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is a manga created by Naoko Takeuchi. The series revolves around the character Minako Aino, a cheerful schoolgirl who finds out that she has magical powers that she must use to protect the people of the Earth. Codename: Sailor V is the basis for its sequel, Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon.
Plot
Minako Aino is a 13-year-old young middle school student who is slightly distracted, out-spoken and dreams about someday finding her true love and boyfriend. One day, she encounters a talking white cat with a crescent moon on its forehead named Artemis. He reveals that Minako possesses the magical ability to transform into a much stronger, more powerful, and more beautiful girl than anyone.
He calls her "Sailor Venus" and tells her she has a mission to protect Earth in the name of her guardian planet Venus. To help her with her new mission, Artemis gives her two items, a crescent moon shaped compact and a magical pen. The magical pen allows her to transform into the Soldier of Justice: Sailor V.
Minako begins fighting the evil agents known as the Dark Agency, who fight under Danburite's command. He is in charge of sending his many talented idols to enslave the public.
Minako has many adventures as a Soldier of Justice, some sparking the envy and admiration of the police force. She also later gains the aid of Saijyo Ace, who had for a moment taken her spotlight due to his popular TV show.
Eventually, Minako realizes that her duty is more important than romance and discovers her true identity as Sailor Venus. From there, she decides to search for the other four Sailor Guardians and the Moon princess.
Release
Codename: Sailor V made its debut as a one-shot in the summer vacation issue of the manga magazine RunRun, published on August 3, 1991. It returned as a serial in RunRun, which lasted until July 3, 1997. Kodansha compiled the fifteen chapters into three Tankōbon or "Bound Volumes" and published them from December 18, 1993 to November 6, 1997. In 2004, the series was re-released in Japan as a two-volume Shinsōban or "Deluxe Edition" with revised artwork and dialogue. This release also saw the final, fifteenth, chapter split into two giving this release sixteen chapters total. The two volumes were released on October 28, 2004 and November 20, 2004. On May 27, 2014 Codename: Sailor V was published in a two-volume Kanzenban or "Complete Edition". This has a premium release with A5 sized paper and has new covers based on the covers of the original release. On February 28, 2019, Codename: Sailor V was published in a two-volume Bunkoban or "Takeuchi Naoko Bunko Collection" edition of the manga which is a smaller version of the Kanzenban with similar covers.
An OVA series was teased in promotional materials, but never came to fruition as RunRun magazine, which had led the project, closed.
In North America, the original Japanese release was never officially localized into English. Kodansha USA licensed the "Deluxe Edition" of Codename: Sailor V for an English-language release, alongside its re-printing of the Sailor Moon manga. The two volumes released on September 13, 2011 and November 15, 2011. On March 18, 2020, Kodansha USA announced Codename: Sailor V Eternal Edition that features new cover art, a new translation, and color pages from the original serialization. It is an English-language release of the Japanese "Complete Edition." Both volumes were scheduled for release on January 5, 2021, but they were delayed with the first volume releasing September 28, 2021 and the second on November 9, 2021.
The series has also been translated into other languages, including Indonesian by Elex Media Komputindo, French and Spanish by Glenat; German by Egmont Manga & Anime; Italian by Star Edizioni and later by GP Publishing, serialized in its manga magazine Amici; and Polish by JPF.
Chapters
Tankōbon editions
Shinsōban editions
Kanzenban editions
Bunkoban editions
Reception
For the week of 11 September 2011 to 17 September 2011, Codename: Sailor V was second on The New York Times Manga Best Sellers list, behind the first volume of Sailor Moon. The following week, it was again second on the list behind the first volume of Sailor Moon. The week after that, it slipped to third place. For the week of 9 October - 15 October, it reappeared at eighth place, the next week appearing at ninth. For the week of 6–12 November 2011, the first volume appeared at #2 on the list, above Sailor Moon for the first time. The following week, the second volume of Codename: Sailor V appeared at #2 on the list, and the first volume did not appear. For the week of 20–26 November, the second volume placed third on the list. On the BookScan Top 20 Graphic Novels of November 2011, the second volume placed third, and the first volume placed thirteenth.
Brigid Alverson of MTV Geek described Codename: Sailor V as feeling like a rough draft of Sailor Moon. Ed Sizemore felt from Comics Worth Reading Sailor V had less character development than Sailor Moon, feeling that this was not a drawback. Sean Gaffney of Manga Bookshelf notes that unlike Usagi, Minako performs her missions alone, and describes the tone of the manga as an " action comedy". Writing for Anime News Network, Rebecca Silverman noted that most of Sailor V is episodic, but feels it is worth reading due to the insights it gives into Minako's character, and the groundwork it lays for Sailor Moon. Katherine Dacey wrote for Manga Critic that while an adult may see the series as "repetitive, hokey, and poorly drawn", a child would see it as an "appealing fantasy in which an ordinary girl can assume a new, powerful identity" to defeat bullies and evil. Dacey sees Codename Sailor V's strength as being Minako's enthusiastic character. The Fandom Post's Matthew Warner saw the book as being a "lighthearted spoof" of magical girl titles.
References
External links
Code Name: Sailor V - a novelization of the manga at The Manga of Takeuchi Naoko
1991 manga
1997 comics endings
Japanese idols in anime and manga
Kodansha manga
Magical girl anime and manga
Manga series
Romance anime and manga
Sailor Moon
Shōjo manga | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codename%3A%20Sailor%20V |
Jann Browne (born March 14, 1954) is an American country music singer. She moved to Southern California in 1978 where she performed in a number of Orange County country bars. From 1981 through 1983, before her solo career, she was a vocalist with the Western swing group Asleep at the Wheel. She has recorded four studio albums, and has charted three singles on the Hot Country Songs charts. Her highest single is the 1990s "Tell Me Why" at No. 18. She was named "Female Entertainer of the Year", and her song "Louisville" was named "Song of the Year", by the California Country Music Association. In 1990, she was nominated for Top New Female Vocalist at the Academy of Country Music Awards, along with Daniele Alexander and Mary Chapin Carpenter, but lost to Carpenter.
Discography
Albums
Singles
Notes:
A "Mexican Wind" did not chart on Hot Country Songs, but peaked at No. 2 on Hot Country Radio Breakouts.
Music videos
Awards and nominations
References
External links
Jann Browne official site
1954 births
American women country singers
American country singer-songwriters
Asleep at the Wheel members
Country musicians from Indiana
Musicians from Anderson, Indiana
Living people
Curb Records artists
21st-century American women
Singer-songwriters from Indiana | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jann%20Browne |
Sanjay Raul (born 6 October 1976) is an Indian cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm offbreak bowler.
Sanjay Raul is a strokeful middle order batsman who started his international debut as part of India 'A' tour of Pakistan in early 1998. He played both of his ODIs against Pakistan at Skating & Curling Club, Toronto in 1998, but failed to perform well in the two matches. His best domestic season was in 1996/97, when he made 644 runs and took 37 wickets, and topped the batting and bowling averages for Odisha. Now he is a professional match referee on OCA. He has also played domestic cricket for Tripura. He was the Captain of India national under-19 cricket team in the year 1995/96. He was also the Captain of Odisha cricket team.
External links
India One Day International cricketers
Indian cricketers
Odisha cricketers
East Zone cricketers
Tripura cricketers
1976 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Cuttack
Cricketers from Odisha | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanjay%20Raul |
Mapudungun, the language of the Mapuche of modern south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina, did not have a writing system when the Spanish arrived. There have been a number of proposals for orthographies or Mapudungun alphabets, all of them using Latin script, but no consensus has yet been achieved between authorities, linguists and Mapuche communities on the one to be used.
The main systems (in order of proposal) are the following:
Alfabeto Mapuche Unificado ("Unified Alphabet"), used by Chilean and Mapuche linguists and used in most of the scientific literature about the language.
Grafemario Raguileo, made by Anselmo Raguileo Lincopil (1922–1992), who was a linguist of Mapuche origin. This orthography is supported by the indigenous Mapuche organization Consejo de Todas las Tierras.
Nhewenh, an online proposal by Heinrich Puschmann, based on the latin character set to facilitate international usage on the Internet.
Azumchefi (also called Azümchefe), proposed by the Corporación Nacional de Desarrollo Indígena (CONADI) as a summary of about six earlier proposals, and recognized by the Chilean Ministry of Education, but not widely used.
Wirizüŋun, of unknown origin.
A more thorough look at the sounds of Mapudungun is available here.
Consonants
Mapudungun has the following consonant system.
(*) Raguileo does not distinguish between and or between and . Also, Raguileo aims to use only one grapheme for each phoneme (no digraphs) so it uses some letters from the alphabet in an unexpected way. Wirizüŋun also does not distinguish between and .
(*) , which is spelled "tr" is also pronounced [].
Vowels
Mapudungun has six vowels. The three high vowels also have corresponding approximant consonants.
References
Bibliography
Latin alphabets
.Alphabet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapudungun%20alphabet |
The Meta Sudans (Latin: "sweating turning post") was a large monumental conical fountain in ancient Rome.
The Meta Sudans was built some time between 89 and 96 under the Flavian emperors, a few years after the completion of the nearby Colosseum. It was built between the Colosseum and the Temple of Venus and Roma, close to the later Arch of Constantine, at the juncture of four regions of ancient Rome: regions I, III, IV, X (and perhaps II).
A meta was a tall conical object in a Roman circus that stood at either end of the central spina, around which racing chariots would turn. The Meta Sudans had the same shape, and also functioned as a similar kind of turning point, in that it marked the spot where a Roman triumphal procession would turn left from the via Triumphalis along the east side of the Palatine onto the via Sacra and into the Forum Romanum itself.
The Meta Sudans was built of a brick and concrete core, faced with marble. It seems to have "sweated" the water (sudans means "sweating"), rather than jetting it out the top. This may mean that it oozed out the top, or perhaps that water came from holes in its side. The monument is estimated to have stood up to 17 m tall; until the 20th century, its concrete core was still over 9 m high. It had a base pool 16 m wide and 1.4 m deep.
The fountain was obviously damaged in the Middle Ages because it already appears as a ruin in early views of the Colosseum. Photos from the end of the 19th century show a conical structure of solid bricks next to the Arch of Constantine, surrounded by its own original, reflecting stone pool. The ruins of Meta Sudans survived until the 20th century. In 1936 Benito Mussolini had its remains wantonly demolished and paved over to make room for the new traffic circle around the Colosseum. A commemorative plaque was set in the road. Although the above-ground structure is gone, its foundations were later re-excavated, revealing the extensive substructure. After another excavation in 1997-98 the traffic circle was closed and the area became a pedestrian district.
Extensive excavations directed by Clementina Panella of the University of Rome "La Sapienza" have revealed extensive archaeological information about the Meta Sudans and the northeast slope of the Palatine Hill.
References
Sources
"Meta Sudans" From Samuel Ball Platner, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, rev. Thomas Ashby. Oxford, 1929, p. 340-341.
Coarelli, Filippo, Guida Archeologica di Roma, Milano: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 1989, .
Claridge, Amanda, Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide, New York: Oxford University Press, 1998, .
ROMA – VALLE DEL COLOSSEO – PALATINO NORD-ORIENTALE
Panella, Clementina. 1996. Meta sudans. I: Un'area sacra in Palatio e la valle del Colosseo prima e dopo Nerone. Rome: Istituto poligrafico e zecca dello stato : Libreria dello Stato.
External links
Meta Sudans article on LacusCurtius web site.
Conjectured reconstruction of the Meta Sudans
Description in the site of the "Soprintendenza Speciale per il Colosseo, il MNR e l'Area Archeologica di Roma"
Buildings and structures completed in the 1st century
Ancient Roman buildings and structures in Rome
Rome R. I Monti | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta%20Sudans |
Llano Estacado Winery is a winery located in Lubbock, Texas. It is one of the oldest wineries in Texas.
History
In 1976, Llano Estacado Winery was established in southeast Lubbock County, Texas, while it was still a dry county. The state legislature passed a bill two years later permitting wine production in dry counties. The winery planted its first vineyard in 1978.
References
External links
Official site: http://www.llanowine.com/
Companies based in Lubbock, Texas
Wineries in Texas
1976 establishments in Texas
American companies established in 1976 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llano%20Estacado%20Winery |
East Charlotte is an unincorporated village and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Charlotte, Chittenden County, Vermont, United States. It was first listed as a CDP prior to the 2020 census.
The village is in southwestern Chittenden County, in the eastern part of the town of Charlotte, at the intersection of Hinesburg Road and Spear Street. It is east of West Charlotte, west of Hinesburg, and south of Shelburne.
References
Populated places in Chittenden County, Vermont
Census-designated places in Chittenden County, Vermont
Census-designated places in Vermont | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20Charlotte%2C%20Vermont |
Claude Alphonso Alvares is an Indian environmentalist based in Goa. Alvares is the editor of the Other India Press and Director of the Goa Foundation, an environmental monitoring action group that has filed successful public interest litigation cases.
Alvares is a member of the Goa Coastal Zone Management Authority of the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF). He is also a member of the Supreme Court Monitoring Committee (SCMC) on Hazardous Wastes constituted by the Supreme Court of India.
Early life
Alvares was born in Bombay to Mangalorean Catholic parents. He grew up in Khotachiwadi and attended St. Xavier's College, where he meet his future wife Norma. In 1976, Alvares completed a PhD from the School of Philosophy and Social Sciences at the Eindhoven University of Technology. He and his family moved to Goa in 1977. After starting a short-lived rural development project, Alvares began writing for The Illustrated Weekly of India while Norma studied law. She completed her degree in 1985.
Goa Foundation
In 1986, the Parliament of India passed the Environmental Protection Act. Together with like-minded Goans, the Alvares founded the Goa Foundation in that same year to increase societal awareness and combat evasion of the new environmental standards. In 1987, the Foundation filed its first public interest litigation case against sand miners who were causing erosion of the local beaches; represented in court by Adv. Ferdino Rebello, the Foundation was successful in halting this activity. The Foundation also filed cases against Ramada and other beach resort developers who were flouting building codes.
Other activism
Alvares has campaigned against genetically modified crops. His 1986 Illustrated Weekly of India article "The Great Gene Robbery" criticized the U.S.-funded International Rice Research Institute's program to replace indigenous crop varieties with their own less-robust ones. He also opposed Monsanto's attempts to market genetically-modified versions of vegetables such as brinjal.
Alvares founded the Other India Bookstore in Mapusa during the 80's; in 1990, he also founded Other India Press to publish books on organic farming, homeschooling, and the environment.
Personal life
Alvares lives at Parra, Goa with his wife Padma Sri Norma Alvares, an environmental lawyer and their three children, Rahul, Samir and Milind.
Writings
Author
Homo faber: technology and culture in India, China and the West from 1500 to the present day, The Hague [etc.]: Nijhoff, 1980, New edition: The Hague [etc.]: Nijhoff, 2007 - Indian edition: De-Colonizing History: Technology and Culture in India, China and the West: 1492 to the Present Day, - The Other India Press, Goa, 1991 - Paperback Edition: Decolonizing History: Technology and Culture in India, China and the West 1492 to the Present Day, Apex Press, 3rd edition 1991,
"The Great Gene Robbery", published in the Illustrated Weekly of India in 1986.
"Science", in: The Development Dictionary, ed. by Wolfgang Sachs, London and New Jersey: Zed Books, 1992, pp. 219–232
Science, development and violence. the revolt against modernity, Delhi [etc.]: Oxford University Press, 1992
"Goa may be worse than Bellary", Deccan Herald, Bangalore, 2 October 2011
Editor
Another Revolution Fails: Investigation into How and Why India's Operation Flood Project Went Off the Rails, Ajanta Publications 1987,
Unwanted guest: Goans v/s Du Pont, Mapusa: Other India Press, 1991
(with Merryl Wyn-Davis) The Blinded Eye: 500 Years of Christopher Columbus, Other India Press, 1993
Organic Farming Source Book, Other India Press, 1996
Fish Curry and Rice - a source book on Goa, its ecology and life-style, 4. rev. ed., Mapusa: Goa Foundation, 2002,
Multiversity: Freeing Children from the Tyranny of Schooling, Other India Press, 2006,
See also
Science and technology studies in India
References
External links
Goa Foundation
Other India Bookstore
Multiversity
Green Goa Works
Organic Farming Association of India
Living people
Writers from Goa
Indian non-fiction environmental writers
Eindhoven University of Technology alumni
Indian editors
Indian technology writers
20th-century Indian non-fiction writers
Indian botanical writers
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude%20Alvares |
Henry Gonzalez may refer to:
Henry B. González (1916–2000), politician from the state of Texas
Henry C. Gonzalez, city council member in South Gate, California, USA
Henry Gonzalez Vega (born 1993), Costa Rican gymnast | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Gonzalez |
Olga Talamante (born 1950) is a Chicana political activist and the past executive director of the California-based Chicana/Latina Foundation.
Early life
Talamante was born in Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico, to Eduardo and Refugio Talamante. Her father was Mexican and her mother was a Mexican-American from Lompoc, California. At the age of eleven, she and her family moved to Gilroy, an agricultural community.
She learned English and excelled in her studies, being elected president of her sophomore class and vice president of her senior class at Gilroy High School. She became a naturalized U.S. citizen, and attended the University of California, Santa Cruz, graduating with a degree in Latin American studies.
Activism
There she became active in the anti-Vietnam War peace movement and the Chicano Movement. While doing a field study in Chiapas, Mexico, she came into contact with many Argentines who told her of recent leftist political successes in their country. After graduating, Talamante decided to go to Argentina, and arrived shortly after the election of the Peronist Justicialist Party candidate for president Héctor José Cámpora. She arrived in Azul, Buenos Aires Province, and began working for Juventud Peronista, a poverty-relief agency, in one of the city's poorest sectors.
After the death of Juan Perón, who had resumed control of the government of Argentina after Cámpora's resignation, the Peronist party split into left- and right-wing factions, with the conservatives supporting the government of Isabel Perón, which banned political assembly.
Imprisonment
In November 1974, Talamante was arrested in Azul, Argentina for political activity, and subsequently imprisoned and tortured.
The Olga Talamante Defense Committee petitioned the United States Congress and State Department for her release. By the time she was freed on March 27, 1976, Talamante had become nationally known. She returned to the San Francisco Bay Area, where she began working for the Argentine Commission for Human Rights.
In her capacity as a representative of the Argentine Commission for Human Rights, she was involved in the case of United States vs. Horacio Daniel Lofredo..
After being released, Talamante continued working with other minority causes in the United States. She was the Western branch Vice President of INROADS, an association aimed at helping Hispanic, African American and Native American business and engineering students to gain college scholarships.
Other jobs
Talamante has worked with Head Start, the YMCA, and the American Friends Service Committee.
Talamante became first executive director of the Chicana/Latina Foundation in January 2003, joining such other notables as artist Viviana Paredes, real estate agent Lorena Hernandez, civil rights advocate Frances E. Contreras, and doctor Olga E. Terrazas, among others, in the organization.
Talamante has served as co-chair of the board of the National Center for Lesbian Rights.
Awards
Talamante has been the recipient of a number of community awards in the San Francisco area, including the KQED-TV award for "heroes and heroines of the Latino community', the Girl Scouts of the USA Daisy award, the Hispanic Magazine "Diversity award", and the "Women Making History Award" from the San Francisco Commission on the Status of Women.
Personal life
Talamante is openly lesbian.
References
External links
Biography from the Chicana/Latina Foundation
"Surviving to tell the tale of torture", Los Angeles Times op-ed
1950 births
Living people
American activists
Mexican emigrants to the United States
Talamante,Olga
Talamante,Olga
American torture victims
Gilroy High School alumni
University of California, Santa Cruz alumni
People from Gilroy, California
LGBT people from California
LGBT Hispanic and Latino American people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olga%20Talamante |
Tell Me Why is the début studio album by American country music artist Jann Browne. Three singles from the album rose to positions on the Billboard Country Singles charts: "You Ain't Down Home" at #19, "Tell Me Why" at #18, and "Louisville" at #75. Also featured on the album is a cover of The Davis Sisters' "I Forgot More Than You'll Ever Know," a duet with veteran rockabilly artist Wanda Jackson. Emmylou Harris provides backing vocals on "Mexican Wind." The album rose to #46 on the Billboard Country Albums chart.
Track listing
Personnel
Byron Berline - fiddle, mandolin
Michael Bowden - bass
Jann Browne - vocals, background vocals
Bill Bryson - bass
James Burton - guitar
Sam Bush - mandolin
John Cowan - bass
Iris DeMent - harp, harmony vocals
Steve Fishell - resonator guitar, steel guitar, lap steel guitar, pedal steel, Weissenborn
Béla Fleck - banjo
Rosie Flores - background vocals
Pat Flynn - acoustic guitar
Glen D. Hardin - piano
Emmylou Harris - harmony vocals
Wanda Jackson - vocals
John Jorgenson - mandolin, Spanish guitar
Albert Lee - electric guitar, acoustic guitar
Richard MacDonald - bass, acoustic guitar
John Molo - drums
Weldon Myrick - steel guitar, pedal steel
Harry Stinson - background vocals
Billy Thomas - drums, percussion, background vocals
Wanda Vick - fiddle, acoustic guitar
Don Whaley - bass, background vocals
Cover Version
In 2002 Dwight Yoakam covered "Louisville" for his box set 'Reprise Please Baby.'
Chart performance
References
1990 debut albums
Jann Browne albums
Curb Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tell%20Me%20Why%20%28Jann%20Browne%20album%29 |
Arnold Herbert Johnson (November 15, 1921 – April 10, 2000) was an American actor who played the lead role in the film Putney Swope (1969); in the film, his voice was dubbed by Robert Downey, Sr., allegedly because Johnson could never remember his lines. Johnson appeared in Shaft (1971) as Cul, a friend of John Shaft and the owner of a shoeshine parlor. He also played a role in the film My Demon Lover (1987) and had roles in Rocky (1976) and Menace II Society (1993), as Thomas, the religious Christian grandfather of the lead character Caine (played by Tyrin Turner).
Examples of his television work include recurring roles as George "Hutch" Hutton in Sanford and Son and as Fletcher, Mother Winslow's second husband, on the sitcom Family Matters. He guest-starred as Uncle Buddy in a Christmas episode of The Jeffersons, titled "George Finds a Father". He also guest-starred as Hubert Johnson on Good Times in the episode titled "A Place to Die".
Johnson died in Los Angeles, California at the age of 78.
Filmography
Putney Swope (1969) as Putney
Shaft (1971) as Cul
Pipe Dreams (1976) as Johnny Monday
Rocky (1976) as Apollo's lawyer
A Hero Ain't Nothin' but a Sandwich (1978) as Patient
American Hot Wax (1978) as Arnold, Musician in Bar
On the Nickel (1980)
Honky Tonk Freeway (1981) as Bank Bum
Chu Chu and the Philly Flash (1981) as Bum
Racing with the Moon (1984) as Tattoo Artist
Oh, God! You Devil (1984) as Preacher
My Demon Lover (1987) as Fixer
Weeds (1987) as Inmate
The Seventh Sign (1988) as Janitor
Sunset (1988) as George
Piramiddo no kanata ni: White Lion densetsu (1989)
The Five Heartbeats (1991) as Mr. Matthews
Menace II Society (1993) as Thomas Lawson
References
External links
1921 births
2000 deaths
Male actors from Brooklyn
African-American male actors
American male film actors
American male television actors
20th-century American male actors
20th-century African-American people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold%20Johnson%20%28actor%29 |
KKFS (103.9 MHz The Fish) is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Lincoln, California, and serving the Sacramento metropolitan area. The station carries a Christian contemporary radio format and is owned by the Salem Media Group, which also owns KFIA, KTKZ and KSAC-FM. Salem uses "The Fish" as its branding for Christian contemporary stations in Los Angeles, Atlanta, Nashville and Cleveland.
KKFS has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 6,000 watts. The transmitter is on Cherry Hill Road near Interstate 80 in Newcastle.
History
On November 8, 1974, the station first signed on the air. Its original city of license was Yuba City and it held the call sign KHEX.
In 2003, the station was sold to First Broadcasting which relaunched the station with an all 1980's music format and using the moniker "Flash 103.9". In 2005, the station was sold to Bustos Media which then spun the station off to Salem Communications. Salem moved the company's "Fish" Christian contemporary music format over from 105.5 to 103.9. 105.5 then flipped to a business news and information format as KSAC-FM.
References
External links
103.9 The Fish official website
KFS
KFS
Radio stations established in 1974
Salem Media Group properties
1974 establishments in California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KKFS |
Sergio Cervato (; 22 March 1929 – 9 October 2005) was an Italian footballer who played as a defender.
Club career
Cervato was born in Carmignano di Brenta, province of Padua. Playing for Fiorentina, he formed a formidable defensive partnership with Ardico Magnini; despite being a left-back, however, Cervato often contributed to the Viola's attacks, scoring 31 goals during his 10 years in Florence.
During the 1955–56 Serie A season, Cervato won the Serie A title ("Scudetto") with Fiorentina as the club's captain, his only title with the club; the 1955–56 title-winning side under Fulvio Bernardini lost just one game – the last one at Genoa – and is regarded as one of the best Serie A teams of all time. Following the team's Serie A triumph, the squad narrowly missed out on several more league titles, finishing as runners-up for the next four consecutive years in 1957, 1958, 1959 and 1960. During his time with Fiorentina, Cervato also helped the club to reach the 1957 European Cup Final; despite a strong performance, Fiorentina were defeated 2–0 by Real Madrid.
After leaving the Florence side in 1959, Cervato won 2 more league titles with Fiorentina's rivals Juventus. He ended his career in 1965 with Spal Ferrara in Serie B. In Serie A he played a total of 466 matches and scored 45 goals.
International career
With the Italy national team, Cervato obtained 28 international caps, scored 4 goals, and participated at the 1954 FIFA World Cup.
Style of play
One of the finest defenders of Serie A, Cervato was a quick and tireless competitor. As a left-back, he often contributed to his team's attacks; he also boasted a fierce shot and took both penalties and free-kicks.
Managing career
After he retired, Cervato managed the Pescara, Empoli, and Fiorentina youth teams.
Death
Cervato died at 76 years old in Florence.
Honours
Fiorentina
Serie A Winners: 1955–56; Runner-up: 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59
European Cup Runner-up: 1956–57
Coppa Italia Runner-up: 1958–59, 1959–60
Juventus
Serie A Winners: 1959–60, 1960–61
Coppa Italia Winners: 1959–60
References
External links
Scudetto 1955–56 Team
Fiorentina All Time Eleven
All Time Domestic Appearances
International Appearances
1929 births
2005 deaths
Footballers from the Province of Padua
Italian men's footballers
Italy men's international footballers
Men's association football defenders
ACF Fiorentina players
Juventus FC players
SPAL players
1954 FIFA World Cup players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Italian football managers
Delfino Pescara 1936 managers
Empoli FC managers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergio%20Cervato |
It Only Hurts When I Laugh is the second album by Jann Browne. Among its highlights are a cover of Nanci Griffith's "I Wish It Would Rain," the title song "It Only Hurts When I Laugh" (penned by Kostas and Marty Stuart), "Where the Sidewalk Ends" (later recorded by George Strait for the soundtrack to his acting debut in the motion picture, Pure Country), and the old country standard "My Shoes Keep Walking Back to You."
Track listing
"Better Love Next Time" (Gail Davies, Paul Kennerley) – 2:54
"I Wish It Would Rain" (Nanci Griffith) – 3:01
"It Only Hurts When I Laugh" (Kostas, Marty Stuart) – 2:35
"I Knew Enough to Fall in Love with You" (Gary Nicholson, Hank DeVito) – 3:18
"Blue Heart in Memphis" (Jann Browne, Pat Gallagher) – 3:38
"My Shoes Keep Walking Back to You" (Lee Ross, Bob Wills) – 2:55
"Who's Gonna Be Your Next Love" (Browne, Gallagher) – 2:42
"I Don't Do Floors" (Don Cook, Chick Rains) – 2:59
"Where the Sidewalk Ends" (Jim Lauderdale, John Leventhal) – 3:21
"Where Nobody Knows My Name" (John Hiatt, Jimmy Tittle) – 5:05
1991 albums
Jann Browne albums
Curb Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%20Only%20Hurts%20When%20I%20Laugh%20%28album%29 |
The Sendai International Music Competition is a triennial violin and piano music competition held in Sendai, Japan, presented in association with the Sendai International Music Competition Organizing Committee, City of Sendai and the Sendai Cultural Foundation. In the competition there is no overall winner, rather there are six winners each from the violin and piano categories, with the first-placed winners receiving the highest prize. Although the competition is international, most award-winners have been from either Europe or Asia. The first award-winner from outside those continents was American Sean Kennard, who finished fifth in the 2004 competition's piano category.
History
The Sendai International Music Competition is held every three years. at the Sendai City Youth Cultural Centre in Japan. It has the stated purpose of "contributing to the development of world musical culture and the promotion of international cultural exchange through the discovery of young talented musicians". It was established in 2001 to commemorate Sendai City's 400th anniversary, and has been a member of the World Federation of International Music Competitions (WFIMC) since 2005. Five competitions have been held, the most recent being in 2013, with the next scheduled to take place on 21 May to 26 June 2016.
Format
The competition consists of four stages: a pre-selection round, followed by a preliminary round, and then the semi-final and the final rounds in which all pieces are performed with an orchestra. The competition is split into two categories: violin and piano. The number of contestants who progress from the preliminary round to the semi-finals cannot exceed 12 and the contestants passing through to the final cannot exceed six. In the preliminary, semi-final, and final stages of the competition the performances are chosen from a predetermined repertoire; the contestants must choose a different piece for each round. The judging panel decides the placing of the prizewinners from first through sixth. The prize money is as follows:
Winners
The first competition was held in 2001. Chinese Mengla Huang and Bulgarian Svetlin Roussev topped the violin category and the Italian Giuseppe Andaloro took first prize in the piano section. In the second tournament in 2004, Japanese Saeka Matsuyama won the violin part in the final and Xiaotang Tan from China came in first place in the piano category. In the 2007 finals, which contained five Russian contestants, the violin section was topped by Russian Alena Baeva while in the piano category the Japanese Yuya Tsuda came first. The 2010 violin competition was won by the German/South Korean Clara-Jumi Kang, while Vadym Kholodenko of Ukraine won the piano competition. As of 2013 there have been five competitions.
2001
2004
2007
2010
2013
2016
2019
2022
References
General
2001 Violin Prize-Winners. Sendai International Music Competition. Retrieved on 22 May 2008.
2001 Piano Prize-Winners. Sendai International Music Competition. Retrieved on 22 May 2008.
2004 Violin Prize-Winners. Sendai International Music Competition. Retrieved on 22 May 2008.
2004 Piano Prize-Winners. Sendai International Music Competition. Retrieved on 22 May 2008.
2007 Prize-Winners. Sendai International Music Competition. Retrieved on 22 May 2008.
Specific
External links
Official website | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sendai%20International%20Music%20Competition |
Arianna may refer to:
Ariana (name), a given name
Opera
L'Arianna, (English: Arianna), by Monteverdi, first performed 1608
Arianna (Marcello), by Benedetto Marcello, first concert performance 1727
Arianna in Creta, by Handel, first performed 1734
Arianna (Goehr), by Alexander Goehr, first performed 1995
Other uses
Arianna (film), 2015
ARIANNA Experiment, a proposed neutrino detector at the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Arianna (yacht), a 2012 luxury megayacht
See also
Ariana (disambiguation)
Ariane (disambiguation)
Ariadne (disambiguation)
Aria (region), sometimes confused with Ariana
Aryana (TV series) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arianna |
Maurice Deebank is a classically trained English guitarist. He was the co-founder and lead guitarist of the British indie band Felt from its debut album until 1985, and was responsible for the ornate, atmospheric guitar work found on many of the band's early recordings. During his tenure in Felt he co-wrote most of its material with frontman Lawrence.
Career
Deebank was brought up in Water Orton on the eastern edge of Birmingham, where he attended the local school and knew the other founder members of Felt, without particularly being friends with them. He is considered to be a prodigy, a unique compositional voice and "father of indie guitar". He has also been cited as a major influence by the Smiths' Johnny Marr, as well as many other mainstream and alternative indie acts. Felt had released their first single "Index" in 1979, which had unexpectedly been made Single of the Week by Sounds magazine. Lawrence – who at this stage still couldn't tune a guitar – invited Deebank to join the band shortly afterwards: "one day I got him round and he tuned my guitar in three seconds. I was in shock. Then he played Mr Tambourine Man. I said: ‘I don’t believe it, you’re a genius.’ We were only 16 or 17 and I'd never seen anyone play that fast. It still went clunky when I went from one chord to another." Lawrence was later explicit in recognising Deebank's importance to early Felt: "I thought, God, I could really go somewhere with this kid. Ride on his back to the top, that’s how I saw it." He was voted into Guitar Player magazine's Top 40 Underrated Guitar Players of all time in 2007; a celebration of the publication's fortieth anniversary.
Deebank's work as a solo artist combined eclecticism with a musical sophistication derived from his classical training. His sole solo album, Inner Thought Zone, was released on Cherry Red Records in 1984, with four additional tracks recorded in 1992 added to the CD issue. The track "Dance of Deliverance" from Inner Thought Zone later appeared on the Felt compilation Absolute Classic Masterpieces. He also co-wrote and performed on the Saint Etienne song "Paper", which first appeared on their "Avenue" single.
Lawrence honoured his former bandmate with his later band Go-Kart Mozart's song "Delta Echo Echo Beta Alpha Neon Kettle", on Tearing Up the Album Chart.
Personal life
Deebank is on the autism spectrum.
References
External links
"This is How Maurice Deebank Felt" - 2018 interview
English rock guitarists
English male guitarists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
People on the autism spectrum | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice%20Deebank |
The Cedar Forest (Sumerian: 𒄑𒂞𒄑𒌁giš eren giš tir) is the glorious realm of the gods of Mesopotamian mythology. It is guarded by the demigod Humbaba and was once entered by the hero Gilgamesh who dared cut down trees from its virgin stands during his quest for fame. The Cedar Forest is described in Tablets 46 of the Epic of Gilgamesh.
Earlier Sumerian versions of the Epic of Gilgamesh say that Gilgamesh traveled east, presumably, to the Zagros mountains of Iran (ancient Elam) to the cedar forest, yet the later more extensive Babylonian examples place the cedar forests west in Lebanon.
In the Epic of Gilgamesh
Tablet 4
Tablet four tells the story of the
journey to the Cedar Forest. On each day of the six-day journey, Gilgamesh prays to Shamash; in response to these prayers, Shamash sends Gilgamesh oracular dreams during the night. The first is not preserved. In the second, Gilgamesh dreams that he wrestles a great bull that splits the ground with his breath. Enkidu interprets the dream for Gilgamesh: the dream means that Shamash, the bull, will protect Gilgamesh. In the third, Gilgamesh dreams:
The skies roared with thunder and the earth heaved,
Then came darkness and a stillness like death.
Lightning smashed the ground and fires blazed out;
Death flooded from the skies.
When the heat died and the fires went out,
The plains had turned to ash.
Enkidu's interpretation is missing here, but as with the other dreams, it is assumed he puts a positive spin on the volcanic dream. The fourth dream is missing, but Enkidu again tells Gilgamesh that the dream portends success in the upcoming battle. The fifth dream is also missing.
At the entrance to the Cedar Forest, Gilgamesh begins to quake with fear; he prays to Shamash, reminding him that he had promised Ninsun that he would be safe. Shamash calls down from heaven, ordering him to enter the forest because Humbaba is not wearing all his armor. The demon Humbaba wears seven coats of armor, but now he is only wearing one, so he is particularly vulnerable. Enkidu loses his courage and turns back; Gilgamesh falls on him and they have a great fight. Hearing the crash of their fighting, Humbaba comes stalking out of the Cedar Forest to challenge the intruders. A large part of the tablet is missing here. On the one part of the tablet still remaining, Gilgamesh convinces Enkidu that they should stand together against the demon.
Tablet 5
Gilgamesh and Enkidu enter the gloriously beautiful Cedar Forest and begin to cut down the trees. Hearing the sound, Humbaba comes roaring up to them and warns them off. Enkidu shouts at Humbaba that the two of them are much stronger than the demon, but Humbaba, who knows Gilgamesh is a king, taunts the king for taking orders from a nobody like Enkidu. Turning his face into a hideous mask, Humbaba begins to threaten the pair, and Gilgamesh runs and hides. Enkidu shouts at Gilgamesh, inspiring him with courage, and Gilgamesh appears from hiding and the two begin their epic battle with Humbaba. Shamash intrudes on the battle, helping the pair, and Humbaba is defeated. On his knees, with Gilgamesh's sword at his throat, Humbaba begs for his life and offers Gilgamesh all the trees in the forest and his eternal servitude. While Gilgamesh is thinking this over, Enkidu intervenes, telling Gilgamesh to kill Humbaba before any of the gods arrive and stop him from doing so. Should he kill Humbaba, he will achieve widespread fame for all the times to come. Gilgamesh, with a great sweep of his sword, removes Humbaba's head. But before he dies, Humbaba screams out a curse on Enkidu: "Of you two, may Enkidu not live the longer, may Enkidu not find any peace in this world!" Soon later Enkidu becomes sick and dies.
Gilgamesh and Enkidu cut down the cedar forest and in particular the tallest of the cedar trees to make a great cedar gate for the city of Nippur. They build a raft out of the cedar and float down the Euphrates to their city.
Tablet 6
After these events, Gilgamesh, his fame widespread and his appearance resplendent in his wealthy clothes, attracts the sexual attention of the goddess Ishtar, who comes to Gilgamesh and offers to become his lover. Gilgamesh refuses with insults, listing all the mortal lovers that Ishtar has had and recounting the dire fates they all met with at her hands. Deeply insulted, Ishtar returns to heaven and begs her father, the sky-god Anu, to let her have the Bull of Heaven to wreak vengeance on Gilgamesh and his city:
Father, let me have the Bull of Heaven
To kill Gilgamesh and his city.
For if you do not grant me the Bull of Heaven,
I will pull down the Gates of Hell itself,
Crush the doorposts and flatten the door,
And I will let the dead leave
And let the dead roam the earth
And they shall eat the living.
The dead will overwhelm all the living!
See also
Cedars of God
Cedrus libani
Garden of the Hesperides
Immortality
Mount Olympus
Paradise
Járnviðr
References
Locations in Mesopotamian mythology
Afterlife places
Epic of Gilgamesh
Mythological forests | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedar%20Forest |
The name Stanbridge, Quebec could refer to one of the following locations in the Brome-Missisquoi Regional County Municipality, Quebec
Parishes
Notre-Dame-de-Stanbridge, Quebec
Saint-Ignace-de-Stanbridge, Quebec
Municipalities
Stanbridge East, Quebec, known as the township of Stanbridge before 1997
Stanbridge Station, Quebec | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanbridge%2C%20Quebec |
Stanbridge may refer to:
Places
Stanbridge, Bedfordshire
Stanbridge, Dorset
Stanbridge, Quebec (disambiguation)
Stanbridge, New South Wales
People with the surname
Aleah Stanbridge (1976–2016), South African singer-songwriter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanbridge |
Sir John Madden, (16 May 1844 – 10 March 1918) was an Australian judge and politician who was the fourth and longest-serving Chief Justice of Victoria, in office from 1893 until his death. He was acting governor on a number of occasions.
Background and early years
Madden was born in the village of Cloyne, near Cork, Ireland, in 1844, the second of seven sons of a Cork solicitor also named John Madden. The family moved to London, UK in 1852, where his father had taken a job managing an insurance company, and there Madden attended a private school. He also spent some time at a college in Beauchamp, France. In January 1857, the family emigrated to Melbourne, Australia, where John Madden senior was admitted as a barrister to the Victorian Bar. The family lived in the suburb of Flemington. Madden was enrolled in St Patrick's College in East Melbourne. He later studied at the University of Melbourne, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in 1864, a Bachelor of Laws in 1865.
Legal and political career
Madden was admitted to the Victorian Bar on 14 September 1865, where he established a good reputation for himself, particularly in equity and criminal law matters. In 1869, he received a Doctorate of Laws degree from the University of Melbourne. He stood for election to the Victorian Legislative Assembly in 1871, for the seat of West Bourke, but was unsuccessful. In 1872, he married Gertrude Stephen, with whom Madden subsequently had one son and five daughters. Madden was elected for the seat of West Bourke at the subsequent election, and in October 1875 was made the Minister for Justice in the McCulloch government. He lost his seat at the following election, but was temporarily retained as Minister for Justice until 1876, when he was elected to the Assembly for the seat of Sandridge. After McCulloch's resignation in May 1877, Madden left the ministry, but returned in March 1880 when he was made Minister for Justice in the Service government. This government only lasted five months, however.
Madden retired from politics in 1883 to concentrate on his successful legal practice, which flourished during the Victorian land boom of the 1880s. He was considered one of the leaders of the Victorian Bar at this time, to the extent that by 1890, he was involved in about thirty percent of all cases coming before the Supreme Court of Victoria. In 1887, he had a thirty-room mansion built for himself and his family in Chapel Street in St Kilda East. It was named Cloyne, after the town where he was born. The property is currently owned by the Salvation Army. He was offered judicial positions several times, and rejected them, however after Chief Justice George Higinbotham died in late 1892, Madden was offered his position, and became the next Chief Justice on 9 January 1893. He was knighted later that year.
One of the more interesting cases that Madden presided over was Bloomfield v Dunlop Tyre Co Ltd, decided 8 May 1902, and thought to be the first court case involving a car accident in Victoria. A demonstration vehicle owned by the Australasian Dunlop Tyre company was being driven towards the Royal Melbourne Showgrounds by the general manager and the advertising manager of the company. As they were passing the Flemington Racecourse, they slowed but did not stop, and after startling some horses, they collided with one, injuring its leg. The horse's owner sued Dunlop Tyres. The case came before Madden, who admitted that he didn't know anything about cars, and requested a demonstration outside the court building in William Street. After viewing the car's performance, and the driving skill of the two managers, he promptly found in favour of the horse owner, awarding him £250 in damages. Madden, however, quickly warmed to automobiles and became the first president of the Royal Automobile Club of Victoria in 1903.. in 1911 Sir John accepted the role of President of The Melbourne Savage Club, a position he enjoyed and held until his demise in 1918.
