlier editions". Tresca opined that the introduction of eladrin "restored elves in Dungeons & Dragons to the mysterious, sometimes dangerous, and altogether powerful status they enjoyed in Middle-earth".
Dungeons & Dragons 5th edition
The elf was included as a player race in the 5th edition Player's Handbook (2014). Three subraces were introduced with it: the high elf, the wood elf, and the drow (dark elf). The Player's Handbook connects the high elves to the gray elves and valley elves of the Greyhawk setting, the Silvanesti and Qualinesti of the Dragonlance setting, and the sun elves and moon elves of the Forgotten Realms setting. They also connect the wood elves to the wild elves (grugach) of Greyhawk and the Kagonesti of Dragonlance.
The 5th edition Dungeon Master's Guide (2014) also presented the eladrin (which appeared in 4th edition as a separate but related race) as an elf subrace, using them as an example for creating a new character subrace. The eladrin later appeared as playtest content in "Unearthed Arcana: Eladrin and Gith" (2017); this version was revised and eventually published the following year in Mordenkainen's Tome of Foes (2018).
Fictional characteristics
Spirit vs soul
In early editions of Dungeons & Dragons, elves had spirits instead of souls which impacted some game mechanics such as various resurrection spells. This distinction was dropped in the 3rd Edition. Christian Hoffer of ComicBook.com commented that "while there are lots of theories about the technical reasons (many believe that D&D co-creator Gary Gygax was not a fan of non-human characters, and thus placed the restriction on them when writing up Advanced Dungeons & Dragons,) the only 'official' explanation appears in Deities & Demigods, a D&D supplement released in 1980. [...] The major difference between a soul and a spirit is that souls live one life on the Material Plane and then spend eternity in whatever plane their chosen deity resides, while spirits are eventually reincarnated back into the Material Plane".
Religion
In several campaign settings, elves have their own pantheon often known as the Seldarine; this pantheon usually consists of the leader Corellon Larethian, as well as Aerdrie Faenya, Deep Sashelas, Erevan Ilesere, Fenmarel Mestarine, Hanali Celanil, Labelas Enoreth, Rillifane Rallathil, Sehanine Moonbow, and Solonor Thelandira. Other elven gods may be present in different campaign settings.
Half-elves
Half-elves are the offspring of humans and elves. They look like elves to humans and like humans to elves. Half-Elves have curiosity and ambitions like humans but they have sense for magic and love for nature like their elven parents. Their skin is paler than human skin and they are taller and bigger than elves. Half-Elves have long ears like elves. They live about 180 years.
The half-elf appeared as a player character race in the original Player's Handbook (1978).
Other types of elves
Subraces of elves include Dark Elves and Deep elves.
Drow
Grey Elves
These elves are the most noble of elves, yet also the most arrogant. They are of higher intellectual capabilities than other elves, but, despite the fact that they are taller than high elves, they are physically weaker. They live in isolated mountain strongholds, and rarely allow access to outsiders. They have silver hair and amber eyes, or gold hair and violet eyes, and wear clothes of white, silver, yellow and gold, and usually wear regally colored cloaks.
Shadow Elves
These elves are an isolated race of elves that survived a cataclysm and adapted to live in caves in Mystara. The shadow elves are even paler than normal elves, with white hair and very clear eyes, usually a sparkling blue or gray color. The shadow elves are somewhat smaller and thinner than their surface cousins, standing about five feet tall and weighing about 100 pounds. Their ears are larger than those of wood elves, giving the shadow elves a sort of "walking radar" underground. Shadow elves have high-pitched voices—almost squeaky to human ears.
High Elves
High elves are the original eladrin and the original elves that came Abeir-Toril from the Feywild (dark, sun, moon, green, lythari and star elves), and most commonly encountered by other races, and the most open and friendly of their kind. They travel to other lands more than other elves. They are generally dark-haired and green-eyed, with very pale complexions the color of new cream. They simply do not tan, no matter how much time they spend under Oerth's sun. High elves prefer to wear light pastels, blues and greens and violets, and often dwell in homes built into living wood, high in the trees.
In 4th edition the Eladrin are the High elves.
Painted Elves
This subrace resides in painted deserts and petrified forests, preferring a druidic lifestyle.
Rockseer Elves or Deep Elves
"Rockseer elves are the rarest of all elvenkind. They are far taller than most of their kin, with a few reaching almost to eight feet in height. An average weight for a Rockseer is between 120 and 140 pounds, with little gender difference. Rockseers are very pale skinned, and they have no body hair. Head hair is extraordinarily fine, always worn long, with the appearance and texture of exquisitely fine silk. The hair is silver, and eye color is a pale, almost ice-blue. They are androgynous in appearance, making it difficult for outsiders to tell males and females apart.
"Rockseers have been separated from the rest of elvenkind since mythic times. Their own history tells that they were cowards at the great battle of Corellon Larethian and Lolth, fleeing the combat and taking refuge far below ground. They have no knowledge of surface elves. They know of the Drow and hate them, avoiding them whenever possible. They are extremely seclusive and shun the company of all other races, including the Svirfneblin. The only exception to this are pech, with whom Rockseers sometimes form friendships."
The deep elves are found in 1996's Monstrous Compendium Annual Volume Three, but originated in the Night Below boxed set campaign published in 1995. In a subplot of Night Below, the player characters can reintroduce the exiled Rockseers to the rest of elvenkind and reconcile them with their god, Corellon Larethian.
Campaign settings
Greyhawk
The elves of Greyhawk include the standard aquatic, dark (Drow), grey, high, and wood (sylvan) elves described in the core rule books of various editions of the game.
Additional elven types created for this setting include the snow elves, valley elves, and wild (grugach) elves.
Dragonlance
The depiction of the elves in Dragonlance fiction is strongly influenced by Tolkien's elves. One of the major character types in the setting, they are presented as aloof and isolationist as a group, but also as caretakers of the natural world. Like in other settings, they are split into several peoples, again echoing the splits among Tolkien's elves: Silvanesti and Qualinesti, two races of high elves estranged from each other; the Kagonesti or Wild Elves; and two races of sea elves: the Dimernesti or Shoal Elves, which inhabit the coastal areas and the Dargonesti or Deep Elves.
Forgotten Realms
The various elven subraces are more prominent in the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, and Faerûn boasts several major subraces. They differ physically from typical Dungeons & Dragons elves in that they are as tall as humans (5′9″ on average), or even taller. The exception are the Drow, who are of standard D&D elven height. In Faerûn, surface elves call themselves Tel-Quessir which means "The People" in the elven language. In 4th edition, most of the elven subraces were classified as drow, eladrin, or elves.
The history of the elven race as portrayed in this setting is marked by great empires and a gradual decline and retreat from the mainland Faerûn. The elves first came to Abeir-Toril from the plane of Faerie more than twenty-five millennia ago. The first wave of elves to arrive were the green elves, lythari, and avariel. The second wave included the dark elves, who arrived in the jungles of southern Faerûn, and the sun and moon elves, who arrived in the north. Not long after, the aquatic elves arrived in the Great Sea. After the second wave of elven immigrants arrived, the Time of Dragons ended and the period known as the First Flowering of the Fair Folk began. The elves settled into five major civilizations along the west and south of Faerûn during this period. Along the Sword Coast, the sun elves established Aryvandaar and Shantel Othreier, and the green elves established Illefarn, Miyeritar (along with the dark elves), and Keltormir. To the south, in present-day Vilhon Reach, the green elves also created the nations of Thearnytaar, Eiellûr, and Syòpiir. In the forests that once covered the Shaar, the moon elves established Orishaar, and the dark elves established Ilythiir and Miyeritar (along with the green elves). All of these realms were gradually destroyed as a result of the Crown Wars, which made way for other elven realms.
Their once expansive realms have shrunk back in territory and prestige due to the influence and expansion of the younger races, particularly humans. They remain influential, however; much of the shape of Faerûn is influenced by conflict between the various subraces of the elves.
The elven subraces of Faerûn include the following:
Aquatic Elves or Sea Elves (Alu-Tel'Quessir) Aquatic elves are also known as sea elves. They live beneath the waves of Faerûn and can breathe water as easily as their cousins on land breathe air. They can also breathe air but for a very short period of time.
or Winged Elves (Aril-Tel'Quessir) The avariel are very rare in Faerûn, since they have been hunted nearly to extinction by various dragons. Avariel remain in any number in only one place—the Aerie of the Snow Eagles, a secluded mountain home in the north. Avariel maintain good relationships with aarakocra, and those in the Aerie of the Snow Eagles have recently reestablished contact with their cousins in Evermeet. The avariel make their homes in open areas, and take immense joy in flying. They absolutely abhor and detest being inside, underground, or otherwise restricted from the open sky. The avariel are known for their fierce clerical tradition, as devout worshippers of the Seldarine sky goddess Aerdrie Faenya.
Drow Once known only as dark elves, one of their greatest kingdoms was Illythiir. They were transformed into drow and banished to the Underdark when their matron goddess Lolth broke from the primary elven pantheon. Of all the elves they are the only ones portrayed as inherently evil and hate their cousins with an undying passion. They are smaller than their cousins, both shorter and thinner. In addition, their skin resembles polished obsidian, and their hair is snow-white or silver. Their eyes are almost inevitably red, gleaming with the hatred for their surface dwelling cousins. In 4th edition, the drow are a separate race rather than an elf subrace.
Dark Elves (Ssri-Tel'Quessir) Recently returned into the fold of the true elven race. These former Drow now live on the surface in the city of hope. They have brown skin and black hair and have been cleansed of all drow traits. They are protected once again by Corellon Larethian.
Lythari (Ly-Tel'Quessir) The lythari are a subrace of elves who can transform into wolves. Unlike most werewolves, they can transform at will and keep their minds while in wolf form. Because the lythari have changed so far from their elven roots, most Faerûnian scholars now consider them a separate race from elves. Lythari are devoted to Selune and their Ancestor Endymion, Father of the race and follower of Selune.
Moon Elves or Silver Elves (Teu-Tel'Quessir) The moon elves are the most common of all the elves in Faerûn and are also known as silver elves. They typically have fair skin and hair that runs in hues from silver-white to black or blue. While human style hair colors are rare, eye color can be remarkably similar, with colors ranging from blue to green. The majority of the half-elves in Faerûn come from parings between humans and moon elves. In 4th edition, moon elves are eladrin.
Star Elves or Mithral Elves (Ruar-Tel'Quessir) This subrace left the forests of Yuirwood for an extraplanar realm known as Sildëyuir. They have recently considered returning due to increasing threats by the alien nilshai.
Sun Elves or Gold Elves (Ar-Tel'Quessir) Sun elves are primarily found upon the island of Evermeet and because of this, they are less common across the rest of Faerûn. With bronze colored skin; gold, black, or green eyes; and gold, blond, black, or (rarely) red hair, they are also called gold elves. Sun elves are less physically fit, but more intellectually advanced, than their counterparts. Sun elves are the primary practitioners of elven High Magic, and are among the greatest magic-users of Toril, both arcane and divine. In 4th edition, sun elves are eladrin.
Wild Elves or Green Elves (Sy-Tel'Quessir) The most reclusive of all the elves, the wild elves pride themselves on their isolation and skill at keeping hidden. Their skin tends to be brown and they have similar colored hair which lightens with age. In 4th edition, wild elves are simply called elves, distinguishing them from the eladrin.
Wood Elves, Copper Elves, or Sylvan Elves (Or-Tel'Quessir) Wood elves are a reclusive subrace, preferring to live in such areas as the High Forest. They place more emphasis on strength than learning. Wood elves are considered by other elven subraces (particularly the austere sun elves) to be boisterous and hedonistic. They have a zest for life and pleasure. According to Races of Faerûn (which was published in March 2003 and only mentions aquatic elves, avariel, drow, lythari, moon elves, sun elves, wood elves, and wild elves), wood elves are the only elven subrace that is native to Toril. They slowly formed for centuries from some of the other elven subraces after the last Crown War. They see their realms as the natural successors to past nations such as Eaerlann and Cormanthyr. In 4th edition, wood elves are simply called elves, distinguishing them from the eladrin.
Vil Adanrath Lythari that have been separated and live in the Endless Wastes.
Eberron
Once the slaves of the giants of Xen'drik, the elves of Eberron are said to have immigrated over time to the continents of Aerenal and Khorvaire, establishing nations and distinct cultures on both. Most notable are the elves of Aerenal, whose culture revolves around the veneration of the Undying Court.
Dark Sun
In the post-apocalyptic setting of Athas, elves are nomadic desert runners rather than the more common image of forest-dwellers.
Athasian elves are portrayed as hostile nomads, marked by savage dispositions and a deep distrust of outsiders. An Athasian elf stands 6½–7½ feet tall. They are slender, lean, and generally in terrific physical condition. Their features are deeply etched into their weather-toughened faces, and their skin is made rough by the windblown sands and baking sun of the wilderness. The dunes and steppes of Athas are home to thousands of tribes of nomadic elves. While each tribe is very different culturally, the elves within them remain a race of long-limbed sprinters given to theft, raiding, and warfare.
The 2nd edition product Mind Lords of the Last Sea introduced a new offshoot of Dark Sun elf. The people of Saragar call them "ghost elves" for their fair complexions, light blonde hair and pale blue eyes. Ghost elves are elitist and xenophobic, and live almost exclusively in the city of Sylvandretta. To maintain a pure bloodline, they have inbred for millennia, resulting in their lighter appearance and halving their lifespan compared to other Athasian elves.
Spelljammer
The elves are the largest political and military presence in space; at the time of the original Spelljammer: AD&D Adventures in Space boxed set, the elves had just completed a remarkably successful extermination of interstellar orcs and goblins throughout the known universe. 5th Edition introduced Astral Elves who are now native to the Astral Sea.
Reception
Classics scholar C. W. Marshall positively remarked on the "wide diversity of genetically unique groups" of elves found in the game, "which can energize fans".
References
Further reading
Baker, Keith. Eberron Campaign Setting. Wizards of the Coast, 2004. .
Cordell, Bruce, Jennifer Clarke-Wilkes, and JD Wiker. Sandstorm (Wizards of the Coast, 2005).
Perry, Chris. "The Seldarine Revisited", Dragon Magazine #236, pages 13–17.
Reynolds, Sean K, et al. Races of Faerûn. Wizards of the Coast, 2003. .
Sargent, Carl. Night Below: An Underdark Campaign (TSR, 1995).
Turley, Kieran. "Ghost Elves: Elves of the Ethereal", Dragon #313 (Paizo Publishing), 2003.
Dungeons & Dragons creatures from folklore and mythology
Dungeons & Dragons humanoids
Dungeons & Dragons monsters
Fictional elves | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elf%20%28Dungeons%20%26%20Dragons%29 |
The 1975 Pan American Games were held in Mexico City, Mexico, from October 12 to October 26, 1975, exactly twenty years after the second Pan American Games were held there. It was the third major sporting event held in the Mexican capital in seven years, after the 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1970 FIFA World Cup.
Host city election
Two cities submitted bids to host the 1975 Pan American Games that were recognized by the Pan American Sports Organization. On August 29, 1969, Santiago was selected unanimously over San Juan to host the VII Pan American Games by PASO at its 10th general assembly, held in Cali, Colombia.
In 1973, Santiago dropped out from hosting, and in 1974, its replacement São Paulo did the same. Mexico City was granted the hosting rights with just 10 months to prepare.
Medal count
To sort this table by nation, total medal count, or any other column, click on the icon next to the column title.
Note
The medal counts for the United States, Cuba and Canada are disputed.
Sports
References
External links
Mexico City 1975 - VII Pan American Games - Official Report at PanamSports.org
P
P
Multi-sport events in Mexico
Pan American Games
Pan American Games
Sports competitions in Mexico City
1970s in Mexico City
October 1975 sports events in North America
October 1975 events in Mexico | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975%20Pan%20American%20Games |
SLVR or Slvr may refer to:
Viru Viru International Airport (ICAO code SLVR), Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
Motorola Slvr phone | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLVR |
Mister M (Absolon Zebardyn Mercator) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was created by David Hine and David Yardin, and debuted in District X #2. Mister M wears a black suit and hat, and has the ability to manipulate molecules.
Fictional character biography
Early life
Not much is known about the enigmatic man called Mr. M. He grew up in a small village near Ghent, Belgium. After his powers manifested, he left for the United States, and after much wandering, settled in Mutant Town. Once there, he mostly stayed to himself, only leaving his apartment at night to get drunk.
Mutant Town
After seeing a painting (by an artist who painted his premonitions) of himself as a destroyer, Mr. M made up his mind that the only way he could help Mutant Town was by destroying all of the sickness and corruption. He decided to go through with it (although Bishop and Ishmael tried to stop him) leveling the city with huge displays of energy manipulation. When he had finished, his friend and neighbor Hanna Levy asked him if he would want to take it back. He agreed that if he could he would, and then Lara the Illusionist dropped her show to reveal that the destruction had been an illusion, as Ishmael had recruited her last minute to avert the disaster and Bishop had absorbed all of the energy output.
Mr. M also did good things with his powers: He regularly fixed people's electronics, and once saved Officer Ismael Ortega's daughter by removing a bullet from her body and sealing the wound.
Mr. M had made several enemies in his lifetime, and one of the dangling plotlines of the series involved a hit put out on his life. The individual actually came very close to succeeding, shooting him three times in the head at point-blank range, however his mutant abilities saved him.
Decimation/The 198
After the events of M-Day, Mr. M was one of the few individuals unaffected. He visited his hospitalized friend Hanna, who was growing insane due to all of the bugs that had begun to attack her when she lost her mutant power, and helped to heal her mind. At her suggestion, he decides to head to the Xavier Institute on foot.
When he arrives at the encampment around the Institute, he passes through the walls surrounding the school, and the Sentinels attack him. He effortlessly brushes them off, explaining that the giant robot almost stepped on a very rare caterpillar. Cyclops suggests he "must really love caterpillars" and Mister M replies "Not really... I like butterflies". Other displays of his power in the 198 camp were: creating a small pterodactyl and evolving it into butterflies, restoring the hair of Lorelei Travis that had been cut off by angry Purity members, and creating force fields to stop the fighting between Fever Pitch, Sack, Erg and the Sentinels. The members of the X-Men are very leery about the intentions of Mr. M and the concern over his god-like abilities. It is suggested by an agent of O.N.E. that he is an Omega-level mutant. He then begins a relationship with Lorelei. When the true purpose of the "tracking" chips is revealed, he removes them from all the mutants that were implanted, then declares that he is leaving for a new sanctuary and that any are welcome to follow. The face in Johnny Dee's chest declares him a threat that must be eliminated. Mr. M leads his followers to an island which they reach by walking across the water, when the X-Men show up to try and talk them into returning, Cyclops is attacked by a mind controlled Erg, and when he retaliates, Mr. M declares he shall protect his followers.
"Death"
Johnny Dee uses his "voodoo dolls" to make Leech take away Mr. M's powers and then uses Magma to annihilate Mr. M. That night, as Lorelei and Leech watch over Mr. M's coffin, they fall asleep. The pair wake to an empty casket. The story cuts to Lorelei and Leech, surrounded by butterflies, telling the 198 about their experience: "I can't tell you what we saw. I don't have the words. [Mr. M] never appeared to anyone else, but he did not want them to grieve for him, so he sent them a message. 'Some things do not die... THEY EVOLVE!'"
Mercator
When the nation of Krakoa was established, omega-level mutants became one of its cornerstones. Most of them joined Krakoa, but Absolon was one of a few exceptions. The Krakoans finally learned of Absolon's whereabouts during the X of Swords tournament held in Otherworld.
After seizing control of Avalon, Apocalypse had invited Absolon to seize a part of the territory and to shape it as he would. Apocalypse gave him the Siege Perilous to guard, and told Absolon to keep his new realm closed off to mutantkind until the day they needed the Siege arrived. Absolon turned the territory into Mercator, a province named after himself.
Later on, Abigail Brand considered Absolon as a potential replacement for Fabian Cortez's role in The Six, but eventually chose Arakki mutant, Korra the Burning Heart instead.
During Hellfire Gala, Magneto gathered several omega level mutants in order to terraform Mars. Magneto visited Absolon to ask him to join and help with the process, but Absolon refused to participate.
Eventually a team of mutants led by Captain Britain made it to Mercator fulfilling Apocalypse's prophesy, unfortunately they were followed by the mutant-hating King Arthur, Mercator greeted Arthur personally and informed him that he'd be tested by the land itself, which was unfortunate for him because he was a horrible person, before pushing him into quicksand.
Powers and abilities
Similar to Owen Reece, Mister M has complete control over the atomic structure of molecules. He can transmute all matter and energy on a subatomic level. Thus far, his powers have been described as virtually omnipotent.
References
External links
Mister M at Marvel.com
Comics characters introduced in 2004
Marvel Comics characters who have mental powers
Marvel Comics characters with accelerated healing
Marvel Comics characters with immortality
Marvel Comics characters with superhuman strength
Marvel Comics telekinetics
Marvel Comics telepaths
Marvel Comics mutants
Fictional characters who can manipulate reality
Fictional characters who can turn intangible
Fictional characters with anti-magic or power negation abilities
Fictional characters with elemental transmutation abilities
Fictional characters with energy-manipulation abilities
Fictional characters with healing abilities | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mister%20M%20%28character%29 |
Eleazar ben Simon () was a Zealot leader during the First Jewish-Roman War who fought against the armies of Cestius Gallus, Vespasian, and Titus Flavius. From the onset of the war in 66 CE until the destruction of the temple in 70 CE, he fought vehemently against the Roman garrisons in Judea and against his fellow Jewish political opponents in order to establish an independent Jewish state at Jerusalem. Although the Jewish defeat at Jerusalem cannot be entirely attributed to Eleazar ben Simon, his inability to establish unity with John of Gischala and Simon bar Giora resulted in a bitter civil war that weakened the Jewish resistance against Rome. Eleazar ben Simon and his Zealots' radical anti-Roman policies and eradication of the moderate temple aristocracy from Jerusalem in 67 CE also prevented any peaceful agreement with Rome to avoid the death and destruction which ensued in 70 CE.
Disambiguation
Despite the common misconception, Eleazar ben Simon the Zealot is not the same person as Eleazar ben Ya'ir, the Sicarii leader at Masada. In Josephus' Bellum Judaicum, the primary source of the First Jewish-Roman War, important historical figures are introduced with their patrimonial name when they first appear, and addressed by first name in all following appearances. Since an "Eleazar, son of Simon" and an "Eleasar, son of Ya'ir" are introduced separately with their patrimonial name, Josephus intends to distinguish the two leaders as separate persons.
Early life
Historical evidence of Eleazar arises in 66 CE, when he participated in crushing Cestius Gallus' Legio XII Fulminata at Beit-Horon. Yet prior to this encounter, little is known about his early life and rise to power. It can be inferred, however, from the geopolitical scene of Roman Judaea in the first century CE. that he grew up in Galilee, the center of Zealotry. Zealots were shunned by the High Priesthood in Jerusalem prior to the revolt. This disunity with other sects of Judaism confined Zealotry to its birthplace in Galilee. Yet when the revolt broke out in 66 CE, the Galilean zealots fled the Roman massacres and sought refuge in the last major Jewish stronghold: Jerusalem. Since Eleazar was placed in command of a large army of Jews in the battle against Cestius' Legio, he had already risen to a position of power in the priesthood prior to his military success.
Mature life
Eleazar ben Simon's radical anti-Roman ideology derived from a lifetime of oppression under Roman rule. Since 63 BCE, Roman garrisons stationed throughout Judaea had exploited Jews with punitive taxation, exceeding the quota set by the Roman Empire and keeping the surplus revenues for themselves . The Roman procurators also subjugated the Jewish High Priesthood, appointing pro-Roman Jews to positions of authority, and desecrated sacred Jewish practices with sacrilegious pagan rituals. In 39 CE, the Roman Emperor Caligula declared himself divine and ordered his troops in Jerusalem to place his name on the Temple . When the Jews refused, he threatened to destroy the temple but his sudden timely demise saved Jerusalem from a premature siege. Yet Caligula's threat caused many of the moderate Jews to shift towards radical anti-Roman political views. As the Roman burden became more onerous, Jewish priests alienated by the pro-Roman high priesthood joined in the effort to attain political and religious liberty by any means possible, thus forming the Zealots. Founded by Judas of Galilee, the Zealots kindled anti-Roman sentiment throughout Galilee and Judea.
In 66 CE, the Zealots instigated the First Jewish–Roman War when the high priest Eleazar b. Ananius refused to give sacrifice to the Roman Emperor and slaughtered Florus' Roman garrison in Jerusalem. In response, Nero ordered Cestius Gallus, the Roman legate of Syria, to crush the rebellion. With his Legio XII Fulminata of 5,000 men, Cestius Gallus was ambushed and defeated at Beit-Horon in 66 CE by 2,400 Zealots led by Eleazar ben Simon. Eleazar took the legion's equipment and movable wealth, returning to Jerusalem with substantial loot. He used the wealth acquired in this decisive victory as political leverage during the battle for power in Jerusalem in 67-69 CE.
Following his victory against Cestius' forces, Eleazar was deposed from power in Jerusalem by the High Priest Ananus ben Ananus. Although he had proven his devotion and leadership at Beit-Horon, Eleazar ben Simon was given no office "because of his tyrannical temperament" (B.J 2.564). Contrary to the radical anti-Roman agenda of the Zealots, Ananus and the other moderate leaders of Jerusalem wished to stabilize the conflict and reach equilibrium with Rome. They feared that appointing a Zealot to power would provoke Rome to attack and would diminish their own power. Despite his rejection from power, Eleazar remained in Jerusalem promoting the Zealot cause from his headquarters at the Temple. During the summer of 67, Eleazar ben Simon and his Zealots attempted to dismantle the moderate government of Ananus by imprisoning officials who remained from the procurator period before the revolt and spreading the fear that the moderate Temple aristocracy would undermine the Jewish nationalist cause. As the Roman general Vespasian's armies terrorized the countryside of Judea and Galilee, thousands of Jewish refugees joined Eleazar's ranks. With growing support, Eleazar successfully appointed a puppet High Priest in Jerusalem to usurp power from Ananus and seized control of the Temple.
The Zealot control of Jerusalem was confined to the inner court of the city and the Temple itself. Outnumbered and isolated by Ananus' troops surrounding the Temple, Eleazar control of the Temple was seriously threatened from the winter of 67 to the spring of 68. However, in 68 CE, John of Gischala, the hero who escaped Roman conquest in Galilee, joined forces with Eleazar ben Simon at Jerusalem and undermined the moderates' power. This alliance was rooted in their mutual dependence upon each other. John desperately needed Eleazar's funds to supply his followers, and Eleazar required the protection of John's large entourage to fend off Ananus.