Civic leadership roles
Aside from his political and judicial work, Madden was the vice-chancellor of the University of Melbourne from 3 June 1889 to 20 December 1897 and then chancellor until his death in 1918. In 1899 he was appointed as Lieutenant-Governor of Victoria, and was made a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) later that year. When Governor of Victoria Sir John Fuller was away in the United Kingdom in 1913, Madden assumed his role after a motion of no confidence was successfully moved against Premier of Victoria William Watt. Madden caused some controversy when instead of appointing Donald McLeod of the Commonwealth Liberal Party, he appointed Labor leader George Elmslie. Elmslie's term in office lasted only thirteen days before his appointment was rejected by the Legislative Assembly.
In 1905, members of the Victorian Bar donated a sum of money to the University of Melbourne in recognition of Madden's services to the university and the community; the sum funds the John Madden Exhibitions, awarded to students of law. In 1906, he was elevated to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG). When the Historical Society of Victoria was formed on 21 May 1909, Madden was made its first patron.
Arms
Death
Madden died suddenly in 1918, and was buried in the Melbourne General Cemetery. He was survived by his wife and six children.
See also
Judiciary of Australia
List of Judges of the Supreme Court of Victoria
References
(1902) 28 VLR 72; (1902) 8 ALR 103
External links
Supreme Court of Victoria Website
1844 births
1918 deaths
19th-century Australian judges
20th-century Australian judges
Chief Justices of Victoria
Lawyers from Melbourne
Australian Knights Bachelor
Australian Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Melbourne Law School alumni
Vice-Chancellors of the University of Melbourne
Chancellors of the University of Melbourne
Colony of Victoria judges
Judges from Melbourne
Lieutenant-Governors of Victoria
Irish emigrants to colonial Australia
Burials at Melbourne General Cemetery
People from St Kilda, Victoria
People from Flemington, Victoria
Lawyers from County Cork
Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
19th-century Irish judges
People from Cloyne
Ministers for Corrections (Victoria) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Madden%20%28judge%29 |
Juana Maria (died October 19, 1853), better known to history as the Lone Woman of San Nicolas Island (her Native American name is unknown), was a Native Californian woman who was the last surviving member of her tribe, the Nicoleño. She lived alone on San Nicolas Island off the coast of Alta California from 1835 until her removal from the island in 1853. Scott O'Dell's award-winning children's novel Island of the Blue Dolphins (1960) was inspired by her story. She was the last native speaker of the Nicoleño language.
Background
The Channel Islands have long been inhabited by humans, with Native American colonization occurring 10,000 years ago or earlier. At the time of European contact, two distinct ethnic groups occupied the archipelago: the Chumash lived on the Northern Channel Islands and the Tongva on the Southern Islands. (Juana Maria's tribe, the Nicoleño, were believed to be closely related to the Tongva.) In the early 1540s, Spanish (or Portuguese, according to some accounts) conquistador Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo explored the California coast, claiming it on behalf of Spain.
Arrival of the fur trappers (Aleuts)
In 1814, the brig Il’mena brought a party of Native Alaskan otter hunters working for the Russian-American Company (RAC), who massacred most of the islanders after accusing them of killing a Native Alaskan hunter.
Although there was speculation that the Franciscan padres of the California missions requested that the remaining Nicoleños be removed from the island, there is no documentary evidence to back that claim. The missions were undergoing secularization in the 1830s and there was no Franciscan priest at Mission San Gabriel from mid-1835 through spring of 1836 to receive any Nicoleños brought to the mainland.
In late November 1835, the schooner Peor es Nada ("Nothing is Worse"), commanded by Charles Hubbard, left southern California to remove the remaining people living on San Nicolas. Upon arriving at the island, Hubbard's party, which included Isaac Sparks, gathered the islanders on the beach and brought them aboard. Juana Maria, however, was not among them by the time a strong storm arose, and the Peor es Nada'''s crew, realizing the imminent danger of being wrecked by the surf and rocks, panicked and sailed toward the mainland, leaving her behind.
A more romantic version tells of Juana Maria diving overboard after realizing her younger brother had been left behind, although archaeologist Steven J. Schwartz notes, "The story of her jumping overboard does not show up until the 1880s ... By then the Victorian era is well underway, and literature takes on a flowery, even romantic flavor." This version is recorded by Juana Maria's eventual rescuer, George Nidever, who heard it from a hunter who had been on the Peor es Nada; however, Nidever makes it clear he may be misremembering what he heard.
Discovery
According to Emma Hardacre, there are differing accounts as to the discovery of the Lone Woman. The first is that Father José González Rubio of the Santa Barbara Mission offered a man named Carl Dittman $100 to find her. The second, and what appears to be the original account, from George Nidever states that Father José González Rubio paid one Thomas Jeffries $200 to find Juana Maria, though he was unsuccessful. However, the tales Jeffries told upon returning managed to capture the imagination of George Nidever, a Santa Barbara fur trapper, who launched several expeditions of his own. His first two attempts failed to find her, but on his third attempt in the autumn of 1853, one of Nidever's men, Carl Dittman, discovered human footprints on the beach and pieces of seal blubber which had been left out to dry. Further investigation led to the discovery of Juana Maria, who was living on the island in a crude hut partially constructed of whale bones. She was dressed in a skirt made of greenish cormorant feathers. It was believed that she also lived in a nearby cave.
Afterwards, Juana Maria was taken to the Santa Barbara Mission, but was only able to communicate with the three or four remaining members of her tribe. The local Chumash Indians could not understand her, so the mission sent for a group of Tongva who had formerly lived on Santa Catalina Island, but they were unsuccessful as well. Four words and two songs recorded from Juana Maria suggest she spoke one of the Uto-Aztecan languages native to Southern California, but it is not clear to which branch it is related. A University of California, Los Angeles study by linguist Pamela Munro focusing on the words and songs suggests that her language was most similar to those of the Luiseños of Northern San Diego County and of the Juaneños near San Juan Capistrano. Both groups traded with the San Nicolas islanders and their languages may have had some influence. This evidence, when taken as a whole, suggests that Juana Maria was a native Nicoleño.
Life at Santa Barbara Mission
Juana Maria was reportedly fascinated and ecstatic upon arrival, marveling at the sight of horses, along with European clothing and food. She was allowed to stay with Nidever, who described her as a woman of "medium height, but rather thick ... She was probably about 50 years old, but she was still strong and active. Her face was pleasing as she was continually smiling. Her teeth were entire but worn to the gums."
Juana Maria apparently enjoyed visits by curious Santa Barbara residents, singing and dancing for her audiences. One of the songs Juana Maria sang is popularly called the "Toki Toki" song. Knowledge of this song came from a Ventureño man named Malquiares, an otter hunter who had joined Nidever's expedition to the island and who had heard Juana Maria sing it. Malquiares later recited the words to his friend Fernando Kitsepawit Librado (1839–1915). The song's words are as follows:
Librado recited the words to a Cruzeño Indian named Aravio Talawiyashwit, who translated them as "I live contented because I can see the day when I want to get out of this island"; however, given the lack of any other information on Juana Maria's language, this translation's accuracy is dubious, and was perhaps an intuitive guess. Anthropologist and linguist John Peabody Harrington recorded Librado singing the song on a wax cylinder in 1913.
The following text was published by an anonymous writer in Sacramento's Daily Democratic State Journal on October 13, 1853:
The wild woman who was found on the island of San Nicolas about 70 miles from the coast, west of Santa Barbara, is now at the latter place and is looked upon as a curiosity. It is stated she has been some 18 to 20 years alone on the island. She existed on shell fish and the fat of the seal, and dressed in the skins and feathers of wild ducks, which she sewed together with sinews of the seal. She cannot speak any known language, is good-looking and about middle age. She seems to be contented in her new home among the good people of Santa Barbara.
Death
Just seven weeks after arriving on the mainland, Juana Maria died of dysentery in Garey, California. Nidever claimed her fondness for green corn, vegetables and fresh fruit after years of little such nutrient-laden food caused the severe and ultimately fatal illness. Before she died, Father Sanchez baptized and christened her with the Spanish name Juana Maria. She was buried in an unmarked grave on the Nidever family plot at the Santa Barbara Mission cemetery. Father González Rubio made the following entry in the Mission's Book of Burials: "On October 19, 1853 I gave ecclesiastical burial in the cemetery to the remains of Juana Maria, the Indian woman brought from San Nicolas Island and, since there was no one who could understand her language, she was baptized conditionally by Fr. Sanchez." In 1928, a plaque commemorating her was placed at the site by the Daughters of the American Revolution.
Juana Maria's water basket, clothing and various artifacts, including bone needles which had been brought back from the island, were part of the collections of the California Academy of Sciences, but were destroyed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire. Her cormorant feather dress was apparently sent to the Vatican, but it appears to have been lost, as noted in the Island of the Blue Dolphins.
Archaeological finds
In 1939, archaeologists discovered Juana Maria's whale-bone hut on the northernmost end of San Nicolas, the highest point of the island. The location of the hut exactly matched the descriptions left by Nidever. In 2012, archaeologist Steven J. Schwartz reported finding a site that may have been Juana Maria's cave. In 2009, University of Oregon archaeologist Jon Erlandson found two Nicoleño-style redwood boxes eroding from a sea cliff, covered by a whale rib and associated with several asphaltum-coated woven water bottles, and threatened with destruction from winter storms. The site is located on the northwest coast of San Nicolas, where Juana Maria is believed to have spent much of her time. The boxes, salvaged by Erlandson, René Vellanoweth, Lisa Thomas-Barnett, and Troy Davis, contained more than 200 artifacts, including bird-bone pendants, abalone shell dishes and fish hooks, soapstone ornaments, sandstone abraders, red ochre, a Nicoleño harpoon tip, glass projectile points and metal artifacts, and several Native Alaskan toggling harpoon tips. In 2012, Navy archaeologist Steven Schwartz, working with Vellanoweth and his students from California State University, Los Angeles, found and uncovered the buried remnants of the long-lost Indian Cave, where Juana Maria may also have lived. Archaeological research at the cave has been halted, however, at the request of the Pechanga Band of Luiseno Indians, which claims cultural affiliation with the island's ancient residents.
Legacy
Scott O'Dell's Island of the Blue Dolphins'' was largely based on Juana Maria's story. The novel's protagonist, Karana, endures many of the trials that Juana Maria may have faced while alone on San Nicolas. In the 1964 film version of the novel, American actress Celia Kaye played Karana.
Notes
References
External links
Lone Woman of San Nicolas Island — archived series of talks about Juana Maria, presented at the 8th California Islands Symposium on October 25, 2012
Tongva
19th-century Native Americans
People from Ventura County, California
Channel Islands of California
19th-century births
1853 deaths
Deaths from dysentery
Infectious disease deaths in California
Last known speakers of a Native American language
Castaways
Year of birth unknown
Ethnological show business
19th-century Native American women
Sole survivors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juana%20Maria |
12th Infantry Regiment may refer to:
12th Infantry Regiment (Poland)
12th Infantry Regiment (South Korea)
12th Infantry Regiment (United States)
12th Regiment of Foot | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th%20Infantry%20Regiment |
Jose Miguel Battle Sr. (September 14, 1929 – August 4, 2007) was a policeman and Cuban exile who served in the unsuccessful Bay of Pigs Invasion to overthrow the communist Cuban regime in 1961. He later became the nominal leader and founder of The Corporation, also known as the Cuban Mafia, and he invested in the gambling industry in the United States and Peru. He was eventually convicted of racketeering and sentenced to 20 years in prison.
Early life in Cuba
Battle was born on September 14, 1929, in Alto Songo, Cuba. His father was Jose Maria Battle Bestard and his mother, Angela Vargas Yzaguirre. He had five brothers: Gustavo, Pedro, Sergio, Hiram and Aldo. He was educated in Santiago de Cuba.
Battle began his career as a policeman in Santiago de Cuba in 1949, and he was transferred to Havana in the early 1950s. He had been a vice cop, handling cases related to illegal gambling, alcohol, drugs and racketeering and acted as a go-between for the Mafia, as a police sergeant delivering cash bribes from the criminal enterprises of Meyer Lansky to President Fulgencio Batista and his government. He became a Freemason in Cuba. He emigrated to the United States in December 1959.
Bay of Pigs Invasion
Battle assisted the Central Intelligence Agency in the early 1960s in training Cuban exiles and commanded one of the landing craft in the Cuban liberation effort of the Bay of Pigs Invasion at Playa Girón in April 1961. Battle also served as a soldier in the ground assault. The invasion result was disastrous after President John F. Kennedy aborted American air support just five minutes before the armed Cubans reached Cuban soil. Jose, along with the other surviving expatriate soldiers, was captured after three days of arduous battle and imprisoned for nearly two years in a Cuban prison.
Career
As compensation for his service in the Bay of Pigs Invasion, Battle was given an officer’s commission in the United States Army; he held the rank of second lieutenant in the infantry. He did not earn high enough evaluations to merit promotion to first lieutenant and left the Army after a year. After being released from what many saw as the result of a betrayal from JFK, Battle settled in Union City, New Jersey, and began establishing a presence as the leader of a family of Cuban-American criminals involved in organized crime activities from loansharking and gambling to drug trafficking and murder. He allegedly established good working relationships with the Italian Mafia in the New York City area, but at other times the corporation is known to have had violent turf wars with various Italian mafia families. He made tons of his wealth from an illegal lottery racket known as bolita (little ball), which was popular among expatriate Italians, Cubans and Puerto Ricans. It is estimated that his network was making up to $45 million a year in the 1970s from bolita in New Jersey, New York and Florida. Battles' reputation was such that he was known among the Cuban American community in Miami as El Padrino, or the Godfather.
Battle was convicted in 1977 and sentenced to 30 years in prison in connection with the death of Ernestico Torres, an alleged hitman for Battle's organization. An appeals court overturned the conviction, but Battle later pleaded guilty to murder conspiracy in exchange for a sentence of time served – two years.
By the 1980s Battle had built up an empire of crime and began investing heavily in legitimate businesses throughout the New York area. In the Spanish Harlem area of the city Battle had the Torres brothers Pancho, Enrique and Henry who ran all the numbers and Bolita for him in the uptown part of the city. The Torres brothers had a family affair using Pancho Torres' son in law Jose Castro and also his son Kiko Jr. to run the Bolita operation throughout the bodegas in the Harlem and South Bronx sections of the city.
In the late 1980s, President Ronald Reagan's Select Committee on Organized Crime investigated the Corporation and estimated its membership, direct or loosely associated, at 2,500 members. Soon afterwards, Battle expanded to Miami, Florida, where there was a large population of Cuban immigrants and began to operate his East Coast empire from the Little Havana area of the city. In 1987 Battle was listed as one of Dade County's wealthiest men with a net worth of $175 million.
In the early 1990s Battle Sr. fled to Lima, Peru, where he opened a casino in the Hotel Crillón. He eventually moved back to his $1.5 million Florida ranch, El Zapotal, in Homestead, Florida, south of Miami. The corporation was making hundreds of millions from gambling, racketeering, illegal lottery and loan sharking, and operated in the US, Central- and South America, the Caribbean, and Europe.
Arrest, conviction and death
In 2004 Battle Sr, his son Jr., and 21 other key aid members and associates were indicted and charged with five murders, four arson attacks resulting in eight deaths, and more than $1.5 billion collected from drug trafficking, bookmaking, and numbers rackets. Of the 21, four were arrested in the New York and Union City, N.J. areas. One was in Puerto Rico and another in Spain; the rest were in the Miami area, including Battle's son. He was housed in the Metropolitan Correctional Center (MCC) in Miami on more charges of racketeering. Battle Jr and associate Julio Acuña attempted to appeal the decision but failed, with Battle Jr sentenced to more than 15 years in federal prison and ordered to forfeit $642 million and Acuña sentenced to life and a $1.4 billion judgment.
On May 6, 2006, Battle pleaded guilty to the racketeering charges due to his health. On January 15, 2007, he was sentenced to 20 years in prison. On August 6, 2007 he died from various ailments in a South Carolina medical facility while in Federal Custody awaiting transfer to another prison. He was 77.
Popular culture
In April 2016, Paramount Pictures and The Picture Company announced plans to develop a biopic based on T.J. English's nonfiction book The Corporation with Benicio del Toro attached to play Battle Sr.
References
1930 births
2007 deaths
20th-century American criminals
21st-century American criminals
Cuban police officers
Cuban gangsters
Hispanic and Latino American gangsters
American crime bosses
American drug traffickers
Cuban emigrants to the United States
People from Havana
People from Union City, New Jersey
People from Miami
Criminals from New Jersey
Criminals from Florida
People convicted of racketeering
American people who died in prison custody
Prisoners who died in United States federal government detention | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Miguel%20Battle%20Sr. |
The Rosary is a novel by Florence L. Barclay. It was first published in 1909 by G.P. Putnam's Sons and was a bestselling novel for many years running, reaching the number one spot in 1910. It was adapted into five films. Two of these films are Le Rosaire, directed by Tony Lekain (France, 1934) and El rosario, directed by Juan José Ortega (Mexico, 1944).
References
External links
1909 British novels
British novels adapted into films
Novels by Florence L. Barclay
British romance novels
G. P. Putnam's Sons books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Rosary%20%28novel%29 |
Damian () may refer to:
Damian (given name)
Damian (surname)
Damian Subdistrict, in Longquanyi District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
See also
Damiani, an Italian surname
Damiano (disambiguation)
Damien (disambiguation)
Damon (disambiguation)
Damion (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damian |
Márta Károlyi (; ; born August 29, 1942) is a Hungarian-American gymnastics coach and the former national team coordinator for USA Gymnastics. She and her husband, Béla, are ethnic Hungarians from Transylvania, Romania, who trained athletes in Romania before defecting to the United States in 1981. Béla and Márta Károlyi have trained nine Olympic champions, fifteen world champions, sixteen European medalists and many U.S. national champions, including Mary Lou Retton, Betty Okino, Kerri Strug, Teodora Ungureanu, Phoebe Mills, Nadia Comăneci, Kim Zmeskal, and Dominique Moceanu.
Romania
Romania's famed centralized training program has its roots in the 1950s; the Károlyis helped develop the program further in the late 1960s and early 1970s. They established a boarding school in Oneşti, training young girls specially chosen for their athletic potential. One of the first students at the Károlyis' school was six-year-old Nadia Comăneci, who lived near Oneşti and commuted from home.
While Béla became a highly visible figure in Romanian gymnastics, accompanying the team to major competitions and often clashing with officials in the sport, Márta remained in the background, coaching and choreographing routines for some of the team's gymnasts.
In 1981, the Károlyis, along with fellow Hungarian-Romanian team choreographer Géza Pozsár, defected during a gymnastics tour in the United States. They were granted asylum and settled in Oklahoma. The couple's daughter, Andrea, joined them later.
1980s and 1990s
After their defection, the Károlyis established a gym in Houston, Texas. Béla's status as "Nadia's coach" quickly attracted gymnasts to the club, and by the late 1980s, the Károlyi gym had become the preeminent training facility in the United States. By 1990, Károlyi gymnasts were so dominant at national United States meets that journalists dubbed the top cluster of athletes the "Károlyi six-pack". At the 1991 World Championships, every single gymnast on the American squad was either a Károlyi athlete or trained by a former Károlyi club coach.
Márta Károlyi has avoided most of the controversy and accusations of abusive coaching that have trailed her husband, opting for a quieter, less abrasive approach. In the Károlyi coaching team, Béla was often known as the "motivator," while Márta was the "technician," applying her gymnastics savvy to help her athletes learn and perfect their technique, mechanics, and form. Béla accompanied the gymnasts to meets and was a highly visible presence to both the gymnastics community and the media; Márta remained in the background.
In 1996, Márta was chosen as the head coach of the U.S. women's team for the 1996 Olympics.
U.S. National Team Coordinator
After the 1996 Olympics, the Károlyis retired from coaching. However, three years later, Béla returned to the public eye when he was named the national team coordinator for the U.S. women's gymnastics team. His approach was protested and resisted by both the national-team gymnasts and their coaches, who, by the 2000 Olympics, were so frustrated and unhappy that they spoke about the situation publicly.
In 2001, on the recommendation of the U.S. national team coaches, the position was handed over to Márta. While she maintained some aspects of Béla's original program, her approach has been different, and generally more acceptable to the gymnasts and their coaches. It has also yielded impressive competitive results: Between 2001 and 2008, American women won a combined total of 44 medals in World Championship and Olympic competition.
As coordinator, Márta oversaw all aspects of the women's national team. Among her duties were selecting athletes for competitions, determining apparatus lineups at the meets, and making recommendations about skills and routine compositions. The Károlyis' daughter, Andrea, was the nutritionist for the team.
At the 2012 Olympics, after Aly Raisman was given a score of 14.966 in the balance beam final, which put her a tenth of a point behind Cătălina Ponor of Romania, Károlyi requested a video review. As a result of the review, Raisman was awarded an additional tenth of a point for difficulty, allowing her to win the bronze medal on a tie breaker.
She retired from coaching in 2016, after the Olympics at which the US Women Gymnastics Team won nine medals (four gold, four silver, one bronze). Her last group of gymnasts called themselves the Final Five because that was Márta's last Olympics. Valeri Liukin was named as her replacement on 16 September 2016.
In 2021, the Karolyi ranch was sold to a lumber company. The Karolyis retreated from the public eye after the USA Gymnastics sex abuse scandal and their whereabouts are unknown, with some speculating that they returned to Romania.
Controversy
In November 2008, Emilia Eberle, a Romanian national team member during the Károlyi coaching era, gave an interview to KCRA-TV in Sacramento, California, claiming that while she was on the team, both Béla and Márta regularly beat her and her teammates for mistakes they made in practice or competition. "In one word, I can say it was brutal", she told KCRA. Other Romanian team members, including Ecaterina Szabo and Rodica Dunca, as well as Géza Pozsár, the Romanian team choreographer who defected with the Károlyis, have made similar charges of physical abuse. When asked in 2008 to comment on the allegations, Béla Károlyi said: "I ignore it. I'm not even commenting. These people are really trash."
On October 28, 2016, a sex abuse lawsuit was filed by a former member gymnast against USA Gymnastics including the Károlyis, alleging they turned a blind eye to molestations by the team doctor Larry Nassar. The former member claims Nassar repeatedly sexually abused her when she was on the national team from 2006–11.
In January 2018, USA Gymnastics terminated its lease of the Károlyi owned gymnastics training center Karolyi Ranch during the sentencing phase of the trial of Nassar, who was found guilty of numerous acts of sexual assault against young gymnasts, many of which took place at the facility, where parents were not allowed to be present. A lawsuit was filed against the Károlyis in 2016 alleging that they had known about and "turned a blind-eye to the sexual abuse".
On January 25, 2018, the Ranch announced the permanent closure of the facility on its website. The Karolyis and their ranch are central figures in 2020 film, Athlete A - a documentary about the scandal. On January 30, 2018, the Texas Ranger Division took over the criminal investigation of the ranch.
Bibliography
Ryan, Joan. Little Girls in Pretty Boxes. Doubleday, New York, 1995. .
Comaneci, Nadia. Letters To A Young Gymnast. Basic Books, New York, 2003. .
References
External links
"Strong and silent, the other Karolyi works on". Times of India
1942 births
Living people
American gymnastics coaches
Olympic coaches for the United States
Romanian gymnastics coaches
Romanian emigrants to the United States
American people of Hungarian-Romanian descent
Romanian sportspeople of Hungarian descent
Romanian defectors
Defectors to the United States
People from Odorheiu Secuiesc
Naturalized citizens of the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1rta%20K%C3%A1rolyi |
Ama Benyiwa-Doe aka Ama Chavez (born 1950 – 19 September 2021) was a Ghanaian politician who served as Regional Minister for Central Region.
Early life
Benyiwa-Doe was born in Gomoa West in the Central Region of Ghana.
She was a member of parliament for the Third Parliament of the Fourth Republic of Ghana on the ticket of the National Democratic Congress (NDC) for Gomoa West constituency, thus stood for the seat from 1992 until 2004.
Career and politics
Ama was first elected into parliament during the December 1992 Ghanaian General Elections on the ticket of the National Democratic Congress as a member of the Gomoa West Constituency in the Central Region.
During the 1996 elections, she polled 17,504 votes out of the 33,955 valid votes cast representing 35.60% against Joyce Aidoo an NPP member who polled 10,866 votes, Samuel Attah-Eyison who polled 4,827 votes and Oduro Baffoe, an NCP member, who polled 758 votes.
She won in 2000 with 12,995 votes out of the 28,089 valid votes cast representing 46.30% against Benjamin Kojo Acquah, an NPP member who polled 11,248 votes, Kofi Amissah Essandoh, a CPP member who polled 2,468 votes and Muhammed M. Kassim, an NRP member who also polled 1,378 votes.
Ama was nominated by President Mills in January 2009 as the Central Regional Minister in Ghana, she became a Regional Minister of State in January 2009 to 2012 for the Central Region of Ghana. She was also a former member of the council of State.
Ama occupied the seat as a member of parliament for the Gomoa West Constituency from 1992 until 2004 where she was defeated by Joe Kingsley Hackman of the New Patriotic Party in the 2004 Ghanaian general elections with a total votes cast of 23,663 representing 63.20% of the total votes over her (Ama), with her total votes cast as 12,165 representing 32.50% of the total votes.
Other opponents; Joseph Assan Sackey of the Convention Peoples Party who polled 863 votes representing 2.30% of the total votes cast, Muhammed Mutawakil Kassim of the National Reform Party who had 533 votes representing 2.30% of the total votes cast and John Thompson of the Great Consolidated Popular Party who also polled 216 votes representing 0.60% of the total votes cast. She continued to work for the National Democratic Congress as national women's organizer.
She was also a member of the Pan-African Parliament.
Education
Ama attended L.A. Middle School where she obtained her GCE Ordinary Level certificate. She then proceeded to Accra Workers College where she obtained her GCE Advance Level certificate before advancing to M.I. Kaliun School where she obtained her Diploma degree.
Death
She died on Sunday the 19th of September 2021 at Tema. She was 71.
Legacy
According to John Mahama, Ama was a gender activist and a women's rights champion.
References
1950 births
2021 deaths
Members of the Pan-African Parliament from Ghana
Ghanaian MPs 1993–1997
Ghanaian MPs 1997–2001
Ghanaian MPs 2001–2005
Members of the Council of State (Ghana)
National Democratic Congress (Ghana) politicians
Politicians from Central Region (Ghana) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ama%20Benyiwa-Doe |
Jessica Calvello is an American voice actress and production assistant primarily known for her anime voiceover work, particularly with ADV Films, Seraphim Digital/Sentai Filmworks, DuArt Film and Video, Media Blasters, Funimation, Central Park Media, Headline Sound Studios, New Generation Pictures, NYAV Post, 4Kids Entertainment and also known for her non-anime voice work on a number of animated shorts by, Cyanide and Happiness. Some of her more well known roles are Excel in Excel Saga, Nanael in Queen's Blade, Kanako Miyamae in Maria Holic, Zoe Hange in Attack on Titan and Honey Kisaragi in New Cutey Honey, in which she was personally cast by the creator of the Cutey Honey franchise, Go Nagai, a role that Calvello describes as her most cherished and honored accomplishment.
Filmography
Anime
Alien Nine - Kasumi Tomine
Amagi Brilliant Park - Tiramy
Angel Blade - Hasumi and Emily
Arcade Gamer Fubuki - Hanako Kokobuji – As Zoe Fries
Aria - Aika S. Granzchesta
Assemble Insert - Maron Namikaze
Attack on Titan - Zoe Hange
Blue Seed - Miyako, Yukiko (Ep. 7)
Boogiepop Phantom - Moto Tonomura, Poom Poom
Brynhildr in the Darkness - Kotori Takatori
Comic Party - Eimi Ohba
Compiler - Assembler
Cutie Honey Universe - Honey Kisaragi / Cutie Honey
Demon Fighter Kocho - Kocho Enoki
Detonator Orgun - Kumi Jefferson/Mhiku
Dirty Pair OAV - Yuri
DNA² - Karin Aoi
Dog & Scissors - Natsuno Kirihime
Dragon Half - Mink
Emma – A Victorian Romance - Eleanor Campbell
Excel Saga - Excel (Eps. 1-13)
Fairy Tail the Movie: Phoenix Priestess - Éclair
Gall Force - Spea (Movies 2-3), Anne (Earth Chapter)
Gatchaman Crowds - Hajime Ichinose
Genshiken - Keiko Sasahara
Girls und Panzer - Saori Takabe
Gokudo - Djin (Female, Eps. 9-12), Nanya
Hells - Rinne's Mother
His and Her Circumstances - Tsukino Miyazawa
Hitorijime My Hero - Megumi
I Dream of Mimi - Performa
Ikki Tousen - Ekitoku Chouhi
Infinite Stratos II - Tatenashi Sarashiki
Kimagure Orange Road: Summer's Beginning - Hikaru
K.O. Beast - S.P. Icegal
Kujibiki Unbalance - President Ritsuko Kubel Kettenkrad
Labyrinth of Flames - Natsu
Legend of Himiko - Seika
Life Lessons with Uramichi Oniisan - Utano Tadano
Magical DoReMi - Ellie Craft, Drona
Maria Holic - Kanako Miyamae
Munto - Toche
New Cutie Honey - Honey Kisaragi / Cutey Honey
One Piece - Carmel
Patlabor: The TV Series - Kiyama (Ep. 16)
Pokémon - Kay, the Raichu Trainer (Ep. 90)
Pop Team Epic - Pipimi (Ep. 10a)
Problem Children are Coming from Another World, aren't they? - Black Rabbit
Princess Minerva - Princess Minerva
Queen's Blade - Nanael
Rozen Maiden Zurücksplen - Suigintou
Ruin Explorers - Fam
Sex Demon Queen - Rima
Shingu: Secret of the Stellar Wars - Yukari Morimura, TV Reporter
Slayers: The Motion Picture - Meliroon
Sohryuden: Legend of the Dragon Kings - Matsuri Toba, Eri Asada
Space Pirate Mito - Kafuko, Miss Okubo
Spectral Force - Hiro
The World God Only Knows - Haqua du Lot Herminium (Season 3, OVAs)
Those Who Hunt Elves - Celsia Marie Claire (eps. 1–13)
To Heart - Shiho
Ushio to Tora - Asako Nakamura (OVAs)
UQ Holder! - Ku Fei
Virgin Fleet - Ise Haruoshimi, Shiokaze Umino
Virus Buster Serge - Donna, Yui-Lin Manus
The World of Narue - Narumi Mutuski, Rin Asakura – As Zoe Fries
Live-action dubbing
Beautiful Hunter - Shion
Beautiful Prey - Noriko
Big Boobs Buster - Masako
The Bondage Master - Reiko
The Dimension Travelers - Mayumi Iwase
Zero Woman: The Accused - Reiko Sato
Animation
GoGoRiki - Olgariki
Video games
Street Fighter V - Yamato Nadeshiko
Tycoon City: New YorkWeb
Cyanide & Happiness - Susan Furrabruisin (The Weatherman short)
Cyanide & Happiness - Meg (Going Down short)
Cyanide & Happiness - Woman (Sad Larry In Love short)
Cyanide & Happiness - Mom (Dinner With the Parents short)
Cyanide & Happiness - Lucy (Master Dater Series)
Hellsing Ultimate Abridged - Rip van Winkle (Episode 4)
Production credits
Production Assistant
Comic Party Gravitation K.O. Beast Madara Shingu: Secret of the Stellar Wars''
References
External links
Jessica Calvello at SciFi.com
Emerging Artists Theatre
American video game actresses
American voice actresses
Living people
Actresses from New York City
Actresses from Austin, Texas
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica%20Calvello |
Estadio Ricardo Saprissa Aymá is a football stadium in San José, Costa Rica, with a seating capacity of 23,112, making it the second-largest stadium in the country.
The stadium is the home of Deportivo Saprissa, and was named in honor of the team's founder Ricardo Saprissa. The stadium's nickname "The Monster's Cave" (La Cueva del Monstruo) is derived from the team's nickname "The Purple Monster".
History
Saprissa originally played at the Estadio Nacional de Costa Rica (Costa Rica National Stadium), a rented and shared facility. It was Costa Rica's first national stadium.
In 1955, Ricardo Saprissa sought out a permanent site which could serve the training ground and competition play location needs of Deportivo Saprissa. He had several qualities he wanted in the site: a location with easy access from the capital city of San Jose and provincial cities such as Alajuela, Cartago, and Heredia. On 3 August 1965, he bought a site in San Juan de Tibás for ₡363,398.90. On 12 October 1966, the initial construction program was a football pitch with stands. On 27 August 1972, following a six-year construction and improvement program, Estadio Ricardo Saprissa was officially opened. The first match was between Deportivo Saprissa and Comunicaciones of Guatemala. Peter Sandoval of Comunicaciones made the first goal at the stadium. The match ended in a 1-1 draw.
In 2003, the long tropical rainy season at the stadium caused Saprissa to apply and be granted by FIFA, permission to change the pitch from natural grass to synthetic turf, the then-only stadium in Latin America to have this type of turf. The stadium has also been used for Costa Rica national football team matches. It is the second-largest football stadium in Costa Rica after Estadio Nacional de Costa Rica (the current national stadium). The local mountains and downtown San José overlook Estadio Saprissa.
In 2005, the stadium became the world's first to host a World Cup qualifying match on FieldTurf. The team replaced the FieldTurf field with a new natural playing surface in 2015. The stadium also regularly hosts concerts by local and international artists. It will be used to host matches during the 2020 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup with the country and Panama.
The stadium is seen with infamy by players of the United States men's national soccer team. On numerous occasions, Alexi Lalas has described the stadium as the most "difficult" and "intimidating" to play at; even depicting it as "daunting . . . worse than Azteca." Landon Donovan called the stadium his favorite, noting "you only think to get out of there alive." During an interview with CONCACAF, Costa Rican captain Bryan Ruiz, who was Clint Dempsey's teammate at Fulham, said Dempsey hated the stadium because of the proximity of the stands and the artificial turf.
References
Deportivo Saprissa
Football venues in San José, Costa Rica
Buildings and structures in San José Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio%20Ricardo%20Saprissa%20Aym%C3%A1 |
Matthew Egan (born 10 July 1983) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Geelong Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He served as interim senior coach at the Essendon Football Club after the resignation of James Hird for the final three rounds of the 2015 season. He served as head of development at the Melbourne Football Club from September 2016 until 2020.
AFL career
Egan took up football in his late teens after having been a promising junior tennis player, having once been ranked fifth for juniors in Victoria. As a sentiment to this he is known for his trademark "Forehand punch" as he swings it like a tennis Forehand. Geelong drafted him with their final pick in the 2004 National Draft, after he had played in the VFL with the reserves and was named Geelong's best first-year player for 2005.
He was a tall centre half-back, who often shut down some of the opposition's top forwards, including Nick Riewoldt, Barry Hall, Matthew Lloyd, Fraser Gehrig, Jonathan Brown, Matthew Pavlich and Quinten Lynch amongst others.
Egan had a spectacular third season in the AFL, playing 22 matches, with 257 disposals, achieving several honours such as All-Australian selection, and celebrated his 50th AFL game with a win over the Sydney Swans, even though he did only manage nine disposals.
Round 14 saw a 50-point win over Essendon, with 12 disposals, and receiving an Army Award nomination for a courageous goal-saving, diving smother. He was declared the round's winner with 44% of the public vote, but ultimately lost out in the selection of the final shortlist of the year's weekly winners.
Against the Brisbane Lions in Round 22, Egan fractured the navicular bone in his right foot during a marking contest with Jonathan Brown, requiring emergency surgery to insert screws into his foot. This injury saw Egan forced out of the finals, missing both the AFL and VFL's victorious premiership sides.
Egan capped off an excellent season with selection in the 2007 All-Australian Team as the centre half-back in a squad that contained nine Geelong players. He was also named Geelong's Best Clubman for 2007.
In November 2008, Geelong admitted it was unlikely that Egan would play AFL again, as a result of the foot injury he sustained in 2007.
On 26 August 2009, Geelong announced that they would delist Egan, but that they remained hopeful he would play again in the AFL and they also retired the number 19 for season 2010 in honour of Egan. He worked that year as an assistant coach at the Cats VFL team and continued to work for the club as an assistant in 2010.
Statistics
|-
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2005
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 19 || 15 || 0 || 1 || 67 || 65 || 132 || 49 || 8 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 4.5 || 4.3 || 8.8 || 3.3 || 0.5
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2006
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 19 || 22 || 1 || 0 || 102 || 130 || 232 || 82 || 31 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 4.6 || 5.9 || 10.5 || 3.7 || 1.4
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2007
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 19 || 22 || 0 || 0 || 115 || 142 || 257 || 80 || 29 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 5.2 || 6.5 || 11.7 || 3.6 || 1.3
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2008
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 19 || 0 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2009
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 19 || 0 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan=3| Career
! 59
! 1
! 1
! 284
! 337
! 621
! 211
! 68
! 0.0
! 0.0
! 4.8
! 5.7
! 10.5
! 3.6
! 1.2
|}
References
External links
1983 births
Living people
Geelong Football Club players
Essendon Football Club coaches
All-Australians (AFL)
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew%20Egan |
Rosasite is a carbonate mineral with minor potential for use as a zinc and copper ore. Chemically, it is a copper zinc carbonate hydroxide with a copper to zinc ratio of 3:2, occurring in the secondary oxidation zone of copper-zinc deposits. It was originally discovered in 1908 in the Rosas mine in Sardinia, Italy, and is named after the location. Fibrous blue-green rosasite crystals are usually found in globular aggregates, often associated with red limonite and other colorful minerals. It is very similar to aurichalcite, but can be distinguished by its superior hardness.
References
Mineral galleries
Copper(II) minerals
Zinc minerals
Carbonate minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 14
Minerals described in 1908 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosasite |
John Dramani Mahama (; born 29 November 1958) is a Ghanaian politician who served as President of Ghana from 24 July 2012 to 7 January 2017. He previously served as Vice President of Ghana from January 2009 to July 2012, and took office as president on 24 July 2012 following the death of his predecessor, John Evans Fiifi Attah Mills.
A member of the National Democratic Congress (NDC), he was Member of Parliament for Bole Bamboi from 1997 to 2009 and served as Deputy Minister for Communication between 1997 and 1998 before becoming the substantive Minister for Communications in 1998. Mahama is the first vice president to take over the presidency from the death of his predecessor, John Evans Atta Mills, and is the first head of state of Ghana to have been born after Ghana's independence. He was elected after December 2012 election to serve as full-time President. He contested re-election for a second term in the 2016 election, but lost to the New Patriotic Party candidate Nana Akufo-Addo, in 2016. This made him the first President in the history of Ghana to not have won a second term.
Early years
A member of the Gonja ethnic group in the Savanna Region of Ghana, Mahama hails from Bole in the Savanna Region. Mahama was born on November 29, 1958 in Damongo, an area in present-day West Gonja District. His father, Emmanuel Adama Mahama, a wealthy rice farmer and teacher, was the first Member of Parliament for the West Gonja constituency and the first Regional Commissioner of the Northern Region during the First Republic under Ghana's first president, Kwame Nkrumah. Mahama's father also served as a senior presidential advisor during Ghana's Third Republic under Hilla Limann who was overthrown in 1981 by Jerry Rawlings.
Mahama had his primary education at the Accra Newtown Experimental School (ANT1) before going to boarding school at Achimota Primary School. He completed secondary school at Ghana Secondary School (Tamale, Northern region). He proceeded to the University of Ghana, Legon, receiving a bachelor's degree in history in 1981 and a postgraduate diploma in communication studies in 1986. As a student, he was a member of Commonwealth Hall (Legon). He also studied at the Institute of Social Sciences in Moscow in the Soviet Union, specializing in social psychology; he obtained a postgraduate degree in 1988.
Early career
After completing his undergraduate education, Mahama taught history at the secondary school level for a few years. Upon his return to Ghana after studying in Moscow, he worked as the Information, Culture and Research Officer at the Embassy of Japan in Accra between 1991 and 1995. From there he moved to the anti-poverty non-governmental organisation (NGO) Plan International's Ghana Country Office, where he worked as International Relations, Sponsorship Communications and Grants Manager between 1995 and 1996. In 1993, he participated in a professional training course for Overseas Public Relations Staff, organized by the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Tokyo. He also participated in a management development course organized by Plan International (RESA) in Nairobi, Kenya.
Political appointments
As Member of Parliament
Mahama was first elected to the Parliament of Ghana in the 1996 elections to represent the Bole/Bamboi Constituency for a four-year term. In April 1997, Mahama was appointed Deputy Minister of Communications. He was promoted to the post of Minister of Communications in November 1998, serving in that post until January 2001, when the ruling National Democratic Congress (NDC) handed over power to the New Patriotic Party's government.
In 2000, Mahama was re-elected for another four-year term as the Member of Parliament for the Bole/Bamboi Constituency. He was again re-elected in 2004 for a third term. From 2001 to 2004, Mahama served as the Minority Parliamentary Spokesman for Communications. In 2002, he was appointed the Director of Communications for the NDC. That same year, he served as a member of the team of International Observers selected to monitor Zimbabwe's Parliamentary Elections. As an MP, he was a member of Standing Orders Committee as well as the Transport, Industry, Energy, Communications, Science and Technology Committee of Parliament.
As Minister and Vice-President
Mahama served as the Deputy Minister of Communications between April 1997 and November 1998. During his tenure as Minister for Communications, Mahama also served as the Chairman of the National Communications Authority, in which capacity he played a key role in stabilising Ghana's telecommunications sector after it was deregulated in 1997. As a minister, he was a founding member of the Ghana AIDS Commission, a member of the implementation committee of the 2000 National Population Census and a deputy chairman of the Publicity Committee for the re-introduction of the Value Added Tax (VAT).
Continuing to expand his interest and involvement in international affairs, in 2003 Mahama became a member of the Pan-African Parliament, serving as the Chairperson of the West African Caucus until 2011. He was also a member of European and Pan African Parliaments' Ad hoc Committee on Cooperation. In 2005 he was, additionally, appointed the Minority Spokesman for Foreign Affairs. He is a member of the UNDP Advisory Committee on Conflict Resolution in Ghana.
On Wednesday, January 7, 2009, Hon. John Dramani Mahama was sworn into office as the Vice-President of the Republic of Ghana after the demise of John Evan Atta Mills. He also served as the Chairman of the National Economic Management Team, the Armed Forces Council of Ghana, the Decentralisation and Implementation Committee and the Police Council of Ghana in this capacity.
As President
In line with Ghana's constitution, Mahama became President of Ghana on 24 July 2012 on the death of his predecessor, John Atta Mills. In July 2012, he became the Ghana's first president to have served at all levels of political office (Ghanaian and Pan-African MP, Deputy Minister, Minister, vice-president and President). He said in parliament upon being sworn in:
This is the saddest day in our nation's history. Tears have engulfed our nation and we are deeply saddened and distraught and I'm personally devastated, I've lost a father, I've lost a friend, I've lost a mentor and a senior comrade. Ghana is united in grief at this time for our departed president.
As a result of his elevation to the presidency, Mahama made political history by becoming the first Ghanaian head of state to have been born after Ghana's declaration of independence on 6 March 1957. The National Democratic Congress (NDC) held a Special National Delegates Congress on 30 August 2012 and endorsed President John Dramani Mahama as its 2012 presidential candidate. President Mahama, the sole candidate of the party, polled 2, 767 votes, representing 99.5% of total votes cast, to pick the slot for the party. Mahama has stated that his administration is deeply committed to continuing the Better Ghana Agenda started under President Mills.
Mahama won the December 2012 general election with 50.70% of the total valid votes cast and a 3% winning margin beating his nearest rival, Nana Akufo-Addo of the main opposition New Patriotic Party, who polled a close 47.74%. This was just barely enough to win the presidency without the need for a runoff. In addition, Mahama won the majority of valid votes cast in eight out of Ghana's ten administrative regions. Thirteen African Heads of State, one Prime Minister, two vice-presidents and 18 government delegations across the world attended his inaugural ceremony at the Black Star Square in Accra on 7 January 2013, when Mahama was sworn in to begin his own four-year term.
After his investiture, the opposition New Patriotic Party led by its 2012 presidential candidate Nana Akufo-Addo, running mate Mahamudu Bawumia and the party chairman Jacob Otanka Obetsebi-Lamptey, challenged the election results, alleging irregularities, malpractices, omissions and violations. The petition was heard by nine justices of the Supreme Court of Ghana. After eight months of hearing, the Court on 29 August 2013 dismissed the petition by a majority opinion.
Mahama is one of Africa's most-followed leaders on the social networking sites, Twitter and Facebook. In May 2013, he stated that all of West Africa is under the threat of Islamist militancy.
On 30 March 2014, he was elected to preside over ECOWAS. On 26 June 2014, he was elected Chairperson of the African Union's (AU's) High-Level African Trade Committee (HATC).
On 21 January 2016 on the occasion of the World Economic Forum in Davos, Mahama became co-chair of the Sustainable Development Goals Advocates group which consists of 17 eminent persons assisting the UN Secretary-General in the campaign to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that world leaders unanimously adopted in September 2015. With a mandate to support the Secretary-General in his efforts to generate momentum and commitment to achieve the SDGs by 2030, the SDG Advocates have been working to promote the universal sustainable development agenda, to raise awareness of the integrated nature of the SDGs, and to foster the engagement of new stakeholders in the implementation of these Goals.
Mahama sought a second full term at the December 2016 general election. He was eligible for a second full term since he ascended to the presidency with only six months remaining in Mills' term. In Ghana, a vice president who ascends to the presidency is allowed to run for two full terms in his own right if more than half of his predecessor's term has expired. He was defeated by main opposition leader Akufo-Addo in a rematch from four years earlier, and conceded defeat on election night. Mahama polled 44.4% of the valid votes cast compared to Akufo-Addo's 53.5%.
In December 2016, he was part of the ECOWAS mediation team to resolve the post-election political impasse in The Gambia between the defeated incumbent, Yahya Jammeh and declared winner, Adam Barrow.
2020 presidential bid
In February 2019, Mahama was confirmed as the candidate of the opposition National Democratic Congress to contest in the 2020 elections, the incumbent president Nana Akufo-Addo who unseated Mahama in a 2016 election, capitalizing on an economy that was slowing due to falling prices for gold, oil and cocoa exports. He won the National Democratic Congress primaries by securing an overwhelming 213,487 votes representing 95.23 percent of the total valid votes cast with the other six contenders managing with about 4 percent of the votes.
On 4 December 2020, Mahama and incumbent President Nana Akufo-Addo, who he faced both in the 2012 and 2016 Ghanaian presidential elections, signed a peace pact to ensure peace before, during, and after the 7 December elections. Akufo-Addo won the election with 51.6% of the vote.
In August 2021, Mahama began a tour dubbed 'Thank you tour' in Ghana to thank Ghanaians for voting in the 2020 presidential election. He visited Upper West, Upper East, North East, Northern and Savannah regions in the first phase. He met Chiefs and Queens, religious leaders and also interacted with the media.
2024 presidential bid
On Saturday 14 May 2023, John Mahama won and was confirmed during the NDC presidential primary as the candidate of the opposition National Democratic Congress to contest in the 2024 General elections. He polled 297,603 votes representing 98.9% and his closest contender, the former Kumasi Mayor Kojo Bonsu, polled a paltry 3,181 representing 1.1%. A third contestant, Dr Kwabena Duffuor, a former Finance Minister of Finance, pulled out of the race on the eve of the elections on Friday, 12 May 2023 making it a two horse race between John Mahama and Bonsu.
Personal life and interests
Mahama is married to Lordina Mahama (née Effah, 6 March 1963). Mahama has five children named Shafik, Shahid, Sharaf, who formerly played for Rostocker FC as a striker, Jesse and Farida. He is a Christian, born and raised a Presbyterian but is now a member of the Assemblies of God, Ghana by marriage. His family is multi-faith, consisting of Christians and Muslims. Being a staunch campaigner for sustainability, he has a keen interest in environmental affairs, particularly the problem of single-use plastic waste pollution in Africa, which he committed himself to addressing during his tenure as vice president.
Over the course of his career, Mahama has written for several newspapers and other publications both locally and internationally. As a Parliamentarian, Mahama wrote Mahama's Hammer, a semi-regular column in a Ghanaian newspaper. His essays have also been published in the Daily Graphic, Ebony, Huffington Post, the Louisville Courier-Journal, the New York Times and The Root. Additionally, he was a featured speaker at the TEDx Great Pacific Garbage Patch Conference in Santa Monica. Mahama is also a devotee of Afrobeat music, especially that of Fela Kuti. Apart from his hobby of reading, Mahama also has a passionate interest in innovation particularly the use of technology in agriculture being a farmer himself. In particular, he is interested in finding the most effective ways to improve agricultural productivity and works to encourage more young people to see farming as a viable business and not a subsistence activity. This has translated into his passion to see the Savanna Accelerated Development Authority (SADA) create new opportunities for people living in the Savanna areas of the country, which includes the three Northern Regions, and the Volta Region. Even on official assignments outside of country, Mahama likes to take advantage of opportunities to visit agricultural establishments and update himself on current trends and developments. He also takes keen interest in the opportunities for simplifying and making tasks easier with the use of information and communications technology, and considers the ICT industry one of the sectors that can play a significant role in economic transformation and job creation. Mahama is the elder brother of Ghanaian businessman Ibrahim Mahama who owns Dzata Cement.
Books
Mahama's first book, a memoir called My First Coup d'État: Memories from the Lost Decades of Africa, was published by Bloomsbury on 3 July 2012. The most promising son of an affluent government minister, he spent his childhood shuttling in his father's chauffeur-driven cars, from his elite boarding school Achimota School in Accra to his many homes. He recalls in its first chapter the day in 1966 when he learned of the ousting of Ghana's founding president, Kwame Nkrumah, in a military coup: "When I look back on my life it's clear to me that this moment marked the awakening of my consciousness. It changed my life and influenced all the moments that followed."
Corruption allegations
It was revealed in 2016 that Mahama accepted a Ford Expedition from a construction firm bidding for a lucrative government contract in 2012, while he was serving as vice president. The Burkinabe contractor who had previously constructed a wall at the Ghanaian Embassy in Ouagadougou was at the time looking to get a road-building contract in Ghana's Volta region; this contractor later secured the contract but the vehicle in question had already been added to the government's fleet of cars by the ex-president for Government use.
Under Mahama's presidency in 2014, Ghana's Savannah Accelerated Development Authority (SADA) misappropriated millions of dollars allocated to it. SADA paid GH₵32,498,000 to ACICL, a business owned by Ghana's Roland Agambire, Mahama's close confidante, to plant five million trees in the savannah zone, but could only account for about 700,000 trees. It was also discovered that SADA spent GH¢15 million on guinea fowl, but could only account for a few of the birds.
In 2015 it was again discovered that the contract for the rebranding of 116 Metro Mass Transit (MMT) buses at a cost of Gh₵3,600,000 was sole-sourced and awarded to a company named "Smarttys," owned by a member of the ruling NDC activist Selassie Ibrahim. It was revealed that the rebranding of the buses cost the government Gh₵3,600,000 which at the time was more than the cost of the 116 buses, the money lost was eventually refunded through the Attorney General's office.
Honours and awards
Mahama received an honorary doctorate in the field of Public Administration, from the Ekiti State University of Nigeria, formerly affiliated to the Obafemi Awolowo University in "recognition of his politico-socio economic development of Ghana and Africa at various stages of his political career." Later the same university passed a resolution to name its Faculty of Management Science after him.
The Cuban government, recognising Mahama's relentless advocacy for the Cuban cause, namely for the lifting of the 50-year economic embargo on the communist country and for the freedom of the detained Cuban five by the United States government, conferred on him the Friendship Medal. The General Council of Assemblies of God, Ghana honoured Mahama with its Daniel Award. The Graduate School of Governance and Leadership also awarded him the African Servant Leadership Award while the Institute of Public Relations recognized Mahama with a prize for his leadership acumen and technocratic flair. In 2013, the Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA) conferred on Mahama the Africa Award for Excellence in Food Security and Poverty Reduction. In March 2016, University of Aberdeen held a special convocation to confer an honorary degree of Doctors of Laws (LLD) on President John Mahama.
Mahama has also attended numerous conferences and won many fellowships, including a study as a visiting scholar at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States. He is also a Bill Gates Fellow. He was awarded the Great Cross of the National Order of Benin, the highest award in Benin, by President Yayi Boni.
In February 2017, Mahama received the 2016 African Political Leader of the Year Award from the African Leadership Magazine in South Africa.
In October 2022, Mahama was honored by Liberty University with a Global Leadership and Economic Impact Award in Virginia, USA. This award was to celebrate him for governing wisely, “advocating and achieving a consistent track record on economic development, women’s participation in education, and enhancing economic growth.”
See also
List of Mills government ministers
List of Mahama government ministers
References
External links
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1958 births
20th-century Ghanaian historians
21st-century Ghanaian historians
Alumni of Achimota School
Communications ministers of Ghana
Former Presbyterians
Ghanaian civil servants
Ghanaian commanders in chief
Ghanaian MPs 1997–2001
Ghanaian MPs 2001–2005
Ghanaian MPs 2005–2009
Ghanaian Pentecostals
Living people
Members of the Pan-African Parliament from Ghana
National Democratic Congress (Ghana) politicians
People from Northern Region (Ghana)
Presidents of Ghana
University of Ghana alumni
Vice-presidents of Ghana
Government ministers of Ghana
21st-century Ghanaian politicians
Ghana Senior High School (Tamale) alumni
Ghanaian writers
20th-century Ghanaian writers
People from Savannah Region (Ghana) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Mahama |
Malik al-Hassan Yakubu is a member of the Pan-African Parliament from Ghana. He is a Ghanaian politician and a Member of parliament for the Yendi constituency. He was previously Minister of Interior, but resigned in 2002 amid accusations of backing one of the sides in a violent conflict in Yendi.
Early life and education
He was born on 29 December 1945.He attended the University of Cape Coast, University of Ghana and the Ghana School of Law.
Career
Malik is a farmer.
Politics
He assumed office on the ticket of New Patriotic Party in 2004. He won by attaining 15,302 votes i.e. 53.50% of the total votes cast.
Politics
Malik was a member of parliament for the fourth parliament of the fourth republic of Ghana. He was elected into members of parliament during the 2004 Ghanaian parliamentary elections on the tickets of the New Patriotic Party with a total votes cast of 15,302 representing 53.50% whiles his opponent, Sulemana Ibn Iddrisu Jnr. of the National Democratic Congress polled 10,779 of the total vote cast representing 37.70%, Nalari Nyoja John of the People's National Convention polled 2,500 which also represent 8.70% of the total votes cast and Zuututugri Mubarak Abdallah and independent candidate had no votes of 0 0.00%.
Malik was also a Minister for Interior during the regime of His Excellency the Ex-President of the republic of Ghana John Agyekum Kufour but in the year 2002 he resigned amid accusations of backing one of two feuding clans involved in the fighting in Yendi, a region in the Northern part of Ghana. He was also the Second Deputy Speaker of parliament.
He was elected into the 2nd parliament of the 4th republic of Ghana on 7 January 1997 after being pronounced winner at the 1996 Ghanaian General Elections. He defeated Sulemana Ibn Iddrisu, Jnr. of the National Democratic Congress by obtaining 47.60% of the total valid votes which is equivalent to 13,743 votes while Sulemana obtained 24.60% which is 7,107 votes in equivalence.
References
External links
"Ghanaian ministers resign over king's death", BBC News, 30 March 2002, retrieved 15 July 2016.
Living people
Members of the Pan-African Parliament from Ghana
Interior ministers of Ghana
New Patriotic Party politicians
Ghanaian Muslims
Ghanaian Ahmadis
University of Cape Coast alumni
University of Ghana alumni
Ghana School of Law alumni
1945 births
Government ministers of Ghana
Ghanaian agriculturalists
Ghanaian MPs 2001–2005
People from Northern Region (Ghana)
Ghanaian MPs 1997–2001
Tamale Senior High School alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik%20Al-Hassan%20Yakubu |
Abraham Ossei Aidooh is a Ghanaian politician from the New Patriotic Party. As of 2008, he is the Majority Leader in the Parliament of Ghana; previously he was Deputy Majority Leader. He is also a member of the Pan-African Parliament. He also is rapporteur of the Committee on Rules, Privileges and Discipline, one of the ten permanent committees of the Pan-African Parliament.
Early life and education
Aidooh was born on 6 August 1953. He obtained his bachelor of law at the University of Ghana, School of Law. He is a Christian.
Career
Aidooh is a legal practitioner by profession.
Politics
Aidooh was a member of the 4th parliament of the 4th Republic and took seat during the 1996 Ghanaian general election for the New Patriotic Party. He was a member of the 2nd Parliament, 3rd parliament and 4th parliament of the 4th republic for Tema west Constituency.
Elections
1996 Elections
Aidooh was elected as the member of parliament for the Tema West Constituency in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana as a member of the Second Parliament of the Fourth Republic of Ghana during the 1996 Ghanaian general elections. He was elected on the ticket of the New Patriotic Party with a total vote cast of 22,521 representing 46.50% of votes cast over his opponents Esther IIan-Agbodo Ogbogu of the National Democratic Congress who had 15,511 of votes which represents 32.00% of the total votes casts and George Alfred Ackah of the Convention People's Party who had no votes cast.
2000 Elections
Aidooh was elected as the member of parliament for the Tema West constituency in the 2000 Ghanaian general elections. He was elected on the ticket of the New Patriotic Party. His constituency was a part of the 16 parliamentary seats out of 22 seats won by the New Patriotic Party in that election for the Brong Ahafo Region. The New Patriotic Party won a majority total of 100 parliamentary seats out of 200 seats in the 3rd parliament of the 4th republic of Ghana. He was elected with 25,647 votes out of 41,944 total valid votes cast. This was equivalent to 61.2% of the total valid votes cast. He was elected over M. Godfrey Nii Tackey of the National Democratic Congress, Justice E. K. Jones-Mensah of the Convention People's Party, Godfrey K. Binbey of the National Reform Party and Joyce Annan of the People's National Convention. These obtained 10,860, 2,887, 1,520 and 976votes respectively out of the total valid votes cast. These were equivalent to 25.9%, 6.9%, 3.6% and 2.3% respectively of total valid votes cast.
2004 Elections
Aidooh was elected as the member of parliament for the Tema West constituency in the 4th parliament of the 4th republic of Ghana in the 2004 Ghanaian general elections. He was elected with 37,975votes out of 71,009 total valid votes cast. This was equivalent to 53.5% of the total valid votes cast. He was elected over George Komla Medie of the National Democratic Congress, Godfried Allan Lomotey of the Convention People's Party, Kojo Amoako of the Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere Party; and Kenneth Nana Amoateng, Ayele A.J. Avon and Justice Awortwe Edwards - all independent candidates. Aidooh was elected on the ticket of the New Patriotic Party. His constituency was a part of the 17 constituencies won by the New Patriotic Party in the Greater Accra region in that elections. In all, the New Patriotic Party won a total 128 parliamentary seats in the 4th parliament of the 4th republic of Ghana.
References
Living people
Members of the Pan-African Parliament from Ghana
Ghanaian MPs 1997–2001
Ghanaian MPs 2001–2005
Ghanaian MPs 2005–2009
New Patriotic Party politicians
1953 births
Ghanaian Christians
21st-century Ghanaian politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham%20Ossei%20Aidooh |
Andrews Adjei-Yeboah was the member of parliament for Tano South constituency for the 5th parliament of the 4th republic of Ghana.
Early life and education
Adjei-Yeboah was born on 26 November 1955. He comes from Techimantia in the Ahafo Region of Ghana. He graduated from the University of Ghana with Bachelor of Science in Administration in 1982.
Career
Adjei-Yeboah was the chief executive officer of Farest Wood Products Company Limited before he became a Member of Parliament.
Politics
Adjei Yeboah was first elected as the Member of parliament for the Tano South constituency in the Brong Ahafo region of Ghana for the 3rd parliament of the 4th republic of Ghana.
In 2000, Adjei-Yeboah won the Ghanaian general elections as the member of parliament for the Tano South constituency of the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana. He won on the ticket of the New Patriotic Party. His constituency was a part of the 14 parliamentary seats out of 21 seats won by the New Patriotic Party in that election for the Brong Ahafo Region. The New Patriotic Party won a majority total of 100 parliamentary seats out of 200 seats in the 3rd parliament of the 4th republic of Ghana. He was elected with 14,003 votes out of 24,920 total valid votes cast. This was equivalent to 57.3% of the total valid votes cast. He was elected over Kwadwo Owusu Agyeman of the National Democratic Congress, Yaw Amankwah of the Convention People's Party, John Arthur of the National Reform Party, Osman Asante-Bonsu of the People's National Convention. These won 9,885, 210, 198 and 134 votes respectively out of the total valid votes cast. These were equivalent to 40.5%, 0.9%, 0.8% and 0.5% respectively of total valid votes cast.
He was re-elected as the member of parliament for the Tano South constituency in the 2004 Ghanaian general elections. He thus represented the constituency in the 4th parliament of the 4th republic of Ghana. He was elected with 14997votes out of 27,844total valid votes cast. This was equivalent to 53.9% of total valid votes cast. He was elected over Boateng Frederick of the People's National Convention and Kwadwo Owusu Agyeman of the National Democratic Congress. These obtained 301votes and 12,546 votes respectively of the total valid votes cast. These were equivalent to 1.1% and 45.1% respectively of total valid votes cast. Adjei Yeboah was elected on the ticket of the New Patriotic Party. His constituency was a part of 14constituencies out of a total 24 constituencies won by the New Patriotic Party in the Brong Ahafo Region in that election. In all the New Patriotic Party won a majority total of 128parliamentary representation out of a total 230 parliamentary seats in the 4th parliament of the 4th republic of Ghana.
Adjei-Yeboah was elected as the Member of Parliament for the Tano South constituency in the 2008 Ghanaian general elections for the 5th parliament of the 4th republic of Ghana. He obtained 15,242 votes out of the 28,822 valid votes cast, equivalent to 52.88% of all total valid votes cast. He was elected over Boateng Fredrick of the People's National Convention, Kwadwo Owusu Agyemang of the National Democratic Congress and Josephine Ataa Oppong of the Convention People's Party. These obtained 1.00%, 43.49% and 2.63% of all total votes cast in the elections.
Personal
Adjei-Yeboah is married with three children. He is a Christian (Methodist).
References
Members of the Pan-African Parliament from Ghana
Living people
New Patriotic Party politicians
Ghanaian MPs 2001–2005
Ghanaian MPs 2005–2009
Ghanaian MPs 2009–2013
University of Ghana alumni
21st-century Ghanaian politicians
1955 births
Ghanaian Christians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrews%20Adjei-Yeboah |
Hagen Stamm (born 12 June 1960 in Berlin) is a former water polo player from Germany, considered to be one of Germany's best in the last twenty years, having won the bronze medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, and two European Championships in 1981 and 1989.
In 2000 Stamm took over the German men's team as head coach and became fifth at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. Stamm is the club president of German series champion Wasserfreunde Spandau 04.
See also
Germany men's Olympic water polo team records and statistics
List of Olympic medalists in water polo (men)
List of men's Olympic water polo tournament top goalscorers
List of World Aquatics Championships medalists in water polo
External links
1960 births
Living people
German male water polo players
Olympic water polo players for Germany
Olympic water polo players for West Germany
Olympic bronze medalists for West Germany
Water polo players at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Water polo players at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Water polo players at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Water polo players from Berlin
Olympic medalists in water polo
Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics
German water polo coaches
Germany men's national water polo team coaches
Water polo coaches at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Water polo coaches at the 2008 Summer Olympics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagen%20Stamm |
Grgo Kusić (1892 – 1918) was a Croat soldier in the Austro-Hungarian Army. According to some accounts, Kusić was tall, and is frequently cited as the tallest Croat ever, as well as the tallest soldier of the Austro-Hungarian Army. However, other accounts put his height at , so the exact figure is not known for certain.
Known as the Gulliver of Dalmatia, the native was a personal imperial guard to emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria in Vienna.
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20090427151034/http://www.afrv.ch/Page_18_infosaviez.htm
1892 births
1918 deaths
Croatian Austro-Hungarians
Croatian military personnel in Austrian armies
20th-century Croatian military personnel | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grgo%20Kusi%C4%87 |
Robert Underwood Johnson (January 12, 1853 – October 14, 1937) was an American writer, poet, and diplomat.
Biography
Robert Underwood Johnson was born in Centerville, Indiana, on January 12, 1853. His brother Henry Underwood Johnson became a member of Congress from that district (1881-1889). His father, Nimrod Hoge Johnson was a lawyer and judge. His mother, Catherine Coyle Underwood was a suffragette. He was schooled in Calvinist Presbyterianism by his uncle by marriage, the Reverend Charles H. Raymond, who served as chargé d’affaires of the Republic of Texas at Washington before its admission as a state of the Union and by Quakerism of the Johnsons.
He attended the Quaker Earlham College in Richmond, Indiana, beginning at age fourteen and graduated with a B.S. in 1871. Johnson’s first work was as a clerk in Chicago, Illinois, agency of the educational books of Charles Scribner’s Sons, and in 1873 he entered the firm’s New York office, beginning his long connection with The Century Magazine, then Scribner’s Monthly, under Josiah Gilbert Holland. The Century Magazine was directed at leaders in the political, religious, artistic, and social opinion circles. One of his first major projects for Scribner's was the editing of “Century War Series” (1883) and the subsequent four volumes Battles and Leaders of the Civil War (1887–88), with the goal of raising circulation (by 100,000), was a series on the great battles of the Civil War from the point of view of officers on both sides based on accounts sourced from soldiers’ family records. Johnson succeeded in securing four papers from General Ulysses S. Grant which later formed the basis of Grant’s Memoirs.
He married Katharine McMahon on August 31, 1876, in Washington, DC. They had a son, Owen McMahon Johnson (1878–1952), who became an American writer in his own right, and a daughter, Agnes McMahon Johnson (1880–1968). After their honeymoon that included attendance at the Philadelphia Exhibition, the couple relocated to the Murray Hill neighborhood in New York City. While in New York City, Johnson's love of nature and exploration extended to outings and ramblings. He was surrounded by social friends over for musical and literary evenings and consumed all forms of art, including opera and theater. His friends from the US and abroad included Tommaso Salvini, Paderewski, the Clemenses, Kipling and Eleonora Duse. By the 1890s, Johnson and his wife became friends with the inventor Nikola Tesla, for whom Johnson wrote a poem. He also collaborated with Tesla transliterating Serbian poems by Jovan Jovanović Zmaj in The Century Magazine.
International copyright
Johnson was a proponent of the establishment of international copyright protections. As secretary of the American Copyright League, he helped get the Law of 1891 passed, for which he was decorated by the French and Italian governments. The silver fruit stand honoring his role is in the collection of the Academy of Arts & Letters. Johnson’s role in the creation, initial passage, and reauthorization of the act to end intellectual piracy in the US ranged from his position at The Century, as an officer of the Copyright League, lobbying Members of Congress, participation in a conference to secure support from labor unions, negotiating with the Congressional conference committee. Johnson was called the father of international copyright law.
Land preservation
Johnson advocated for the forest reservation system and a scientific national policy of conservation. In 1889, after Johnson and naturalist John Muir met in San Francisco, the two camped out together at Soda Springs, in Yosemite Valley; subsequently, in a letter, Johnson encouraged Muir to "start an association" to help protect California's natural wonders, especially the Yosemite – his repeated urging eventually inspired the formation of the Sierra Club in 1892.
Leveraging the influence of The Century, in conjunction with Muir, Johnson was one of the driving forces behind the creation of Yosemite National Park in California in 1890 and in 1913. He served as chairman of a national commission for the preservation of that area and is credited with writing the bill. Muir dedicated his book The Yosemite to Johnson.
Johnson also fought persistently though vainly against the acquisition by the city of San Francisco, California, of the Hetch-Hetchy Valley as a reservoir. In 1906, in letters to President Theodore Roosevelt, he proposed a conference of governors to conserve the forests of the Eastern states, out of which grew the White House Conference on Conservation.
In 2017, a plaque commemorating Johnson’s role in relationship with Muir was erected at Tuolome Meadows – the site where Johnson and Muir held their conversation about land preservation in 1889. Their story was recounted in Ken Burns’s public television series on Our National Parks.
Hall of Fame and American Academy of Arts and Letters
As a founding director of the Hall of Fame of New York University, he helped shape its principles “to instill in both Americans and foreigners, and especially in the youth, the principle of patriotism, a healthy conservatism, and reverence for the traditions of high achievement” along with “respect for scholarship and at the best traditions and standards; secondly, maintenance of the dignity and insistence on the value of literature and the arts; and thirdly, realization that its authority mush rest on the experience and the achievement of its members.” (RY)
He became permanent secretary of the American Academy of Arts and Letters whose formation started in 1899 with Johnson successfully proposing the charter from Congress (1916), purchase of the Venetian Renaissance home on 155th Street, NYC, and the raising of funds for an endowment noting the indebtedness to the ‘finest Spanish scholar in America, Archer M. Huntington’ and culminating in 1904 (?). The first members to be inducted by secret ballot of their peers were William Dean Howells, Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Edmund Clarence Stedman, John La Farge, Mark Twain, John Hay and Edward MacDowell. The second group inducted at the first meeting were Henry James, Charles Follen McKim, Henry Adams, Charles Eliot Norton, John Quincy Adams Ward, Thomas Raynesford Lounsbury, Theodore Roosevelt, and Thomas Bailey Aldrich. A core of fifty members was inducted and in 1908 adopted a constitution.
“The value of a great institution, like the value of a great personality, lies in the potentiality of its influence. Our national ideas need to be firmly established and maintained on an intellectual plane. ….we also need a revival of the gospel that the glory of man is his mind and his soul; and to remember that these, as well as the body, are exposed to starvation and dwarfism and disease and blindness. …”
• In his book entitled Remembered Yesterdays: “The Temple” RUG poem at the laying for the cornerstone of the Academy’s permanent home. Page 439 is an accounting of the history of the Academy. Said by John Hay” an Academy was more needed in our democracy than in an old-world monarchy, which has its own traditions and inherited standards since here we are more subject to the tyranny of vogue.”
As Secretary of the American Committee, he was a driving force for the effort to acquire and preserve as the Keats-Shelley museum from a museum the rooms in Rome on Spanish Steps leading up to the Santa Trinita dei Monti church where the poet John Keats and his friend Joseph Severn spent Keats's final months in 1821. Percy Shelley apparently resided temporarily in a home across the steps.
Ambassador to Italy
Johnson served as the U.S. Ambassador to Italy from April 1920 to July 1921, and represented the United States as observer at the San Remo conference of the Supreme Council of the League. He was decorated by the Italian government in recognition of his work in behalf of good relations between Italy and the United States.
In 1916 he acted as pallbearer for the funeral of Alexander Wilson Drake, director of the Century Magazine art department and a notable engraver from New Jersey.
Johnson’s activities during World War I afforded him the opportunity to “present the little-known facts of Italy’s important contributions to the Allied cause, and that in general I had written much in prose and verse in admiration of that country and her people.” In 1917 he organized and was chairman of the American Poets' Ambulances in Italy. This organization presented 112 ambulances and 37 field hospitals to the Italian army in four months built from Ford chassis from Milan. In 1918–19 he was president of the New York Committee of the Italian War Relief Fund of America and raised $235,000 which was distributed all over Italy “not merely to minister to the suffering but to show Italians everywhere the sympathy and cooperation of America…the blind, prevention or cure of tuberculosis among children of veterans, benevolent work of San Gregorio in Rome.” After being shown a photograph of a child holding ‘the only doll in the valley’ he wrote a poem by that name, sent out a press appeal and ‘hundreds of dolls’ were distributed to the Val.” He served as the U.S. Ambassador to Italy from April 1920 to July 1921, and represented the United States as observer at the San Remo conference of the Supreme Council of the League. He was decorated by the Italian government in recognition of his work in behalf of good relations between Italy and the United States.
In his first week on the job, represented the United States as observer at the San Remo conference of the Supreme Council of the League (1920.) In his biography, he describes in some detail bemoaning the lack of an official record of the proceedings or decisions despite momentous topics such as Armenia, status of Constantinople, Yugoslavia, borders and troop positions in Italy, Germany as well as Palestine and the Zionists. “It is amazing how frequently Italy seemed to be in the throes of an inescapable crisis, which, however, passed by like a summer storm – much noise and turmoil but little damage.” Informed by his research into the Civil War, he visited the lower Alps battle fields. His duties were largely socially diplomatic but also included conversations with American business interested in working in Italy including Charles M. Schwab as well as a persistent opposition to Soviet intrusions of any kind. A detailed description of the Celebration of Vittorio Veneto – enemy losses topped 500,000. A description of hosting a dinner for the King and Queen of Denmark is rich in description of rituals, atmosphere and attire. Zeppelin Roma purchased by the US, extensive description of two trips. He, and apparently many in the diplomatic corps, operated independently receiving little operational funding or response to their queries from the US State Department. He was decorated by the Italian government in recognition of his work in behalf of good relations between Italy and the United States.
Honors
For his service in securing an international copyright, he received the honorary A.M. degree from Yale University, the decoration of chevalier in the French Legion of Honor in 1891 and the cavaliers of the Crown of Italy in 1895. In addition, Johnson was made a commander of the Order of the Crown of Italy in 1919, an officer of the Order of Leopold II (Belgium) in 1919, and the commander of the Order of St. Sava (Serbian) in 1920. He received the Grand Cordon Order of SS.Maurice and Lazarus (Italian), conferred by King Victor Emanuel III in 1921; was named grand officer of the French Legion of Honor in 1922; and received the grand cordon, with star, order of Polonia Restituta in 1931.
A member of Phi Beta Kappa, he was also an organizer in 1904 and permanent secretary of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, an outgrowth of the National Institute of Arts and Letters, of which he had also been secretary. He was a member of the National Citizens Committee of the Third Hague Conference, Independence Hall Conference to found the League to Enforce Peace, National Association of American Speech, Civil Service Reform Association, Sons of the Revolution, and the Authors, MacDowell (honorary), Century and Sierra clubs.
Writings
with Clarence Clough Buel, Battles and Leaders of the Civil War (1887–88)
The Winter Hour and Other Poems (New York: The Century, 1892).
Songs of Liberty and Other Poems (New York: The Century, 1897).
Poems (New York: The Century, 1902).
Saint Gaudens: An Ode (New York: The Century Co.,third edition, 1910)
Saint Gaudens: An Ode and Other Poems (Indianapolis and New York: The Bobbs-Merrill Col,fourth edition, 1914)
Poems of War and Peace (Indianapolis and New York: The Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1916)
Italian Rhapsody and Other Poems of Italy (Published: By The Author, 745 Fifth Avenue, NY, 1917)
Collected Poems, 1881–1919 (New Haven: Yale University, 1920).
"Collected Poems, 1881-1992" (New Haven: Yale University, 1923)
Remembered Yesterdays (Boston: Little, Brown, 1923).
Your Hall of Fame: Being an Account of the Origin, Establishment, and History of This Division of New York University, from 1900 to 1935 inclusive (New York: New York University, 1935).
"Poems of the Longer Flight" (Published: By The Author, 26 East 55th Street, NY, 1928)
"The Pact and Honor and Other Poems" (Published: By The Author, 1929)
"Poems of the Lighter Touch" (1930)
"Poems of Fifty Years" (Published: By The Author, 26 East 55th Street, NY, 1931)
"Aftermath" (Published: By The Author, NY 745 Fifth Avenue,1933)
"Heroes, Children and Fun" (Published: By The Author,1934)
References
External links
Guide to the Robert Underwood Johnson papers at The Bancroft Library
Guide to the Robert Underwood Johnson papers at New York Public Library
Finding aid to Robert Underwood Johnson papers at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library.
March 19, 1916, New York Times, Says “Vers Libre” Is Prose, Not Poetry; Robert Underwood Johnson Deplores Excesses of Ultra-Modern Writers in Rebellion Against What They Call Tyranny of Form
19th-century American historians
American male journalists
19th-century American poets
American male poets
Sierra Club people
Journalists from Washington, D.C.
1853 births
1937 deaths
20th-century American poets
19th-century American male writers
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American diplomats
Earlham College alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Underwood%20Johnson |
South Africa’s National Research Foundation (NRF) is the intermediary agency between the policies and strategies of the Government of South Africa and South Africa's research institutions.
History
It was established on 1 April 1999 as an autonomous statutory body in accordance with the National Research Foundation Act. Dr Fulufhelo Nelwamondo has been appointed as Chief Executive Officer of the National Research Foundation of South Africa with effect from 1 April 2021. The NRF Board is chaired by Dr Nompumelelo Obokoh.
Functions
The NRF has three main functions:
to support research and innovation, through its agency, Research and Innovation Support and Advancement (RISA);
to encourage an interest in science and technology through its business unit, the South African Agency for Science and Technology Advancement (SAASTA);
to facilitate high-end research through its National Research Facilities (South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity; Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory; iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Sciences; South African Astronomical Observatory; Hermanus Magnetic Observatory; National Zoological Gardens of South Africa)
One of the NRF’s key objectives is to ensure appropriately qualified people and high-level infrastructure to produce the knowledge that makes South Africa a global competitor. Its "focus areas" are:
Research and Innovation Support
Astro/Space/Geo Sciences
Biodiversity / Conservation
Nuclear Sciences
Advancing Science
Unlike other Science Councils whose role is research performance, the NRF primarily fulfils an agency role, with a smaller portion of its activity allocated to actual research. Funding from the NRF is largely directed towards academic research, developing high-level human resources, and supporting the National Research Facilities, although beneficiaries include students, and private individuals or companies. KZN Literary Tourism is a project which has received funding through the NRF.
Centres of Excellence
In 2004 the NRF founded seven Centres of Excellence (COE), which aim to facilitate inter-disciplinary research with the aim of enhancing research and capacity building. Additional COEs have been added since:
CoE for Integrated Mineral and Energy Resource Analysis
CoE in Human Development
CoE in Food Security
CoE in Scientometrics and STI Policy (2014): The Nodal Head is Rasigan Maharajh.
CoE in Mathematical and Statistical Sciences
Centre of Excellence in Palaeosciences
The National Institute for Theoretical Physics
Centre of Excellence in Epidemiology Modelling and Analysis
Applied Centre for Climate and Earth Systems Science (ACCESS)
Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology
Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research
Centre of Excellence in Catalysis
Centre of Excellence in Birds as Key to Biodiversity Conservation
Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials
Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology
See also
Department of Science and Technology (South Africa)
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
Human Sciences Research Council (South Africa)
Open access in South Africa and List of South African open access repositories
References
External links
Website
Facebook
Twitter
Foundations based in South Africa
Research institutes in South Africa
Members of the International Council for Science
Members of the International Science Council | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Research%20Foundation%20%28South%20Africa%29 |
Reign Over Me is a 2007 American buddy drama film written and directed by Mike Binder, produced by his brother Jack Binder, and starring Adam Sandler, Don Cheadle, Jada Pinkett Smith, Liv Tyler, Donald Sutherland, Saffron Burrows, and Mike Binder. The film follows the story of former college roommates and old friends Alan and Charlie, the latter of whom is struggling with mental health issues after the loss of his wife and daughters in the September 11 attacks. This was also Melinda Dillon's final film acting role before retiring from acting later that same year and her death in 2023.
Distributed by Columbia Pictures, the film was theatrically released on March 23, 2007, and on DVD and Blu-ray on October 9, 2007. It is the first of two films produced by Madison 23, a drama subsidiary of Sandler's Happy Madison Productions.
Plot
After the Twin Towers went down in 2001, Charlie Fineman lost everything important in his life. Five years have passed since Charlie's wife and daughters died and now the once-successful and sociable man has become a withdrawn shadow of his former self. He does not discuss his loss, causing his in-laws to worry for his sanity, believing that he has struck the tragedy from his mind.
When Charlie suddenly runs into his former college roommate Alan Johnson together once again on a Manhattan street corner, Alan is shocked to see just how far his old friend has fallen. Charlie's hair is long and he wears a headset constantly to let music drown out any mentions of his wife and children.
Though on the surface it would appear that Alan, a successful dentist, has it all, the pressures of a family and career have been weighing heavily on him. At a pivotal moment when Charlie and Alan both need a trusted friend, the restorative power of a rekindled friendship provides a lifeline needed to move forward.
Alan endeavors to bring Charlie out of his shell by convincing him to see a therapist. Barely communicative, he ends every session after only a couple of minutes. His therapist says he needs to tell the story about his family to someone eventually and Charlie soon tells Alan his tragic story. Later on, following a suicide by cop attempt, Charlie ends up in a psychiatric ward.
Legal proceedings commence, and Judge David Raines must determine whether to commit Charlie to psychiatric care. After Charlie suffers a breakdown, Raines leaves the decision to Charlie's in-laws, asking them to think of what their daughter would want for him. Charlie approaches his in-laws in the lobby of the courthouse, stating that he does not carry pictures nor discuss his family because he sees them every day, in the faces of people walking down the street. They decide that he should not be committed; instead, Charlie moves to a new apartment, leaving behind the painful memories associated with his former home.
Alan visits Charlie in his new home and his wife calls and tells him "I love you and just want you to come home." The apartment's doorman brings out Charlie's scooter, telling Alan not to leave stuff lying around. He tells the doorman to take it back upstairs, but he does not respond. Not knowing what to do, Alan decides to ride home on the scooter.
Cast
Adam Sandler as Dr. Charlie Fineman, a man who lost everything important when the Twin Towers collapsed
Don Cheadle as Dr. Alan Johnson, a dentist who is the former college roommate of Charlie
Jada Pinkett Smith as Janeane Johnson, the wife of Alan
Liv Tyler as Dr. Angela Oakhurst, Charlie's therapist
Saffron Burrows as Donna Remar, Alan's "stalker" patient
Donald Sutherland as David Raines, a judge at the committal hearing
Mike Binder (film's director) as Bryan Sugarman, Charlie's protective pre-tragedy best friend
Robert Klein as Jonathan Timpleman, Charlie's father in-law
Melinda Dillon as Ginger Timpleman, Charlie's mother in-law
Jonathan Banks as Stelter, Alan's abrasive dental practice partner
John de Lancie as Nigel Pennington, a "covert" therapist Alan arranges
Paula Newsome as Melanie, Alan's protective dental practice receptionist
Ted Raimi as Peter Saravino, Charlie's committal hearing lawyer
Rae Allen as Adell Modell, Charlie's protective landlady
B. J. Novak as Fallon, the DA's committal hearing lawyer
Soundtrack
The many songs during the film include Bruce Springsteen's "Out in the Street" and "Drive All Night", "Simple Man" by Graham Nash, and a few songs by the Who, including the titular "Love, Reign o'er Me". The latter appears on the film's soundtrack, along with a cover version recorded specifically for the film by Pearl Jam.
Televised trailers featured the songs "Ashes" by English band Embrace, "All These Things That I've Done" by the Killers, "How to Save a Life" by the Fray, and "In This Life" by Chantal Kreviazuk.
The score was written by Rolfe Kent and orchestrated by Tony Blondal.
Reception
Box office
The film opened to $7,460,690 from 1,671 theaters, for an average of $4,465 per venue. Its last recorded weekend was April 27–29, 2007, with a final domestic gross of $19,661,987. It made another $2,560,321 internationally, for a total worldwide gross of $22,222,308, against its $20 million budget.
Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 64% based on 153 reviews, with an average rating of 6.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Reign Over Me is a charming, affecting tale of friendship and loss, with solid performances from Adam Sandler as a broken, grief-stricken man and Don Cheadle as his old friend and savior." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 61 out of 100, based on 33 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews." Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade A− on scale of A to F.