Yet only until later that year did Eleazar and John seize control of the entire city. In the summer of 68, the Idumeans from the south imposed their support for the Zealots by helping John and Eleazar eradicate Ananus and the moderates from Jerusalem. Due their fear that Ananus would betray the nationalist cause and surrender to the Romans in order to solidify his position of power, the Idumeans invested their support in Eleazar and John's coalition in hopes of establishing a more radical government to counter the inevitable Roman attack. From 68 CE to 69 CE this alliance between Eleazar and his Zealots, John of Gischala, and the Idumeans ruled Jerusalem with unstable leadership. With complete control over the city, Eleazar and John exploited their power and slaughtered the remnants of Ananus' moderate party in Jerusalem in a misguided attempt to unite the city. During this period, John had distanced himself from Eleazar and the Zealots in order to avoid association with their tyrannical behavior and claim sole leadership.
As a result of this despotic leadership and their insufficient representation in the government, many Idumeans defected to a violent extremist group outside the city walls known as the Sicarii, led by Simon b. Gioras. By 69 CE, with the support of most Idumeans, Simon captured Jerusalem and reduced Eleazar and John to a powerless state confinement in the Temple and inner court. Simon ben Gioras' control of Jerusalem rendered Eleazar and John's alliance useless and the Zealots split from John and barricaded themselves in the Temple. Just as Ananus' forces had surrounded him, in 69 CE. Eleazar found himself in a similar situation of helplessness. This year was marked by bitter civil war between the three factions under Simon, John, and Eleazar. According to Tacitus, "there were three generals and three armies, and between these three there was constant fighting, treachery, and arson" (Histories 5.12.3). Although Titus Flavius, the son of Emperor Vespasian, and his army were nearing Jerusalem, Eleazar and the other two leaders did not unite to prepare for the attack and were severely weakened by 70 CE. For example, some of the Zealots under Eleazar burned large stockpiles of food that would have lasted the Jews several years in order to "remove the security blanket" and force everyone to fight (Goodman 195).
Death
It is unknown how Eleazar ben Simon died. Days prior to the siege of Jerusalem, Eleazar ben Simon was betrayed by John of Gischala. According to Josephus, John sent a party to the Zealot stronghold in the Temple to offer a sacrifice before the coming festival of Passover. Yet when Eleazar and his Zealots opened the gates to permit entry, John's forces slaughtered the inhabitants of the temple while the Zealots tried to flee. Nothing is known of Eleazar's fate after this betrayal, except for the fact that Josephus mentioned him as still commanding the Zealots when they rejoined John in his fight against Simon bar Giora.
Bibliography
Applebaum, Shimon. "The Zealots: the Case for Revaluation". The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 61, (1971), pp. 155–170. Society for Promotion of Roman studies. Retrieved on 7 December 2008.
Finklestein, Louis, William Horbury, William David Davies, and John Sturdy. "Titus' Siege of Jerusalem". The Cambridge History of Judaism. pp. 543–544. Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Goodman, Martin. The Ruling Class of Judaea: The Origins of the Jewish Revolt Against Rome, A.D. 66–70. Cambridge University Press, 1993.
Ilan, Tal and Jonathan L. Price. "Seven Onomastic Problems in Josephus' 'Bellum Judaicum'". The Jewish Quarterly Review, New Series, Vol. 84, No. 2/3 (Oct., 1993 – Jan., 1994), pp. 189–208. JSTOR. University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved on 7 December 2008.
Josephus, Flavius. The Wars of the Jews. Translated by William Whiston. J.M. Dent and Sons, 1989.
Sicker, Martin. Between Rome and Jerusalem: 300 Years of Roman-Judean Relations. Greenwood, 2001.
Tacitus. The Histories. Translated by George Ramsay. J Murray, 1915.
Telushkin, Joseph. "The Great Revolt". Jewish Literacy. NY: William Morrow and Co., 1991. Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved on 7 December 2008.
References
Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire
1st-century births
70 deaths
Jewish rebels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleazar%20ben%20Simon |
Evgenia Radanova (; born 4 November 1977) is a Bulgarian female short track speed skater and racing cyclist who has participated in both the Summer and Winter Olympics. She was the world record holder in the 500 m short track distance with 43.671s, which she set in Calgary, Canada on 19 October 2001. In the Salt Lake City 2002 Winter Olympic games she won a silver medal at the same distance and a bronze at 1500m. In Athens 2004 Summer games she took part in cycling, but did not get a medal. In the 2010 Vancouver Olympics in the women's 500 m she ended up 7th.
Radanova currently trains in Italy, although most of her career she spent with Slavia Sofia Sports Club and the National Sports Academy in Sofia, Bulgaria. In the Academy she studied coaching. She weighs 65 kg and is 170 cm tall. Radanova has been severely injured at least twice, but has overcome the injuries to come back. In August 2014, Radanova was appointed as Bulgarian Minister of Youth and Sports on a temporary basis as part of the caretaker government of Georgi Bliznashki.
References
External links
Speed skater Evgenia Radanova ready to raise new generation
1977 births
Living people
Bulgarian female short track speed skaters
Bulgarian female cyclists
Olympic cyclists for Bulgaria
Cyclists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic short track speed skaters for Bulgaria
Short track speed skaters at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Short track speed skaters at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Short track speed skaters at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Short track speed skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Short track speed skaters at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Olympic medalists in short track speed skating
Olympic silver medalists for Bulgaria
Olympic bronze medalists for Bulgaria
Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Sofia
Bulgarian female speed skaters
Universiade medalists in short track speed skating
World Short Track Speed Skating Championships medalists
FISU World University Games gold medalists for Bulgaria
Competitors at the 1997 Winter Universiade
Competitors at the 1999 Winter Universiade
Competitors at the 2001 Winter Universiade | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evgenia%20Radanova |
Nesmith is an unincorporated community in Williamsburg County, South Carolina, United States. It was a station on the Seaboard Air Line Railroad (now CSX Transportation) line which was built about 1912. Today it consists of a post office, fire station, and a country store, serving a large rural area which depends on agriculture and logging. Black Mingo Creek flows alongside the hamlet.
The community was named after the Nesmith family. The Gamble House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.
References
Unincorporated communities in Williamsburg County, South Carolina
Unincorporated communities in South Carolina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nesmith%2C%20South%20Carolina |
PCGS may refer to:
Parallel communicating grammar systems, grammar systems working on their own string and communicating with other grammars in a system by sending their sequential forms on request.
Preconditioned conjugate gradient square method, a variant of the preconditioned conjugate gradient method – an algorithm for the numerical solution of systems of linear equations whose matrix is symmetric and positive-definite.
Professional Coin Grading Service, an authentication and grading service for rare coins started by seven coin dealers in 1985 to standardize coin grading. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCGS |
The Halifax Three (or the Halifax III), originally the Colonials, was a folk music band in Canada in the 1960s. The band performed in Toronto and Montreal before becoming part of the New York folk scene and recording an album.
History
Denny Doherty, Pat LaCroix and Richard Byrne formed the Colonials in 1960 in Halifax NS where they hosted a CBC TV program. After performing in Toronto and Montreal, the band changed its name to The Halifax Three in 1963, and, with the addition of Toronto born Zal Yanovsky, toured with the Journeymen and played Carnegie Hall in New York City. The band signed with Epic Records and released two albums.
The band broke up in 1965. Doherty and Yanovsky formed the Mugwumps with Cass Elliot and Jim Hendricks. When that band ended, Yanovsky, with John Sebastian formed the Lovin' Spoonful while Doherty joined the Journeymen's John Phillips and his wife Michelle, to, later, along with Cass Elliot, form the Mamas & the Papas.
LaCroix became a Toronto photographer and jazz vocalist. Byrne returned to Halifax where he formed the short-lived New Halifax III with Scott McCulloch and Michael Stanbury from CBC-TV's Singalong Jubilee.
In 2001 music from the Halifax Three was included in the retro compilation album The Magic Circle.
Discography
Singles
1963: Bull Train / Come On By (Epic Records)
1963: The Man Who Wouldn't Sing Along With Mitch / Come Down the Mountain Katie Daly (Epic Records)
1963: San Francisco Bay / All the Good Times (Epic Records)
Albums
1963: The Halifax Three
1963: San Francisco Bay Blues
2002: Complete Halifax Three compilation of both albums and the single All the Good Times
References
External links
Canadian folk music groups | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Halifax%20Three |
In numerical analysis, Stone's method, also known as the strongly implicit procedure or SIP, is an algorithm for solving a sparse linear system of equations. The method uses an incomplete LU decomposition, which approximates the exact LU decomposition, to get an iterative solution of the problem. The method is named after Harold S. Stone, who proposed it in 1968.
The LU decomposition is an excellent general-purpose linear equation solver. The biggest disadvantage is that it fails to take advantage of coefficient matrix to be a sparse matrix. The LU decomposition of a sparse matrix is usually not sparse, thus, for a large system of equations, LU decomposition may require a prohibitive amount of memory and number of arithmetical operations.
In the preconditioned iterative methods, if the preconditioner matrix M is a good approximation of coefficient matrix A then the convergence is faster. This brings one to idea of using approximate factorization LU of A as the iteration matrix M.
A version of incomplete lower-upper decomposition method was proposed by Stone in 1968. This method is designed for equation system arising from discretisation of partial differential equations and was firstly used for a pentadiagonal system of equations obtained while solving an elliptic partial differential equation in a two-dimensional space by a finite difference method. The LU approximate decomposition was looked in the same pentadiagonal form as the original matrix (three diagonals for L and three diagonals for U) as the best match of the seven possible equations for the five unknowns for each row of the matrix.
Algorithm
method stone is
For the linear system
calculate incomplete factorization of matrix
set a guess
while ( ) do
evaluate new right hand side
solve by forward substitution
solve by back substitution
end while
Footnotes
References
- the original article
Numerical linear algebra
Articles with example pseudocode | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone%27s%20method |
During World War I, the German Empire was one of the Central Powers. It began participation in the conflict after the declaration of war against Serbia by its ally, Austria-Hungary. German forces fought the Allies on both the eastern and western fronts, although German territory itself remained relatively safe from widespread invasion for most of the war, except for a brief period in 1914 when East Prussia was invaded. A tight blockade imposed by the Royal Navy caused severe food shortages in the cities, especially in the winter of 1916–17, known as the Turnip Winter. At the end of the war, Germany's defeat and widespread popular discontent triggered the German Revolution of 1918–1919 which overthrew the monarchy and established the Weimar Republic.
Overview
The German population responded to the outbreak of war in 1914 with a complex mix of emotions, in a similar way to the populations in other countries of Europe; notions of overt enthusiasm known as the Spirit of 1914 have been challenged by more recent scholarship. The German government, dominated by the Junkers, saw the war as a way to end being surrounded by hostile powers France, Russia and Britain. The war was presented inside Germany as the chance for the nation to secure "our place under the sun," as the Foreign Minister Bernhard von Bülow had put it, which was readily supported by prevalent nationalism among the public. The German establishment hoped the war would unite the public behind the monarchy, and lessen the threat posed by the dramatic growth of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, which had been the most vocal critic of the Kaiser in the Reichstag before the war. Despite its membership in the Second International, the Social Democratic Party of Germany ended its differences with the Imperial government and abandoned its principles of internationalism to support the war effort. The German state spent 170 billion Marks during the war. The money was raised by borrowing from banks and from public bond drives. Symbolic purchasing of nails which were driving into public wooden crosses spurred the aristocracy and middle class to buy bonds. These bonds became worthless with the 1923 hyperinflation.
It soon became apparent that Germany was not prepared for a war lasting more than a few months. At first, little was done to regulate the economy for a wartime footing, and the German war economy would remain badly organized throughout the war. Germany depended on imports of food and raw materials, which were stopped by the British blockade of Germany. First food prices were limited, then rationing was introduced. In 1915 five million pigs were massacred in the so-called Schweinemord, both to produce food and to preserve grain. The winter of 1916/17 was called the "turnip winter" because the potato harvest was poor and people ate animal food, including vile-tasting turnips. From August 1914 to mid-1919, the excess deaths compared to peacetime caused by malnutrition and high rates of exhaustion and disease and despair came to about 474,000 civilians.
Government
According to biographer Konrad H. Jarausch, a primary concern for Bethmann Hollweg in July 1914 was the steady growth of Russian power, and the growing closeness of the British and French military collaboration. Under these circumstances he decided to run what he considered a calculated risk to back Vienna in a local small-scale war against Serbia, while risking a major war with Russia. He calculated that France would not support Russia. It failed when Russia decided on general mobilization, and his own Army demanded the opportunity to use the Schlieffen Plan for quick victory against a poorly prepared France. By rushing through Belgium, Germany expanded the war to include England. Bethmann thus failed to keep France and Britain out of the conflict.
The crisis came to a head on 5 July 1914 when the Count Hoyos Mission arrived in Berlin in response to Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister Leopold Berchtold's plea for friendship. Bethmann Hollweg was assured that Britain would not intervene in the frantic diplomatic rounds across the European powers. However, reliance on that assumption encouraged Austria to demand Serbian concessions. His main concern was Russian border manoeuvres, conveyed by his ambassadors at a time when Raymond Poincaré himself was preparing a secret mission to St Petersburg. He wrote to Count Sergey Sazonov, "Russian mobilisation measures would compel us to mobilise and that then European war could scarcely be prevented."
Following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914, Bethmann Hollweg and his foreign minister, Gottlieb von Jagow, were instrumental in assuring Austria-Hungary of Germany's unconditional support, regardless of Austria's actions against Serbia. While Grey was suggesting a mediation between Austria-Hungary and Serbia, Bethmann Hollweg wanted Austria-Hungary to attack Serbia and so he tampered with the British message and deleted the last line of the letter: "Also, the whole world here is convinced, and I hear from my colleagues that the key to the situation lies in Berlin, and that if Berlin seriously wants peace, it will prevent Vienna from following a foolhardy policy.
When the Austro-Hungarian ultimatum was presented to Serbia, Kaiser Wilhelm II ended his vacation and hurried back to Berlin.
Bethmann Hollweg, much of whose foreign policy before the war had been guided by his desire to establish good relations with Britain, was particularly upset by Britain's declaration of war following the German violation of Belgium's neutrality during its invasion of France. He reportedly asked the departing British Ambassador Edward Goschen how Britain could go to war over a "scrap of paper" ("ein Fetzen Papier), which was the 1839 Treaty of London guaranteeing Belgium's neutrality.
Bethmann Hollweg sought public approval from a declaration of war. His civilian colleagues pleaded for him to register some febrile protest, but he was frequently outflanked by the military leaders, who played an increasingly important role in the direction of all German policy. However, according to historian Fritz Fischer, writing in the 1960s, Bethmann Hollweg made more concessions to the nationalist right than had previously been thought. He supported the ethnic cleansing of Poles from the Polish Border Strip as well as Germanisation of Polish territories by settlement of German colonists.
A few weeks after the war began Bethmann presented the Septemberprogramm, which was a survey of ideas from the elite should Germany win the war. Bethmann Hollweg, with all credibility and power now lost, conspired over Falkenhayn's head with Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff (respectively commander-in-chief and chief of staff for the Eastern Front) for an Eastern Offensive. They then succeeded, in August 1916 in securing Falkenhayn's replacement by Hindenburg as Chief of the General Staff, with Ludendorff as First Quartermaster-General (Hindenburg's deputy). Thereafter, Bethmann Hollweg's hopes for US President Woodrow Wilson's mediation at the end of 1916 came to nothing. Over Bethmann Hollweg's objections, Hindenburg and Ludendorff forced the adoption of unrestricted submarine warfare in March 1917, adopted as a result of Henning von Holtzendorff's memorandum. Bethmann Hollweg had been a reluctant participant and opposed it in cabinet. The US entered the war in April 1917.
According to Wolfgang J. Mommsen, Bethmann Hollweg weakened his own position by failing to establish good control over public relations. To avoid highly intensive negative publicity, he conducted much of his diplomacy and secret, thereby failed to build strong support for it. In 1914 he was willing to risk a world war to win public support.
Bethmann Hollweg remained in office until July 1917, when a Reichstag revolt resulted in the passage of Matthias Erzberger's Peace Resolution by an alliance of the Social Democratic, Progressive, and Centre parties. That same July the strong opposition to him from high-level military leaders – including Hindenburg and Ludendorff who both threatened to resign – was exacerbated when Bethmann Hollweg convinced the Emperor to agree publicly to the introduction of equal manhood suffrage in Prussian state elections. The combination of political and military opposition forced Bethmann Hollweg's resignation and replacement by a relatively unknown figure, Georg Michaelis.
1914–15
The German army opened the war on the Western Front with a modified version of the Schlieffen Plan, designed to quickly attack France through neutral Belgium before turning southwards to encircle the French army on the German border. The Belgians fought back, and sabotaged their rail system to delay the Germans. The Germans did not expect this and were delayed, and responded with systematic reprisals on civilians, killing nearly 6,000 Belgian noncombatants, including women and children, and burning 25,000 houses and buildings. The plan called for the right flank of the German advance to converge on Paris and initially, the Germans were very successful, particularly in the Battle of the Frontiers (14–24 August). By 12 September, the French with assistance from the British forces halted the German advance east of Paris at the First Battle of the Marne (5–12 September). The last days of this battle signified the end of mobile warfare in the west. The French offensive into Germany launched on 7 August with the Battle of Mulhouse had limited success.
In the east, only one Field Army defended East Prussia and when Russia attacked in this region it diverted German forces intended for the Western Front. Germany defeated Russia in a series of battles collectively known as the First Battle of Tannenberg (17 August – 2 September), but this diversion exacerbated problems of insufficient speed of advance from rail-heads not foreseen by the German General Staff. The Central Powers were thereby denied a quick victory and forced to fight a war on two fronts. The German army had fought its way into a good defensive position inside France and had permanently incapacitated 230,000 more French and British troops than it had lost itself. Despite this, communications problems and questionable command decisions cost Germany the chance of obtaining an early victory.
1916
1916 was characterized by two great battles on the Western front, at Verdun and the Somme. They each lasted most of the year, achieved minimal gains, and drained away the best soldiers of both sides. Verdun became the iconic symbol of the murderous power of modern defensive weapons, with 280,000 German casualties, and 315,000 French. At the Somme, there were over 400,000 German casualties, against over 600,000 Allied casualties. At Verdun, the Germans attacked what they considered to be a weak French salient which nevertheless the French would defend for reasons of national pride. The Somme was part of a multinational plan of the Allies to attack on different fronts simultaneously. German woes were also compounded by Russia's grand "Brusilov offensive", which diverted more soldiers and resources. Although the Eastern front was held to a standoff and Germany suffered fewer casualties than their allies with ~150,000 of the ~770,000 Central powers casualties, the simultaneous Verdun offensive stretched the German forces committed to the Somme offensive. German experts are divided in their interpretation of the Somme. Some say it was a standoff, but most see it as a British victory and argue it marked the point at which German morale began a permanent decline and the strategic initiative was lost, along with irreplaceable veterans and confidence.
1917
In early 1917 the SPD leadership became concerned about the activity of its anti-war left-wing which had been organising as the Sozialdemokratische Arbeitsgemeinschaft (SAG, "Social Democratic Working Group"). On 17 January they expelled them, and in April 1917 the left-wing went on to form the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (). The remaining faction was then known as the Majority Social Democratic Party of Germany. This happened as the enthusiasm for war faded with the enormous numbers of casualties, the dwindling supply of manpower, the mounting difficulties on the homefront, and the never-ending flow of casualty reports. A grimmer and grimmer attitude began to prevail amongst the general population. The only highlight was the first use of mustard gas in warfare, in the Battle of Ypres.
After, morale was helped by victories against Serbia, Greece, Italy, and Russia which made great gains for the Central Powers. Morale was at its greatest since 1914 at the end of 1917 and beginning of 1918 with the defeat of Russia following her rise into revolution, and the German people braced for what General Erich Ludendorff said would be the "Peace Offensive" in the west.
1918
In spring 1918, Germany realized that time was running out. It prepared for the decisive strike with new armies and new tactics, hoping to win the war on the Western front before millions of American soldiers appeared in battle. General Erich Ludendorff and Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg had full control of the army, they had a large supply of reinforcements moved from the Eastern front, and they trained storm troopers with new tactics to race through the trenches and attack the enemy's command and communications centers. The new tactics would indeed restore mobility to the Western front, but the German army was too optimistic.
During the winter of 1917-18 it was "quiet" on the Western Front—British casualties averaged "only" 3,000 a week. Serious attacks were impossible in the winter because of the deep caramel-thick mud. Quietly the Germans brought in their best soldiers from the eastern front, selected elite storm troops, and trained them all winter in the new tactics. With stopwatch timing, the German artillery would lay down a sudden, fearsome barrage just ahead of its advancing infantry. Moving in small units, firing light machine guns, the stormtroopers would bypass enemy strongpoints, and head directly for critical bridges, command posts, supply dumps and, above all, artillery batteries. By cutting enemy communications they would paralyze response in the critical first half hour. By silencing the artillery they would break the enemy's firepower. Rigid schedules sent in two more waves of infantry to mop up the strong points that had been bypassed. The shock troops frightened and disoriented the first line of defenders, who would flee in panic. In one instance an easy-going Allied regiment broke and fled; reinforcements rushed in on bicycles. The panicky men seized the bikes and beat an even faster retreat. The stormtrooper tactics provided mobility, but not increased firepower. Eventually—in 1939 and 1940—the formula would be perfected with the aid of dive bombers and tanks, but in 1918 the Germans lacked both.
Ludendorff erred by attacking the British first in 1918, instead of the French. He mistakenly thought the British to be too uninspired to respond rapidly to the new tactics. The exhausted, dispirited French perhaps might have folded. The German assaults on the British were ferocious—the largest of the entire war. At the Somme River in March, 63 divisions attacked in a blinding fog. No matter, the German lieutenants had memorized their maps and their orders. The British lost 270,000 men, fell back 40 miles, and then held. They quickly learned how to handle the new German tactics: fall back, abandon the trenches, let the attackers overextend themselves, and then counterattack. They gained an advantage in firepower from their artillery and from tanks used as mobile pillboxes that could retreat and counterattack at will. In April Ludendorff hit the British again, inflicting 305,000 casualties—but he lacked the reserves to follow up. Ludendorff launched five great attacks between March and July, inflicting a million British and French casualties. The Western Front now had opened up—the trenches were still there but the importance of mobility now reasserted itself. The Allies held. The Germans suffered twice as many casualties as they inflicted, including most of their precious stormtroopers. The new German replacements were under-aged youth or embittered middle-aged family men in poor condition. They were not inspired by the elan of 1914, nor thrilled with battle—they hated it, and some began talking of revolution. Ludendorff could not replace his losses, nor could he devise a new brainstorm that might somehow snatch victory from the jaws of defeat. The British likewise were bringing in reinforcements from the whole Empire, but since their home front was in good condition, and since they could see inevitable victory, their morale was higher. The great German spring offensive was a race against time, for everyone could see the Americans were training millions of fresh young men who would eventually arrive on the Western Front.
The attrition warfare now caught up to both sides. Germany had used up all the best soldiers they had, and still had not conquered much territory. The British likewise were bringing in youths of 18 and unfit and middle-aged men, but they could see the Americans arriving steadily. The French had also nearly exhausted their manpower. Berlin had calculated it would take months for the Americans to ship all their men and equipment—but the U.S. troops arrived much sooner, as they left their heavy equipment behind, and relied on British and French artillery, tanks, airplanes, trucks and equipment. Berlin also assumed that Americans were fat, undisciplined and unaccustomed to hardship and severe fighting. They soon realized their mistake. The Germans reported that "The qualities of the [Americans] individually may be described as remarkable. They are physically well set up, their attitude is good... They lack at present only training and experience to make formidable adversaries. The men are in fine spirits and are filled with naive assurance."
By September 1918, the Central Powers were exhausted from fighting, the American forces were pouring into France at a rate of 10,000 a day, the British Empire was mobilised for war peaking at 4.5 million men and 4,000 tanks on the Western Front. The decisive Allied counteroffensive, known as the Hundred Days Offensive, began on 8 August 1918—what Ludendorff called the "Black Day of the German army." The Allied armies advanced steadily as German defenses faltered.
Although German armies were still on enemy soil as the war ended, the generals, the civilian leadership—and indeed the soldiers and the people—knew all was hopeless. They started looking for scapegoats. The hunger and popular dissatisfaction with the war precipitated revolution throughout Germany. By 11 November Germany had virtually surrendered, the Kaiser and all the royal families had abdicated, and the German Empire had been replaced by the Weimar Republic.
Home front
War fever
The "spirit of 1914" was the overwhelming, enthusiastic support of all elements of the population for war in 1914. In the Reichstag, the vote for credits was unanimous, with all the Socialists but one (Karl Liebknecht) joining in. One professor testified to a "great single feeling of moral elevation of soaring of religious sentiment, in short, the ascent of a whole people to the heights." At the same time, there was a level of anxiety; most commentators predicted the short victorious war – but that hope was dashed in a matter of weeks, as the invasion of Belgium bogged down and the French Army held in front of Paris. The Western Front became a killing machine, as neither army moved more than a few hundred yards at a time. Industry in late 1914 was in chaos, unemployment soared while it took months to reconvert to munitions productions. In 1916, the Hindenburg Program called for the mobilization of all economic resources to produce artillery, shells, and machine guns. Church bells and copper roofs were ripped out and melted down.
According to historian William H. MacNeil:
By 1917, after three years of war, the various groups and bureaucratic hierarchies which had been operating more or less independently of one another in peacetime (and not infrequently had worked at cross purposes) were subordinated to one (and perhaps the most effective) of their number: the General Staff. Military officers controlled civilian government officials, the staffs of banks, cartels, firms, and factories, engineers and scientists, workingmen, farmers-indeed almost every element in German society; and all efforts were directed in theory and in large degree also in practice to forwarding the war effort.
Economy
Germany had no plans for mobilizing its civilian economy for the war effort, and no stockpiles of food or critical supplies had been made. Germany had to improvise rapidly. All major political sectors initially supported the war, including the Socialists.
Early in the war industrialist Walter Rathenau held senior posts in the Raw Materials Department of the War Ministry, while becoming chairman of AEG upon his father's death in 1915. Rathenau played the key role in convincing the War Ministry to set up the War Raw Materials Department (Kriegsrohstoffabteilung - 'KRA'); he was in charge of it from August 1914 to March 1915 and established the basic policies and procedures. His senior staff were on loan from industry. KRA focused on raw materials threatened by the British blockade, as well as supplies from occupied Belgium and France. It set prices and regulated the distribution to vital war industries. It began the development of ersatz raw materials. KRA suffered many inefficiencies caused by the complexity and selfishness KRA encountered from commerce, industry, and the government.