Lisa Schwarzbaum at Entertainment Weekly gave Reign Over Me a B− rating, calling the film "a strange, black-and-blue therapeutic drama equally mottled with likable good intentions and agitating clumsiness." She shared her own discomfort with seeing the September 11 attacks casually included as a plot device in a fictional dramedy, though praised the film's performances and story. The New York Times found the film "maddeningly uneven", adding, "It's rare to see so many moments of grace followed by so many stumbles and fumbles, or to see intelligence and discretion undone so thoroughly by glibness and grossness. And it is puzzling, and ultimately draining, to see a film that waves the flag of honesty—Face your demons! Speak from your heart! Open up!—turn out to be so phony."
The video gaming blog Kotaku praised Reign Over Me's inclusion of the video game Shadow of the Colossus, stating that it "must be one of the first Hollywood films, if not the first, to deal with games thematically and intelligently."
See also
List of cultural references to the September 11 attacks
References
External links
2007 films
2007 drama films
American buddy drama films
2000s buddy drama films
Films based on the September 11 attacks
Films set in New York City
Columbia Pictures films
Happy Madison Productions films
Relativity Media films
Films directed by Mike Binder
Sunlight Productions films
Films scored by Rolfe Kent
2000s English-language films
Films about grieving
2000s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reign%20Over%20Me |
Members of the genus Selenomonas (motile crescent-shaped bacteria in general) are referred to trivially as selenomonads. The genus Selenomonas constitutes a group of motile crescent-shaped bacteria and includes species living in the gastrointestinal tracts of animals, in particular the ruminants.
A number of smaller forms discovered with the light microscope are now in culture but many, especially the large selenomonads are not, owing to their fastidious and incompletely known growth requirements.
Gram stain
The family Veillonellaceae was transferred from the order Eubacteriales to the new order Selenomonadales in the new class Negativicutes. Despite most of the members of the Bacillota staining positive for the Gram stain and being trivially called "low-GC Gram-positives" (c.f. Bacterial phyla), members of the Negativicutes stain Gram-negative and possess a double bilayer.
This transfer now appears to have been mistaken. On further examination the Selenomonads appear to be members of the Clostridia.
Etymology
The etymology of the name Selenomonas comes from the Ancient Greek noun selênê (σελήνη), meaning the moon, a linking -o- and the noun monas (μόνας) which in microbiology has come to mean bacterium.
The name Selenomonas simply refers to the crescent moon-shaped profile of this organism and not in any way to the chemical element selenium. The unique cell morphology of certain large selenomonads (with its in-folding of the cell membrane behind the flagella) would indicate bilateral symmetry along the long axis—an unusual property for prokaryotes.
History and description
The literature on Selenomonas has roots dating back to the 19th century—and beyond—since the features and movements of living (then unclassified) crescent-shaped microorganisms from the human mouth were first described by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 1683.
During more recent years the crescent-shaped organism observed in ruminant stomachs has been variously described as:
Ancyromonas ruminantium,
Selenomastix ruminantium,
Spirillum ruminantium,
Selenomonas ruminantium.
As can be ascertained from the above nomenclature, the genus Selenomonas provides a fascinating history of scientific discovery, involving placement then re-placement in the classification systematics, oscillating between animal and bacterial kingdoms. In early descriptions it was thought to be a protozoan and hence for a while received the name Selenomastix.
The most morphologically interesting members of the selenomonads are undoubtedly the large motile crescents found in the warm anaerobic nutrient-rich microecosystem provided by ruminant rumen, guinea-pig caecum (S. palpitans) and even pockets in the human gingiva (S. sputigena). In the illustrated atlas of sheep rumen organisms of Moir and Masson their organisms nos. 4 and 5 represent two forms of the large Selenomonads.
These crescents live only a short time under the light microscope but during that time display a remarkable "tumbling" motion produced by one (or two—during cell division) flagella emanating from a refractile basal body on the concave side, which was first described by Woodcock & LaPage, studied later by Lessel & Breed (with photomicrographic addendum from C. F. Robinow), then by Jeynes, who (mistakenly) interpreted it as a "blepharoplast".
Years later, preparations of native rumen contents were examined for the first time by transmission electron microscopy of thin sections, negative stains and freeze-fracture replicas. and many of the reasons for previous confusion were clarified. The "flagellum" was found to be quite unrelated to the flagellum of ciliate protozoa, instead consisting of a "fascicle" of numerous bacterial-type flagella (each displaying 11-fold subunit symmetry), twisted just outside the cell body into helical bundles to form strong organs of propulsion.
The large crescents (which are better described as "bean-shaped") have flagella which are quite differently inserted into the concave side of the cell from those of the smaller species of Selenomonas. The small selenomonads have a rather low number of individual flagella inserted in a longitudinal row along the concave side whereas the large selenomonads have a much larger number, inserted into a circular patch of the cell membrane in the concave side in a close-packed (hexagonal) pattern, each flagellum inserted into a bullet-shaped structure at the cell membrane.
Another interesting feature is the refractile body located beneath the massive flagella bundle characterizing the large crescents. It is not related morphologically to the ciliate blepharoplast (a "9+2" centriole-related structure found in cryptogams such as cycads, Ginkgo biloba and algae e.g. Euglena and Chlamydomonas). This flagella-associated structure observed in the large selenomonad can perhaps best be described as a "basal sac" formed by an invagination (in-folding) of the "polar organelle" region of the bacterial cell membrane in the middle of the concave side of the organism so that it lies directly behind the flagella. It appears to be unique in prokaryotes so far examined since in other bacteria possessing polar organelles, the structure is situated beside and around the flagella insertion bases in the cell membrane, but never lying behind them in the cytoplasm as in the case of the large selenomonad.
The large crescents, with their unique morphology, still present many puzzles in their systematics. It is already clear from ultrastructural features that the genus Selenomonas is most probably an artificial classification, bringing together possibly unrelated organisms, simply because of their common possession of crescent morphology and peculiar flagellar insertion location. Successful attempts to maintain the large crescents in continuous culture over short terms have been reported by Prins but long term culturing has not been possible so far. Genetic sequencing of the large crescents should provide the essential information required to better understand and classify these organisms.
With regard to the small selenomonads, research on obesity suggests that S. noxia may be an indicator of change in oral microbial ecology and might be directly or indirectly involved in obesity.
Phylogeny
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
Unassigned species:
"S. palpitans" Simons 1922
See also
List of bacterial orders
List of bacteria genera
References
Negativicutes
Bacteria genera | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenomonad |
Lezayre ( ; ), formally Kirk Christ Lezayre, is one of the seventeen historic parishes of the Isle of Man.
It is located in the north of the island (part of the traditional North Side division) in the sheading of Ayre.
Administratively, part of the historic parish of Lezayre is now part of the town of Ramsey.
Other settlements in the parish include Glen Auldyn and Sulby.
Local government
For the purposes of local government, most of the historic parish forms a single parish district with Commissioners.
Since 1865, an area in the east of the historic parish of Lezayre has been part of the separately administered town of Ramsey, with its own town commissioners.
The Captain of the Parish (since 2005) is Denis Duggan.
Politics
Lezayre parish is part of the Ayre & Michael constituency, which elects two Members to the House of Keys. Before 2016 it was in the Ayre constituency, and since 1867 Ramsey has formed its own constituency.
Geography
The parish is bounded by Michael and Ballaugh to the west, Andreas and Bride to the north, the town of Ramsey and the parishes of Lonan and Maughold to the east, and Braddan to the south. Its area is about .
The name means "of", "at" or "towards" the Ayre.
Lezayre is primarily rural and mountainous, and includes the summit of Snaefell, the highest point of the island, and much of the mountain sections of the TT course. It also includes most of the course of the Sulby river, the longest river on the island; Tholt-y-Will Glen; and part of Sulby Reservoir. Most of the settlement in the parish is stretched along the main road from Ramsey towards Peel, including the village of Sulby and the small village of Churchtown centred on the parish church. Much of the northern part of the Millennium Way passes through the parish.
Demographics
The Isle of Man census of 2016 returned a parish population of 1,276, a decrease of 0.5% from the figure of 1,282 in 2011.
Churches
The Church of England parish church of Kirk Christ, Lezayre was built in 1835. It is likely that it is so called to distinguish it from the other Kirk Christ, located in the sheading of Rushen. One of its windows was erected by stained glass painter and art dealer Daniel Cottier, whose father and grandfather were born in the parish. In 2013, it was closed and the diocese is looking to sell the building. There are two other Church of England churches in the parish: St. Stephen's, Sulby and St. Fingan's, a small converted Methodist chapel in Glen Auldyn.
Sulby has a prominent Methodist church.
References
Sources
Lezayre Parish community and local government information
Manxnotebook - Lezayre with full description of the parish
Isle of Man Building Control Districts showing parish boundaries
Glenology - Manx Glens An ongoing study of Manx glens, their locations and meanings.
Parishes of the Isle of Man | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lezayre |
General Sir Charles William Dunbar Staveley (18 December 1817 – 23 November 1896) was a British Army officer.
Early life
He was born at Boulogne-sur-Mer, France, the son of Lt-General William Staveley and Sarah Mather, and educated at the Scottish military and naval academy, Edinburgh.
Career
He was commissioned as second lieutenant in the 87th (Royal Irish Fusiliers) on 6 March 1835. He became a lieutenant on 4 October 1839, and captain on 6 September 1844. From July 1840 to June 1843 he was aide-de-camp to the Governor of Mauritius, where his regiment was stationed, and where his father was acting Governor during part of that time. On his return home, he was quartered at Glasgow, and saved a boy from drowning in the Clyde at imminent risk of his own life, as he was not yet fully recovered from a severe attack of measles.
He exchanged to the 18th Foot on 31 January 1845, and to the 44th on 9 May. From 15 June to 11 May 1847 he was aide-de-camp to the Governor General of British North America. An admirable draughtsman, his sketches proved very useful during the settlement of the Oregon boundary question in 1846. He was assistant military secretary at Hong Kong, where his father was in command, from 20 March 1848 to 27 February 1851.
Crimean War
He had become a major in the 44th Regiment of Foot on 7 December 1850, and went with them to Turkey in 1854. When the regiment embarked for the Crimea he was to have been left behind on account of illness, but he hid himself on board until the vessel sailed.
He was present at Alma and at Balaclava, where he acted as aide-de-camp to the Duke of Cambridge. On 12 December 1854 he became a lieutenant-colonel in his regiment. The 44th belonged to Sir William Eyre's brigade of the third division, and took part in the attempt on the dockyard creek on 18 June 1855, and in the capture of the cemetery – the sole success achieved. Staveley was mentioned in dispatches (London Gazette, 4 July) and was made CB. He also received the Crimean Medal with three clasps, the Sardinian and Turkish medals, and the Medjidia (fifth class).
China
He commanded the regiment from 30 June 1855. It returned to England in July 1856, embarked for Madras in August 1857, and went on to China in March 1860. He had become colonel of the 44th on 9 March 1858, and on 28 April 1860 he was made brigadier-general, and was given command of the 1st Brigade of Michel's 1st Division during the Anglo-French expedition to Peking. He was present at the capture of the Taku forts, was mentioned in dispatches (ib. 4 Nov. 1860), and received the medal with clasp. On 18 January 1861, he was given one of the rewards for distinguished service.
He was left as Commander of British Troops in China and Hong Kong in 1862. The Taiping Rebellion was then in full career. The rebels had broken their promise not to come within thirty miles of Shanghai and were threatening that city itself. In April Staveley marched against them with a force of about two thousand men, of which about one-third consisted of French and English seamen and marines. He shelled them out of the entrenched camp at Wongkadze and stormed Tsipu, Kahding, Tsinpu, Nanjao and Cholin in the course of April and May. But the Chinese imperial troops were unable to hold all the towns recovered, and he had to withdraw the British garrison from Kahding (ib. 18 July and 5 Aug. 1862). In the autumn Kahding and Tsinpu were again taken, and the thirty-mile radius cleared of the rebels.
In December he was asked by Li Hung Chang to name a British officer to replace the American Burgevine as commander of the disciplined Chinese force which had been formed by Frederick Townsend Ward. Staveley named Charles George Gordon, who had been chief engineer under him in the recent operations, and had surveyed all the country around Shanghai. They had served together before Sebastopol, and Staveley's sister was the wife of Gordon's brother. The appointment had to be approved from England, and was not taken up until the end of March 1863. At that time ill-health obliged Staveley to resign his command and go home.
Abyssinia
In March 1865 he was made KCB and was appointed to the command of the first division of the Bombay Army. On 25 September 1867, he was promoted major-general, and in November, by Sir Robert Napier's desire, he was given command of the first division of the force sent to Abyssinia. He showed his energy to good purpose in the organisation of the base at Annesley Bay, and he conducted the fight on the Arogye plain, which immediately preceded the capture of Magdala. Napier said in his dispatch that Staveley had afforded him most valuable support and assistance throughout the campaign. He received the thanks of Parliament and the medal.
Later life
Staveley commanded the troops in the Western District for five years from 1 January 1869, and in the autumn manoeuvres of 1871 round Aldershot, one of the three divisions was under him. He was Commander-in-Chief of the Bombay Army from 7 October 1874 to 7 October 1878, with the local rank of lieutenant-general, which became his substantive rank on 29 April 1875. On 1 October 1877 he became general. He was given the colonelcy of the 36th foot on 2 February 1876, and transferred to his old regiment, the 44th (which had become the first battalion of the Essex Regiment), on 25 July 1883. He received the GCB on 24 May 1884. He had been placed on the retired list on 8 October in the previous year.
He died at Aban Court, Cheltenham, on 23 November 1896, and was buried at Brompton Cemetery, London on 27 November.
Family
In 1864, Charles married Susan Millicent, daughter of Charles William Minet of Baldwyns, Kent. They had five sons: William, Charles, Henry, Arthur and Cecil, who later became a vice admiral. Cecil's son Sir William Staveley became an Admiral of the Fleet. They also had three daughters: Rose, Leila and Susan.
References
Bibliography in Worcestershire Regiment
DNB entry
|-
|-
1817 births
1896 deaths
British Army generals
Royal Irish Fusiliers officers
Royal Irish Regiment (1684–1922) officers
British Army personnel of the Crimean War
British military personnel of the Abyssinian War
British Army personnel of the Second Opium War
British military personnel of the Taiping Rebellion
Commanders of Hong Kong
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Burials at Brompton Cemetery
44th Regiment of Foot officers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Staveley |
The following are the association football events of the year 2004 throughout the world.
Events
5 January – Manager Mark Wotte leaves Dutch club Willem II Tilburg and becomes technical director at Feyenoord Rotterdam.
29 January – Dutch club Volendam sacks manager Henk Wisman. Former player Johan Steur is named interim-manager.
2 February – South Korean Club Anyang Cheetahs move to Seoul and change their name to FC Seoul.
14 February – Tunisia beat Morocco 2–1 to clinch the first African Cup of Nations in the country's history.
29 February – Middlesbrough beat Bolton Wanderers 2–1 to win the League Cup, the club's first cup in their 128-year history.
25 April – FA Premier League – Arsenal clinch the Premier League title, their second in three years, with four games still to play.
29 April – San Marino record their first ever win, a 1–0 victory over Liechtenstein in a friendly.
2 May – Milan clinch the Italian Serie A title.
8 May – Werder Bremen win the German Bundesliga
8 May – Valencia win the Spanish Primera División.
8 May – Ajax wins the Dutch title in the Eredivisie.
15 May – Arsenal complete their last game of the Premier League season with a victory, becoming the first team to go unbeaten for a whole season in the top division of English football since Preston North End in 1889. FIFA gives the host of the 2010 Football World Cup the first Football World Cup in Africa to South Africa
19 May – Valencia defeat Marseille 2–0 in the UEFA Cup final in Gothenburg, Sweden.
22 May – Manchester United win their record 11th FA Cup, defeating Millwall 3–0.
22 May – Millwall midfielder Curtis Weston, becomes the youngest FA Cup Final player in history at 17 years 119 days, beating the 125-year-old record of James F. M. Prinsep.
26 May – Porto defeat AS Monaco 3–0 in the UEFA Champions League final in Gelsenkirchen, Germany.
26 May – Darren Fletcher captains Scotland to a 1–0 win over Estonia, becoming the youngest Scottish captain in 100 years (aged 20 years, 114 days).
3 June – De Graafschap returns to the Dutch Eredivisie after a 3–2 win over Excelsior Rotterdam in the promotion/relegation play-offs.
26 June – River Plate win the Argentine Clausura League.
30 June – Santo André defeats Flamengo 4–2 on aggregate to clinch the Brazilian Cup.
1 July – Once Caldas (Colombia) defeats Boca Juniors (Argentina) 1–1 on aggregate, 2–0 on penalties to win the Copa Libertadores.
4 July – Greece win the UEFA Euro 2004 football tournament, defeating the host nation Portugal in a 1–0 upset victory.
25 July – Brazil win the Copa América football tournament, defeating Argentina 4–2 on penalties.
26 July – Gerard van der Lem is fired as manager of the Saudi Arabia national football team.
7 August – Japan win the 2004 Asian Cup football tournament, defeating China 3–1.
8 August – Utrecht wins the Johan Cruijff Schaal, the annual opening of the new season in the Eredivisie, for the first time by a 4–2 win over Ajax in the Amsterdam ArenA.
18 August – Marco van Basten makes his debut as the manager of Dutch national team with a 2–2 draw in the friendly against Sweden, replacing criticised Dick Advocaat. Four players make their debut: defender Jan Kromkamp (AZ) and strikers Romeo Castelen (Feyenoord Rotterdam), Dave van den Bergh (Utrecht) and Collins John (Fulham).
26 August – United States win the Olympic women's football tournament, defeating Brazil 2–1 in extra time.
28 August – Argentina win the Olympic men's football tournament, defeating Paraguay 1–0.
1 November – Football Federation Australia launches Australia's new national competition, the A-League, replacing the former National Soccer League.
10 December
Newell's Old Boys win the Argentine Apertura League.
Cienciano defeats Boca Juniors 4–2 on penalties to win the South American Recopa final in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.
12 December – Porto defeats Once Caldas 8–7 on penalties in the Intercontinental Cup final in Yokohama, Japan.
13 December – Dutch club NEC fires manager Johan Neeskens. He is replaced by former player Cees Lok.
17 December – Boca Juniors defeats Bolívar 2–1 on aggregate to win the Copa Sudamericana final in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
19 December – Santos clinch the Brazilian League
Winners of national club championships
Africa
– Aviação
– Al-Zamalek
Morocco – Raja Casablanca
Mozambique – Ferroviário de Nampula
Nigeria – Dolphins FC
– Kaizer Chiefs Football Club
Tunisia – Espérance
Asia
– Shenzhen Jianlibao
– Sun Hei
– East Bengal Club
– Persebaya Surabaya
:
Pro League – Pas Tehran
Azadegan League – Saba Battery
Hazfi Cup – Sepahan
:
J. League Division 1 – Yokohama F. Marinos
J. League Cup – F.C. Tokyo
Emperor's Cup – Tokyo Verdy 1969 (played 1 January 2005)
– Perlis
– WAPDA
– Al-Gharafa SC
– Al-Shabab
– Tampines Rovers FC
– Suwon Samsung Bluewings
– BEC Tero Sasana
Europe
– SK Tirana
– Principat
– Pyunik
– Grazer AK
– PFC Neftchi
– Dinamo Minsk
– Anderlecht
– Široki Brijeg
– Lokomotiv Plovdiv
– Hajduk Split
– APOEL
– Baník Ostrava
– FC Copenhagen
– Arsenal
– Levadia Tallinn
– HB Tórshavn
– Haka
– Lyon
– WIT Georgia
– Werder Bremen
– Panathinaikos
– Ferencváros
– Fimleikafélag Hafnarfjarðar
– Shelbourne
– Maccabi Haifa
– Milan
– Kairat Almaty
– Skonto
– FBK Kaunas
– Jeunesse Esch
– FK Pobeda
– Sliema Wanderers
– Sheriff Tiraspol
Eredivisie – Ajax
Eerste Divisie – Den Bosch
– Linfield
– Rosenborg
– Wisła Kraków
– Porto
– Dinamo București
– Lokomotiv Moscow
– Pennarossa
– Celtic
– Red Star Belgrade
– MŠK Žilina
– ND Gorica
– Valencia
– Malmö FF
– FC Basel
– Fenerbahçe
– Dynamo Kyiv
– Rhyl
North America
– Toronto Croatia (CPSL)
– Deportivo Saprissa
Clausura – UNAM
Apertura – UNAM
– D.C. United (MLS)
Oceania
Australia – Perth Glory
South America
Argentina
2003–04 Clausura – River Plate
2004–05 Apertura – Newell's Old Boys
Bolivia – Bolívar
Torneo Apertura – Bolívar
Torneo Clausura – Oriente Petrolero
Brazil – Santos
Chile
Torneo Apertura – Universidad de Chile
Torneo Clausura – Cobreloa
Ecuador – Deportivo Cuenca
Paraguay – Cerro Porteño
Peru – Alianza Lima
Uruguay – Danubio FC
Venezuela – Caracas FC
International tournaments
African Cup of Nations in Tunisia (24 January – 14 February 2004)
UEFA European Football Championship in Portugal (12 June – 4 July 2004)
and
Copa América in Peru (6–25 July 2004)
AFC Asian Cup in China (17 July – 7 August 2004)
Olympic Games in Greece (11 – 28 August 2004)
Men's Tournament
Women's Tournament
National team results
Europe
South America
Movies
Soccer Dog: European Cup
Männer wie wir (Germany)
Births
19 January — Mohamed Ali Cho, French youth international
23 January – Julio Enciso, Paraguayan international
4 April — Dilawar Ahmadzay, Afghan footballer
15 May — Gabriel Slonina, US youth international
1 June — Emirhan İlkhan, Turkish youth international
8 September — Nico Paz, Argentine youth international
20 November – Youssoufa Moukoko, German youth international
Deaths
January
3 January – T. G. Jones (87), Welsh footballer
5 January – Pierre Flamion (79), French footballer
7 January – Mario Zatelli (91), French footballer
24 January – Leonidas Da Silva, Brazilian striker, top scorer at the 1938 FIFA World Cup. (90)
25 January – Miklós Fehér (24), Hungarian footballer
February
1 February – Ally McLeod (72), Scottish footballer
11 February – Albeiro Usuriaga (37), Colombian footballer
21 February – John Charles (73), Welsh footballer
22 February – Roque Máspoli, Uruguayan goalkeeper, winner of the 1950 FIFA World Cup. (86)
25 February – Jacques Georges (87), French chief of the French Football Federation
29 February – Danny Ortiz (27), Guatemalan footballer
March
1 March – Augusto da Costa, Brazilian defender, captain and runner-up at the 1950 FIFA World Cup. (83)
April
5 April – Fernand Goyvaerts (65), Belgian footballer
20 April – Ronnie Simpson (74), Scottish footballer
May
14 May – Jesús Gil (71), Spanish chief of Atlético Madrid
15 May – Bruno Baião (18), Portuguese footballer, captain of the Benfica youth team
15 May – Henrique Frade, Brazilian striker, third highest goalscorer in the history of Clube de Regatas do Flamengo. (69)
July
10 July – Manuel Quaresma (49), general secretary of the Portuguese Football Federation
13 July – Roger Quenolle (79), French footballer
17 July – Lucien Leduc (85), French footballer
19 July – Carvalho Leite, Brazilian striker, youngest player and last Brazilian surviving member of the 1930 FIFA World Cup. (92)
23 July – Bertie Peacock (75), Northern Irish footballer
August
2 August – José Omar Pastoriza (62), Argentinian footballer
September
20 September – Brian Clough (69), English footballer and manager
October
6 October – Nikola Tsanev (65), Bulgarian footballer
7 October – Oscar Heisserer (90), French footballer
12 October – Jean Robin (83), French footballer
17 October – Andreas Sassen (36), German footballer
23 October – Bill Nicholson (85), English footballer and manager
27 October – Serginho (30), Brazilian footballer
November
6 November – Johnny Warren (61), Australian footballer and manager
9 November – Emlyn Hughes (57), English footballer
December
3 December – Raymond Goethals (83), Belgian footballer
5 December – Hicham Zerouali (27), Moroccan footballer
5 December – Cristiano Júnior (24), Brazilian footballer
Clubs founded
FC Ingolstadt 04
References
Association football by year | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004%20in%20association%20football |
Martha Mier is an American composer and retired independent piano teacher. Nowadays she resides in Lake City, Florida, where she moved after graduating with honors from Florida State University. She is known for composing the Jazz, Rags and Blues series for Alfred music. Many of her works appear in Canada's Royal Conservatory of Music and Conservatory Canada examination syllabi. She is also renowned for her "Romantic Impressions" solo piano books, which contain pieces for beginners to advanced players alike.
Aside from her skills and duties composing and teaching, she is a member of the Music Teachers' National Association, the Florida State Music Teachers' Association and the National Guild of Piano teachers. She is internationally recognized as a composer, teacher and arranger. She also takes part in many competitions in Florida as an adjudicator.
Songbooks
Her songbooks are published at Alfred Music and are listed here in alphabetical order by title, followed by their level of difficulty and succeeded by their item number:
Works
Her works, apart from her songbooks, are also published at Alfred Music and are listed here under their level of difficulty, followed by their title in alphabetical order and succeeded by their item number:
Piano solo
Early Elementary
Abracadabra! (00-6117)
Belle, the Bashful Butterfly (00-17592)
Bright Painted Ponies (00-PA02351)
Charlie's Adventure (00-22473)
The Chocolate Song (00-6178)
Fuzzy Baby Bird (00-3662)
Fuzzy Wuzzy Worm (00-6193)
Gentle Mountain Stream (00-24467)
Gold Doubloons (00-6114)
The Golden Trumpet (00-6100)
King of the Jungle (00-22489)
Medieval Castle (00-21357)
Nothin' to Do Blues (00-22438)
P-I-N-K! (00-6119)
A Quiet Walk (00-6124)
Rainbow Colors (00-6194)
Witch on a Super-Speed Broom (00-8409)
Elementary
Bouree and Musette (00-18138)
Bumblebee Blues (00-19732)
Camilla the Camel (00-12877)
Ceremonial Dance (00-14696)
Computer Talk (00-36161)
Creepy Creaky Sounds (00-18191)
The Donkey's Serenade (00-3664)
Frog on a Log (00-18132)
The Hiccup Song (00-17039)
Katie Cricket (00-22397)
Ladybug Boogie (00-5498)
Lucky Ol' Cowboy (00-18143)
March of the Gnomes (00-14255)
Midnight Shadows (00-18519)
Moonbeam Waltz (00-43023)
A Mysterious Night (00-44294)
Nate's Up to Bat (00-26289)
Penguin Patrol (00-14202)
Sir Cabot (00-18167)
The Sleepy Cat (00-3663)
Swingin' and Swayin (00-14276)
Way Down South (00-14254)
Who Has Seen the Wind? (00-17028)
Late Elementary
Black Cat's Recital (00-17580)
Busy Fingers (00-19761)
Chattanooga Blues (00-21335)
Eagle Dance (00-19742)
Feelin' Blue (00-5430)
Firefly Waltz (00-18536)
Green Dragonflies (00-6650)
Halloween Shadows (00-39665)
Interlude
Ladybug Lullaby (00-19683)
Little Black Cat (00-3681)
Mystery at Blackwater Creek (00-31958)
Pastel Clouds (00-29132)
Slightly Blue (00-14722)
Swaying Willow Trees (00-18983)
Taco Rock (00-3653)
Tambourine Dance (00-25923)
Thistles in the Wind (00-6649)
Early Intermediate
Andalusian Adventure (00-28197)
Appaloosa Pony (00-3654)
Arabian Tale (00-25473)
Copper Penny Rag (00-20757)
Cotton Candy Waltz (00-3682)
Fiddle Tune (00-3622)
Frontier Frolic (00-19704)
Gathering Wildflowers (00-5494)
Harvest Festival (00-38997)
Jack-O'-Lantern Jamboree (00-14234)
Jazzy Little Ragtime (00-37104)
Lady Brittany's Ballad (00-5428)
Misty Morning (00-41284)
Peppermint Rag (00-14264)
Petite Gavotte (00-12883)
Riverboat Jazz (00-34304)
Seafarer's Sonatina (00-5462)
Starry Night Sonatina (00-32430)
Summer Rain (00-17597)
Taco Fiesta (00-27600)
Treasured Moments (00-21316)
Intermediate
Arkansas Suite (00-20781)
Autumn Glow (00-3683)
Baroque Swirls (00-3651)
Caprice (00-24189)
Dance of the Scarecrow (00-3688)
Festival Fanfare (00-22462)
Florida Reflections (00-22394)
Fountain of Dreams (00-5481)
Golden Reflections (00-19778)
Indian Serenade (00-3652)
Jazzin' Jesse (00-19756)
Megan's Song (00-5475)
Melissa's Melody (00-18767)
Misty Falls (00-30587)
Muddy Shoes Blues (00-20749)
Polynesian Breeze (00-17045)
Ragtime Charlie (00-3623)
Reflections of the Heart (00-18531)
Waltz in B Minor (00-17075)
Whistlin' Joe (00-3650)
Winter Starlight (00-14243)
Late Intermediate
Autumn Nocturne (00-18189)
The Bluegrass State (00-31815)
Excursions for right hand alone (00-22469)
Jazzin' Around (00-3689)
Louisiana Legacies (00-27028)
Rhapsody (for left hand alone) (00-18996)
The Shepherd's Reverie (00-17034)
Sunshine Jamboree (00-22415)
Tennessee Treasures (00-34422)
West Virginia: The Mountain State (00-38797)
Early Advanced
Celebration Scherzo (00-19688)Piano duetEarly Intermediate
Blue Parrot Rag for one piano, four hands (00-17051)
Gypsy Celebration for two pianos, four hands (00-5447)
Santa Fe Sunset for one piano, four hands (00-18155)
Intermediate
Carousel Waltz for two pianos, four hands (00-18160)
Concerto in Classical Style for two pianos, four hands (00-20726)
Jazz Debonaire for one piano, four hands (00-37367)
Mexican Holiday for two pianos, four hands (00-11712)
Otter Creek Stomp for one piano, four hands (00-22518)
Stairway of Dreams for two pianos, four hands (00-14763)
A Star-Spangled Celebration for Two for one piano, four hands (00-20775)
Syncopated Sam for two pianos, four hands (00-21353)
Upside-down Tango for one piano, four hands (00-31930)Piano Trio'''Agent 003'' for one piano, six hands, Late Elementary (00-19785)
References
Living people
American jazz pianists
Florida State University alumni
People from Lake City, Florida
1936 births
20th-century American pianists
20th-century American women pianists
21st-century American pianists
21st-century American women pianists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha%20Mier |
Roger Henri Kamiel, Knight Raveel (15 July 1921 – 30 January 2013) was a Belgian painter, whose work is often associated with pop art because of its depiction of everyday objects. Raveel's style evolved throughout his career, from abstract to figurative.
Raveel was born in Machelen-aan-de-Leie, Belgium, and trained in the academies of Ghent and Deinze. After 1952 he began to use large white spaces. A central theme in his work was the opposition of fiction and reality. In 1976 he created a large wall painting in the Brussels metro station Mérode. Portraits of his first wife and favourite model Zulma, to whom he was married until her death in 2009, were a running motif throughout his work.
Raveel died on 30 January 2013 in Deinze, at the age of 91. On 15 July 2016, Google Doodle commemorated his 95th birthday.
Works
References
External links
some works of Roger Raveel
Raveel at Arts Paradise
Raveel at Galerie Dessers
official website of the Roger Raveel Museum
images of paintings and drawings by Roger Raveel, on Wikiart
'Roger Raveel en zijn keuze uit het Museum voor Schone Kunsten in Gent', texts in Dutch of Ludo Bekkers and Roger Raveel; in Dutch art-magazine 'Openbaar Kunstbezit', Jan/Maart 1975
biography facts and dates of Roger Raveel, in the Dutch R.K.D. Archive, The hague
1921 births
2013 deaths
Belgian painters
Belgian nobility
People from Zulte | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Raveel |
Somebody Loves You is the second studio album by American country music artist Crystal Gayle. It was released on October 20, 1975. It peaked at #11 on the Billboard Country Albums chart, with two tracks that broke into the Top Ten Country Singles: the title song, "Somebody Loves You", peaked at #8, and Gayle scored her first ever #1 country hit with "I'll Get Over You".
Critical reception
Reviewing a reissue of the album, Record Collector wrote that "the elegant two-step of 'I’ll Get Over You' and the bouncy title track [give] Gayle more substantial and challenging melodies to tackle."
Track listing
Personnel
Crystal Gayle - vocals
Jimmy Colvard - electric and acoustic guitar
Allen Reynolds - acoustic guitar, backing vocals
Lloyd Green - steel guitar
Buddy Spicher - fiddle
Joe Allen - bass
Shane Keister - keyboards
Charles Cochran - keyboards, string arrangements
Kenny Malone - drums, percussion
Garth Fundis, Janie Fricke - backing vocals
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
Crystal Gayle albums
Albums produced by Allen Reynolds
United Artists Records albums
1975 albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somebody%20Loves%20You%20%28album%29 |
Mowlem was one of the largest construction and civil engineering companies in the United Kingdom. Carillion bought the firm in 2006.
History
The firm was founded by John Mowlem in 1822, and was continued as a partnership by successive generations of the Mowlem and Burt families, including George Burt, and Sir John Mowlem Burt.
The company was awarded a Royal Warrant in 1902 and went public on the London Stock Exchange in 1924. During the Second World War the company was one of the contractors engaged in building the Mulberry harbour units.
A long-standing national contractor, Mowlem developed a network of regional contracting businesses including Rattee and Kett of Cambridge (bought in 1926); E. Thomas of the west country (bought in 1965) and the formation of a northern region based in Leeds in 1970. The network was further augmented by the acquisition of Ernest Ireland of Bath (bought in 1977), and the acquisition of McTay Engineering of Bromborough, together with its shipbuilding subsidiary McTay Marine (also bought in the late 1970s).
In 1971 the company expanded overseas purchasing a 40% shareholding in an Australian contractor, Barclay Brothers, and later taking 100% ownership. The Australian business, re-branded Barclay Mowlem, expanded into all other Australian mainland states, except South Australia, and into Asia.
Mowlem acquired SGB Group, a supplier of scaffolding, in 1986. Mowlem also bought Unit Construction in 1986, giving the firm a substantial presence in private housebuilding - within two years, sales were up to an annual rate of 1,200. The ensuing recession led to losses of over £180m between 1991 and 1993 and banking covenants came under pressure. The housing division was sold to Beazer in 1994.
Mowlem was bought by Carillion in February 2006.
Major projects
Major projects undertaken by or involving Mowlem included:
Billingsgate Fish Market completed in 1874
Clerkenwell Road completed in 1878
Smithfield Fruit Market completed in 1882
Imperial Institute completed in 1887
Woolwich Ferry terminals opened in 1889
Liverpool Street station and the Great Eastern Hotel completed in 1891
Institution of Civil Engineers building completed in 1911
Admiralty Arch completed in 1912
Port of London Authority Building completed in 1919
Bush House completed in 1923
London Post Office Railway completed in 1927
Piccadilly Circus tube station completed in 1928
Battersea Power Station completed in 1933
Mulberry harbour units completed in 1943
Reconstruction works at Buckingham Palace in 1943 following bomb damage
Reconstruction of the House of Commons in 1947 also following bomb damage
William Girling Reservoir completed in 1951
Hunterston A nuclear power station completed in 1957
Strand underpass completed in 1962
Millbank Tower completed in 1963
Reconstruction of 10 Downing Street in 1963
Marine terminal for a joint venture of Esso and Pappas Petroleum in Thessaloniki completed in 1965
New altar for Westminster Abbey in 1966
London Bridge completed in 1972
Natwest Tower completed in 1979
Mount Pleasant Airfield completed in 1986
Docklands Light Railway completed in 1987
Manchester Metrolink completed in 1991
Refurbishment of Thames House completed in 1994
Refurbishment of the Albert Memorial completed in 1998
Expansion of James Cook University Hospital completed in 2003
Spinnaker Tower completed in 2005
Twickenham Stadium South Stand completed in 2006
Dublin Port Tunnel completed in 2006
Mowlem was also the owner and developer of London City Airport completed in 1986.
See also
John Mowlem - Biography of the founder of the company
George Burt - Biography of his successor as manager of the company
Edgar Beck - Biography of chairman then president between 1961-2000
Frank Baines History of John Mowlem unpublished typescript history held at London Metropolitan Archives
References
Sources
Mowlem 1822–1972 – Mowlem Public Relations brochure, 1972
British companies established in 1822
Construction and civil engineering companies of the United Kingdom
Companies formerly listed on the London Stock Exchange
1822 establishments in England
Defunct construction and civil engineering companies
British companies disestablished in 2006
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1822
2006 disestablishments in England
Construction and civil engineering companies disestablished in 2006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mowlem |
Loliondo (Mji wa Loliondo in Swahili) is an administrative town in Orgosorok ward of the Ngorongoro District in the Arusha Region of Tanzania. It is the seat of the Ngorongoro District. In northern Tanzania, Loliondo is situated along the ridges of the Great Rift Valley. It is surrounded by hundreds of kilometers of lush, verdant forest. With Kenya's Maasai Mara in the north, the arid Longido Hills in the east, the Serengeti in the west, Ngorongoro Crater in the south.
References
Populated places in Arusha Region
Ngorongoro District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loliondo%2C%20Ngorongoro |
The Applied Mathematics Panel (AMP) was created at the end of 1942 as a division of the National Defense Research Committee (NDRC) within the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) in order to solve mathematical problems related to the military effort in World War II, particularly those of the other NDRC divisions.
The panel's headquarters were in Manhattan, and it was directed by Warren Weaver, formerly of NDRC Division 7, Fire Control. It contracted projects out to various research groups, notably at Princeton and Columbia Universities.
In addition to work immediately relevant to the war effort, mathematicians involved with the panel also pursued problems of interest to them without contracts from outside organizations. Most notably, Abraham Wald developed the statistical technique of sequential analysis while working for AMP.
AMP was formally disbanded in 1946.
References
MacLane, Saunders. "The Applied Mathematics Group at Columbia in World War II" in A Century of Mathematics in America, vol. 3 (ed. Peter Duren). Providence: American Mathematical Society, 1989.
Owens, Larry. "Mathematicians at War: Warren Weaver and the Applied Mathematics Panel, 1942–1945" in The History of Modern Mathematics, vol. 2 (eds. David E. Rowe and John McCleary). Boston: Academic Press, 1989.
Rees, Mina. "The Mathematical Sciences and World War II". The American Mathematical Monthly (1980), 87, 607–621.
Wallis, W. Allen. "The Statistical Research Group, 1942–1945". Journal of the American Statistical Association (1980), 75, 320–330.
Agencies of the United States government during World War II
Mathematics organizations
Government agencies established in 1942
1942 establishments in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied%20Mathematics%20Panel |
The Lion and the Mouse is one of Aesop's Fables, numbered 150 in the Perry Index. There are also Eastern variants of the story, all of which demonstrate mutual dependence regardless of size or status. In the Renaissance the fable was provided with a sequel condemning social ambition.
The fable in literature
In the oldest versions, a lion threatens a mouse that wakes him from sleep. The mouse begs forgiveness and makes the point that such unworthy prey would bring the lion no honour. The lion then agrees and sets the mouse free. Later, the lion is netted by hunters. Hearing it roaring, the mouse remembers its clemency and frees it by gnawing through the ropes. The moral of the story is that mercy brings its reward and that there is no being so small that it cannot help a greater. Later English versions reinforce this by having the mouse promise to return the lion's favor, to its sceptical amusement.
The Scottish poet Robert Henryson, in a version he included in his Morall Fabillis in the 1480s, expands the plea that the mouse makes and introduces serious themes of law, justice and politics. The poem consists of 43 seven-lined stanzas of which the first twelve recount a meeting with Aesop in a dream and six stanzas at the end draw the moral; the expanded fable itself occupies stanzas 13–36. A political lesson of a different kind occurs in Francis Barlow's 1687 edition of the fables. There the poet Aphra Behn comments that no form of service is to be despised, for just as the humble mouse had aided the king of the beasts, so 'An Oak did once a glorious Monarch save' by serving as a hiding place when King Charles II was escaping after the battle of Worcester.
The 16th-century French poet Clément Marot also recounts an expanded version of the fable in the course of his Épitre à son ami Lyon Jamet (Letter to his friend Lyon Jamet), first published in 1534. This is an imitation of the Latin poet Horace's Epistles, addressed to friends and often applying Aesopian themes to their situations. In this case, Marot has been imprisoned and begs Jamet to help him get released, playing on his friend's forename and styling himself the lowly rat (rather than mouse). La Fontaine's Fables included a more succinct version of the story (II.11) in the following century.
In Ivan Krylov's version (1833), the mouse, instead of disturbing the lion, requests permission to make a house upon his territory, stating it might one day prove useful in return. Resentful of the idea that a creature so pitiful might provide him a service, the lion angrily tells the mouse to flee while he's still alive. Only in the cage does the lion come to realize that his own pride was his downfall.
Artistic interpretations
The fable has been a favourite with artists and sculptors. The Flemish painter Frans Snyders was responsible for at least two versions. One of these used to hang in the Great Hall at Chequers, the country house of the Prime Minister, and was retouched by Winston Churchill so as to highlight the barely visible mouse. In 1973 the painting was restored and the overpainting removed; it now hangs in an ante room to the Great Parlour there.
The fable was also the subject of a painting by the French artist Vincent Chevilliard (1841–1904) and exhibited at the Paris Salon of 1881. The Austrian artist Gustav Klimt incorporated a reference to the beginning of the story on the left hand side of his painting "The Fable" in 1883. There a lion sleeps beneath a shrub, on the leafless twigs of which mice are at play.
Sculptors turned to the fable in the 20th century. One of them was the maker of church furniture, Robert (Mouseman) Thompson, who came by his name for incorporating a mouse into most of his carvings. He did this legitimately in the Church of Our Lady and St Michael in Workington, Cumbria, where the underside of one of the seats in the choir stalls, installed in 1926, depicts the fable of the lion and the mouse.