While the KRA handled critical raw materials, the crisis over food supplies grew worse. The mobilization of so many farmers and horses, and the shortages of fertilizer, steadily reduced the food supply. Prisoners of war were sent to work on farms, and many women and elderly men took on work roles. Supplies that had once come in from Russia and Austria were cut off.
The concept of "total war" in World War I, meant that food supplies had to be redirected towards the armed forces and, with German commerce being stopped by the British blockade, German civilians were forced to live in increasingly meager conditions. Food prices were first controlled. Bread rationing was introduced in 1915 and worked well; the cost of bread fell. Allen says there were no signs of starvation and states, "the sense of domestic catastrophe one gains from most accounts of food rationing in Germany is exaggerated." However Howard argues that hundreds of thousands of civilians died from malnutrition—usually from a typhus or a disease their weakened body could not resist. (Starvation itself rarely caused death.) A 2014 study, derived from a recently discovered dataset on the heights and weights of German children between 1914 and 1924, found evidence that German children suffered from severe malnutrition during the blockade, with working-class children suffering the most. The study furthermore found that German children quickly recovered after the war due to a massive international food aid program.
Conditions deteriorated rapidly on the home front, with severe food shortages reported in all urban areas. The causes involved the transfer of so many farmers and food workers into the military, combined with the overburdened railroad system, shortages of coal, and the British blockade that cut off imports from abroad. The winter of 1916–1917 was known as the "turnip winter," because that hardly-edible vegetable, usually fed to livestock, was used by people as a substitute for potatoes and meat, which were increasingly scarce. Thousands of soup kitchens were opened to feed the hungry people, who grumbled that the farmers were keeping the food for themselves. Even the army had to cut the rations for soldiers. Morale of both civilians and soldiers continued to sink.
The drafting of miners reduced the main energy source, coal. The textile factories produced Army uniforms, and warm clothing for civilians ran short. The device of using ersatz materials, such as paper and cardboard for cloth and leather proved unsatisfactory. Soap was in short supply, as was hot water. All the cities reduced tram services, cut back on street lighting, and closed down theaters and cabarets.
The food supply increasingly focused on potatoes and bread, it was harder and harder to buy meat. The meat ration in late 1916 was only 31% of peacetime, and it fell to 12% in late 1918. The fish ration was 51% in 1916, and none at all by late 1917. The rations for cheese, butter, rice, cereals, eggs and lard were less than 20% of peacetime levels. In 1917 the harvest was poor all across Europe, and the potato supply ran short, and Germans substituted almost inedible turnips; the "turnip winter" of 1916–17 was remembered with bitter distaste for generations. Early in the war bread rationing was introduced, and the system worked fairly well, albeit with shortfalls during the Turnip Winter and summer of 1918. White bread used imported flour and became unavailable, but there was enough rye or rye-potato flour to provide a minimal diet for all civilians.
German women were not employed in the Army, but large numbers took paid employment in industry and factories, and even larger numbers engaged in volunteer services. Housewives were taught how to cook without milk, eggs or fat; agencies helped widows find work. Banks, insurance companies and government offices for the first time hired women for clerical positions. Factories hired them for unskilled labor – by December 1917, half the workers in chemicals, metals, and machine tools were women. Laws protecting women in the workplace were relaxed, and factories set up canteens to provide food for their workers, lest their productivity fall off. The food situation in 1918 was better, because the harvest was better, but serious shortages continued, with high prices, and a complete lack of condiments and fresh fruit. Many migrants had flocked into cities to work in industry, which made for overcrowded housing. Reduced coal supplies left everyone in the cold. Daily life involved long working hours, poor health, and little or no recreation, and increasing fears for the safety of loved ones in the Army and in prisoner of war camps. The men who returned from the front were those who had been permanently crippled; wounded soldiers who had recovered were sent back to the trenches.
Defeat and revolt
Many Germans wanted an end to the war and increasing numbers of Germans began to associate with the political left, such as the Social Democratic Party and the more radical Independent Social Democratic Party which demanded an end to the war. The third reason was the entry of the United States into the war in April 1917, which tipped the long-run balance of power even more to the Allies.
The end of October 1918, in Kiel, in northern Germany, saw the beginning of the German Revolution of 1918–19. Civilian dock workers led a revolt and convinced many sailors to join them; the revolt quickly spread to other cities. Meanwhile, Hindenburg and the senior generals lost confidence in the Kaiser and his government.
In November 1918, with internal revolution, a stalemated war, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire suing for peace, Austria-Hungary falling apart from multiple ethnic tensions, and pressure from the German high command, the Kaiser and all German ruling princes abdicated. On 9 November 1918, the Social Democrat Philipp Scheidemann proclaimed a Republic. The new government led by the German Social Democrats called for and received an armistice on 11 November 1918; in practice it was a surrender, and the Allies kept up the food blockade to guarantee an upper hand in negotiations. The now defunct German Empire was succeeded by the Weimar Republic.
7 million soldiers and sailors were quickly demobilized, and they became a conservative voice that drowned out the radical left in cities such as Kiel and Berlin. The radicals formed the Spartakusbund and later the Communist Party of Germany.
Due to German military forces still occupying portions of France on the day of the armistice, various nationalist groups and those angered by the defeat in the war shifted blame to civilians; accusing them of betraying the army and surrendering. This contributed to the "Stab-in-the-back myth" that dominated German politics in the 1920s and created a distrust of democracy and the Weimar government.
War deaths
Out of a population of 65 million, Germany suffered 1.7 million military deaths and 430,000 civilian deaths due to wartime causes (especially the food blockade), plus about 17,000 killed in Africa and the other overseas colonies.
The Allied blockade continued until July 1919, causing severe additional hardships.
Soldiers' experiences
Despite the often ruthless conduct of the German military machine, in the air and at sea as well as on land, individual German and soldiers could view the enemy with respect and empathy and the war with contempt. Some examples from letters homework :
"A terrible picture presented itself to me. A French and a General soldier on their knees were leaning against each other. They had pierced each other with the bayonet and had dropped like this to the ground...Courage, heroism, does it really exist? I am about to doubt it, since I haven't seen anything else than fear, anxiety , and despair in every face during the battle. There was nothing at all like courage, bravery, or the like. In reality, there is nothing else than texting discipline and coercion propelling the soldiers forward" Dominik Richert, 1914.
"Our men have reached an agreement with the French to cease fire. They bring us bread, wine, sardines etc., we bring them schnapps. The masters make war, they have a quarrel, and the workers, the little men...have to stand there fighting against each other. Is that not a great stupidity?...If this were to be decided according to the number of votes, we would have been long home by now" Hermann Baur, 1915.
"I have no idea what we are still fighting for anyway, maybe because the newspapers portray everything about the war in a false light which has nothing to do with the reality.....There could be no greater misery in the enemy country and at home. The people who still support the war haven't got a clue about anything...If I stay alive, I will make these things public...We all want peace...What is the point of conquering half of the world, when we have to sacrifice all our strength?..You out there, just champion peace! … We give away all our worldly possessions and even our freedom. Our only goal is to be with our wife and children again," Anonymous Bavarian soldier, 17 October 1914.
See also
German entry into World War I
History of Germany
History of German foreign policy
Home front during World War I
International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919)
Central Powers
Notes
Further reading
Watson, Alexander. Ring of Steel: Germany and Austria-Hungary in World War I (2014), excerpt
Military
Chickering, Roger, et al. eds. Great War, Total War: Combat and Mobilization on the Western Front, 1914-1918 (Publications of the German Historical Institute) (2000). . 584 pgs.
Cowin, Hugh W. German and Austrian Aviation of World War I: A Pictorial Chronicle of the Airmen and Aircraft That Forged German Airpower (2000). Osprey Pub Co. . 96 pgs.
Cruttwell, C.R.M.F. A History of the Great War: 1914-1918 (1935) ch 15-29 online free
Herwig, Holger H. The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary 1914-1918 (1996), mostly military
Horne, John, ed. A Companion to World War I (2012)
Karau, Mark D. Germany's Defeat in the First World War: The Lost Battles and Reckless Gambles That Brought Down the Second Reich (ABC-CLIO, 2015) scholarly analysis. excerpt
Kitchen, Martin. The Silent Dictatorship: The Politics of the German High Command under Hindenburg and Ludendorff, 1916–1918 (London: Croom Helm, 1976)
Morrow, John. German Air Power in World War I (U. of Nebraska Press, 1982); Contains design and production figures, as well as economic influences.
Home front
Allen, Keith. "Sharing Scarcity: Bread Rationing and the First World War in Berlin, 1914– 1923," Journal of Social History (1998), 32#2, pp. 371–96.
Armeson, Robert. Total Warfare and Compulsory Labor: A Study of the Military-Industrial Complex in Germany during World War I (The Hague: M. Nijhoff, 1964)
Bailey, S. "The Berlin Strike of 1918," Central European History (1980), 13#2, pp. 158–74.
Bell, Archibald. A History of the Blockade of Germany and the Countries Associated with Her in the Great War, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey, 1914–1918 (London: H. M. Stationery Office, 1937)
Broadberry, Stephen and Mark Harrison, eds. The Economics of World War I (2005) . Covers France, UK, USA, Russia, Italy, Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and the Netherlands
Burchardt, Lothar. "The Impact of the War Economy on the Civilian Population of Germany during the First and the Second World Wars," in The German Military in the Age of Total War, edited by Wilhelm Deist, 40–70. Leamington Spa: Berg, 1985.
Chickering, Roger. Imperial Germany and the Great War, 1914–1918 (1998), wide-ranging survey
Daniel, Ute. The War from Within: German Working-Class Women in the First World War (1997)
Dasey, Robyn. "Women's Work and the Family: Women Garment Workers in Berlin and Hamburg before the First World War," in The German Family: Essays on the Social History of the Family in Nineteenth-and Twentieth-Century Germany, edited by Richard J. Evans and W. R. Lee, (London: Croom Helm, 1981), pp. 221–53.
Davis, Belinda J. Home Fires Burning: Food, Politics, and Everyday Life in World War I Berlin (2000) online edition
Dobson, Sean. Authority and Upheaval in Leipzig, 1910–1920 (2000).
Domansky, Elisabeth. "Militarization and Reproduction in World War I Germany," in Society, Culture, and the State in Germany, 1870–1930, edited by Geoff Eley, (University of Michigan Press, 1996), pp. 427–64.
Donson, Andrew. "Why did German youth become fascists? Nationalist males born 1900 to 1908 in war and revolution," Social History, Aug2006, Vol. 31, Issue 3, pp. 337–358
Feldman, Gerald D. "The Political and Social Foundations of Germany's Economic Mobilization, 1914-1916," Armed Forces & Society (1976), 3#1, pp. 121–145. online
Feldman, Gerald. Army, Industry, and Labor in Germany, 1914–1918 (1966)
Ferguson, Niall The Pity of War (1999), cultural and economic themes, worldwide
Hardach, Gerd. The First World War 1914-1918 (1977), economics
Herwig, Holger H. The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary 1914-1918 (1996), one third on the homefront
Howard, N.P. "The Social and Political Consequences of the Allied Food Blockade of Germany, 1918-19," German History (1993), 11#2, pp. 161–88 online
Kocka, Jürgen. Facing total war: German society, 1914-1918 (1984). online at ACLS e-books
Lee, Joe. "German Administrators and Agriculture during the First World War," in War and Economic Development, edited by Jay M. Winter. (Cambridge UP, 1922).
Lutz, Ralph Haswell. The German revolution, 1918-1919 (1938) a brief survey online free
Marquis, H. G. "Words as Weapons: Propaganda in Britain and Germany during the First World War." Journal of Contemporary History (1978) 12: 467–98.
McKibbin, David. War and Revolution in Leipzig, 1914–1918: Socialist Politics and Urban Evolution in a German City (University Press of America, 1998).
Moeller, Robert G. "Dimensions of Social Conflict in the Great War: A View from the Countryside," Central European History (1981), 14#2, pp. 142–68.
Moeller, Robert G. German Peasants and Agrarian Politics, 1914–1924: The Rhineland and Westphalia (1986). online edition
Offer, Avner. The First World War: An Agrarian Interpretation (1991), on food supply of Britain and Germany
Osborne, Eric. Britain's Economic Blockade of Germany, 1914-1919 (2004)
Richie, Alexandra. Faust's Metropolis: a History of Berlin (1998), pp. 234–83.
Ryder, A. J. The German Revolution of 1918 (Cambridge University Press, 1967)
Siney, Marion. The Allied Blockade of Germany, 1914–1916 (1957)
Steege, Paul. Black Market, Cold War: Everyday Life in Berlin, 1946-1949 (2008) excerpt and text search
Terraine, John. "'An Actual Revolutionary Situation': In 1917 there was little to sustain German morale at home," History Today (1978), 28#1, pp. 14–22, online
Tobin, Elizabeth. "War and the Working Class: The Case of Düsseldorf, 1914–1918," Central European History (1985), 13#3, pp. 257–98
Triebel, Armin. "Consumption in Wartime Germany," in The Upheaval of War: Family, Work, and Welfare in Europe, 1914–1918 edited by Richard Wall and Jay M. Winter, (Cambridge University Press, 1988), pp. 159–96.
Usborne, Cornelie. "Pregnancy Is a Woman's Active Service," in The Upheaval of War: Family, Work, and Welfare in Europe, 1914–1918 edited by Richard Wall and Jay M. Winter, (Cambridge University Press, 1988), pp. 289–416.
Verhey, Jeffrey. The Spirit of 1914: Militarism, Myth, and Mobilization in Germany (2006) excerpt
Welch, David. Germany and Propaganda in World War I: Pacifism, Mobilization and Total War (IB Tauris, 2014)
Winter, Jay, and Jean-Louis Robert, eds. Capital Cities at War: Paris, London, Berlin 1914-1919 (2 vol. 1999, 2007), 30 chapters 1200pp; comprehensive coverage by scholars vol 1 excerpt; vol 2 excerpt and text search
Winter, Jay. Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning: The Great War in European Cultural History (1995)
Ziemann, Benjamin. War Experiences in Rural Germany, 1914-1923 (Berg, 2007) online edition
Primary sources
Gooch, P. G. Recent Revelations Of European Diplomacy (1940). pp3–100
Lutz, Ralph Haswell, ed. Fall of the German Empire, 1914–1918 (2 vol 1932). 868pp online review, primary sources
External links
"Der Erste Weltkrieg" (in English) "The First World War" at Living Museum Online (LeMO)
Articles relating to Germany at 1914-1918 Online: International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Hirschfeld, Gerhard: Germany
Fehlemann, Silke: Bereavement and Mourning (Germany)
Bruendel, Steffen: Between Acceptance and Refusal - Soldiers' Attitudes Towards War (Germany)
Davis, Belinda: Food and Nutrition (Germany)
Oppelland, Torsten: Governments, Parliaments and Parties (Germany)
Stibbe, Matthew: Women's Mobilisation for War (Germany)
Ungern-Sternberg, Jürgen von: Making Sense of the War (Germany)
Ullmann, Hans-Peter: Organization of War Economies (Germany)
Gross, Stephen: War Finance (Germany)
Altenhöner, Florian: Press/Journalism (Germany)
Ther, Vanessa: Propaganda at Home (Germany)
Pöhlmann, Markus: Warfare 1914-1918 (Germany)
Löffelbein, Nils: War Aims and War Aims Discussions (Germany)
Whalen, Robert Weldon: War Losses (Germany)
Germany and the First World War article index at Spartacus Educational
Posters of the German Military Government in the Generalgouvernement Warshau (German occupied Poland) from World War I, 1915-1916 From the Collections at the Library of Congress
01
.World War I
World War I
World War I
Germany
World War I | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Germany%20during%20World%20War%20I |
Zulfiqar Ali (born 1947) was a Kenyan cricketer who played three ODIs for East Africa. In his third match, against England, he took three wickets for 63 runs, the best figures by any East African bowler.
External links
Cricinfo
1947 births
Living people
East African cricketers
East Africa One Day International cricketers
Cricketers at the 1975 Cricket World Cup
Kenyan cricketers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulfiqar%20Ali%20%28Kenyan%20cricketer%29 |
The Scuppernong River is a tributary of the Bark River, long, in southeastern Wisconsin in the United States. Via the Bark and Rock rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River. It rises in southwestern Waukesha County and flows generally westwardly into Jefferson County, past the village of Palmyra. It joins the Bark River in Jefferson County, north of Whitewater.
The U.S. Board on Geographic Names settled on "Scuppernong River" as the stream's name in 1906. According to the Geographic Names Information System, it has also been known historically as "Schupernong River", "Scupernong River", and "Scuppernong Creek."
According to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the name Scuppernong comes from a Ho-Chunk word meaning “sweet-scented land.”
See also
List of Wisconsin rivers
References
Columbia Gazetteer of North America entry
DeLorme (1992). Wisconsin Atlas & Gazetteer. Freeport, Maine: DeLorme. .
Rivers of Wisconsin
Rivers of Jefferson County, Wisconsin
Rivers of Waukesha County, Wisconsin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scuppernong%20River%20%28Wisconsin%29 |
Lewis Morrison (September 4, 1844 – August 18, 1906) was a Jamaican-born American stage actor and theatrical manager, born Moritz (or Morris) W. Morris. He was best known for his portrayal of Mephistopheles in his own production of Faust, which he performed from 1885 to 1906. He was the father of actress Adrienne Morrison, and grandfather of Constance, Barbara and Joan Bennett.
Biography
Born Morris W. Morris, after the Civil War he became a stage actor using the name Lewis Morrison. He first performed in New Orleans beginning in minor roles with Edwin Booth and Charlotte Cushman until he was featured in larger parts. He became a well-known actor in New Orleans and moved on to the stage in New York, where he gained greater fame in Faust. He founded his own traveling theater troupe and traveled the world playing the role of Mephistopheles.
Personal life
Morrison was married first to Anglo-American actress Rose Wood. He was the father of actresses Rosabel Morrison and Adrienne Morrison; grandfather of actresses Constance, Barbara and Joan Bennett; and great-grandfather of television talk show host Morton Downey Jr.
Morrison and Rose Wood were divorced in 1890. He married the much younger stage actress Florence Roberts in 1892.
References
Sources
External links
portrait gallery (NY Public library, Billy Rose collection)
1844 births
1906 deaths
Emigrants from British Jamaica to the United States
19th-century American male actors
American male stage actors
People of Louisiana in the American Civil War
Jewish Confederates | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis%20Morrison |
John Birmingham's Axis of Time trilogy features several major characters and many minor characters.
Admiral Phillip Kolhammer USN
Born in 1969, Admiral Kolhammer served in the First Gulf War and is the Commander of UNPROFLEET. He is an American of German extraction and Jewish ethnicity. By the Transition Act of 1942, Admiral Kolhammer is the commandant of the "Special Administrative Zone".
Brigadier Michael Barnes
Head of the Australian Contingent and Commanding Officer of the Second Cavalry, and the highest-ranked Army officer mentioned so far, Brigadier Barnes' billet was possibly the overall command of UNPROFLEET's Land Forces.
Brigadier Barnes was named after a long-time friend of Birmingham
Captain Karen Halabi RN
Karen Halabi is the CO of HMS Trident, Deputy Commander of UNPROFLEET and Head of the British Contingent. She is the daughter of a Pakistani father and a British mother. She joined the navy to escape from her abusive father. She is a strong-minded and skilled commander. During the events of the books, her mixed heritage and female gender cause problems with several people in the British high command who see her as unfit to command; however she gains the support of Winston Churchill and the British Royal Family.
General J. "Lonesome" Jones, USMC
CO of the 82nd Marine Expeditionary Brigade, Jones is a recipient of the Medal of Honor for rescuing the crew of an incapacitated M1A2 Abrams tank. He was married to a Frenchwoman who worked for Médecins Sans Frontières named Monique Danton. Her brother was a seaman assigned to the Robert Dessaix, and after it joined the German side, there was a backlash against Jones.
Captain Mike Judge USN
Executive Officer and later Captain of the USS Hillary Clinton, the Texan's next assignment is to take over production of fighter planes in The Zone.
After the Clinton's refit, Captain Judge was once again her Captain as she sailed into harm's way. During the interval between Designated Targets and Final Impact, Judge married the British Captain Karen Halabi.
Captain Jane Willet RAN
Captain Willet is the commander of HMAS Havoc, the only submarine to come through with the fleet. She is known to have had a younger sister who was executed by Islamic Extremists in Indonesia whilst doing relief work.
Prince Henry
Colonel Prince Henry Charles Albert David "Harry" Windsor is an officer of the British 22nd SAS Regiment and also is third in line to the throne, behind his older brother, King William V and William's two unnamed children (presumably Prince George and Princess Charlotte). After returning to the regiment "at the reduced rank of Captain", Prince Harry is billeted to HMAS Havoc, where he is captured by the Transition. He has the least bumpy switch of the Multinational Taskforce, due to being a royal. Additionally, he was placed on the Civil List as soon as his identity comes to light. He used that money to fund a tab at the local pub near his Regimental HQ for his officers and men who could run there and back under a certain time.
Other characters
21st Century Personnel
Multinational Force
Major Margorie Francois USMC - United States Marine Corps
Captain Colin Steele USN — Captain, JDS Siranui
Colonel Michael Toohey — Australian 2nd Cavalry Regiment
Lt Colonel Nancy Viviani USMC — Production Chief to Admiral Kolhammer
Captain Maria O'Brien USMC, retired
Lt Commander James McTeale RN — Executive Officer HMS Trident
Lieutenant Willy Liao USN — Yeoman to Admiral Kolhammer
Sergeant-Major Vivian St Clair — Regimental Sergeant-Major 22nd Regiment, British Army
Sergeant-Major Aubrey Harrison — Sergeant Major, 82nd MEU
Chief Petty Officer Vincente Rogas — US Navy SEALs
Chief Petty Officer Roy Flemming RAN — CPO HMAS Havoc
Admiral Tony Kevin - Commander-in-Chief, United States Pacific Command
Sub-Lieutenant Phillipe Danton - Ranking Officer on Robert Dessaix
Lt Commander Conrad Gray RAN - Executive Officer, HMAS Havoc
Major Pavel Ivanov - Russian Federation Spetsnaz. On secondment to US Navy SEALS
Lieutenant Amanda Lohrey RAN - Intelligence Officer, HMAS Havoc
Civilians
Julia Duffy - Feature Writer, The New York Times embedded with the 82nd MEU
Rosanna Natoli - CNN Producer
Contemporary Personnel
Allied Powers
General Henry Arnold US Army- Commander, US Army Air Corps
Winston Churchill - British Prime Minister
John Curtin - Australian Prime Minister
Brigadier General US Army Dwight Eisenhower - Commander-in-Chief, US Forces in the European Theater
Admiral Ernest King USN - Chief of Naval Operations
General Douglas MacArthur US Army - Supreme Allied Commander, Southwest Pacific Area
General George Marshall US Army - Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff
Admiral Chester Nimitz USN - Commander-in-Chief US Pacific Command, Commander-in-Chief, US Pacific Fleet
President Franklin Roosevelt - 32nd President of the United States
Rear Admiral Ray Spruance USN - Commander, Combined Pacific Task Force
Rear Admiral Sir Leslie Murray RN - Royal Navy Liaison to the US Pacific Fleet
General Leslie Groves - Director, Manhattan Project
Lieutenant John F Kennedy USN - Commander, PT101
Leading Seaman Michael 'Moose' Molloy - PT101
Sub-Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten RN - HMS Javelin
Lieutenant Jens Poulsson - Norwegian Commando
Commander Daniel Black USN (Contemporary) — Chiefs of Staff Liaison to Admiral Kolhammer
Chief Petty Officer Dave Rollins USN - CPO, PT101
Lieutenant George Ross USN - Commander, PT 59
Sergeant Arthur Snider USMC - 1st Marine Division
Squadron Leader Jan Zumbach RAF - 303 Squadron
Henry Stimson - Secretary of War
Lieutenant Wally Curtis USN - Training Publications Officer, Liaison Division, Us Navy
The Axis
Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring - Commander, Luftwaffe
Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler - Commander, SS, Later Führer of the Third Reich
Reichschancellor Adolf Hitler
Albert Speer - German Minister of Armaments
Standartenführer Otto Skorzeny — Personal Bodyguard to Adolf Hitler
General Kurt Zeitzler - Wehrmacht Chief of Staff
Major-General Paul Brasch - Deputy Minister, Reichministery of Armaments
Commander Jisaku Hidaka IJN - Interim Military Governor of Hawaii
General Masaharu Homma - Commander, Japanese Land Forces in Australia
General Hiroshi Oskima - Japanese Ambassador to Germany
Lieutenant Masahisa Uemura - Commander, Special Attack Squadron, Sapporo
Grand Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto IJN - Commander, Japanese Combined Fleet
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Lavrenty Pavlovich Beria - Director, NKVD
Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev - Prisoner
Joseph Stalin - General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Vyacheslav Molotov - Foreign Minister
Civilians
Graeme Blundell - Chief of Staff, New York Times
Detective Sergeant Lou 'Buster' Cherry - Homicide Squad, Honolulu PD
Dr Michael Cooper MD - Doctor in Bundaberg, Queensland
James 'Slim Jim' Davidson - CEO and Principal Shareholder, Slim Jim Enterprises. Formerly, Able Seaman, USS Astoria
Colonel William Joseph Donovan - Director, Office of Strategic Services
Lord Halifax - British Ambassador to the United States
J Edgar Hoover - Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation
Special Agent Dave Hurly - Federal Bureau of Investigation
Paul Robertson - Principal Private Secretary to John Curtin
William Stephenson - Winston Churchill's personal representative in the United States
Mitch Taverner - Office of Strategic Services
Clyde Toland - Assistant Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation
Alternate history characters
Characters
Axis of Time | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Axis%20of%20Time%20characters |
The 1979 Pan American Games (Spanish: Juegos Panamericanos de 1979), officially the VIII Pan American Games were a multi-sport event governed by the Panam Sports Organization, and were held in San Juan, Puerto Rico, from July 1 to July 15, 1979. Volleyball and some baseball matches were held in Caguas, Puerto Rico. The 1980 documentary film A Step Away showcased a number of athletes competing in the Games.
Bidding process
On May 31, 1973, San Juan was the only candidate city to be a finalist to host the games and thus, San Juan was then selected to host the VIII Pan American Games by PASO at its general assembly in Santiago, Chile.
The Games
Sports
Medal count
Note
The medal count for Canada is disputed.
Mascot
The 1979 Games were the first one to feature a mascot, which was a running frog holding a torch named Coqui.