A Marshall Fredericks statue of 1957 seeks to make the lion less threatening to children. The sculpture was commissioned for the Eastland Center in Harper Woods, Michigan. The lion is carved from limestone and has a large round head with stylized, uniformly coiled ringlets. Reclining on its back, it grins at the little mouse perched on its paw. This was cast from gilt bronze and gold plated, which led to its being stolen numerous times. One was returned 50 years after its theft and exhibited at the Detroit Historical Museum in 2007. A copy of the whole statue is on exhibition in the sculpture garden of the Marshall M. Fredericks Sculpture Museum.
Another American sculptor, Tom Otterness, has made the fable the subject of an equally child-friendly sculpture among the 23 he installed on the outdoor terrace of the seaside Beelden aan Zee museum in Scheveningen, The Netherlands, in 2004. In this the lion is lying trussed up on its side, contemplated by the mouse that stands upright with its hands clasped behind its back. A similar piece of public art by German sculptor Peter Fritzsche (b.1938) is in Eisenhüttenstadt. His lion lies on its back with its legs bound and is perched on a plinth round the sides of which is carved a translation of Ivan Krylov's version of the fable. This dates the work back to the days of the Communist administration.
Among French musical settings of La Fontaine's version of the fable, Le lion et le rat, have been Jacques Magner's of 1886 and that of 1905 by Jacques Soulacroix (1863-1937). Other treatments of different versions have included Mabel Wood Hill's in her Aesop's Fables Interpreted Through Music (New York, 1920) for high voice and piano and Werner Egk's Der Löwe und die Maus for small orchestra and children's choir, performed in 1931. The fable was also included in Edward Hughes' Songs from Aesop's fables for children's voices and piano (1965), as the second of Anthony Plog's set for narrator, piano and horn (1989/93) and among the fables set by Yvonne Gillespie for narrator and full orchestra (2001). In addition, Julie Giroux made it the first movement in her A Symphony of Fables (2006) and David Edgar Walther included it in his 2009 opera cycle Aesop's Fables. In 2012 it was one of the ten on David P. Shortland's Australian recording, Aesop Go HipHop, where the sung chorus after the hip hop narration advised against discrimination: "Little friends are great friends, don’t think short or tall".
Popular applications
Illustrations of the fable have appeared on domestic objects, including a Chelsea plate in 1755 and a tile in the Minton Aesop's Fables series during the 1880s. In 1990 it was to be used on one of a set of four Zambian stamps featuring folk tales.
In 19th century Britain the political cartoonist John Doyle adapted the fable to one of his monthly series of prints in February 1844. In it the mouse nibbling at the net is Earl Russell, who prevailed on the House of Lords to free the leonine Daniel O'Connell from the imprisonment he had incurred for trying to repeal the Irish Act Of Union. In the United States the fable was applied to a case of corrupt lobbying in a Puck cartoon for 23 July 1913. Under the title 'Even a rat may help free a lion', the House of Representatives is shown enmeshed in the nets of "Lobbyism", from which Colonel (Martin) Mulhall is about to free it by his revelations of bribe-taking.
In 1953 the fable was adapted to a two-minute animated cartoon ending with an advertisement for Coca-Cola as a promoter of friendship. The National Film Board of Canada (NFB) twice adapted the story. As The Bear and the Mouse it was issued as a short feature film in 1966 using real animals with voice-over. 10 years later the animated short The Lion and the Mouse appeared, directed by Evelyn Lambart and with an original score by Maurice Blackburn.
Though the fable is frequently a subject of children's literature, Jerry Pinkney's The Lion & the Mouse (2009) tells it through pictures alone, without the usual text of such books, and won the 2010 Caldecott Medal for its illustrations. The story is updated and adapted to fit the conditions of the Serengeti National Park, in which it is set.
The anti-fable
The Neo-Latin fabulist Laurentius Abstemius provided a sequel to the story with an opposite social message in his Hecatomythium (1499). In this the lion promises the mouse any reward it cares to name after setting him free. The mouse asks for the lion's daughter in marriage, but the bride steps on her husband by accident on the marriage night. Where Aesop's fable teaches that no-one should be despised, however low in the social scale, this reinterpretation suggests that one should not try to rise out of one's class through marriage. A later verse treatment by Hieronymus Osius is followed by the same moral. In England, both the Francis Barlow (1687) and Roger L'Estrange (1692) collections include both versions of the fable, as does Samuel Croxall (1721). He, however, reads into the story a lesson on lack of judgment.
The story that Abstemius could have had in mind when inventing his fable of an unequal marriage ridiculously terminated occurs in the Hebrew Bible. Amaziah, king of the lesser power of Judah, sent a challenge to Jehoash, king of Israel, who replied with a dismissive fable:
'A thistle in Lebanon sent to a cedar in Lebanon, saying, Give your daughter to my son for a wife, and a wild beast of Lebanon passed by and trampled down the thistle'. (2 Kings 14.9; repeated in 2 Chronicles 25.18, English Standard Version)
The characters are different there, but the core of the story about the end of presumptuous ambition remains the same.
Eastern versions
The fable is introduced as an illustration into a longer Egyptian myth in a papyrus of indeterminate date towards the start of the Common Era. A lion previously unacquainted with man comes across examples of his cruelty and exploitation of other animals and decides to hunt him down. On his way the lion spares a mouse that comes beneath his paw and it promises to return the favour. This the mouse does by gnawing the lion free when he is netted in a trap set by man. In general the evidence points to the tale being adapted from a Greek source. There was a long established Greek trading colony in Egypt and the document appeared during the reign of the Ptolemaic dynasty, which was of Greek origin itself.
There is also an Indian variant of the story in the Panchatantra, but that is told of mice and elephants. Here too it is introduced into a larger context, in this case a discussion about appropriate friendship, and illustrates the advice 'Make friends, however strong or weak they be'. An elephant herd inadvertently tramples a tribe of mice, who send representatives to beg the elephant king to avoid their settlement in future. Later the herd is trapped and the grateful mice come to their rescue and free them. When the story was carried to China by Buddhist monks, the benefitted animal reverted to a tiger, another member of the cat family.
See also
Androcles
References
External links
Indian folklore
Indian literature
Indian fairy tales
Aesop's Fables
La Fontaine's Fables
Lions in literature
Mice and rats in literature
Literary duos
Works about friendship
Fables by Laurentius Abstemius
ATU 1-99 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Lion%20and%20the%20Mouse |
In decision theory, a scoring rule provides a summary measure for the evaluation of probabilistic predictions or forecasts. It is applicable to tasks in which predictions assign probabilities to events, i.e. one issues a probability distribution as prediction. This includes probabilistic classification of a set of mutually exclusive outcomes or classes.
On the other side, a scoring function provides a summary measure for the evaluation of point predictions, i.e. one predicts a property or functional , like the expectation or the median.
Scoring rules and scoring functions can be thought of as "cost function" or "loss function". They are evaluated as empirical mean of a given sample, simply called score. Scores of different predictions or models can then be compared to conclude which model is best.
If a cost is levied in proportion to a proper scoring rule, the minimal expected cost corresponds to reporting the true set of probabilities. Proper scoring rules are used in meteorology, finance, and pattern classification where a forecaster or algorithm will attempt to minimize the average score to yield refined, calibrated probabilities (i.e. accurate probabilities).
Motivation
Since the metrics in Evaluation of binary classifiers are not evaluating the calibration, scoring rules which can do so are needed. These scoring rules can be used as loss functions in empirical risk minimization.
Definition
Consider a sample space , a σ-algebra of subsets of and a convex class of probability measures on . A function defined on and taking values in the extended real line, , is -quasi-integrable if it is measurable with
respect to and is quasi-integrable with respect to all .
Probabilistic forecast
A probabilistic forecast is any probability measure .
Scoring rule
A scoring rule is any extended real-valued function such that is -quasi-integrable for all . represents the loss or penalty when the forecast is issued and the observation materializes.
Point forecast
A point forecast is a functional, i.e. a potentially set-valued mapping .
Scoring function
A scoring function is any real-valued function where represents the loss or penalty when the point forecast is issued and the observation materializes.
Orientation
Scoring rules and scoring functions are negatively (positively) oriented if smaller (larger) values mean better. Here we adhere to negative orientation, hence the association with "loss".
Expected Score
We write for the expected score under
Sample average score
Given random samples and corresponding forecasts or (e.g. forecasts from a single model), one calculates the (importance sample) estimated expected score as
or
Average scores are used to compare and rank different forecast(er)s or models.
Propriety and consistency
Strictly proper scoring rules and strictly consistent scoring functions encourage honest forecasts by maximization of the expected reward: If a forecaster is given a reward of if realizes (e.g. ), then the highest expected reward (lowest score) is obtained by reporting the true probability distribution.
Proper scoring rules
We write for the expected score under
A scoring rule is proper relative to if (assuming negative orientation)
for all .
It is strictly proper if the above equation holds with equality if and only if .
Consistent scoring functions
A scoring function is consistent for the functional relative to the class if
for all , all and all .
It is strictly consistent if it is consistent and equality in the above equation implies that .
Example application of scoring rules
An example of probabilistic forecasting is in meteorology where a weather forecaster may give the probability of rain on the next day. One could note the number of times that a 25% probability was quoted, over a long period, and compare this with the actual proportion of times that rain fell. If the actual percentage was substantially different from the stated probability we say that the forecaster is poorly calibrated. A poorly calibrated forecaster might be encouraged to do better by a bonus system. A bonus system designed around a proper scoring rule will incentivize the forecaster to report probabilities equal to his personal beliefs.
In addition to the simple case of a binary decision, such as assigning probabilities to 'rain' or 'no rain', scoring rules may be used for multiple classes, such as 'rain', 'snow', or 'clear', or continuous responses like the amount of rain per day.
The image to the right shows an example of a scoring rule, the logarithmic scoring rule, as a function of the probability reported for the event that actually occurred. One way to use this rule would be as a cost based on the probability that a forecaster or algorithm assigns, then checking to see which event actually occurs.
Examples of proper scoring rules
There are an infinite number of scoring rules, including entire parameterized families of strictly proper scoring rules. The ones shown below are simply popular examples.
Categorical variables
For a categorical response variable with mutually exclusive events, , a probabilistic forecaster or algorithm will return a probability vector with a probability for each of the outcomes.
Logarithmic score
The logarithmic scoring rule is a local strictly proper scoring rule. This is also the negative of surprisal, which is commonly used as a scoring criterion in Bayesian inference; the goal is to minimize expected surprise. This scoring rule has strong foundations in information theory.
Here, the score is calculated as the logarithm of the probability estimate for the actual outcome. That is, a prediction of 80% that correctly proved true would receive a score of . This same prediction also assigns 20% likelihood to the opposite case, and so if the prediction proves false, it would receive a score based on the 20%: . The goal of a forecaster is to maximize the score and for the score to be as large as possible, and −0.22 is indeed larger than −1.6.
If one treats the truth or falsity of the prediction as a variable with value 1 or 0 respectively, and the expressed probability as , then one can write the logarithmic scoring rule as . Note that any logarithmic base may be used, since strictly proper scoring rules remain strictly proper under linear transformation. That is:
is strictly proper for all .
Brier/Quadratic score
The quadratic scoring rule is a strictly proper scoring rule
where is the probability assigned to the correct answer and is the number of classes.
The Brier score, originally proposed by Glenn W. Brier in 1950, can be obtained by an affine transform from the quadratic scoring rule.
Where when the th event is correct and otherwise and is the number of classes.
An important difference between these two rules is that a forecaster should strive to maximize the quadratic score yet minimize the Brier score . This is due to a negative sign in the linear transformation between them.
Hyvärinen scoring rule
The Hyvärinen scoring function (of a density p) is defined by
Where denotes the Hessian trace and denotes the gradient. This scoring rule can be used to computationally simplify parameter inference and address Bayesian model comparison with arbitrarily-vague priors. It was also used to introduce new information-theoretic quantities beyond the existing information theory.
Spherical score
The spherical scoring rule is also a strictly proper scoring rule
Continuous variables
Continuous ranked probability score
The continuous ranked probability score (CRPS) is a strictly proper scoring rule much used in Meteorology. It is defined as
where F is the forecast cumulative distribution function and is the observation. Note that the forecast estimates multiple probabilities, so that a cumulative distribution function F arises.
Interpretation of proper scoring rules
All proper scoring rules are equal to weighted sums (integral with a non-negative weighting functional) of the losses in a set of simple two-alternative decision problems that use the probabilistic prediction, each such decision problem having a particular combination of associated cost parameters for false positive and false negative decisions. A strictly proper scoring rule corresponds to having a nonzero weighting for all possible decision thresholds. Any given proper scoring rule is equal to the expected losses with respect to a particular probability distribution over the decision thresholds; thus the choice of a scoring rule corresponds to an assumption about the probability distribution of decision problems for which the predicted probabilities will ultimately be employed, with for example the quadratic loss (or Brier) scoring rule corresponding to a uniform probability of the decision threshold being anywhere between zero and one. The classification accuracy score (percent classified correctly), a single-threshold scoring rule which is zero or one depending on whether the predicted probability is on the appropriate side of 0.5, is a proper scoring rule but not a strictly proper scoring rule because it is optimized (in expectation) not only by predicting the true probability but by predicting any probability on the same side of 0.5 as the true probability.
Comparison of strictly proper scoring rules
Shown below on the left is a graphical comparison of the Logarithmic, Quadratic, and Spherical scoring rules for a binary classification problem. The x-axis indicates the reported probability for the event that actually occurred.
It is important to note that each of the scores have different magnitudes and locations. The magnitude differences are not relevant however as scores remain proper under affine transformation. Therefore, to compare different scores it is necessary to move them to a common scale. A reasonable choice of normalization is shown at the picture on the right where all scores intersect the points (0.5,0) and (1,1). This ensures that they yield 0 for a uniform distribution (two probabilities of 0.5 each), reflecting no cost or reward for reporting what is often the baseline distribution. All normalized scores below also yield 1 when the true class is assigned a probability of 1.
Characteristics
Affine transformation
A strictly proper scoring rule, whether binary or multiclass, after an affine transformation remains a strictly proper scoring rule. That is, if is a strictly proper scoring rule then with is also a strictly proper scoring rule, though if then the optimization sense of the scoring rule switches between maximization and minimization.
Locality
A proper scoring rule is said to be local if its estimate for the probability of a specific event depends only on the probability of that event. This statement is vague in most descriptions but we can, in most cases, think of this as the optimal solution of the scoring problem "at a specific event" is invariant to all changes in the observation distribution that leave the probability of that event unchanged. All binary scores are local because the probability assigned to the event that did not occur is determined so there is no degree of flexibility to vary over.
Affine functions of the logarithmic scoring rule are the only strictly proper local scoring rules on a finite set that is not binary.
Decomposition
The expectation value of a proper scoring rule can be decomposed into the sum of three components, called uncertainty, reliability, and resolution, which characterize different attributes of probabilistic forecasts:
If a score is proper and negatively oriented (such as the Brier Score), all three terms are positive definite.
The uncertainty component is equal to the expected score of the forecast which constantly predicts the average event frequency.
The reliability component penalizes poorly calibrated forecasts, in which the predicted probabilities do not coincide with the event frequencies.
The equations for the individual components depend on the particular scoring rule.
For the Brier Score, they are given by
where is the average probability of occurrence of the binary event , and is the conditional event probability, given , i.e.
Problems
Extreme class imbalance poses a major problem for obtaining good probability estimates.
See also
Coherence
Decision rule
Literature
Strictly Proper Scoring Rules, Prediction, and Estimation. Tilmann Gneiting &Adrian E Raftery Pages 359-378, https://doi.org/10.1198/016214506000001437, pdf
References
External links
Video comparing spherical, quadratic and logarithmic scoring rules
Local Proper Scoring Rules
Scoring Rules and Decision Analysis Education
Strictly Proper Scoring Rules
Scoring Rules and uncertainty
Damage Caused by Classification Accuracy and Other Discontinuous Improper Accuracy Scoring Rules
Decision theory
Probability assessment | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scoring%20rule |
Bride () is one of the seventeen parishes of the Isle of Man.
It is located in the north of the island (part of the traditional North Side division) in the sheading of Ayre.
Local government
For the purposes of local government, the whole of the historic parish forms a single parish district with Commissioners.
The Captain of the Parish (since 1981) is William Daniel Christian.
Politics
Bride parish is part of the Ayre & Michael constituency, which elects two Members to the House of Keys. Before 2016 it was in the Ayre constituency.
Geography
The parish, named after St Brigid, lies to the east of Andreas and to the north of Lezayre, bordering the sea to the north and east. It covers an area of about and contains the village of Bride or Kirk Bride.
Demographics
The Isle of Man census of 2021 returned a parish population of 359, a decrease of 6% from the figure of 382 in 2016 and a decrease of 10% from the figure of 401 in 2011. This means that Bride is easily the lowest-populated administrative area on the island. The parish has the highest proportion of Manx Gaelic speakers on the island (4.49%), according to the 2011 census.
Topography
There is a range of sandhills crossing the parish from west to Point Cranstal (not actually a point) in the east, from which a good view may be obtained of the Manx mountains as well as of the Scottish and Cumbrian mountains (with the Solway Firth in between). Otherwise the parish is flat and low-lying. The Galloway coast is about away. At the Point of Ayre is a lighthouse. On old maps Point Cranstal is named as "Shellag Point" and a hamlet named Cranstal is marked close to it, but this has long since disappeared.
Telegraph cable
The first Isle of Man submarine telegraph cable to the mainland was laid from Cranstal to St Bees on the Cumberland coast in 1859. Due to damage from tidal currents the cable was later moved to Port Cornaa.
References
Manxnotebook Bride. Details about Bride parish.
Manxnotebook Kirk Bride Antiquities
Isle of Man Building Control Districts showing parish boundaries
Isle of Man Census Report 2006
Parishes of the Isle of Man | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bride%20%28parish%29 |
Hawleyite is a rare sulfide mineral in the sphalerite group, dimorphous and easily confused with greenockite. Chemically, it is cadmium sulfide, and occurs as a bright yellow coating on sphalerite or siderite in vugs, deposited by meteoric water.
It was discovered in 1955 in the Hector-Calumet mine, Keno-Galena Hill area, Yukon Territory and named in honour of mineralogist James Edwin Hawley (1897–1965), a professor at Queen's University in Ontario, Canada.
See also
Cadmium
Sulfide mineral
List of minerals
List of minerals named after people
References
Cadmium minerals
Sulfide minerals
Cubic minerals
Minerals in space group 216 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawleyite |
Datsan (, , ; derived from ) is the term used for Buddhist university monasteries in the Tibetan tradition of Gelukpa located throughout Mongolia, Tibet and Siberia. As a rule, in a datsan there are two departments—philosophical and medical. Sometimes a department of tantric practices is added to them where the monks study only after finishing education in the philosophical department.
In pre-revolutionary Russia, datsans traditionally existed only in the Buryat territories, most of those now included in Buryatia and Transbaikalia (a number of datsans there have been reconstructed or newly established since the early 1990s). There was a difference with Tibetan administrative idea: in Tibet, several datsans were education-centered parts of larger organizations, as Drepung, Ganden, and Sera Monastery in Gelukpa tradition. In Russia, datsans were not parts of a larger entity, but rather independent educational and religious centers. In Buryat Buddhism, the terms "Buddhist monastery" and "Datsan" are interchangeable, as other monastery organization forms found in Tibetan Buddhism elsewhere, were not present.
List of datsans in Mongolia
Manba Datsan (also "Mamba Datsan")
List of datsans in Russia
Datsans were officially acknowledged in Imperial Russia in 1741. By statute of 1853 there were two recognized datsans in the Irkutsk government and others in the Zabaykalsky government. The first datsan in Europe was Datsan Gunzechoinei in St. Petersburg.
Before the Communist Revolution in 1917, there were 40 datsans (not counting smaller temples — sume). After the revolution, the number went up to 48, but between 1927 and 1938 all datsans that existed in Buryatia and Transbaikalia were closed or destroyed. The Second World War, that followed shortly after, became another turning point for the Buddhists in Buryatia: despite the suppression by the communist government, the Buryat Buddhist community came together in 1944 and collected financial aids to support the communist state and the Red Army in their struggles against Nazi Germany. The communist government expressed their gratitude for the donations by giving them permission to open a Buddhist datsan in Buryatia. In 1946, the Ivolginsky datsan and the Aginsky datsan resumed operations. The following datsans were not opened until 1991.
Khambyn Khure datsan (Улан-Удэнский Дацан Хамбын Хурэ) in Ulan-Ude
(Ринпоче Багша дацан) in Ulan-Ude
Rinchin Datsan
(Агинский Дацан) in Aginskoye
(Аларский дацан «Даши Чойнхорлинг») in Kutulik
(Атаган-Дырестуйский дацан «Лхундуб Дэчинлинг») in Dyrestuy
(Ацагатский дацан) in Naryn-Atsagat
Atsaysky datsan near Lake Gusinoye
Kurumkansky datsan (Курумканский Дацан) in Kurumkan
(Сартул-Гэгэтуйский дацан) in Gegetuy
Egituysky datsan (Эгитуйский Дацан) in Egituy
(Гусиноозёрский (Тамчинский) дацан) in Gusinoye Ozero
(Загустайский дацан «Дэчин Рабжилинг») in the Selenginsky District
Sanaginsky datsan (Санагинский Дацан) in Sanaga
Ivolginsky datsan (Иволгинский Дацан) in Verkhnyaya Ivolga
(Кижингинский Дацан) in Kizhinga
Baldan Breybun datsan (Дацан Балдан Брэйбун) in Murochi
Tugnuysky datsan (Тугнуйский дацан) in Mukhorshibir
Okinsky datsan (Окинский дацан) in Orlik
Tamchinsky datsan (Тамчинский дацан) in Gusinoye Ozero
Kyrensky datsan (Кыренский дацан) in Kyren
(Хойморский дацан) in Arshan
Ugdansky datsan (Угданский дацан)
Tseezhe-Burgaltaysky datsan (Цээжэ-Бургалтайский дацан)
Ust-Ordynsky datsan (Усть-Ордынский (Абатанатский) дацан) in Ust-Ordynsky
(Анинский дацан) in Ana
Chesansky datsan (Чесанский дацан) in Chesan
(Табангут-Ичётуйский дацан «Дэчен Рабжалин») in the Dzhidinsky District
(Цугольский дацан) in Tsugol
Saint Petersburg Tibetan Temple
Datsan Gunzechoinei (Дацан Гунзэчойнэй) in Saint Petersburg
Wat Phra Dhammakaya Mocow in Moscow
Yakutsky datsan (Якутский дацан; дацан в Якутске) in Yakutsk, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The northernmost Buddhist temple in the world
(Янгажинский дацан «Даши Ширбубулин)
(Читинский Дацан "Дамба Брайбунлинг") in Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai
See also
List of Tibetan monasteries
Buddhism in the Russian Federation
Buddhism in Buryatia
Buddhism in Kalmykia
Khurul, the Kalmyk equivalent of a datsan
References
External links
(List of datsans in Buryatia, Chita and Irkutsk Oblasts)
Official site of the Gunzechoyney datsan
(datsans)
Tibetan Buddhism in Siberia
Buddhist monasteries in Russia
Buddhist education | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datsan |
Paul Coletti (born 1959 in Edinburgh) is a Scottish viola soloist and chamber musician. He has performed throughout the world, making solo appearances at the Sydney Opera House, Queen Elizabeth Hall (London), and Teatro Colón (Buenos Aires, Argentina). He has performed Béla Bartók's Viola Concerto with Yehudi Menuhin conducting and has recorded Robert Schumann's Märchenbilder and Rebecca Clarke's Sonata for Viola, to some acclaim.
Biography
Coletti was born in 1959 in Edinburgh, Scotland, to Italian parents. He began playing viola from the age of eight, while at St Mary's York Lane Primary School, and studied at the Royal Scottish Academy, the International Menuhin Music Academy, and the Juilliard School. He lives in Los Angeles with his wife, violist Gina Warnick, and their two daughters, and teaches viola and chamber music at the Colburn Conservatory.
References
Italian British musicians
Juilliard School alumni
Lionel Tertis International Viola Competition prize-winners
Living people
Scottish people of Italian descent
1959 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Coletti |
Gifts in kind, also referred to as in-kind donations, is a kind of charitable giving in which, instead of giving money to buy needed goods and services, the goods and services themselves are given. Gifts in kind are distinguished from gifts of cash or stock. Some types of gifts in kind are appropriate, but others are not. Examples of in-kind gifts include goods like food, clothing, medicines, furniture, office equipment, and building materials. Performance of services, such as building an orphanage, providing office space or offering administrative support, may also be counted as in-kind gifts.
While many attest to the benefits of in-kind over cash gifts, others have argued for their disadvantages, particularly in the context of disaster relief.
Arguments in favor of gifts in kind
Reduce in waste of materials
Many donated goods are either second hand or otherwise surplus. If not donated to people who need them, they might otherwise end up in a landfill. Thus, it is argued that gifts in kind reduce resource use and pollution. This provides a means, particularly for corporations, of doing social good with things that would otherwise be a liability.
Use in disaster relief
During disasters and other humanitarian crises, companies and individuals often want to help with the disaster relief operations. Some people have argued that giving goods that are already at hand is more cost effective for the donor than giving money to buy these same goods, thus reducing the cost of buying the goods afresh, particularly in the face of shortages.
Long-term development aid
Helping with longer term development in impoverished or otherwise distressed areas is a high priority for governments and large NGOs. It is argued that gifts in kind can be a significant component of a larger humanitarian development strategy.
Lower susceptibility to corruption
It has been argued that donated goods are much less susceptible to becoming graft because physical goods are more tangible than money.
However, the argument may be reversed in the modern context, now that there exist mobile phone-based payment mechanisms such as m-Pesa that have been used successfully for cash transfer programs, making cash transfers less dependent on intermediaries than the shipping of physical goods.
Great impact for small cost
Gifts in kind supply a market efficiency that is difficult to attain by other means. For example, many charities that provide life-saving medications to people in impoverished nations could not afford to buy these drugs using their cash donations or grants alone. Donated drugs help these organizations to work most effectively at a much lower cost.
Access to goods which are not readily available
Some products are simply not available but are still desperately needed. An example is anti-malarial drugs, which are unavailable in many areas of the world where they are most needed, and if they are available, the people who need them are not in a position to purchase them. They are not manufactured locally and the costs of setting up local manufacturing facilities would be prohibitive, given the regulations surrounding pharmaceuticals. There is a high likelihood of locally available drugs being counterfeit, with often fatal consequences.
Corporate social responsibility
As more and more companies continue to acknowledge their corporate social responsibility, they are also recognizing the benefits of participating in gifts in kind programs. In The Business Case for Product Philanthropy, a 63-page report published by the Indiana University School of Public and Environmental Affairs, authors Justin M. Ross and Kellie L. McGiverin-Bohan argue that businesses can do well by doing good through product philanthropy, as well as explore the advantages of donating goods over the liquidation and/or destruction of goods. In addition, with cash donations on the decrease over the past several years, offering donations of goods and services is a way for corporations to continue pursuing their philanthropic goals.
Arguments against gifts in kind
Matching of donation to recipient needs
One of the chief criticisms of gifts in kind, particularly in the context of disaster relief but also in other contexts, is that the things that people are likely to gift may be poorly matched to the immediate needs of recipients, but rather be influenced by what donors happen to want to dispose of. Some of the possibilities are:
The donated items may not be needed by the recipients at all.
The donated items may be needed by the recipients but are available locally and the cost of shipping the items from a remote location is far more than the cost of obtaining them locally. In the context of disaster relief, a large influx of donated goods may clog the ports making it difficult for needed emergency supplies to reach their recipients.
The donated items may be needed somewhat by the recipients, but it may be more beneficial if the items were sold to the highest payer and the money thus collected be used to meet other needs of the intended recipients.
Empowerment of recipients
In addition to the argument that gifts in kind often do not meet the needs of recipients, it has also been argued that gifts in kind fail to empower the recipients because the recipients don't have as much flexibility on how to spend the gifts as they would with gifts of cash or of public goods that they actively solicit. Relatedly, it has been argued that sending gifts in kind without checking on what the recipients may actually need may be disrespectful to the recipients, and in some cases self-centered and narcissistic, being focused on the needs of the donor rather than the recipient.
Impact on local economies
Some critics of gifts in kind argue that, like dumping, these have an artificial adverse impact on local industries producing similar goods.
Response to criticism
Improved communication between recipients and donors
Some of the downsides of gifts in kind may be mitigated by allowing recipients to communicate their needs to donors, thus helping donors and recipients match up. This has been made possible with the advent of the Internet as it is now possible to create an online marketplace for in-kind donations. Gifts in Kind International operates a network called Good360 that aims to do exactly this. Occupy Sandy volunteers use a sort of gift registry for this purpose; families and businesses impacted by the storm make specific requests, which remote donors can purchase directly via a web site.
The majority of online giving marketplaces, including GlobalGiving and DonorsChoose, however, are focused on cash donations, though the nonprofits seeking these donations usually specify what types of things they intend to buy with a given donation quantity.
Standards for gifts in kind
Global Hand has published a series of standards for gifts in kind. The principles include:
Need driven: Driven by a genuine and thorough understanding of the needs of the recipients.
Quality controlled: Goods are carefully chosen, of appropriate quality, and in consultation with the recipient.
Determined by informed choices.
Avoiding aid dependency.
and many more.
The Tales from the Hood blog has argued that there are two preconditions for successful gifts in kind.:
Gifts in kind should not drive the design of the charity program or aid program. Rather, the program should be evaluated based on the evidence and the appropriate gifts should be determined based on that evidence.
Gifts in kind should not be used to substitute for other needed items if they do not fit the requirements well.
Charity stores
Unlike a disaster relief scenario, the needs of a charity shop are long-term and more flexible; any item that can be sold at a price higher than the cost of warehousing it could be worthwhile. Large non-profits, such as Goodwill Industries, are also able to make use of items that cannot be sold in their thrift stores, for example by bundling them and selling them as bulk material or scrap. These stores refuse donations that cost money to dispose of safely if unwanted, such as e-waste.
See also
Corporate social responsibility
Gifts In Kind International
Cash transfer
Literature
Janet Currie and Firouz Gahvari: Transfers in Cash and In-Kind: Theory Meets the Data, Journal of Economic Literature, 2008, 46(2): 333-383.
References
Giving
Private aid programs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gifts%20in%20kind |
Christian Veterinary Mission is a missionary sending organization founded by Leroy Dorminy in 1979 and based in Seattle, Washington.
As stated on their website, "Christian Veterinary Mission seeks to help veterinarians serve others and live out their Christian faith through their profession. We seek to change lives and communities by improving the care of livestock and other animals."
There are many different aspects to the organization's ministry, each supporting its purpose in a different way. Its primary activities involve sending and supporting veterinary missionaries both overseas and within the United States. These missionaries participate in various ministries depending on their location and personal gifts, including: livestock development, evangelism, ethno-veterinary medicine, church planting, and capacity building of local communities. Missionaries may participate in both long term or short term opportunities and Christian Veterinary Mission currently supports 36 veterinarians in long-term missions in 17 different countries.
Other Christian Veterinary Mission ministries include professional outreach and student outreach. The mission supports a Christian Veterinary fellowship student chapter at each of the 28 veterinary colleges in the United States.
Effective June 30, 2021, CVM separated from CRISTA Ministries to become an independent non-profit organization.
References
External links
Religious charities based in the United States
Veterinary organizations
Veterinary medicine in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20Veterinary%20Mission |
Andreas ( or ; ) is one of the seventeen parishes of the Isle of Man. It is located in the north of the island (part of the traditional North Side division) in the sheading of Ayre. The main settlement in the parish in the village of Andreas, which is also known as Kirk Andreas.
History
There are several ancient monuments and sites located in the parish of Andreas. Ballavarry Burial Mound is a Bronze Age burial mound found a short distance outside of the village of Andreas.
Knock y Doonee is a significant historical and archaeological site in Andreas. Archaeological excavations on the area have uncovered a bilingual ogham stone in Latin and Ogham; a Christian keeill (a small chapel); a Christian carved stone cross; and a Viking Age boat burial.
Several carved stone crosses and slabs have been discovered in Andreas. Although many of the crosses are extant only as fragments and are located in the Manx Museum, Thorwald's Cross for example can be viewed at St Andrew's Church.
Several early Christian Manx keeills have been recorded throughout the parish although most have been destroyed when their remaining stones were removed for the construction of other buildings during the 19th century.
Knock y Doonee keeill.
Keeill Tushtag.
Ballagonnell Keeill.
Ardonan keeill.
Geography
Andreas borders Jurby to the west, Bride to the east and Lezayre to the south. The Irish Sea is to the north.
The parish is low-lying. The most significant inland water feature is the Lhen Trench, which runs for about 7 km north–south, in parallel with the boundary with Jurby. To the north the Scottish Southern Uplands and the Mull of Galloway can sometimes clearly be seen. The total area is about .
The village of Andreas or Kirk Andreas is the only significant settlement in the parish. The nearest town, Ramsey, is 4 miles or 6 km away.
Local government
For the purposes of local government, the whole of the historic parish forms a single parish district with Commissioners.
The Captain of the Parish (since 2003) is Dorothy Sayle.
Politics
Andreas parish is part of the Ayre & Michael constituency, which elects two Members to the House of Keys. Before 2016 it was in the Ayre constituency.
Demographics
The Isle of Man census of 2016 returned a parish population of 1,397, a decrease of 2.1% from the figure of 1,426 in 2011.
Landmarks
Churches
St Andrew's Church in Andreas village was built in 1802 using stone from Sulby Glen as there was no local stone quarries. Although a large 120 ft bell tower was added in 1860, it was dismantled in 1945 to improve the safety of nearby RAF Andreas. The bell tower has never been restored to its original height.
St Jude's Church is also located in the hamlet of St Jude's, was built in 1839.
Andreas Airfield
Near the middle of the parish is the former RAF Andreas airfield which operated between 1941 and 1946. It is home to a small number of privately owned light aircraft and also used by a gliding club.
Cronk y Bing Nature Reserve
Cronk y Bing is the site of a nature reserve in Andreas which extends all the way to the north tip of the Isle of Man at the Point of Ayre. It consists of heathland and extensive sand dunes. Plants such as marram grass, pyramidal orchid, and sea bindweed dominate the area.
References
External links
Manxnotebook Andreas Detail about Manx parishes and description of the parish.
Manxnotebook - Andreas with full description of the parish and photographs
Manxnotebook Kirk Andreas Antiquities
Isle of Man Building Control Districts showing parish boundaries
Glenology - Manx Glens An ongoing study of Manx glens, their locations and meanings.
Parishes of the Isle of Man | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas%20%28parish%29 |
The following are the football (soccer) events of the year 2003 throughout the world.
Events
Confederations Cup: Host nation France wins a tournament marred by tragedy (see Deaths.)
UEFA Champions League: AC Milan wins 3–2 on penalties over Juventus, after a 0–0 draw at Old Trafford. This was AC Milan's 6th European Cup.
UEFA Cup: FC Porto wins 3–2 in the final against Celtic, after extra time, with a silver goal by Derlei. This is Porto's first UEFA Cup title.
European Super Cup: AC Milan beats FC Porto 1–0, winning the cup for the 4th time.
Copa Libertadores: Boca Juniors of Argentina won the cup for the fifth time against Santos of Brazil in a 5–1 aggregate.
Recopa Sudamericana: Olimpia of Paraguay won 2–0 in the final against San Lorenzo of Argentina.
FA Cup: Arsenal win 1–0 over Southampton
FA Premier league – Manchester United wins the Premier League by 5 points over Arsenal.
Women's World Cup: Germany wins the final against Sweden 2–1 after extra time.
22 January – Dutch club Sparta Rotterdam fires manager Dolf Roks, who is replaced on 7 February by former player Chris Dekker.
28 January – Head coach Robert Maaskant leaves Go Ahead Eagles and returns to RBC Roosendaal.
7 March – Mexican club Guadalajara appoints Hans Westerhof as their new technical director.
26 March – Manager Mike Snoei is fired by Dutch club Vitesse Arnhem to Ajax, and replaced by former player Edward Sturing.
17 June – Manchester United sells English football star David Beckham to Real Madrid for €35 million.
28 June – Italy's Piedmont wins the third UEFA Regions' Cup, beating France's Maine 2–1 in Heidenheim an der Brenz.
8 August – Satellite TV's Rupert Murdoch British Sky Broadcasting pay €510 million for transmission of FA Premier League seasons 2004–2007.
10 August – PSV wins the Johan Cruijff Schaal, the annual opening of the new season in the Eredivisie, by a 3–1 win over Utrecht in the Amsterdam ArenA.
25 September – Dutch club Zwolle sacks manager Peter Boeve.
1 October – Technical director Hans Westerhof is named head coach of Mexican club Guadalajara.
20 November – Manager Rinus Israël leaves ADO Den Haag and moves to Al Wahda in the United Arab Emirates. Lex Schoenmaker is his successor in The Hague.
28 November – In an Asian Cup qualifier between Iran and Lebanon, Ali Daei scores his 85th goal for the Iranian national team, breaking the record of Hungarian legend Ferenc Puskás.
14 December – Boca Juniors wins the Intercontinental Cup in Tokyo, Japan for the third time, by defeating Italy's AC Milan on penalties (3–1), after a 1–1 draw at the end of extra-time.
Winners national club championship
Africa
– USM Alger
– Cottonsport Garoua
– ASEC Mimosas
– Zamalek
– Al-Ittihad
– Stade Malien
– Hassania Agadir
– Enyimba
– Espéance
Asia
– Sun Hei
– Sepahan
– Yokohama F. Marinos
– Al-Sadd
– Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma
– BEC Tero Sasana
Europe
– Dinamo Zagreb
– Copenhagen
– Manchester United
– Lyon
– Bayern Munich
– KR
: Shelbourne
– Juventus
Eredivisie – PSV
Eerste Divisie – Den Haag
– Porto
– CSKA Moscow
– Partizan
– Real Madrid
Allsvenskan – Djurgården
Svenska Cupen – Elfsborg
– Beşiktaş
North and Central America
– Brampton Hitmen (CPSL)
Clausura – Monterrey
Apertura – Pachuca
– San Jose Earthquakes (MLS)
South America
Argentina
2002–03 Clausura – River Plate
2003–04 Apertura – Boca Juniors
Bolivia – Bolívar
Torneo Apertura – The Strongest
Torneo Clausura – The Strongest
Brazil – Cruzeiro
Colombia – Once Caldas
Ecuador – LDU Quito
Paraguay – Club Libertad
Uruguay – Peñarol
Club Alianza Lima
International tournaments
UNCAF Nations Cup in Panama (9–23 February 2003)
Baltic Cup in Estonia (3–5 July 2003)
Pan American Games in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (2–15 August 2003)
Men's Tournament
Women's Tournament
Brazil
Canada
Mexico
FIFA U-20 World Cup in United Arab Emirates (27 November – 19 December 2003)
FIFA U-17 World Championship in Finland (13–30 August 2003)
Afro–Asian Games in Hyderabad, India (22–31 October 2003)
National team results
Europe
South America
Births
9 January – Ricardo Pepi, US international
18 January – Devyne Rensch, Dutch international
19 January – Ilaix Moriba, Guinean international
21 January – Hannibal Mejbri, Tunisian international
23 March – Ísak Bergmann Jóhannesson, Icelandic international
4 April – Harvey Elliott, English footballer
12 April – Simon Ngapandouetnbu, Cameroonian footballer
19 April – Rareș Ilie, Romanian youth international
21 April – Xavi Simons, Dutch footballer
27 April – Zidane Iqbal, Iraqi international
1 May – Charlie Savage, Welsh international
2 May – Marcos Leonardo, Brazilian youth international
4 May – Florian Wirtz, German international
7 May – Kevin Paredes, US youth international
31 May – Benjamin Šeško, Slovenian youth international
2 June – Yusuf Demir, Austrian-Turkish footballer
28 June – Brandon Aguilera, Costa Rican international
29 June – Jude Bellingham, English international
12 August – Martín Luciano, Argentine club footballer
28 October – Antonio Miuțescu, Romanian professional footballer
7 November – Milos Kerkez, Hungarian international
Deaths
January
10 January – Julinho (73), Brazilian footballer
February
26 February – Antoni Torres (59), Spanish footballer and manager
28 February – Albert Batteux (83), French footballer
April
17 April – Jean-Pierre Dogliani (60), French footballer
24 April – Gino Orlando (73), Brazilian forward, 9 times capped for the Brazil national football team.
May
10 May – Pepillo (69), Spanish footballer
June
26 June – Marc-Vivien Foé (28), Cameroonian footballer
July
31 July – John Aston, Sr., English defender, England squad member at the 1950 FIFA World Cup. (81)
31 July – Bigode, Brazilian defender, runner-up at the 1950 FIFA World Cup. (81)
August
1 August – Guy Thys (80), Belgian footballer and manager
8 August – Jimmy Davis (21), English footballer
13 August – Lothar Emmerich (61), German footballer
14 August – Helmut Rahn (73), German footballer
31 August – Pierre Cahuzac (76), French footballer
October
1 October – Cheung Yiu Lun (25), Hong Kong footballer
November
21 November – Emil Pažický (76), Slovak footballer
References
Association football by year | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20in%20association%20football |
Peculiar Chris is a novel which deals with gay themes by Johann S. Lee, published in Singapore by Cannon International in 1992.
Lee wrote the book, his first novel, while doing his National Service in Singapore at the age of 19. It was published a year later. The book recounts the coming of age, and coming out, of Chris through his experience with the deaths of his father and his lover Samuel, the latter from AIDS. Chris meets his first lover, Kenneth, in Singapore, where Kenneth has traveled from Indonesia to study; he meets his second lover, Jack, in Sydney after he travels to Australia to come out, and leaves for London, the birthplace of Maurice, after Samuel's death. It is also noteworthy for documenting how the military bureaucracy reacts when a soldier comes out in Singapore.
The book was translated into Italian in 1997, under the shortened title of 'Chris'.
Singaporean playwright Alfian Sa'at adapted the novel into the play Happy Endings: Asian Boys Vol. 3. It was staged by W!LD RICE, a Singapore theatre company, from 11 to 29 July 2007.