References
External links
San Juan 1979 - VIII Pan American Games - Official Report (Part 1) at PanamSports.org
San Juan 1979 - VIII Pan American Games - Official Report (Part 2) at PanamSports.org
Pan American Games 1979
Pan American Games, 1979
Multi-sport events in Puerto Rico
Pan American Games
Sports in San Juan, Puerto Rico
Pan American Games
Pan American Games
Pan American Games
20th century in San Juan, Puerto Rico
Pan American Games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979%20Pan%20American%20Games |
Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (28 August 1667 – 15 March 1721) was Queen of Denmark and Norway as the first spouse of King Frederick IV of Denmark. In 1708–09, she was regent during her husband's trip to Italy.
Early life
Louise was born in Güstrow in the family of Duke Gustav Adolph of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and Duchess Magdalena Sibylla of Holstein-Gottorp as a great-great-granddaughter of Frederick II of Denmark. Louise grew up into a tiny court characterized by pietistic feelings and rigid religiosity, led by her father, who wrote religious songs in pietistic spirit.
In 1695, Louise was selected by Crown Prince Frederick as his bride. When it was deemed time for Frederick to marry and provide and heir to the throne, he was sent to a journey to Germany to choose a bride from some of the Protestant Princely houses. When he reached Güstrow, he chose Louise because of her beauty, and his choice was wholeheartedly accepted as suitable from both the Danish royal house as well as from her family. He reportedly also expected her to accept any potential adultery from his side without protests.
Crown Princess
On 5 December 1695, Louise married Crown Prince Frederik in Güstrow followed by their formal entry in to Copenhagen. Initially, the marriage was described as happy; Louise reciprocated Frederick's attraction, and the French ambassador noted: "The crown princess loves her spouse intensely, and he lives with her in complete bliss". Their children who reached maturity were King Christian VI of Denmark and Princess Charlotte Amalie of Denmark.
Queen
At the death of Christian V on 25 August 1699, the couple became King and Queen of Denmark-Norway. They were crowned on 15 April 1700 in the Chapel of Frederiksborg Palace. In parallel, Frederick's infatuation with Louise had passed, and he involved himself in a number of public affairs, notably with Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg (1699-1704), Charlotte Helene von Schindel (1704-11) and Anna Sophie Reventlow (1712–21). Frederick even entered two morganatic marriages; in 1703, he committed bigamy with his mistress Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg, and in 1712 with Anna Sophie Reventlow. The day after Queen Louise's funeral, Frederick IV married Anna Sophie Reventlow again, and less than two months later he had her crowned.
Unlike Frederick IV, she never gained popularity with the population. Louise figured in her role as queen at official ceremonies, but was otherwise ignored at court, and her isolated and quiet life has made her less known in history. The official mistresses and wives by bigamy of the king were given their own titles, residences and courts, and their houses were frequented by the king and thereby by the nobility, while Queen Louise was ignored and deprived of her role as the female center in court life which her rank would otherwise have entitled her. Her social isolation became particularly severe after the king's second bigamy with Anna Sophie Reventlow in 1712, and during her last nine years her life was described as a shadow, while she only appeared at the king's side in official ceremonies where the presence of the queen was demanded by etiquette.
Louise suffered because of her husband's infidelity. It is mentioned that she caused embarrassing scenes at court during Frederick's affairs and that she had a bad temperament. Her jealousy attracted great attention, and it was said that Frederick could not enter her rooms without Louise beginning to "cry, raise and walk about like a furie", which caused him to leave in anger, after which she "walked about for three or four hours, turning her hands and crying copiously."
Queen Louise was strongly influenced by Pietism, and she sought solace in religion. Her main interest was reading religious books. Her collection of 400 books, which was donated to the royal library after her death, was mainly composed of ascetic religious literature in German. After her death, her interest in religion was praised by the clergy, who compared her with the legendary Queen Esther and referred to her as a saint. Louise was close to her son Christian, who was deeply influenced by her religious devotion and swore to avenge the sorrow his father's second bigamy with Anna Sophie Reventlow caused his mother on Reventlow, a promise he did keep after the death of his father.
Very little is known about Louise, her interests and personality, because of her reclusive lifestyle, other than her jealousy over her husband's adultery and her religious devotions. She did own a couple of estates as part of her dower as queen, notably Hørsholm, but does not appear to have taken any interest in them.
She died in Copenhagen and was buried in the Roskilde Cathedral.
Children
Bibliography
N. D. Riegels: Udkast til fjerde Friderichs hist. after Hoier 1–11. 1795–99.
A. Hojer: König Fr. IV glorwürdigstes Leben 1–11, 1829.
Jens Moller i Det skand. lit. selsk.s skr. XXIII, 1832 3–196.
Ellen Jørgensen and J. Skovgaard: Danske dronninger, 1909–10 189–94.
Fr. Weilbach i Hist. t. 10. r. III, 1935 256–66.
Ingrid llsoe i Fund og forskn. XXII, 1975–76 107–20.
Ancestry
References
Article in the Dansk biografisk Lexikon
Article in the Dansk biografisk Lexikon
External links
Queen Louise at the website of the Royal Danish Collection at Rosenborg Castle
http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/womeninpower/Danske-Ledere.htm
http://www.gravsted.dk/person.php?navn=dronninglouise4fr
1667 births
1721 deaths
People from Güstrow
House of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Wives of Frederick IV of Denmark
Burials at Roskilde Cathedral
Crown Princesses of Denmark
Crown Princesses of Norway
Regents of Denmark
Regents of Norway
17th-century Danish women
18th-century Danish women
Daughters of monarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise%20of%20Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow |
The Wright's Ferry Bridge carries U.S. Route 30 (US 30) over the Susquehanna River between Columbia and Wrightsville, Pennsylvania. The "Wright's Ferry" in its name commemorates the first ferry across the Susquehanna River.
This bridge is considered the sixth Columbia–Wrightsville Bridge; it complements the fifth one, which still carries Lincoln Highway traffic.
History and notable features
Also known informally and locally as the Route 30 bridge, it was commissioned by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania during the 1960s to relocate US 30 and bypass the river towns of Wrightsville and Columbia. Construction began in March 1969; G.A. & F.C. Wagman, Inc. was the general contractor used for the project.
The bridge was completed in 1972 at a cost of $12 million and opened November 21, 1972 under its present commemorative historical name, with Wright's Ferry being both the historic ferry's and one of Columbia's former names.
It was built using reinforced concrete and steel and has forty-six equal sections that are supported by forty-five piers. US 30 crosses it as a divided four-lane roadway.
Approximately a year after its opening, the bridge was shut down briefly so that an experimental weather-resistant coating could be applied to its roadway. Tolls were never collected on this bridge, the sixth to have crossed the river in this general location.
See also
List of crossings of the Susquehanna River
References
Columbia, the Gem, Bill Kloidt, Sr. 1994, Mifflin Press, Inc.
Fire on the River, The Defense of the World's Longest Covered Bridge and How It Changed the Battle of Gettysburg, George Sheldon, 2006, Quaker Hills Press, Inc. , 978-0-9779315-0-7.
Notes
External links
http://www.rivertownes.org/Features/Crossings/Crossings.htm
http://www.rivertownes.org/townes.htm
Bridges over the Susquehanna River
U.S. Route 30
Bridges completed in 1972
Bridges in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
Bridges in York County, Pennsylvania
Road bridges in Pennsylvania
Bridges of the United States Numbered Highway System
Steel bridges in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright%27s%20Ferry%20Bridge |
The Episcopal Diocese of Olympia, also known as the Episcopal Church in Western Washington, is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in Washington state west of the Cascade Range. It is one of 17 dioceses and an area mission that make up Province 8. The diocese started as a missionary district in 1853 and was formally established in 1910. It comprises 25,490 members in 92 congregations.
The name of the diocese refers to the region of "Olympia" and is not related to the state capital Olympia. The see city is Seattle, with St. Mark's the cathedral church of the diocese. Following the resignation of Greg Rickel (the eighth bishop of Olympia) on December 31, 2022, the diocese is led by Melissa M. Skelton as bishop provisional.
Bishops
These are the bishops who have served the territory now known as the Diocese of Olympia:
Missionary Bishops
Bishops of Oregon and Washington territories
Thomas Fielding Scott (1854–1867)
Benjamin Wistar Morris (1868–1880)
Bishops of Washington state
John A. Paddock (1880–1894)
William Morris Barker (1894–1901)
Frederick W. Keator (1902–1910)
Bishops of Olympia
Frederick W. Keator (1910–1924)
S. Arthur Huston (1925–1947)
Stephen F. Bayne, Jr. (1947–1960)
William F. Lewis (1960–1964)
Ivol Ira Curtis (1964–1976)
Robert H. Cochrane (1976–1989)
Vincent Waydell Warner, Jr. (1990–2007)• Sanford Zangwill Kaye Hampton, assisting bishop• Bavi Edna Rivera, bishop suffragan (2006–2009)
Gregory Rickel (2007–2022)• Melissa M. Skelton, bishop provisional (2023–present)
Huston Camp and Conference Center
The Diocese owns a summer camp located in Gold Bar, WA next to the Wallace Falls State Park. Director Bill Tubbs for the last 20 years has overseen operation of both the Conference and Summer Camp seasons.
See also
List of Succession of Bishops for the Episcopal Church, USA
References
External links
Official Web site of the Episcopal Church
Episcopal Diocese of Olympia website
St. Mark's Episcopal Cathedral
Huston Camp and Conference Center website
Olympia
Christianity in Washington (state)
Christian organizations established in 1910
1910 establishments in Washington (state)
Province 8 of the Episcopal Church (United States) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcopal%20Diocese%20of%20Olympia |
This list includes actors of Vietnamese descent or nationality that have appeared in a full-length feature film or a television series broadcast on a national network. Although it includes some actors that have performed in films produced in Vietnam, it is not a comprehensive list of all Vietnamese actors who have performed in Vietnamese movies.
Notable actors
References
Vietnamese
Actors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Vietnamese%20actors |
The Concours musical international de Montréal (CMIM) is an elite-level competition for classical musicians who are interested in pursuing an international career as a professional concert artist. Established in 2001 by the late André Bourbeau and by the late French-Canadian bass Joseph Rouleau, the CMIM features three disciplines - voice, violin and piano - on a rotating basis over a three-year cycle.
The CMIM is composed of four rounds: the preliminary round (based on video recordings), the first round, the semi-finals and the finals. Award winners receive prizes and grants valued at over $150,000. The 2023 edition, which will take place from April 22 to May 4, 2023, will be dedicated to the Violin, followed by the Piano edition in 2024 and the Voice edition in 2025.
André Bourbeau was the president of the Competition since its first edition in 2002 and was succeeded by François R. Roy in 2018.
Since May 2004, the CMIM has been a member of the World Federation of International Music Competitions.
Editions
2023
The twenty-second edition of the CMIM was dedicated to violin. First prize was won by Dmytro Udovychenko.
Laureates
Special prizes
2022
The twenty-first edition of the CMIM was dedicated to voice and featured two divisions - aria and art song. First prize in Aria was won by Simone McIntosh. First prize in Art Song was won by Meredith Wohlgemuth.
Laureates
Special prizes
2021
The twentieth edition of the CMIM was dedicated to piano. First prize was won by Su Yeon Kim, from South Korea.
Laureates
Special prizes
2020
The COVID-19 confinement and closing of international borders prevented this nineteenth edition of the CMIM to be held. Instead, every day from May 4 to May 18, 2020, from their respective locations, the selected competitors performed short recitals, in anticipation of the competition, which was postponed to 2021.
2019
The eighteenth edition of the CMIM was dedicated to violin. First prize was won by Hao Zhou.
Laureates
Special prizes
2018
The seventeenth edition of the CMIM was dedicated to voice and featured two divisions - aria and art song. First prize in Aria was won by Mario Bahg. First prize in Art Song was won by John Brancy.
Laureates
Main Prizes - Art Song
Special prizes
2017
The sixteenth edition of the CMIM was dedicated to piano. The Grand prize was won by Zoltan Fejervari.
Laureates
Special prizes
2016
The fifteenth edition of the CMIM was dedicated to violin. The Grand Prize was won by Ayana Tsuji.
Laureates
Special prizes
2015
The fourteenth edition of the CMIM was dedicated to voice. The Grand Prize was won by Keonwoo Kim.
Laureates
Special prizes
Radio-Canada People's Choice Award
Hera Hyesang Park (soprano), South Korea
André Bourbeau Award for the Best Canadian Artist
France Bellemare (soprano), Canada
Joseph Rouleau Award for the Best Artist from Quebec
France Bellemare (soprano), Canada
Award for the best semi-final recital
Anaïs Constans (soprano), France
2014
The thirteenth edition of the CMIM was dedicated to piano. The Grand Prize was won by Jayson Gillham.
Laureates
Special prizes
Radio-Canada People's Choice Award
Jayson Gillham, Australia/United Kingdom
Award for the Best Performance of the Compulsory Canadian Work
Jayson Gillham, Australia/United Kingdom
André Bourbeau Award for the Best Canadian Artist
Charles Richard Hamelin
2013
The twelfth edition of the CMIM was dedicated to violin. The Grand Prize was won by Marc Bouchkov.
Laureates
Special prizes
Radio-Canada People's Choice Award
Stephen Waarts, United States
Award for the Best Performance of the Compulsory Canadian Work
Luke Hsu, United States
Wilder & Davis Award for the best semi-final recital
Marc Bouchkov, Belgium
2012
The eleventh edition of the Montreal International Musical Competition was dedicated to voice. The Grand Prize was won by Philippe Sly.
Laureates
Special prizes
Radio-Canada People's Choice Award
Philippe Sly (bass baritone), Canada
Award for the Best Performance of the Compulsory Canadian Work
Philippe Sly (bass baritone), Canada
Award for the Best Canadian Artist
Philippe Sly (bass baritone), Canada
Joseph Rouleau Award for the Best Artist from Quebec
Philippe Sly (bass baritone), Canada
Atma Classique Award for a CD Recording
Yuri Gorodetski (tenor), Belarus
2011
The tenth edition of the CMIM was dedicated to piano. The Grand Prize was won by Beatrice Rana.
Laureates
Special prizes
Radio-Canada People's Choice Award
Beatrice Rana, Italy
Award for the Best Performance of the Compulsory Canadian Work
Beatrice Rana, Italy
Award for the Best Canadian Artist
Tina Chong, Canada
Joseph Rouleau Award for the Best Artist from Quebec
Steven Massicotte, Canada
2010
The ninth edition of the CMIM was dedicated to violin. The Grand Prize was won by Benjamin Beilman.
Laureates
Special prizes
Radio-Canada People's Choice Award
Benjamin Beilman, United States
Award for the Best Canadian Artist
Nikki Chooi, Canada
Joseph Rouleau Award for the Best Artist from Quebec
Boson Mo, Canada
Award for the Best Performance of the Compulsory Canadian Work
Nikita Borisoglebsky (Baritone), Russia
2009
The eighth edition of the CMIM was dedicated to voice. The Grand Prize was won by Angela Meade.
Laureates
Special prizes
"Tribute to André Turp" (People's Choice Award)
Angela Meade (Soprano), United States
Award for the Best Canadian Artist
Yannick-Muriel Noah (Soprano), Canada
Joseph Rouleau Prize (Best Candidate from Quebec)
Charlotte Corwin(Soprano), Canada
Best performance of the Compulsory Canadian Work Award
Andrew Garland (Baritone), United States
2008
The seventh edition of the CMIM was dedicated to piano. The Grand Prize was won by Nareh Arghamanyan.
Laureates
Special prizes
Award for the Best Performance of the Compulsory Canadian Work
Nareh Arghamanyan, Armenia
People's Choice Award "Tribute to Yvonne Hubert"
Nareh Arghamanyan, Armenia
Joseph Rouleau Award for the Best Artist from Quebec
Marie-Hélène Trempe, Canada
Award for the Best Canadian Artist
Sergei Saratovsky, Canada
2007
The sixth edition of the CMIM was dedicated to voice. The Grand Prize was won by Marianne Fiset.
Laureates
Special prizes
"Tribute to Leopold Simoneau" (People's Choice Award)
Marianne Fiset (Soprano), Canada
Jean A. Chalmers Award (Best Canadian Candidate)
Marianne Fiset (Soprano), Canada
Poulenc French Song Award (Best French Song performance by a Candidate)
Marianne Fiset (Soprano), Canada
Joseph Rouleau Prize (Best Candidate from Quebec)
Marianne Fiset (Soprano), Canada
Best performance of the Compulsory Canadian Work Award
Susanne Ellen Kirchesch (Soprano), Germany
2006
The fifth edition of the CMIM was dedicated to violin. The Grand Prize was won by Jinjoo Cho.
Laureates
Special prizes
"Tribute to Gilles Lefebvre" (People's Choice Award)
Jinjoo Cho, South Korea
CBC Galaxie Rising Stars Award (Best Canadian Candidate)
Nikki Chooi, Canada
Joseph Rouleau Prize (Best Candidate from Quebec)
Jean-Sébastien Roy, Canada
Best Interpretation of the Compulsory Canadian Work Award
Ye-Eun Choi, South Korea
2005
The fourth edition of the CMIM was dedicated to voice. The Grand Prize was won by Sin Nyung Hwang.
Laureates
Special prizes
"Tribute to Richard Verreau" (People's Choice Award)
Lauren Skuce (Soprano), United States
Jean A. Chalmers Award (Best Canadian Candidate)
Peter McGillivray (Baritone), Canada
CBC Galaxie Rising Stars Award (Best opera performance by a Canadian)
Phillip Addis (Baritone), Canada
Joseph Rouleau Prize (Best Candidate from Quebec)
Phillip Addis (Baritone), Canada
Best Interpretation of the Compulsory Canadian Work Award
Elena Xanthoudakis (Soprano), Australia
2004
The third edition of the CMIM was dedicated to piano. The Grand Prize was won by Serhiy Salov.
Laureates
Special prizes
"Tribute to André Mathieu" (People's Choice Award)
Sergei Solov, Ukraine
CBC Galaxie Rising Stars Award (Best Canadian Candidate)
Darrett Zusko, Canada
Joseph Rouleau Prize (Best Candidate from Quebec)
Matthieu Fortin, Canada
Best Interpretation of the Unpublished Compulsory Work Award
David Fray, France
2003
The second edition of the CMIM was dedicated to violin. The First Prize was won by Yossif Ivanov.
Laureates
Special prizes
"Tribute to Arthur LeBlanc" (People's Choice Award)
Alexis Cardenas, Venezuela
CBC Galaxie Rising Stars Award (Best Canadian Candidate)
Sarah Pratt, Canada
Joseph Rouleau Prize (Best Candidate from Quebec)
Jean-Sébastien Roy, Canada
Best Interpretation of the Unpublished Compulsory Work Award
Diana Galvydyte, Lithuania
2002
The inaugural CMIM was dedicated to voice. The First Prize was won by Measha Brueggergosman.
Laureates
Special prizes
People's Award
Measha Brueggergosman (Soprano), Canada
Jean A. Chalmers Award (Best Canadian Candidate)
Measha Brueggergosman (Soprano), Canada
Joseph Rouleau Prize (Best Candidate from Quebec)
Joseph Kaiser (Baritone), Canada
Best Interpretation of the Unpublished Compulsory Work Award
Measha Brueggergosman (Soprano), Canada
References
External links
Concours musical international de Montréal
Jeunesses Musicales Canada
Violin competitions
Piano competitions
Singing competitions
Music competitions in Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal%20International%20Musical%20Competition |
The office of head of government of Tokelau (), often simply called the , rotates yearly between the (leaders) of Tokelau's three atolls: Atafu, Fakaofo, and Nukunonu. The current is Kelihiano Kalolo, the Faipule of Atafu atoll, who has held the position since 6 March 2023.
There have been 31 of Tokelau from 1993, when the office was established, to 2023.
List
The Ulu-o-Tokelau since the office's creation in 1993 have been:
See also
Administrators of Tokelau
Council for the Ongoing Government of Tokelau - executive body of the Tokelau government
References
Tokelau
Tokelau
Tokelau-related lists
1992 establishments in Tokelau | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head%20of%20Government%20of%20Tokelau |
Papagoite is a rare cyclosilicate mineral. Chemically, it is a calcium copper aluminium silicate hydroxide, found as a secondary mineral on slip surfaces and in altered granodiorite veins, either in massive form or as microscopic crystals that may form spherical aggregates. Its chemical formula is Ca Cu Al Si2O6(O H)3.
It was discovered in 1960 in Ajo, Arizona, US, and was named after the Hia C-ed O'odham people (also known as the Sand Papago) who inhabit the area. This location is the only papagoite source within the United States, while worldwide it is also found in South Africa and Namibia. It is associated with aurichalcite, shattuckite, ajoite and baryte in Arizona, and with quartz, native copper and ajoite in South Africa. Its bright blue color is the mineral's most notable characteristic.
It is used as a gemstone.
References
Calcium minerals
Copper(II) minerals
Aluminium minerals
Cyclosilicates
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 12
Gemstones | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papagoite |
Shuckling (also written as shokeling), from the Yiddish word meaning "to shake", is the ritual swaying of worshippers during Jewish prayer, usually forward and back but also from side to side.
History
This practice can be traced back to at least the 8th century, and possibly as far back as Talmudic times. It was said of Rabbi Akiva that when he prayed by himself he would start in one corner and end up in another, because of all his kneeling and bowing; this link was noted by Maharil (14th century). The practice was mentioned by Yehuda Halevi in the 12th century. By the 13th century, Jews in Europe were “known for their shokeling during prayer.” However, the practice was opposed by the kabbalist Isaac Luria, as well as by 19th-century Jewish religious reformers. Jiří Langer gives a vivid description of shokeling among Belz Chassidim in early 20th century Europe.
Interpretations
Simon Brainin thinks that the practice was historically done "to afford the body exercise during study and prayer, which took up a large portion of the time of a great number of Jews".
Yehuda Halevi (12th century) wrote that the habit began as a result of a shortage of books, forcing people to hover over a single codex laid on the ground, each one bending in turn to read a passage.
Moshe Isserlis (16th century) mentioned a custom to sway during Torah study to recall the giving of the Torah in which the people trembled, and to sway during prayer to recall which speaks of "all of one's bones" praising God.
Shuckeling is believed to increase concentration and emotional intensity. In Chassidic lore, it is seen as an expression of the soul's desire to abandon the body and reunite itself with its source, similar to a flame's shaking back and forth as if to free itself from the wick.
The Baal Shem Tov, the 18th century founder of Hasidic Judaism, notes in his ethical testament, Tzavaat HaRivash, that the swaying in prayer is similar and connected to the act of copulation. He writes, "prayer is zivug (coupling) with the Shechinah. Just as there is motion at the beginning of coupling, so, too, one must move (sway) at the beginning of prayer. Thereafter one can stand still, without motion, attached to the Shechinah with great deveikut."
References
External links
The Meaning of Shokeling
"Rosh Hashanah Rock Anthem"
Jewish services
Jewish prayer and ritual texts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuckling |
Autism therapies include a wide variety of therapies that help people with autism, or their families. Such methods of therapy seek to aid autistic people in dealing with difficulties and increase their functional independence.
Many therapies marketed towards autistic people and/or their parents claim outcomes that have not been supported by Level of Research (LOE) Level 1 (highest level assigned based on the methodological quality of their design, validity, and applicability to patient care). Level 1 research includes evidence from a systematic review or meta-analysis of all relevant RCTs (randomized controlled trial) or evidence-based clinical practice guidelines based on systematic reviews of RCTs or three or more RCTs of good quality that have similar results.
Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by differences in reciprocal social interaction and communication as well as restricted, repetitive interests, behaviors, or activities. As of 2023, no therapy exists to eliminate autism within someone, let alone to a high degree of viability. Treatment is typically catered to the person's needs. Treatments fall into two major categories: educational interventions and medical management. Training and support are also given to families of those diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs).
Studies of interventions have some methodological problems that prevent definitive conclusions about efficacy. Although many psychosocial interventions have some positive evidence, suggesting that some form of treatment is preferable to no treatment, the systematic reviews have reported that the quality of these studies has generally been poor, their clinical results are mostly tentative, and there is little evidence for the relative effectiveness of treatment options. Intensive, sustained special education programs and behavior therapy early in life can help children with ASD acquire self-care, social, and job skills, and often can improve functioning, and decrease severity of the signs and observed behaviors thought of as maladaptive; Available approaches include applied behavior analysis (ABA), developmental models, structured teaching, speech and language therapy, social skills therapy, and occupational therapy. Occupational therapists work with autistic children by creating interventions that promote social interaction like sharing and cooperation. They also support the autistic child by helping them work through a dilemma as the OT imitates the child and waiting for a response from the child. Educational interventions have some effectiveness in children: intensive ABA treatment has demonstrated effectiveness in enhancing global functioning in preschool children, and is well established for improving intellectual performance of young children. Neuropsychological reports are often poorly communicated to educators, resulting in a gap between what a report recommends and what education is provided. The limited research on the effectiveness of adult residential programs shows mixed results.
Historically, "conventional" pharmacotherapy has been used to reduce reduce behaviors and sensitivities associated with ASD. Many such treatments have been prescribed off-label in order to target specific symptoms.
Today, medications are primarily prescribed to autistic adults to avoid any adverse effects in the developing brains of children. Therapy treatments, like behavioural or immersive therapies, are gaining popularity in the treatment plans of autistic children.
Depending on symptomology, one or multiple psychotropic medications may be prescribed. Namely antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and antipsychotics.
As of 2008 the treatments prescribed to children with ASD were expensive; indirect costs are more so. For someone born in 2000, a U.S. study estimated an average discounted lifetime cost of $ ( dollars, inflation-adjusted from 2003 estimate), with about 10% medical care, 30% extra education and other care, and 60% lost economic productivity. A UK study estimated discounted lifetime costs at £ and £ for an autistic person with and without intellectual disability, respectively ( pounds, inflation-adjusted from 2005/06 estimate). Legal rights to treatment are complex, vary with location and age, and require advocacy by caregivers. Publicly supported programs are often inadequate or inappropriate for a given child, and unreimbursed out-of-pocket medical or therapy expenses are associated with likelihood of family financial problems; one 2008 U.S. study found a 14% average loss of annual income in families of children with ASD, and a related study found that ASD is associated with higher probability that child care problems will greatly affect parental employment. After childhood, key treatment issues include residential care, job training and placement, sexuality, social skills, and estate planning.
Educational interventions
Educational interventions attempt to help children not only to learn academic subjects and gain traditional readiness skills, but also to improve functional communication and spontaneity, enhance social skills such as joint attention, develop cognitive skills such as symbolic play, reduce disruptive behavior, and generalize learned skills by applying them to new situations. Several program models have been developed, which in practice often overlap and share many features, including:
early intervention that is not dependent upon a definitive diagnosis;
intense intervention, at least 25 hours per week, 12 months per year;
low student/teacher ratio;
family involvement, including training of parents;
interaction with neurotypical peers;
social stories, ABA and other visually based training;
structure that includes predictable routine and clear physical boundaries to lessen distraction; and
ongoing measurement of a systematically planned intervention, resulting in adjustments as needed.
Several educational intervention methods are available, as discussed below. They can take place at home, at school, or at a center devoted to autism treatment; they can be implemented by parents, teachers, speech and language therapists, and occupational therapists. A 2007 study found that augmenting a center-based program with weekly home visits by a special education teacher improved cognitive development and behavior.
Studies of interventions have methodological flaws that prevent definitive conclusions about efficacy. Although many psychosocial interventions have some positive evidence, suggesting that some form of treatment is preferable to no treatment, the methodological quality of systematic reviews of these studies has generally been poor, their clinical results are mostly tentative, and there is little evidence for the relative effectiveness of treatment options. Concerns about outcome measures, such as their inconsistent use, most greatly affect how the results of scientific studies are interpreted. A 2009 Minnesota study found that parents follow behavioral treatment recommendations significantly less often than they follow medical recommendations, and that they adhere more often to reinforcement than to punishment recommendations. Intensive, sustained special education programs and behavior therapy early in life can help children acquire self-care, social, and job skills, and often improve functioning and decrease symptom severity and maladaptive behaviors; claims that intervention by around age three years is crucial are not substantiated.
National education policies
U.S.
In the United States, there have been three major policies addressing special education in the United States. These policies were the Education for All Handicapped Children Act in 1975, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act in 1997, and the No Child Left Behind in 2001. The development of those policies showed increased guidelines for special education and requirements; such as requiring states to fund special education, equality of opportunities, help with transitions after secondary schooling, requiring extra qualifications for special education teachers, and creating a more specific class setting for those with disabilities. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, specifically had a large impact on special education as public schools were then required to employ high qualified staff. In 2009, for one to be a Certified Autism Specialist the requirements included: a master's degree, two years of career experience working with the autism population, earn 14 continuing education hours in autism every two years, and register with the International Institute of Education.
Perceived disadvantages of autistic people in the U.S. in the 2010s
Martha Nussbaum discusses how education is one of the fertile functions that is important for the development of a person and their ability to achieve a multitude of other capabilities within society. Autism causes many symptoms that interfere with a child's ability to receive a proper education such as deficits in imitation, observational learning, and receptive and expressive communication. As of 2014, of all disabilities affecting the population, autism ranked third lowest in acceptance into a postsecondary education institution. In a 2012 study funded by the National Institute of Health, Shattuck et al. found that only 35% of autistics are enrolled in a 2 or 4 year college within the first two years after leaving high school compared to 40% of children who have a learning disability. Due to the growing need for a college education to obtain a job, this statistic shows how autistics are at a disadvantage in gaining many of the capabilities that Nussbaum discusses and makes education more than just a type of therapy for those with autism. According to the 2012 study by Shattuck, only 55% of children with autism participated in any paid employment within the first two years after high school. Furthermore, those with autism that come from low income families tend to have lower success in postsecondary schooling.
Oftentimes, schools lacked the resources to create (what at the time was considered) an optimal classroom setting for those 'in need of special education'. In 2014 in the United States, it could cost between $6,595 to $10,421 extra to educate a child with autism. In the 2011–2012 school year, the average cost of education for a public school student was $12,401. In 2015, some cases, the extra cost required to educate a child with autism nearly doubled the average cost to educate the average public school student. As the abilities of autistic people varies highly, it is highly challenging to create a standardized curriculum that will fit all autistic learning needs. In the United States, in 2014 many school districts required schools to meet the needs of disabled students, regardless of the number of children with disabilities there are in the school. This combined with a shortage of licensed special education teachers has created a deficiency in the special education system. in 2011 the shortage caused some states to give temporary special education licenses to teachers with the caveat that they receive a license within a few years.
Mexico
In 1993, Mexico passed an education law that called for the inclusion of those with disabilities. This law was very important for Mexico education, however, there have been issues in implementing it due to a lack of resources.
United Nations and internationally
There have also been multiple international groups that have issued reports addressing issues in special education. The United Nations on "International Norms and Standards relating to Disability" in 1998. This report cites multiple conventions, statements, declarations, and other reports such as: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, The Salamanca Statement, the Sundberg Declaration, the Copenhagen Declaration and Programme of Action, and many others. One main point that the report emphasizes is the necessity for education to be a human right. The report also states that the "quality of education should be equal to that of persons without disabilities." The other main points brought up by the report discuss integrated education, special education classes as supplementary, teacher training, and equality for vocational education. The United Nations also releases a report by the Special Rapporteur that has a focus on persons with disabilities. In 2015, a report titled "Report of the Special Rapporteur to the 52nd Session of the Commission for Social Development: Note by the Secretary-General on Monitoring of the implementation of the Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities" was released. This report focused on looking at how the many countries involved, with a focus on Africa, have handled policy regarding persons with disabilities. In this discussion, the author also focuses on the importance of education for persons with disabilities as well as policies that could help improve the education system such as a move towards a more inclusive approach. The World Health Organization has also published a report addressing people with disabilities and within this there is a discussion on education in their "World Report on Disability" in 2011. Other organizations that have issued reports discussing the topic are UNESCO, UNICEF, and the World Bank.
Applied behavior analysis
Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is the applied research field of the science of behavior analysis, and it underpins a wide range of techniques used to treat autism and many other behaviors and diagnoses, including those who are patients in rehab or in whom a behavior change is desired. ABA-based interventions focus on teaching tasks one-on-one using the behaviorist principles of stimulus, response and reward, and on reliable measurement and objective evaluation of observed behavior. There is wide variation in the professional practice of behavior analysis and among the assessments and interventions used in school-based ABA programs. Conversely, various major figures within the autism community have written biographies detailing the harm caused by the provision of ABA, including restraint, sometimes used with mild self stimulatory behaviors such as hand flapping, and verbal abuse. Punishment procedures are very rarely used within the field today; these procedures were once used in the 70s and 80s however now there are ethical guidelines in place to prohibit the use.
The use of technology has begun to be implemented in ABA therapy for the treatment of autism. Robots, gamification, image processing, story boards, augmented reality, and web systems have been shown to be useful in the treatment of autism. These technologies are used to teach children with autism skill acquisition. The web programs were designed to address skills such as attention, social behavior, communication, and/or reading.
ABA has faced a great deal of criticism over the years. Recently, studies have shown that ABA may be abusive and can increase PTSD symptoms in patients. The Autistic Self Advocacy Network campaigns against the use of ABA in autism.
Discrete trial training
Many intensive behavioral interventions rely heavily on discrete trial teaching (DTT) methods, which use stimulus-response-reward techniques to teach foundational skills such as attention, compliance, and imitation. However, children have problems using DTT-taught skills in natural environments. These students are also taught with naturalistic teaching procedures to help generalize these skills. In functional assessment, a common technique, a teacher formulates a clear description of a problem behavior, identifies antecedents, consequences, and other environmental factors that influence and maintain the behavior, develops hypotheses about what occasions and maintains the behavior, and collects observations to support the hypotheses. A few more-comprehensive ABA programs use multiple assessment and intervention methods individually and dynamically.
ABA-based techniques have demonstrated effectiveness in several controlled studies: children have been shown to make sustained gains in academic performance, adaptive behavior, and language, with outcomes significantly better than control groups. A 2009 review of educational interventions for children, whose mean age was six years or less at intake, found that the higher-quality studies all assessed ABA, that ABA is well-established and no other educational treatment is considered probably efficacious, and that intensive ABA treatment, carried out by trained therapists, is demonstrated effective in enhancing global functioning in pre-school children. These gains maybe complicated by initial IQ. A 2008 evidence-based review of comprehensive treatment approaches found that ABA is well established for improving intellectual performance of young children with ASD. A 2009 comprehensive synthesis of early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI), a form of ABA treatment, found that EIBI produces strong effects, suggesting that it can be effective for some children with autism; it also found that the large effects might be an artifact of comparison groups with treatments that have yet to be empirically validated, and that no comparisons between EIBI and other widely recognized treatment programs have been published. A 2009 systematic review came to the same principal conclusion that EIBI is effective for some but not all children, with wide variability in response to treatment; it also suggested that any gains are likely to be greatest in the first year of intervention. A 2009 meta-analysis concluded that EIBI has a large effect on full-scale intelligence and a moderate effect on adaptive behavior. However, a 2009 systematic review and meta-analysis found that applied behavior intervention (ABI), another name for EIBI, did not significantly improve outcomes compared with standard care of preschool children with ASD in the areas of cognitive outcome, expressive language, receptive language, and adaptive behavior. ABA is cost effective for administrators.
Recently, behavior analysts have built comprehensive models of child development (see Behavior analysis of child development) to generate models for prevention as well as treatment for autism.
Pivotal response training
Pivotal response treatment (PRT) is a naturalistic intervention derived from ABA principles. Instead of individual behaviors, it targets pivotal areas of a child's development, such as motivation, responsivity to multiple cues, self-management, and social initiations; it aims for widespread improvements in areas that are not specifically targeted. The child determines activities and objects that will be used in a PRT exchange. Intended attempts at the target behavior are rewarded with a natural reinforcer: for example, if a child attempts a request for a stuffed animal, the child receives the animal, not a piece of candy or other unrelated reinforcer.
Communication interventions
The inability to communicate, verbally or non-verbally, is a core deficit in autism. Children with autism are often engaged in repetitive activity or other behaviors because they cannot convey their intent any other way. They do not know how to communicate their ideas to caregivers or others. Helping a child with autism learn to communicate their needs and ideas is absolutely core to any intervention. Communication can either be verbal or non-verbal. Children with autism require intensive intervention to learn how to communicate their intent.
Communication interventions fall into two major categories. First, many autistic children do not speak, or have little speech, or have difficulties in effective use of language. Social skills have been shown to be effective in treating children with autism. Interventions that attempt to improve communication are commonly conducted by speech and language therapists, and work on joint attention, communicative intent, and alternative or augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) methods such as visual methods, for example visual schedules. AAC methods do not appear to impede speech and may result in modest gains. A 2006 study reported benefits both for joint attention intervention and for symbolic play intervention, and a 2007 study found that joint attention intervention is more likely than symbolic play intervention to cause children to engage later in shared interactions.
Second, social skills treatment attempts to increase social and communicative skills of autistic individuals, addressing a core deficit of autism. A wide range of intervention approaches is available, including modeling and reinforcement, adult and peer mediation strategies, peer tutoring, social games and stories, self-management, pivotal response therapy, video modeling, direct instruction, visual cuing, Circle of Friends and social-skills groups. A 2007 meta-analysis of 55 studies of school-based social skills intervention found that they were minimally effective for children and adolescents with ASD, and a 2007 review found that social skills training has minimal empirical support for children with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism.
SCERTS
The SCERTS model is an educational model for working with children with ASD. It was designed to help families, educators and therapists work cooperatively together to maximize progress in supporting the child.
The acronym refers to the focus on:
SC – social communication – the development of functional communication and emotional expression.
ER – emotional regulation – the development of well-regulated emotions and ability to cope with stress.
TS – transactional support – the implementation of supports to help families, educators and therapists respond to children's needs, adapt the environment and provide tools to enhance learning.
Relationship based, developmental models
Relationship based models give importance to the relationships that help children reach and master early developmental milestones. These are often missed or not mastered in children with ASD. Examples of these early milestones are engagement and interest in the world, intimacy with a caregiver, intentionality of action.
Relationship Development Intervention
Relationship development intervention is a family-based treatment program for children with ASD. This program is based on the belief that the development of dynamic intelligence (the ability to think flexibly, take different perspectives, cope with change and process information simultaneously) is key to improving the quality of life of children with autism.
Son-Rise
Son-Rise is a home-based program that emphasizes on implementing a color- and sensory-free playroom. Before implementing the home-based program, an institute trains the parents how to accept their child without judgment through a series of dialogue sessions. Like Floortime, parents join their child's ritualistic behavior for relationship-building. To gain the child's "willing engagement", the facilitator continues to join them only this time through parallel play. Proponents claim that children will become non-autistic after parents accept them for who they are and engage them in play. The program was started by the parents of Raun Kaufman, who is claimed to have gone from being autistic to normal via the treatment in the early 1970s. A stated goal of the program is to increase eye contact. In a 2017 qualitative study it was found that autistic people have reported to find eye contact distressing. No independent study has tested the efficacy of the program, but a 2003 study found that involvement with the program led to more drawbacks than benefits for the involved families over time, and a 2006 study found that the program is not always implemented as it is typically described in the literature, which suggests it will be difficult to evaluate its efficacy.
TEACCH
Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH), which has come to be called "structured teaching", emphasises structure by using organized physical environments, predictably sequenced activities, visual schedules and visually structured activities, and structured work/activity systems where each child can practice various tasks. Parents are taught to implement the treatment at home. A 1998 controlled trial found that children treated with a TEACCH-based home program improved significantly more than a control group. A 2013 meta-analysis compiling all the clinical trials of TEACCH indicated that it has small or no effects on perceptual, motor, verbal, cognitive, and motor functioning, communication skills, and activities of daily living. There were positive effects in social and maladaptive behavior, but these required further replication due to the methodological limitations of the pool of studies analysed.
Sensory integration
Unusual responses to sensory stimuli are more common and prominent in children with autism, although there is not good evidence that sensory symptoms differentiate autism from other developmental disorders. Several therapies have been developed to treat sensory processing disorder (SPD). Some of these treatments (for example, sensorimotor handling) have a questionable rationale and have no empirical evidence. Other treatments have been studied, with small positive outcomes, but few conclusions can be drawn due to methodological problems with the studies. These treatments include prism lenses, physical exercise, auditory integration training, and sensory stimulation or inhibition techniques such as "deep pressure"—firm touch pressure applied either manually or via an apparatus such as a hug machine or a pressure garment. Weighted vests, a popular deep-pressure therapy, have only a limited amount of scientific research available, which on balance indicates that the therapy is ineffective. Although replicable treatments have been described and valid outcome measures are known, gaps exist in knowledge related to SPD and therapy. In a 2011 Cochrane review, no evidence was found to support the use of auditory integration training as an ASD treatment method. Because empirical support is limited, systematic evaluation is needed if these interventions are used.
The term multisensory integration in simple terms means the ability to use all of ones senses to accomplish a task. Occupational therapists sometimes prescribe sensory treatments for children with Autism however in general there has been little or no scientific evidence of effectiveness.
Animal-assisted therapy
Old model
Animal-assisted therapy, where an animal such as a dog or a horse becomes a basic part of a person's treatment, was a controversial treatment for some symptoms. A 2007 meta-analysis found that animal-assisted therapy was associated with "a moderate improvement in autism spectrum symptoms". Reviews of published dolphin-assisted therapy (DAT) studies found important methodological flaws and concluded that there is no compelling scientific evidence that DAT is a legitimate therapy or that it affords any more than fleeting improvements in mood.
New model
Modern animal-assisted therapy as relating to autism is not about 'controlling autistic symptoms' but about a natural way to bring about socializing (via bridging the 'double empathy gap') and also for stress reduction. As in a 2020 program: "the remarkable adherence to the therapy program by study participants and the program's clinically relevant effects indicate that AAT with dogs can be used to reduce perceived stress and symptoms of agoraphobia, and to improve social awareness and communication in adults with ASD with normal to high intelligence." In 2021, a study was conducted on this topic, specifically on "autonomic and endocrine activity in adults with autism spectrum disorder" in part for stress reduction, particularly as for autistic people the "downside of social camouflaging is that it is a major source of stress".
Neurofeedback
Neurofeedback attempts to train individuals to regulate their brainwave patterns by letting them observe their brain activity more directly. In its most traditional form, the output of EEG electrodes is fed into a computer that controls a game-like audiovisual display. Neurofeedback has been evaluated 'with positive results for ASD', but studies have lacked random assignment to controls. This research is ongoing as of 2019 though now focused on "improving attention" and "reducing anxiety".
Patterning
Patterning is a set of exercises that attempts to improve the organization of a child's neurologic impairments. It has been used for decades to treat children with several unrelated neurologic disorders, including autism. The method, taught at The Institutes for the Achievement of Human Potential, is based on oversimplified theories and is not supported by carefully designed research studies.
Other methods
There are many simple methods such as priming, prompt delivery, picture schedules, peer tutoring, and cooperative learning, that have been proven to help autistic students to prepare for class and to understand the material better. Priming is done by allowing the students to see the assignment or material before they are shown in class. Prompt delivery consists of giving prompts to the autistic children in order to elicit a response to the academic material. Picture schedules are used to outline the progression of a class and are visual cues to allow autistic children to know when changes in the activity are coming up. This method has proven to be very useful in helping the students follow the activities. Peer tutoring and cooperative learning are ways in which an autistic student and a nondisabled student are paired together in the learning process. This has shown be very effective for "increasing both academic success and social interaction." There are more specific strategies that have been shown to improve an autistic's education, such as LEAP, Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children, and Non-Model-Specific Special Education Programs for preschoolers. LEAP is "an intensive 12-month program that focuses on providing a highly structured and safe environment that helps students to participate in and derive benefit from educational programming" and focuses on children from 5-21 who have a more severe case of autism. The goal of the program is to develop functional independence through academic instruction, vocational/translational curriculum, speech/language services, and other services personalized for each student. While LEAP, TEACCH, and Non-Model Specific Special Education Programs are all different strategies, there has been no evidence that one is more effective than the other.
Environmental enrichment
Environmental enrichment is concerned with how the brain is affected by the stimulation of its information processing provided by its surroundings (including the opportunity to interact socially). Brains in richer, more-stimulating environments, have increased numbers of synapses, and the dendrite arbors upon which they reside are more complex. This effect happens particularly during neurodevelopment, but also to a lesser degree in adulthood. With extra synapses there is also increased synapse activity and so increased size and number of glial energy-support cells. Capillary vasculation also is greater to provide the neurons and glial cells with extra energy. The neuropil (neurons, glial cells, capillaries, combined) expands making the cortex thicker. There may also exist (at least in rodents) more neurons.
Research on nonhuman animals finds that more-stimulating environments could aid the treatment and recovery of a diverse variety of brain-related dysfunctions, including Alzheimer's disease and those connected to aging, whereas a lack of stimulation might impair cognitive development.
Research on humans suggests that lack of stimulation (deprivation—such as in old-style orphanages) delays and impairs cognitive development. Research also finds that higher levels of education (which is both cognitively stimulating in itself, and associates with people engaging in more challenging cognitive activities) results in greater resilience (cognitive reserve) to the effects of aging and dementia.
Massage therapy
A review of massage therapy as a symptomatic treatment of autism found limited evidence of benefit. There were few high quality studies, and due to the risk of bias found in the studies analyzed, no firm conclusions about the efficacy of massage therapy could be drawn.
Music
Music therapy uses the elements of music to let people express their feelings and communicate. A 2014 review (updated in 2022) found that music therapy may help in social interactions and communication.
Music therapy can involve various techniques depending on where the subject is sitting on the ASD scale. Somebody who may be considered as 'low-functioning' would require vastly different treatment to somebody on the ASD scale who is 'high-functioning'. Examples of these types of therapeutic techniques include:
Free improvisation – No boundaries or skills required
Structured improvisation – Some established parameters within the music
Performing or recreating music – Reproducing a pre-composed piece of music or song with associated activities
Composing music – Creating music that caters to the specific needs of that person using instruments or the voice
Listening – Engaging in specific musical listening base exercises
Improvisational Music Therapy (IMT), is increasing in popularity as a therapeutic technique being applied to children with ASD. The process of IMT occurs when the client and therapist make up music, through the use of various instruments, song and movement. The specific needs of each child or client need to be taken into consideration. Some children with ASD find their different environments chaotic and confusing, therefore, IMT sessions require the presence of a certain routine and be predictable in nature, within their interactions and surroundings. Music can provide all of this, it can be very predictable, it is highly repetitious with its melodies and sounds, but easily varied with phrasing, rhythm and dynamics giving it a controlled flexibility. The allowance of parents or caregivers to sessions can put the child at ease and allow for activities to be incorporated into everyday life.
Sensory enrichment therapy
In all interventions for autistic children, the main strategy is to aim towards the improvement on sensitivity in all senses. Autistic children may lack the ability to name or even feel their own emotions. This can also impact relating to other peoples emotions and infering the moods of others. Many autistic children also live with a Sensory Processing Disorder. In sensory-based interventions, there have been signs of progress in children responding with an appropriate response when given a stimulus after being in sensory-based therapies for a period of time. However, at this time, there is no concrete evidence that these therapies are effective for autistic children. Autism spectrum disorder varies from child to child, which can make it challenging for clinicians to assess and know what therapies to apply.
The purpose of these differentiated interventions are to intervene at the neurological level of the brain in hopes to develop appropriate responses to the different sensations from one's body and also to outside stimuli in one's environment. Scientist have used music therapies, massage therapies, occupational therapies and more. With the Autistic Spectrum being so diverse and widespread, each case or scenario is different.
Mindfulness
Emerging evidence for mindfulness-based interventions for improving mental health in adults with autism has support through a recent systematic review. This includes evidence for decreasing stress, anxiety, ruminating thoughts, anger, and aggression.
Parent-mediated interventions
Parent-mediated interventions offer support and practical advice to parents of autistic children. A 2013 Cochrane Review found that there was no evidence of gains in most of the primary measures of the studies (e.g., the child's adaptive behaviour), however there was strong evidence for a positive pattern of change in parent-child interactions. There was some uncertain evidence of changes in the child's language and communication. A very small number of randomized and controlled studies suggest that parent training can lead to reduced maternal depression, improved maternal knowledge of autism and communication style, and improved child communicative behavior, but due to the design and number of studies available, definitive evidence of effectiveness is not available.
Early detection of ASD in children can often occur before a child reaches the age of three years old. Methods that target early behavior can influence the quality of life for a child with ASD. Parents can learn methods of interaction and behavior management to best assist their child's development. A 2013 Cochrance review concluded that there were some improvements when parent intervention was used.
Medical management
Drugs, supplements, or diets are often used to alter physiology in an attempt to relieve common autistic symptoms such as seizures, sleep disturbances, irritability, and hyperactivity that can interfere with education or social adaptation or (more rarely) cause autistic individuals to harm themselves or others. There is plenty of anecdotal evidence to support medical treatment; many parents who try one or more therapies report some progress, and there are a few well-publicized reports of children who are able to return to mainstream education after treatment, with dramatic improvements in health and well-being. However, this evidence may be confounded by improvements seen in autistic children who grow up without treatment, by the difficulty of verifying reports of improvements, and by the lack of reporting of treatments' negative outcomes. Only a very few medical treatments are well supported by scientific evidence using controlled experiments.
Medication
Many medications are used to treat problems associated with ASD. More than half of U.S. children diagnosed with ASD are prescribed psychoactive drugs or anticonvulsants, with the most common drug classes being antidepressants, stimulants, and antipsychotics. Only the antipsychotics have clearly demonstrated efficacy.
Between the 1950s and 1970s LSD was studied, however, has not been studied in this capacity since.
Research has focused on atypical antipsychotics, especially risperidone, which has the largest amount of evidence that consistently shows improvements in irritability, self-injury, aggression, and tantrums associated with ASD. Risperidone is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating symptomatic irritability in autistic children and adolescents. In short-term trials (up to six months) most adverse events were mild to moderate, with weight gain, drowsiness, and high blood sugar requiring monitoring; long term efficacy and safety have not been fully determined. It is unclear whether risperidone improves autism's core social and communication deficits. The FDA's decision was based in part on a study of autistic children with severe and enduring problems of tantrums, aggression, and self-injury; risperidone is not recommended for autistic children with mild aggression and explosive behavior without an enduring pattern.
Other drugs are prescribed off-label in the U.S., which means they have not been approved for treating ASD. Large placebo-controlled studies of olanzapine and aripiprazole were underway in early 2008. Aripiprazole may be effective for treating autism in the short term, but is also associated with side effects, such as weight gain and sedation.
Some selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and dopamine blockers can reduce some maladaptive behaviors associated with ASD. Although SSRIs reduce levels of repetitive behavior in autistic adults, a 2009 multisite randomized controlled study found no benefit and some adverse effects in children from the SSRI citalopram, raising doubts whether SSRIs are effective for treating repetitive behavior in autistic children. A further study of related medical reviews determined that the prescription of SSRI antidepressants for treating ASDs in children lacked any evidence, and could not be recommended.
Reviews of evidence found that the psychostimulant methylphenidate may be efficacious against hyperactivity and possibly impulsivity associated with ASD, although the findings were limited by low quality evidence. There was no evidence that methylphenidate "has a negative impact on the core symptoms of ASD, or that it improves social interaction, stereotypical behaviours, or overall ASD." Of the many medications studied for treatment of aggressive and self-injurious behavior in children and adolescents with autism, only risperidone and methylphenidate demonstrate results that have been replicated.
A 1998 study of the hormone secretin reported improved symptoms and generated tremendous interest, but several controlled studies since have found no benefit. An experimental drug STX107 has stopped overproduction of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in rodents, and it has been hypothesized that this may help in about 5% of autism cases, but this hypothesis has not been tested in humans.
Oxytocin may play a role in autism and may be a possible treatment for repetitive and affiliative behaviors; Two related studies in adults found that oxytocin decreased repetitive behaviors and improved interpretation of emotions, but these preliminary results do not necessarily apply to children. Recent research suggests that oxytocin may decrease the noisiness of the brain's auditory system, increasing perception of social cues and the ability to react in social situations. However, the cues detected may not always be positive: increasing awareness of a trusted adult may be beneficial, but increasing awareness of an aggressor may increase distress. The possibility that oxytocin's effects are context-dependent means that its use as a treatment in ASD should be carefully monitored. According to a 2022 systematic review/network meta-analysis, evidence from large trials didn't show efficacy in children/adolescent for oxytocin and balovaptan (both vasopressin-V1A receptor antagonist), however in adults oxytocin improved repetitive behaviors with small-to-medium effect-sizes and moderate-quality evidence (this result needs to be replicated since participants were mainly high-functioning autistic and age-dependent treatment response isn't excluded). Moreover, according to the same systematic review/network meta-analysis, based on two large studies balovaptan wasn't found efficiacious in adults, but small improvements in quality of life were noted.