It was reprinted in 2008.
References
Novels with gay themes
Singaporean novels
1992 novels
LGBT culture in Singapore
Novels set in Singapore
1990s LGBT novels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peculiar%20Chris |
Mallwyd () is a small village at the most southern end of Gwynedd, Wales in the Dinas Mawddwy community, in the valley of the River Dyfi. It lies on the A470 approximately halfway between Dolgellau and Machynlleth, and forms the junction of the A458 towards Welshpool. The nearest villages are Dinas Mawddwy, two miles to the north, and Aberangell a similar distance to the south. The River Dugoed flows into the River Dyfi near the village.
History
The village is situated near the boundary between the historic counties of Merionethshire and Montgomeryshire. The village is situated in the parish of Mallwyd in the district of Mawddwy. This was the region of the Red Bandits of Mawddwy, which is remembered in the village pub, The Brigands.
Railway
In 1867, the Mawddwy Railway was opened, connecting Dinas Mawddwy with Cemmaes Road. A small station was provided to serve Mallwyd, though it was nearly a mile from the village. Passenger services on the railway were withdrawn in 1931, and the railway closed and was lifted in 1952.
The Church
According to tradition, Mallwyd church was founded in the 6th century by Saint Tydecho after he came to the area from Cornwall. The present building dates from the 14th century and is unusual in form, being long and narrow with a balcony at each end. There are many wooden fixtures dating from the 17th century. The scholar John Davies was rector of Mallwyd for 40 years at the beginning of the 17th century. There is a memorial to him in the church which was put up to commemorate the 200th anniversary of his death. Outside the church are several great yew trees.
The timber bell tower of the church is inscribed: SOLI DEO SACRUM ANNI CHRISTI MDCXL. It formerly also read VENITE CANTEM[us domino] A.D.1640 HONOR DEO IN EXCELSIS. The portals of the church, found between the church and the river, are decorated with fossil mammal bones. The black marble, octagonal font, dated below the bowl 1734, was a gift of Sir John Mytton of Dinas Mawddwy
Notable people
John Davies (ca.1567–1644), scholar, Rector of Mallwyd 1604-44
Robert Foulkes (ca.1633 Mallwyd–1679), clergyman and murderer.
John Rice Jones (1759 Mallwyd–1824), American jurist and politician
Rowland Williams (177 Mallwyd–1854), Welsh Anglican priest and writer
Robert Vaughn (1836–1918), Montana Rancher
References
External links
www.geograph.co.uk : photos of Mallwyd and surrounding area
Villages in Gwynedd
Villages in Snowdonia
Mawddwy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallwyd |
Real3D, Inc. was a maker of arcade graphics boards, a spin-off from Lockheed Martin. The company made several 3D hardware designs that were used by Sega, the most widely used being the graphics hardware in the Sega Model 2 and Model 3 arcade systems. A partnership with Intel and SGI led to the Intel740 graphics card, which was not successful in the market. Rapid changes in the marketplace led to the company being sold to Intel in 1999.
History
The majority of Real3D was formed by research and engineering divisions originally part of GE Aerospace. Their experience traces its way back to the Project Apollo Visual Docking Simulator, the first full-color 3D computer generated image system. GE sold similar systems of increasing complexity through the 1970s, but were never as large as other companies in the simulator space, like Singer Corporation or CAE.
When "neutron" Jack Welch took over General Electric in 1981 he demanded that every division in the company be 1st or 2nd in its industry, or face being sold off. GE Aerospace lasted longer than many other divisions, but was eventually sold off to Martin Marietta in 1992. In 1995, Martin Marietta and Lockheed merged to form Lockheed Martin Corporation, the world’s largest defense contractor.
Following the merger, Lockheed Martin decided to market their graphics technology for civilian use. In January 1995 they set up Real3D and formed a relationship with Sega. This led to the company's most successful product run, designing the 3D hardware using in over 200,000 Sega Model2 and Model3 arcade systems, two of the most popular systems in history.
The company also formed a partnership with Intel and Chips and Technologies to introduce similar technology as an add-in card for PC's, a project known as "Auburn". This project became a showcase for the Accelerated Graphics Port system being introduced by Intel, which led to several design decisions that hampered the resulting products. Released in 1998 as the Intel740, the system lasted less than a year in the market before being sold off under the StarFighter and Lightspeed brandnames.
By 1999 both relationships were ending, and Lockheed Martin was focussing on its military assets. On 1 October 1999 the company closed, and its assets were sold to Intel on the 14th. ATI hired many of the remaining employees for a new Orlando office. 3dfx Interactive had sued Real3D on a patent basis, and Intel's purchase moved the lawsuits to the new owner. Intel settled the issue by selling all of the intellectual property back to 3dFX.
By this point, nVidia had acquired all of SGI's graphics development resources, which included a 10% share in Real3D. This led to series of lawsuits, joined by ATI. The two companies were involved in lawsuits over Real3D's patents until a 2001 cross-licensing settlement.
References
External links
Book: Funding a Revolution
Wave-Report.com
GameAI
American companies established in 1995
American companies disestablished in 1999
Computer companies established in 1995
Computer companies disestablished in 1999
Defunct computer companies of the United States
Defunct computer hardware companies
Former Lockheed Martin companies
Graphics hardware companies
Intel acquisitions
Intel graphics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real3D |
The Tripartite Alliance is an alliance between the African National Congress (ANC), the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and the South African Communist Party (SACP). The ANC holds a majority in the South African parliament, while the SACP and COSATU have not contested any democratic election in South Africa.
The Alliance was forged in 1990 after the release of Nelson Mandela. The movements were opposed to white minority rule by the apartheid government. The Tripartite Alliance is also known as the Revolutionary Alliance or just the Alliance.
Constituent parties
The NPF is currently composed of the following political parties:
See also
Congress Alliance
References
External links
The ANC now at a fork in the road
How the Tripartite Alliance works
COSATU and the Tripartite Alliance since 1994
The ideological differences within the Tripartite Alliance: What now for the left?
Statement of the Alliance Political Council
Politics of South Africa
Popular fronts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripartite%20Alliance |
Llanbrynmair or Llanbryn-mair () is a village, community and electoral ward in Montgomeryshire, Powys, on the A470 road between Caersws and Machynlleth. Llanbrynmair, in area, is the second largest in Powys. In 2011, it had a population of 920.
Description
The community includes several hamlets: Talerddig, Dolfach, Bont-Dolgadfan, Pandy, Cringoed, Dylife and Pennant. The original centre is at Llan, on the road to Llanidloes, where the local parish church of St Mary is located. The current centre (formerly called "Wynnstay") at the junction of the A470 and B4518 rose to local prominence with the building of the new turnpike road in 1821 and the arrival of the railway line between Newtown and Machynlleth in 1861.
Geographically, the community includes the valleys of three rivers – Afon Twymyn, Afon Iaen and Afon Rhiw Saeson – and the surrounding uplands. The three rivers join around the main village and flow westwards as the Afon Twymyn towards the Afon Dyfi and Cardigan Bay.
The Cambrian railway line, built in the 1860s, runs through Llanbrynmair and for a time provided an outlet for the mines at Dylife, 8 miles south. The village station closed in 1965 as part of the "Beeching closures". There was a level crossing next to the station but, following the accidental death of an American visitor in October 1999 and its description as a "blackspot", the crossing was closed and the road diverted.
The area is predominantly Welsh-speaking and reliant upon livestock farming. It was fortunate to escape the foot and mouth disease outbreak in Britain in 2001.
History
Much of the area was part of the large Wynnstay Estate owned for generations by the families of Sir Watcyn Williams Wynne. The connection is noted in the "Wynnstay Arms", a prominent local public house.
The parish of Llanbrynmair played prominent roles in both the "Nonconformist Revolution" of the late 18th Century and the emigration to America during the 19th and early 20th centuries. This cultural revolution was the movement of Welsh religious independents to break from the established Church of England. The parish is reputed to have been the source of the most emigrants, per capita, to America of any in Wales. The first of them departed Llanbrynmair in 1796. A large proportion of these emigrants settled in western Ohio, particularly in the rural farming communities of Paddy's Run (now Shandon), Gomer and Venedocia. The two most prominent emigrants were Edward Bebb and Ezekiel Hughes, who settled in Butler County, Ohio near Paddy's Run. Edward Bebb's son, William, became governor of the State of Ohio. Josiah Jones, hymnologist under the pen name Josiah Brynmair, emigrated to and is buried in Gomer, Ohio.
Governance
Llanbrynmair has a community council representing the interests of the community. Ten councillors are on the council, with six representing the Wynnstay community ward and four from the Bontdolgadfan ward.
Llanbrynmair also forms a ward for Powys County Council and elects one county councillor
Notable people and former residents
John Breese (1789-1842) Independent Minister.
Aled Wyn Davies (born 1974), a classical tenor singer.
Richard Davies (Mynyddog) (1833–1877), poet.
Julines Herring (1582–1644/5), a Puritan clergyman, a staunch proponent of Presbyterianism
Richard P. Howell (1831-1899), American politician, carpenter, and businessman.
Iorwerth Peate (1901–1982), founder of St Fagans National Museum of History
Abraham Rees (1743–1825), compiler of Rees's Cyclopædia.
Samuel Roberts (1800–1885), political & economic writer.
Eirug Wyn (1950–2004), satirical novelist.
References
Further reading
External links
Llanbrynmair Community Council
Llanbrynamir Community Site
Teachers Llanbrynmair School 1898
Communities in Powys
Villages in Powys
Wards of Powys | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanbrynmair |
Sir Frederick Hayday, CBE (26 June 1912 – 26 February 1990) was a British trade unionist who served on many public bodies.
The son of Arthur Hayday, trade unionist and Labour Member of Parliament, Frederick Hayday was born in Nottingham. He joined the Labour Party at 16 years old.
He was elected District Organiser of his father's union, the National Union of General and Municipal Workers, dealing with gas, iron ore, gypsum mining, road haulage, brick making, and public services and as a member of Regional and National Joint Industrial Councils for many industries, serving in some instances as secretary to the JIC.
During World War II, Hayday was appointed by the Lord Chancellor to the North Midlands Aliens Tribunal and served as a member of Labour Supply Committee for the Chemical Industry, and on many wartime panels dealing with labour problems, military hardships’ committee, etc.
Soon after the war he was appointed by the Minister of Works to serve as member of the Brick Amenities Committee to investigate conditions in the brick industry and made visits to many brickworks in the UK and in Belgium and the Netherlands.
In December 1946, Hayday was appointed Industrial Officer of National Union of General and Municipal Workers and in 1950 he was elected to the Trades Union Congress General Council.
In October 1960 he was appointed as a member of the Constitutional Commission for Malta in place of Sir Alfred Roberts who had been taken ill.
He was also a member of Nuclear Safety Advisory Committee and of the Radioactive Substances Advisory Committee. He led a team of European trade unionists to the United States to study radiation problems.
In September 1962, Hayday became Chairman of the TUC General Council.
In December 1962 he was appointed as a part-time member of the British Railways Board.
In January 1965 he became a member of Energy Advisory Council and in May 1965 a member of the Gas Advisory Council.
In 1966 he visited South Africa on a fact-finding mission for the TUC and in 1967 and 1968 he visited the Middle East (both Israel and Arab countries) to investigate the trade union situation following the Six-Day War.
In June 1963, Hayday was awarded the CBE for work as the National Industrial Officer of the National Union of General and Municipal Workers and as Chairman General Council of the Trades Union Congress.
In January 1968 he was knighted in the New Year Honours.
References
1912 births
1990 deaths
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Knights Bachelor
Members of the General Council of the Trades Union Congress
Presidents of the Trades Union Congress
People from Nottingham
British Rail people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick%20Hayday |
The Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory (HartRAO) is a radio astronomy observatory, located in a natural bowl of hills at Hartebeesthoek just south of the Magaliesberg mountain range, and about 50 km west of Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa. It is a National Research Facility run by South Africa's National Research Foundation. HartRAO was the only major radio astronomy observatory in Africa until the construction of the KAT-7 test bed for the future MeerKAT array in the Meerkat National Park.
History
The observatory was originally named Deep Space Station 51 (DSS 51) and was built in 1961 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). In this role the station assisted in tracking many unmanned United States space missions, including the Ranger, Surveyor and Lunar Orbiter spacecraft (which landed on the Moon or mapped it from orbit), the Mariner missions (which explored the planets Venus and Mars) and the Pioneer missions (which measured the Sun's winds).
The first Mars surface images from Mariner 4 were received at DSS 51.
NASA withdrew from the station in 1975, handing it over to South Africa's Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), who converted it to a radio astronomy observatory. In 1988 the observatory became a National Facility operated by the Foundation for Research Development (FRD); in 1999 the FRD was restructured as the National Research Foundation (NRF).
, NASA continues to contract for launch tracking services on an as-needed basis, and did so for the launch of the Mars Science Laboratory on 26 November 2011.
The Radio Telescope
The observatory is equipped with a single 260 ton radio telescope with a main reflecting surface diameter of 26 metres. The telescope is equipped with radio receivers operating in the microwave band at wavelengths of 18 cm, 13 cm, 6 cm, 4.5 cm, 3.5 cm, 2.5 cm and 1.3 cm.
Research
HartRAO is used for continuum radiometry, spectroscopy, pulsar timing and interferometry. It works together with radio telescopes in other continents as well as the orbiting radio telescopes HALCA (VSOP project) and Spektr-R (RadioAstron) in order to perform Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations.
HartRAO is an associate member of the European VLBI Network, but also operates with the Australia Telescope Long Baseline Array, the Asia-Pacific Telescope, the United States Very Long Baseline Array and the Global Array.
HartRAO also runs a Space Geodesy programme using VLBI, Satellite laser ranging and the Global Positioning System. Development work of a Lunar Laser Ranger (LLR) has commenced, based on a 1 m optical telescope. The LLR system will use a 100 mJ, 20 Hz, 80 ps pulse length laser to range to corner cube reflector arrays on the Moon.
The observatory also provides students and lecturers from South African universities the facilities and opportunities to perform research.
Involvement with the Karoo Array Telescope Project
The XDM, a prototype dish for the MeerKAT radio telescope, was constructed at HartRAO. The XDM dish design was first used in KAT-7, a seven-dish engineering testbed and science instrument in the Meerkat National Park in Carnarvon, Northern Cape. KAT-7, completed in 2012, marked the first stage of MeerKAT development.
Gallery
See also
National Research Foundation of South Africa
South African Astronomical Observatory
Deep Space Network
References
External links
Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory Website
SKA (Square Kilometre Array) Website
Astronomical observatories in South Africa
Radio telescopes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartebeesthoek%20Radio%20Astronomy%20Observatory |
Commins Coch is a small village on the A470 in the county of Powys in Wales. It is part of the Glantwymyn community.
Commins Coch is notable for the narrow bridge set at right angles that crosses the Afon Twymyn. The size and angle of the bridge restricts all traffic to crossing one vehicle at a time and it can be a serious problem for articulated lorries to cross.
Commins Coch is also the site of one of the 1970s holiday cottages allegedly burnt down by Meibion Glyndŵr during its campaign against English incomers. The cottage, now restored, can be seen on the right when leaving the village travelling East.
Previously served by Commins Coch Halt railway station on the Cambrian Line.
External links
Photos of Commins Coch and surrounding area on geograph.org.uk
Villages in Powys | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commins%20Coch |
Edward Bentall may refer to:
Edward Bentall, chairman of Bentalls department store
Edward Bentall (footballer) (1923–1947), English footballer
Edward Hammond Bentall (1814–1898), English manufacturer and politician | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Bentall |
Magodro Open is a former electoral division of Fiji, one of 25 open constituencies that were elected by universal suffrage (the remaining 46 seats, called communal constituencies, were allocated by ethnicity). Established by the 1997 Constitution, it came into being in 1999 and was used for the parliamentary elections of 1999, 2001, and 2006. It was located in Ba Province, in the west of the main island of Viti Levu.
The 2013 Constitution promulgated by the Military-backed interim government abolished all constituencies and established a form of proportional representation, with the entire country voting as a single electorate.
Election results
In the following tables, the primary vote refers to first-preference votes cast. The final vote refers to the final tally after votes for low-polling candidates have been progressively redistributed to other candidates according to pre-arranged electoral agreements (see electoral fusion), which may be customized by the voters (see instant run-off voting).
In the 2001 election, Gyan Singh won with more than 50 percent of the primary vote; therefore, there was no redistribution of preferences.
1999
2001
2006
Sources
Psephos - Adam Carr's electoral archive
Fiji Facts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magodro%20%28Open%20Constituency%2C%20Fiji%29 |
Sassolite is a borate mineral, specifically the mineral form of boric acid. It is usually white to gray, and colourless in transmitted light. It can also take on a yellow colour from sulfur impurities, or brown from iron oxides.
History and occurrence
Its mineral form was first described in 1800, and was named after Sasso Pisano, Castelnuovo Val di Cecina, Pisa Province, Tuscany, Italy where it was found. The mineral may be found in lagoons throughout Tuscany and Sasso. It is also found in the Lipari Islands and the US state of Nevada. It occurs in volcanic fumaroles and hot springs, deposited from steam, as well as in bedded sedimentary evaporite deposits.
See also
List of minerals
Borax
References
External links
Borate minerals
Triclinic minerals
Luminescent minerals
Minerals in space group 2 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sassolite |
Thomas Gordon Bezucha (; born March 8, 1964) is an American filmmaker.
Life and career
Bezucha was born and raised in Amherst, Massachusetts, and graduated from Amherst Regional High School in 1982.
Bezucha graduated in fashion design from the Parsons School of Design, and worked as a creative services executive for Polo Ralph Lauren and Coach.
He wrote and directed the films Big Eden (2000), The Family Stone (2005), Monte Carlo (2011), and Let Him Go (2020). He also co-wrote the films The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society (2018) and The Good House (2021).
Bezucha is openly gay.
Filmography
References
External links
1964 births
Living people
21st-century American male writers
21st-century American screenwriters
American film directors
American gay writers
American male screenwriters
American film producers
English-language film directors
Film directors from Massachusetts
Film producers from Massachusetts
American LGBT film directors
American LGBT screenwriters
Parsons School of Design alumni
Screenwriters from Massachusetts
Writers from Amherst, Massachusetts
Amherst Regional High School (Massachusetts) alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Bezucha |
The Battle of Białystok–Minsk was a German strategic operation conducted by the Wehrmacht's Army Group Centre under Field Marshal Fedor von Bock during the penetration of the Soviet border region in the opening stage of Operation Barbarossa, lasting from 22 June to 9 July 1941.
The Army Group's 2nd Panzer Group under Colonel General Heinz Guderian and the 3rd Panzer Group under Colonel General Hermann Hoth decimated the Soviet frontier defenses, defeated all Soviet counter-attacks and encircled four Soviet Armies of the Red Army's Western Front near Białystok and Minsk by 30 June. The majority of the Western Front was enclosed within, and the pockets were liquidated by 9 July. The Red Army lost 420,000 men against Wehrmacht casualties of over 12,157.
The Germans destroyed the Soviet Western Front in 18 days and advanced 460 kilometers into the Soviet Union, causing many to believe that the Germans had effectively won the war against the Soviet Union.
Prelude
Commanded by Field Marshal Fedor von Bock, Army Group Centre was tasked with attacking from Poland through the Białystok – Minsk – Smolensk axis towards Moscow. The Army Group included the 9th and 4th Armies. Its armored forces were Hoth's 3rd Panzer Group and Guderian's 2nd Panzer Group. The two infantry Armies fielded 33 divisions and the Panzer Armies fielded nine Panzer divisions, six motorized divisions and a cavalry division. Army Group Center could call upon Luftflotte 2 for air support.
Facing Army Group Center was the Red Army's Western Front commanded by General of the Army Dmitry Pavlov. It included the 3rd, 4th, and 10th Armies along the frontier. The 13th Army was held as part of the Stavka High Command Reserve and initially existed as a headquarters unit only, with no assigned forces. All together, the Soviet Western Front had 25 rifle and cavalry divisions, 13 tank and 7 motorized divisions.
The Red Army disposition in Belarus was based on the idea of avoiding a war of attrition by engaging in an aggressive counterattack to any invasion and carrying the war into German-occupied Poland. The plan suffered from weakness along the flanks, created by circumstances such as the line of demarcation placement following the division of Poland in 1939. The forward placement of both German and Soviet forces in a double-bulge position enabled both sides to try the double envelopment. However, it was the OKH that undertook it successfully thanks to preempting hostilities, destroying much of the Red Air Force in the airfields while simultaneously severing most of the Soviet Western Front's land forces from lines of communication with other Soviet fronts. They fell to a double envelopment, centred on Białystok and Novogrudok. The engagement was later known as the "Battle of Białystok–Minsk", but that is actually a slight misnomer.
Formations
Soviet
Western Front – Commander Army General Dmitry Pavlov, Chief of Staff General Vladimir Klimovskikh, Operations Officer General Ivan Boldin
3rd Army – Vasily Kuznetsov
4th Rifle Corps
11th Mechanized Corps
4th Army – Lieutenant General Aleksandr Korobkov
28th Rifle Corps
14th Mechanized Corps
10th Army – Konstantin Golubev
1st Rifle Corps
5th Rifle Corps
6th Cavalry Corps
6th Mechanized Corps
13th Mechanized Corps
Second echelon (pending formation)
13th Army – Lieutenant General Pyotr Filatov
17th Mechanized Corps
20th Mechanized Corps
4th Airborne Corps
German
Army Group Centre () – Commander Generalfeldmarschall Fedor von Bock
3rd Panzer Group – Generaloberst Hermann Hoth
XXXIX Army Corps (mot.) – Generaloberst Rudolf Schmidt
LVII Army Corps (mot.) – General der Panzertruppen Adolf Kuntzen
VI Army Corps – General der Pioniere Otto-Wilhelm Förster
9th Army – Generaloberst Adolf Strauss
V Army Corps – Generaloberst Richard Ruoff
VIII Army Corps – Generaloberst Walter Heitz
XX Army Corps – General der Infanterie Friedrich Materna
4th Army – Generalfeldmarschall Günther von Kluge
VII Army Corps – General der Artillerie Wilhelm Fahrmbacher
IX Army Corps – General der Infanterie Hermann Geyer
XII Army Corps – General der Infanterie Walther Schroth
XIII Army Corps – General der Infanterie Hans Felber
XLIII Corps – Generaloberst Gotthard Heinrici
2nd Panzer Group – Generaloberst Heinz Guderian
XXIV Panzer Corps – General der Panzertruppen Leo Freiherr Geyr von Schweppenburg
XLVI Panzer Corps – General Heinrich von Viettinghoff-Scheel
XLVII Panzer Corps – General der Panzertruppen Joachim Lemelsen
10th Infantry Division (mot.) – Generalleutnant Friedrich-Wilhelm von Loeper
1st Cavalry Division – Generalleutnant Kurt Feldt
Reserve: 2nd Army – Generaloberst Maximilian von Weichs
XXXV Corps – General der Infanterie Rudolf Kaempfe
XLII Corps – General der Pioniere Walter Kuntze
LIII Army Corps – General der Infanterie Karl Weisenberger
286th Security Division – Generalleutnant Kurt Müller
Tanks
On 22 June 1941, the balance of tanks over the entire area of the Soviet Western Front was as follows.
Operation
The Red Army moved into Białystok (Poland), which shaped OKH planning. Beyond Białystok, Minsk was a key strategic railway junction and a defensive position of the main road and rail communications with Moscow.
Also caught in the German operation was part of the 11th Army of the Northwestern Front. In the north, 3rd Panzer Group attacked, cutting off the 11th Army from Western Front, and crossed the Neman River. The 2nd Panzer Group crossed the Bug River and by 23 June, it had penetrated 60 km into Soviet territory. The Panzer Groups' objectives were to meet east of Minsk and prevent any Red Army withdrawal from the encirclement. Operating with the Panzer Groups to encircle the Soviet forces, the 9th Army and 4th Army cut into the salient, beginning to encircle Soviet Armies around Białystok. On 23 June, the Soviet 10th Army attempted a counter-attack in accordance with pre-war planning, but failed to achieve its goals. On 24 June, General Pavlov ordered his operations officer, General Boldin, to take charge of the 6th and 11th Mechanized and the 6th Cavalry Corps for a counter-attack towards Hrodna to prevent the encirclement of Red Army formations near Białystok. This attack failed with heavy losses, although it may have allowed some units to escape the western encirclement towards Minsk.
In the evening of 25 June, the German XLVII Panzer Corps cut between Slonim and Vawkavysk, forcing Pavlov to order the withdrawal of all troops in the salient behind the Shchara River at Slonim to avoid encirclement. Most formations could not break contact with the Germans, and due to the loss of fuel and transport assets those who could break out, had to withdraw on foot. This withdrawal opened the southern approaches of Minsk.
Seven days after the invasion on 29 June, the pincer of Guderian's 2nd Panzer Group and Hoth's 3rd Panzer Group closed east of Minsk. The Panzer Groups had advanced 321 km into the Soviet Union and almost a third of the distance to Moscow. On 28 June, the 9th and 4th German Armies linked up east of Białystok splitting the encircled Soviet forces into two pockets: a smaller Białystok pocket containing the Soviet 10th Army and a larger Novogrudok pocket containing the 3rd and 13th Armies. Ultimately, in 17 days the Soviet Western Front lost 417,790 personnel from a total of 671,165. On 26 June Minsk, the capital of Belarus, fell to the Wehrmacht.
A second Red Army counter-attack by the 20th Mechanized Corps and 4th Airborne Corps failed to breach the encirclement as well, and by 30 June the pocket was completely closed.
The German forces surrounded and eventually destroyed or took prisoner most of the Soviet 3rd and 10th, 13th Armies and part of the 4th Army, in total about 20 divisions, while the remainder of the 4th Army fell back eastwards towards the Western Berezina River.
The Luftwaffes Luftflotte 2 helped destroy the VVS Western Front. Some 1,669 Soviet aircraft had been destroyed. The Luftwaffe lost 276 as destroyed and an additional 208 damaged. After only a week of fighting, the total serviceable strength of Luftflotte 1, Luftflotte 2 and Luftflotte 4 had been reduced to just 960 machines.
Aftermath
The Soviet troops trapped in the gigantic pockets continued fighting, and concluding operations resulted in high German casualties. An estimated 250,000 Soviet troops escaped because of the lack of German infantry troops' motor transport, which slowed the encirclement process.
The quick advance east created the possibility for the Wehrmacht to advance rapidly towards the land bridge of Smolensk from which an attack on Moscow could be planned. It also created the impression in the OKW that the war against the Soviet Union had already been won within days of its start. Still, Hitler blamed the Panzer generals for leaving gaps in the lines. The Panzer generals were deeply frustrated since for almost a week, their advance east had been stopped while they closed the pocket. They waited for the infantry to catch up and feared the momentum of the armored offensive would be lost.
Front Commander General Pavlov and his Front Staff were recalled to Moscow and accused of intentional disorganization of defence and retreat without battle. They were soon executed by the NKVD for cowardice and "failure to perform their duties" and their families were repressed. They were pardoned in 1956.
An exception was Pavlov's operations officer, General Ivan Boldin, who had been cut off by the German advance at a forward headquarters in the first days of the invasion but then fought his way back to Soviet lines with over 1,000 other soldiers a month and a half later.
Casualties
From 22 June to 9 July, the Soviet forces in Belarus lost 417,729 men, including 341,012 killed or missing and 76,717 wounded or sick. Soviet equipment losses totaled 1,177–1,669 aircraft, 4,799 tanks and 9,427 guns and mortars.
As for the Germans, from 22 June to 4 July, the 2nd Panzer Group lost 7,089 men and its 18th Panzer Division had 16 tanks destroyed by 6 July. The Panzer Group had only 6,320 replacements to cover the losses, but that deficit imposed only a minimal burden on its combat capabilities. The 3rd Panzer Group had casualties of 1,769 men by 2 July and had 85 tanks destroyed by 4 July. Its replacements totaled 4,730, more than enough to restore its losses. Five of the infantry divisions in the German Fourth and Ninth Armies lost 3,299 men.
References
Citations
Bibliography
Bergström, Christer (2007). Barbarossa – The Air Battle: July–December 1941. London: Chevron/Ian Allan. .
The initial period of war on the Eastern Front, 22 June–August 1941 : proceedings of the Fourth Art of War Symposium, Garmisch, FRG, October 1987 / edited by David M. Glantz .
Bryan I. Fugate and Lev Dvoretsky, Thunder on the Dnepr : Zhukov-Stalin and the defeat of Hitler's Blitzkrieg
Geyer, H. Das IX. Armeekorps im Ostfeldzug
Ziemke, E.F. 'Moscow to Stalingrad'
Conflicts in 1941
Encirclements in World War II
Battles and operations of the Soviet–German War
Battles of World War II involving Germany
Battles involving the Soviet Union
History of Białystok
Belastok Region
June 1941 events
July 1941 events | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Bia%C5%82ystok%E2%80%93Minsk |
is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Masami Yuki. It was serialized in Shogakukan's Weekly Shōnen Sunday from October 1994 to September 2000, and compiled into 26 tankōbon volumes.
Plot
Jaja Uma Grooming Up! depicts the story of Shunpei Kuze, a high-school student unsure of the future until he takes a motorcycle ride to Hokkaidō. When his motorbike runs out of fuel, Shunpei is stranded on a country road; to make matters worse, he loses his wallet. He is found and taken in by the daughter of a local rancher named Hibiki Watarai. Shunpei begins a new life on the Watarai horse-breeding ranch, learning about the horses and the ranch's lively family and workers.
Publication
Jaja Uma Grooming Up! is written and illustrated by Masami Yuki. The series started its serialization in Shogakukan's Weekly Shōnen Sunday on October 19, 1994, and finished on September 27, 2000. Shogakukan compiled the series into twenty-six individual tankōbon volumes, which were published between March 18, 1995, and November 18, 2000. Shogakukan re-released the series into a 14-volume bunkoban edition from December 13, 2003, to December 15, 2004.
References
Further reading
External links
Entry at Masami Yuki's official site
Horse racing in anime and manga
Masami Yuki
Shogakukan manga
Shōnen manga | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaja%20Uma%20Grooming%20Up%21 |
SKATS stands for Standard Korean Alphabet Transliteration System. It is also known as Korean Morse equivalents. Despite the name, SKATS is not a true transliteration system. SKATS maps the Hangul characters through Korean Morse code to the same codes in Morse code and back to their equivalents in the Latin script. Any phonetic correspondence between the Korean and Roman letters would be purely coincidental.
If a Korean Morse code operator were to transmit a Korean message in Morse, and an English-speaking Morse code operator heard the message, what they would write down is SKATS.
The advantage of SKATS is the letter-perfect accuracy in conveying the Korean message, something that would be lost with romanisations such as RR or McCune-Reischauer used. SKATS dates back to the days before Korean keyboards gained widespread acceptance, so it was a way for Westerners who knew Korean to accurately produce the Korean language on a typewriter or keyboard. The primary users of SKATS are government departments who are interested in letter-to-letter accuracy.
SKATS is not a cipher. When using SKATS it is important to remember not to read the letters as they sound in English, but to read them as its original sound in SKATS.
The letters are written left to right as in standard written English. The correct form is to put one space between syllables and two spaces between words, but this often varies from one user to another. Without the double spaces between words, word breaks are ambiguous. If the rules are strictly observed, a Korean text written in SKATS could be perfectly recovered.
Double consonants and double or triple vowels are written the same way – each letter in the same order as if it were written in Hangul.
Sample sentence
Morse:
.-.. ..- -- -.-. ..- .-.. . -- . --. -.- ..- --. --. -... .
SKATS:
LUM CU LE MEG KUGG BE
Letter-by-letter equivalent:
Hangul:
Revised romanisation:
Kimchiga masitta.
English:
The kimchi is delicious.
References
External links
http://www.mykit.com/kor/ele/morse.htm
Hangul
Romanization of Korean
Morse code
Standards of South Korea | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SKATS |
John Belluso (November 13, 1969 – February 10, 2006) was an American playwright best known for his works focusing on the lives of disabled people. He also directed a writing program for disabled people.
Early life and education
Born in Warwick, Rhode Island, he began using a wheelchair at the age of 13 due to a bone disease, Camurati-Engelmann syndrome. He completed both Bachelors and Masters degrees at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts Dramatic Writing program.
Career
In 2001, he wrote The Body of Bourne, based on the life of Randolph Bourne, a World War I pacifist and author. It was produced in Los Angeles by the Mark Taper Forum. He also directed the Forum's Other Voices program for writers with a disability. After that, he wrote Pyretown, which criticises America's managed care health system through a romance between a divorced mother and a young, wheelchair-using man.
Belluso joined the crew of the HBO western drama Deadwood as a writer for the first season in 2004, writing "The Trial of Jack McCall".
Selected work
The Rules of Charity, in which the resentful caregiver adult daughter of a wheelchair user with cerebral palsy tries to rebel against the care-giving, and pursue her own desires, with variously disastrous consequences;
Gretty Good Time, about a 32-year-old disabled woman living in a nursing home;
Travelling Skin, about a waitress with cerebral palsy;
Henry Flamethrowa, about a comatose woman who is believed to cause miracles; and
A Nervous Smile, about the parents of a severely disabled child who consider abandoning her.
Death
He died in February 2006 in New York City, where he was writing a play for New York's Public Theater about a disabled veteran returning from Iraq. In March 2008, the show was directed by his friend Lisa Peterson as an unfinished work in the Public's "Lab" series.
Season 1, episode 17, of Ghost Whisperer is dedicated to his memory.
References
Further reading
Associated Press Ohmynews "Disabled LA Playwright and Activist John Belluso dies" February 15, 2006
New dramatists John Belluso
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
2006 deaths
1969 births
People from Warwick, Rhode Island
Tisch School of the Arts alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Belluso |
Gratin dauphinois ( ) is a French gratin of sliced raw potatoes baked in cream, from the Dauphiné region in south-eastern France. There are many variants of the name of the dish, including pommes de terre dauphinoise, potatoes à la dauphinoise and gratin de pommes à la dauphinoise. It is distinguished from ordinary gratin potatoes (potatoes au gratin) by the use of raw rather than boiled potatoes. It is a quite different dish from pommes dauphine.
History
The first mention of the dish is from 12 July 1788. It was served with ortolans at a dinner given by Charles-Henri, Duke of Clermont-Tonnerre and Lieutenant-general of the Dauphiné, for the municipal officials of the town of Gap, now in the département of Hautes-Alpes.
Preparation
Gratin dauphinois is made with thinly sliced raw potatoes and cream, cooked in a buttered dish rubbed with garlic; cheese is sometimes added. The potatoes are peeled and sliced to the thickness of a coin, usually with a mandoline; they are layered in a shallow earthenware or glass baking dish and cooked in a slow oven; the heat is raised for the last 10 minutes of the cooking time.
By tradition, the gratin dauphinois does not include cheese, which would make it more similar to a gratin savoyard (which does not include cream). Recipes given by many chefs – including Auguste Escoffier, Austin de Croze and Constance Spry – call for cheese and eggs; others such as Robert Carrier specify cheese but no egg.
The gratin dauphinois is distinguished from ordinary gratin potatoes by the use of raw rather than boiled potatoes. It is a quite different dish from pommes dauphine.
See also
List of casserole dishes
References
French cuisine
Potato dishes
Casserole dishes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gratin%20dauphinois |
Hudson Whittaker (born Hudson Woodbridge; January 8, 1903March 19, 1981), known as Tampa Red, was an American Chicago blues musician.
His distinctive single-string slide guitar style, songwriting and bottleneck technique influenced other Chicago blues guitarists such as Big Bill Broonzy, Robert Nighthawk, Muddy Waters, and Elmore James. In a career spanning over 30 years, he also recorded pop, R&B and hokum songs. His best-known recordings include "Anna Lou Blues", "Black Angel Blues", "Crying Won't Help You", "It Hurts Me Too", and "Love Her with a Feeling".
Biography
Early life
Tampa Red was born Hudson Woodbridge in Smithville, Georgia. The date of his birth is uncertain, with Tampa himself giving years varying from 1900 to 1908. The birth date given on his death certificate is January 8, 1904. His parents, John and Elizabeth Woodbridge, died when he was a child, and he moved to Tampa, Florida, where he was raised by his aunt and grandmother and adopted their surname, Whittaker. He emulated his older brother, Eddie, who played the guitar around the Tampa area, and he was especially inspired by an old street musician called Piccolo Pete, who first taught him to play blues licks on the guitar. Red also picked up some knowledge from early recordings of female blues singers like Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, and Ida Cox. In an interview with Martin Williams, Red told Williams "That [1920] record of "Crazy Blues" by Mamie Smith, it was one of the first blues records ever made. I said to myself, 'I don't know any music, but I can play that.'"
Career
By 1925, having already perfected his slide technique, he had moved to Chicago, Illinois, and began his career as a street musician, adopting the name "Tampa Red", with reference to his childhood home and his light-colored skin. His big break came when he was hired to accompany Ma Rainey. While in Chicago, he met Thomas A. Dorsey, also known as Georgia Tom. Dorsey was an accomplished pianist, composer, and arranger who had performed and recorded with the leading female blues singers of the era, in particular Ma Rainey. Dorsey introduced Red to J. Mayo Williams, the frontman for Paramount Records in Chicago, who arranged a recording session for him in 1928.
His first recording "Through Train Blues" did not have as much success since it was the B-side to "How Long How Long" by Blind Lemon Jefferson, who was Paramount's biggest star at the time. It was Red's second recording, "It's Tight Like That", that caused a national sensation. The song reportedly came about when Mayo Williams heard them playing with a tune, borrowed from a Charley Jordan song, built around the then-popular catch phrase, "Tight Like That." Williams loved it and insisted they record it right away. Played in a bawdy and humorous style that became known as hokum, it ended up selling one million copies. Red would later recall people standing outside of record stores waiting to buy it. Since the song was composed by both Red and Dorsey, they shared around $4,000 in royalties from the song.
Tampa Red's early recordings were mostly collaborations with Dorsey. The two recorded almost 90 sides, sometimes as The Hokum Boys or, with Frankie Jaxon, as Tampa Red's Hokum Jug Band. In 1928 and 1929, besides making their own records, he and Georgia Tom appeared on recordings by Ma Rainey, Madilyn Davis, Lil Johnson, and female impersonator Frankie "Half Pint" Jaxon.
In 1928, Red became the first black musician to play a National steel-bodied resonator guitar, the loudest and showiest guitar available before amplification, acquiring one in the first year in which they were available. This allowed him to develop his trademark bottleneck style, playing single-string runs instead of block chords, which was a precursor of later blues and rock guitar soloing. The National guitar he used was a gold-plated tricone, which was found in Illinois in the 1990s by Randy Clemens, a music shop owner and guitarist, and later sold to the Experience Music Project in Seattle. Red was known as "The Man with the Gold Guitar", and into the 1930s he was billed as "The Guitar Wizard". In 1931, Red recorded "Depression Blues", including the topical lyrics, "If I could tell my troubles, it would give my poor heart ease, but Depression has got me, somebody help me please".
Red's partnership with Dorsey ended in 1932, but he remained much in demand as a session musician, working with John Lee "Sonny Boy" Williamson, Memphis Minnie, Big Maceo, and many others. He signed with Victor Records in 1934 and remained on their artist roster until 1953. He formed the Chicago Five, a group of session musicians who created what became known as the Bluebird sound, a precursor of the small-group style of later jump blues and rock and roll bands. Red was a friend and associate of Big Bill Broonzy and Big Maceo Merriweather. He achieved commercial success and some prosperity. His home became a centre for the blues community, providing rehearsal space, bookings, and lodgings for musicians who arrived in Chicago from the Mississippi Delta as the commercial potential of blues music grew and agricultural employment in the South diminished.
By the 1940s, Red was playing an electric guitar. In 1942, his "Let Me Play with Your Poodle", was a number 4 hit on Billboards new "Harlem Hit Parade", a forerunner of the R&B chart. His 1949 recording "When Things Go Wrong with You (It Hurts Me Too)", another R&B hit, was covered by Elmore James.
He was "rediscovered" in the blues revival of the late 1950s, like many other surviving early-recorded blues artists, such as Son House and Skip James. He made his last recordings in 1960.
Later life
Red's wife, Frances Whittaker, died on November 21, 1953. The loss was reportedly a great blow to him, and he became an alcoholic. When blues expert Jim O'Neal discovered him on Chicago's South Side in 1974, he was living with his female companion, 81-year-old Effie Tolbert. Red was reportedly in a much worse shape than in his earlier years, and his electric guitar rested under a bed while his National steel guitar had been stolen (it was recovered in a pawn shop in 1994, and eventually sold to the Experience Music Project in Seattle for $85,000). Tolbert died on December 10, 1974, and accounts of Red's past mental problems discouraged friends from taking him into their homes. By January 1975, he was at a state hospital in Chicago.
Red lived out his final years in Central Nursing Home, where he died from a heart attack while eating breakfast on the morning of March 19, 1981. According to a newspaper obituary published by Jim O'Neal, his funeral was held at Biggs & Biggs Funeral Home, and he was buried in Mount Glenwood Memory Garden, in the Chicago suburb of Willow Springs.
Discography
Red was one of the most prolific blues recording artists of his era. It has been estimated that he recorded 335 songs on 78-rpm records, of which 251 were recorded between 1928 and 1942, making him the blues artist with the most recordings during that period. Most of his singles were released before Billboard magazine began tracking blues (and other "race music") in October 1942, and accurate sales records are not available. However, he had four singles that placed in the R&B top ten between 1942 and 1951.
Selected singles
Red recorded alternate versions (usually designated "No. 2", "No. 3", etc.) of some of his early songs. Songs with alternate versions are marked with a plus sign. He recorded some singles with collaborators, credited as the Hokum Boys, Tampa Red's Hokum Jug Band, Papa Too Sweet, and other names.
He also played as a sideman on recordings by Big Maceo Merriweather, John Lee "Sonny Boy" Williamson, Memphis Minnie, Ma Rainey, and Victoria Spivey.