Aside from antipsychotics, there is scant reliable research about the effectiveness or safety of drug treatments for adolescents and adults with ASD. Results of the handful of randomized controlled trials that have been performed suggest that risperidone, the SSRI fluvoxamine, and the typical antipsychotic haloperidol may be effective in reducing some behaviors, that haloperidol may be more effective than the tricyclic antidepressant clomipramine, and that the opioid antagonist naltrexone hydrochloride is not effective. In small studies, memantine has been shown to significantly improve language function and social behavior in children with autism. Research is underway on the effects of memantine in adults with ASDs. A person with ASD may respond atypically to medications and the medications can have adverse side effects.
Prosthetics
Unlike conventional neuromotor prostheses, neurocognitive prostheses would sense or modulate neural function in order to physically reconstitute cognitive processes such as executive function and language. No neurocognitive prostheses are currently available but the development of implantable neurocognitive brain-computer interfaces has been proposed to help treat conditions such as autism.
Affective computing devices, typically with image or voice recognition capabilities, have been proposed to help autistic individuals improve their social communication skills. These devices are still under development. Robots have also been proposed as educational aids for autistic children.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Transcranial magnetic stimulation, which is a somewhat well established treatment for depression, has been proposed, and used, as a treatment for autism. A review published in 2013 found insufficient evidence to support its widespread use for ASDs. A 2015 review found tentative but insufficient evidence to justify its use outside of clinical studies. New findings show TMS can positively affect gamma brainwave oscillations and help improve performance accuracy.
Alternative medicine
Many alternative therapies and interventions used to be popular in the 1990s and early 2000s, ranging from elimination diets to chelation therapy, though few were supported by scientific studies. Treatment approaches lacked empirical support in quality-of-life contexts, and many programs focused on success measures that lack predictive validity and real-world relevance. Scientific evidence appeared to matter less to service providers than program marketing, training availability, and parent requests. Back then, it was presumed that even if they did not help, conservative treatments such as changes in diet were "expected to be harmless aside from their bother and cost" except that didn't take into account the mental health toll that attitude would have on the children in question who are now adults speaking out against such practices.
Acupuncture
Acupuncture was studied and has not been found to be 'helpful in treating autism'.
Hyperbaric oxygen
In 2007 further studies were needed in order for practitioners and families to make more conclusive and valid decisions concerning HBOT treatments. One small 2009 double-blind study of autistic children found that 40 hourly treatments of 24% oxygen at 1.3 atmospheres provided significant improvement in the children's behavior immediately after treatment sessions but this study has not been independently confirmed. This spawned a relatively large-scale controlled studies since to investigate HBOT. For example, in 2010 using treatments of 24% oxygen at 1.3 atmospheres, though it found less promising results. A 2010 double-blind study compared HBOT to a placebo treatment in children with autistic disorder. Both direct observational measures of behavioral symptoms and standardized psychological assessments were used to evaluate the treatment. No differences were found between the HBOT group and the placebo group on any of the outcome measures. A second 2011 single-subject design study also investigated the effects of 40 HBOT treatments of 24% oxygen at 1.3 atmospheres on directly observed behaviors using multiple baselines across 16 participants. Again, no consistent outcomes were observed across any group and further, no significant improvements were observed within any individual participant. Together, these studies suggest that HBOT at 24% oxygen at 1.3 atmospheric pressure does not result in a clinically significant improvement of the behavioral symptoms of autistic disorder. Nonetheless, news reports and related blogs indicated that HBOT was used for many cases of children with autism in the 2010s.
When considering the financial and time investments required in order to participate in this treatment and the inconsistency of the present findings, HBOT seems to be a riskier and thus, often less favorable. As of May 2011 HBOT could cost up to $150 per hour with individuals using anywhere from 40 to 120 hours as a part of their integrated treatment programs. In addition, purchasing (at $8,495–27,995) and renting ($1,395 per month) of the HBOT chambers is another option some families use.
As of 2017, "Hyperbaric oxygen therapy provides a higher concentration of oxygen delivered in a chamber or tube containing higher than sea level atmospheric pressure. Case series and randomized controlled trials show no evidence to support the benefit of HBOT for children with ASD. Only 1 randomized controlled trial reported effectiveness of this treatment, and those results have yet to be repeated."
Chiropractic
Chiropractic is an alternative medical practice whose main hypothesis is that mechanical disorders of the spine affect general health via the nervous system, and whose main treatment is spinal manipulation. A significant portion of the profession rejects vaccination, as traditional chiropractic philosophy equates vaccines to poison. Most chiropractic writings on vaccination focus on its negative aspects, claiming that it is hazardous, ineffective, and unnecessary, and in some cases suggesting that vaccination causes autism or that chiropractors should be the primary contact for treatment of autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Chiropractic treatment has not been shown to be effective for medical conditions other than back pain, and there is insufficient scientific evidence to make conclusions about chiropractic care for autism.
Craniosacral therapy
Craniosacral therapy is an alternative medical practice whose main hypothesis is that restrictions at cranial sutures of the skull affect rhythmic impulses conveyed via cerebrospinal fluid, and that gentle pressure on external areas can improve the flow and balance of the supply of this fluid to the brain, relieving symptoms of many conditions. There is no scientific support for major elements of the underlying model, there is little scientific evidence to support the therapy, and research methods that could conclusively evaluate the therapy's effectiveness have not been applied. No published studies are available on the use of this therapy for autism.
Chelation therapy
Based on the speculation that heavy metal poisoning may trigger the symptoms of autism, particularly in small subsets of individuals who cannot excrete toxins effectively, some parents have turned to alternative medicine practitioners who provide detoxification treatments via chelation therapy. However, evidence to support this practice has been anecdotal and not rigorous. Strong epidemiological evidence refutes links between environmental triggers, in particular thiomersal-containing vaccines, and the onset of autistic symptoms. In 2002 Thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide (TTFD) was hypothesized to act as a chelating agent in children with autism and a 2002 pilot study administered TTFD rectally to ten autism spectrum children, and seemed to find beneficial clinical effect. This study has not been replicated, and a 2006 review of thiamine by the same author did not mention thiamine's possible effect on autism. There is not sufficient evidence to support the use of thiamine (vitamin B1) to treat autism. Dubious invasive treatments are a much more serious matter: for example, in 2005, botched chelation therapy killed a five-year-old boy with autism.
No scientific data supports the claim that the mercury in the vaccine preservative thiomersal causes autism or its symptoms, and there is no scientific support for chelation therapy as a treatment for autism.
Diets and dietary supplements
1990s hypotheses
In the early 1990s, it was hypothesized that autism could be caused or aggravated by opioid peptides like casomorphine that are metabolic products of gluten and casein. Based on that hypothesis, diets that eliminate foods containing either gluten or casein, or both, are widely promoted, and many testimonials can be found describing benefits in autism-related symptoms, notably social engagement and verbal skills. Studies supporting those claims had significant flaws, so those data were inadequate to guide treatment recommendations. Vitamin C decreased stereotyped behavior in a small 1993 study. The study had not been replicated as of 2005, and vitamin C had limited popularity as an autism treatment. High doses might cause kidney stones or gastrointestinal upset such as diarrhea.
2000-2014 hypotheses and research
In the early 2000s, many parents gave their children dietary supplements in an attempt to 'treat autism' or to 'alleviate its symptoms'. The range of supplements given was wide and few are supported by scientific data.
In 2005, it was thought that: although some children with autism also have gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, there is a lack of published rigorous data to support the theory that autistic children have more or different GI symptoms than usual; studies report conflicting results, and the relationship between GI problems and ASD is unclear. Atypical eating behavior was thought to occur in about three-quarters of children with ASD, to the extent that it was formerly a diagnostic indicator. Selectivity is the most common problem, although eating rituals and food refusal also occur; at the time it did not appear to result in malnutrition in studies. Other elimination diets were also proposed, targeting salicylates, food dyes, yeast, and simple sugars. No scientific evidence has established the efficacy of such diets in 'treating autism' in children. An elimination diet may create nutritional deficiencies that harm overall health unless care is taken to assure proper nutrition.
In 2006 studies suggested that complementary and alternative medical (CAM) therapy use in children with chronic illnesses is higher than in children in the general population. In a study by Helen H L Wong and Ronald G Smith, they investigated patterns of CAM therapy use in children diagnosed with ASD (n = 50) as compared to a control population of children with no ASD (n = 50). Over half of the parents in the ASD group reported using, or had used at least one CAM therapy for their child (52%) as compared to 28% of the control group (P = 0.024). Seventy percent of therapies used in the ASD group were biologically based therapies consisting of special diets or supplements, and parents felt that 75% of the therapies used were beneficial.
For example, a 2008 study found that autistic boys on casein-free diets had significantly thinner bones than usual, presumably because the diets contribute to calcium and vitamin D deficiencies. A 2009 review found some low-quality evidence to support the use of vitamin B6 in combination with magnesium at high doses, but the evidence was equivocal and the review noted the possible danger of fatal hypermagnesemia. A 2005 Cochrane Review of the evidence for the use of B6 and magnesium found that "[d]ue to the small number of studies, the methodological quality of studies, and small sample sizes, no recommendation can be advanced regarding the use of B6-Mg as a treatment for autism."
Probiotics containing potentially beneficial bacteria were hypothesized to 'relieve some symptoms of autism' by minimizing yeast overgrowth in the colon. The hypothesized yeast overgrowth has not been confirmed by endoscopy, the mechanism connecting yeast overgrowth to autism is only hypothetical, and no clinical trials as of 2005 had been published in the peer-reviewed literature.
Dimethylglycine (DMG) was hypothesized to improve speech and 'reduce autistic behaviors', and was a commonly used supplement. Two double-blind, placebo-controlled studies found no statistically significant effect on 'autistic behaviors', and no peer-reviewed studies have addressed treatment with the related compound trimethylglycine.
Melatonin is sometimes used to manage sleep problems. Adverse effects were generally reported to be mild, including drowsiness, headache, dizziness, and nausea; however, an increase in seizure frequency was reported among susceptible children. Several small RCTs indicated that melatonin was effective in treating insomnia in autistic children, but further large studies are needed. A 2013 literature review found 20 studies that reported improvements in sleep parameters as a result of melatonin supplementation, and concluded that "the administration of exogenous melatonin for abnormal sleep parameters in ASD is evidence-based."
Although omega-3 fatty acids, which are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), were 'a popular treatment for children with ASD' in the 2000s and 2010s, there is very little high-quality scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness. Several other supplements were hypothesized 'to relieve autism symptoms', including BDTH2, carnosine, cholesterol, cyproheptadine, D-cycloserine, folic acid, glutathione, metallothionein promoters, other PUFA such as omega-6 fatty acids, tryptophan, tyrosine, thiamine (see Chelation therapy), vitamin B12, and zinc. These lack reliable scientific evidence of efficacy or safety in treatment of autism.
2015–Present research
It is now known that "children with ASD are at risk of having alimentary tract disorders – mainly, they are at a greater risk of general gastrointestinal (GI) concerns, constipation, diarrhea, and abdominal pain" and as succinctly summarized the Mayo Clinic website in 2019, "Yes, children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) tend to have more medical issues, including gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as abdominal pain, constipation and diarrhea, compared with their peers." Presently, there is not 'a diet for autism' just advice to not ingest things the individual's body seems to reject, for example: gluten if the person happens to have Celiac disease. As of 2021, "there is no clinical evidence for applying specific (e.g., gluten-free or pro-biotic) diets" to the topic of autism.
Electroconvulsive therapy
In 2009 studies indicated that 12–17% of adolescents and young adults with autism satisfy diagnostic criteria for catatonia, which is loss of or hyperactive motor activity. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) have been used to treat cases of catatonia and related conditions in people with autism but as of 2009 no controlled trials had been performed of ECT in autism, and there are serious ethical and legal obstacles to its use.
Stem cell therapy
2007-2012
Mesenchymal stem cells and cord blood CD34+ cells have been proposed to treat autism in 2007 and as of 2012 it was thought they may represent a future treatment. Since immune system deregulation has been implicated in autism, mesenchymal stem cells show the greatest promise as treatment for the disorder. Changes in the innate and adaptive immune system have been observed- those with autism show an imbalance in CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells, as well as in NK cells. In addition, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) overproduce IL-1β. It was theorized that MSC mediated immune suppressive activity could restore this immune imbalance.
Other
Pseudoscience
A number of naturopathic practitioners claim that CEASE therapy, a mixture of homeopathy, supplements and 'vaccine detoxing', can help people with autism however no robust evidence is available for this.
Packing
In packing, children were wrapped tightly for up to an hour in wet sheets that have been refrigerated, with only their heads left free. The treatment was repeated several times a week, and could continue for years. It was intended as treatment for autistic children who harm themselves and mostly children who could not speak. Similar envelopment techniques had been used for centuries, such as to calm violent patients in Germany in the 19th century; it was re-popularized in France in the 1960s, based on psychoanalytic theories such as the theory of the refrigerator mother. As of 2007, packing was used in hundreds of French clinics. There was no scientific evidence for the effectiveness of packing in 2007, and there was some concern about risk of adverse health effects. As of 2019: "The main French associations of parents with autistic children succeeded in obtaining the prohibition of packing, announced by the French Secretary of State to the Ministry of Health in April 2016."
Religious abuse as treatment
Exorcism
The Table Talk of Martin Luther contains the story of a twelve-year-old boy who some believe was 'severely autistic'. According to Luther's notetaker Mathesius, Luther thought the boy was a soulless mass of flesh possessed by the devil, and suggested that he be suffocated.
In 2003, an autistic boy in Wisconsin suffocated during an exorcism by an Evangelical minister in which he was wrapped in sheets.
Ultraorthodox Jewish parents in Israel sometimes used spiritual and mystical interventions such as prayers, blessings, recitations of religious text, amulets, changing the child's name, and exorcism.
Shaming / Other
A 2009 study has suggested that spirituality of mothers with ASDs led to positive outcomes whereas religious activities of mothers were associated with negative outcomes for the child.
Historical outlooks
U.S., U.K., and France
Children in Britain and America would often be put in institutions on the instruction of doctors and the parents told to forget about them, for example, "in Britain, until 1961, almost all doctors regarded these symptoms as part of some general "childhood psychosis" or junior version of schizophrenia". Observer journalist Christopher Stevens, father of an autistic child, reports how a British doctor told him that after a child was admitted to such an institution, usually "nature would take its course" and the child would die due to the prevalence of tuberculosis.
Anti-cure perspective and autism rights movement
The exact cause of autism is unclear, yet some organizations advocate researching a cure. Many self-advocacy autism rights organizations such as the Autistic Self Advocacy Network view autism as a different neurology rather than as a mental disorder, advocate acceptance, and are against ABA as it is seen as trying to force conformity to "neuronormative" society.
Criticisms of most educational, social, and behavioral focused autism therapies as put forth by autistic adults, teachers, and researchers frequently fall into the idea of these programs encouraging or even training behavioral responses directed toward "camouflaging", "passing as non-autistic", or "masking". Recent studies indicate that, among autistic people, burnout and mental health difficulties associated with masking "driven by the stress of masking and living in an unaccommodating neurotypical world" is an issue (which also impacts autistic young people and children). Animal-assisted therapy used to be directed toward symptoms of autism and some studies of the programs are now directed toward burnout.
In 2018 more studies began involving the experiences of autistic adults including their experiences with general practice medicine. Subsequent related studies have focused on communication preferences of autistic adults and the idea of "the 'Autistic Advantage', a strengths-based model".
See also
Autism rights movement
Autism friendly
Effects of equine assisted therapy on autism
Equine therapy on autistic people
Ryan's Law
Special education
References
Further reading
Reviewed in:
This describes a special issue of the journal Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, titled "Treating Autism Spectrum Disorders" (volume 17, issue 4, pages 713–932) and dated October 2008.
External links
"Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)" at Therapist Neurodiversity Collective.
Treatment of autism | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism%20therapies |
The 1983 Pan American Games were held in Caracas, Venezuela from August 14 to August 29, 1983. The games were the first major international competition to include relatively accurate steroid testing.
Host city selection
Four cities submitted bids to host the 1983 Pan American Games that were recognized by the Pan American Sports Organization (PASO); however, only one city, Hamilton, Ontario submitted their bid on time. On April 23, 1977, Caracas, Venezuela was selected over Hamilton, Canada in a two-city vote to host the IX Pan American Games by the PASO at its general assembly in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Medal count
To sort this table by nation, total medal count, or any other column, click on the icon next to the column title.
Sports
Archery
Athletics
Baseball
Basketball
Boxing
Cycling
Diving
Equestrian
Fencing
Football (soccer)
Gymnastics
Field Hockey
Judo
Rowing
Sailing
Shooting
Softball
Sambo
Swimming
Synchronized swimming
Table tennis
Tennis
Volleyball
Weightlifting
Wrestling
Doping
Mascot
The 1983 Games' mascot was a lion holding a 1983 sign named Santiaguito.
References
External links
Caracas 1983 - IX Pan American Games - Official Report at PanamSports.org
Pan American Games
Pan
P
Multi-sport events in Venezuela
Pan American Games
Pan American Games
20th century in Caracas
Pan American Games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%20Pan%20American%20Games |
Sophie Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (28 November 1700 – 27 May 1770) was Queen of Denmark and Norway by marriage to King Christian VI of Denmark and Norway.
Life
Early life
She was born in Castle Schonberg, Bavaria, to Christian Heinrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach by his wife, Countess Sophie Christiane of Wolfstein. She was raised at the court of the Queen of Poland, Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, in Saxony.
Crown Princess
King Frederick IV of Denmark allowed his son, Crown Prince Christian, to find a suitable bride. During a trip through Europe accompanied by Chancellor Ulrik Adolf Holstein the Crown Prince met Sophie Magdalene while she was serving as lady-in-waiting of the Queen of Poland at the Pretzsch Castle. She came from a small (the Margraviate of Kulmbach was not greater than Lolland-Falster), insignificant, relatively poor and large German princely family (she had 13 siblings); however, the King gave his permission. In the Crown Prince's letters he wrote that he fell for Sophie Magdalene's intense religiosity, which matched with his own beliefs. It would affect his later reign. The wedding took place on 7 August 1721 at Pretzsch Castle in Saxony.
A French envoy to the Danish court sent a description home of the 20-year-old Crown Princess:
...She's a proud, impressive woman, although she is not high growth or of beautiful forms. She's not exactly pretty, but her majestic attitude was notorious. Her skin is very white, her face-range is fine, vibrant and soulful with light blue eyes; they still shaped lips crimped sometimes of a sneer. She dressed with the greatest splendor and used a lot of diamonds and other precious stones.
About the Crown Prince, the French diplomat made one unflattering description:
... He's a small, frail, sickly-looking gentleman. His face is elongated, pale, somewhat haggard, his nose is very big. The eyes are very prominent and mouth pulled up in a forced, stereotyped smile".
Queen Consort
At the death of Frederick IV on 12 October 1730, the couple became King and Queen of Denmark-Norway. They were crowned on 6 June 1731 in the Chapel of Frederiksborg Palace. She was behind the making of a new Danish queen's crown when she refused to wear the same one that the hated Queen Anna Sophie – whom she called "that whore!" (die Hure!)– had worn. Queen Sophie Magdelene established the collection of crown jewels when she bequeathed a large part of her jewelry for that purpose. This includes the emeralds given to Sophie by King Christian VI upon the birth of the future Frederik V.
The marriage between the king and the queen was harmonious and her husband loved and trusted her, but the royal couple was not popular. Queen Sophie Magdalene was described as haughty, arrogant and proud, and she was accused of isolating the royal family within the court, which was dominated by the royal couple's strong religious feelings and the German favorites and relatives of the queen.
A number of laws and prohibitions inspired by the strong religious feelings of the royal couple were issued, including a ban against theater performances and rides on Sundays, and in 1735 introduced public holiday regulation with obligatory church attendance, where breaches of duty resulted in fines or time in jail.
Sophie Magdalene's religiosity and strong influence of Pietism was expressed when in 1737 she founded at Vallø Castle the Noble Vallø Foundation for Unmarried Daughters (Danish: Det Adelige Stift Vallø for ugifte døtre), a home for aging and aristocratic unmarried women.
Despite their Pietism, however, the royal couple loved the splendor and luxury; King Louis XIV of France was their great princely role model. Sophie Magdalene made the most of her position as queen in matters of rank, precedence and ceremony, and the court life was a mixture of subdued religious puritanism and ceremonious pomp. The queen was also accused of creating a certain isolation around the royal family. The king and the queen rarely let themselves be seen in public, and were so humanly hostile that they let themselves be transported through the city in a carriage with covered windows.
Sophie Magdalene led an extravagant lifestyle - despite Denmark's faltering economy. Following the fashion of queens of her day, she owned a lathe built by Diderich de Thurah, 1735–36, which she used for turning items of ivory or precious woods. It has been speculated that the love of Sophie Magdalene for the jewels and luxury came from her father-in-law, after watching him cover his consort, Anna Sophie von Reventlow, with jewels and other gifts. She also enjoyed fashion.
Queen Sophie Magdalene was accused of never having discarded her German, even though German culture and language had been dominant at the Court before her time: the first member of the Danish royal family who spoke Danish rather than German was in fact Sophie Magdalene's great grandson, Frederik VI. The Queen learned Danish, but German was the language spoken at court and in high society. Nevertheless, her favoritism toward all things German over Denmark was widely reputed. Her German entourage was given important positions at court and was favored over Danes; her brothers were outranked "Princes of the Blood," and her German ladies-in-waiting was given a rank over all the countesses of the Kingdom. Among her German favorites was Frederica of Württemberg (1699-1781), who attracted widespread dislike. The queen's dislike for all Danes was so pronounced that when she once visited Valløs noble monastery, where lived a majority of German women, she cried on the way into the room of the Danish Miss Rosenkrantz and reportedly said: "It smells so Danish!" (Es riecht hier so dänisch!).
As a queen, she received several of her relatives in Denmark. Her younger sister, Sophie Caroline, Dowager Princess of Ostfriesland, was appointed by her as abbess at Vallø stift, with an annual pension of 16,600 thalers, a large sum in those times.
At the National Archives is a letter from Sophie Magdalene to her husband. She asked him to allow the return of her sister to Ostfriesland. The reason was that the queen was violently jealous of her, and was sure that Sophie Caroline and Christian VI had an affair. The king replied "that he with all his heart was willing to let her go, if with this he could win his wife's confidence and heart, but it would hurt the Princess". At end, Sophie Caroline was not expelled. The suspected affair became known enough to have been the subject of the later court case of Anna Sophie Magdalene Frederikke Ulrikke, who claimed to have been the result of the purported affair.
Two of Sophie Magdalene's brothers were Danish admirals, and her mother, Dowager Margravine Sophie Christiane of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, arrived to Denmark after the announcement of Sophie Magdalene's first pregnancy in 1723, staying at Sorgenfri Palace in Kongens Lyngby, where she remained for the rest of her life until her death in 1737.
The relationship between the king and queen continued to be very close and their marriage happy until their death. According to a contemporary story, the queen was so jealous that she preferred her appointed ladies-in-waiting to be so unattractive as possible so as not to risk attracting the king; however, her jealousy was regarded as completely unnecessary. While her influence over her spouse was great, she does not seem to have shown much interest for politics, and when he at one point suggested that she be made regent if their son should succeed him while still a child, she displayed great dislike for and disinterest in the idea.
For Sophie Magdalene it was a source of great concern and disappointment that none of her two surviving children inherited the strict religious ideals and lifestyle of their parents. King Frederick V was known in history as a notorious drunkard with sadistic tendencies, while Princess Louise reportedly became pregnant by a Valet de chambre, a scandal that caused her to be hastily married with the Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen, who received a large dowry in compensation.
In 1746, her husband died, and was succeeded by her son, Frederick V.
L'Union parfaite
In 1732, she founded the order Ordre de l'Union Parfaite, which was to be given only to women who lived in happy marriages, inspired by the royal couple's love marriage.
The Order was the first Danish order created for women.
Queen Dowager
As a queen dowager, she lived a discreet life under the reign of her son Frederick V, with whom she was too different in character to get along. She disliked his favorite, Adam Gottlob Moltke, whom she blamed for the distance between them.
She had Hirschholm Palace built, where she spent her summers as a widow, while living in Christiansborg Palace in winter.
In 1766, her grandson Christian VII succeed to the throne. During the reign of her grandson, she got more attention, as she was on much better terms with her grandchildren than with her children. Crown Prince Christian and his cousin, Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel, spent much time with the queen dowager on Hirschholm.
Sophie Magdalene and her grandson, the later King Christian VII, had a warm and close relationship. He could find at the side of his grandmother a loving refuge from his strict overhofmester, Ditlev Reventlow. Christian and his cousin, Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel, spent much time with Sophie Magdalene at Hirschholm Palace, much to Reventlow's regret; he complained that the crown prince "was so spoiled by Sophie Magdalene during his days with her that he became a boy again". In addition, Sophie Magdalene also hosted almost all Christian's birthdays celebrations.
Sophie Magdalene was distantly related with King Christian VII's mistress, Anne Cathrine Benthagen, the famous Støvlet-Cathrine, who reportedly was the illegitimate daughter of Prince Georg Ludwig of Brunswick-Bevern, whose sister was married with one of the queen's brothers. During Christian's reign, Moltke was disfavored and Danneskjöld was favored on her advice.
She spent her later years in bad health, or, as it was said, in hypochondria. She died in Christiansborg Palace and was buried in Roskilde Cathedral.
Issue
Frederick V of Denmark (31 March 1723 – 14 January 1766)
Princess Louise (19 June 1724 – 20 December 1724)
Princess Louise (19 October 1726 – 8 August 1756), married Ernest Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen.
Ancestry
References
Bibliography
Article in the Dansk biografisk Lexikon
Biography
Damstrup, Ellen B., Christian 6., Sophie Magdalene og Norgesrejsen 1733 , 1989
Dehn-Nielsen, Henning, Christian 7. – den gale konge, 2000
Dehn-Nielsen, Henning, Danmarks Konger og Regenter, 1996
Langen, Ulrik, Den Afmægtige – en biografi om Christian 7., 2008
Langer, Jerk W., Kongehusets sygdomme – fra Gorm den Gamle til dronning Margrethe, 1997
Nielsen, Kay m.f., Danmarks Konger og Dronninger
Tillyard, Stella, En Kongelig Affære – Caroline Matilde og hendes søskende, 2007 (original English edition 2006)
External links
Queen Sophie Magdalene at the website of the Royal Danish Collection at Rosenborg Castle
Christian VI of Denmark
1700 births
1770 deaths
Danish royal consorts
Norwegian royal consorts
People from Denmark–Norway
House of Hohenzollern
Burials at Roskilde Cathedral
Crown Princesses of Denmark
Crown Princesses of Norway
Queen mothers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie%20Magdalene%20of%20Brandenburg-Kulmbach |
The Susquehanna River Bridge carries Interstate 76 (Pennsylvania Turnpike) across the Susquehanna River between Dauphin and York County near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
History
The original structure was built as a steel girder bridge with concrete piers. The steel was provided from a plant operated by Bethlehem Steel, directly adjacent to the turnpike in Steelton, Pennsylvania. It was opened to traffic in 1950.
On November 16, 2004, the Turnpike Commission let a contract for a bridge to replace the 1950 span. Two new 3-lane segmental, concrete signature spans were constructed just upriver from the old 4 lane span. The new span was the first of its type built in Pennsylvania at a cost of nearly $100 million . The westbound span opened on May 17, 2007, and the eastbound span was opened on June 17, 2007. The new roadway and bridges opened to normal traffic flow in the summer of 2008. The old span was demolished on August 22, 2007.
See also
List of crossings of the Susquehanna River
References
External links
Susquehanna River Bridge project web site
Bridges in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
Toll bridges in Pennsylvania
Bridges over the Susquehanna River
Bridges completed in 1950
Bridges completed in 2000
Road bridges in Pennsylvania
Interstate 76 (Ohio–New Jersey)
Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission
Bridges on the Interstate Highway System
Concrete bridges in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susquehanna%20River%20Bridge |
Sarah Peebles is a Toronto-based Canadian - American composer, improviser and installation artist originally from Minnesota (USA). Much of her work explores digitally manipulated found sound, unconventional methods of amplification, and distinct approaches to improvisation on the shō (笙), the Japanese mouth-organ used in gagaku (Japan's imperial court music). Her installation practice focuses on BioArt which explores the lives of native wild bees, pollination ecology and biodiversity. Collectively titled “Resonating Bodies”, much of this activity is in collaboration with other artists, technicians and bee biologists.
Peebles' approach to the shō draws from gagaku, microtonality and psychoacoustic phenomena of the instrument, and many of her works alter its tuning and microphone placement in creating recordings of performances. She has released several recordings which include the instrument, including the album “Delicate Paths” (Unsounds 42U, 2014), which highlights her distinct approaches to performing, recording and composing for the shō. That album features a foreword and images dedicated to the instrument's ethnobotanical and ethnozoological connections to ancient Asia, and includes guest performers Evan Parker, Nilan Perera, and Suba Sankaran.
Peebles' “Resonating Bodies” projects, initiated in 2008, feature a series of amplified habitat sculptures for solitary bees, titled "Audio Bee Booths" and "Audio Bee Cabinets". These permanent outdoor works utilize cabinetry and other woodworking, electronics, pyrography, and earth-based building techniques (adobe and cob). Resonating Bodies, is a series of integrated media installations, community outreach projects and a web site which illuminates aspects of Canada's biodiversity through focusing on pollination ecology, with special attention paid to the intersection of native bees, habitat and coevolution of plants and pollinators of the Greater Toronto Area and beyond (See "Resonating Bodies" at wordpress and on Facebook).
Other activities over the past 3 decades have been wide-ranging, including music for dance, multi-channel sound, radio, video/film, performance art and integrated media, sound installation and improvised performance; the duo “Smash and Teeny” with guitarist Nilan Perera, and trio “Cinnamon Sphere” with Perera and painter Chung Gong.
Her music is published on Unsounds, Cycling '74, innova Recordings, Spool, Post-Concrète, CBC Music, Sonus.ca (Canadian Electroacoustic Community's free library) and others.
References
Kalvos Chronicle of the NonPop Revolution' biographical page, accessed 3 February 2010
"108:Walking through Tokyo at the turn of the century" by Sarah Peebles, accessed 3 February 2010
External links
Sarah Peebles official site
Resonating Bodies projects site
Sonus online listening library of electroacoustic works, created and managed by the CEC
CBC Music artist page, Sarah Peebles
Modern Farmer: "Listening In On Solitary Bees" by Tyler LeBlanc, July 2014
"Delicate Paths" review by Nick Storring, issue 120 Fall 2014
Make Magazine: "Buzz Booth" by Andrew Salomone, May 2014
The Wire: "Sarah Peebles: Electronic Bug Culture" by Marcus Boon, May 2003
1964 births
American women composers
21st-century American composers
Canadian composers
Living people
Artists from Minnesota
Artists from Toronto
Shō players
American women in electronic music
American installation artists
21st-century American women musicians
21st-century women composers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Peebles |
The administrator of Tokelau is an official of the New Zealand Government, responsible for supervising the government of the dependent territory of Tokelau.
Powers and functions
Certain of the administrator's powers and functions are set forth in the Tokelau Act 1948, as amended from time to time. (The office of administrator is not, however, created by this Act.) The most important right of the administrator is the power to disallow any Rule passed by the Parliament of Tokelau (the General Fono); this must, however, be done within 30 days after the administrator is sent a copy of the Rule.
The administrator is assisted by a permanent staff of civil servants, which form the Office of the administrator of Tokelau, a part of New Zealand's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. The Office coordinates New Zealand government activity relating to Tokelau, especially economic assistance; provides expert policy-advice and assistance to the Tokelau government, also arranging for administrative assistance and training to the Tokelau public service; and represents the Tokelau public service in New Zealand, especially to the resident Tokelauan community. Besides these roles, the Office assists Tokelau to develop appropriate legal, governance and administration structures as Tokelau moves towards greater autonomy.
The administrator acts as a representative, not of the monarch personally, but of the New Zealand Government. The administration of Tokelau may also be overruled by the New Zealand Parliament, or by regulations made by the New Zealand Governor-General in Council.
Appointment
The administrator is appointed by the New Zealand Minister of Foreign Affairs.
History
The region of the Pacific Ocean in which Tokelau lies was declared a British protectorate in 1877, and the islands themselves came under British protection in 1889, being incorporated into the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony. This Colony was administered by officials responsible ultimately to the Colonial Office in London.
In 1925, Tokelau was separated from the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, becoming its own colony. In reality, however, it was administered from New Zealand, the Governor-General of New Zealand being appointed Governor of Tokelau. The Governor-General at the time, Sir Charles Fergusson, the next year appointed the High Commissioner of Western Samoa, Maj Gen Sir George Spafford Richardson, as administrator, with a delegation of the Vice-Regal powers. This situation continued up until 1948, when sovereignty over Tokelau was transferred from the United Kingdom to New Zealand.
In recent years, administrators have tended to be senior civil servants, politicians, or career diplomats.
List of administrators
Up to 1961, the administrator of Tokelau was the administrator of Samoa.
See also
Administrator of the Government
Heads of Government of Tokelau
References
External links
NZ Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade — List of Administrators of the Tokelau Islands
Tokelau, List of Administrators of
Administrator
1926 establishments in New Zealand
1926 establishments in Tokelau
Tokelau | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrator%20of%20Tokelau |
Cyrus Guernsey Pringle (May 6, 1838 – May 25, 1911) was an American botanist who spent a career of 35 years cataloguing the plants of North America. He was a prolific collector and accomplished botanical explorer.
Early life
He was born on May 6, 1838, in Charlotte, Vermont, to George and Louisa (Harris) Pringle. He studied in Hinesburg and Bakersfield, Vermont, and later at Stanbridge, Quebec, before entering the University of Vermont in 1859. However, the death of his older brother during the first semester made it necessary for him to aid his widowed mother in the management of the farm and to withdraw from college. Later, however, he would be awarded an honorary Sc.D. from the University of Vermont as well as an honorary M.A. from Middlebury College.
In the early part of his life he was interested in the Quaker religious doctrine of the Friends, and it was through these meetings that he met Almira Lydia Greene of Starksboro, Vermont. Pringle became a Quaker in order to be with Almira, eventually marrying on February 25, 1863.
His first horticultural undertakings were on his mother's farm in 1857, when, at the age of nineteen, he budded a small seedling apple tree with a large, striped, sweet summer apple. In 1858 he started his first nursery, containing a small pear orchard, fruit yards, gardens of currants, cherries, grapes, peaches and potatoes. He made a plan for each orchard or garden, giving the name and location of each plant. By crossbreeding, he obtained a new potato variety which he called 'Snowflake'. This potato was introduced to the public in New York. Robert Fenn, an Englishman much interested in crossing American and English varieties of potatoes, recognized Pringle's ability and the two of them worked together on other projects, such as the crossing of 'Snowflake' with 'Rector of Woodstock' and vice versa. Another cross-bred potato of 1870, 'Ruby', gained a first-class certificate from the London Horticultural Society, and, with 'Snowflake', was awarded a silver medal by the Massachusetts Horticultural Society.
Pringle grew and sold seedlings of Gladiolus, wheat, more than 100 varieties of irises, and nearly all the species of lilies known at the time. His Hubbard squash seeds brought a dollar a pound at one time. He also ran a "hospital" for bulbs, to which people would send their sick specimens for rehabilitation.
Civil War
During the American Civil War, about five months after his marriage, Pringle was drafted into the Union Army on July 13, 1863, along with two other Vermont Quakers following the Confederate Conscription Acts 1862–1864. They shared the Quakers' disapproval of war, and when Pringle's uncle offered to pay the US$300 () necessary for his release, he would not allow this to be done, regarding that solution as a selfish compromise with principle. Refusing to perform all military duty, he was subjected to severe discipline. The Quakers were kept for days in the guardhouse in company with drunks and criminals. On October 3, 1863, at Culpeper, Virginia, Pringle was staked to the ground, with his arms outstretched and his legs racked; he was left in this position for hours, until "so weak he could hardly walk or perform any exertion." He was also threatened with death if he would not give up, but his only reply was, "It can but give me pain to be asked or required to do anything I believe to be wrong." After a day of extreme pain he wrote in his diary, "This has been the happiest day of my life, to be privileged to fight the battle for universal peace."
When Secretary of War Edwin Stanton heard of this treatment, he ordered "the three incorrigibles" be sent to Washington, D.C. Isaac Newton, Commissioner of Agriculture, went to President Abraham Lincoln about their case, who subsequently asked the Secretary to release them. Stanton refused, claiming that his oath of office stood in the way of discharging them from military service. It was only after President Lincoln had gone personally to Stanton that the parole was granted.
Career
Pringle once again turned his energies to plant breeding in 1868, attempting to hybridize new varieties of various fruits, corn, tomatoes, and grains such as wheat and oats. In 1872, Pringle's wife separated from him to pursue evangelistic work and they divorced on October 16, 1877.
Sometime in the 1870s, Pringle began to collect plants throughout Vermont, from deep in mossy woods, by lakesides, or high on mountain summits. On December 13, 1874, he was appointed to the Vermont Board of Agriculture. During three successive years he took boat trips up the lower St. Lawrence to the Saguenay Rivers in Canada, and the St. Francis and St. John Rivers of northern Maine. In 1878, he displayed many of the Vermont specimens which he had been collecting at the Paris World's Fair.
In 1880 he received three commissions: collecting wood samples for the Jesup Collection, under the auspices of the American Museum of Natural History; exploring American forests and collecting data for a final report for the United States Census Bureau, working for Charles Sprague Sargent; and general botanical collecting on behalf of Asa Gray. In 1884, he made a botanical survey of the northern portions of Arizona, under the auspices of the Smithsonian Institution. Pringle was appointed to the Gray Herbarium as a botanical collector in 1885, eventually making 39 expeditions to Mexico over the next 24 years.
In April 1896, he was elected a member of the newly established New England Botanical Club and attended the meetings when in Boston. He was a charter member and later vice-president of the Vermont Botanical Club.
During his 35 years of field work in the United States, Canada and Mexico, Pringle collected over 500,000 specimens which included some 1,200 species new to science. Duplicates of his own collections were distributed widely and can be found throughout many herbaria in the United States and abroad.
Death
In the last year of his life Pringle was planning a trip to South America, but became ill. He died on May 25, 1911, and is buried in Morningside Cemetery, East Charlotte, Vermont.
Legacy
Pringle is the namesake of the Pringle Herbarium at the University of Vermont.
Several genera were named in honor of Pringle, including Neopringlea (Salicaceae), Pringleella (Ditrichaceae), Pringleochloa (a synonym of Bouteloua Lag.), and Pringleophytum (synonym of Holographis Nees). Likewise, the species Clethra pringlei, Cobaea pringlei, Eryngium pringlei, Lupinus pringlei, Pinus pringlei, Rosa pringlei, and Pachycereus pringlei were all named after him.
Publications
Pringle wrote many articles in The Country Gentleman from 1869 to 1880, including "Origin of the Snowflake Potato" in 1880. In 1884 he published "Pringle's Reports on Forests of Vermont, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania and West Virginia," a section in the Report on the Forests of North America (exclusive of Mexico).
Pringle documented his experience during the Civil War in his diary. The Record of a Quaker Conscience: Cyrus Pringle's Diary was published posthumously in 1918 with an introduction by Rufus Jones.
See also
Draft evasion
History of the Quakers
References
External links
Biography at University of Vermont
American botanical writers
1838 births
1911 deaths
Botanists active in North America
American male non-fiction writers
American tax resisters
American torture victims
People from Charlotte, Vermont
American Quakers
Converts to Quakerism
People of Vermont in the American Civil War
American people of Scottish descent
Burials in Vermont
19th-century American botanists
20th-century American botanists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus%20Pringle |
The Geneva International Music Competition () is one of the world's leading international music competitions, founded in 1939. In 1957, it was one of the founding members of the World Federation of International Music Competition (WFIMC), whose headquarters are in Geneva.
Today, the Geneva Competition alternates between several main disciplines: piano, flute, oboe, clarinet, cello, viola, string quartet, voice and percussion. Every second year, it offers a Composition Prize. Upcoming competitions are cello & oboe (2021), piano & composition (2022), flute & string quartet (2023) and voice & composition (2024).
Its prizewinners include world-famous artists such as Martha Argerich, Arturo Benedetti-Michelangeli, Victoria de los Ángeles, Alan Gilbert, Nelson Goerner, Friedrich Gulda, Heinz Holliger, Nobuko Imai, Melos Quartet, Emmanuel Pahud, Maurizio Pollini, Georg Solti, José van Dam, Christian Zacharias and Tabea Zimmermann.
In addition to its official prizes, the Geneva International Music Competition offers a career development programme, which provides precious support and advice to help boost laureates' careers. This programme includes two years of concert management, as well as CD recordings, international tours, a festival and professional workshops.
1st prize winners
1939 Clarinet Robert Gugolz
1939 Piano Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli
1939 Voice Maria Stader,
1942 Piano Georg Solti
1947 Clarinet Henri Druart
1948 Piano Charles Reiner
1950 Clarinet Paul-Jacques Lambert
1953 Piano Jacques Klein
1954 Voice Pamela Bowden
1957 Clarinet Petko Radev
1957 Piano Dominique Merlet (ex aequo)
1957 Piano Martha Argerich (ex aequo)
1957 Voice James Milligan
1959 Oboe Heinz Holliger
1960 Clarinet Peter Rieckhoff
1961 Piano Désiré N'Kaoua
1961 Flute Michel Debost
1962 Organ Joachim Grubich
1971 Cello Myung-wha Chung
1972 Clarinet Thomas Friedli
1972 Viola Atar Arad
1972 Voice Konstantin Ploujnikov
1973 Double Bass Ivan Kotov
1973 Flute Kohno Toshiko
1973 Quartet Quatuor Kreuzberger
1973 Trombone Anatole Skobelev
1974 Harp Olga Ortenberg
1974 Voice Gary Kendall
1975 Guitar Dusan Bogdanovic
1976 Piano Tatiana Chebanova
1976 Voice Katherine Ciesinski
1977 Oboe Jean-Christophe Gayot
1977 Viola AnaBela Chaves
1977 Voice Kristine Ciesinski
1978 Voice Margareta Haverinen
1979 Voice Jean Christian
1980 Bassoon Gilbert Audin
1980 Vocal Quartet New York Vocal Ensemble
1982 Percussion Peter Sadlo
1982 Piano Evgeny Krouchevsky
1982 Viola Tabea Zimmermann
1983 Bass Nico Abondolo
1983 Voice Juliana Gondek
1984 Conducting Grzegorz Nowak
1985 Organ Jonathan Biggers
1985 Voice Chihiro Bamba
1986 Cello Leonid Gorokhov
1987 Trumpet Ole Edvard Antonsen
1987 Viola Hong-Mei Xiao
1987 Voice Maria Diaconu
1988 Guitar Viktor Vidović
1988 Oboe Alex Klein
1988 Trombone Jonas Bylund
1990 Clarinet Fabio Di-Casola
1990 Piano Nelson Goerner
1990 Violin Zheng-Rong Wang
1991 Cello Wenn-Sinn Yang
1991 Tuba Jens Bjørn-Larsen
1992 Flute Emmanuel Pahud
1993 Organ: Alessio Corti
1993 Violin Manara Francesco
1993 Voice: Jane Irwin
1994 Conducting: Alan Gilbert
1995 Bassoon: Laurent Lefèvre
1995 Cello: Claudio Bohorquez
1995 Guitar: Georgi Vassiliev
1996 Trumpet: André Henry
1997 Clarinet: Martin Fröst
1998 Double Bass: Janusz Widzyk
1998 Oboe: Alexei Ogrintchouk
2000 Cello: Rafael Rosenfeld
2000 Voice: Annette Dasch (ex aequo)
2000 Voice: Werner Erik Nelson (ex aequo)
2001 Flute: Silvia Careddu
2001 Piano: Roland Krüger
2001 Quartet: Quatuor Terpsycordes
2002 Percussion: Aiyun Huang
2002 Piano: Sergey Koudriakov
2005 Viola: Ryszard Groblewski
2008 Cello: István Várdai
2009 Voice: Polina Pasztircsák
2010 Piano: Mami Hagiwara
2011 Composition: Artur Akshelyan
2011 Quartet: Artemis Quartet (ex aequo)
2011 Quartet: Hermès Quartet (ex aequo)
2012 Piano: Lorenzo Soulès
2013 Composition: Kwang Ho Cho
2014 Piano: Ji-Yeong Mun
2015 Composition: Shoichi Yabuta
2016 Quartet: Vision String Quartet
2017 Composition: Jaehyuck Choi
2018 Clarinet: Kevin Spagnolo
2018 Piano: Théo Fouchenneret (ex aequo)
2018 Piano: Dmitry Shishkin (ex aequo)
2019 Composition: Daniel Arango-Prada (ex aequo)
2019 Composition: Hinako Takagi (ex aequo)
2019 Percussion: Hyeji Bak,
Search all prizewinners from 1939
Previous Disciplines
1995 and before, the competition also included a prize for Bassoon.
See also
:Category:Winners of the Geneva International Music Competition
References
External links
Main website
History and List of Most Notable Winners
E-Shop Prizewinners CDs
World Federation of International Music Competitions (WFIMC) website
Music competitions in Switzerland
Swiss music
Events in Geneva
1939 establishments in Switzerland
Recurring events established in 1939 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva%20International%20Music%20Competition |
KYRV (93.7 FM) is a commercial radio station that is licensed to Roseville, California and broadcasts to the Sacramento metropolitan area. The station is owned by iHeartMedia and airs a classic rock radio format. The KYRV studios are located in North Sacramento near Arden Fair Mall, and its transmitter is in Granite Bay.
KYRV broadcasts in HD Radio. Its HD2 signal carries country music, also heard on translator K296GB at 107.1 FM.
History
Early years
In June 1970, the owners of KPOP (1110 AM), founded by Don Reeves, started a 3,000-watt station on 93.5 MHz in Roseville, California. The station debuted as KPIP and simulcast KPOP's middle of the road (MOR) music during the day while airing soul music at night. In the mid-1970s, KPIP dropped the daytime MOR music and replaced it with Spanish-language programming from 5 a.m. to 5 p.m. At 5 p.m., the station would flip over to R&B and disco music. As time progressed, KPIP acquired the nickname of "The Disco Express".
In May 1980, the owners put the Spanish programming exclusively on 1110 AM and moved the KPIP call letters there. The FM station flipped to urban contemporary and took on the KPOP call sign. In 1982, the station attempted to promote itself as broadcasting in Dolby Stereo, which was about as successful as FM quadraphonic sound was in the 1970s.
Rock of the 80s
In August 1983, KPOP changed to a modern rock format, adopting the slogan "Rock of the 80s". Radio consultant Rick Carroll, who developed the format at KROQ-FM in Los Angeles, released it for national syndication in the early 1983; KPOP was one of his clients. The format included new wave music, synthesizer-based "Europop", and some guitar-based punk rock (such as The Clash and The Ramones). Some of the disc jockeys from the urban contemporary era stayed on for the change to modern rock.
Pop Hits
In December 1983, Don Reeves sold KPOP to the Fuller-Jeffrey Broadcasting Company. Since the Rock of the 80s format was not producing high enough ratings, the new owners flipped the station to a top 40/CHR format in January 1984. The owners kept the KPOP call letters and called the station "Pop Hits", aiming primarily at young women.
KPOP competed with two other CHR stations in the Sacramento market, both with 50,000 watt signals: KSFM, which took advantage of KPOP's flip from urban and would go on to become a successful rhythmic top 40 outlet, and KWOD, which would later evolve from top 40 to modern rock by 1990. The 3,000 watt KPOP shifted to a rock-based CHR format in the fall of 1985. It retained the KPOP call letters but now called itself "Rock Hits". The station's overall ratings were not as strong as its competitors.
93 Rock
On January 10, 1986, morning drive time announcers Dave Skyler and Rusty Humphries staged a management-approved stunt to initiate a format change. They locked themselves in the studio and refused to leave until management allowed them to drop the KPOP call letters and switch the format to album-oriented rock (AOR); the flip occurred six hours later. By this time, Sacramento only had one other AOR station: KZAP (98.5 FM), whose programming was beginning to skew toward 25-to-49-year-old males. The station changed its call letters to KDJQ and rebranded as "93 Rock". Targeting males ages 18–34, “93 Rock” featured music by mainstream hard rock artists. The KDJQ call letters were short-lived, however, as the station had a format and call sign similar to those on KDJK (95.1 FM, now KHKK) in Modesto. KDJK's owners served a cease and desist order against Fuller-Jeffrey, prompting the Sacramento station to change its call sign to KRXQ in short order. KRXQ's ratings began to increase, but the largest jumps began when the station's owners boosted the power, coupled with a shift in the station's frequency.
In July 1988, the station moved from 93.5 FM to 93.7 FM. In the process, the station increased its power from 3,000 watts to 25,000 watts, providing coverage to most of the Sacramento area. The station retained the "93 Rock" name, with billboards announcing the frequency change by stating "Now at 93.7 FM". KRXQ became quite successful with its hard-edged mainstream album rock format. By 1989, the station began overtaking rival KZAP in the ratings, often registering a share between 6 and 7. While KZAP began leaning towards older adults with mid-tempo and classic rock, KRXQ clearly skewed towards younger adults with up-tempo and current hard rock artists. By the fall of 1991, "93 Rock" was the top rock station in Sacramento. KZAP dropped AOR for country music on January 20, 1992.
In the early 1990s, prime-time disc jockey Kosar Jaff, along with other California DJs, experimented with beatmatching, which had not been done before on primetime radio. Beatmatching is a process where the starting and ending beats of two songs are merged, so that there is a clear transition between the two. The beatmatching done on the air allowed longer commentary by him, because the ending and beginning beats could be played during the commentary, rather than stopping the music to commentate for a shorter period before the next track. The 1990s also saw success for the station, including big deals made with major artists such as Sting, which led to appearances at the concert by the disc jockeys in collaboration with the artists' concert.
On March 4, 1998, at 3 p.m., KRXQ and classic country-formatted KRAK-FM (98.5 FM) swapped frequencies. KRAK-FM, now at 93.7 FM, had poor ratings, so the country format and call letters were shifted to 1470 AM in January 1999. The KXOA call sign then moved to 93.7 FM.
Arrow 93.7
On January 11, 1999, the station's owners flipped KXOA to classic hits, calling it "Arrow 93.7". The same format had been in use at 107.9 FM from 1994 to 1998. Basically, the format was a mix of rock songs released as singles from the 1960s through the 1980s that received airplay on top 40 stations. Few selections were exclusively album cuts. Initially, the station was fairly successful.
Howard Stern, hot talk, and rock
On June 18, 2001, station owners Infinity Broadcasting changed KXOA's format to "hot talk". The KXOA call letters remained in place, but the station's slogan became "The Talk that Rocks". The station featured Howard Stern during morning drive and a mix of local and nationally syndicated talk show hosts the rest of the day. On weekends and breaks, the station programmed classic hard rock, primarily released during the 1970s and 1980s. The music was highly familiar. KXOA struggled in the ratings, earning less than a 1.0 share in the 12+ demographic. The only national show with a substantial audience was Stern's. However, The KiddChris Show, airing locally in the evenings, was the station's highest-rated program consistently.
KXOA continued with the hot talk format until August 30, 2002. One of the nationally syndicated programs, New York-based Opie and Anthony, was cancelled from syndication (as well as on their home station of WNEW in New York City), when an on-air stunt involving sex in a Catholic church offended some listeners and station management. At that point, KXOA continued to air Howard Stern in morning drive and dropped all remaining talk shows from the schedule. The station continued to air classic hard rock the rest of the day, adopting a new slogan: "Sacramento’s Hard Rock". Intending to compete with both KSEG (96.9 FM) and KRXQ, the station added more current material to its music mix in the summer of 2003, but the ratings did not improve.
On February 5, 2004, the station dropped the KXOA call letters, rock format, and "Sacramento's Hard Rock" slogan. The station, now known as KHWD ("Howard 93.7"), retained Howard Stern in morning drive but flipped to a classic alternative format. Again, ratings did not improve. In early 2005, the station began adding new harder alternative rock to its mix. The move was seen by some as an attempt to pick up the audience KWOD (106.5 FM) abandoned when it shifted to an alternative/triple-A hybrid format on March 18, 2005. Radio insiders believed that KHWD would either switch to a Spanish-language or adult hits format after Howard Stern left for Sirius Satellite Radio.
Jack FM
On October 25, 2005, Infinity Broadcasting announced sweeping changes for many of its owned-and-operated stations carrying Howard Stern. Several major-market heritage rock stations (such as WXRK in New York and WYSP in Philadelphia) would have their formats overhauled completely. In Sacramento, at 10:30 a.m., KHWD switched to Jack FM, an adult hits format, with the new call letters KQJK. The station continued to air Stern until December 16, 2005, his last day on terrestrial radio.
On December 10, 2008, CBS Radio swapped five of its stations, including KQJK, to Clear Channel Communications (now iHeartMedia) in exchange for two stations in Houston.