Selected albums
Although he was a prolific singles artist, Red recorded only two albums, which were released late in his career. Various compilation albums have been released since his death by different record companies, often with significant overlap, but some compilations focus on certain aspects of his style or original record labels.
References
External links
[ AllMusic biography]
Entry in the New Georgia Encyclopedia
Big Bands Database Plus "Tampa Red's Hokum Jug Band"
National Reso-phonic Guitar History
E-notes biography
The TAMPA RED Page
Tampa Red recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings.
1903 births
1981 deaths
People from Lee County, Georgia
African-American guitarists
African-American male singer-songwriters
American blues guitarists
American male guitarists
American blues singers
Slide guitarists
Chicago blues musicians
RCA Victor artists
Bluebird Records artists
Vocalion Records artists
American blues pianists
American male pianists
20th-century American guitarists
Musicians from Tampa, Florida
Guitarists from Florida
Guitarists from Illinois
Guitarists from Georgia (U.S. state)
20th-century American pianists
20th-century African-American male singers
Singer-songwriters from Georgia (U.S. state)
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Singer-songwriters from Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampa%20Red |
Simon Byrne (1806 – 2 June 1833), nicknamed "The Emerald Gem", was an Irish bare-knuckle prize fighter. The heavyweight boxing champion of Ireland, he was drawn to England by the larger sums of prize money on offer and his hopes of becoming the heavyweight champion there as well. He became one of only six fighters ever to have been involved in fatal fights as both survivor and deceased since records began in 1741.
Byrne fought in an era when English boxing, although illegal, was patronised by many powerful individuals. Its patronage and popularity did not, however, free it from corruption, heavy betting, and staged fights. Byrne fought eight recorded matches, but accounts of his career focus on the last three, against the Scottish champion Alexander McKay, the English champion Jem Ward, and James Burke for the vacant championship of England. The injuries McKay received in his fight with Byrne resulted in his death the following day, and rioting in his home country of Scotland. Byrne went on to lose his next match against Jem Ward, which some commentators believed he was not sufficiently in condition to fight. His final contest in May 1833 was a gruelling 99 rounds against James Burke that lasted for 3 hours and 6 minutes, the longest ever recorded prize fight. Byrne died three days later as the result of damage to his brain caused by the beating he had received.
Burke was arrested and tried for manslaughter but was acquitted. Following the death in 1838 of another fighter, William Phelps, also known as Brighton Bill, the London Prize Ring Rules were introduced to more clearly define the rules of prize fighting and to introduce certain safety measures, rules that still form the basis for the modern sport of boxing.
Early 19th-century English boxing
During the first half of the 19th century pugilism, better known as prize-fighting, held a curious position in British society. Although supported by members of the establishment from the royal princes downwards, it was considered illegal under the terms of the Riot Act of 1715, which defined a riot as "a tumultuous disturbance of the peace by three or more persons assembling together, of their own authority, with intent mutually to execute a violent enterprise to the terror of the people".
The boxer George Stevenson had died a few days after his 35-minute fight with the English champion Jack Broughton in 1741, an event that triggered Broughton to draw up a set of rules with the help of some of his patrons to prevent a recurrence. Published on 16 August 1743, Broughton's Rules outlawed hitting or seizing any part of an opponent's body below the waist, or striking him when he was down, but otherwise left much to the discretion of referees. Rounds were not of a fixed length but continued until one of the fighters was knocked or thrown to the ground, after which those in his corner were allowed 30 seconds to return him to the "scratch" – the middle of the ring – failing which his opponent was declared the victor.
The sport enjoyed an unprecedented surge in popularity during the Regency period when it was openly patronised by the Prince Regent (later George IV) and his brothers. Championship boxing matches acquired a louche reputation as the places to be seen by the wealthy upper classes. Thus, a match would often be attended by thousands of people, many of whom had wagered money on the outcome. The Duke of Cumberland (an uncle of King George III) was reported to have bet thousands of pounds on Jack Broughton, who was the English champion for 18 years.
Boxing had become a nest of "gambling related corruption" by the 1820s. The epitome of this era was the championship reign of Jem Ward, a fighter who on one occasion admitted taking £100, equivalent to several thousand pounds today, to lose a contest. By 1830 the sport had become widely known for its corruption, and blatant cheating was commonplace. It was against this background that Simon Byrne earned his living.
Early life
Very little is known of Byrne's early life beyond the fact that he was born in Ireland in 1806. His first fight, in 1825, was a loss to Mike Larking; it lasted 138 rounds spread over two and a half hours—despite the fact that at this time a round could vary in length, and usually only ended when a man was knocked down. His second fight was a draw against Jack Manning in 1826, earning Byrne £100. Next was Byrne's first match against the Scottish boxer Alexander McKay, which Byrne won easily in five rounds, earning him a further £100. This match was McKay's first ever prize-fight. This victory was soon followed by a win against Bob Avery, earning a further £50, then another win over Phil Samson in 1829, earning him £200. By the standards of the day these latter sums were enormous; it is therefore surprising that he was then offered £200 for a rematch, regardless of whether he won or not, against the less experienced McKay, whom he had beaten so easily on the first occasion. As of 2008 that would be the equivalent of about £13,600.
Byrne versus McKay
The fight against Alexander McKay was Byrne's first brush with notoriety. On 2 June 1830, Byrne, billed as "Champion of Ireland", fought McKay, the "Champion of Scotland", for the right to challenge Jem Ward, the heavyweight champion of England. The match had been organized at Tom Spring's "Castle Tavern", in Holborn. The former champion boxer Tom Spring, as treasurer of the "Fair Play Club" – the organization which oversaw boxing – was immensely influential in the boxing world. Along with two other well-known boxers, Gentleman Jackson and Tom Cribb (who also acted as Byrne's manager), he was Byrne's sponsor for the match. Cribb was considered to be one of the greatest fighters of the era; more than 20,000 people attended one of his fights.
Contracts were signed at Spring's tavern and it was arranged for the fight to take place at Hanslope, Buckinghamshire. But as a vast crowd of spectators began pouring into Hanslope the venue was switched at the last minute to Salcey Green, just inside Northamptonshire, thus rendering the Buckinghamshire constables powerless to prevent it.
Despite the publicity and billing this was only McKay's fifth prize-fight. Since his defeat at the hands of Byrne two-and-half years earlier McKay had fought and won just three matches, earning him £180, while Byrne had earned £200. Both men were promised £200 for the match whatever its outcome. McKay had earned £100 for his previous fight against Paul Spencer, the most he had ever received; the promised payment was a huge improvement in his fortunes.
McKay's boxing relied on brute strength rather than scientific pugilistic theory, but the fight still lasted for 47 rounds before McKay collapsed under a left-handed punch to the throat that did not seem particularly powerful. He was carried to his corner where he regained consciousness, complaining of severe headache. He was bled by a surgeon on the scene and taken to a local inn, the Watts Arms, where he died at 9:00 pm the following evening. A post mortem examination found the cause of death to be brain damage. McKay was buried in Hanslope Churchyard with the following inscription on his headstone:
McKay's death attracted widespread publicity and led to rioting in the streets of his homeland. In Dundee, three people died and 200 were injured in the fracas. In Glasgow, four people died, and the Dragoons were called out to quell rioting after a Roman Catholic church was burned and looted (the mob would have assumed Byrne, an Irishman, to be a Roman Catholic). Byrne was arrested three days later on board the ferry to Ireland as he tried to leave the country. He was incarcerated in Buckingham Gaol to await his trial and the prospect of the gallows.
Trial
The trial was held at the Assizes in the small rural market town of Buckingham. More used to the trials of local poachers and sheep thieves, Buckingham had never before seen such a spectacle. The town was inundated with journalists and the merely curious. Byrne was charged with manslaughter. Tom Cribb, Reuben Martin, Thomas Reynolds, and George Cooper were charged with aiding and abetting manslaughter. With such illustrious names as Cribb's, Jackson's and Spring's involved, the trial had the potential to turn into a huge establishment scandal. People of all classes had bet hundreds of pounds on the outcome of the boxing match. Despite being banned, prize fighting enjoyed huge public support and patronage from levels up to the younger male members of the Royal family, some of whom Jackson had taught to box. The support received by Byrne at his trial is testimony to the wealth of his backers. The establishment rallied to his support; Byrne was represented by three barristers and five solicitors, and twelve witnesses journeyed from London to give evidence on his behalf.
The defence produced a witness who claimed to have seen McKay fall and strike his head on some stones several hours before the fight, and the Glasgow Free Press began a rumour that McKay had been drugged by "a sleeping draught" introduced into his water bottle. That the fight was illegal, as was the public assembly of spectators does not seem to have been considered in court. This benign neglect is surprising because as recently as 1825, in the case of Rex v. Billingham, Savage and Skinner, it had been deemed that anyone even attending a fight was guilty of an offence.
At the trial Byrne was described by a Bow Street Runner as a "very human kind man", and McKay as "a very large muscular man – a magnificent man". The jury came to a verdict after only ten minutes of deliberation: "Not guilty". Byrne was once again a free man, but the image of the sport had been damaged. The Times of 5 June 1830 condemned the "barbarous, filthy and swindling exhibitions called prize fights" and expressed the hope that "an example will be made of the more wealthy monsters in this affair of blood – the sanguinary cowards who stood by and saw a fellow creature beaten to death for their sport and gain!"
As the "wealthy monsters" patronising boxing included King George IV (who had asked Gentleman Jackson and the country's leading pugilists to act as pages at his coronation in 1821) and his heir, the Duke of Clarence, The Times's words fell on deaf ears, and the sport continued unabated. The following year a similar legal case occurred when another boxer was killed. However, in this instance less wealthy patrons and illustrious names were involved, and the manager of the convicted boxer, unlike Tom Cribb, was found guilty of abetting manslaughter and sentenced to 14 years transportation.
Byrne versus Ward
Cleared of any responsibility for McKay's death, Byrne collected his £200 prize money, and as the winner earned the right to fight the English heavyweight champion Jem Ward. The fight was originally scheduled to take place at Leicester on 10 March 1829, but at the last minute Ward claimed that he was unfit and too ill to fight, much to the disapproval of his backers and friends. Rumours circulated that Ward had refused to enter the ring unless he received a prize money of £250 plus an additional £250 if he lost; the event became known in some quarters as the Leicester Hoax. Ward did not fight again for two years, but he and Byrne finally met on 12 July 1831 at Willeycott, near Stratford upon Avon. Each fighter was paid £200. Although Ward was the older man he prevailed in the contest after one hour and seventeen minutes, when Byrne's seconds, Tom Spring and Tom Reynolds, withdrew their man in the 33rd round.
An observer commented that Byrne may not have been in the best of condition for the fight, as "his appearance failed to favour the impression that he possessed active vigour"; boxing historian Gilbert Odd describes the fight as "disgraceful". Another commentator noted that "it is a singular fact that neither of the men had a black eye; neither had an external cut worth mentioning".
Byrne versus Burke
Jem Ward announced his retirement from the ring in a letter published in the 29 January edition of Bell's Life in London. He was succeeded as champion of England by James Burke, although some disputed Burke's right to the title as Ward had refused to fight him before retiring. Standing tall, weighing 200 lb (90 kg), and handicapped by deafness, Burke had assumed the championship after defeating Harry Macone in one of the prolonged and brutal fights for which he was known. Ward, who had faced public criticism for his refusal to fight Burke, felt that Byrne was the better fighter and promised to acknowledge the victor of a fight between Burke and Byrne as the new champion. The match took place on 30 May 1833 on Nomansland, a tract of common land between the villages of Sandridge and Wheathampstead in Hertfordshire, for a prize of £100 to each man. To get himself into condition for the fight, Byrne had reduced his weight from to , an effort that "as it was effected by hard work and sweating, somewhat impaired his natural stamina, especially as, his habits being far from abstemious when in Ireland, he was scarcely fitted to undergo the necessary amount of labour". Despite his hard work Byrne looked "fleshy", with "no special show of muscle", compared to Burke's "perfect condition", although he did have a slight height advantage. Burke weighed in at , and started the contest as the marginal favourite at odds of 5–4.
Tom Spring was once again in Byrne's corner, as was Jem Ward. In true Burke style the match lasted for 3 hours and 6 minutes, during which time 99 rounds were fought the longest ever recorded prize fight. For the most part Byrne seemed to be in control in the early stages of the fight; in the 30th round he trapped Burke against the ropes and battered him severely around the body before throwing him to the ground. Burke fell on his face, vomiting and throwing up blood, and for the next few rounds Byrne looked the more likely winner. By the 49th round however, Burke had recovered sufficiently to knock Byrne to the ground, whose hands by then were so swollen that he was unable to deliver a finishing blow. By the 93rd round Byrne was "scarcely able to stand, and rolled before the Deaf'un like a ship in a storm". Although both men were utterly exhausted Burke continued to "pepper away at [Byrne's] body and head", until in the 99th round Byrne collapsed unconscious and could not be revived to take his place once again at the scratch. A contemporary newspaper report of the day describes a blow-by-blow account of a fair match.
Byrne was carried to "The Woolpack" inn in nearby St Albans, where he was attended to by Tom Spring. On the evening of the fight Byrne was considered to be close to death, but over the course of the following two days he seemed to be recovering, and was sufficiently conscious to thank his friends for their ministrations. But his condition worsened during the afternoon of Saturday 1 June 1833, and he died the following day; the cause of death was given as "congestion of blood in the brain". Byrne himself was reportedly of a different opinion, telling a chambermaid shortly before his death that "If I should die, it will not be from the beating I received but from mortification. I would rather have died than been beaten in that fight." He left behind a wife and four children in Dublin.
Aftermath
One contemporary view of Byrne's fatal fight, and of his earlier contest against Ward, was expressed in a popular poem written by James Catnach, the catchpenny publisher of Seven Dials, London:
On Thursday, 30 May day, Brave Simon took the ring,
Back'd by Jem Ward the champion, likewise by Gallant Spring,
To fight Burke for two hundred pounds, a man of courage bold,
To stop reports that with Ward the battle he had sold.
Burke was arrested and tried for manslaughter. He was acquitted on 11 July 1833, but avoided competitive fights for some time afterwards, only taking part in exhibition matches. He retired in 1843 and died of tuberculosis less than two years later in 1845, having by then been reduced to poverty.
Following the death in 1838 of another fighter, William Phelps, also known as Brighton Bill, in a match against Owen Swift, the London Prize Ring Rules were introduced by the Pugilists's Protective Association to more clearly define the range of fouls and to introduce certain safety measures. Butting, gouging, biting, scratching, kicking were all forbidden as was the use of stones or any hard object in the hand. Thirty-second breaks were introduced between rounds, at the end of which each fighter had to walk to the scratch unaided within 8 seconds. The wearing of spiked boots was prohibited, and boxers who went to ground without being hit were disqualified. These rules still form the basis for the modern sport of boxing.
See also
List of bare-knuckle boxers
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
1806 births
1833 deaths
Bare-knuckle boxers
Deaths due to injuries sustained in boxing
Sport deaths in England
Irish male boxers
Heavyweight boxers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon%20Byrne |
The following are the football (soccer) events of the year 2002 throughout the world.
Events
8 January – MLS contracts league down to ten clubs by eliminating its two Florida franchises: Tampa Bay Mutiny and Miami Fusion.
13 February – Dick Advocaat is reinstated as the manager of the Netherlands, as the successor of the failing Louis van Gaal, with a 1–1 draw in a friendly against England in Amsterdam.
The 2002 FIFA World Cup Korea/Japan is held from 31 May to 30 June in South Korea and Japan. Brazil wins its fifth title, defeating Germany 2–0 in the final. Surprisingly, Turkey and host nation South Korea take 3rd and 4th. This is the first time a World Cup is held in Asia and by two countries simultaneously.
UEFA Champions League: Real Madrid beats Bayer Leverkusen 2–1 in the final. This was Real Madrid's 9th European Cup.
UEFA Cup: Feyenoord wins 3–2 in the final against Borussia Dortmund, winning the cup for the second time.
European Super Cup: Real Madrid wins 3–1 over Feyenoord, winning the cup for the first time.
Scotland – Scottish Premier League: Celtic win the league with an overall points tally of 103, a new record.
Copa Libertadores 2002: Olimpia of Paraguay wins the final on a penalty shootout (4–2) against São Caetano of Brazil.
England – FA Cup: Arsenal wins 2–0 over Chelsea.
Asian Champions Cup – Suwon Samsung Bluewings retain the Asian Champions Cup, defeating fellow South Korean club Anyang LG Cheetahs 4–2 on penalties. They also retained the Asian Super Cup.
May – Arsenal wins The Double
31 August – Real Madrid signs Inter Milan's World Cup winner Ronaldo with a transfer fee of €45 million.
1 October – Gerard van der Lem is named manager of the Saudi Arabia national football team.
3 December – Real Madrid wins the Intercontinental Cup in Tokyo, Japan for the third time, by defeating Paraguay's Olimpia Asunción: 2–0.
Winners of national club championship
Asia
:
Pro League – Persepolis
Azadegan League – Sanat Naft
Hazfi Cup – Esteghlal
– Júbilo Iwata
– Al-Ittihad
– Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma
– Osotspa M-150
Europe
Croatia – NK Zagreb
Denmark – Brøndby
England – Arsenal
France – Lyon
Germany – Borussia Dortmund
Iceland – KR
Ireland – Shelbourne
Italy – Juventus
Netherlands
Eredivisie – Ajax
Eerste Divisie – Zwolle
Portugal – Sporting CP
Russia – Lokomotiv Moscow
Scotland – Celtic
Spain
La Liga – Valencia
Copa del Rey – Deportivo La Coruña
Sweden: for fuller coverage, see: 2002 in Swedish football
Allsvenskan and Svenska Cupen – Djurgården
Turkey – Galatasaray
Ukraine – Shakhtar Donetsk
FR Yugoslavia – Partizan
North and Central America
– Ottawa Wizards (CPSL)
Verano 2002 – Club América
Apertura 2002 – Club Toluca
– Los Angeles Galaxy (MLS)
South America
Argentina:
2001–02 Clausura – River Plate
2002–03 Apertura – Independiente
Bolivia – Bolívar
Brazil – Santos
Ecuador – Emelec
Paraguay – Libertad
Uruguay – Nacional
International tournaments
African Cup of Nations in Mali (19 January – 13 February 2002)
FIFA World Cup in South Korea and Japan (31 May – 30 June 2002)
National team results
Europe
South America
Births
7 January – Mohamed Daramy, Danish international
16 January – Bagas Kaffa, Indonesian youth international
18 January – Karim Adeyemi, German international
23 January – Leonardo Bia, Italian footballer
January 30 – Marco Di Cesare, Argentine club footballer
31 January – Giovanni, Brazilian footballer
3 February – Radu Drăgușin, Romanian international
15 February – Zuriko Davitashvili, Georgian international
10 March
Ian Maatsen, Dutch footballer
Noni Madueke, English youth international
27 April – Anthony Elanga, Swedish international
13 May – Eugenio Pizzuto, Mexican youth international
16 May – Kenneth Taylor, Dutch international
7 June – Tomáš Suslov, Slovak international
19 June – Efraín Álvarez, Mexican international
11 July – Amad Diallo, Ivorian international
25 July – Adam Hložek, Czech international
30 August – Fábio Carvalho, Portuguese youth international
20 October – Yeremy Pino, Spanish international
23 October – Elkan Baggott, Indonesian footballer
31 October – Ansu Fati, Spanish international
10 November – Eduardo Camavinga, French international
13 November – Giovanni Reyna, U.S. international
Deaths
February
8 February – Zizinho, Brazilian midfielder, winner of the Best Player Award at the 1950 FIFA World Cup. (80)
12 February – John Eriksen (44), Danish international
16 February – Walter Winterbottom (89), English manager
20 February – Cristian Neamtu, Romanian player
March
4 March – Velibor Vasović (62), Yugoslavian footballer
April
16 April – Billy Ayre (49), English footballer and manager
May
13 May – Valeri Lobanovsky (63), Ukrainian footballer and manager
June
17 June – Fritz Walter (81), German World cup winning (1954) footballer
July
25 July – Hans Dorjee (60), Dutch footballer and manager
August
8 August – Reiner Geye (52), German footballer
September
17 September – Edvaldo Alves de Santa Rosa, Brazilian forward, winner of the 1958 FIFA World Cup. (68)
22 September – Julio Pérez, Uruguayan striker, winner of the 1950 FIFA World Cup. (76)
October
24 October – Hermán Gaviria (32), Colombian footballer
November
1 November – Lester Morgan (26), Costa Rican footballer
9 November – Eusebio Tejera, Uruguayan defender, winner of the 1950 FIFA World Cup. (80)
12 November – Raoul Diagne (92), French footballer
13 November – Juan Alberto Schiaffino, Uruguayan forward, winner of the 1950 FIFA World Cup, ranked as the best Uruguayan footballer of all time by an IFFHS poll. (77)
Movies
Bend It Like Beckham (UK)
References
Association football by year | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%20in%20association%20football |
Dinas Mawddwy () is a village in the community of Mawddwy in south-east Gwynedd, north Wales. It lies within the Snowdonia National Park, but just to the east of the main A470, and consequently many visitors pass the village by. Its population is roughly 600. The village marks the junction of the unclassified road to Llanuwchllyn which climbs up through the mountains to cross Bwlch y Groes at its highest point, the second highest road pass in Wales. This minor road also provides the closest access to the mountain Aran Fawddwy and is the nearest settlement to Craig Cywarch.
Geography
Dinas Mawddwy stands at the confluence of three rivers. The Afon Cywarch flows from the mountains to the north and the Afon Cerist flows from the west, both joining the River Dyfi here. The Dyfi flows south to Cemmaes Road where it turns west to head past Machynlleth to the Irish Sea. The mountains to the north are the Aran Fawddwy range of high, rocky peaks. To the south and the west stand the Dyfi Hills, dominated by Maesglase west of the town. Dinas Mawddwy is dominated by Foel Dinas which looms high over the valley's west side.
Early history
Iron Age
There are thought to be two Iron Age fortifications in the immediate vicinity of Dinas Mawddwy. One is on the top of Moel Benddin, where a low depression forms the supposed site. The second fortification was in C'aer-bryn field, to the south of the Buckley Arms Hotel, which still had stonework in place in the late 18th century.
Medieval period
The Ancient borough of Mawddwy was the only remaining part of the Kingdom of Powys still ruled by members of the native "royal family" (of Powys Wenwynwyn) after 1309. On the division of the realm in 1293, Mawddwy had been awarded to William de la Pole (of Mawddwy) and his descendants. The ruling family in Mawddwy would expire in the male line in 1414.
Dinas Mawddwy was the seat of the borough of Mawddwy and received its charter in 1394; it retained that status until 1886. The Mayor of Mawddwy had the power to try offenders within the borough and punish them in the stocks, and to grant licenses to public houses, although this latter power ended in 1872.
The Red Bandits of Mawddwy
In the 16th century, the Mawddwy area was home to a band of highway robbers and bandits named the 'Gwylliaid Cochion Mawddwy' or 'Gwylliaid y Dugoed'. The Gwylliaid were supposedly the dregs of society, who came to the Dinas Mawddwy area having been excommunicated from their own areas. Some were hanged and others were exiled from the area forever. In 1555 two brothers pleaded to be pardoned by the Baron Owain, and his rejection of the plea enraged the Gwylliaid. They were intent on revenge and one night, while the Baron travelled home from Montgomeryshire, the Gwylliaid set traps on the road and shot arrows at the baron and his company. His body was found with thirty arrows attached to it.
Transport and industry
The village was served by the standard gauge Mawddwy Railway which connected with the Cambrian Railways at Cemmes Road railway station. Dinas Mawddwy was the northern terminus of the railway, which was built to serve the slate quarries at Minllyn and Aberangell and to provide passenger services along the upper Dyfi valley. The railway opened in 1867 and ran passenger services until 1 January 1931. It closed completely in September 1950 after heavy flooding of the River Dyfi damaged the railway bridge north of Cemmes Road railway station. The line was officially closed on 1 July 1951. The track was lifted early in 1952.
Between 1975 and 1977, the gauge Meirion Mill Railway ran from Meirion Mill on the site of Dinas Mawddwy station for about a mile south towards Aberangell.
Lords of Mawddwy
From around 1500, the Lordship of Mawddwy was held by members of the Mytton family. In 1734, John Mytton, then the Lord of Mawddwy, donated a black marble font to the church at Mallwyd. The family held the lordship until 1831, when it was sold by "Mad Jack" Mytton to John Bird. In 1856. Bird in turn sold the title and the substantial estate in and around Dinas Mawddwy to Sir Edmund Buckley, a rich industrialist from Ardwick near Manchester. Buckley passed the title and estate to his son Sir Edmund Buckley, 1st Baronet in 1864. In turn they passed to Sir Edmund Buckley, 2nd Baronet in 1910. Sir Edmund's son died fighting at Gallipoli in 1915, he died in 1919.
The Lord of Mawddwy was empowered to hold a Court leet. This medieval judicial system continued in active use as late as 1914. In 1891 the following notice of the twice annual court was posted in Dolgellau:
NOTICE is HEREBY GIVEN that the COURT LEET Court Baron and View of Frankpledge of and for the above Manor and for the City and Borough of Dinas Mawddwy for Michaelmas 1891 will be held at the Buckley Arms Hotel Dinas Mawddwy on Thursday the 19th day of November next at One o clock in the Afternoon where and when all Jurors Constables Homagers and others who owe suit and service are required to attend WR DAVIES, Dolgelley, Oct. 31st 1891
Notable residents
Robert Vaughn (1836–1918), a Welsh immigrant to the US state of Montana, rancher, farmer and businessman
Dinas Mawddwy is the home of the 1996 British Rally Championship winner Gwyndaf Evans and his son Elfyn Evans, winner of both Wales WRC Rally GB 2017 and Swedish WRC Rally 2020.
References
External links
www.geograph.co.uk : photos of Dinas Mawddwy and surrounding area
Villages in Gwynedd
Villages in Snowdonia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinas%20Mawddwy |
Zino Vinnikov (Russian: Зиновий Винников) (born 1943) is a Russian-Dutch violinist and one of the leading representatives of the St Petersburg violin tradition.
Biography
Vinnikov studied with Abram Shtern in Kiev, and later at the St Petersburg Conservatory (then Leningrad Conservatory) with Mikhail Vaiman (1926-1977) and Benjamin Sher, himself a pupil of the legendary Leopold Auer. He made his solo debut in 1963 on the stages of the St Petersburg Philharmonia and the Mariinsky Theatre (Kirov Theater). While still a student, Vinnikov won First Prize at the USSR National Violin Competition in 1965 (ex aequo with Viktor Tretiakov). Vinnikov was also one of the prizewinners of both the 1966 International Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow and the 1971 Queen Elisabeth Music Competition in Brussels, and won First Prize at the 1967 George Enescu Violin Competition in Bucharest.
Upon completing his postgraduate studies, Zino Vinnikov was invited to become a professor at the St Petersburg Conservatory. In the early years of his career as a soloist Vinnikov performed with the country's leading orchestras throughout the former Soviet Union and abroad. In 1979 he accepted an invitation from the Residentie Orchestra to settle in The Hague. Since then the artist has resided in the Netherlands, which granted him citizenship by Royal decree in 1982, and in France.
Today, Zino Vinnikov is an internationally recognised artist with broad musical interests and a remarkably rich repertoire. He has toured worldwide, appearing in most countries of Europe and the former Soviet Union, the United States, Canada, South America, Japan and China. Vinnikov has performed as a soloist under leading conductors such as Yuri Temirkanov, Evgeny Svetlanov, Mariss Jansons, Neeme Järvi, Gennady Rozhdestvensky, André Previn, Alain Lombard, Hans Vonk, Jaap van Zweden and Vladimir Ashkenazy. He also developed an especially close musical partnership with Yehudi Menuhin, who confessed to being an admirer of Vinnikov's art. Their recording of the Tchaikovsky Violin Concerto in D major, Sérénade mélancolique, and Mélodie (with Lord Menuhin conducting the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra of London) received wide acclaim and has since been re-released several times. His 2002 album Zino Vinnikov Plays Fritz Kreisler also received enthusiastic reviews, such as "a tour de force, in which Vinnikov is forced to switch tempo, playing style and dynamics at a moment’s notice. Those looking to hear a master at the top of his game need look no further.", "captivating recording by [an] excellent violinist", and "Vinnikov has the rare capacity to ally delightful technical mastery with depth and subtlety of interpretation."
Zino Vinnikov has been concertmaster (leader) of the St Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra, The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra of London, the Orchestre National Bordeaux Aquitaine, and the Residentie Orchestra of The Hague. In these capacities he contributed to numerous recordings of the key orchestral repertoire with some of the world's leading conductors.
Also an active chamber music player, Zino Vinnikov has performed with fine musicians such as Philippe Hirschhorn, Mischa Maisky, Natalia Gutman, Boris Pergamenschikow, Eliso Virsaladze, Ronald Brautigam, Dmitri Ferschtman, Elisabeth Leonskaya and others. For over a decade he was First Violinist of the Netherlands-based Glinka Quartett, which he co-founded and with which he toured widely. He has participated in a wide range of music festivals including Edinburgh, Santander, Athens, St Petersburg, Bonn, Paris, Bordeaux and London.
For years Zino Vinnikov held professorships at the St Petersburg Conservatory, the Rotterdam Conservatory, the Utrecht Conservatory, and the Benjamin Britten Academy. He is regularly invited to deliver masterclasses (including at the St Petersburg Conservatory), to serve on the jury of international violin competitions, and continues to teach select private students in the Netherlands.
In September 2013 Zino Vinnikov was awarded a Knighthood in the Order of the Netherlands Lion (the country's highest and oldest civilian order) for services to music.
Recordings
Recordings by Zino Vinnikov have been released under the Melodiya, RCA/Erasmus, Residentie Orkest, Tring International, RPO, Eroica Classical, and IMLab Classical labels. Many are available on major online music streaming services (Spotify, iTunes, Google Play). They feature works by Achron, Albéniz, Bach, Bartók, Bloch, Chausson, Chopin, Debussy, Dvořák, Gade, Haydn, Kreisler, Massenet, Milhaud, Mozart, Ponce, Ravel, Saint-Saëns, Sarasate, Schubert, Suk, Tchaikovsky, Vivaldi, Wieniawski, and Ysaÿe.
References
Russian violinists
Male violinists
Dutch violinists
1943 births
Living people
Knights of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
21st-century violinists
21st-century Russian male musicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zino%20Vinnikov |
Nausori Naitasiri Open is supposedly a former electoral division of Fiji, one of 25 open constituencies that were elected by universal suffrage (the remaining 46 seats, called communal constituencies, were allocated by ethnicity). Established by the 1997 Constitution, it came into being in 1999 and was used for the parliamentary elections of 1999, 2001, and 2006. It was located to the north of Suva.
The 2013 Constitution promulgated by the Military-backed interim government abolished all constituencies and established a form of proportional representation, with the entire country voting as a single electorate.
Election results
In the following tables, the primary vote refers to first-preference votes cast. The final vote refers to the final tally after votes for low-polling candidates have been progressively redistributed to other candidates according to pre-arranged electoral agreements (see electoral fusion), which may be customized by the voters (see instant run-off voting).
1999
2001
2006
Sources
Psephos - Adam Carr's electoral archive
Fiji Facts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nausori%20Naitasiri%20%28Open%20Constituency%2C%20Fiji%29 |
Cedar Creek is a tributary of the James River in the U.S. state of Virginia. It is notable for flowing through the Natural Bridge rock formation, a National Historic Landmark.
Course
The creek rises at the Rockbridge-Botetourt County line near the crest of the Short Hills within the Short Hills Wildlife Management Area, and flows northeast for along the ridgecrest before dropping off the mountain to the east. Upon reaching the base of the mountain ridge, Cedar Creek turns south, then southeast, flowing under Interstate 81, then flowing under the Natural Bridge, which carries U.S. Route 11. The creek continues south farther, reaching the James River at Gilmore Mills.
Cedar Creek Trail
The Cedar Creek Trail runs alongside Cedar Creek for , allowing visitors to see the bridge and other places of interest, including a Native American village, Saltpeter Cave, the Lost River, and Lace Falls.
See also
List of rivers of Virginia
References
Rivers of Virginia
Tributaries of the James River
Rivers of Rockbridge County, Virginia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedar%20Creek%20%28James%20River%20tributary%29 |
Richard Cobbold (1797 – 5 January 1877) was a British writer.
Life
Richard Cobbold was born in 1797 in the Suffolk town of Ipswich, to John (1746–1835) and the poet and writer Elizabeth (née Knipe) Cobbold (1764–1824). The Cobbolds were a large and affluent family who made their money from the brewing industry.
Educated at Caius College, Cambridge, Cobbold entered the church, starting at St Mary-le-Tower in Ipswich before moving to Wortham in 1825 with his wife and three sons.
He remained there until his death on 5 January 1877.
Cobbold is best known as the author of the History of Margaret Catchpole, a novel based on the romantic adventures of a woman living in the neighbourhood of Ipswich, in whom Cobbold's father had taken a kindly interest. For the copyright of this book he is said to have received £1,000. However Cobbold did not make much money by his other literary ventures, which were mostly undertaken for charitable purposes. Thus his account of Mary Ann Wellington brought in no less than £600, much of it in small gifts, for the subject of the book, who was afterwards placed in an almshouse by Cobbold's exertions.
Family
In 1822, he married the only daughter of Jeptha Waller, by whom he had three sons.
One of the sons, Edward Augustus (born 1825), became vicar of the neighbouring parish of Yaxley, and another Thomas Spencer, a leading parasitologist.
Legacy
During his time at Wortham, more significantly, he recorded the daily lives of his various parishioners, both in words and pictures. His four volumes eventually found a home at the Suffolk Record Office, and have become an invaluable source of information about everyday life in the countryside at that time. In 1977 a book entitled The Biography of a Victorian Village was published, in which Ronald Fletcher presents Richard Cobbold's account of 1860s Wortham.
Work
Cobbold achieved considerable success with his popular historical novels which include:
The History Of Margaret Catchpole: A Suffolk Girl (1845)
Mary Anne Wellington: The Soldier's Daughter, Wife and Widow (1846)
Zenon The Martyr: A Record of the Piety, Patience and Persecution of the Early Christian Nobles (1847)
Freston Tower: A Tale of the Times of Cardinal Wolsey (1850)
The Young Man's Home (1848)
JH Stegall, a Real History of a Suffolk Man (1851)
The Biography Of A Victorian Village – Wortham (1860)
Cobbold's Wortham - The Portrait of a Victorian Village (2019) Edited by Sue Heaser - Publication of Cobbold's watercolours and notes of Wortham 1860.
Adaptations
The History Of Margaret Catchpole: A Suffolk Girl became the 1887 play An English Lass by Alfred Dampier and C.H. Krieger, which formed the basis for the film The Romantic Story of Margaret Catchpole (1912)
References
Attribution
External links
Richard Cobbold: The Character of Woman, London 1848, PDF
1797 births
1877 deaths
Writers from Ipswich
Richard Cobbold
Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
English male novelists
19th-century English novelists
19th-century English male writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Cobbold |
Ann Jungman (born 1938) is an author of children's literature. She was born in Highgate, North London of German Jewish refugees. She studied Law at Exeter University before training as a primary school teacher.
Professional life
She founded Barn Owl Books in 1999, an independent publishing company that re-releases out-of-print children's books, publishing 8 books a year.
Her first book, Fang the Fiery Dragon, was published in 1972. She is probably best known for her series of books about Vlad the Drac. She wrote her 2004 book The Most Magnificent Mosque, set in Medieval Spain, because she "wanted to show that there had been a tolerant society in Europe a long time ago, and that the Muslims had been in Europe for a long time and had left a great legacy. There is no reason why Jews, Christians and Muslims can’t live side by side".
Campaigning
She is a member of Jews for Justice for Palestinians and the Independent Jewish Voices Steering Committee.
References
External links
British children's writers
1938 births
British Jews
Living people
People from Highgate
Alumni of the University of Exeter
British Jewish writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%20Jungman |
New College is a coeducational, sixth form college in Pontefract in West Yorkshire, England. It acquired academy status in 2017, forming a trust to open colleges in other areas, called the New Collaborative Learning Trust. At its Ofsted inspection in 2014 it was rated outstanding. In 2023 it was again rated outstanding.
History
The school on the site was originally built in the Victorian era as a slaughter house before being demolished, later it became the Pontefract Girls' High School, before finally opening as the college in 1987. In 1987 it became north east Wakefield's sixth form college known as NEW college. Previously the Motto of the college was nos excellentia per nostrum discipulus primoris ('We achieve excellence by putting our students first').
The college is now part of an academies trust named the New Collaborative Learning Trust. The CEO, Richard Fletcher, was previously the Principal at the college.
In 2014, colleges in the New Collaborative Learning Trust gave 'academic scholarship' to students to attend their school if they achieved more than 5 A grades at GCSE. They would give £500 to any student that applied for it with these said grades. Fletcher, the then vice principal, said all eligible students would be paid the £500, but 'we wouldn't know how many students would receive this until we opened.' This was labelled 'bribery’ by critics, and not an ‘ethical’ use of public funds, as it was widely reported that New College was the first free school to offer public money in this way.
Academics
In the academic year 2013–14 NEW College Pontefract was Ofsted Outstanding, with inspectors highlighting their heightened success rates, the development of students skills, regular rigorous assessment, and a successful management that create a culture of high expectations. They were encouraged to continue with high standards, and introduce more opportunities to look at the world of work.
In September 2016 a new New College Doncaster was opened by the NCLT with New College Bradford opened in September 2019.
In October 2020 it won the sixth-form college of the year at the Tes FE Awards 2020, achieving top in the country. The college was praised for its 100% pass rate and high grades making up 60% at A-level and 90% in BTEC courses. It was also praised by the judges for its employability training and training for progression to higher education, and its wide range on extracurricular and supercurricular activities.
Notable alumni
Tim Bresnan – England international cricketer.
Tom Briscoe – Rugby league player for Super League side Leeds Rhinos, who graduated in 2008
Rich Johnston – Cartoonist, writer and journalist.
Gill Isles – TV producer.
Ryan Hall – Rugby League player for Super League side Leeds Rhinos
Cameron Smith – Rugby League player for Super League side Leeds Rhinos
Jake Johnson – Gymnast
Danny Kirmond plays rugby league for Wakefield Trinity
References
External links
New College website
1987 establishments in England
Educational institutions established in 1987
Buildings and structures in the City of Wakefield
Sixth form colleges in West Yorkshire
Education in the City of Wakefield
Pontefract | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20College%2C%20Pontefract |
Easy is the fifth album by Kelly Willis. It was released on Rykodisc in 2002. The album went to number 29 on Top Country Albums.
Critical reception
Soon after Easy was released, NPR's Meredith Ochs said that Willis "has found her true style" on the album. Richard Harrington, a music critic for the Washington Post, ranked Easy as his 9th favorite album of 2002, writing that "Willis's originals, including the hurtin' anthems "If I Left You" and "Easy (As Falling Apart)," are among her best yet."
Track listing
"If I Left You" (Kelly Willis) – 3:09
"Easy (as Falling Apart)" (Willis) – 4:12
"What Did You Think" (Bruce Robison) – 3:34
"You Can't Take It with You" (Paul Kelly) – 3:03
"Getting to Me" (Willis, Gary Louris) – 4:32
"Don't Come the Cowboy with Me Sonny Jim!" (Kirsty MacColl) – 3:57
"Wait Until Dark" (Willis, John Leventhal) – 3:41
"Find Another Fool" (Marcia Ball) – 3:14
"Not What I Had in Mind" (Willis) – 4:07
"Reason to Believe" (Willis) – 3:17
Personnel
Chris Burns – assistant engineer
Floyd Domino – piano
Tony Edwards – glockenspiel
Amy Farris – violin, viola, background vocals
Rafael Gayol – drums
Vince Gill – background vocals
Paul Glasse – mandolin
Robert Hadley – mastering
Thomas Johnson – assistant engineer
Steven Jurgensmeyer – design
Alison Krauss – background vocals
John Ludwick – bass guitar
Lloyd Maines – electric guitar, steel guitar
Ian McLagan – piano, Hammond organ, Wurlitzer
Gary Paczosa – producer, engineer, mixing
Chuck Prophet – acoustic guitar, electric guitar, wurlitzer
Bruce Robison – background vocals
Doug Sax – mastering
Mellissa Schleicher – make-up, hair stylist
Rolf Sieker – banjo
Mark Spencer – acoustic guitar, piano, electric guitar, bonang, national steel guitar, baritone guitar
Chris Thile – mandolin
Geoff Travis – executive producer
Dan Tyminski – background vocals
Dana Tynan – photography
Kelly Willis – lead vocals, producer, background vocals
Chart performance
References
Kelly Willis albums
2002 albums
Rykodisc albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easy%20%28Kelly%20Willis%20album%29 |
Alexander Frank Downie, OBE, MLC (born 1945, Douglas) is a Manx politician and former marine engineer. He is a member of the Legislative Council of the Isle of Man and a former Trade and Industry Minister of the Government. He was a Member of the House of Keys from 1991 until his election to the Legislative Council in 2005. Before going into politics, he was marine seagoing engineer for various companies and self-employed in the heating maintenance business.
Personal life
Downie was born in 1945 in Douglas, Isle of Man.
Downie is a freemason. As of April 2017, he is the Deputy Provincial Grand Master for the Isle of Man.
Ministerial positions
Minister of Trade and Industry, 2002–2006
Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, 1999–2002
References
External links
Alex Downie on MHKstheyworkforyou.org
Members of the Legislative Council of the Isle of Man
Members of the House of Keys 1991–1996
Members of the House of Keys 1996–2001
Members of the House of Keys 2001–2006
Living people
Manx Freemasons
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
1945 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex%20Downie |
Streethay is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Fradley and Streethay, in the Lichfield district, in the county of Staffordshire, England, adjoining the city of Lichfield, on the east side of the West Coast Main Line railway. In 2001 the parish had a population of 1111.