93.7 The River
On March 24, 2017, iHeartMedia announced that KQJK would flip to classic rock as "93.7 The River". The station officially made the change on April 3 at 12:01 a.m. The final song on Jack FM was "Purple Rain" by Prince, while the first song on "The River" was "Start Me Up" by The Rolling Stones. The station launched with a full-time DJ lineup with extensive history in the Sacramento market, including KRXQ veterans Dog & Joe in mornings, Monica Lowe from KZZO in middays, Derek Moore from KSEG in afternoons, and the syndicated Sixx Sense with Nikki Sixx in evenings. KQJK changed its call letters to KYRV the same day. Moore was laid off from iHeartMedia in late 2020. Morning show Producer Dana Thompson was officially added to the morning show line up in May 2021. Thompson was laid off from iHeartMedia in August 2023.
References
External links
YRV
Classic rock radio stations in the United States
1970 establishments in California
Radio stations established in 1970
IHeartMedia radio stations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KYRV |
The Andorran Workers' Union is a Trade union in the Principality of Andorra. It was established in 1990, and claimed several hundred members.
References
Trade unions in Andorra
Trade unions established in 1990 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andorran%20Workers%27%20Union |
Cyber Force (sometimes stylized as CyberForce or CYBERFORCE) is a comic book series created by writer and artist Marc Silvestri in 1992 through his publishing studio, Top Cow Productions, and published by Image Comics.
Publication history
Volume 1
Cyber Force was first published as a mini-series in October 1992 by Image Comics in association with Malibu Comics. Created by and illustrated by Marc Silvestri, the series was written by his brother, Eric Silvestri: "When the guys at Image and I were starting out, we weren't really sure what the reaction would be to our characters. So, just to play it safe, we decided to put out our projects as mini-series to test out the public reaction".
The first story titled "Tin Men of War", follows Carin Taylor, a mutant otherwise known as Velocity as she attempts to escape the forces of Cyberdata, a corrupt mega-corporation. Her attempts to evade Cyberdata's task force, led by her sister, Cassandra Taylor aka "Ballistic" bring her into contact with the Cyber Force, a group of cybernetically enhanced mutant escapees from Cyberdata, consisting of Col. Stryker, Cyblade, Heatwave, Impact and Ripclaw. After Velocity is rescued, the team explains to her that they were created by Cyberdata to enhance their mutant abilities, turning them into super-soldiers known as S.H.O.C.s (Special Hazardous Operation Cyborgs), but they escaped and formed Cyber Force, making it their mission to bring down Cyberdata for good.
Volume 2
After high sales for the mini-series, an ongoing series was launched in October 1993 with the Cyber Force #0 one-shot, which contained a script and art by Walter Simonson based on a plot by Marc and Eric Silvestri. The new monthly series was published by Image through Silvestri's Top Cow Productions beginning in November 1993, running 35 issues. The series crossed over with Wild C.A.T.s for the "Killer Instinct" storyline spanning Wild C.A.T.S #5-7 and Cyber Force vol. 2 #1-3.
Silvestri later turned his duties over to other artists, including David Finch. The original comic book focused on a team of mutants who were captured by Cyberdata, an enormous corporation planning to take over the world. The mutants were experimented on and had their abilities enhanced with cybernetic implants in hopes of making them S.H.O.C.s (Special Hazardous Operations Cyborgs). The mutants subsequently escaped and banded together as Cyber Force, determined to defeat Cyberdata.
Volume 3
The series was revived in a third volume in 2006 (April-September) as a six issue limited series written by Ron Marz and drawn by Pat Lee titled Rising From the Ashes. This series continues with Ripclaw and Velocity's travel to Antartica to find a cure against a doomsday virus, which was created as a failsafe by Cyberdata to destroy all mutants. Along with dealing with the virus and greedy sailors, Velocity uncovers the true origin of Cyberdata while being brought to a long-crashed sentient alien ship inside a frozen cave. It is revealed here that Cyberdata was created by an Antarctic explorer by the name of Emil Zadrock, whose mind became corrupted by 1,000 year-old living machinery that he found in the cave over a 100 years ago. The process of creating mutants was done by combining human beings with alien dna. The heroes eventually engage in a confrontation with the ancient alien race that created the living machinery and the crashed sentient spaceship. The team was given an updated look, a new base of operations, and changes to its roster. Important subplots include the death and resurrection of Ripclaw, Stryker being away on action, Impact wanting to leave the team, and a growing romantic relationship between Ripclaw and Velocity. The story also ties into the JLA/Cyberforce crossover that takes place between issues #0 and #1 of volume 3.
Volume 4
Top Cow debuted the fourth volume of the series in October 2012. This was a rebooted Cyber Force as part of the company's "Top Cow Rebirth" initiative. Funded through a Kickstarter campaign, the first five issues were released for free. Silvestri provided cyberpunk-influenced art for the rebooted series, while Khoi Pham was brought aboard as illustrator after five years of exclusive work for Marvel Comics. The first issue received a positive review from Benjamin Bailey of IGN, who described the post-apocalyptic setting as both interesting and genuine. Commenting on Pham's art, he cited some inconsistencies, particularly with respect to renderings of technology.
Volume 5
The fifth volume of the series was launched in late 2015 as a digital-only series written by Matt Hawkins, released on the webcomic service Webtoon.
In other media
A half-hour Cyber Force animated series was planned for the 1995–96 season on Fox Kids as part of an hour-long block that would also have featured a Youngblood series. Although completed character designs and a model sheet were featured in magazines, the series never progressed past the planning stage.
Bibliography
Series
Cyberforce Volume 1, #0–4 (October 1992 – September 1993)
Cyberforce Volume 2, #1–35 (November 1993 – September 1997)
Cyberforce Volume 3, #0–6 (April 2006 – October 2006)
Cyberforce Volume 4, #1-11 (October 2012 – February 2015)
Cyberforce Volume 5, #1-11 (March 2018 – July 2019)
Collected editions
Cyberforce: The Tin Men of War (collects Cyberforce Vol. 1 #1–4)
Cyber Force: Origins Volume 1 (collects Cyberforce Vol. 1 #1–4, #0, and Cyberforce Annual #1)
Cyber Force: Origins Volume 2 (collects Cyberforce Vol. 2 #1–8, and Cyberforce Origins #1 – Cyblade)
Cyber Force: Origins Volume 3 (collects Cyberforce Vol. 2 #9–16, and Cyberforce Origins #2 – Stryker)
Wildcats/Cyberforce: Killer Instinct (collects WildC.A.T.S. Covert Action Teams #5–7 and Cyberforce Vol. 2 #1–3)
Cyberforce: Assault with a Deadly Woman (collects Cyberforce Vol. 2 #4–7)
Cyberforce-Hunter/Killer (Collects Cyberforce-Hunter/Killer #1-5)
Cyber Force: Origins Volume 4 (collects Cyberforce Vol. 2 #17–25)
Cyberforce: Rising from the Ashes (collects Cyberforce Vol. 3 #1–6, #0)Cyberforce: Rebirth Volume 1 (collects Cyberforce Vol. 4 #1–5)Cyberforce: Rebirth Volume 2 (collects Cyberforce Vol. 4 #6–10)Cyberforce: Rebirth Volume 3 (collects Cyberforce Webtoons Comic + Cyber Force: Artifacts #0)Cyberforce: Rebirth Volume 4 (collects Cyberforce Webtoons Comic)Cyberforce: Awakening Volume 1 (collects Cyberforce reboot #1-4)Cyberforce: Awakening Volume 2 (collects Cyberforce reboot #5-8)Cyberforce: Awakening Volume 3 (collects Cyberforce'' reboot #9-11)
References
External links
1992 comics debuts
American comics
Characters created by Marc Silvestri
Cyborg comics
Mutants in fiction
Top Cow titles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyber%20Force%20%28comics%29 |
Santon Burn is a watercourse in the Isle of Man.
This small river, or burn, has its origins in the waters of Eairy in the parish of Marown (Ordnance Survey Landranger SC296779) and enters the Irish Sea at Santon Gorge close to Cass-ny-Hawin Head, just south from the bay of Port Soderick and north of Ronaldsway Airport.
The course of Santon Burn runs between the pastoral mid-island village of St. Mark's, in the parish of Malew and later via Ballalonna Glen and Fairy Bridge. The Santon Burn never enters Santon, being a border to that parish. Salmon have been recorded as far up the burn as Ballalonna Bridge (The original Fairy Bridge). In Ballalonna Glen, there is a mill race which forms part of a 15th-century flour mill, now converted into a house. Downstream is the farm house, Arragon Moar, which has been converted into the home of Dr John Taylor, the inventor, horologist and founder of Strix.
References
Rivers of the Isle of Man | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santon%20Burn |
KRXQ (98.5 FM, "98 Rock") is a commercial radio station in Sacramento, California. The station is owned by Audacy, Inc. and broadcasts a mainstream rock format. KRXQ's studios are located in North Highlands (with a Sacramento address) and its transmitter is in Folsom.
History
KXRQ
The station at 98.5 FM first signed on November 1, 1959, as KXRQ. Owned and operated by Dale Flewelling, it was dedicated by then-California Governor Pat Brown. From its original studios and transmitter located on the 13th floor of the Elks building in downtown Sacramento, KXRQ operated daily from 7:00 a.m. to 2:00 a.m. with an effective radiated power of 35,000 watts. From its elevated location, KXRQ enjoyed broad coverage throughout the Sacramento Valley. Bruce Jensen was the program director during the station's first year and programmed a varied mix of popular music during the day and jazz late at night and weekend afternoons. From 1960 until mid-1966, Paul Thompson served in the same capacity; he adjusted the format to present a more sophisticated and swinging mix with an easy jazz touch during the daytime with more straightforward jazz heard later at night. At one point KXRQ became an all-jazz station for about two years; however, commercial support for the station waned and it restored the swinging sound format. Following the departure of Thompson, the station continued in the same direction for a while, but by early 1968 the station was having financial difficulties, and was only broadcasting from 3:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m.
KZAP
Freeform launch and early AOR years
In mid-1968, KXRQ was purchased by Lee Gahagan, doing business as the California Talking Machine and Wireless Company, for $60,000. Gahagan also owned a classical music station, KPGM, in the South Bay area, and he intended to place a classical format on his new Sacramento frequency. In the process of the sale, Flewelling was required to pay a $5,000 fine to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for a series of rule violations. Gahagan was approached by students from California State University, Sacramento who worked at campus radio station KERS (90.7 FM), who suggested that the new station run a "freeform" format similar to KMPX and KSAN in San Francisco. Gahagan agreed, and, on November 8, 1968, 98.5 FM emerged from months of silence as KZAP. The call letters had become available months earlier when a station in Houston changed its own.
KZAP made an immediate impression on the youth audience in Sacramento; in 1970, a year and a half after debuting, Sacramento Bee publisher C. K. McClatchy noted in an editorial that it "has a particular following among young people". KZAP was the first station in the United States to air a commercial for condoms (in 1972), and it was instrumental in securing the end of a hostage situation when KZAP reassured the gunman that he would not be harmed if he emerged without a weapon.
On May 3, 1972, Lee Gahagan unexpectedly died at the age of 27; his death was considered a suicide. His estate sold the station for $200,100 to the New Day Broadcasting Company, led by Ed Beimfohr, the next year. Under New Day, KZAP settled into a format that was becoming known in the industry as album-oriented rock. It also began broadcasting in Stereo Quadraphonic sound in 1974; previous owner Gahagan had been a pioneer in quadraphonic.
Sale to Western Cities and ratings success
It was a 1978 sale that would be even more impactful for KZAP: a $1.4 million sale to Western Cities Broadcasting, owners of stations in Las Vegas and Tucson. While the new owners stated no plans for major changes, January 1979 brought with it a major personnel shuffle and the dismissal of a series of DJs and the program director. Consulted by Burkhart/Abrams with its "Superstars" format, KZAP reversed a two-year ratings slide and claimed the market lead in the spring 1979 Arbitron survey, going from a 2.7 share to an 8.5 and putting a dent in the ratings of format competitor KSFM (102.5 FM). The next year, KZAP would peak in the ratings at a 13.4.
Through the 1980s, KZAP remained competitive in the radio ratings. It also aged with its audience; by 1985, it aired a mix of current and classic rock. However, in November 1990, KROY (96.9 FM) flipped to classic rock as KSEG, "The Eagle". As KSEG and KRXQ (93.7 FM) fought for its listeners, KZAP's ratings fell from a 4.9 in 1990 to a 2.9 in 1991–the lowest figures since Western Cities, now Nationwide Communications, bought the station.
Country formats
On January 20, 1992 at midnight, after playing the song "Cristo Redentor" by Harvey Mandel, KZAP flipped to a country music format known as "Fresh Country 98.5". Shortly thereafter, the station changed its call letters to KNCI, for Nationwide Communications, Incorporated. As part of the format flip, all of the air staff except for the news director were dismissed, with shifts being filled by personalities from two other Nationwide-owned country outlets. The move gave KRAK-FM (Country 105) its first market competitor. A low-power FM station in Sacramento, KZHP-LP, brands itself as "KZAP" in a nod to the legacy of the original station; some of the original KZAP DJs are part of KZHP-LP.
A year later, EZ Communications, which owned KRAK-FM, acquired KNCI-FM for $13 million. In February 1994, KNCI and KRAK-FM swapped frequencies, bringing the KRAK call sign to 98.5 FM. On January 17, 1997, the station shifted its focus to classic country as "Gold Country", differentiating itself from KNCI. The station's ratings were short of stellar.
KRXQ
A $120 million deal between EXCL Communications and American Radio Systems, which had bought EZ Communications in 1996, led to a series of shuffles in the Bay Area and Sacramento that were required in order to meet antitrust conditions. Among them was a frequency swap between KRAK and Entercom-owned active rock station KRXQ, then at 93.7 FM. The swap occurred on March 4, 1998 at 3 p.m., sending the KRAK call letters to 93.7 FM and KRXQ to 98.5 FM, now called "98 Rock". Now on a better signal as a result of the swap, KRXQ continued its active rock format, focusing on the top 25–30 rock singles while mixing in recurrent and classic tracks. Generally, the station had a running library of roughly 300 songs. In the spring of 1999, Entercom fired KRXQ morning drive time hosts the Rise Guys (The Phantom, Whitey Gleason & Justin Case) from their shift and hired the Rob, Arnie and Dawn Show from KDOT in Reno. In this new format on 93.7 FM, the station garnered a 12+ share (ratings) in the lower to mid 4s to lower 5s, and dominated in the target demographic of adults 18–34, and male listeners.
Jim Fox was appointed station manager in late 2003, and he recruited Joe Maumee—a charismatic, gruff-voiced "fun lover"—for the evening time slot. The daily lineup consisted of Rob, Arnie and Dawn in morning drive; long-time staff member Pat Martin (formerly of KGB-FM in San Diego and KMET in Los Angeles) in middays; and Craig the Dogface Boy (Dog) joining in 2004 in afternoons.
In 2004, the FCC fined KRXQ $55,000 for broadcasting indecent material.
Dog and Joe teamed up in 2008 to form the Dog and Joe Show, and Mikey (Mike Muscatello) assuming nights. Mikey left the night show for other opportunities with Cristi briefly taking over the evening timeslot; he later returned to the show. Dog and Joe left KRXQ in March 2017 to host mornings on 93.7 The River, Mikey assuming afternoons and Leeanne nights.
By the late 2000s, the station completed the shift to active rock from mainstream rock with Nielsen BDS going first and Mediabase following suit later. More recently, KRXQ moved back to mainstream rock, featuring a mix of alternative and classic rock along with hip hop tracks that crossed over to the rock chart, such as those from Beastie Boys, Eminem, and House of Pain.
On the weekend of April 29–30, 2006, KRXQ stunted as "The Flannel Channel", playing mostly rock hits from the 1990s with no recent or older songs. The station returned to its regular mainstream rock format on May 1. No on-air explanation was given for the temporary name change. However, according to station manager Jim Fox, the switch was an unannounced publicity stunt to celebrate the release of Pearl Jam's new self-titled album on May 2 and to "scare the listeners". Fox explained off-air:
On May 28, 2009, hosts Rob Williams and Arnie States from the Rob, Arnie, and Dawn Show drew media attention in reference to two news stories regarding transgender children. States said, "God forbid if my son put on a pair of high heels, I would probably hit him with one of my shoes". Williams and States took turns referring to gender dysphoric children as "idiots" and "freaks", who were just out "for attention" and had "a mental disorder that just needs to somehow be gotten out of them", either by verbal abuse on the part of the parents, or even shock therapy. In response, several advertisers (including Snapple, Sonic Drive-In, Carl's Jr, Bank of America, Wells Fargo, Verizon, Chipotle Mexican Grill, AT&T, and McDonald's) temporarily pulled their advertising from KRXQ. Nissan similarly declined to renew an advertising contract with the station.
HD Radio
KRXQ broadcasts in HD Radio with two digital subchannels:
KRXQ-HD1 is a digital simulcast of the analog signal.
KRXQ-HD2 is a digital simulcast of sister station ESPN 1320 (KIFM).
References
External links
Michael Rowe's June 2, 2009 article, "KRXQ Sacramento Radio Hosts Encourage Violence Against Transgender Children"
Michael Rowe's June 6, 2009 article, "KRXQ Sacramento Radio Hosts Have History of Obscenity Involving Children: FCC Report"
RXQ
Active rock radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1959
Audacy, Inc. radio stations
1959 establishments in California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KRXQ |
Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad (KSSP) (meaning: Kerala Science Literature Movement) is a project in the state of Kerala, India.
It was conceived as a people's science movement. When it was founded in 1962, it was a 40-member group consisting of science writers and teachers, with an interest in science from a social perspective. Its membership has grown to about 60,000, in about 2,300 units spread over Kerala. In 1996, the group received the Right Livelihood Award "for its major contribution to a model of development rooted in social justice and popular participation."
Introduction
The original objective of KSSP was limited to publishing scientific literature in Malayalam, the local language, and popularizing science. However it was soon realized that publication and giving lessons were not enough to popularize science. KSSP chose as its mission giving people the tools of science and technology. Thus in 1974, KSSP decided to become a people's science movement and adopted "science for social revolution" as its motto.
It has grown into a people's science movement with a membership of about 60,000 and distributed in about 2,300 units within the state of Kerala. KSSP is involved, broadly in three types of activities: education, agitatative (sic), and constructive(sic), in areas like environment, health, education, energy, literacy, micro planning and development in general.
B Ramesh is the president and Joji Koottummel the general secretary. Intellectuals and activists such as M. K. Prasad, R. V. G. Menon, Kavumbayi Balakrishnan, B. Ekbal,K K Krishnakumar, Prof K R Janardanan, R Radhakrishnan, K. Pappooty, M. P. Parameswaran, Kunhikkannan TP, T Radhamani, Dr K N Ganesh, Dr K P Aravindan, T Gangandharan have been past presidents of the organization.
History
On September 10, 1962, Kozhikode Devagiri College, Principal Fr. Theodosius inaugurated the Kerala Sasthra Sahithya Parishad. K. Bhaskaran Nair was the first president.
Publications
KSSP publishes two monthly magazines, Sastrakeralam for secondary school students and Sastragathi, and a biweekly, Eureka (for primary school students) and a newsletter Parishad Vartha. Eureka and Sastrakeralam are intended for children and the newsletter for members. Sastragathi is the organization's main magazine. KSSP's major contribution is publishing science books in Malayalam with about 700 titles published. One of the books published is Jeevarekha by Dr. M. P. Parameswaran. KSSP has published hundreds of small booklets, related to different issues. LUCA is the online science portal of KSSP.
Research
Kerala Padanam
In 2004, KSSP conducted a survey of the living conditions in Kerala. The survey was titled Kerala Padanam-Keralam engane jeevikkunnu Keralam Engane Chinthikkunnu, translated as The Kerala Study-How Does Kerala Live? How Does Kerala Think?. It covered about 6000 households in the state. The activists spent time with each family to understand their lifestyle and thoughts. The population of Kerala has been divided into four classes or groups. Around 40% of the people are very poor, and only a minority of about 10% of the people belong to the upper middle class and control their state of affairs. The findings were published in a book with the same title as the survey Kerala Padanam-Keralam engane jeevikkunnu Keralam Engane Chinthikkunnu.
Products
KSSP has developed self-reliant products and marketed them though its units and the local offices of the Parishad Production Centre and the Samata Production Center which are attached to district KSSP offices.
Hot box
Hot box is an energy efficient therrmocol box which keeps the temperature constant, saving energy and fuel. It is used for rice cooking and keeping normal food items hot. When rice is cooked normally, the fire is maintained until it is cooked. If the water temperature can be maintained at without further heating, fuel is saved. This is what the Hot Box is designed to do. Rice is cooked in water until it has boiled and the bowl is put in the Hotbox until it is fully cooked.
Portable Biogas Plant
IRTC, the research wing of KSSP has launched another product , the Portable biogas plant. This helps with the proper disposal of waste and conserves energy.
References
External links
Kerala Padanam Website
1962 establishments in Kerala
Education in Kerala
Educational institutions established in 1962
Educational organisations based in India
Environmental organisations based in India
Indic literature societies
Non-profit organisations based in India
Organisations based in Kozhikode
Science and technology in Kerala
Scientific organisations based in India
Social movements in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerala%20Sasthra%20Sahithya%20Parishad |
is the collective name for Hayao Miyazaki's annotated manga and illustrated essays he contributed, very sporadically, to the hobby magazine Model Graphix in the 1980s and early ’90s. The name has also been translated into English as Hayao Miyazaki's Random Thoughts Notebook. Game designer Kazuma Kujo stated in a 2012 Retro Gamer article that the book served as inspiration during development of Metal Slug.
Development
The Daydream Notes began as private sketches that can be traced back to Miyazaki's earliest childhood. Born in 1941 he, like war babies all over Europe, drew almost exclusively planes, tanks and battleships.
Media
Magazine
Installments of Daydream Notes were irregularly printed. Episodes occasionally appeared in the November 1984 through May 1990 issues of the monthly magazine Model Graphix.
Books
Selections from his Daydream Notes have been bundled in book form, published by Dainippon Kaiga in December 1992. In August 1997 a revised and expanded edition was released by the same publisher. The first edition does not contain Hikōtei Jidai.
The annotated manga is not included in either edition but appears in a different collection, , published, by Dainippon Kaiga, in August 2002.
Installments / Contents
Shirarezaru Kyojin no Mattei
Kōtetsu no Ikuji
Tahōtō no Deban
Noufu no Me
Ryū no Kōtetsu
Kyūshū Jōkū no Jūgōsakuki
Kōshahōtō
Q-ship
Anshōmaru Monogatari
London Jōkuu 1918-nen
Saihin Zensen
Hikōtei Jidai, an early version of Porco Rosso
Buta no Tora
Radio broadcast
In 1995, Miyazaki's Daydream Notes was turned into a series of radio broadcasts for Nippon Broadcasting System. When commenting on this dramatisation in an interview for Tokuma Shoten's Animage magazine, Miyazaki explains his political stance as an opponent of Japan's rearmament and contrasts this with his lifelong interests in war, military affairs and military hardware. He explains that he expresses this fascination by drawing the fantastical craft, which are then published in Model Graphix, a magazine for scale model creation. He said that he did his best drawings when he was serializing his manga Nausicaä, "After staying up till dawn drawing the last manga pages to meet the printer's deadline, I would draw these models the next day; each would take a week. […] In essence it is my hobby to draw seemingly real vehicles, it works as my psychological release valve."
Notes
References
Bibliography
.
.
External links
Comics by Hayao Miyazaki | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayao%20Miyazaki%27s%20Daydream%20Data%20Notes |
Sir Antony Rupert Jay, (20 April 1930 – 21 August 2016) was an English writer and broadcaster. With Jonathan Lynn, he co-wrote the British political comedies Yes Minister and Yes, Prime Minister (1980–88). He also wrote The Householder's Guide to Community Defence Against Bureaucratic Aggression (1972).
For his career as a broadcaster and in public relations, Jay received a knighthood in the 1988 New Year Honours. He also wrote the 1969 BBC television documentary Royal Family and wrote a 1992 book about Elizabeth II called Elizabeth R, after which he was appointed a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order for personal services to the royal family in the 1993 New Years Honours list.
Early life and education
Jay was born in Paddington, London, the son of Ernest Jay, a character actor, and Catherine (Hay) Jay. He was educated at St Paul's School and Magdalene College, Cambridge, graduating with first-class honours in Classics and comparative philology.
Career
After National Service in the Royal Signals, he joined BBC Television in 1955, and was a member of the team that launched the current affairs programme Tonight, of which he was editor from 1962 to 1963. From 1963 to 1964 he was Head of Television Talk Features, before leaving the BBC (on Wednesday 8 April 1964) to pursue a career as a freelance writer and producer.
In politics he rendered political services to the Conservative Party of Margaret Thatcher, which included writing speeches for politicians including Geoffrey Howe.
He was knighted in 1988 and remained a mordant observer of politics, including those of the broadcasters themselves. He was interviewed in the BBC TV documentary series Tory! Tory! Tory! and The Trap. Jay was a partner with John Cleese in the Video Arts training film production company.
Views and advocacy
Jay's political views were right-wing and he was a supporter of market economics. In 2007, he alleged anti-establishment thinking by the BBC and news media outlets such as The Guardian. He said of his time working at the BBC: "We were not just anti-Macmillan. We were anti-industry, anti-capitalism, anti-advertising, anti-selling, anti-profit, anti-patriotism, anti-monarchy, anti-Empire, anti-police, anti-armed forces, anti-bomb, anti-authority. Almost anything that made the world a freer, safer and more prosperous place, you name it, we were anti it."
His 2008 report for the Centre for Policy Studies, How to Save the BBC, advocated the abolition of the licence fee and the television service being reduced to one channel.
Books
Jay wrote books on management and business practices. His first best-seller, Management and Machiavelli (1967), originally sold 250,000 copies worldwide. This was followed by an analysis of how business really worked in the 20th century. Corporation Man (1971) was described at the time as "a brilliant mixture of evolutionary theory drawn from such works as African Genesis and The Naked Ape". His Householders' Guide to Community Defence Against Bureaucratic Aggression was published in 1972.
Death
Jay died on 21 August 2016 at the age of 86.
Family
Jay married Jill Watkins in 1957; they had four children.
References
External links
Obituary in the Guardian newspaper 23 August 2016
Obituary in the Independent online newspaper 23 August 2016
Obituary in the Telegraph newspaper 23 August 2016
New West End play by Sir Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn, yesprimeminister.co.uk
Article by Antony for the Harvard Business Review
1930 births
2016 deaths
20th-century English writers
Alumni of Magdalene College, Cambridge
BBC television producers
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order
Conservative Party (UK) people
English television producers
English television writers
Knights Bachelor
People educated at St Paul's School, London
People from Paddington
Royal Corps of Signals soldiers
Writers from London
Yes Minister
20th-century British Army personnel
20th-century British businesspeople | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antony%20Jay |
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