Village amenities
Streethay is a small village and has no shops. The main road in Streethay is the Old Burton Road (A5127 road), which starts at the A38 road junction and the road used to be the main route into Birmingham before the A38 was constructed. There was a former public house called 'The Anchor' which has been converted into flats and business premises. There is a children's play park on the A5127 Burton Road. There is a bus service that stops in Streethay, which continues onto Lichfield and Burton Upon Trent, calling at the villages of Fradley and Alrewas.
Further up the A5127 road to Lichfield there is Lichfield Trent Valley railway station which is on the West Coast Mainline and has direct links to Birmingham, Northern England, Scotland, and London. The northern spur of phase 1 of HS2 rail line will run just east of the village, linking with the West Coast Main Line at Handsacre.
Plans for 750 new houses was granted in 2012 by Lichfield District Council and is now near completion in 2020. The estate is known as Roman Heights and Cathedral View. There is a community association which supports residents on the estate.
Streethay is less than one mile from the city of Lichfield.
History
The name "Streethay" means 'Roman road enclosure'. Fradley was formerly a township in the parish of St. Michael, from 1866 Streethay was a civil parish in its own right, on 1 April 2009 the parish was abolished to form "Fradley and Streethay".
See also
Listed buildings in Fradley and Streethay
References
External links
British History Online: Streethay with Fulfen.
Staffordshire Online Gazetteer: Fisherwick and Streethay
https://www.rhcv.org.uk Roman Heights & Cathedral View Community Association
Villages in Staffordshire
Former civil parishes in Staffordshire
Lichfield District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streethay |
The 1987 Pan American Games, officially known as the X Pan American Games, was a major international multi-sport event held in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, on August 7–23, 1987. Over 4,300 athletes from 38 countries in the Americas competed in 297 events in 30 sports, earning 1,015 medals. Events were held at 23 venues in and around Indianapolis. The official mascot for the games was Amigo, a green parrot.
Host city selection
Santiago, Chile, was originally named the host of the tenth Pan American Games, but it withdrew in 1983 due to political and financial problems. Quito, Ecuador, was named to replace Santiago, but it also withdrew, in late 1984. Desperate, the Pan American Sports Organization (PASO) held a new election. Indianapolis was planning to bid on the 1991 Games, but, at the request of the United States Olympic Committee, submitted a bid for 1987. Since many sports facilities were already in place, PASO announced on December 18, 1984, that Indianapolis would be the host. Havana, Cuba, was also interested, but PASO appeased Fidel Castro, who had threatened to boycott the games, by agreeing to give Havana the 1991 games provided that Cuba participated at Indianapolis.
Organization
The city of Indianapolis created an organizing committee called Pan American Ten/Indianapolis (PAX/I). It had eighteen operating divisions, 300 paid staff, and 37,000 volunteers.
Symbols
The logo of the 1987 Pan Am Games consisted of five stylized X's, the Roman numeral for ten. Designed by Michael Hayes of the JMH Corporation in Indianapolis, the seven colors represented the wildlife and flags of western hemisphere countries. The mascot was Amigo, a green parrot, designed by Jerry Reynolds of Perennial Pictures in Indianapolis. He represented friendliness and festivity. The official music of the X Pan American Games was Pan American Fanfare by Lalo Schifrin.
Broadcasting rights
The rights for the 1987 games were won by CBS with a bid of $4,000,000, and Brent Musburger hosted. CBS aired 26 hours of coverage, all on weekend afternoons, including live coverage of the Opening Ceremony from the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. Additionally, CBS provided the world feed. Because these games were first since the Cuban Revolution in which Cuban athletes were competing in the United States, the ratings were boosted by their participation, providing a United States-Cuba showdown in many events.
Venues
The 1987 Pan Am Games were held at a total of 23 sites. The athletes village, which provided lodging and dining for the athletes, was located at Fort Benjamin Harrison in Lawrence, Indiana.
Brown County State Park (Nashville, Indiana) – Biking
Bush Stadium – Baseball
Eagle Creek Park – Archery, Canoeing, Rowing
Circle Theatre – Weightlifting
Hinkle Fieldhouse – Volleyball
Hoosier Dome – Closing ceremonies, Gymnastics, Handball
Hoosier Horse Park (Edinburgh, Indiana) – Equestrian events
Indiana Convention Center – Boxing
Indiana University Natatorium – Diving, Swimming, Synchronized swimming
IU Michael A. Carroll Track & Soccer Stadium – Athletics
Indianapolis Motor Speedway (Speedway, Indiana) – Opening ceremonies, Speed roller skating, Cycling
Indianapolis Tennis Center – Tennis
Kuntz Memorial Soccer Stadium – Soccer
Lake Michigan (Michigan City, Indiana) – Yachting
Major Taylor Velodrome – Cycling
Market Square Arena – Basketball
Games
Opening ceremony
The opening ceremony was held on the main straight of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, the site of the Indianapolis 500. Crowd size reports range from 69,518, the official capacity of the stadium proper, to 80,000. The show, The Magic that is America, was produced by The Walt Disney Company at a cost of several million dollars. The 6,500 performers made it, at that time, both the largest outdoor live entertainment show held in the United States and the largest opening ceremony of the Pan Am games. The organizers had originally budgeted $2.5 million for the opening and closing ceremonies, but all the proposals by Disney exceeded that figure, so the committee decided to use that entire amount to stage only the opening ceremony.
Sandi Patty was a featured singer and the show included hot air balloons and military fighter jets. Dignitaries included IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch, Indianapolis Mayor William H. Hudnut III, Indiana Governor Robert D. Orr, and PASO President Mario Vazquez Raña.
U.S. Vice President George H. W. Bush officially opened the games, and additional security protocols for his presence led to about 5000 people being delayed in lines, with twelve people fainting.
Flag bearers in the Parade of Nations included the games' oldest athlete, 70-year-old yachtsman Durward Knowles of the Bahamas, basketball star José Ortiz of Puerto Rico, and baseball pitcher Jim Abbott of the United States. The Canadian delegation engaged with the crowd by playing frisbee with them. The final leg of the torch relay had the flame passed from Indianapolis-born basketball player Oscar Robertson to gymnast Kristie Phillips to sprinter Wilma Rudolph, also from Indianapolis, who lit the cauldron.
During the opening ceremony, a plane chartered by anti-Castro Cuban-American activists flew a banner urging Cuban athletes to defect.
Events
Thirty sports were contested at the tenth Pan American Games for a total of 321 events. Five were contested for the first time in 1987, including handball.
Archery
Athletics
Baseball
Basketball
Boxing
Canoeing
Cycling
Diving
Equestrian
Fencing
Field hockey
Figure skating
Football (soccer)
Gymnastics
Handball
Judo
Modern Pentathlon
Roller skating
Rowing
Sailing
Shooting
Softball
Swimming
Synchronized swimming
Table tennis
Taekwondo
Tennis
Volleyball
Water polo
Weightlifting
Wrestling
Participating nations
38 nations participated in the tenth Pan American Games. Four countries competed for the first time in 1987: Aruba, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, and Grenada.
(28)
(377)
(45)
(50)
(85)
(43)
(72)
(28)
(410)
(631)
(105)
(260)
(535)
(135)
(60)
(93)
(7)
(92)
(17)
(4)
(108)
(353)
(92)
(40)
(100)
(65)
(110)
(341)
(80)
(743)
(107)
(210)
Protests involving the Cuban delegation during the games
Tension between Cuba and the United States had already been an issue with the selection of Indianapolis over Havana for the site of the games, and a Cuban boycott had been avoided only when Fidel Castro received a promise that the 1991 Pan American Games would be held in Havana. After the incident with a plane flying a banner urging Cuban athletes to defect in the opening ceremony, Cuban immigrants to the United States continued to use the games as a way to confront the Castro regime, using the Cuban athletes as a proxy. This games marked the first time since the Cuban Revolution that Cuban athletes had participated in the United States. At a baseball game in Bush Stadium between Cuba and the Netherlands Antilles the day after the opening ceremony, Cuban-American protestors taunted the Cuban players, threw flyers at them, and mocked them with offers of cash. A fight broke out, but only one bystander was injured and hospitalized after Indianapolis police broke up the fight by preventing the Cuban players from entering the stands. At a subsequent game against Puerto Rico, some Cuban players were able to enter the stands to chase protestors before being stopped.
During boxing events at the Indiana Convention Center, anti-Castro Cuban-American protestors mocked the Cuban boxers from the stands. The police were unable to stop the Cuban boxers from entering the stands and punching the protestors in retaliation. According to witnesses, up to a dozen Cuban boxers, including Pablo Romero, as well as a hundred spectators were involved. Two people were hospitalized. After these incidents Manuel Gonzalez Guerra, who was Cuba's top sports official, publicly demanded that organizers keep the anti-Castro protestors away from the Cuban athletes. In private, he also unsuccessfully asked the Indianapolis police chief to lock the activists up. Mark Miles, the president of the organizing committee, made a phone call to the Ronald Reagan administration in the White House, who subsequently pressed Cuban-American activists groups to dial down the pressure by the final week.
Medal count
To sort this table by nation, total medal count, or any other column, click on the icon next to the column title.
Notes
The medal counts for the United States and Canada differ in various sources.
Indianapolis Museum of Art exhibition
Coinciding with the Pan American Games was the Indianapolis Museum of Art exhibition Art of the Fantastic: Latin America, 1920–1987. The exhibition presented 125 works by artists from a variety of nations, including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, Puerto Rico, the United States, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Well-known artists such as Frida Kahlo and Roberto Matta were featured, as well as artists who had never exhibited outside their native country. The show was the first large-scale presentation of 20th-century Latin American art in the U.S. in over 20 years and was the museum's first contemporary exhibition to travel.
Closing ceremony
The closing ceremony was initially planned to take place at the American Legion Mall, a popular site for open air events on the Indiana World War Memorial Plaza in downtown Indianapolis. However, in April, the management of the American Legion objected because as part of the closing protocol, the flag of the host country (the U.S.) would be lowered and that of the host country of the next Pan American games (Cuba) would be raised to fly by itself. In June, the organizing committee decided to relocate the ceremony to the Hoosier Dome. Because the gymnastics finals were scheduled to end only a few hours before the closing ceremony, it was decided to use only a portion of the dome, limiting attendance to 35,000 instead of 60,000. Despite the initial budget for all ceremonies having been allocated exclusively to the opening ceremony, the closing ceremony was staged for $500,000.
The headline act was Cuban American Gloria Estefan and her band, Miami Sound Machine, chosen, according to the organizing committee, because her album Let It Loose had just achieved platinum sales. The choice of Castro-critic Estefan, who had fled with her family during the Cuban Revolution while her father stayed behind and was imprisoned, led the Cuban delegation to again threaten to boycott. In the end, they attended the closing ceremony, but returned to the stands and sat during the dancing. The ceremony ended with indoor fireworks, and the spectators were invited to exit the building to see a 25-minute outdoor fireworks display.
Impact
The Pan Am Games brought about $175 million (1988 USD, $355.1 million 2016 USD) to Indianapolis's economy. Hosting the Games cost about $30 million. Indianapolis was the first Pan American Games host city to break even financially.
Hosting the games also attracted many sports organizations to consider Indianapolis as a site for their headquarters, most notably the National Collegiate Athletic Association.
Bibliography
References
External links
Indianapolis 1987 - X Pan American Games - Official Report at PanamSports.org
Pan American Games
Pan American Games
International sports competitions hosted by the United States
Pan American Games
Pan
Pan
Pan
Multi-sport events in the United States
Pan American Games
August 1987 sports events in the United States
1980s in Indianapolis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987%20Pan%20American%20Games |
Jeeves and the Feudal Spirit is a comic novel by P. G. Wodehouse, first published in the United Kingdom on 15 October 1954 by Herbert Jenkins, London and in the United States on 23 February 1955 by Simon & Schuster, Inc., New York, under the title Bertie Wooster Sees It Through. It is the seventh novel featuring Bertie Wooster and his valet Jeeves.
The novel takes place at Brinkley Court, the home of Bertie's Aunt Dahlia, who is intent on selling her weekly magazine, Milady's Boudoir. Florence Craye and G. D'Arcy "Stilton" Cheesewright are major characters in the story.
Plot
Bertie has grown a moustache, which Jeeves disapproves of. G. D'Arcy "Stilton" Cheesewright, a fellow member at the Drones Club who has drawn Bertie's name in the annual club darts sweep, becomes jealous when Cheesewright’s fiancée Florence Craye says she loves Bertie's moustache. Florence and Bertie were engaged in the past, and Stilton mistakenly believes Bertie still loves her. Stilton is also jealous of Percy Gorringe, a playwright dramatizing Florence's novel Spindrift.
Disappointed with Stilton after he refuses to grow a moustache, Florence asks Bertie to take her to a night club for research for her next novel. Hoping to talk her into returning to Stilton, Bertie agrees. However, the night club is raided. When Florence tries to run away, Bertie trips a policeman chasing her. Florence escapes and Bertie spends the night in jail before paying a fine of ten pounds. Shortly afterward, Florence and Stilton reconcile when Stilton agrees to grow a moustache.
At her home of Brinkley Court, Aunt Dahlia, Bertie's aunt who runs a magazine called Milady's Boudoir, is trying to sell the paper to the Liverpudlian newspaper magnate Mr. Trotter, who brought along his wife Mrs. Trotter and his stepson, Percy Gorringe. Aunt Dahlia has hired the successful novelist Daphne Dolores Morehead, who is staying at Brinkley, to write a serial for Milady's Boudoir, to make the magazine appear successful to Mr. Trotter. Aunt Dahlia is also trying to win over Mr. Trotter with the magnificent cooking of her French chef, Anatole, though this does not seem to be working.
Florence has also gone to Brinkley Court. Aunt Dahlia tells Bertie to come to Brinkley to cheer up Percy, who is in love with Florence and upset that she is with Stilton. Stilton discovers that Florence and Bertie went to a night club together, and breaks his engagement to her by telegram. He comes to Brinkley Court, seeking revenge on Bertie, who avoids Stilton.
Bertie learns from Aunt Dahlia that she pawned the pearl necklace her husband Tom Travers bought her to pay for the new serial, without telling Tom. She is wearing a fake pearl necklace instead, and fears that Lord Sidcup, a jewellery expert who is coming to see Uncle Tom's silver collection, will reveal the necklace as a fake. Jeeves suggests that Bertie act as a burglar and steal the fake necklace. Bertie attempts to do so but mistakenly enters Florence's bedroom. She is moved to see him and assumes that he is in love with her. When Stilton comes to return her letters, Florence says she will marry Bertie, and Stilton, finding Bertie in Florence's room, becomes aggressive. Bertie saves himself by reminding Stilton about the Drones Club darts sweep: hurting Bertie could cost Stilton fifty-six pounds and ten shillings. Uncle Tom locks Aunt Dahlia's necklace in a safe. In addition, Lord Sidcup is revealed to be the recently elevated Roderick Spode.
After selling his Drones Club darts sweep ticket to Percy Gorringe, Stilton again threatens Bertie. Bertie tries, unsuccessfully, to fend off Stilton with a cosh, though Stilton forgets about Bertie and Florence when he sees Daphne Dolores Morehead and falls for her. Seeing Uncle Tom's safe open, Bertie takes a pearl necklace he sees there. Next he talks to Aunt Dahlia, who says she took the fake necklace from the safe. The necklace Bertie took belongs to Mrs. Trotter. Bertie tries to put back the second necklace, but is unable to do so since Mr. Trotter shuts the safe door.
At breakfast, Aunt Dahlia's butler Seppings presents Mrs. Trotter's pearl necklace on a salver, stating that he found it in Jeeves's room. Though Bertie prepares to confess stealing the necklace to save Jeeves, Jeeves says he planned to find the necklace's owner, since he realized the pearls were fake and assumed the necklace belonged to a housemaid. Spode, or Lord Sidcup, confirms the pearls are fake. Percy admits that he pawned his mother's real pearl necklace to produce the play based on Florence's novel. Florence is touched, and she and Percy get engaged.
Mr. Trotter dislikes Anatole's cooking. However, he feels much better after having one of Jeeves's special drinks, and purchases Milady's Boudoir. Grateful to Jeeves, Bertie agrees to shave off his moustache.
Style
The novel is typical of the episodic structure of problems and solutions seen in other late Jeeves novels. Wodehouse increasingly used sudden reversals of plot premises as part of this structure. Two examples of this are the reveal that Spode has sold Eulalie Soeurs, and Mrs. Trotter's unexpected decision that her husband should refuse a knighthood. Another way the novel is similar to other late Jeeves novels is that Bertie and Jeeves feud over one specific thing but cooperate in every other way, and their disagreement serves as an amusing plot point without being structurally crucial as in the early Jeeves novels.
One of the stylistic devices Wodehouse uses for comic effect is the transferred epithet, as in chapter 11: "He waved a concerned cigar". Wodehouse occasionally creates humorous nonce-compounds, sometimes by adding the word -joy to a noun. This occurs when lip-joy is used to mean '"moustache" in chapter 4. (Similarly, head-joy is used to mean "hats" in chapter 1 of Stiff Upper Lip, Jeeves.) Bertie often learns intellectual words from Jeeves and uses them in comic ways, as when Bertie references the Latin phrase rem acu tetigisti, an expression introduced by Jeeves, in chapter 21: "It was enough. I saw that, as always, he had tetigisti-ed the rem".
Another device used for humour is the pun. For instance, a pun occurs in chapter 6, when Florence talks to Bertie after he has spent a night in jail:"Are you all right now?""Well, I have a pinched look."
Wodehouse often uses comical names in his stories. Examples of this in Jeeves and the Feudal Spirit include the names of Lemuel Gengulphus Trotter (who is against being knighted due to the fact that he would be called Sir Lemuel) and the night-club Bertie and Florence go to, The Mottled Oyster, as well as the other night-clubs Bertie mentions, such as The Feverish Cheese and the Startled Shrimp.
Bertie's searching to find the right word is frequently a source of humour, as when he talks to Jeeves about his cousin Thos in chapter 16: "Let a plugugly like young Thos loose in the community with a cosh, and you are inviting disasters and…what's the word? Something about cats.""Cataclysms, sir?""That's it. Cataclysms."
Antagonists in Wodehouse's stories sometimes express desire to commit acts of violence, as in chapter 2: "And this had led Stilton, a man of volcanic passions, to express a desire to tear me limb from limb and dance buck-and-wing dances on my remains". The humour in passages of this kind derives from the obviously ridiculous physical impossibility of the events described.
Wodehouse's stories feature many references to the stage that emphasize the similarity between the narrative and a stage performance. This includes dialogue resembling a script, theatrical terminology, and characters described with theatrical conventions. For example, Bertie describes Florence when she is upset after Stilton unexpectedly knocks on her door while Bertie is with her: "Florence clapped a hand to her throat, a thing I didn't know anybody ever did off the stage".
Background
According to a letter Wodehouse wrote to his friend William "Bill" Townend on 13 January 1954, Wodehouse originally wrote Jeeves and the Feudal Spirit as a 30,000 word story, which was refused by various magazines. After rewriting it as a novel, Wodehouse realized the problem: no explanation was given for how Jeeves could tell a supposedly valuable pearl necklace was an imitation. Wodehouse wrote in the letter, "I have just written to a jeweller asking for professional advice on the point. What I want to know is Can anyone be taught to spot imitation jewels, or do you have to have some sort of flair?" The problem is resolved in the final version of the novel, in which Jeeves states that he learned while studying under a cousin in the profession that cultured pearls have a core.
This story marks the second time Jeeves disapproves of Bertie having a moustache. The first time occurred in "Jeeves and the Hard-boiled Egg".
At one point in the story, Bertie defends his moustache by stating that a moustache looks good on the actor David Niven, with Jeeves replying that a moustache suits David Niven but not Bertie. David Niven had portrayed Bertie Wooster (with a moustache) in the earlier 1936 film Thank You, Jeeves!.
Publication history
In addition to its UK and US publications, this story was also published under the title Double Jeopardy in Canada, in the 4 December 1954 issue of the Star Weekly, with illustrations by Alex Redmond.
The US edition includes a long dedication by Wodehouse to editor Peter Schwed.
Under the title Bertie Wooster Sees It Through, the story was included in the Wodehouse collection Five Complete Novels, published by the American publisher Avenel Books in May 1983.
Reception
G. B. Stern, The Sketch (3 November 1954): "Never again, as he did once, should Mr. Wodehouse attempt to give us Jeeves without Bertie; in his new novel they stand together and complement each other; Jeeves and the Feudal Spirit is a real beauty, a lallapaloosa … Plus the chivalrous and debonair Bertie Wooster, it contains all our favourite ingredients: Aunt Dahlia and her Chef, Anatole; Aunt Dahlia and Bertie letting themselves go in an exasperated crescendo of long colloquial telegrams; the beautiful but heavily intellectual Florence continually breaking off her engagement to Stilton Cheesewright in favour of the terrified Bertie … and above all, that ever-ingenious Wodehouse plot showing us a good man beset by circumstances over which he has no control".
Rex Lardner, The New York Times (27 February 1955): "In this, his sixtieth book, P. G. Wodehouse again takes up some of the special travails of the upper classes of that sprightly, curiously archaic Wodehousian world in which people exclaim 'Woof!' and 'Ga boom!'— a world in which felony is a footling trifle and chilled toast in the morning is an abysmal tragedy. … The book has its Wodehousian quota of gaily tossed metaphors, dialogue that bounces merrily along, sentences full of rich trim, and is flowered with carefully selected clichés—clichés that a lesser man might forbear to use. Bertie is confronted with a series of near-things, including a violent end by strangulation, marriage to the wrong lady, and indigestion. But before the curtain goes down the pieces fall into place and everything is right as rain".
Adaptations
Television
The story was adapted into the Jeeves and Wooster episode "The Delayed Arrival" which first aired on 6 June 1993. The plot remains largely the same, with some minor changes:
In the episode, Jeeves impersonates the American novelist Daphne Dolores Morehead when Morehead is unable to come to Brinkley Court. Additionally, Bertie briefly disguises himself as a maid named Beryl.
To push along the sale of Milady's Boudoir, Jeeves suggests blackmailing Mr. Trotter, who turned down a knighthood, which he does not want his socially ambitious wife to know about. In the original story, this plan fails, but it succeeds in the episode.
Roderick Spode does not appear in the episode. He is replaced by a different jewellery expert, Mr. Burwash.
Unlike in the novel, the darts tournament is actually depicted in the episode. The competition ends in a tie between Bertie and Freddie Widgeon.
Radio
Jeeves and the Feudal Spirit was adapted for radio in 1979 as part of the series What Ho! Jeeves starring Michael Hordern as Jeeves and Richard Briers as Bertie Wooster.
References
Notes
Sources
External links
The Russian Wodehouse Society's page, with a list of characters
Novels by P. G. Wodehouse
1954 British novels
British comedy novels
Herbert Jenkins books
Simon & Schuster books
Novels set in Worcestershire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeeves%20and%20the%20Feudal%20Spirit |
Joanne Rebecca Guilfoyle (born 29 May 1971), known professionally as Jo Beth Taylor, is an Australian television presenter, actress and singer most well known for hosting three weekly programs at the same time in the 1990s on the Nine Network: Australia's Funniest Home Video Show (1993–1997), Hey Hey It's Saturday (1995–1997) and What's Up Doc? (1996–1997), before taking a hiatus from television for more than two years.
Upon her return, Taylor hosted StarStruck (2000), which was to be her last regular role until Dirty Jobs (2007). During the 1990s, Taylor also had a music career with the release of an album and four singles, and had starring stage roles in musical theatre. In recent years, Taylor has appeared on reality television programs Dancing with the Stars (2010) and I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (2016).
Career
1984–1992
Taylor began singing at the age of 5 and performing professionally when she started her career on the television program Perth's Young Entertainers at the age of 13 in 1984. At the age of 15 she released a music video Running For Our Lives and in 1988 joined a band named Street Cafe and played regularly around Perth. Taylor moved to Melbourne in 1989 and recorded a demo tape, which found its way into the hands of Molly Meldrum, who signed her to Melodian Records. When Taylor signed her record contract Meldrum suggested she change her name to Jo Beth as Joanne "wasn't good".
In 1990, Taylor toured with Indecent Obsession as the support act for Debbie Gibson. After becoming friends, Gibson invited Taylor to go to New York City, where she then lived for a year. During this time Gibson wrote and produced five tracks on Taylor's debut album 99 Reasons. While in New York Taylor also worked with Jelly Benetez who produced five tracks on her album.
Taylor moved back to Australia and released her first single "99 Reasons" in 1991. The song hit the Australian Top 40, peaking at No. 31 and spending 9 weeks in the Top 50. Taylor's debut album was also titled 99 Reasons, however it failed to reach the top 100. "You Don't Own Me" was released as the second and final single from the album and was not a commercial success, charting at No. 137 on the ARIA Chart. Taylor was nominated for Best New Talent at the ARIA Awards in 1992.
1993–1997
A new track titled "A Prayer For Jane", penned by Steve Kipner who worked with Olivia Newton-John and Tina Turner, was released as a single in 1993. Taylor wrote the song about a friend who had taken their own life. The song reached No. 61 on the Australian Charts.
In February 1993, Taylor took over the hosting role of the top-rating Nine Network program Australia's Funniest Home Video Show. This made Taylor not only the sole woman to be hosting a prime-time show in Australia, but at just 22 years old she was also the youngest person. Taylor also sang the shows opening theme song, titled "The Funny Things You Do". Throughout 1995 and 1996 Taylor also starred in the stage shows Cinderella and The New Rocky Horror Show.
In 1995, whilst still hosting on Funniest Home Videos Taylor earned the role of co-host on the long running variety program Hey Hey It's Saturday following the departure of Ernie Carroll's Ossie Ostrich. On a number of occasions Taylor would host the entire show by herself, when Daryl Somers was away. Taylor would regularly perform music on the program. She was with the team when they celebrated their 25th Anniversary of the show at Disneyworld.
1996 saw Taylor make a brief return to music with the release of "I Love My Dog", a single for the 101 Dalmatians Movie soundtrack; reaching No. 95 on the ARIA chart. During this time, Taylor hosted a number of specials for the Nine Network, including the Vision for a Better World Telethon and the 40 Years of Television special which was filmed on the set of Taylor's sometime day job, What's Up Doc?.
In mid-1997 Taylor's time as host on Funniest Home Videos and co-host on Hey Hey came to an abrupt end when she failed to show for work, later explaining she suffered a nervous breakdown. As she finished both programs without warning, emergency replacements were called in, with Getaway presenter Catriona Rowntree temporarily replacing her on Funniest Home Videos, before Kim Kilby was brought in as a permanent host, whilst Livinia Nixon replaced her as co-host of Hey Hey It's Saturday.
1999–2010
After more than two years off-screen, Taylor made her return television appearance on In Melbourne Tonight in August 1999, singing "I Want You Back". Taylor joined the cast of the Australian stage production, Happy Days: The Arena Mega Musical in October 1999. Taylor played Laura, a character created for the stage show, who was in cahoots with Jon Stevens' Frank (also an original character) to put the famous diner out of business. The music selected for the Happy Days production was almost entirely from the 1960s. Taylor's songs included "Stand By Me", "You Don't Own Me" and "Smell Him".
Taylor returned to Australia's Funniest Home Video Show as a guest in late 1999 for the shows 10th Anniversary special. She performed the program's theme song, "The Funny Things You Do", and Stevie Wonder's version of "Happy Birthday". Taylor also returned as a guest and performer for the final episode of Hey Hey It's Saturday's original run in November 1999.
In 2000, Taylor hosted Starstruck, a Saturday night talent quest show, in what was her final regular television role for more than seven years. Taylor appeared as a guest on Greeks on the Roof in 2003 and on Australia Unites: Reach Out to Asia in 2005, a joint venture by the Seven, Nine, and Ten networks to raise money for the Boxing Day Tsunami. In 2005 Taylor was announced as co-host of Nine's new lifestyle program Scotty's Place (later renamed Our Place), but was replaced before the first episode.
In 2006, Taylor joined Noosa's radio station Zinc 96.1 FM morning crew with Jamie Dunn and Agro for six months. Taylor co-hosted an Australian version of Dirty Jobs on the Nine Network with Ben Dark between October and November 2007 and made an appearance on Mornings With Kerri-Anne in 2009 during a travel infomercial segment. Taylor returned for the second Hey Hey It's Saturday reunion show on 7 October 2009.
Taylor was amongst the line up of celebrities competing in the tenth season of Dancing with the Stars on the Seven Network. She was eliminated in the fourth week. On 13 November 2010 episode of Hey Hey It's Saturday she returned to the show as a contestant during one of the game segments. She returned again on 27 November 2010 to judge Red Faces on the series finale.
2016–present
Taylor returned to screens again after a six-year absence as a contestant on season two of I'm A Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! in January 2016. She entered the South African jungle on Day 1 and chose World Vision Australia as her charity. She later appeared as a co-host on Studio 10 and a contestant on All Star Family Feud on 1 August 2016.
Personal life
After disappearing from television in mid-1997, Taylor moved to San Diego, California, and remained out of the public eye for more than two years. She returned to Australia in August 1999 and revealed in an interview with Ray Martin that her disappearance was due to a nervous breakdown. In 2016, during an episode of I'm A Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!, Taylor confirmed her abrupt disappearance in 1997 was due to being exhausted and stressed due to work pressures, along with the negative effect a falsely rumoured sex tape was having on herself and her family. Taylor described that time of her life as extremely difficult and explained that her mental instability and weaknesses were not talked about back then, but that she is not ashamed.
Taylor travelled to Ethiopia and Uganda in 1996 as an ambassador for World Vision Australia to meet her sponsor child and film a documentary.
Taylor's first marriage was to guitarist Jamie Jardine from 1992 until 1997. In 1995, they purchased a historic 500-hectare property on the northern NSW coast. Taylor's second marriage was to tennis player Thomas Muster. Taylor and Muster married in Austria in 2000 and had one child, Christian (born 2001). Their wedding photos and story appeared in Woman's Day magazine. Taylor and Muster separated in 2002 and divorced in 2005.
In 2019, Taylor moved back to Perth after living in Melbourne and Noosa with her son since 2005. She has been practicing Iyengar Yoga since 2010 and is studying as a yoga teacher trainee.
Filmography
Television
Stage
Discography
Albums
Singles
Awards and nominations
ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music. They commenced in 1987.
|
|-
| 1992
| "99 Reasons"
| ARIA Award for Best New Talent
|
|
|-
References
External links
1971 births
Living people
Australian women pop singers
Australian television presenters
Actresses from Perth, Western Australia
People educated at Carine Senior High School
21st-century Australian singers
21st-century Australian women singers
Australian women television presenters
Musicians from Perth, Western Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%20Beth%20Taylor |
Elford is a village and civil parish in Lichfield District, Staffordshire, England. It is on the east bank of the River Tame, about east of the City of Lichfield and 5 miles north of Tamworth.
Origins
The village is said to have derived its name from the great number of eels with which the river here formerly abounded. Before the Norman conquest this manor belonged to Ælfgār, Earl of Mercia. In the reign of Henry III, it was held by William de Arderne, whose descendants continued to enjoy it till the marriage of Maud, sole heiress of Sir John Arderne, with Thomas, second son of Sir John Stanley, of Latham, carried it into that family; thence to the families of Staunton, Smythe and Huddlestone. With the marriage of Sir John Bowes (1530-1608) to Anne Huddleston the manor passed to the Bowes family. In 1683 Craven Howard married Mary Bowes, and the manor remained with the Bowes Howard family until 1877, with the death of Mary Howard, Elford Hall was bequeathed to her Paget cousins.
Buildings
Elford Hall was a mansion erected before 1757 by Henry Bowes Howard (Earl of Suffolk and Berkshire) and his son Lord Andover. In 1935, following the death of Howard Francis Paget (1858-1935), the Hall and much of the surrounding land was bequeathed, unexpectedly and much to the chagrin of his family, by the owner Francis Edward Howard Paget (1886-1945) to 'the People of Birmingham'. It was intended to be used as leisure facilities or for day trips for the people of Birmingham. By the 1960s, it shared the fate of so many country houses and was torn down. Few reminders of it remain today but those which do, including a walled garden, are currently the location of a successful restoration project by a local group.
Elford House, a surviving Victorian property, was built by the Webb family in the late 19th century. The initials of some family members can still be seen engraved into the wall near the rear patio.
St Peter's Church, the parish church, is a Grade II* listed building. A church has stood on the current site since Norman times but the current building predominantly dates from the mid-19th century.
Robert Bage (1730–1801) owned a paper mill, and lived in the Mill House, built 1760. He wrote six novels including Man as he is (1792) and Hermsprong or Man as he is not (1796), which were much admired by Sir Walter Scott. Elford experienced its largest and most damaging floods in living memory on Fathers' Day 2007. The police, fire service, the district council, environmental agencies and even the army were all present to lend a hand. Nevertheless, many houses were severely damaged, including the paper mill (recently converted to a dwelling) referred to above. The Mill house did not suffer as it is considerably elevated in relation to the Mill.
Surrounding countryside
Elford Lowe, on the summit of a hill about one mile east of the village, is distinguished by a large oak tree and opposite it, at the distance of a mile, is a smaller lowe. These lowes have been known as 'Robin Hood's Shooting Butts', from a belief that he sometimes practised here, and was able to shoot an arrow between them.
See also
Listed buildings in Elford
References
External links
Elford Church and the Stanley Chantry
Village website
Villages in Staffordshire
Civil parishes in Staffordshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elford |
A payable-through account (PTA) is a demand deposit account through which banking agencies located in the United States extend cheque writing privileges to the customers of other institutions, often foreign banks.
PTA accounts are a concern to bank regulators because the banks or agencies providing the accounts may not subject the end customers to the same level of scrutiny as they would their own customers. These concerns were addressed in Title 3A, especially Section 311(b)(4), of the Patriot Act.
Foreign financial institutions use PTAs, also known as "pass-through" or "pass-by" accounts, to provide their customers with access to the U.S. banking system. Some U.S. banks, Edge and agreement corporations, and U.S. branches and agencies of foreign financial institutions (collectively referred to as U.S. banks) offer these accounts as a service to foreign financial institutions. Law enforcement authorities have stated that the risk of money laundering and other illicit activities is higher in PTAs that are not adequately controlled.
Risk Factors
PTAs may be prone to higher risk because U.S. banks do not typically implement the same due diligence requirements for PTAs that they require of domestic customers who want to open checking and other accounts. For example, some U.S. banks merely request a copy of signature cards completed by the payable through customers (the customer of the foreign financial institution). These U.S. banks then process thousands of sub-accountholder checks and other transactions, including currency deposits, through the foreign financial institution's PTA. In most cases, little or no independent effort is expended to obtain or confirm information about the individual and business subaccountholders that use the PTAs.
Foreign financial institutions’ use of PTAs, coupled with inadequate oversight by U.S. banks, may facilitate unsound banking practices, including money laundering and related criminal activities. The potential for facilitating money laundering or terrorist financing, OFAC violations, and other serious crimes increases when a U.S. bank is unable to identify and adequately understand the transactions of the ultimate users (all or most of whom are outside of the United States) of its account with a foreign correspondent. PTAs used for illegal purposes can cause banks serious financial losses in criminal and civil fines and penalties, seizure or forfeiture of collateral, and reputation damage.
Risk Mitigation
U.S. banks offering PTA services should develop and maintain adequate policies, procedures, and processes to guard against possible illicit use of these accounts. At a minimum, policies, procedures, and processes should enable each U.S. bank to identify the ultimate users of its foreign financial institution PTA and should include the bank's obtaining (or having the ability to obtain through a trusted third-party arrangement) substantially the same information on the ultimate PTA users as it obtains on its direct customers.
Policies, procedures, and processes should include a review of the foreign financial institution's processes for identifying and monitoring the transactions of subaccountholders and for complying with any AML statutory and regulatory requirements existing in the host country and the foreign financial institution's master agreement with the U.S. bank. In addition, U.S. banks should have procedures for monitoring transactions conducted in foreign financial institutions’ PTAs.
In an effort to address the risk inherent in PTAs, U.S. banks should have a signed contract (i.e., master agreement) that includes:
Roles and responsibilities of each party.
Limits or restrictions on transaction types and amounts (e.g., currency deposits, funds transfers, check cashing).
Restrictions on types of subaccountholders (e.g., casas de cambio, finance companies, funds remitters, or other non-bank financial institutions).
Prohibitions or restrictions on multi-tier subaccountholders.193
Access to the foreign financial institution's internal documents and audits that pertain to its PTA activity.
U.S. banks should consider closing the PTA in the following circumstances:
Insufficient information on the ultimate PTA users.
Evidence of substantive or ongoing suspicious activity.
Inability to ensure that the PTAs are not being used for money laundering or other illicit purposes.
A full explanation from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation is available at: http://www.fdic.gov/news/news/financial/1995/fil9530.html
References
Banking terms | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payable-through%20account |
This article contains a list of useful plants, meaning a plant that has been or can be co-opted by humans to fulfill a particular need. Rather than listing all plants on one page, this page instead collects the lists and categories for the different ways in which a plant can be used; some plants may fall into several of the categories or lists below, and some lists overlap (for example, the term "crop" covers both edible and non-edible agricultural products).
Edible plants
:Category:Edible plants
:Category:Cereals
List of edible flowers
:Category:Forages
:Category:Grains
:Category:Spices
List of culinary herbs and spices
Fruits and vegetables
:Category:Fruit
:Category:Edible nuts and seeds
:Category:Vegetables
:Category:Inflorescence vegetables
:Category:Leaf vegetables
:Category:Root vegetables
:Category:Edible seaweeds
:Category:Stem vegetables
Forestry
:Category:Wood
:Category:Shrubs
:Category:Trees
Medicine, drugs, psychoactives
1.:Category:Medicinal plants
2.:Category:Medicinal herbs and fungi
3.List of Plants Used for Smoking
Other economic purposes
:Category:Crops
:Category:Energy crops
List of beneficial weeds
References
External links
Plants For A Future
Permaculture Information Web
Plant Resources of Tropical Africa (PROTA)
Handbook of Energy Crops
Lost Crops of Africa: Volume 1: Grains
Lost Crops of the Incas
Bibliography on underutilized roots and tubers crops
Australian New Crops Web Site
Plant Resources of South East Asia (PROSEA)
Global Facilitation Unit for Underutilized Species
UN Centre for the Alleviation of Poverty through Secondary Crops' Development in Asia and the Pacific (UNCAPSA)
Traditional African Vegetables
ECHO (Educational Concerns for Hunger Organization)
Useful plants
Agriculture-related lists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists%20of%20useful%20plants |
Stanisław Wygodzki () (13 January 1907 in Będzin, Poland – 9 May 1992 in Tel Aviv, Israel) was a Polish writer of Jewish origin.
Life
He published his first volume of poetry in 1933 before the Nazi occupation of Poland, during which Wygodzki was first interred in the Bedzin ghetto and later in the concentration camps of Auschwitz, Dachau, Oranienburg and Sachsenhausen. During the war he was issued Paraguayan passport by Ładoś Group.
His health impacted by his experiences, Wygodzki did not resume publishing until 1947, following which he became a successful writer, publishing poetry, short stories and one novel. Wygodzki, who lost his wife, daughter and parents in Auschwitz, was one of four winners of the 1969 "Remembrance Award", awarded annually by the World Federation of Bergen-Belsen Associations for "excellence in literature on the Nazi atrocities against European Jewry". A communist in his youth who was briefly imprisoned in Poland as an adult for his communist activities, Wygodzki resettled in Israel in 1968 in response to antisemitism in the Communist Party in Poland.
See also
Socialist realism in Poland
Notes
Sources
babelfish.yahoo.com
Museum of the History of Polish Jews
External links
English
German
Polish
Russian
1907 births
1992 deaths
People from Będzin
People from Piotrków Governorate
20th-century Polish writers
20th-century Israeli Jews
Polish emigrants to Israel
Będzin Ghetto inmates
Auschwitz concentration camp survivors
Dachau concentration camp survivors
Sachsenhausen concentration camp survivors
Writers from the Province of Silesia
20th-century Polish male writers
Ładoś List | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw%20Wygodzki |
Heinrich Daniel Ruhmkorff (Rühmkorff) (15 January 1803 – 20 December 1877) was a German instrument maker who commercialised the induction coil (often referred to as the Ruhmkorff coil).
Ruhmkorff was born in Hanover. He changed the "ü" to "u" in his name when living abroad. After an apprenticeship with a German mechanic, he moved to England. Contemporaneous and extant biographies have made the assertion that he worked with the inventor Joseph Bramah, but this is unlikely since Bramah died in 1814. He may, though, have worked for the Bramah company. In 1855, he set up a shop in Paris, where he gained a reputation for the high quality of his electrical apparatus.
Although Ruhmkorff is often credited with the invention of the induction coil, it was in fact invented by Nicholas Callan in 1836. Ruhmkorff's first coil, which he patented in 1851, utilized long windings of copper wire to achieve a spark of approximately 2 inches (50 mm) in length. In 1857, after examining a greatly improved version made by an American inventor, Edward Samuel Ritchie, Ruhmkorff improved his design (as did other engineers), using glass insulation and other innovations to allow the production of sparks more than 30 centimetres long. Ruhmkorff patented the first version of his induction coil in 1851, and its success was such that in 1858 he becomes the first recipient of the Volta Prize, 50,000 French franc award by Napoleon III for one of the most important discoveries in the application of electricity. He died in Paris in 1877.
The Ruhmkorff lamps or 'Ruhmkorff's apparatus' mentioned in several of Jules Verne's science-fiction novels relied on induction coils but were not developed by Ruhmkorff.
Asteroid
The asteroid 15273 Ruhmkorff, discovered in 1991 by E. W. Elst, is named after Heinrich Daniel Ruhmkorff.
References
Further reading
H.S. Norrie, Ruhmkorff Induction-Coils, Their Construction, Operation and Application. (New York, New York: Spon & Chamberlain, 1896).
External links
Biography with photographs accessed April 12, 2006
Spark Museum—Induction coils
1803 births
1877 deaths
19th-century German inventors
Burials at Montparnasse Cemetery
Scientists from Hanover
Emigrants from the Kingdom of Hanover
Immigrants to the United Kingdom
Immigrants to France | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich%20Daniel%20Ruhmkorff |
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